1
|
Eroglu E, Ozcan T. Pro-pre and Postbiotic Fermentation of the Dietetic Dairy Matrix with Prebiotic Sugar Replacers. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:726-736. [PMID: 37093514 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bacterial growth, postbiotic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) formation, and gelation properties of sugar-free probiotic milk gels produced with stevia and inulin as a sugar replacer and synbiotic interactions were investigated with regard to prebiotic/bio-therapeutic potential and consumer preference. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis cultures were used in the manufacture of dietetic milk gels. The addition of stevia and inulin promoted the viability of bacteria and enhanced milk gel firmness throughout its shelf life. The activity of the probiotic bacteria was identified to be within the potential prebiotic effects (> 8.30 log10 cfu mL-1) in a food matrix. However, it was determined that especially stevia and stevia + inulin addition increased the survival rate of probiotic bacteria and in vitro total SCFA production with higher scores for consumers' preferences rather than with the addition of stevia alone. Yoghurts containing B. animalis subsp. lactis have improved the instrumental textural properties, whereas yoghurts containing L. acidophilus had higher scores for sensorial attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eroglu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Tulay Ozcan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle, Bursa, 16059, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwok D, Scott C, Strom N, Au-Yeung F, Lam C, Chakrabarti A, Hutton T, Wolever TM. Comparison of a Daily Steviol Glycoside Beverage compared with a Sucrose Beverage for Four Weeks on Gut Microbiome in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:1298-1308. [PMID: 38408729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that some nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have deleterious effects on the human gut microbiome (HGM). The effect of steviol glycosides on the HGM has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of stevia- compared with sucrose-sweetened beverages on the HGM and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-design study, n = 59 healthy adults [female/male, n = 36/23, aged 31±9 y, body mass index (BMI): 22.6±1.7 kg/m2] consumed 16 oz of a beverage containing either 25% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of stevia or 30 g of sucrose daily for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout. At weeks 0 (baseline), 4, and 8, the HGM was characterized via shotgun sequencing, fecal SCFA concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and anthropometric measurements, fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipids, blood pressure, pulse, and 3-d diet records were obtained. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the HGM or fecal SCFA between the stevia and sucrose groups at baseline (P > 0.05). At week 4 (after intervention), there were no significant differences in the HGM at the phylum, family, genus, or species level between the stevia and sucrose groups and no significant differences in fecal SCFA. At week 4, BMI had increased by 0.3 kg/m2 (P = 0.013) in sucrose compared with stevia, but all other anthropometric and cardiometabolic measures and food intake did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). At week 8 (after washout), there were no significant differences in the HGM, fecal SFCA, or any anthropometric or cardiometabolic measure between the stevia and sucrose groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of a beverage sweetened with 25% of the ADI of stevia for 4 weeks had no significant effects on the HGM, fecal SCFA, or fasting cardiometabolic measures, compared with daily consumption of a beverage sweetened with 30 g of sucrose. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05264636.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kwok
- Frontage Laboratories (BRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Corey Scott
- Cargill R&D Center, Plymouth, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Noah Strom
- Diversigen, New Brighton, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- INQUIS Clinical Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caanan Lam
- Frontage Laboratories (BRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richardson IL, Frese SA. Non-nutritive sweeteners and their impacts on the gut microbiome and host physiology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:988144. [PMID: 36091255 PMCID: PMC9453245 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are broadly incorporated into foods, especially those representing a growing share of the beverage market. NNS are viewed as a noncaloric and desirable alternative to sugar-based sweeteners and are thought to contribute to reducing overall caloric intake. While these compounds have been studied extensively and have long been considered inert, new research has presented a different view and raises new questions about the effects of NNS on human physiology. Namely, the influence on glucose responses, the gastrointestinal epithelium, and the gut microbiome. As the gut microbiome is now recognized as a major mediator of human health and perturbations to this community are generally associated with negative health trajectories or overt disease, interactions between NNS and the gut microbiome are of increasing interest to clinicians and researchers. Several NNS compounds are now hypothesized to affect human physiology by modulating the gut microbiome, though the mechanism for this action remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to discuss the history and current knowledge of NNS, their reported utility and effects on host physiology and the gut microbiome, and describes a model for investigating the underlying mechanism behind reported effects of NNS on the gut microbiome.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chowdhury AI, Rahanur Alam M, Raihan MM, Rahman T, Islam S, Halima O. Effect of stevia leaves (
Stevia rebaudiana
