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Li M, Qu R, Li P, Mo X, Liu J, Dong B, Liu L, Xu ZZ. Epimedium polysaccharides mitigates Porphyromonas gingivalis-exacerbated intestinal inflammation by suppressing the Th17 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134203. [PMID: 39098669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential alleviating effect of Epimedium polysaccharide (EP) on intestinal inflammation aggravated by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). P. gingivalis, an oral pathogen, may play a role in intestinal inflammation, highlighting the necessity to explore substances capable of inhibiting its pathogenicity. Initially, in vitro screening experiments utilizing co-culturing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that EP significantly inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and the levels of virulence genes, including Kgp and RgpA. Subsequent mouse experiments demonstrated that EP notably ameliorated Pg-aggravated weight loss, disease activity index, histopathological lesions, and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, evidenced by a reduction in tight junction protein levels. Flow cytometry analysis further illustrated that EP attenuated Pg-induced Th17 differentiation and Th17-related cytokines, such as IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis elucidated that EP significantly mitigated Pg-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, enriching potentially beneficial microbes, including Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. The metabolomic analysis provided further insight, indicating that EP intervention altered the accumulation of relevant intestinal metabolites and exhibited correlations with disease indicators. In conclusion, our research suggested that EP holds promise as a prospective therapeutic agent for alleviating P. gingivalis-aggravated intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Ru Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Liting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China.
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Govindharajulu R, Syed NK, Sukumaran B, Seshadri PR, Mathivanan S, Ramkumar N. Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Vitamin D3 against Red Complex Periodontal Pathogens: A Microbiological Assay. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:114-117. [PMID: 38514407 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The study aims is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vitamin D3 against the red complex bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia in chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 98 participants with chronic periodontitis. All clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and a microbiological assay of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia were assessed at the baseline. All study participants who underwent scaling and root planning were divided into two groups, A and B, each with 49 patients and only group B patients were advised to take vitamin D supplementation of 60,000 IU granules, once daily for 2 months. All the patients of both the groups were recalled at the end of 2nd month and all the clinical and microbiological parameters were reassessed. RESULTS After two months, there was a reduction in all the clinical markers in both groups, but the group B patients showed more improvement following non-surgical treatment vitamin D intake. There was also a statistical reduction in P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia following administration of vitamin D in group B patients compared to group A. CONCLUSION These discoveries proposed that vitamin D has a superb antimicrobial impact against red complex periodontal microbes and might be considered a promising compound in the counteraction of periodontal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D is considered to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, which may help to delay the progression of periodontitis. So, vitamin D3 can be used as a potential supplement that could be employed to stop the advancement of periodontal disease. How to cite this article: Govindharajulu R, Syed NK, Sukumaran B, et al. Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Vitamin D3 against Red Complex Periodontal Pathogens: A Microbiological Assay. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):114-117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaprabha Govindharajulu
- Department of Periodontology, GRS Dental Clinic, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9245196777, e-mail:
| | - Nubesh K Syed
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Binsu Sukumaran
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Benser Dental Clinic, Kerala, India
| | - Pavithra R Seshadri
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Narayane Ramkumar
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
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Hayashi S, Takeuchi Y, Hiratsuka K, Kitanaka Y, Toyoshima K, Nemoto T, Aung N, Hakariya M, Ikeda Y, Iwata T, Aoki A. Effects of various light-emitting diode wavelengths on periodontopathic bacteria and gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103860. [PMID: 37884107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, light has been used for bacterial control of periodontal diseases. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation at different wavelengths on both Porphyromonas gingivalis and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). METHODS P. gingivalis suspension was irradiated with LEDs of 365, 405, 450, 470, 565, and 625 nm at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mW/cm2 for 3 min (radiant exposure: 9, 18, 27, 36 J/cm2, respectively). Treated samples were anaerobically cultured on agar plates, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured after LED irradiation. The viability and damage of HGF-1 were measured through WST-8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Gene expression in P. gingivalis was evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The greatest reduction in P. gingivalis CFUs was observed on irradiation at 365 nm with 150 mW/cm2 for 3 min (27 J/cm2), followed by 450 and 470 nm under the same conditions. While 365-nm irradiation significantly decreased the viability of HGF-1 cells, the cytotoxic effects of 450- and 470-nm irradiation were comparatively low and not significant. Further, 450-nm irradiation indicated increased ROS production and downregulated the genes related to gingipain and fimbriae. The 565- and 625-nm wavelength groups exhibited no antibacterial effects; rather, they significantly activated HGF-1 proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The 450- and 470-nm blue LEDs showed high antibacterial activity with low cytotoxicity to host cells, suggesting promising bacterial control in periodontal therapy. Additionally, blue LEDs may attenuate the pathogenesis of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Hiratsuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kitanaka
