1
|
Xiao Z, Lin M, Song N, Wu X, Hou J, Wang L, Tian X, An C, Dela Cruz CS, Sharma L, Chang D. Clinical features and multiomics profiles indicate coagulation and platelet dysfunction in COVID-19 viral sepsis. iScience 2024; 27:110110. [PMID: 38974472 PMCID: PMC11225851 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased cases of sepsis during COVID-19 in the absence of known bacterial pathogens highlighted role of viruses as causative agents of sepsis. In this study, we investigated clinical, laboratory, proteomic, and metabolomic characteristics of viral sepsis patients (n = 45) and compared them to non-sepsis patients with COVID-19 (n = 186) to identify molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of viral sepsis in COVID-19. We identified unique metabolomic and proteomic signatures that suggest a substantial perturbation in the coagulation, complement, and platelet activation pathways in viral sepsis. Our proteomic data indicated elevated coagulation pathway protein (fibrinogen), whereas a decrease in many of the complement proteins was observed. These alterations were associated with the functional consequences such as susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections and potentially contributing to both local and systemic disease phenotypes. Our data provide novel aspect of COVID-19 pathology that is centered around presence of sepsis phenotype in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at The Seventh Medical Center, College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Minggui Lin
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at The Seventh Medical Center, College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 102218, China
| | - XinLun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunge An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at The Seventh Medical Center, College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - De Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at The Seventh Medical Center, College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang ZM, Zhang N, Wang XF. Prognostic model on pregnancy outcomes for women with recurrent spontaneous abortions treated with cyclosporin A: A single-institution experience. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100349. [PMID: 38613917 PMCID: PMC11033085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for pregnancy outcomes and construct a prognostic model for pregnancy outcomes in women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA) treated with cyclosporin A. METHODS A total of 154 RSA patients treated with cyclosporin A between October 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively recruited. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the prognostic factors for pregnancy success in RSA women treated with cyclosporin A. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to construct prognostic value, and the prognostic performance was assessed using area under the ROC. RESULTS After adjusting potential confounding factors, the authors noted increased age (OR = 0.771; 95 % CI 0.693‒0.858; p < 0.001) and positive antinuclear antibodies (OR = 0.204; 95 % CI 0.079‒0.526; p = 0.001) were associated with a reduced incidence of pregnancy success, while positive anti-β2 glycoprotein-I-antibody (OR = 21.941; 95 % CI 1.176‒409.281; p = 0.039) was associated with an increased incidence of pregnancy success after treated with cyclosporin A. The AUC of combining these variables for predicting pregnancy failure was 0.809 (95 % CI 0.735‒0.880). CONCLUSIONS This study systematically identified the prognostic factors for pregnancy success in women treated with cyclosporin A, and the constructed prognostic model based on these factors with relatively higher prognostic value. Further large-scale prospective studies should be performed to validate the prognostic value of the constructed model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acquasaliente L, Pierangelini A, Pagotto A, Pozzi N, De Filippis V. From haemadin to haemanorm: Synthesis and characterization of full-length haemadin from the leech Haemadipsa sylvestris and of a novel bivalent, highly potent thrombin inhibitor (haemanorm). Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4825. [PMID: 37924304 PMCID: PMC10683372 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Hirudin from Hirudo medicinalis is a bivalent α-Thrombin (αT) inhibitor, targeting the enzyme active site and exosite-I, and is currently used in anticoagulant therapy along with its simplified analogue hirulog. Haemadin, a small protein (57 amino acids) isolated from the land-living leech Haemadipsa sylvestris, selectively inhibits αT with a potency identical to that of recombinant hirudin (KI = 0.2 pM), with which it shares a common disulfide topology and overall fold. At variance with hirudin, haemadin targets exosite-II and therefore (besides the free protease) it also blocks thrombomodulin-bound αT without inhibiting the active intermediate meizothrombin, thus offering potential advantages over hirudin. Here, we produced in reasonably high yields and pharmaceutical purity (>98%) wild-type haemadin and the oxidation resistant Met5 → nor-Leucine analogue, both inhibiting αT with a KI of 0.2 pM. Thereafter, we used site-directed mutagenesis, spectroscopic, ligand-displacement, and Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange-Mass Spectrometry techniques to map the αT regions relevant for the interaction with full-length haemadin and with the synthetic N- and C-terminal peptides Haem(1-10) and Haem(45-57). Haem(1-10) competitively binds to/inhibits αT active site (KI = 1.9 μM) and its potency was enhanced by 10-fold after Phe3 → β-Naphthylalanine exchange. Conversely to full-length haemadin, haem(45-57) displays intrinsic affinity for exosite-I (KD = 1.6 μM). Hence, we synthesized a peptide in which the sequences 1-9 and 45-57 were joined together through a 3-Glycine spacer to yield haemanorm, a highly potent (KI = 0.8 nM) inhibitor targeting αT active site and exosite-I. Haemanorm can be regarded as a novel class of hirulog-like αT inhibitors with potential pharmacological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquasaliente
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry & Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Andrea Pierangelini
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry & Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry & Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry & Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research CenterSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry & Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar S, Wulf J, Basore K, Pozzi N. Structural analyses of β 2-glycoprotein I: is there a circular conformation? J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3511-3521. [PMID: 37536570 PMCID: PMC10834832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiphospholipid antibodies targeting β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) cause thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients. How these antibodies recognize β2GPI remains controversial. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the structure of β2GPI and evaluate how pathogenic anti-domain I (DI) antibodies recognize it in human plasma. METHODS β2GPI was made recombinant and purified from human plasma using different protocols. Structural and functional analyses were conducted using orthogonal techniques, namely, electron microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, and microfluidic diffusional sizing. RESULTS Electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography showed that the structure of β2GPI produced recombinantly and purified from plasma is elongated, even when subjected to conditions previously reported to favor circularization. Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer analyses of β2GPI labeled at positions 88 in DII and 278 in DV showed that these residues are located >90 Å apart, consistent with an elongated form. They also documented that the distance between these 2 residues did not change when the protein was reconstituted in human plasma. Microfluidic diffusional sizing documented that β2GPI binds with moderate affinity to a prototypical anti-DI antibody targeting the epitope G40-R43 despite being elongated. CONCLUSION Circulating β2GPI is elongated and, therefore, fully capable of binding to anti-DI antibodies. Binding of β2GPI to negatively charged phospholipids drives autoantibody recognition by increasing the local concentration of the antigen and not by dramatically changing its conformation. These findings clarify the structural properties of β2GPI, which have important implications for understanding APS pathogenesis and the development of APS diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John Wulf
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oba S, Hosoya T, Kaneshige R, Kawata D, Yamaguchi T, Mitsumura T, Shimada S, Shibata S, Tateishi T, Koike R, Tohda S, Hirakawa A, Yoko N, Otomo Y, Nojima J, Miyazaki Y, Yasuda S. Thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies in Japanese COVID-19: based on propensity score matching. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227547. [PMID: 37908357 PMCID: PMC10614020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis is a unique complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are detected in COVID-19 patients, their clinical significance remains elusive. We evaluated the prevalence of aPL and serum concentrations of beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI), a major self-antigen for aPL, in Japanese COVID-19 patients with and without thrombosis. Methods This retrospective single-center nested case-control study included 594 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between January 2020 and August 2021. Thrombotic complications were collected from medical records. Propensity score-matching method (PSM) (1:2 matching including age, sex, severity on admission, and prior history of thrombosis) was performed to compare the prevalence and titer of aPL (anti-cardiolipin (aCL) IgG/IgM, anti-β2GPI IgG/IgM/IgA, and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody (aPS/PT) IgG/IgM) and serum β2GPI concentration. In addition, PSM (1:1 matching including age and sex) was performed to compare the serum β2GPI concentration between COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. Results Among the patients, 31 patients with thrombosis and 62 patients without were compared. The prevalence of any aPLs was indifferent regardless of the thrombosis (41.9% in those with thrombosis vs. 38.7% in those without, p =0.82). The positive rates of individual aPL were as follows: anti-CL IgG (9.7% vs. 1.6%, p =0.11)/IgM (0% vs. 3.2%, p =0.55), anti-β2GP1 IgG (22.6% vs. 9.7%, p =0.12)/IgA (9.7% vs. 9.7%, p =1.0)/IgM (0% vs. 0%, p =1.0), and anti-PS/PT IgG (0% vs. 1.6%, p =1.0)/IgM (12.9% vs. 21.0%, p =0.41), respectively. The aPL titers were also similar regardless of thrombosis. The levels of β2GPI in COVID-19 patients were lower than those in the healthy donors. Conclusion Although aPLs were frequently detected in Japanese COVID-19 patients, their prevalence and titer were irrelevant to thrombotic complications. While COVID-19 patients have lower levels of serum β2GPI than healthy blood donors, β2GPI levels were indifferent regardless of thrombosis. Although most of the titers were below cut-offs, positive correlations were observed among aPLs, suggesting that the immune reactions against aPL antigens were induced by COVID-19. We should focus on the long-term thromboembolic risk and the development of APS in the aPL-positive patients with high titer or multiple aPLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Oba
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hosoya
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Kaneshige
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawata
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mitsumura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tateishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nukui Yoko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Comprehensive Patient Care, Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Otomo
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kulkarni PP, Alluri RK, Godwin M, Forbes GL, Merkulova A, Vijay A, Palihati M, Kundu S, Jun-Shim Y, Schmaier A, Holinstat M, Cameron SJ, McCrae KR. Protection of β2GPI Deficient Mice from Thrombosis Reflects a Defect in PAR3-facilitated Platelet Activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554547. [PMID: 37662286 PMCID: PMC10473722 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Antibodies to β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) cause thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome, however the role of β2GPI itself in regulation of coagulation pathways in vivo is not well understood. Methods We developed β2GPI-deficient mice (Apoh -/- ) by deleting exon 2 and 3 of Apoh using CRISPR/Cas9 and compared the propensity of wild-type (WT) and Apoh -/- mice to develop thrombosis using rose bengal and FeCl 3 -induced carotid thrombosis, laser-induced cremaster arteriolar injury, and inferior vena cava (IVC) stasis models. We also compared tail bleeding times and assessed platelet activation in WT and Apoh -/- mice in the absence and presence of exogenous β2GPI. Results Compared to WT littermates, Apoh -/- mice demonstrated a prolonged time to occlusion of the carotid artery after exposure to rose bengal or FeCl 3 , and reduced platelet and fibrin accumulation in cremasteric arterioles after laser injury. Similarly, significantly smaller thrombi were retrieved from the IVC of Apoh -/- mice 48 hours after IVC occlusion. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time, as well as aPTT reagent- and tissue factor-induced thrombin generation times using plasma from Apoh -/- and WT mice revealed no differences. However, we observed significant prolongation of tail bleeding in Apoh -/- mice, and reduced P-selectin expression and binding of fibrinogen to the activated α2bβ3 integrin on platelets from these mice after stimulation with low thrombin concentrations; these changes were reversed by exogenous β2GPI. An antibody to PAR3 blocked thrombin-induced activation of WT, but not Apoh -/- platelets, as well as the ability of β2GPI to restore the activation response of Apoh -/- platelets to thrombin. β2GPI deficiency did not affect platelet activation by a PAR4-activator peptide, or ADP. Conclusions In mice, β2GPI may mediate procoagulant activity by enhancing the ability of PAR3 to present thrombin to PAR4, promoting platelet activation at low thrombin concentrations. Key Points β2GPI deficient mice are protected from experimental arterial, venous, and microvascular thrombosis.β2GPI deficient mice display prolonged tail bleeding times and reduced PAR3-facilitated platelet activation by low concentrations of thrombin.