Bertoni) on diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of preclinical studies. FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION 2022; 10:2868-2878. [PMID: 36171777 PMCID: PMC9469865 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural herb with biological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular disease, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis of previously published data were performed to assess the antidiabetic effect of stevia leaves. Three electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, and DOAJ) had been used for searching articles published before September 2020. Meta‐analysis via random‐effect model had been performed to assess the effects of different doses of stevia on blood glucose level (BGL) and studies were weighted according to an estimate of the standard mean difference (SMD). Overall, 16 eligible studies were selected for qualitative analysis and 9 were included for quantitative analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis for BGL showed that at the doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg of stevia leaves there was a significant difference in means of BGL between the intervention and control group and the dose of 500 mg/kg showed no significance (Standard mean difference (SMD): −3.84 (−9.96, 2.27); p = .22). Based on the duration of intervention, subgroup analysis of articles showed a significant difference between the groups (p < .001). The results of the meta‐analysis support the hypothesis that stevia leaf has an antihyperglycemic effect and reduces the blood glucose level at doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg. Therefore, more clinical trials on animals and humans have to be done to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic effects along with the efficacy and safety of these medicinal leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akibul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rahanur Alam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - M Maruf Raihan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
| | - Tanjina Rahman
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Oumma Halima
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasti AN, Nikolaki MD, Synodinou KD, Katsas KN, Petsis K, Lambrinou S, Pyrousis IA, Triantafyllou K. The Effects of Stevia Consumption on Gut Bacteria: Friend or Foe? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040744. [PMID: 35456796 PMCID: PMC9028423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia, a zero-calorie sugar substitute, is recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that stevia has antiglycemic action and antioxidant effects in adipose tissue and the vascular wall, reduces blood pressure levels and hepatic steatosis, stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, and ameliorates liver and kidney damage. The metabolism of steviol glycosides is dependent upon gut microbiota, which breaks down glycosides into steviol that can be absorbed by the host. In this review, we elucidated the effects of stevia’s consumption on the host’s gut microbiota. Due to the lack of randomized clinical trials in humans, we included in vitro using certain microbial strains and in vivo in laboratory animal studies. Results indicated that stevia consumption has a potential benefit on the microbiome’s alpha diversity. Alterations in the colonic microenvironment may depend on the amount and frequency of stevia intake, as well as on the simultaneous consumption of other dietary components. The anti-inflammatory properties of stevioside were confirmed in vitro by decreasing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 synthesis and inhibiting of NF-κB transcription factor, and in vivo by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK in laboratory animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Kalliopi D. Synodinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Katsas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Sophia Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Ioannis A. Pyrousis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (M.D.N.); (K.D.S.); (K.N.K.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (I.A.P.)
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105832090
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tavares PPLG, dos Anjos EA, Nascimento RQ, da Silva Cruz LF, Lemos PVF, Druzian JI, de Oliveira TTB, de Andrade RB, da Costa Souza AL, Magalhães-Guedes KT, de Oliveira Mamede ME. Chemical, microbiological and sensory viability of low-calorie, dairy-free kefir beverages from tropical mixed fruit juices. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1906753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Araújo dos Anjos
- Sensory Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata Quartieri Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Vitor França Lemos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (Renorbio), Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Barreto de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
de la Garza AL, Romero-Delgado B, Martínez-Tamez AM, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Camacho-Zamora BD, Matta-Yee-Chig D, Sánchez-Tapia M, Torres N, Camacho-Morales A. Maternal Sweeteners Intake Modulates Gut Microbiota and Exacerbates Learning and Memory Processes in Adult Male Offspring. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:746437. [PMID: 35071124 PMCID: PMC8777273 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.746437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that gut microbiota in offspring is derived in part from maternal environment such as diet. Thus, sweeteners intake including caloric or non-caloric during perinatal period can induce gut dysbiosis and program the offspring to develop cognitive problems later in life. Objective: To determine the effect of maternal high-sweeteners intake during gestation and lactation on gut microbiota shifts in adult male offspring rats and the impact on cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Thirty-four male pups from dams fed standard diet (Control-C, n = 10), high-sucrose diet (HS-C, n = 11), high-honey diet (Ho-C, n = 8), and high-stevia diet (HSt-C, n = 5) were fed standard diet after weaning, and body weight and food intake were recorded once a week for 26 weeks. Learning and memory tests were performed at week 23 of life using the Barnes maze. Fecal samples from the breastfeeding and adulthood periods were collected and analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of gut microbiota. Results: Maternal high-sucrose and stevia diets programmed the male offspring, and changes in microbial diversity by Shannon index were observed after weaning (p < 0.01). Furthermore, maternal high-stevia diet programming lasted into adulthood. The increase of Firmicutes abundance and the decrease in phylum Bacteroidetes were significant in HS-C and HSt-C groups. This led to an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes index, although only in HS-C group was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Of note, the downstream gram-negative Bacteroidales and the upregulation of the gram-positive Clostridiales abundance contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: These results suggest that dams fed a high-sucrose and stevia diets during gestation and lactation favor a deficient memory performance in adult male offspring rats through shifts gut microbiota diversity and relative abundance at several taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura de la Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bianca Romero-Delgado
