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Erland LA. Views and perspectives on the indoleamines serotonin and melatonin in plants: past, present and future. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2366545. [PMID: 38899558 PMCID: PMC11195476 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2366545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the decades since their discovery in plants in the mid-to-late 1900s, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and serotonin (5-methoxytryptamine) have been established as their own class of phytohormone and have become popular targets for examination and study as stress ameliorating compounds. The indoleamines play roles across the plant life cycle from reproduction to morphogenesis and plant environmental perception. There is growing interest in harnessing the power of these plant neurotransmitters in applied and agricultural settings, particularly as we face increasingly volatile climates for food production; however, there is still a lot to learn about the mechanisms of indoleamine action in plants. A recent explosion of interest in these compounds has led to exponential growth in the field of melatonin research in particular. This concept paper aims to summarize the current status of indoleamine research and highlight some emerging trends.
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Yildiztugay E, Arikan Abdulveli B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Turkan I. Melatonin mediated tolerance to benzalkonium chloride phytotoxicity through improved growth, photochemical reactions, and antioxidant system in wild-type and snat2 mutant Arabidopsis lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108779. [PMID: 38823090 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is a phytohormone that plays a crucial role in various plant processes, including stress response. Despite numerous studies on the role of Mel in stress resistance, its significance in plants exposed to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) pollution remains unexplored. BAC, a common antiseptic, poses a threat to terrestrial plants due to its widespread use and inefficient removal, leading to elevated concentrations in the environment. This study investigated the impact of BAC (0.5 mg L-1) pollution on wild-type Col-0 and snat2 knockout mutant Arabidopsis lines, revealing reduced growth, altered water relations, and gas exchange parameters. On the other hand, exogenous Mel (100 μM) treatments mitigated BAC-induced phytotoxicity and increased the growth rate by 1.8-fold in Col-0 and 2-fold in snat2 plants. snat2 mutant seedlings had a suppressed carbon assimilation rate (A) under normal conditions, but BAC contamination led to further A repression by 71% and 48% in Col-0 and snat2 leaves, respectively. However, Mel treatment on stressed plants was successful in improving Fv/Fm and increased the total photosynthesis efficiency by regulating photochemical reactions. Excessive H2O2 accumulation in the guard cells of plants exposed to BAC pollution was detected by confocal microscopy. Mel treatments triggered almost all antioxidant enzyme activities (except POX) in both Arabidopsis lines under stress. This enhanced antioxidant activity, facilitated by foliar Mel application, contributed to the alleviation of oxidative damage, regulation of photosynthesis reactions, and promotion of plant growth in Arabidopsis. In addition to corroborating results observed in many agricultural plants regarding the development of tolerance to environmental stresses, this study provides novel insights into the action mechanisms of Mel under the emerging pollutant benzalkonium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Busra Arikan Abdulveli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Teng Z, Chen C, He Y, Pan S, Liu D, Zhu L, Liang K, Li Y, Huang L. Melatonin confers thermotolerance and antioxidant capacity in Chinese cabbage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108736. [PMID: 38797006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to the damaging effect of high temperatures on plant development, global warming is predicted to increase agricultural risks. Chinese cabbage holds considerable importance as a leafy vegetable that is extensively consumed and cultivated worldwide. Its year-round production also encounters severe challenges in the face of high temperatures. In this study, melatonin (MT), a pivotal multifunctional signaling molecule that coordinates responses to diverse environmental stressors was used to mitigate the harmful effects of high temperatures on Chinese cabbage. Through the utilization of growth indices, cytological morphology, physiological and biochemical responses, and RNA-Seq analysis, alongside an examination of the influence of crucial enzymes in the endogenous MT synthesis pathway on the thermotolerance of Chinese cabbage, we revealed that MT pretreatment enhanced photosynthetic activity, maintained signaling pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and preserved circadian rhythm in Chinese cabbage under high temperatures. Furthermore, pretreatment with MT resulted in increased levels of soluble sugar, vitamin C, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activity, along with decreased levels of malondialdehyde, nitrate, flavonoids, and bitter glucosinolates, ultimately enhancing the capacity of the organism to mitigate oxidative stress. The knockdown of the tryptophan decarboxylase gene, which encodes a key enzyme responsible for MT biosynthesis, resulted in a significant decline in the ability of transgenic Chinese cabbage to alleviate oxidative damage under high temperatures, further indicating an important role of MT in establishing the thermotolerance. Taken together, these results provide a mechanism for MT to improve the antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage under high temperatures and suggest beneficial implications for the management of other plants subjected to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Teng
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Caizhi Chen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Yuanrong He
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Luyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kexin Liang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Gao Y, Wang X, Hou X, Chen J. Evolution and Analysis of Caffeic Acid Transferase (COMT) in Seed Plants. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1953-1976. [PMID: 37801144 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid transferase (COMT) is a key enzyme in the lignin and melatonin synthesis pathways and plays an important role in plant growth and development. All seed plants have two characteristics: they have vascular tissues, phloem, and xylem, and they can produce and reproduce seeds. In order to understand the distribution and evolution of COMTs in seed plants, we performed physicochemical property analysis, subcellular localization, phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif analysis, and protein interaction network analysis of 44 COMT homologs from 26 seed plants through in silico. The results showed that in seed plants, the structure of COMT genes tends to be stable in different plant taxa, while the relationship between the chromosomal positions of different COMT genes in the same plant was more intricate. The conserved distribution of COMT in seed plants reflected its highly specialized function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China.
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Vongnhay V, Shukla MR, Ayyanath MM, Sriskantharajah K, Saxena PK. Enhanced In Vitro Plant Morphogenesis of Tobacco: Unveiling Indoleamine-Modulated Adaptogenic Properties of Tulsi ( Ocimum sanctum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1370. [PMID: 38794439 PMCID: PMC11125241 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal plant tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) is acknowledged for its invigorating and healing properties that enhance resilience to stress in various human and animal models by modulating antioxidant compounds. While extensive research has documented these effects in humans, the adaptogenic potential of tulsi in stressful in vitro plant systems has not been explored. This study aimed to elucidate the adaptogenic properties of tulsi leaf extract on the in vitro regeneration of tobacco leaf explants through an investigation of the indoleamines at different developmental stages. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants on the medium supplemented with tulsi extract (20%) was compared to the control, and the differences in indoleamine compounds were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Treatment of the explants with the extract resulted in an almost two-fold increase in the number of regenerants after four weeks of culture, and 9% of the regenerants resembled somatic embryo-like structures. The occurrence of browning in the extract-treated explants stopped on day 10, shoots began to develop, and a significant concentration of tryptamine and N-acetyl-serotonin accumulated. A comparative analysis of indoleamine compounds in intact and cut tobacco leaves also revealed the pivotal role of melatonin and 2-hydroxymelatonin functioning as antioxidants during stress adaptation. This study demonstrates that tulsi is a potent adaptogen that is capable of modulating plant morphogenesis in vitro, paving the way for further investigations into the role of adaptogens in plant stress biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (V.V.); (M.R.S.); (M.-M.A.); (K.S.)