- Department of Oral Diagnosis of General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Toyoshima
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nay Aung
- Laser Light Dental Clinic Periodontal and Implant Center, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Masahiro Hakariya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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Li C, Zhang J, Wang L, Yang J. A case of early-onset periodontitis with vitamin D deficiency: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35321. [PMID: 37773856 PMCID: PMC10545046 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with multifactorial etiology. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has protective effects on inflammatory response in various systemic conditions. The clinical features of vitamin D deficiency include growth failure, hypotonia, pathologic fractures, rachitic rosary, tetany and so on. Here we present a case of 12-year-old girl affected by early-onset periodontitis accompanied with vitamin D deficiency. PATIENT CONCERNS A 12-year-old girl with gingival redness, bleeding associated with tooth brushing, and mandibular anterior teeth movement, with difficulty in mastication for the past 2 months. There is no relevant family history or special systemic disease history. The serological microelement test showed vitamin D levels were significantly lower than normal range. Immunological test showed abnormal CD4+/CD8+(CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+) ratio as well. DIAGNOSES Based on the clinical and serological findings, this patient was ultimately diagnosed with early-onset periodontitis accompanied with vitamin D deficiency. INTERVENTIONS The main treatments for this patient were 3-fold: periodontal therapy, vitamin D supplement and oral hygiene instructions. OUTCOMES Following 1-year therapy, periodontal conditions recovered and became stable. And serological vitamin D levels returned to normal range. LESSONS The case of interest serves as an important reminder to clinicians, that the early-onset periodontitis may be associated with micronutrients abnormalities, and early-diagnosis and treatment could avoid the body heathy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lufei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research & Department of Orthodontics, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Meghil MM, Cutler CW. Influence of Vitamin D on Periodontal Inflammation: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:1180. [PMID: 37764988 PMCID: PMC10537363 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D is the hormonally active 1,25(OH)2D3 (Vit D) vitamin, which plays an important role in bone biology and host immunity. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear ligand-dependent transcription factor expressed by many cells. Ligation of VDR by VitD regulates a wide plethora of genes and physiologic functions through the formation of the complex Vit D-VDR signaling cascade. The influence of Vit D-VDR signaling in host immune response to microbial infection has been of interest to many researchers. This is particularly important in oral health and diseases, as oral mucosa is exposed to a complex microbiota, with certain species capable of causing disruption to immune homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the immune modulatory roles of Vit D in the bone degenerative oral disease, periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Malcangi G, Patano A, Ciocia AM, Netti A, Viapiano F, Palumbo I, Trilli I, Guglielmo M, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F, Minetti E, Inchingolo AM. Benefits of Natural Antioxidants on Oral Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1309. [PMID: 37372039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to the correlation between oxidation-reduction mechanisms and human health. The free radicals produced via physiological cellular biochemical processes are major contributors to oxidation phenomena. Their instability is the major cause of cellular damage. Free radical reactive oxygen species containing oxygen are the best-known ones. The body neutralises the harmful effects of free radicals via the production of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and melatonin). The field of study of nutraucetics has found antioxidant capacity in substances such as vitamins A, B, C, E, coenzyme Q-10, selenium, flavonoids, lipoic acid, carotenoids, and lycopene contained in some foods. There are several areas of investigation that aim to research the interaction between reactive oxygen species, exogenous antioxidants, and the microbiota to promote increased protection via the peroxidation of macromolecules (proteins, and lipids) by maintaining a dynamic balance among the species that make up the microbiota. In this scoping review, we aim to map the scientific literature on oxidative stress related to the oral microbiota, and the use of natural antioxidants to counteract it, to assess the volume, nature, characteristics, and type of studies available to date, and to suggest the possible gaps that will emerge from the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ciocia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Netti
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Viapiano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Irene Palumbo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Irma Trilli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elio Minetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Lu EMC. The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:213-224. [PMID: 36537578 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well-designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ming-Chieh Lu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Ciurea A, Rednic NV, Soancă A, Micu IC, Stanomir A, Oneț D, Șurlin P, Filipescu I, Roman A, Stratul ȘI, Pamfil C. Current Perspectives on Periodontitis in Systemic Sclerosis: Associative Relationships, Pathogenic Links, and Best Practices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050841. [PMID: 36899985 PMCID: PMC10000920 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune, multisystemic disease characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix protein deposition and extreme progressive microvasculopathy. These processes lead to damage within the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, but also to facial changes with physiognomic and functional alterations, and dental and periodontal lesions. Orofacial manifestations are common in SSc but are frequently overshadowed by systemic complications. In clinical practice, oral manifestations of SSc are suboptimally addressed, while their management is not included in the general treatment recommendations. Periodontitis is associated with autoimmune-mediated systemic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In periodontitis, the microbial subgingival biofilm induces host-mediated inflammation with subsequent tissue damage, periodontal attachment, and bone loss. When these diseases coexist, patients experience additive damage, increasing malnutrition, and morbidity. The present review discusses the links between SSc and periodontitis, and provides a clinical guide for preventive and therapeutical approaches in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ciurea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Voicu Rednic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Croitorilor St., No. 19, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Cristina Micu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Stanomir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Oneț