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mayela Martínez-Tamez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cárdenas-Tueme
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bianka Dianey Camacho-Zamora
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Matta-Yee-Chig
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Genómica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Monterrey, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Selber-Hnatiw S, Sultana T, Tse W, Abdollahi N, Abdullah S, Al Rahbani J, Alazar D, Alrumhein NJ, Aprikian S, Arshad R, Azuelos JD, Bernadotte D, Beswick N, Chazbey H, Church K, Ciubotaru E, D'Amato L, Del Corpo T, Deng J, Di Giulio BL, Diveeva D, Elahie E, Frank JGM, Furze E, Garner R, Gibbs V, Goldberg-Hall R, Goldman CJ, Goltsios FF, Gorjipour K, Grant T, Greco B, Guliyev N, Habrich A, Hyland H, Ibrahim N, Iozzo T, Jawaheer-Fenaoui A, Jaworski JJ, Jhajj MK, Jones J, Joyette R, Kaudeer S, Kelley S, Kiani S, Koayes M, Kpata AJAAL, Maingot S, Martin S, Mathers K, McCullogh S, McNamara K, Mendonca J, Mohammad K, Momtaz SA, Navaratnarajah T, Nguyen-Duong K, Omran M, Ortiz A, Patel A, Paul-Cole K, Plaisir PA, Porras Marroquin JA, Prevost A, Quach A, Rafal AJ, Ramsarun R, Rhnima S, Rili L, Safir N, Samson E, Sandiford RR, Secondi S, Shahid S, Shahroozi M, Sidibé F, Smith M, Sreng Flores AM, Suarez Ybarra A, Sénéchal R, Taifour T, Tang L, Trapid A, Tremblay Potvin M, Wainberg J, Wang DN, Weissenberg M, White A, Wilkinson G, Williams B, Wilson JR, Zoppi J, Zouboulakis K, Gamberi C. Metabolic networks of the human gut microbiota. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:96-119. [PMID: 31799915 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota-host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Selber-Hnatiw
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarin Sultana
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - W Tse
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Niki Abdollahi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sheyar Abdullah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diala Alazar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nekoula Jean Alrumhein
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Saro Aprikian
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rimsha Arshad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Azuelos
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Daphney Bernadotte
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Natalie Beswick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hana Chazbey
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelsey Church
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emaly Ciubotaru
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lora D'Amato
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tavia Del Corpo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jasmine Deng
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Briana Laura Di Giulio
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diana Diveeva
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Elias Elahie
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Gordon Marcel Frank
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emma Furze
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Garner
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gibbs
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Goldberg-Hall
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chaim Jacob Goldman
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fani-Fay Goltsios
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kevin Gorjipour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Taylor Grant
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Greco
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nadir Guliyev
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Andrew Habrich
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hillary Hyland
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nabila Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tania Iozzo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anastasia Jawaheer-Fenaoui
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Julia Jane Jaworski
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maneet Kaur Jhajj
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jermaine Jones
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rodney Joyette
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samad Kaudeer
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shawn Kelley
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shayesteh Kiani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Marylin Koayes
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Maingot
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sara Martin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly Mathers
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sean McCullogh
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly McNamara
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Mendonca
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sharara Arezo Momtaz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Thiban Navaratnarajah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kathy Nguyen-Duong
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mustafa Omran
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Ortiz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anjali Patel
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kahlila Paul-Cole