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng X, Sang Q, Zhang R, Mu J, Bao S. The association of APOH and NCF1 polymorphisms on susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss in women with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1703-1712. [PMID: 37243946 PMCID: PMC10352192 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the main manifestation of pathological pregnancy in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) women. The immune state plays a significant role in the occurrence/development of APS and RPL susceptibility, but there is little research on genetic factors. METHOD Previous studies have described the important role of APOH and NCF1 in APS and pregnancy. To explore the association of APOH and NCF1 gene variants with RPL susceptibility in APS patients, we collected and analyzed 871 controls, 182 APS and RPL, and 231 RPL patients. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1801690, rs52797880, and rs8178847 of APOH and rs201802880 of NCF1) were selected and genotyped. RESULTS We found rs1801690 (p = 0.001, p = 0.003), rs52797880 (p = 8.73e-04, p = 0.001), and rs8178847 (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) of APOH and rs201802880 (p = 3.77e-26, p = 1.31e-26) of NCF1 showed significant differences between APS and RPL patients and controls in allelic and genotype frequencies respectively. Moreover, rs1801690, rs52797880, and rs8178847 showed strong linkage disequilibrium. Especially, our results revealed a complete linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1) between rs52797880 and rs8178847. Furthermore, higher serum TP (total protein) level was described in APOH rs1801690 CG/GG (p = 0.007), rs52797880 AG/GG (p = 0.033), and rs8178847 CT/TT (p = 0.033), while the higher frequency of positive serum ACA-IgM was found in NCF1 rs201802880 GA (p = 0.017) in APS and RPL patients. CONCLUSION Rs1801690, rs52797880, and rs8178847 of APOH and rs201802880 of NCF1 were associated with RPL susceptibility in APS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xujing Deng
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Ruixiu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shihua Bao
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Acquasaliente L, Pontarollo G, Radu CM, Peterle D, Artusi I, Pagotto A, Uliana F, Negro A, Simioni P, De Filippis V. Exogenous human α-Synuclein acts in vitro as a mild platelet antiaggregant inhibiting α-thrombin-induced platelet activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9880. [PMID: 35701444 PMCID: PMC9198058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a small disordered protein, highly conserved in vertebrates and involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, αSyn amyloid aggregates are present in the brain of patients with PD. Although the pathogenic role of αSyn is widely accepted, the physiological function of this protein remains elusive. Beyond the central nervous system, αSyn is expressed in hematopoietic tissue and blood, where platelets are a major cellular host of αSyn. Platelets play a key role in hemostasis and are potently activated by thrombin (αT) through the cleavage of protease-activated receptors. Furthermore, both αT and αSyn could be found in the same spatial environment, i.e. the platelet membrane, as αT binds to and activates platelets that can release αSyn from α-granules and microvesicles. Here, we investigated the possibility that exogenous αSyn could interfere with platelet activation induced by different agonists in vitro. Data obtained from distinct experimental techniques (i.e. multiple electrode aggregometry, rotational thromboelastometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy) on whole blood and platelet-rich plasma indicate that exogenous αSyn has mild platelet antiaggregating properties in vitro, acting as a negative regulator of αT-mediated platelet activation by preferentially inhibiting P-selectin expression on platelet surface. We have also shown that both exogenous and endogenous (i.e. cytoplasmic) αSyn preferentially bind to the outer surface of activated platelets. Starting from these findings, a coherent model of the antiplatelet function of αSyn is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquasaliente
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave. 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilaria Artusi
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Uliana
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, viale G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Molecular Hematology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Biotechnology Center, CRIBI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Islabão AG, Trindade VC, da Mota LMH, Andrade DCO, Silva CA. Managing Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Prospects. Paediatr Drugs 2022; 24:13-27. [PMID: 34904182 PMCID: PMC8667978 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-021-00484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare acquired multisystem autoimmune thromboinflammatory condition characterized by thrombotic and non-thrombotic clinical manifestations. APS in children and adolescents typically presents with large-vessel thrombosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, and, rarely, obstetric morbidity. Non-thrombotic clinical manifestations are frequently seen in pediatric APS and may be present even before the vascular thrombotic events occur. We review insights into the pathogenesis of APS and discuss potential targets for therapy. The identification of multiple immunologic abnormalities in patients with APS reveals molecular targets for current or future treatment. Management strategies, especially for APS in adolescents, require screening for additional prothrombotic risk factors and consideration of counseling regarding contraceptive strategies, lifestyle recommendations, treatment adherence, and mental health issues associated with this autoimmune thrombophilia. The main goal of therapy in pediatric APS is the prevention of thrombosis. The management of acute thrombosis events in children and adolescents is the same as for primary APS, which involves isolated occurrences, and secondary APS, which is seen in association with another autoimmune disease, e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus. A pediatric hematologist should be consulted so other differential thrombophilic conditions can be eliminated. Therapy includes unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin followed by vitamin K antagonists. Treatment of catastrophic APS involves triple therapy (anticoagulation, intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy, and plasma exchange) and may include intravenous immunoglobulin for children and adolescents with this condition. New drugs such as eculizumab and sirolimus seem to be promising drugs for APS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Garcia Islabão