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Șurlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Petru Rareș St., No. 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ileana Filipescu
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor St., No. 2, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722-627-488
| | - Ștefan Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Revoluției from 1989 St., No. 9, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor St., No. 2, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Chen X, Arias Z, Omori K, Yamamoto T, Shinoda-Ito Y, Takashiba S. Autophagy as a potential mechanism underlying the biological effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on periodontitis: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36782172 PMCID: PMC9923934 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The major active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), is known for its wide bioactivity in periodontal tissues. Although the exact mechanisms underlying its protective action against periodontitis remain unclear, recent studies have shown that 1,25D3 regulates autophagy. Autophagy is vital for intracellular pathogen invasion control, inflammation regulation, and bone metabolic balance in periodontal tissue homeostasis, and its regulation could be an interesting pathway for future periodontal studies. Since vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem, its role as a potential regulator of autophagy provides new insights into periodontal diseases. Based on this premise, this narrative literature review aimed to investigate the possible connection between 1,25D3 and autophagy in periodontitis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed using the following keywords (e.g., vitamin D, autophagy, periodontitis, pathogens, epithelial cells, immunity, inflammation, and bone loss). In this review, the latest studies on the protective action of 1,25D3 against periodontitis and the regulation of autophagy by 1,25D3 are summarized, and the potential role of 1,25D3-activated autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is analyzed. 1,25D3 can exert a protective effect against periodontitis through different signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and at least part of this regulatory effect is achieved through the activation of the autophagic response. This review will help clarify the relationship between 1,25D3 and autophagy in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and provide perspectives for researchers to optimize prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Zulema Arias
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- grid.412342.20000 0004 0631 9477Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinoda-Ito
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan.
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Serum Antioxidant Vitamins Mediate the Association between Periodontitis and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224939. [PMID: 36432625 PMCID: PMC9694708 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether serum antioxidant vitamins could mediate the association between periodontitis and a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the overweight and obese population; Methods: We included 6158 Americans (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Periodontitis was defined using a half-reduced CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology) definition. Having two or more metabolic abnormalities was defined as a metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese (MUO) phenotype. Mediation analysis of four oxidative stress biomarkers (serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, D, and E) was conducted; Results: Of participants with overweight and obesity, 2052 (33.3%) Americans were categorized as having periodontitis. Periodontitis increased dyslipidemia risk and systemic inflammation in the overweight and obese population. In the multivariable logistic regression model, periodontitis was positively associated with MUO (adjusted odds ratio = 1.238; 95% confidence interval: 1.091 to 1.406). These findings were validated in an independent cohort. Serum vitamins C and D were estimated to mediate 19.3% and 8.4% of the periodontitis-MUO association. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis might decrease serum vitamins C and D and induce a metabolically unhealthy state among adults with overweight and obesity.
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11
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Ribeiro LSFE, Araujo NS, Zilli Vieira CL, Dos Santos JN, Cury PR. Impact of serum vitamin D levels on periodontal healing outcomes: a preliminary cohort study. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 21:291-297. [PMID: 36048921 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and periodontal healing outcomes in patients with mild or moderate periodontitis. METHODS Serum vitamin D levels and periodontal pockets and gingival bleeding were evaluated in 51 patients before and six months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. A t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The mean reduction of periodontal pocket depth was statistically significant higher in patients with vitamin D ≥ 30 ng/mL compared to those with < 30 ng/mL (CI= -0.23 - 0.42, p= 0.05), but not clinically significant. Vitamin D level was not associated with the percentage of sites gingival bleeding on probing at the final evaluation (OR= 0.58, 95% CI= 0.17-1.99, p= 0.39). CONCLUSION Lower serum vitamin D level was associated with a slightly reduced periodontal healing after non-surgical periodontal therapy, which should be further investigated in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Silva Figueiredo E Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, - Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nara Santos Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, - Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, - Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, - Bahia, Brazil