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paul-Arthur Plaisir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Ashlee Prevost
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Quach
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Aries John Rafal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rewaparsad Ramsarun
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sami Rhnima
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lydia Rili
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Naomi Safir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eugenie Samson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rose Sandiford
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stefano Secondi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Shahid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mojdeh Shahroozi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fily Sidibé
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Megan Smith
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alina Maria Sreng Flores
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anabel Suarez Ybarra
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sénéchal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adam Trapid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maxim Tremblay Potvin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Justin Wainberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dani Ni Wang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mischa Weissenberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Allison White
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Wilkinson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Williams
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Joshua Roth Wilson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Johanna Zoppi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Katerina Zouboulakis
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Markus V, Share O, Teralı K, Ozer N, Marks RS, Kushmaro A, Golberg K. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Stevia Extract, Stevioside, Rebaudioside A and Their Aglycon Steviol. Molecules 2020; 25:E5480. [PMID: 33238612 PMCID: PMC7700441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Governments are creating regulations for consumers to reduce their sugar intake, prompting companies to increase the ratio of artificial sweeteners in their products. However, there is evidence of some deleterious effects ascribed to the aforementioned synthetic agents and therefore consumers and food manufacturers have turned their attention to natural dietary sweeteners, such as stevia, to meet their sweetening needs. Stevia is generally considered safe; however, emerging scientific evidence has implicated the agent in gut microbial imbalance. In general, regulation of microbial behavior is known to depend highly on signaling molecules via quorum sensing (QS) pathways. This is also true for the gut microbial community. We, therefore, evaluated the possible role of these stevia-based natural sweeteners on this bacterial communication pathway. The use of a commercial stevia herbal supplement resulted in an inhibitory effect on bacterial communication, with no observable bactericidal effect. Purified stevia extracts, including stevioside, rebaudioside A (Reb A), and steviol revealed a molecular interaction, and possible interruption of Gram-negative bacterial communication, via either the LasR or RhlR receptor. Our in-silico analyses suggest a competitive-type inhibitory role for steviol, while Reb A and stevioside are likely to inhibit LasR-mediated QS in a non-competitive manner. These results suggest the need for further safety studies on the agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Markus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (V.M.); (K.T.)
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Orr Share
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (V.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Nazmi Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia 99428, Cyprus;
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
- The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
- The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahalak KK, Firrman J, Tomasula PM, Nuñez A, Lee JJ, Bittinger K, Rinaldi W, Liu LS. Impact of Steviol Glycosides and Erythritol on the Human and Cebus apella Gut Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13093-13101. [PMID: 31869223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf extracts of Stevia rebaudiana, composed of more than 10 steviol glycosides (SGs), are used as non-nutritive, table sugar (sucrose) alternatives due to their high level of sweetness and low caloric impact. They are often combined with the sugar alcohol erythritol to increase volume and reduce aftertaste. Little is known of the impact of sugar alternatives on the human gut microbiota in terms of the diversity, composition, and metabolic products. Testing of SGs and erythritol using six representatives of the gut microbiota in vitro found no impact on bacterial growth, yet treatment with erythritol resulted in an enhancement of butyric and pentanoic acid production when tested using a human gut microbial community. Furthermore, administration of SGs and erythritol to a Cebus apella model resulted in changes to the gut microbial structure and diversity. Overall, the study did not find a negative impact of SGs and erythritol on the gut microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karley K Mahalak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Jenni Firrman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Peggy M Tomasula
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - William Rinaldi
- Alpha Genesis Inc., 95 Castle Hall Road, Yemassee, South Carolina 29945, United States
| | - Lin Shu Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal A, Filip R. What was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103073. [PMID: 33050109 PMCID: PMC7600052 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition often leads to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis, which may predispose people to excess body weight and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), similar to the general population. Obesity may exert a negative effect on the course of IBD as well as reduce the response to treatment. Moreover, it may also be an additional risk factor for vein thromboembolism during the flare. In both obesity and IBD, it is of great importance to implement proper dietary ingredients that exert desirable effect on gut microbiota. The key to reducing body mass index (BMI) and alleviating the course of IBD is preserving healthy intestinal microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aneta Sokal