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital da Criança de Brasília Jose Alencar, Brasília, DF Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Vitor Cavalcanti Trindade
- Faculdade de Medicina, Children and Adolescent Institute, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Licia Maria Henrique da Mota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil ,Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Children and Adolescent Institute, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil. .,Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alfeo MJ, Pagotto A, Barbieri G, Foster TJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Filippis V, Speziale P, Pietrocola G. Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein interacts with von Willebrand factor and promotes adherence to endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22799. [PMID: 34815454 PMCID: PMC8611056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of a spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. The molecular basis of this pathogenicity lies in the expression of a variety of virulence factors, including proteins that mediate adherence to the host plasma and extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, we discovered that the iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein, besides being involved in iron transport and vitronectin binding, interacts with von Willebrand Factor (vWF). IsdB-expressing bacteria bound to both soluble and immobilized vWF. The binding of recombinant IsdB to vWF was blocked by heparin and reduced at high ionic strength. Furthermore, treatment with ristocetin, an allosteric agent that promotes the exposure of the A1 domain of vWF, potentiates the binding of IsdB to vWF. Both near-iron transporter motifs NEAT1 and NEAT2 of IsdB individually bound recombinant A1 domain with KD values in the micromolar range. The binding of IsdB and adhesion of S. aureus expressing IsdB to monolayers of activated endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against the A1 domain and by IsdB reactive IgG from patients with staphylococcal endocarditis. This suggests the importance of IsdB in adherence of S. aureus to the endothelium colonization and as potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela J Alfeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Microbiology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar S, Chinnaraj M, Planer W, Zuo X, Macor P, Tedesco F, Pozzi N. An allosteric redox switch in domain V of β 2-glycoprotein I controls membrane binding and anti-domain I autoantibody recognition. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100890. [PMID: 34197876 PMCID: PMC8326733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is an abundant multidomain plasma protein that plays various roles in the clotting and complement cascades. It is also the main target of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the acquired coagulopathy known as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Previous studies have shown that β2GPI adopts two interconvertible biochemical conformations, oxidized and reduced, depending on the integrity of the disulfide bonds. However, the precise contribution of the disulfide bonds to β2GPI structure and function is unknown. Here, we substituted cysteine residues with serine to investigate how the disulfide bonds C32-C60 in domain I (DI) and C288-C326 in domain V (DV) regulate β2GPI's structure and function. Results of our biophysical and biochemical studies support the hypothesis that the C32-C60 disulfide bond plays a structural role, whereas the disulfide bond C288-C326 is allosteric. We demonstrate that absence of the C288-C326 bond, unlike absence of the C32-C60 bond, diminishes membrane binding without affecting the thermodynamic stability and overall structure of the protein, which remains elongated in solution. We also document that, while absence of the C32-C60 bond directly impairs recognition of β2GPI by pathogenic anti-DI antibodies, absence of the C288-C326 disulfide bond is sufficient to abolish complex formation in the presence of anionic phospholipids. We conclude that the disulfide bond C288-C326 operates as a molecular switch capable of regulating β2GPI's physiological functions in a redox-dependent manner. We propose that in APS patients with anti-DI antibodies, selective rupture of the C288-C326 disulfide bond may be a valid strategy to lower the pathogenic potential of aPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mathivanan Chinnaraj
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Planer
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Tedesco
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szabó G, Pénzes K, Torner B, Fagyas M, Tarr T, Soltész P, Kis G, Antal M, Kappelmayer J. Distinct and overlapping effects of β2-glycoprotein I conformational variants in ligand interactions and functional assays. J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
13
|
Cystathionine β-synthase deficiency: different changes in proteomes of thrombosis-resistant Cbs -/- mice and thrombosis-prone CBS -/- humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10726. [PMID: 32612202 PMCID: PMC7329814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)-deficient patients are prone to vascular thrombosis. In contrast, Cbs-/- mice show no abnormalities in blood coagulation. To identify molecular basis underlying these disparately different thrombotic phenotypes, we analyzed plasma proteomes of Cbs-/- vs. Cbs+/+ mice (8-month-old, 12/group, sex-matched) and CBS-/- vs. CBS+/+ humans (37 ± 7-year-old, 10-14/group, sex-matched) using label-free mass spectrometry. We identified 117 and 41 differentiating plasma proteins in Cbs-/- mice and CBS-/- humans, respectively. Twenty-one proteins were shared between CBS-/- humans and Cbs-/- mice, with sixteen changed in the opposite direction. Proteins involved in blood coagulation and complement/coagulation cascades represented a greater fraction of the differentiating proteins in CBS-/- patients (51%) than in Cbs-/- mice (21%). Top canonical pathways, identified by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, such as LXR/RXR, FXR/RXR activation (- log[P-value] = 30-31) and atherosclerosis signaling (- log[P-value] = 10-11) were similarly affected in Cbs-/- mice and CBS-/- humans. The