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Smeets R, Henningsen A, Zernial O, Stürmer E, Fiedler I, Schäfer S, Gosau M, Gaudin R, Stolzer C, Reinelt A, Fuest S. New and innovative biomaterials, techniques and therapy concepts: Biologization in maxillofacial surgery, oral surgery and dentistry is in full swing. PRF, PRGF, PRP, blood plasma-stabilized augmentations, supplementation of micronutrients and vitamins - what opportunities do such "biological" approaches actually offer? We introduce them here. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2022; 11:Doc05. [PMID: 35909817 PMCID: PMC9285113 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials of natural origin have recently gained increasing attention in the field of dental implantology. The requirements for such materials, however, are very high. In addition to high clinical efficiency in tissue regeneration, wound healing should be demonstrably positively influenced. The translational division for regenerative orofacial medicine of the Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) is examining this research topic by investigating which innovative treatment methods for the reconstruction of bone defects or for augmentative procedures can be applied in the future or are already being applied in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ralf Smeets, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, E-mail:
| | - Anders Henningsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Zernial
- Practice for Implantology, Maxillofacial and Aesthetic Facial Surgery, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ewa Stürmer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Fiedler
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sogand Schäfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Gaudin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Stolzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Reinelt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Fuest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Isola G, Palazzo G, Polizzi A, Murabito P, Giuffrida C, Lo Gullo A. Association of Systemic Sclerosis and Periodontitis with Vitamin D Levels. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020705. [PMID: 33672176 PMCID: PMC7926920 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the association among systemic sclerosis (SSc), periodontitis (PT); we also evaluated the impact of PT and SSc on vitamin D levels. Moreover, we tested the association with potential confounders. A total of 38 patients with SSc, 40 subjects with PT, 41 subjects with both PT and SSc, and 41 healthy controls were included in the study. The median vitamin D levels in PT subject were 19.1 (17.6-26.8) ng/mL, while SSc + PT group had vitamin d levels of 15.9 (14.7-16.9) ng/mL, significantly lower with respect to SSc patients (21.1 (15.4-22.9) ng/mL) and to healthy subjects (30.5 (28.8-32.3) ng/mL) (p < 0.001). In all subjects, vitamin D was negatively associated with c-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001) and with probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque score (PI) (p < 0.001 for all parameters) and positively related to the number of teeth (p < 0.001). Moreover, univariate regression analysis demonstrated an association among high low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.021), CRP (p = 0.014), and PT (p < 0.001) and reduced levels of vitamin D. The multivariate regression analysis showed that PT (p = 0.011) and CRP (p = 0.031) were both predictors of vitamin D levels. Subjects with PT and SSc plus PT had significant lower vitamin D values with respect to SSc and to healthy subjects. In addition, PT seems negatively associated with levels of vitamin D in all analyzed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7435359
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Murabito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (A.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Clemente Giuffrida
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.G.)
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Almoudi MMM, Hussein AS, Abu Hassan MI, Al-Talib H, Khan HBSG, Nazli SAB, Effandy NAEB. The antibacterial effects of vitamin D3 against mutans streptococci: an in vitro study. Eur Oral Res 2021; 55:8-15. [PMID: 33937756 PMCID: PMC8055259 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20210119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the cholecalciferol vitamin
D3 against Streptococcus sobrinus (Strep. sobrinus) and Streptococcus mutans (Strep.
mutans) bacteria in vitro that is considered the main causative bacteria in dental
caries development. Materials and methods: The antimicrobial effects of vitamin D3 were evaluated against Strep. sobrinus
and Strep mutans using the agar disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of vitamin
D3 were determined using a microdilution method following the guidelines by
the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Scanning electron microscope
(SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes of bacterial cells following
exposure to vitamin D3. Results: Strep. sobrinus was more sensitive to vitamin D3 compared to Strep. mutans bacteria.
The MIC values of vitamin D3 against Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans were 60 μg/
mL and 250 μg/mL respectively whereas the MBC values were 120 μg/mL and 500
μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, significant changes in the bacterial morphology
were observed in treated bacterial cells with vitamin D3 as compared to the
untreated control bacteria using SEM. Conclusion: These findings suggested that vitamin D3 has excellent antimicrobial effects against
Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans and may be considered as a promising compound
in the prevention of dental caries in the future. Further research is recommended to
elucidate the mechanism of vitamin D3 on these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mohamed Mansour Almoudi
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alaa Sabah Hussein
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassanain Al-Talib
- Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Selangor,Malaysia
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15
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Sun Y, Sun X, Li X, Li W, Li C, Zhou Y, Wang L, Dong B. A versatile nanocomposite based on nanoceria for antibacterial enhancement and protection from aPDT-aggravated inflammation via modulation of macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120614. [PMID: 33360771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is of vital importance for the treatment of periodontal diseases due to its great potential on effective elimination of pathogenic bacteria via overwhelming reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the excessive ROS after the therapeutic process may impose an oxidative stress within periodontal pockets, consequently leading to an irreversible destroy in surrounding tissue and severely limit its biomedical applications. In this study, considering the contradiction between ROS in bacteriostasis and inflammation, the role of ROS in different temporal and spatial states has been fully studied. Accordingly, we have designed composite nanomaterials that can play ROS based aPDT and anti-inflammatory effect by eliminating ROS, taking account of different ratio of photosensitizer/ROS scavenger to realize a time-sequential manner. Herein, a simple multifunctional nanocomposite was