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Tan DX, Chuffa LGDA, da Silva DGH, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczynski K. Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414463. [PMID: 38808108 PMCID: PMC11130361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- US and Pathology Laboratory Service, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Bocheva G, Bakalov D, Iliev P, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova R. The Vital Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in the Neuroprotection and Retardation of Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5122. [PMID: 38791160 PMCID: PMC11121732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While primarily produced in the pineal gland, melatonin's influence goes beyond its well-known role in regulating sleep, nighttime metabolism, and circadian rhythms, in the field of chronobiology. A plethora of new data demonstrates melatonin to be a very powerful molecule, being a potent ROS/RNS scavenger with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and oncostatic properties. Melatonin and its metabolites exert multiple beneficial effects in cutaneous and systemic aging. This review is focused on the neuroprotective role of melatonin during aging. Melatonin has an anti-aging capacity, retarding the rate of healthy brain aging and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Melatonin, as well as its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), can reduce oxidative brain damage by shielding mitochondria from dysfunction during the aging process. Melatonin could also be implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions, by modifying their characteristic low-grade neuroinflammation. It can either prevent the initiation of inflammatory responses or attenuate the ongoing inflammation. Drawing on the current knowledge, this review discusses the potential benefits of melatonin supplementation in preventing and managing cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Bakalov
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Iliev
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Wang Q, Li C, Yuan B, Yu A, Qu G, Sun Z. Engineering the Activity of a Newly Identified Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase in the Acetylation of 5-Hydroxytryptamine. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400069. [PMID: 38504591 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) serves as a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melatonin by transforming 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (NAS), while its low activity may hinder melatonin yield. In this study, a novel AANAT derived from Sus scrofa (SsAANAT) was identified through data mining using 5-HT as a model substrate, and a rational design of SsAANAT was conducted in the quest to improving its activity. After four rounds of mutagenesis procedures, a triple combinatorial dominant mutant M3 was successfully obtained. Compared to the parent enzyme, the conversion of the whole-cell reaction bearing the best variant M3 exhibted an increase from 50 % to 99 % in the transformation of 5-HT into NAS. Additionally, its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was enhanced by 2-fold while retaining the thermostability (Tm>45 °C). In the up-scaled reaction with a substrate loading of 50 mM, the whole-cell system incorporating variant M3 achieved a 99 % conversion of 5-HT in 30 h with an 80 % yield. Molecular dynamics simulations were ultilized to shed light on the origin of improved activity. This study broadens the repertoire of AANAT for the efficient biosynthesis of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiqun Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
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Liu H, Zheng Y, Kan S, Hao M, Jiang H, Li S, Li R, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu W. Melatonin inhibits tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Interplay of ER stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy with cell migration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29291. [PMID: 38644851 PMCID: PMC11033109 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) occupies a high proportion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. TSCC features high lymph node metastasis rates and chemotherapy resistance with a poor prognosis. Therefore, an effective therapy strategy is needed to improve patient prognosis. Melatonin (MT) is a natural indole compound shown to have anti-tumor effects in several cancers. This study focused on the role and mechanism of MT in TSCC cells. The results of the study suggest that MT could inhibit cell proliferation in CRL-1623 cells. Western blot analysis showed the down-regulate of cyclin B1 and the up-regulate P21 protein by MT. MT was also shown to down-regulate the expression of Zeb1, Wnt5A/B, and β-catenin protein and up-regulate E-cadherin to inhibit the migration of CRL-1623 cells. MT also promoted the expression of ATF4, ATF6, Bip, BAP31 and CHOP in CRL-1623 cells leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress, and induced autophagy and apoptosis in CRL-1623 cells. Western blots showed that MT could promote the expression of Bax, LC3, and Beclin1 proteins and inhibit the expression of p62. We screened differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MT-treated cells and found that the expression of MALAT1 and H19 decreased. Moreover, MT inhibited tumor growth in nude mice inoculated with CRL-1623 cells. These results suggest that MT could induce autophagy, promote apoptosis, and provide a potential natural compound for the treatment of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shunyi District Hospital, NO.3 Guangming South Street, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuangji Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinyu Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng, 130300, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Kim TK, Slominski RM, Pyza E, Kleszczynski K, Tuckey RC, Reiter RJ, Holick MF, Slominski AT. Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38686544 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290-315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Konrad Kleszczynski
- Department of Dermatology, Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, Münster, 48161, Germany
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Kołodziejczyk I, Kaźmierczak A. Melatonin - This is important to know. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170871. [PMID: 38340815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
MEL (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known natural compound that controls cellular processes in both plants and animals and is primarily found in plants as a neurohormone. Its roles have been described very broadly, from its antioxidant function related to the photoperiod and determination of seasonal rhythms to its role as a signalling molecule, imitating the action of plant hormones (or even being classified as a prohormone). MEL positively affects the yield and survival of plants by increasing their tolerance to unfavourable biotic and abiotic conditions, which makes MEL widely applicable in ecological farming as a stimulant of growth and development. Thus, it is called a phytobiostimulator. In this review, we discuss the genesis of MEL functions, the presence of MEL at the cellular level and its effects on gene expression and plant development, which can ensure the survival of plants under the conditions they encounter. Moreover, we consider the future application possibilities of MEL in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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Zhang Q, Gao R, Wu D, Wang X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Guan L. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Pivotal Role of Exogenous Melatonin in Enhancing Salt Tolerance in Vitis vinifera L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3651. [PMID: 38612463 PMCID: PMC11011403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. possesses high economic value, but its growth and yield are seriously affected by salt stress. Though melatonin (MT) has been widely reported to enhance tolerance towards abiotic stresses in plants, the regulatory role melatonin plays in resisting salt tolerance in grapevines has scarcely been studied. Here, we observed the phenotypes under the treatment of different melatonin concentrations, and then transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed. A total of 457 metabolites were detected in CK- and MT-treated cell cultures at 1 WAT (week after treatment) and 4 WATs. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the endogenous melatonin content while down-regulating the flavonoid content. To be specific, the melatonin content was obviously up-regulated, while the contents of more than a dozen flavonoids were down-regulated. Auxin response genes and melatonin synthesis-related genes were regulated by the exogenous melatonin treatment. WGCNA (weighted gene coexpression network analysis) identified key salt-responsive genes; they were directly or indirectly involved in melatonin synthesis and auxin response. The synergistic effect of salt and melatonin treatment was investigated by transcriptome analysis, providing additional evidence for the stress-alleviating properties of melatonin through auxin-related pathways. The present study explored the impact of exogenous melatonin on grapevines' ability to adapt to salt stress and provided novel insights into enhancing their tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Kang SM, Adhikari A, Kwon EH, Gam HJ, Jeon JR, Woo JI, Lee IJ. Influence of N-Acetylglucosamine and Melatonin Interaction in Modeling the Photosynthetic Component and Metabolomics of Cucumber under Salinity Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2844. [PMID: 38474090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and melatonin (Mel) in agriculture could be a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and productivity, especially under challenging environmental conditions. In the current study, we treated the cucumber plant with GlcNAc and Mel solely and combinedly under salt stress (150 mM) then studied photosynthetic attributes using the transient OJIP fluorescence method. The results showed that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel significantly improved the plant morphological attributes, such as root and shoot biomass, and also improved chlorophyll and photosynthetic components. The mineral elements such as K, Mg, Ca, and P were significantly elevated, whereas a lower influx of Na was observed in GlcNAc × Mel treated cucumber shoots. A significant reduction in abscisic acid was observed, which was validated by the reduction in proline content and the increase in stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activities of antioxidants such as polyphenol and flavonoid were considerably improved, resulting in a decrease in SOD and CAT with GlcNAc × Mel treatment. In addition, GlcNAc × Mel treatment dropped levels of the toxic radical Malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated amino acids in cucumber shoots. These findings suggest that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel could be an effective elicitor for modeling plant metabolism to confer stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Gam