Coagulation System was affected stronger in CBS-/- humans than in Cbs-/- mice (- log[P-value] = 15 vs. 10, respectively) while acute phase response and complement system were affected stronger in Cbs-/- mice (- log[P-value] = 33 and 22, respectively) than in humans (- log[P-value] = 22 and 6, respectively). Other pathways, including IL-7 signaling and B cell development were affected only in Cbs-/- mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that differences in these processes, in particular in the Coagulation System, could account for the thrombotic phenotype in CBS-/- patients and the absence of thrombosis in Cbs-/- mice. Overall, our findings suggest that Cbs-/- mice have a better adaptive response to protect from prothrombotic effects of hyperhomocysteinemia than CBS-/- humans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Aviñó A, Jorge AF, Huertas CS, Cova TFGG, Pais A, Lechuga LM, Eritja R, Fabrega C. Aptamer-peptide conjugates as a new strategy to modulate human α-thrombin binding affinity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1619-1630. [PMID: 31265898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules that specifically recognize their targets and have proven valuable for functionalizing sensitive biosensors. α-thrombin is a trypsin-like serine proteinase which plays a crucial role in haemostasis and thrombosis. An abnormal activity or overexpression of this protein is associated with a variety of diseases. A great deal of attention was devoted to the construction of high-throughput biosensors for accurately detect thrombin for the early diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Herein, we propose a new approach to modulate the interaction between α-thrombin and the aptamer TBA15. To this end, TBA15 was chemically conjugated to two peptide sequences (TBA-G3FIE-Ac and TBA-G3EIF-Ac) corresponding to a short fragment of the acidic region of the human factor V, which is known to interact directly with exosite I. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) results showed enhanced analytical performances of thrombin with TBA-G3EIF-Ac than with TBA wild-type, reaching a limit of detection as low as 44.9 pM. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) corroborated the SPR results. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support experimental evidences and provided further insight into thrombin/TBA-peptide interaction. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of TBA15 with key interacting peptides offers good opportunities to produce sensitive devices for thrombin detection and potential candidates to block thrombin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreia F Jorge
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - César S Huertas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, ICN2 Building, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tânia F G G Cova
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, ICN2 Building, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carme Fabrega
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leu SJJ, Lee TY, Cheng SW, Tsai MY, Lin YS, Chiou TJ, Huang KY, Chiang AN. Structural and functional characterization of β 2 -glycoprotein I domain 1 in anti-melanoma cell migration. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1974-1986. [PMID: 31012976 PMCID: PMC6549912 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that circulating β2‐glycoprotein I inhibits human endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis by diverse mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor activities of β2‐glycoprotein I using structure‐function analysis and mapped the critical region within the β2‐glycoprotein I peptide sequence that mediates anticancer effects. We constructed recombinant cDNA and purified different β2‐glycoprotein I polypeptide domains using a baculovirus expression system. We found that purified β2‐glycoprotein I, as well as recombinant β2‐glycoprotein I full‐length (D12345), polypeptide domains I‐IV (D1234), and polypeptide domain I (D1) significantly inhibited melanoma cell migration, proliferation and invasion. Western blot analyses were used to determine the dysregulated expression of proteins essential for intracellular signaling pathways in B16‐F10 treated with β2‐glycoprotein I and variant recombinant polypeptides. Using a melanoma mouse model, we found that D1 polypeptide showed stronger potency in suppressing tumor growth. Structural analysis showed that fragments A and B within domain I would be the critical regions responsible for antitumor activity. Annexin A2 was identified as the counterpart molecule for β2‐glycoprotein I by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Interaction between specific amino acids of β2‐glycoprotein I D1 and annexin A2 was later evaluated by the molecular docking approach. Moreover, five amino acid residues were selected from fragments A and B for functional evaluation using site‐directed mutagenesis, and P11A, M42A, and I55P mutations were shown to disrupt the anti‐melanoma cell migration ability of β2‐glycoprotein I. This is the first study to show the therapeutic potential of β2‐glycoprotein I D1 in the treatment of melanoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shr-Jeng Jim Leu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thrombophilia Caused by Beta2-Glycoprotein I Deficiency: In Vitro Study of a Rare Mutation in APOH Gene. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:379-385. [PMID: 30074200 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation (p.Lys38Glu) in apolipoprotein H (APOH) gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophilia. The plasma level of β2GPI was measured by ELISA and Western blotting, and anti-β2GPI antibody by ELISA. Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was assayed using the dilute Russell viper venom time. Deficiency of the major natural anticoagulants including protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (AT) and thrombomodulin (TM) was excluded from the proband. A mutation analysis was performed by amplification and sequencing of the APOH gene. Wild type and mutant (c.112A>G) APOH expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. The results showed that the thrombin generation capacity of the proband was higher than that of the other family members. Missense mutation p.Lys38Glu in APOH gene and LA coexisted in the proband. The mutation led to β2GPI deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation. It was concluded that the recurrent thrombosis of the proband is associated with the coexistence of p.Lys38Glu mutation in APOH gene and LA in plasma.