fabricated by coating red light-excited photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) onto nanoceria, achieving simultaneous sterilization and inflammation elimination via a dual directional regulation effect. This nano-based platform could utilize the aPDT for antibacterial purpose in the first stage with red-light irradiation, and subsequently scavenge the residual ROS via nanoceria to modulate host immunity by down-regulating the M1 polarization (pro-inflammatory) of macrophages and up-regulating the M2 polarization (anti-inflammatory and regenerative) of macrophages. Moreover, the local ROS level induced by activated inflammation pathway can be adjusted in a very long time because of the charge conversion effect of CeO2. The regenerative potential of inflammatory surrounding tissues was improved in the animal model. Our strategy will open a new inspiration to fight against the defects of aPDT in the treatment of periodontal disease, even in the anti-infection therapy for the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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16
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Guevara MA, Lu J, Moore RE, Chambers SA, Eastman AJ, Francis JD, Noble KN, Doster RS, Osteen KG, Damo SM, Manning SD, Aronoff DM, Halasa NB, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA. Vitamin D and Streptococci: The Interface of Nutrition, Host Immune Response, and Antimicrobial Activity in Response to Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3131-3140. [PMID: 33170652 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus species are common causes of human infection. These Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterial pathogens infect diverse anatomic spaces, leading to infections including skin and soft tissue infection, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media, chorioamnionitis, sepsis, and even death. Risk for streptococcal infection is highest in low- and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiency is common. Epidemiological data reveal that vitamin D deficiency is associated with enhanced risk of streptococcal infection and cognate disease outcomes. Additionally, vitamin D improves antibacterial defenses by stimulating innate immune processes such as phagocytosis and enhancing production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst) and antimicrobial peptides (including cathelicidin and lactoferrin), which are important for efficient killing of bacteria. This review presents the most recent published work that studies interactions between the micronutrient vitamin D, the host immune system, and pathogenic streptococci as well as comparisons with other relevant infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Schuyler A. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alison J. Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jamisha D. Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristen N. Noble
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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HARTMANN MINNJAS, MOUSAVI SORAYA, BERESWILL STEFAN, HEIMESAAT MARKUSM. Vitamin E as promising adjunct treatment option in the combat of infectious diseases caused by bacterial including multi-drug resistant pathogens - Results from a comprehensive literature survey. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:193-201. [PMID: 33151163 PMCID: PMC7753978 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has provoked an emergence of various multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Infectious diseases that cannot be treated sufficiently with conventional antibiotic intervention strategies anymore constitue serious threats to human health. Therefore, current research focus has shifted to alternative, antibiotic-independent therapeutic approaches. In this context, vitamin E constitutes a promising candidate molecule due to its multi-faceted modes of action. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a comprehensive literature survey reviewing studies addressing the antimicrobial properties of vitamin E against bacterial pathogens including MDR bacteria. The included studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that given its potent synergistic antimicrobial effects in combination with distinct antibiotic compounds, vitamin E constitutes a promising adjunct antibiotic treatment option directed against infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the therapeutic value of vitamin E for the treatment of bacterial infections should therefore be investigated in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARKUS M. HEIMESAAT
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Niu L, Chen S, Yang X, Ma C, Pan C, Wang H, Li Q, Geng F, Tang X. Vitamin D decreases Porphyromonas gingivalis internalized into macrophages by promoting autophagy. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1775-1788. [PMID: 33098722 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to study the effect of the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) on the internalized Porphyromonas gingivalis in macrophages and to assess the role of autophagy during this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR and bacteria culture were used to quantify live P. gingivalis internalized into U937-derived macrophages. Western blot assays were performed to detect the effect of P. gingivalis and calcitriol on autophagy in macrophages. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the effect of calcitriol on the status of internalized P. gingivalis. Colocalization of P. gingivalis with the autophagosome and lysosome markers was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Calcitriol caused a dose-dependent decrease in live P. gingivalis numbers and promoted both the endogenous and P. gingivalis-induced autophagy in macrophages. Calcitriol significantly promoted the destruction of P. gingivalis and the colocalization of P. gingivalis with autophagosome and lysosome markers. Conversely, with 3-MA, live P. gingivalis numbers in macrophages increased significantly and inhibition effect of calcitriol on the number of live P. gingivalis was attenuated. CONCLUSION In U937-derived macrophages, calcitriol may promote colocalization of P. gingivalis with autophagosomes and lysosomes, namely autophagy process, to degrade live P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunliang Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling Pan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhou A, Li L, Zhao G, Min L, Liu S, Zhu S, Guo Q, Liu C, Zhang S, Li P. Vitamin D3 Inhibits Helicobacter pylori Infection by Activating the VitD3/VDR-CAMP Pathway in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:566730. [PMID: 33194806 PMCID: PMC7646218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.566730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with the occurrence and development of gastric diseases. Therefore, eliminating H. pylori infection should help to prevent gastric diseases. Vitamin D3 (VitD3, 1,25(OH)2D3) was previously observed to exhibit anti-H. pylori infection