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ryeol Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Woo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Melatonin Use during Pregnancy and Lactation Complicated by Oxidative Stress: Focus on Offspring's Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 38397824 PMCID: PMC10886428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has emerged as a major global public health concern, posing a substantial threat to human health. Early-life exposure to oxidative stress may heighten vulnerability to the developmental programming of adult diseases, encompassing various aspects of CKM syndrome. Conversely, the initiation of adverse programming processes can potentially be thwarted through early-life antioxidant interventions. Melatonin, originally recognized for its antioxidant properties, is an endogenous hormone with diverse biological functions. While melatonin has demonstrated benefits in addressing disorders linked to oxidative stress, there has been comparatively less focus on investigating its reprogramming effects on CKM syndrome. This review consolidates the current knowledge on the role of oxidative stress during pregnancy and lactation in inducing CKM traits in offspring, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms. The multifaceted role of melatonin in regulating oxidative stress, mediating fetal programming, and preventing adverse outcomes in offspring positions it as a promising reprogramming strategy. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient information in humans, and the available evidence primarily originates from animal studies. This opens up new avenues for novel preventive intervention in CKM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Barman R, Kumar Bora P, Saikia J, Konwar P, Sarkar A, Kemprai P, Proteem Saikia S, Haldar S, Slater A, Banik D. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of pharmaceutically potential hallucinogenic metabolites in Myristicaceae, mechanistic convergence and co-evolutionary trends in plants and humans. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 218:113928. [PMID: 38035973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The family Myristicaceae harbour mind-altering phenylpropanoids like myristicin, elemicin, safrole, tryptamine derivatives such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and β-carbolines such as 1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-β-carboline and 2-methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. This study aimed to systematically review and propose the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of hallucinogenic metabolites of Myristicaceae which have the potential to be used pharmaceutically. Relevant publications were retrieved from online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Science Direct and the distribution of the hallucinogens among the family was compiled. The review revealed that the biosynthesis of serotonin in plants was catalysed by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH), whereas in invertebrates and vertebrates only by tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH). Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of DMT in plants and the brains of humans and other mammals. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of both phenylpropanoids and tryptamines in plants. All the hallucinogenic markers exhibited neuropsychiatric effects in humans as mechanistic convergence. The review noted that DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and β-carbolines were natural protectants against both plant stress and neurodegenerative human ailments. The protein sequence data of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase retrieved from NCBI showed a co-evolutionary relationship in between animals and plants on the phylogenetic framework of a Maximum Parsimony tree. The review also demonstrates that the biosynthesis of serotonin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-hydroxy dimethyltryptamine, and β-carbolines in plants, as well as endogenous secretion of these compounds in the brain and blood of humans and rodents, reflects co-evolutionary mutualism in plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Barman
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jadumoni Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Parthapratim Konwar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Aditya Sarkar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Siddhartha Proteem Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Adrian Slater
- Faculty of School of Health and Allied Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, Hawthorn Building HB1.12, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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He M, Geng G, Mei S, Wang G, Yu L, Xu Y, Wang Y. Melatonin modulates the tolerance of plants to water stress: morphological response of the molecular mechanism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23199. [PMID: 38354692 DOI: 10.1071/fp23199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Water stress (drought and waterlogging) leads to an imbalance in plant water distribution, disrupts cell homeostasis, and severely inhibits plant growth. Melatonin is a growth hormone that plants synthesise and has been shown to resist adversity in many plants. This review discusses the biosynthesis and metabolism of melatonin, as well as the changes in plant morphology and physiological mechanisms caused by the molecular defence process. Melatonin induces the expression of related genes in the process of plant photosynthesis under stress and protects the structural integrity of chloroplasts. Exogenous melatonin can maintain the dynamic balance of root ion exchange under waterlogging stress. Melatonin can repair mitochondria and alleviate damage caused by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species; and has a wide range of uses in the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of antioxidant enzyme genes. Melatonin improves the stability of membrane lipids in plant cells and maintains osmotic balance by regulating water channels. There is crosstalk between melatonin and other hormones, which jointly improve the ability of the root system to absorb water and breathe and promote plant growth. Briefly, as a multifunctional molecule, melatonin improves the tolerance of plants under water stress and promotes plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin He
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shuyang Mei
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yao Xu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; and Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150500, China; and Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Mukherjee S, Roy S, Arnao MB. Nanovehicles for melatonin: a new journey for agriculture. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:232-248. [PMID: 38123438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The important role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism together with recent advances in the potential use of nanomaterials have opened up interesting applications in agriculture. Various nanovehicles have been explored as melatonin carriers in animals, and it is now important to explore their application in plants. Recent findings have substantiated the use of silicon and chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting melatonin to plant tissues. Although melatonin is an amphipathic molecule, nanocarriers can accelerate its uptake and transport to various plant organs, thereby relieving stress and improving plant shelf-life in the post-harvest stages. We review the scope and biosafety concerns of various nanomaterials to devise novel methods for melatonin application in crops and post-harvest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, West Bengal 742213, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department for Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Tian Q, Wang G, Dou J, Niu Y, Li R, An W, Tang Z, Yu J. Melatonin Modulates Tomato Root Morphology by Regulating Key Genes and Endogenous Hormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:383. [PMID: 38337916 PMCID: PMC10857687 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In this study, we treated hydroponically grown tomato roots with various concentrations of exogenous melatonin (0, 10, 30, and 50 μmol·L-1). We utilized root scanning and microscopy to examine alterations in root morphology and cell differentiation and elucidated the mechanism by which melatonin regulates these changes through the interplay with endogenous hormones and relevant genes. The results showed that for melatonin at concentrations ranging between 10 and 30 μmol·L-1, the development of lateral roots were significantly stimulated, the root hair growth was enhanced, and biomass accumulation and root activity were increased. Furthermore, we elucidated that melatonin acts as a mediator for the expression of genes, such as SlCDKA1, SlCYCA3;1, SlARF2, SlF3H, and SlKT1, which are involved in the regulation of root morphology changes. Additionally, we observed that melatonin influences the levels of endogenous hormones, including ZT, GA3, IAA, ABA, and BR, which subsequently impact the root morphology development of tomato roots. In summary, this study shows that tomato root morphology can be promoted by the optimal concentration of exogenous melatonin (10-30 μmol·L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Jianhua Dou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Wangwang An
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.T.); (G.W.); (J.D.); (Y.N.); (R.L.); (W.A.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J, Arnao MB. Common Methods of Extraction and Determination of Phytomelatonin in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2798:161-181. [PMID: 38587742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The presence of melatonin in plants, called phytomelatonin, has gained great interest in recent years. The determination of phytomelatonin levels in plant extracts for both physiological and plant foodstuff studies requires sophisticated techniques due to the low endogenous levels of this indolic compound with hormonal nature. This chapter presents the most common and advanced techniques in the determination of phytomelatonin, with special emphasis on the techniques of extraction, cleaning, separation, detection, identification, and quantification. Multiple examples and recommendations are presented for a clear overview of the pros and cons of phytomelatonin determinations in plant tissues, seeds, and fruits, mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cano
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Liu Z, Dai H, Hao J, Li R, Pu X, Guan M, Chen Q. Current research and future directions of melatonin's role in seed germination. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:53. [PMID: 38047984 PMCID: PMC10695909 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process regulated by internal and external factors. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule, playing an important role in regulating seed germination under normal and stressful conditions. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on melatonin's effects on seed germination on the basis of existing literature. Under normal conditions, exogenous high levels of melatonin can suppress or delay seed germination, suggesting that melatonin may play a role in maintaining seed dormancy and preventing premature germination. Conversely, under stressful conditions (e.g., high salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures), melatonin has been found to accelerate seed germination. Melatonin can modulate the expression of genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism, thereby influencing the balance of these hormones and affecting the ABA/GA ratio. Melatonin has been shown to modulate ROS accumulation and nutrient mobilization, which can impact the germination process. In conclusion, melatonin can inhibit germination under normal conditions while promoting germination under stressful conditions via regulating the ABA/GA ratios, ROS levels, and metabolic enzyme activity. Further research in this area will deepen our understanding of melatonin's intricate role in seed germination and may contribute to the development of improved seed treatments and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hengrui Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinjiang Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojun Pu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao Guan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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21
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Talaat NB. Drought Stress Alleviator Melatonin Reconfigures Water-Stressed Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants' Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Capacity, and Endogenous Phytohormone Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16228. [PMID: 38003420 PMCID: PMC10671378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of crops is severely limited by water scarcity. We still do not fully understand the underlying mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT)-mediated water stress tolerance in barley. This study is the first of its kind to show how MT can potentially mitigate changes in barley's physio-biochemical parameters caused by water deficiency. Barley was grown under three irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% of field capacity) and was foliar sprayed with 70 μM MT. The results showed that exogenously applied MT protected the photosynthetic apparatus by improving photosynthetic pigment content, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, gas exchange capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence system, and membrane stability index. Furthermore, the increased levels of salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, melatonin, and indole-3-acetic acid, as well as a decrease in abscisic acid, indicated that foliar-applied MT greatly improved barley water stress tolerance. Additionally, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase and decreasing hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage, MT application lessened water stress-induced oxidative stress. According to the newly discovered data, MT application improves barley water stress tolerance by reprogramming endogenous plant hormone production and antioxidant activity, which enhances membrane stability and photosynthesis. This study unraveled MT's crucial role in water deficiency mitigation, which can thus be applied to water stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen B Talaat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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22