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Rafał Filip
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Medicine, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nettleton JE, Cho NA, Klancic T, Nicolucci AC, Shearer J, Borgland SL, Johnston LA, Ramay HR, Noye Tuplin E, Chleilat F, Thomson C, Mayengbam S, McCoy KD, Reimer RA. Maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring. Gut 2020; 69:1807-1817. [PMID: 31996393 PMCID: PMC7497576 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption on adiposity, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota and mesolimbic pathway in obese dams and their offspring. DESIGN Following obesity induction, female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to: (1) high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) +water (obese-WTR); (2) HFS +aspartame (obese-APM; 5-7 mg/kg/day); (3) HFS +stevia (obese-STV; 2-3 mg/kg/day). Offspring were weaned onto control diet and water and followed until 18 weeks. Gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were measured in dams and offspring. Cecal matter from offspring at weaning was used for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice. RESULTS Maternal APM and STV intake with a HFS diet increased body fat in offspring at weaning and body weight long-term with APM. Maternal APM/HFS consumption impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring at age 8 weeks and both APM and STV altered faecal microbiota in dams and offspring. Maternal obesity/HFS diet affected offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance more so than maternal LCS consumption at age 12 and 18 weeks. APM and STV altered expression of genes in the mesolimbic reward system that may promote consumption of a palatable diet. GF mice receiving an FMT from obese-APM and obese-STV offspring had greater weight gain and body fat and impaired glucose tolerance compared with obese-WTR. CONCLUSION Maternal low-calorie sweetener consumption alongside HFS may disrupt weight regulation, glucose control and gut microbiota in dams and their offspring most notably in early life despite no direct low-calorie sweetener consumption by offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Leah A Johnston
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hena R Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Noye Tuplin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farid A, Hesham M, El-Dewak M, Amin A. The hidden hazardous effects of stevia and sucralose consumption in male and female albino mice in comparison to sucrose. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1290-1300. [PMID: 33132722 PMCID: PMC7584803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing sucrose with non-caloric sweeteners is an approach to avoid overweight and diabetes development. Non-caloric sweeteners are classified into either artificial as sucralose or natural as stevia. Both of them have been approved by FDA, but the effects of their chronic consumption are controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of these two sweeteners, in male and female albino mice, on different blood biochemical parameters, enzymes activities and immunological parameters after 8 and 16 weeks of sweeteners administration. 40.5 mg/ml of sucrose, 5.2 mg/ml of sucralose and 4.2 mg/ml of stevia were dissolved individually in distilled water. Mice were administrated by sweetener's solution for 5 h daily. Male and female mice showed a preference for water consumption with sucralose or stevia. Both of the two sweeteners significantly reduced the hemoglobin level, HCT%, RBCs and WBCs count. After 18 weeks, significant elevations in liver and kidney function enzymes were observed in male and female mice administrated with both non-caloric sweeteners. Histopathological examination in sucralose and stevia administrated groups confirmed the biochemical results; where it revealed a severe damage in liver and kidney sections. While, sucrose administration elevated, only, the levels of ALT, AST and cholesterol in male mice. A vigorous elevation in levels of different immunoglobulin (IgG, IgE and IgA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and -8), that was accompanied by a significant reduction in level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, was observed in male and female mice groups administrated with sucralose or stevia. On the other hand, sucrose administration led to an elevation in IgA and reduction in IL-10 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Marim Hesham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Dewak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt
| | - Ayman Amin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moriconi E, Feraco A, Marzolla V, Infante M, Lombardo M, Fabbri A, Caprio M. Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32765425 PMCID: PMC7378387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since excessive sugar consumption has been related to the development of chronic metabolic diseases prevalent in the western world, the use of sweeteners has gradually increased worldwide over the last few years. Although low- and non-calorie sweeteners may represent a valuable tool to reduce calorie intake and prevent weight gain, studies investigating the safety and efficacy of these compounds in the short- and long-term period are scarce and controversial. Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the impact of different sweeteners on central nervous system, gut hormones and gut microbiota is important, given the strong implications that changes in such systems may have for human health. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence for the neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of sweeteners, as well as their impact on gut microbiota. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of the use of sweeteners in the context of very-low calorie ketogenic diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Rienzi SC, Britton RA. Adaptation of the Gut Microbiota to Modern Dietary Sugars and Sweeteners. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:616-629. [PMID: 31696209 PMCID: PMC7231582 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar has become central to the Western diet. Cost and health concerns associated with sucrose spurred the development and consumption of other sugars and sweeteners, with the average American consuming 10 times more sugar than 100 y ago. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes are affected by changes in the consumption of sugars and other sweeteners through transcriptional, abundance, and genetic adaptations. We propose that these adaptations result in microbes taking on different metabolic, ecological, and genetic profiles along the intestinal tract. We suggest novel approaches to assess the consequences of these changes on host-microbe interactions to determine the safety of novel sugars and sweeteners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Di Rienzi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bueno-Hernández N, Vázquez-Frías R, Abreu y Abreu A, Almeda-Valdés P, Barajas-Nava L, Carmona-Sánchez R, Chávez-Sáenz J, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Espinosa-Flores A, Hernández-Rosiles V, Hernández-Vez G, Icaza-Chávez M, Noble-Lugo A, Romo-Romo A, Ruiz-Margaín A, Valdovinos-Díaz M, Zárate-Mondragón F. Review of the scientific evidence and technical opinion on noncaloric sweetener consumption in gastrointestinal diseases. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
18
|
Costa GM, Paula MM, Barão CE, Klososki SJ, Bonafé EG, Visentainer JV, Cruz AG, Pimentel TC. Yoghurt added with Lactobacillus casei and sweetened with natural sweeteners and/or prebiotics: Implications on quality parameters and probiotic survival. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
The functional and health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides with special focus on the antidiabetic potential – A review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
20
|
Bueno-Hernández N, Vázquez-Frías R, Abreu Y Abreu AT, Almeda-Valdés P, Barajas-Nava LA, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Chávez-Sáenz J, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Espinosa-Flores AJ, Hernández-Rosiles V, Hernández-Vez G, Icaza-Chávez ME, Noble-Lugo A, Romo-Romo A, Ruiz-Margaín A, Valdovinos-Díaz MA, Zárate-Mondragón FE. Review of the scientific evidence and technical opinion on noncaloric sweetener consumption in gastrointestinal diseases. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2019; 84:492-510. [PMID: 31564473 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present review of noncaloric sweeteners (NCSs) by the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología was carried out to analyze and answer some of the most frequent questions and concerns about NCS consumption in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, through a thorough review of the medical literature. A group of gastroenterologists and experts on nutrition, toxicology, microbiology, and endocrinology reviewed and analyzed the published literature on the topic. The working group formulated conclusions, based on the scientific evidence published, to give an opinion with respect to NCS ingestion. Current evidence does not confirm the carcinogenic potential of NCSs. However, the studies analyzed showed that saccharin could have a proinflammatory effect and that polyols can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and manifestations, depending on the dose and type of compound. The ingestion of xylitol, erythritol, sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame K, and saccharin could increase the secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones that regulate intestinal motility, and stevia and its derivatives could have a favorable effect on the percentage of liver fat. Caution should be taken in recommending aspartame consumption in patients with chronic liver disease because it reduces the ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids. In addition, NCS ingestion could modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, having an effect on gastrointestinal symptoms and manifestations. It is important to continue conducting causality studies on humans to be able to establish recommendations on NSC consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Bueno-Hernández
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - R Vázquez-Frías
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A T Abreu Y Abreu
- Gastroenterología, Hospital Ángeles Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México
| | - P Almeda-Valdés
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L A Barajas-Nava
- Unidad de Investigación de Medicina Basada en Evidencia, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - J Chávez-Sáenz
- Consulta privada de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Andares, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - A Consuelo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A J Espinosa-Flores
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Hernández-Vez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M E Icaza-Chávez
- Consulta privada de Gastroenterología, Hospital Star Médica, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - A Noble-Lugo
- Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Español de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Romo-Romo
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Ruiz-Margaín
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M A Valdovinos-Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F E Zárate-Mondragón