activity in clinic, but these results were reported in heterogeneous in vivo studies without elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we established H. pylori infection models in both wild-type and VDR knockdown (VDR-KD) mice, which were used to demonstrate that VitD3 inhibits H. pylori infection by enhancing the expression of VitD receptor (VDR) and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP). Furthermore, VDR-KD mice that exhibited lower VDR expression were more susceptible to H. pylori infection. In cultured mouse primary gastric epithelial cells, we further demonstrated that the VitD3/VDR complex binds to the CAMP promoter region to increase its expression. These data provide a mechanistic explanation of the anti-H. pylori infection activity of VitD3 at the molecular level in mice and suggest a new avenue for the clinical management of H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital for Wei Fang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Isola G, Alibrandi A, Rapisarda E, Matarese G, Williams RC, Leonardi R. Association of vitamin D in patients with periodontitis: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:602-612. [PMID: 32173876 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has been considered to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, which may be a link for the known interaction of periodontitis (CP) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated the association between serum vitamin D levels and periodontitis in patients with CP and with CHD. Furthermore, the objective was to determine whether periodontitis and CHD had an impact on serum vitamin D levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 46 patients with CP, 45 patients with CHD, 45 patients with both CP and CHD, and 43 healthy patients were enrolled in the present study. RESULTS Patients in the CP (17.4 ± 5.2 ng/mL) and in the CP + CHD (16.5 ± 5.6 ng/mL) group presented a significantly lower mean serum level of 25(OH)vitamin D compared to patients in the CHD (24.6 ± 3.7 ng/mL) and healthy control groups (29.9 ± 5.4 ng/mL) (P < .001). 25(OH)vitamin D levels were positively correlated with the number of teeth and negatively with C-reactive protein (CRP) and all periodontal parameters (P < .001). In all patients, there was a proportional increase of 25(OH)vitamin D levels with a progressive increase in number of teeth (P-trend <.001) while there were a proportional decrease in 25(OH)vitamin D levels with a progressive increase in clinical attachment level (CAL, P-trend = .001), probing depth (PD, P-trend = .006), and bleeding sites (BOP, P-trend <.001) levels. CONCLUSION Patients with CP and CP + CHD presented significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D compared to CHD and healthy controls. Moreover, the presence of CP negatively influenced serum vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matarese
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ray C Williams
- Department of Periodontology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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21
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Khan S, Ahad A. Application of adjunct vitamin D supplementation in the management of periodontal disease: A three-pronged approach. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:534-535. [PMID: 33384844 PMCID: PMC7770248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Kumbar VM, Peram MR, Kugaji MS, Shah T, Patil SP, Muddapur UM, Bhat KG. Effect of curcumin on growth, biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Odontology 2020; 109:18-28. [PMID: 32279229 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen and major colonizer in host tissue which plays a pivotal role in periodontitis among the other polymicrobial infections. Increasing facts demonstrate that curcumin has antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effect against the periodontopathogens through diverse mechanisms that have a positive impact on periodontal health. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of curcumin on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of P. gingivalis. By using gene expression studies, we exploited the mechanism of anti-biofilm effects of curcumin on P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of curcumin for both ATCC and clinical strains of P. gingivalis were found to be 62.5 and 125 µg ml-1 respectively. Curcumin prevented bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, curcumin attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for major virulence factors, including adhesions (fimA, hagA, and hagB) and proteinases (rgpA, rgpB, and kgp). The results indicated that curcumin has shown anti-biofilm as well as antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Further, curcumin because of its pleiotropic actions could be a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Tejas Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Vadgaon Budruk, Sinhagad Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 0 41, India
| | - Sanjivani P Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India
| | - Uday M Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University (Formerly Known as B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology), BVB Campus, Hubli, Karnataka, 580031, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Near KSRP Ground, Bauxite road, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590 010, India.
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23
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Variation in the Occurrence of fimA Genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Periodontal Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061826. [PMID: 32168960 PMCID: PMC7142462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a “keystone pathogen” in periodontitis. The fimbria assists in the initial attachment, biofilm organization, and bacterial adhesion leading to the invasion and colonization of host epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of fimA genotypes in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals in the Indian population, and to study their association with the number of P. gingivalis cells obtained in subgingival plaque samples of these subjects. The study comprised 95 samples from the chronic periodontitis (CP) group and 35 samples from the healthy (H) group, which were detected positive for P. gingivalis in our previous study. Fimbrial genotyping was done by PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The fimA type II was more prevalent in the CP group (55.89%), followed by type IV (30.52%), whereas in the H group, type I was the most prevalent fimbria (51.42%). The quantity of P. gingivalis cells increased with the presence of fimA types II and III. Our results suggest a strong relationship between fimA types II and IV and periodontitis, and between type I and the healthy condition. The colonization of organisms was increased with the occurrence of type II in deep periodontal sites, which could play an important role in the progression of the disease.