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Slominski AT, Kim TK, Slominski RM, Song Y, Qayyum S, Placha W, Janjetovic Z, Kleszczyński K, Atigadda V, Song Y, Raman C, Elferink CJ, Hobrath JV, Jetten AM, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and Its Metabolites Can Serve as Agonists on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15496. [PMID: 37895177 PMCID: PMC10607054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is widely present in Nature. It has pleiotropic activities, in part mediated by interactions with high-affinity G-protein-coupled melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) receptors or under extreme conditions, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion. In pharmacological concentrations, it is given to counteract the massive damage caused by MT1- and MT2-independent mechanisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a perfect candidate for mediating the latter effects because melatonin has structural similarity to its natural ligands, including tryptophan metabolites and indolic compounds. Using a cell-based Human AhR Reporter Assay System, we demonstrated that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites act as agonists on the AhR with EC50's between 10-4 and 10-6 M. This was further validated via the stimulation of the transcriptional activation of the CYP1A1 promoter. Furthermore, melatonin and its metabolites stimulated AhR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human keratinocytes, as demonstrated by ImageStream II cytometry and Western blot (WB) analyses of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of human keratinocytes. These functional analyses are supported by in silico analyses. We also investigated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ as a potential target for melatonin and metabolites bioregulation. The binding studies using a TR-TFRET kit to assay the interaction of the ligand with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the PPARγ showed agonistic activities of melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine with EC50's in the 10-4 M range showing significantly lower affinities that those of rosiglitazone, e.g., a 10-8 M range. These interactions were substantiated by stimulation of the luciferase activity of the construct containing PPARE by melatonin and its metabolites at 10-4 M. As confirmed by the functional assays, binding mode predictions using a homology model of the AhR and a crystal structure of the PPARγ suggest that melatonin and its metabolites, including 6-hydroxymelatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine and N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, are excellent candidates to act on the AhR and PPARγ with docking scores comparable to their corresponding natural ligands. Melatonin and its metabolites were modeled into the same ligand-binding pockets (LBDs) as their natural ligands. Thus, functional assays supported by molecular modeling have shown that melatonin and its indolic and kynuric metabolites can act as agonists on the AhR and they can interact with the PPARγ at high concentrations. This provides a mechanistic explanation for previously reported cytoprotective actions of melatonin and its metabolites that require high local concentrations of the ligands to reduce cellular damage under elevated oxidative stress conditions. It also identifies these compounds as therapeutic agents to be used at pharmacological doses in the prevention or therapy of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shariq Qayyum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
- Brigham’s Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Placha
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48161 Münster, Germany;
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Q.); (Z.J.); (V.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Cornelis J. Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 79567, USA;
| | | | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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23
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Yin Y, Wang C, Cheng C, Yang Z, Fang W. Exogenous methyl jasmonate promotes the biosynthesis of endogenous melatonin in mustard sprouts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108055. [PMID: 37751654 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects regulating melatonin (MT) biosynthesis under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment in mustard sprouts. The results revealed that MeJA significantly increased the MT content in the sprouts to 11.43 times that of the control. However, MeJA treatment had an inhibitory effect on growth. Tryptophan decarboxylase and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase gene expression were significantly induced by MeJA. Moreover, 156 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were detected in 4-day-old sprouts using quantitative proteomic methods. These DAPs were divided into 13 functional groups, and the vast majority of DAPs involved in defense/stress, energy, signal transduction, and secondary metabolism increased. MeJA treatment significantly enriched 15 pathways, including glutathione metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and tryptophan metabolism. In particular, the abundance of three DAPs (myrosinase 1, cytosolic sulfotransferase 16, and glutamate-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2) in the tryptophan metabolism pathway, a substrate for MT biosynthesis, increased significantly. In summary, MeJA induces endogenous MT biosynthesis in mustard sprouts by promoting the genes expression of MT synthetase and increasing the abundance of tryptophan-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ali M, Pan Y, Liu H, Cheng Z. Melatonin interaction with abscisic acid in the regulation of abiotic stress in Solanaceae family plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271137. [PMID: 37767290 PMCID: PMC10520282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous vegetable crops are cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, they often confront diverse abiotic stresses that significantly impair their growth, yield, and overall quality. This review delves into melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and their roles in abiotic stress responses. It closely examines the intricate interplay between melatonin and ABA in managing stress within plants, revealing both collaborative and antagonistic effects and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. Melatonin and ABA mutually influence each other's synthesis, metabolism and that of other plant hormones, a key focus of this study. The study highlights melatonin's role in aiding stress management through ABA-dependent pathways and key genes in the melatonin-ABA interaction. Specifically, melatonin downregulates ABA synthesis genes and upregulates catabolism genes, leading to reduced ABA levels. It also directly scavenges H2O2, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby underscoring their collaborative role in mediating stress responses. Moreover, the interplay between melatonin and ABA plays an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, including stomatal behaviors, wax accumulation, delay leaf senescence, seed germination, and seedlings growth, among others. Recognizing these relationships in Solanaceae vegetable crops holds great importance for improving agricultural practices and crop quality. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the melatonin and ABA interplay, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and breeders dedicated to fortifying crop resilience and productivity within challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Jiang W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang S, Yang X, Liu M, Zhang Y. Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5525. [PMID: 37684283 PMCID: PMC10491657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. Enrichment of tomato fruit with melatonin not only enhances its agronomic traits but also provides extra health benefits. In this study, we elucidate the full melatonin biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit by identifying biosynthesis-related genes that encode caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 2 (SlCOMT2) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-methyltransferases 5/7 (SlASMT5/7). We further reveal that red light supplementation significantly enhances the melatonin content in tomato fruit. This induction relies on the "serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin" biosynthesis route via the SlphyB2-SlPIF4-SlCOMT2 module. Based on the regulatory mechanism, we design a gene-editing strategy to target the binding motif of SlPIF4 in the promoter of SlCOMT2, which significantly enhances the production of melatonin in tomato fruit. Our study provides a good example of how the understanding of plant metabolic pathways responding to environmental factors can guide the engineering of health-promoting foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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26
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Zhou C, Zhang J, Miao P, Dong Q, Lin Y, Li D, Pan C. Novel Finding on How Melatonin and Nanoselenium Alleviate 2,4-D Butylate Stress in Wheat Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12943-12957. [PMID: 37622422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoselenium (nano-Se) or melatonin (MT) foliar spray reduces pesticide stress by stimulating plant secondary metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, the effects of nano-Se and MT biofortification on the interaction between plant secondary metabolic pathways and rhizosphere microbes in mitigating 2,4-D butyrate stress remain unknown. Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the MDA (25.0%) and H2O2 (39.3%) contents with 2,4-D butylate exposure. Importantly, they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels. It also improved the beneficial microbial abundance of Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, nano-Se and MT alleviate 2,4-D butylate stress in wheat plants by enabling the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances, and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peijuan Miao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qinyong Dong
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Lin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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27
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Karumannil S, Khan TA, Kappachery S, Gururani MA. Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2948. [PMID: 37631160 PMCID: PMC10458501 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low and high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, and irradiation. The cumulative impact of these stresses leads to a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared mechanism of toxicity induced by all these abiotic stimuli in plants, resulting in oxidative damage and membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role of melatonin in plants, where it serves as both a growth regulator, fostering growth and development, and a potent protector against abiotic stresses. The inherent potential of melatonin to function as a natural antioxidant positions it as a promising biostimulant for agricultural use, bolstering plants' abilities to withstand a wide array of environmental challenges. Beyond its antioxidant properties, melatonin has demonstrated its capacity to regulate the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances its appeal as a versatile chemical agent that can be exogenously applied to plants, particularly in adverse conditions, to improve their resilience and optimize photosynthetic efficiency in every phase of the plant life cycle. An examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress-protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the photosynthetic machinery of plants under various abiotic stresses is presented in this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed for developing stress-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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28