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Altered in Vitro Metabolomic Response of the Human Microbiota to Sweeteners. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070535. [PMID: 31311146 PMCID: PMC6678981 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners represent an ingredient class that directly affects human health, via the development of inflammatory processes that promote chronic diseases related to microbiota dysbiosis. Several in vitro tests were conducted in the static GIS1 simulator. The aim of the study was to highlight the effect of sweeteners on the microbiota pattern of healthy individuals, associated with any alteration in the metabolomic response, through the production of organic acids and ammonium. The immediate effect of the in vitro treatment and the influence of the specific sweetener type on the occurrence of dysbiosis were evaluated by determining the biomarkers of the microbiota response. The presence of the steviol reduced the ammonium level (minimum of 410 mg/L), while the addition of cyclamate and saccharin caused a decrease in the number of microorganisms, in addition to lowering the total quantity of synthesized short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The bifidobacteria appeared to decrease below 102 genomes/mL in all the analyzed samples at the end of the in vitro simulation period. Barring the in vitro treatment of steviol, all the sweeteners tested exerted a negative influence on the fermentative profile, resulting in a decline in the fermentative processes, a rise in the colonic pH, and uniformity of the SCFA ratio.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang QP, Browman D, Herzog H, Neely GG. Non-nutritive sweeteners possess a bacteriostatic effect and alter gut microbiota in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199080. [PMID: 29975731 PMCID: PMC6033410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are widely used in various food products and soft drinks. There is growing evidence that NNSs contribute to metabolic dysfunction and can affect body weight, glucose tolerance, appetite, and taste sensitivity. Several NNSs have also been shown to have major impacts on bacterial growth both in vitro and in vivo. Here we studied the effects of various NNSs on the growth of the intestinal bacterium, E. coli, as well as the gut bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the balance between which is associated with gut health. We found that the synthetic sweeteners acesulfame potassium, saccharin and sucralose all exerted strong bacteriostatic effects. We found that rebaudioside A, the active ingredient in the natural NNS stevia, also had similar bacteriostatic properties, and the bacteriostatic effects of NNSs varied among different Escherichia coli strains. In mice fed a chow diet, sucralose increased Firmicutes, and we observed a synergistic effect on Firmicutes when sucralose was provided in the context of a high-fat diet. In summary, our data show that NNSs have direct bacteriostatic effects and can change the intestinal microbiota in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ping Wang
- University of Sydney, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duncan Browman
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- University of Sydney, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Samuel P, Ayoob KT, Magnuson BA, Wölwer-Rieck U, Jeppesen PB, Rogers PJ, Rowland I, Mathews R. Stevia Leaf to Stevia Sweetener: Exploring Its Science, Benefits, and Future Potential. J Nutr 2018; 148:1186S-1205S. [PMID: 29982648 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steviol glycoside sweeteners are extracted and purified from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family that is native to South America, where it has been used for its sweet properties for hundreds of years. With continued increasing rates of obesity, diabetes, and other related comorbidities, in conjunction with global public policies calling for reductions in sugar intake as a means to help curb these issues, low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs, also known as high-potency sweeteners) such as stevia are gaining interest among consumers and food manufacturers. This appeal is related to stevia being plant-based, zero calorie and with a sweet taste that is 50-350 times sweeter than sugar, making it an excellent choice for use in sugar- and calorie-reduced food and beverage products. Despite the fact that the safety of stevia has been affirmed by several food regulatory and safety authorities around the world, insufficient education about stevia's safety and benefits, including continuing concern with regard to the safety of LNCSs in general, deters health professionals and consumers from recommending or using stevia. Therefore, the aim of this review and the stevia symposium that preceded this review at the ASN's annual conference in 2017 was to examine, in a comprehensive manner, the state of the science for stevia, its safety and potential health benefits, and future research and application. Topics covered included metabolism, safety and acceptable intake, dietary exposure, impact on blood glucose and insulin concentrations, energy intake and weight management, blood pressure, dental caries, naturality and processing, taste and sensory properties, regulatory status, consumer insights, and market trends. Data for stevia are limited in the case of energy intake and weight management as well as for the gut microbiome; therefore, the broader literature on LNCSs was reviewed at the symposium and therefore is also included in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith T Ayoob
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Ursula Wölwer-Rieck
- Department of Bioanalytics/Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Rogers
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leroy F, De Vuyst L. Fermented food in the context of a healthy diet: how to produce novel functional foods? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:574-81. [PMID: 25115795 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents an overview of recent studies on the production of functional fermented foods, of both traditional and innovative natures, and the mapping of the functional compounds involved. RECENT FINDINGS The functional aspects of fermented foods are mostly related to the concept of probiotic bacteria or the targeted microbial generation of functional molecules, such as bioactive peptides, during food fermentation. Apart from conventional yoghurt and fermented milks, several fermented nondairy foods are globally gaining in interest, in particular from soy or cereal origin, sometimes novel but often originating from ethnic (Asian) diets. In addition, a range of functional nonmicrobial compounds may be added to the fermented food matrix. Overall, a wide variety of potential health benefits is being claimed, yet often poorly supported by mechanistic insights and rarely demonstrated with clinical trials or even animal models. SUMMARY Although functional foods offer considerable market potential, several issues still need to be addressed. As most of the studies on functional fermented foods are of a rather descriptive and preliminary nature, there is a clear need for mechanistic studies and well controlled in-vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|