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24
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Hu X, Niu L, Ma C, Huang Y, Yang X, Shi Y, Pan C, Liu J, Wang H, Li Q, Geng F, Tang X. Calcitriol decreases live
Porphyromonas gingivalis
internalized into epithelial cells and monocytes by promoting autophagy. J Periodontol 2019; 91:956-966. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
- Department of Pediatric DentistryShenyang Stomatological Hospital Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Li Niu
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Chunliang Ma
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
- Department of PeriodontologyHangzhou Dental Hospital Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Yakun Shi
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Chunling Pan
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyChina Medical University Shenyang Liaoning Province China
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25
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The Msp Protein of Treponema denticola Interrupts Activity of Phosphoinositide Processing in Neutrophils. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00553-19. [PMID: 31481407 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00553-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a significant health burden, causing tooth loss and poor oral and overall systemic health. Dysbiosis of the oral biofilm and a dysfunctional immune response drive chronic inflammation, causing destruction of soft tissue and alveolar bone supporting the teeth. Treponema denticola, a spirochete abundant in the plaque biofilm of patients with severe periodontal disease, perturbs neutrophil function by modulating appropriate phosphoinositide (PIP) signaling. Through a series of immunoblotting and quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments, we show that Msp does not alter the gene transcription or protein content of key enzymes responsible for PIP3 signaling: 3' phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), or 5' Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). Instead, using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we found that Msp activates PTEN through dephosphorylation specifically at the S380 site. Msp in intact organisms or outer membrane vesicles also restricts PIP signaling. SHIP1 phosphatase release was assessed using chemical inhibition and immunoprecipitation to show that Msp moderately decreases SHIP1 activity. Msp also prevents secondary activation of the PTEN/PI3K response. We speculate that this result is due to the redirection of the PIP3 substrate away from SHIP1 to PTEN. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a redistribution of PTEN from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane following exposure to Msp, which may contribute to PTEN activation. Mechanisms of how T. denticola modulates and evades the host immune response are still poorly described, and here we provide further mechanistic evidence of how spirochetes modify PIP signaling to dampen neutrophil function. Understanding how oral bacteria evade the immune response to perpetuate the cycle of inflammation and infection is critical for combating periodontal disease to improve overall health outcomes.
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26
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Golpour A, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Antimicrobial and Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D Provide Promising Antibiotics-Independent Approaches to Tackle Bacterial Infections - Lessons Learnt from a Literature Survey. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:80-87. [PMID: 31662886 PMCID: PMC6798578 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug-resistance (MDR) constitutes an emerging threat to global health and makes the effective prevention and treatment of many, particularly severe infections challenging, if not impossible. Many antibiotic classes have lost antimicrobial efficacy against a plethora of infectious agents including bacterial species due to microbial acquisition of distinct resistance genes. Hence, the development of novel anti-infectious intervention strategies including antibiotic-independent approaches is urgently needed. Vitamins such as vitamin D and vitamin D derivates might be such promising molecular candidates to combat infections caused by bacteria including MDR strains. Using the Pubmed database, we therefore performed an in-depth literature survey, searching for publications on the antimicrobial effect of vitamin D directed against bacteria including MDR strains. In vitro and clinical studies between 2009 and 2019 revealed that vitamin D does, in fact, possess antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, whereas conflicting results could be obtained from in vivo studies. Taken together, the potential anti-infectious effects for the antibiotic-independent application of vitamin D and/or an adjunct therapy in combination with antibiotic compounds directed against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, H. pylori infections, or skin diseases, for instance, should be considered and further investigated in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoosh Golpour
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Kugaji MS, Kumbar VM, Peram MR, Patil S, Bhat KG, Diwan PV. Effect of Resveratrol on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease. APMIS 2019; 127:187-195. [PMID: 30861212 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth supporting periodontal tissues resulting in tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that plays a significant role in periodontitis. In previous studies, resveratrol has shown significant results by targeting inflammatory and adhesive markers. Virulence factors of P. gingivalis play an important role in the bacterial adhesion and colonization. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of resveratrol and also study the effect of resveratrol on the expression of virulence factor genes of P. gingivalis using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity of resveratrol on P. gingivalis was carried out by broth microdilution assay and biofilm adhesion reduction-crystal violet assay, respectively. We carried out the gene expression analysis by RT-PCR with the P. gingivalis treated compound to analyze the change in the expression of virulence factors: fimbriae and gingipain. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of resveratrol against P. gingivalis and other clinical strains are in the range of 78.12-156.25 μg/mL. Resveratrol dose-dependently prevented the biofilm formation and also attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of virulence factor genes such as fimbriae (type II and IV) and proteinases (kgp and rgpA). Resveratrol demonstrated superior anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity against P. gingivalis. There was significant reduction in the expression of fimbriae and gingipain with the resveratrol-treated compound. The results suggest that resveratrol, due to its multiple actions, may become a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy for treating periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay M Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India.,Department of pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal College of Pharmacy, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjivini Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash V Diwan