Collapse
|
17
|
De Filippis V, Acquasaliente L, Pontarollo G, Peterle D. Noncoded amino acids in protein engineering: Structure-activity relationship studies of hirudin-thrombin interaction. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:69-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Filippis
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padua; Padua Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pontarollo G, Acquasaliente L, Peterle D, Frasson R, Artusi I, De Filippis V. Non-canonical proteolytic activation of human prothrombin by subtilisin from Bacillus subtilis may shift the procoagulant-anticoagulant equilibrium toward thrombosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15161-15179. [PMID: 28684417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a finely regulated physiological process culminating with the factor Xa (FXa)-mediated conversion of the prothrombin (ProT) zymogen to active α-thrombin (αT). In the prothrombinase complex on the platelet surface, FXa cleaves ProT at Arg-271, generating the inactive precursor prethrombin-2 (Pre2), which is further attacked at Arg-320-Ile-321 to yield mature αT. Whereas the mechanism of physiological ProT activation has been elucidated in great detail, little is known about the role of bacterial proteases, possibly released in the bloodstream during infection, in inducing blood coagulation by direct proteolytic ProT activation. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning, as bacterial infections are frequently complicated by severe coagulopathies. Here, we show that addition of subtilisin (50 nm to 2 μm), a serine protease secreted by the non-pathogenic bacterium Bacillus subtilis, induces plasma clotting by proteolytically converting ProT into active σPre2, a nicked Pre2 derivative with a single cleaved Ala-470-Asn-471 bond. Notably, we found that this non-canonical cleavage at Ala-470-Asn-471 is instrumental for the onset of catalysis in σPre2, which was, however, reduced about 100-200-fold compared with αT. Of note, σPre2 could generate fibrin clots from fibrinogen, either in solution or in blood plasma, and could aggregate human platelets, either isolated or in whole blood. Our findings demonstrate that alternative cleavage of ProT by proteases, even by those secreted by non-virulent bacteria such as B. subtilis, can shift the delicate procoagulant-anticoagulant equilibrium toward thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pontarollo
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Daniele Peterle
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Roberta Frasson
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Artusi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo 5, Padua 35131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular mapping of α-thrombin (αT)/β2-glycoprotein I (β2GpI) interaction reveals how β2GpI affects αT functions. Biochem J 2016; 473:4629-4650. [PMID: 27760842 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GpI) is the major autoantigen in the antiphospholipid syndrome, a thrombotic autoimmune disease. Nonetheless, the physiological role of β2GpI is still unclear. In a recent work, we have shown that β2GpI selectively inhibits the procoagulant functions of human α-thrombin (αT; i.e. prolongs fibrin clotting time, tc, and inhibits αT-induced platelet aggregation) without affecting the unique anticoagulant activity of the protease, i.e. the proteolytic generation of the anticoagulant protein C (PC) from the PC zymogen, which interacts with αT exclusively at the protease catalytic site. Here, we used several different biochemical/biophysical techniques and molecular probes for mapping the binding sites in the αT-β2GpI complex. Our results indicate that αT exploits the highly electropositive exosite-II, which is also responsible for anchoring αT on the platelet GpIbα (platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα) receptor, for binding to a continuous negative region on β2GpI structure, spanning domain IV and (part of) domain V, whereas the protease active site and exosite-I (i.e. the fibrinogen-binding site) remain accessible for substrate/ligand binding. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the apparent increase in tc, previously observed with β2GpI, is more likely caused by alteration in the ensuing fibrin structure rather than by the inhibition of fibrinogen hydrolysis. Finally, we produced a theoretical docking model of αT-β2GpI interaction, which was in agreement with the experimental results. Altogether, these findings help to understand how β2GpI affects αT interactions and suggest that β2GpI may function as a scavenger of αT for binding to the GpIbα receptor, thus impairing platelet aggregation while enabling normal cleavage of fibrinogen and PC.