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Dey S, Biswas A, Deng Y, Birhanie ZM, Wentao C, Li D. Exogenous melatonin enhances low-temperature stress of jute seedlings through modulation of photosynthesis and antioxidant potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19125. [PMID: 37636352 PMCID: PMC10457540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new varieties of natural fibers that can grow throughout the year is very crucial to replace and avoid the bad effect of synthetic fiber. As a result of its beneficial role in protecting plants from abiotic stressors, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has gained recognition as a novel plant growth regulator. This study aimed to investigates the role of exogenous melatonin (200 μM) on two varieties of Corchorous olitorius and Corchorous capsularis in response to low-temperature stress (8 °C) for different periods of treatment (0, 24, 36, and 48 h) based on biochemical properties, and antioxidant system. The results demonstrated that exogenous melatonin had inhibitory effects of low-temperature stress on seedlings at different period of treatment when compared to non-melatonin treated seedlings, potentially improved photosynthetic apparatus (total chlorophyll up to 29.93 and 33.37%; total carotenoid up to 29.93 and 19.05%; anthocyanin up to 40.47 and 31.94% in M33 and Y49, respectively), reduced oxidative damage (MDA up to 53.59 and 44.28%; H2O2 up to 41.04 and 16.88% in M33 and Y49, respectively) by boosting the antioxidant enzymes (SOD up to 12.75 and 4.65%; POD up to 39.08 and 81.39%; total phenolic up to 43.38 and 56.48% in M33 and Y49, respectively) reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) up to 15.37 and 13.64% in M33 and Y49, respectively) and increased osmoregulation (soluble sugars up to 25.86 and 25.86%; proline up to 105.19 and 172.07%; FAA up to 48.50 and 30.06% in M33 and Y49, respectively) content. Thus, this study showed that exogenous melatonin effectively mitigated the low-temperature-induced oxidative in C. olitorius and C. capsularis seedlings by regulating the antioxidant system and improving the low-temperature resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Yong Deng
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Ziggiju Mesenbet Birhanie
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Chen Wentao
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Defang Li
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Lab., Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
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29
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Bajguz A, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Biosynthetic Pathways of Hormones in Plants. Metabolites 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37623827 PMCID: PMC10456939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones exhibit a wide range of chemical structures, though they primarily originate from three key metabolic precursors: amino acids, isoprenoids, and lipids. Specific amino acids, such as tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, and arginine, contribute to the production of various phytohormones, including auxins, melatonin, ethylene, salicylic acid, and polyamines. Isoprenoids are the foundation of five phytohormone categories: cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. Furthermore, lipids, i.e., α-linolenic acid, function as a precursor for jasmonic acid. The biosynthesis routes of these different plant hormones are intricately complex. Understanding of these processes can greatly enhance our knowledge of how these hormones regulate plant growth, development, and physiology. This review focuses on detailing the biosynthetic pathways of phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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30
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Arabia A, Muñoz P, Pallarés N, Munné-Bosch S. Experimental approaches in studying active biomolecules modulating fruit ripening: Melatonin as a case study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1747-1767. [PMID: 36805997 PMCID: PMC10315297 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are naturally occurring small organic molecules found at low concentrations in plants. They perform essential functions in growth and developmental processes, from organ initiation to senescence, including fruit ripening. These regulatory molecules are studied using different experimental approaches, such as performing exogenous applications, evaluating endogenous levels, and/or obtaining genetically modified lines. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitations of current experimental approaches used to study active biomolecules modulating fruit ripening, focusing on melatonin. Although melatonin has been implicated in fruit ripening in several model fruit crops, current knowledge is affected by the different experimental approaches used, which have given different and sometimes even contradictory results. The methods of application and the doses used have produced different results in studies based on exogenous applications, while different measurement methods and ways of expressing results explain most of the variability in studies using correlative analyses. Furthermore, studies on genetically modified crops have focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants only. However, TILLING and CRISPR methodologies are becoming essential tools to complement the results from the experimental approaches described above. This will not only help the scientific community better understand the role of melatonin in modulating fruit ripening, but it will also help develop technological advances to improve fruit yield and quality in major crops. The combination of various experimental approaches will undoubtedly lead to a complete understanding of the function of melatonin in fruit ripening in the near future, so that this knowledge can be effectively transferred to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arabia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Pallarés
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Khan MSS, Ahmed S, Ikram AU, Hannan F, Yasin MU, Wang J, Zhao B, Islam F, Chen J. Phytomelatonin: A key regulator of redox and phytohormones signaling against biotic/abiotic stresses. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102805. [PMID: 37406579 PMCID: PMC10363481 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants being sessile in nature, are exposed to unwarranted threats as a result of constantly changing environmental conditions. These adverse factors can have negative impacts on their growth, development, and yield. Hormones are key signaling molecules enabling cells to respond rapidly to different external and internal stimuli. In plants, melatonin (MT) plays a critical role in the integration of various environmental signals and activation of stress-response networks to develop defense mechanisms and plant resilience. Additionally, melatonin can tackle the stress-induced alteration of cellular redox equilibrium by regulating the expression of redox hemostasis-related genes and proteins. The purpose of this article is to compile and summarize the scientific research pertaining to MT's effects on plants' resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we have summarized that MT exerts a synergistic effect with other phytohormones, for instance, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, and activates plant defense-related genes against phytopathogens. Furthermore, MT interacts with secondary messengers like Ca2+, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species to regulate the redox network. This interaction triggers different transcription factors to alleviate stress-related responses in plants. Hence, the critical synergic role of MT with diverse plant hormones and secondary messengers demonstrates phytomelatonin's importance in influencing multiple mechanisms to contribute to plant resilience against harsh environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulaiman Ahmed
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Yasin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biying Zhao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Maldonado MD, Romero-Aibar J, Calvo JR. The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3738-3747. [PMID: 36004527 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Beer is a fermented beverage with a low alcohol content originating from cereal fermentation (barley or wheat). It forms part of the diet for many people. It contains melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Melatonin is a molecule with a wide range of antioxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective properties. The aim of this work was to review the data supporting the idea that a moderate consumption of beer, because of its melatonin content, is particularly useful in healthy diets and in other physiological situations (such as pregnancy, menopause, and old age). Data source: a) The MEDLINE /PubMed search was conducted from 1975 to April 2022, and b) Our own experience and published studies on melatonin, the immune system, and beer. We provide a review of research on the mechanisms of melatonin generation in beer, its concentrations, and its possible effects on health. The melatonin contained in beer, as part of a healthy diet and in some special physiological situations, could act as a protective factor and improve the quality of life of those who drink it in moderation. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- MDolores Maldonado
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jerusa Romero-Aibar
- Superior Laboratory Technician, National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences of Tenerife, Madrid, Spain
| | - JRamón Calvo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Sevilla, Spain
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Wei H, Wang J, Wang Q, He W, Liao S, Huang J, Hu W, Tang M, Chen H. Role of melatonin in enhancing arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and mitigating cold stress in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123632. [PMID: 37283923 PMCID: PMC10239815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biomolecule that affects plant development and is involved in protecting plants from environmental stress. However, the mechanisms of melatonin's impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and cold tolerance in plants are still unclear. In this research, AM fungi inoculation and exogenous melatonin (MT) were applied to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seedlings alone or in combination to investigate their effect on cold tolerance. The study was conducted in two parts. The initial trial examined two variables, AM inoculation, and cold stress, to investigate the involvement of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in endogenous melatonin accumulation and the transcriptional levels of its synthesis genes in the root system of perennial ryegrass under cold stress. The subsequent trial was designed as a three-factor analysis, encompassing AM inoculation, cold stress, and melatonin application, to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin application on plant growth, AM symbiosis, antioxidant activity, and protective molecules in perennial ryegrass subjected to cold stress. The results of the study showed that compared to non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants, cold stress promoted an increase in the accumulation of melatonin in the AM-colonized counterparts. Acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) catalyzed the final enzymatic reaction in melatonin production. Melatonin accumulation was associated with the level of expression of the genes, LpASMT1 and LpASMT3. Treatment with melatonin can improve the colonization of AM fungi in plants. Simultaneous utilization of AM inoculation and melatonin treatment enhanced the growth, antioxidant activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, while simultaneously reducing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and altering osmotic regulation in the roots. These effects are expected to aid in the mitigation of cold stress in Lolium perenne. Overall, melatonin treatment would help Lolium perenne to improve growth by promoting AM symbiosis, improving the accumulation of protective molecules, and triggering in antioxidant activity under cold stress.