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
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28
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Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H, Huja PE, Basu A. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1986. [PMID: 30558282 PMCID: PMC6316450 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999⁻2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
| | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pinar Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
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29
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Elenkova M, Tipton DA, Karydis A, Stein SH. Vitamin D attenuates human gingival fibroblast inflammatory cytokine production following advanced glycation end product interaction with receptors for AGE. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:154-163. [PMID: 30295316 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D3 or 1,25D3] is critical in musculoskeletal health, inflammation, immune response, and glucose metabolism. Patients with vitamin D deficiency may be at higher risk of diabetes and periodontitis. Diabetic patients exhibit exacerbated inflammation and more periodontal destruction. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during diabetic hyperglycemia, activate inflammatory pathways in periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) express receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) and can contribute to inflammation. OBJECTIVES Determine whether glycated human serum albumin (G-HSA) augments HGF IL-6 and IL-8 production, and whether treatment with 1,25D3 attenuates cytokine production following stimulation with G-HSA + IL-1β and/or IL-17. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGFs were incubated ±G-HSA or normal human serum albumin (HSA), ±IL-1β and/or IL-17, ±1,25D3. Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Neutralizing anti-RAGE was used to assess AGE-RAGE interaction. Endotoxin was measured using the ToxinSensor™ System. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons. RESULTS G-HSA or IL-1β, but not HSA, significantly stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production. G-HSA or HSA when combined with IL-1β or IL-1β + IL-17 synergistically stimulated IL-6 and IL-8. Neutralizing anti-RAGE inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 produced by cells stimulated with IL-1β + G-HSA but not (+HSA). Synergism caused by HSA did not appear to be mediated by endotoxin since its levels in G-HSA and HSA were not sufficient to stimulate fibroblasts. Vitamin D inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production stimulated by G-HSA or HSA + IL-1β or IL-1β + IL-17. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the "perioprotective" effects of vitamin D are related to its ability to regulate inflammatory cytokine production by HGFs following AGE-RAGE interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Elenkova
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Periodontology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David A Tipton
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anastasios Karydis
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Periodontology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sidney H Stein
- College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Periodontology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Vitamin D Compounds Are Bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans and Target the Bacitracin-Associated Efflux System. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01675-17. [PMID: 29061743 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01675-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D analogs were identified as compounds that induced lysis of planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans in a high-throughput screen of FDA-approved drugs. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain derivatives of vitamin D possess lytic activity against other bacteria, though the mechanism has not yet been established. Through the use of a combinatorial approach, the vitamin D derivative doxercalciferol was shown to act synergistically with bacitracin, a polypeptide-type drug that is known to interfere with cell wall synthesis, suggesting that doxercalciferol may act in a bacitracin-related pathway. Innate resistance to bacitracin is attributed to efflux by a conserved ABC-type transporter, which in S. mutans is encoded by the mbrABCD operon. S. mutans possesses two characterized mechanisms of resistance to bacitracin, the ABC transporter, S. mutans bacitracin resistance (Mbr) cassette, consisting of MbrABCD, and the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide (Rgp) system, RgpABCDEFGHI. Loss of function of the transporter in ΔmbrA and ΔmbrD mutants exacerbated the effect of the combination of doxercalciferol and bacitracin. Despite conservation of a transporter homologous to mbrABCD, the combination of doxercalciferol and bacitracin appeared to be synergistic only in streptococcal species. We conclude that vitamin D derivatives possess lytic activity against S. mutans and act through a mechanism dependent on the bacitracin resistance mechanism of MbrABCD.
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Liu N, Su H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Kong J. Cholecalciterol cholesterol emulsion attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice via inhibition of the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:422-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with periodontal disease. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1553-1558. [PMID: 27686455 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone metabolism as well as in immunity. Hence, it might affect the development and extent of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was the assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with severe periodontal disease and 29 healthy volunteers were recruited in this case-control-study. Serum 25(OH)D levels, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Body Mass Index (BMI), and current smoking status and smoking history (packyears) were assessed in all participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between controls and cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for periodontal disease in 25(OH)D deficient probands. RESULTS Patients with periodontal disease presented a significantly higher proportion of deficient 25(OH)D levels (i.e., <50 nmol/l) compared to healthy controls (48 vs. 14 % respectively). The adjusted OR for periodontal disease with vitamin D deficiency was 1.5 (95 % CI, 1.13-1.98). No correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and CAL, PPD, and BOP in the group with periodontal disease was found. CONCLUSIONS In this case-control-study 25(OH)D deficiency is significantly associated with periodontal disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The assessment of vitamin D levels in patients presenting with periodontal disease seems advisable, as vitamin D deficiency might be involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease.
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