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Assaad F, Krilis SA, Giannakopoulos B. Posttranslational forms of beta 2-glycoprotein I in the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb J 2016; 14:20. [PMID: 27766046 PMCID: PMC5056467 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-016-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by a procoagulant state that predisposes to recurrent thrombosis and miscarriages. Two major discoveries have advanced our understanding of the underlying complex pathogenesis of the APS. The first was the discovery that beta-2 glycoprotein-1 (β2GPI) is the major auto antigen in APS. The second was the discovery in more recent years that β2GPI contains allosteric disulphide bonds susceptible to posttranslational modification that may be involved in the development of autoantibodies in APS. The main allosteric disulphide bond in the fifth domain of β2GPI can exist in two redox states: free thiol or oxidised. It is the conformational transformation of β2GPI from its free thiol form to its more immunogenic oxidised form that exposes neo-epitopes on the first and fifth domains. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent findings on the posttranslational forms of β2GPI in the pathogenesis of APS. We suggest that novel assays quantitating the different redox forms of β2GPI in plasma or serum may be used to supplement existing clinical and laboratory assays to more accurately stratify risk of thrombosis or miscarriage in APS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Assaad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, Level 1, 2 South Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ; St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Research and Education Centre, Level 3, 4 - 10 South St, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Steven A Krilis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, Level 1, 2 South Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ; St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Research and Education Centre, Level 3, 4 - 10 South St, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Bill Giannakopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, Level 1, 2 South Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia ; St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Research and Education Centre, Level 3, 4 - 10 South St, Kogarah, NSW 2217 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dabigatran and Argatroban Diametrically Modulate Thrombin Exosite Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157471. [PMID: 27305147 PMCID: PMC4909201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a highly plastic molecule whose activity and specificity are regulated by exosites 1 and 2, positively-charged domains that flank the active site. Exosite binding by substrates and cofactors regulates thrombin activity by localizing thrombin, guiding substrates, and by inducing allosteric changes at the active site. Although inter-exosite and exosite-to-active-site allostery have been demonstrated, the impact of active site ligation on exosite function has not been examined. To address this gap, we used surface plasmon resonance to determine the effects of dabigatran and argatroban, active site-directed inhibitors, on thrombin binding to immobilized γA/γA-fibrin or glycoprotein Ibα peptide via exosite 1 and 2, respectively, and thrombin binding to γA/γ′-fibrin or factor Va, which is mediated by both exosites. Whereas dabigatran attenuated binding, argatroban increased thrombin binding to γA/γA- and γA/γ′-fibrin and to factor Va. The results with immobilized fibrin were confirmed by examining the binding of radiolabeled thrombin to fibrin clots. Thus, dabigatran modestly accelerated the dissociation of thrombin from γA/γA-fibrin clots, whereas argatroban attenuated dissociation. Dabigatran had no effect on thrombin binding to glycoprotein Ibα peptide, whereas argatroban promoted binding. These findings not only highlight functional effects of thrombin allostery, but also suggest that individual active site-directed thrombin inhibitors uniquely modulate exosite function, thereby identifying potential novel mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
22
|
Genome-wide significant results identified for plasma apolipoprotein H levels in middle-aged and older adults. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23675. [PMID: 27030319 PMCID: PMC4814826 DOI: 10.1038/srep23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) is a multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes. ApoH levels have high heritability. We undertook a genome-wide association study of ApoH levels using the largest sample to date and replicated the results in an independent cohort (total N = 1,255). In the discovery phase, a meta-analysis of two cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) and the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (n = 942) revealed genome-wide significant results in or near the APOH gene on chromosome 17 (top SNP, rs7211380, p = 1 × 10−11). The results were replicated in an independent cohort, the Hunter Community Study (p < 0.002) (n = 313). Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) confirmed the association of the chromosomal 17 region with ApoH levels. The set of independent SNPs identified by COJO explained 23% of the variance. The relationships between the top SNPs and cardiovascular/lipid/cognition measures and diabetes were assessed in Sydney MAS, with suggestive results observed for diabetes and cognitive performance. However, replication of these results in the smaller OATS cohort was not found. This work provides impetus for future research to better understand the contribution of genetics to ApoH levels and its possible impacts on health.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sokolov AV, Acquasaliente L, Kostevich VA, Frasson R, Zakharova ET, Pontarollo G, Vasilyev VB, De Filippis V. Thrombin inhibits the anti-myeloperoxidase and ferroxidase functions of ceruloplasmin: relevance in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:279-94. [PMID: 26001728 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multifunctional copper-binding protein produced in the liver. CP oxidizes Fe(2+) to Fe(3+), decreasing the concentration of Fe(2+) available for generating harmful oxidant species. CP is also a potent inhibitor of leukocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) (Kd=130nM), a major source of oxidants in vivo. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting flexible joints and characterized by activation of both inflammatory and coagulation processes. Indeed, the levels of CP, MPO, and thrombin are markedly increased in the synovial fluid of RA patients. Here we show that thrombin cleaves CP in vitro at (481)Arg-Ser(482) and (887)Lys-Val(888) bonds, generating a nicked species that retains the native-like fold and the ferroxidase activity of the intact protein, whereas the MPO inhibitory function of CP is abrogated. Analysis of the synovial fluid of 24 RA patients reveals that CP is proteolytically degraded to a variable extent, with a fragmentation pattern similar to that observed with thrombin in vitro, and that proteolysis is blocked by hirudin, a highly potent and specific thrombin inhibitor. Using independent biophysical techniques, we show that thrombin has intrinsic affinity for CP (Kd=60-270nM), independent of proteolysis, and inhibits CP ferroxidase activity (KI=220±20nM). Mapping of thrombin binding sites with specific exosite-directed ligands (i.e., hirugen, fibrinogen γ'-peptide) and thrombin analogues having the exosites variably compromised (i.e., prothrombin, prethrombin-2, βT-thrombin) reveals that the positively charged exosite-II of thrombin binds to the negatively charged upper region of CP, while the protease active site and exosite-I remain accessible. These results suggest that thrombin can exacerbate inflammation in RA by impairing the MPO inhibitory function of CP via proteolysis and by competitively inhibiting CP ferroxidase activity. Notably, local administration of hirudin, a highly potent and specifc thrombin inhibitor, reduces the concentration of active MPO in the synovial fluid of RA patients and has a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexej V Sokolov