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Ma Z, Yang K, Wang J, Ma J, Yao L, Si E, Li B, Ma X, Shang X, Meng Y, Wang H. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Barley Roots of Different Genotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37408231 PMCID: PMC10217165 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and in the response to various abiotic stresses. However, its role in the responses of barley to low phosphorus (LP) stress remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the root phenotypes and metabolic patterns of LP-tolerant (GN121) and LP-sensitive (GN42) barley genotypes under normal P, LP, and LP with exogenous melatonin (30 μM) conditions. We found that melatonin improved barley tolerance to LP mainly by increasing root length. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, organooxygen compounds, benzene and substituted derivatives were involved in the LP stress response of barley roots, while melatonin mainly regulated indoles and derivatives, organooxygen compounds, and glycerophospholipids to alleviate LP stress. Interestingly, exogenous melatonin showed different metabolic patterns in different genotypes of barley in response to LP stress. In GN42, exogenous melatonin mainly promotes hormone-mediated root growth and increases antioxidant capacity to cope with LP damage, while in GN121, it mainly promotes the P remobilization to supplement phosphate in roots. Our study revealed the protective mechanisms of exogenous MT in alleviating LP stress of different genotypes of barley, which can be used in the production of phosphorus-deficient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengke Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baochun Li
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Sakouhi L, Kadri O, Werghi S, Massoud MB, Kharbech O, Murata Y, Chaoui A. Seed pretreatment with melatonin confers cadmium tolerance to chickpea seedlings through cellular redox homeostasis and antioxidant gene expression improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27562-5. [PMID: 37191750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several phytoremediation strategies have been undertaken to alleviate cadmium (Cd)-mediated injury to crop yield resulting from agricultural land pollution. In the present study, the potentially beneficial effect of melatonin (Me) was appraised. Therefore, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds were imbibed for 12 H in distilled water or Me (10 µM) solution. Then, the seeds germinated in the presence or the absence of 200 µM CdCl2 for 6 days. Seedlings obtained from Me-pretreated seeds exhibited enhanced growth traits, reflected by fresh biomass and length increase. This beneficial effect was associated with a decreased Cd accumulation in seedling tissues (by 46 and 89% in roots and shoots, respectively). Besides, Me efficiently protected the cell membrane integrity of Cd-subjected seedlings. This protective effect was manifested by the decreased lipoxygenase activity and the subsequently reduced accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Melatonin counteracted the Cd-mediated stimulation of the pro-oxidant NADPH-oxidase (90 and 45% decrease compared to non-pretreated Cd-stressed roots and shoots, respectively) and NADH-oxidase activities (almost 40% decrease compared to non-pretreated roots and shoots), preventing, thus, hydrogen peroxide overaccumulation (50 and 35% lesser than non-pretreated roots and shoots, respectively). Furthermore, Me enhanced the cellular content of pyridine nicotinamide reduced forms [NAD(P)H] and their redox state. This effect was associated with the Me-mediated stimulation of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malate dehydrogenase activities, concomitantly with the inhibition of NAD(P)H-consuming activities. These effects were accompanied by the up-regulation of G6PDH gene expression (45% increase in roots) and the down-regulation of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F (RBOHF) gene expression (53% decrease in roots and shoots). Likewise, Me induced an increased activity and gene transcription of the Asada-Halliwell cycle, namely ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, concomitantly with a reduction of the glutathione peroxidase activity. This modulating effect led to the restoration of the redox homeostasis of the ascorbate and the glutathione pools. Overall, current results attest that seed pretreatment with Me is effective in Cd stress relief and can be a beneficial crop-protective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sakouhi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Oumayma Kadri
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sirine Werghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Ben Massoud
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23N73K, Ireland
| | - Oussama Kharbech
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Tang KS, Ho CY, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Melatonin and Kidney Health: From Fetal Stage to Later Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098105. [PMID: 37175813 PMCID: PMC10179476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous hormone mainly released at night by the pineal gland, has multifaceted biofunctions. Emerging evidence points to melatonin having a crucial role in kidney health and disease. As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still rising, a superior strategy to advance global kidney health is needed to not just treat CKD, but prevent it early on. Adult kidney disease can have its origins in early life. This review aims to evaluate the recent literature regarding melatonin's effect on kidney development, its clinical uses in the early stage of life, animal models documenting preventive applications of melatonin on offspring's kidney-related disease, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital-Under the Management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Colombage R, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Melatonin and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7447. [PMID: 37108609 PMCID: PMC10138880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing food demand by the growing human population and declining crop productivity due to climate change affect global food security. To meet the challenges, developing improved crops that can tolerate abiotic stresses is a priority. Melatonin in plants, also known as phytomelatonin, is an active component of the various cellular mechanisms that alleviates oxidative damage in plants, hence supporting the plant to survive abiotic stress conditions. Exogenous melatonin strengthens this defence mechanism by enhancing the detoxification of reactive by-products, promoting physiological activities, and upregulating stress-responsive genes to alleviate damage during abiotic stress. In addition to its well-known antioxidant activity, melatonin protects against abiotic stress by regulating plant hormones, activating ER stress-responsive genes, and increasing protein homoeostasis, heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins. Under abiotic stress, melatonin enhances the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and autophagy, which ultimately protect cells from programmed cell death and promotes cell repair resulting in increased plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.C.); (M.B.S.)
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Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Domínguez-Perles R, Medina S. Winery By-Products as Sources of Bioactive Tryptophan, Serotonin, and Melatonin: Contributions to the Antioxidant Power. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081571. [PMID: 37107366 PMCID: PMC10137535 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The amino acid tryptophan and its derived molecules serotonin and melatonin are involved in a wide range of physiological functions that contribute significantly to human health, namely antioxidant, immune-active, and neurological properties. Grapes and wine are a source of these compounds, but their presence in wine by-products remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this work was the identification and quantification of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin in winery by-products (grape stems, grape pomace, and wine lees) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and mass spectrometer with triple-quadrupole technology (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS), as well as the evaluation of the extracts obtained (by applying specific extraction conditions for each of them) for their antioxidant and reducing capacity (by three different and complementary methods: FRAP, ABTS•+, and ORAC). Furthermore, correlation analyses were developed to establish the contribution of the different analytes to the total antioxidant activity. The main results obtained pointed out grape stems as the by-product with the highest tryptophan content (96.28 mg/kg dw) and antioxidant capacity (142.86, 166.72, and 363.24 mmol TE/kg dw, FRAP, ABTS•+, and ORAC, respectively), while serotonin and melatonin were the predominant derivatives in grape pomace (0.086 and 0.902 µg/kg dw, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of the standards was also analysed at the concentrations found in the matrices studied. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of the pure tryptophan standard and the antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, r2 = 0.891 at p < 0.001 (***); FRAP, r2 = 0.885 at p < 0.01 (**); and ORAC, r2 = 0.854 at p < 0.01 (**)). According to these results, winery by-products can be highlighted as valuable materials to be used as novel ingredients containing tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin, while tryptophan was identified as the most relevant contributor (out of phenolic compounds) to the antioxidant capacity exhibited by wine by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Zhao H, Ge Z, Zhou M, Zeng H, Wei Y, Liu G, Yan Y, Reiter RJ, He C, Shi H. Histone deacetylase 9 regulates disease resistance through fine-tuning histone deacetylation of melatonin biosynthetic genes and melatonin accumulation in cassava. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12861. [PMID: 36750349 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin participates in plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Histone acetylation regulates many plant biological processes via transcriptional reprogramming. However, the direct relationship between melatonin and histone acetylation in plant disease resistance remains unclear. In this study, we identified cassava bacterial blight (CBB) responsive histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9), which negatively regulated disease resistance to CBB by reducing melatonin content. In addition, exogenous melatonin alleviated disease sensitivity of MeHDA9 overexpressed plants to CBB. Importantly, MeHDA9 inhibited the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes through decreasing lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5) acetylation at the promoter regions of melatonin biosynthetic genes, thereby modulating melatonin accumulation in cassava. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2C 12 (MePP2C12) interacted with MeHDA9 in vivo and in vitro, and it was involved in MeHDA9-mediated disease resistance via melatonin biosynthetic pathway. In summary, this study highlights the direct interaction between histone deacetylation and melatonin biosynthetic genes in cassava disease resistance via histone deacetylation, providing new insights into the genetic improvement of disease resistance via epigenetic regulation of melatonin level in tropical crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chaozu He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute-College of Tropical Crops, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya and Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
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Khan D, Cai N, Zhu W, Li L, Guan M, Pu X, Chen Q. The role of phytomelatonin receptor 1-mediated signaling in plant growth and stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142753. [PMID: 36968396 PMCID: PMC10036441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that regulates plant growth, development, and stress response. In plant cells, phytomelatonin is synthesized from tryptophan via several consecutive steps that are catalyzed by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) and/or caffeic acid-3-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Recently, the identification of the phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 in Arabidopsis has been considered a turning point in plant research, with the function and signal of phytomelatonin emerging as a receptor-based regulatory strategy. In addition, PMTR1 homologs have been identified in several plant species and have been found to regulate seed germination and seedling growth, stomatal closure, leaf senescence, and several stress responses. In this article, we review the recent evidence in our understanding of the PMTR1-mediated regulatory pathways in phytomelatonin signaling under environmental stimuli. Based on structural comparison of the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) in human and PMTR1 homologs, we propose that the similarity in the three-dimensional structure of the melatonin receptors probably represents a convergent evolution of melatonin recognition in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaojun Pu
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Pu, ; ; Qi Chen, ;
| | - Qi Chen
- *Correspondence: Xiaojun Pu, ; ; Qi Chen, ;
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Huang J, Jing HK, Zhang Y, Chen SY, Wang HY, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Lu YH, Zheng QS, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Melatonin reduces cadmium accumulation via mediating the nitric oxide accumulation and increasing the cell wall fixation capacity of cadmium in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130529. [PMID: 37055957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is participated in plants' response to cadmium (Cd) tolerance, although its work model remains elusive. Here, the function of MT in adjusting Cd accumulation in rice was investigated. 'Nipponbare' (Nip) was cultured in the -Cd (1/2 Kimura B), -Cd + MT (1/2 Kimura B with 1 μM MT), +Cd (1/2 Kimura B plus 1 μM Cd) and +Cd + MT (1/2 Kimura B with 1 μM Cd and 1 μM MT) nutrient solutions for 7 d. Cd markedly induced the endogenous MT accumulation in rice roots and shoots, even within 1 h. MT applied exogenously elevated the hemicelluloses level, which in turn increased the cell wall's binding capacity to Cd. Furthermore, MT applied exogenously down-regulated the transcription level of Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (OsNRAMP1), OsNRAMP5, a major facilitator superfamily gene (OsCd1), and IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (OsIRT1), all of which were responsible for Cd intake, thus less Cd was entered into roots. Moreover, MT applied exogenously also up-regulated transcription level of Cadmium accumulation in Leaf 1 (OsCAL1) and Heavy Metal ATPase 3 (OsHMA3), two genes both attributed to the decreased Cd accumulation in shoots through expelling Cd out of cells and chelating Cd in the vacuoles, respectively. In addition, MT applied exogenously further aggravated the production of nitric oxide (NO) that induced by Cd, while application of a NO donor-SNP mimicked this alleviatory effect of the MT, indicating MT decreased rice Cd accumulation relied on the accumulation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si Yuan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Song Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Yin H, Liu W, Hu X, Li D, Lan C, Gao L, He Z, Cui F, Fernie AR, Chen W. The pathway of melatonin biosynthesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12841. [PMID: 36396897 PMCID: PMC10078269 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In plants, the biosynthesis of Mel from tryptophan (Trp) has been delineated to comprise of four consecutive reactions. However, while the genes encoding these enzymes in rice are well characterized no systematic evaluation of the overall pathway has, as yet, been published for wheat. In the current study, the relative contents of six Mel-pathway-intermediates including Trp, tryptamine (Trm), serotonin (Ser), 5-methoxy tryptamine (5M-Trm), N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) and Mel, were determined in 24 independent tissues spanning the lifetime of wheat. These studies indicated that Trp was the most abundant among the six metabolites, followed by Trm and Ser. Next, the candidate genes expressing key enzymes involved in the Mel pathway were explored by means of metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS), wherein two TDC genes, a T5H gene and one SNAT gene were identified as being important for the accumulation of Mel pathway metabolites. Moreover, a 463-bp insertion within the T5H gene was discovered that may be responsible for variation in Ser content. Finally, a ASMT gene was found via sequence alignment against its rice homolog. Validations of these candidate genes were performed by in vitro enzymatic reactions using proteins purified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, transient gene expression in tobacco, and transgenic approaches in wheat. Our results thus provide the first comprehensive investigation into the Mel pathway metabolites, and a swift candidate gene identification via forward-genetics strategies, in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanran Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Cui
- Wheat Molecular Breeding Innovation Research Group, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Reiter RJ, Ahmad P. Phytomelatonin: A master regulator for plant oxidative stress management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:260-269. [PMID: 36731287 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is the multifunctional molecule that governs a range of developmental processes in plants subjected to a plethora of environmental cues. It acts as an antioxidant molecule to regulate the oxidative burst through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Moreover, it also activates stress-responsive genes followed by alleviating oxidation. Phytomelatonin also stimulates antioxidant enzymes that further regulate redox homeostasis in plants under adverse conditions. This multifunctional molecule also regulates different physiological processes of plants in terms of leaf senescence, seed germination, lateral root growth, photosynthesis, etc. Due to its versatile nature, it is regarded as a master regulator of plant cell physiology and it holds a crucial position in molecular signaling as well. Phytomelatonin mediated oxidative stress management occurs through a series of antioxidative defense systems, both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic, along with the formation of an array of secondary defensive metabolites that counteract the stresses. These phytomelatonin-derived antioxidants reduce the lipid peroxidation and improve membrane integrity of the cells subjected to stress. Here in, the data from transcriptomic and omics approaches are summarized which help to identify the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress management. Further, we also recap the signaling cascade underlying phytomelatonin interactions with both ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)and their crosstalk. The discoveries related to phytomelatonin have shown that this regulatory master molecule is critical for plant cell physiology. The current review is focussed the role of phytomelatonin as a multifunctional molecule in plant stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Ahmad I, Song X, Hussein Ibrahim ME, Jamal Y, Younas MU, Zhu G, Zhou G, Adam Ali AY. The role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism, and its interplay with nitric oxide and auxin in plants under different types of abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108507. [PMID: 36866369 PMCID: PMC9971941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that reduces the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, and enhances the growth and physiological function of many plant species. Several recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin in plant functions, specifically its regulation of crop growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of melatonin, which regulates crop growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions, is not yet available. This review focuses on the progress of research on the biosynthesis, distribution, and metabolism of melatonin, and its multiple complex functions in plants and its role in the mechanisms of metabolism regulation in plants grown under abiotic stresses. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of melatonin in the enhancement of plant growth and regulation of crop yield, and elucidated its interactions with nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) when plants are grown under various abiotic stresses. The present review revealed that the endogenousapplication of melatonin to plants, and its interactions with NO and IAA, enhanced plant growth and yield under various abiotic stresses. The interaction of melatonin with NO regulated plant morphophysiological and biochemical activities, mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor and synthesis genes. The interaction of melatonin with IAA enhanced plant growth and physiological function by increasing the levels of IAA, synthesis, and polar transport. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of melatonin under various abiotic stresses, and, therefore, further explicate the mechanisms that plant hormones use to regulate plant growth and yield under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muhi Eldeen Hussein Ibrahim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Area, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, China