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia; State University of Saint Petersburg, University Embankment, 4-7, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Valeria A Kostevich
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - Roberta Frasson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Elena T Zakharova
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia; State University of Saint Petersburg, University Embankment, 4-7, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Coagulation and anticoagulation system is kept in balance by the orchestrated action of a variety of biological factors, and the disruption of this balance leads to the risk of hemorrhage or thrombosis. Oligonucleotide aptamers are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA ligands that are synthesized in vitro and bind to target molecules through dimensional structure with high specificity and affinity, and thus represent attractive candidates for the development of agents to maintain the balance of coagulation and anticoagulation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in aptamer-based application in the modulation of coagulation. The aptamers with specific chemical and biological characteristics have great potential to be explored as agents for the treatment of blood coagulation abnormalities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a natural inhibitor of thrombin. Blood 2015; 126:905-14. [PMID: 26045608 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-621292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is an effector enzyme for hemostasis and thrombosis; however, endogenous regulators of thrombin remain elusive. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a matricellular protein also known as thrombospondin-5, is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Here, we asked whether COMP is involved in the process of blood coagulation. COMP deficiency shortened tail-bleeding and clotting time and accelerated ferric-chloride-induced thrombosis in mice. The absence of COMP had no effect on platelet count. In contrast, COMP specifically inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and retraction and the thrombin-mediated cleavage of fibrinogen. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed direct thrombin-COMP binding (KD = 1.38 ± 0.24 μM). In particular, blockage of thrombin exosites with compounds specific for exosite I (hirudin and HD1 aptamer) or exosite II (heparin and HD22 aptamer) impaired the COMP-thrombin interaction, indicating a 2-site binding mechanism. Additionally, epidermal growth factor-like repeats (amino acids 84-261) were identified as a COMP binding site for thrombin. Moreover, COMP was expressed in and secreted by platelets. Using bone marrow transplantation and platelet transfusion to create chimeric mice, platelet-derived but not vessel-wall-derived COMP was demonstrated to inhibit coagulation. Taken together, COMP is an endogenous thrombin inhibitor and negative regulator of hemostasis and thrombosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kolyada A, Karageorgos I, Mahlawat P, Beglova N. An A1-A1 mutant with improved binding and inhibition of β2GPI/antibody complexes in antiphospholipid syndrome. FEBS J 2015; 282:864-73. [PMID: 25546421 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is the most common antigen for autoimmune antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Thrombosis is a clinical feature of APS. We created a molecule (A1-A1) that consists of two identical β2GPI-binding modules from ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2). A1-A1 binds to β2GPI/antibody complexes, preventing their association with ApoER2 and anionic phospholipids, and reducing thrombus size in the mouse model of APS. Here, we describe a mutant of A1-A1 (mA1-A1ND) with improved affinity for β2GPI. mA1-A1ND inhibits the binding of β2GPI to cardiolipin in the presence of anti-β2GPI antibodies, and inhibits the binding to phospholipids in plasma samples of APS patients, affecting the clotting time. Reduction of the clotting time demonstrates the presence of soluble β2GPI/antibody complexes in patients' plasma. These complexes either already exist in patients' plasma or form rapidly in the proximity to phospholipids. All members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family bind β2GPI. Modeling studies of A1 in a complex with domain V of β2GPI (β2GPI-DV) revealed two possible modes of interaction of a ligand-binding module from lipoprotein receptors with β2GPI-DV. In both orientations, the ligand-binding module interferes with binding of β2GPI to anionic phospholipids; however, it interacts with two different but overlapping sets of lysine residues in β2GPI-DV, depending on the orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kolyada
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang L, Zeng W, Lu X, Wang QY, Liu H, Cheng ZP, Wu YY, Hu B, Jian XR, Guo T, Wang HF, Hu Y. Identification of APOH polymorphisms as common genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis in the Chinese population. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1616-25. [PMID: 25081279 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thrombosis (VT) is a worldwide medical problem. In order to identify individuals at high risk early, it is necessary to find more genetic risk factors. Nowadays, the studies on genetic factors of thrombosis are mainly focused on coagulation and anticoagulation factors. The exploration of other proteins involved in thrombosis and hemostasis may lead to a breakthrough. OBJECTIVES We used APOH as a candidate gene to investigate the existence of genetic variation that could increase the risk of thrombosis. METHODS/RESULTS In the current study, with a resequencing method followed by a case-control study, four polymorphisms (c.-32C>A, c.422T>C, c.461G>A, and c.1004G>C) in APOH (encoding β2 -glycoprotein I) were found to be in high linkage disequilibrium, which could result in three haplotypes. The H2 heterozygotes and H3 homozygotes had approximately 1.5-fold and seven-fold increased risks for VT, respectively. The minor allele frequency in the general population was ~ 10%. In addition, H3 individuals showed a significantly decreased level of β2 -glycoprotein I, but an increased level of thrombin generation. Functional tests indicated that the mutant β2 -glycoprotein I had a significantly lower capacity to extend thrombin clotting time and increase thrombin generation potential. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed APOH as a new candidate gene associated with thrombosis, and further genetic research on this gene in patients in whom the cause of thrombophilia is unknown is therefore warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Banzato A, Pengo V. Clinical Relevance of β2-Glycoprotein-I Plasma Levels in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:424. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|