| | - Yousaf Jamal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Adam Yousif Adam Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Gadarif, Al Gadarif, Sudan
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Ahmad R, Manzoor M, Muhammad HMD, Altaf MA, Shakoor A. Exogenous Melatonin Spray Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Zizyphus Germplasm: A Brief Theory. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020493. [PMID: 36836849 PMCID: PMC9958626 DOI: 10.3390/life13020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit orchards are frequently irrigated with brackish water. Irrigation with poor quality water is also a major cause of salt accumulation in soil. An excess of salts results in stunted growth, poor yield, inferior quality and low nutritional properties. Melatonin is a low molecular weight protein that shows multifunctional, regulatory and pleiotropic behavior in the plant kingdom. Recently, its discovery brought a great revolution in sustainable fruit production under salinity-induced environments. Melatonin contributed to enhanced tolerance in Zizyphus fruit species by improving the plant defense system's potential to cope with the adverse effects of salinity. The supplemental application of melatonin has improved the generation of antioxidant assays and osmolytes involved in the scavenging of toxic ROS. The tolerance level of the germplasm is chiefly based on the activation of the defense system against the adverse effects of salinity. The current study explored the contribution of melatonin against salinity stress and provides information regarding which biochemical mechanism can be effective and utilized for the development of salt-tolerant germplasm in Zizyphus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Meryam Manzoor
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Awais Shakoor
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland
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Hernández-Ruiz J, Giraldo-Acosta M, El Mihyaoui A, Cano A, Arnao MB. Melatonin as a Possible Natural Anti-Viral Compound in Plant Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:781. [PMID: 36840129 PMCID: PMC9961163 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional and ubiquitous molecule. In animals, melatonin is a hormone that is involved in a wide range of physiological activities and is also an excellent antioxidant. In plants, it has been considered a master regulator of multiple physiological processes as well as of hormonal homeostasis. Likewise, it is known for its role as a protective biomolecule and activator of tolerance and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Since infections by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses in crops result in large economic losses, interest has been aroused in determining whether melatonin plays a relevant role in plant defense systems against pathogens in general, and against viruses in particular. Currently, several strategies have been applied to combat infection by pathogens, one of them is the use of eco-friendly chemical compounds that induce systemic resistance. Few studies have addressed the use of melatonin as a biocontrol agent for plant diseases caused by viruses. Exogenous melatonin treatments have been used to reduce the incidence of several virus diseases, reducing symptoms, virus titer, and even eradicating the proliferation of viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Apple Stem Grooving Virus, Rice Stripe Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in tomato, apple, rice and eggplant, respectively. The possibilities of using melatonin as a possible natural virus biocontrol agent are discussed.
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Aghdam MS, Mukherjee S, Flores FB, Arnao MB, Luo Z, Corpas FJ. Functions of Melatonin during Postharvest of Horticultural Crops. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1764-1786. [PMID: 34910215 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a tryptophan-derived molecule, is endogenously generated in animal, plant, fungal and prokaryotic cells. Given its antioxidant properties, it is involved in a myriad of signaling functions associated with various aspects of plant growth and development. In higher plants, melatonin (Mel) interacts with plant regulators such as phytohormones, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It shows great potential as a biotechnological tool to alleviate biotic and abiotic stress, to delay senescence and to conserve the sensory and nutritional quality of postharvest horticultural products which are of considerable economic importance worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry of Mel, whose endogenous induction and exogenous application can play an important biotechnological role in enhancing the marketability and hence earnings from postharvest horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 742213, India
| | - Francisco Borja Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda, 1, Granada 18008, Spain
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Laborda P, Yang Y, Liu F. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Gene, xoSNAT3, from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1865. [PMID: 36767232 PMCID: PMC9914633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the top ten bacterial plant diseases worldwide. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is one of the key rate-limiting enzymes in melatonin (MT) biosynthesis. However, its function in pathogenic bacteria remains unclear. In this study, a Xoo SNAT protein (xoSNAT3) that showed 27.39% homology with sheep SNAT was identified from a collection of 24 members of GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily in Xoo. This xoSNAT3 could be induced by MT. In tobacco-based transient expression system, xoSNAT3 was found localized on mitochondria. In vitro studies indicated that xoSNAT3 showed the optima enzymatic activity at 50 °C. The recombinant enzyme showed Km and Vmax values of 709.98 μM and 2.21 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Mutant △xoSNAT3 showed greater impaired MT biosynthesis than the wild-type strain. Additionally, △xoSNAT3 showed 14.06% less virulence and 26.07% less biofilm formation. Collectively, our results indicated that xoSNAT3 services as a SNAT involved in MT biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
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Kwon EH, Adhikari A, Imran M, Lee DS, Lee CY, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Exogenous SA Applications Alleviate Salinity Stress via Physiological and Biochemical changes in St John's Wort Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:310. [PMID: 36679023 PMCID: PMC9861905 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant St. John's wort contains high levels of melatonin, an important biochemical that has both beneficial and adverse effects on stress. Therefore, a method for increasing melatonin levels in plants without adversely affecting their growth is economically important. In this study, we investigated the regulation of melatonin levels in St. John's wort by exposing samples to salinity stress (150 mM) and salicylic acid (0.25 mM) to augment stress tolerance. The results indicated that salinity stress significantly reduced the plant chlorophyll content and damaged the photosystem, plant growth and development. Additionally, these were reconfirmed with biochemical indicators; the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline were increased and the activities of antioxidants were reduced. However, a significant increase was found in melatonin content under salinity stress through upregulation in the relative expression of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). The salicylic acid (SA) treatment considerably improved their photosynthetic activity, the maximum photochemical quantum yield (133%), the potential activity of PSⅡ (294%), and the performance index of electron flux to the final PS I electron acceptors (2.4%). On the other hand, SA application reduced ABA levels (32%); enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15.4%) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (120%); and increased polyphenol (6.4%) and flavonoid (75.4%) levels in salinity-stressed St. John's wort plants. Similarly, SA application under NaCl stress significantly modulated the melatonin content in terms of ion balance; the level of melatonin was reduced after SA application on salt-treated seedlings but noticeably higher than on only SA-treated and non-treated seedlings. Moreover, the proline content was reduced considerably and growth parameters, such as plant biomass, shoot length, and chlorophyll content, were enhanced following treatment of salinity-stressed St. John's wort plants with salicylic acid. These findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of salt stress in terms of a cost-effective approach to extract melatonin in larger quantities from St. John's wort. They also suggest the efficiency of salicylic acid in alleviating stress tolerance and promoting growth of St. John's wort plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Statictics Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Arnao MB, Giraldo-Acosta M, Castejón-Castillejo A, Losada-Lorán M, Sánchez-Herrerías P, El Mihyaoui A, Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J. Melatonin from Microorganisms, Algae, and Plants as Possible Alternatives to Synthetic Melatonin. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010072. [PMID: 36676997 PMCID: PMC9862825 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin dietary supplements are widely consumed worldwide, with developed countries as the largest consumers, with an estimated annual growth rate of approximately 10% until 2027, mainly in developing countries. The wide use of melatonin against sleep disorders and particular problems, such as jet lag, has been added to other applications, such as anti-aging, anti-stress, immune system activation, anticancer, and others, which have triggered its use, normally without a prescription. The chemical industry currently covers 100% of the needs of the melatonin market. Motivated by sectors with more natural consumption habits, a few years ago, the possibility of obtaining melatonin from plants, called phytomelatonin, arose. More recently, the pharmaceutical industry has developed genetically modified microorganisms whose ability to produce biological melatonin in bioreactors has been enhanced. This paper reviews the aspects of the chemical and biological synthesis of melatonin for human consumption, mainly as dietary supplements. The pros and cons of obtaining melatonin from microorganisms and phytomelatonin from plants and algae are analyzed, as well as the advantages of natural melatonin, avoiding unwanted chemical by-products from the chemical synthesis of melatonin. Finally, the economic and quality aspects of these new products, some of which are already marketed, are analyzed.
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