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Yang B, Tan Z, Yan J, Zhang K, Ouyang Z, Fan R, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yao X, Zhao H, Wang X, Lu S, Guo L. Phospholipase-mediated phosphate recycling during plant leaf senescence. Genome Biol 2024; 25:199. [PMID: 39075580 PMCID: PMC11285201 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is a macronutrient necessary for plant growth and development and its availability and efficient use affect crop yields. Leaves are the largest tissue that uses phosphorus in plants, and membrane phospholipids are the main source of cellular phosphorus usage. RESULTS Here we identify a key process for plant cellular phosphorus recycling mediated by membrane phospholipid hydrolysis during leaf senescence. Our results indicate that over 90% of lipid phosphorus, accounting for more than one-third of total cellular phosphorus, is recycled from senescent leaves before falling off the plants. Nonspecific phospholipase C4 (NPC4) and phospholipase Dζ2 (PLDζ2) are highly induced during leaf senescence, and knockouts of PLDζ2 and NPC4 decrease the loss of membrane phospholipids and delay leaf senescence. Conversely, overexpression of PLDζ2 and NPC4 accelerates the loss of phospholipids and leaf senescence, promoting phosphorus remobilization from senescent leaves to young tissues and plant growth. We also show that this phosphorus recycling process in senescent leaves mediated by membrane phospholipid hydrolysis is conserved in plants. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLDζ2- and NPC4-mediated membrane phospholipid hydrolysis promotes phosphorus remobilization from senescent leaves to growing tissues and that the phospholipid hydrolysis-mediated phosphorus recycling improves phosphorus use efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhewen Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yefei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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Zhang JF, Wang YY, He L, Yan JY, Liu YY, Ruan ZY, Liu WC, Yi L, Ren F. PHR1 involved in the regulation of low phosphate-induced leaf senescence by modulating phosphorus homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:799-816. [PMID: 38111215 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth, development, and reproduction. The effects of low P (LP) stress on leaf senescence and the role of PHR1 in LP-induced leaf senescence are still unknown. Here, we report that PHR1 plays a crucial role in LP-induced leaf senescence, showing delayed leaf senescence in phr1 mutant and accelerated leaf senescence in 35S:PHR1 transgenic Arabidopsis under LP stress. The transcriptional profiles indicate that 763 differentially expressed SAGs (DE-SAGs) were upregulated and 134 DE-SAGs were downregulated by LP stress. Of the 405 DE-SAGs regulated by PHR1, 27 DE-SAGs were involved in P metabolism and transport. PHR1 could bind to the promoters of six DE-SAGs (RNS1, PAP17, SAG113, NPC5, PLDζ2, and Pht1;5), and modulate them in LP-induced senescing leaves. The analysis of RNA content, phospholipase activity, acid phosphatase activity, total P and phosphate content also revealed that PHR1 promotes P liberation from senescing leaves and transport to young tissues under LP stress. Our results indicated that PHR1 is one of the crucial modulators for P recycling and redistribution under LP stress, and the drastic decline of P level is at least one of the causes of early senescence in P-deficient leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Yi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Long Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Luo J, Chen Z, Huang R, Wu Y, Liu C, Cai Z, Dong R, Arango J, Rao IM, Schultze-Kraft R, Liu G, Liu P. Multi-omics analysis reveals the roles of purple acid phosphatases in organic phosphorus utilization by the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:729-746. [PMID: 37932930 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume known for its exceptional tolerance to low phosphate (Pi), a trait believed to be linked to its high acid phosphatase (APase) activity. Previous studies have observed genotypic variations in APase activity in stylo; however, the gene encoding the crucial APase responsible for this variation remains unidentified. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were employed to identify eight Pi starvation-inducible (PSI) APases belonging to the purple APase (PAP) family in the roots of stylo and seven in the leaves. Among these PSI-PAPs, SgPAP7 exhibited a significantly positive correlation in its expression levels with the activities of both internal APase and root-associated APase across 20 stylo genotypes under low-Pi conditions. Furthermore, the recombinant SgPAP7 displayed high catalytic activity toward adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in vitro. Overexpression (OE) of SgPAP7 in Arabidopsis facilitated exogenous organic phosphorus utilization. Moreover, SgPAP7 OE lines showed lower shoot ADP and PEP levels than the wild type, implying that SgPAP7 is involved in the catabolism and recycling of endogenous ADP and PEP, which could be beneficial for plant growth in low-Pi soils. In conclusion, SgPAP7 is a key gene with a major role in stylo adaptation to low-Pi conditions by facilitating the utilization of both exogenous and endogenous organic phosphorus sources. It may also function as a PEP phosphatase involved in a glycolytic bypass pathway that minimizes the need for adenylates and Pi. Thus, SgPAP7 could be a promising target for improving tolerance of crops to low-Pi availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yuanhang Wu
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zeping Cai
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Rongshu Dong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jacobo Arango
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Idupulapati Madhusudana Rao
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Rainer Schultze-Kraft
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Jamali Langeroudi A, Sabet MS, Jalali-Javaran M, Zamani K, Lohrasebi T, Malboobi MA. Functional assessment of AtPAP17; encoding a purple acid phosphatase involved in phosphate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:719-739. [PMID: 37074554 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) includ the largest classes of non-specific plant acid phosphatases. Most characterized PAPs were found to play physiological functions in phosphorus metabolism. In this study, we investigated the function of AtPAP17 gene encoding an important purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS The full-length cDNA sequence of AtPAP17 gene under the control of CaMV-35S promoter was transferred to the A. thaliana WT plant. The generated homozygote AtPAP17-overexpressed plants were compared by the types of analyses with corresponding homozygote atpap17-mutant plant and WT in both + P (1.2 mM) and - P (0 mM) conditions. RESULTS In the + P condition, the highest and the lowest amount of Pi was observed in AtPAP17-overexpressed plants and atpap17-mutant plants by 111% increase and 38% decrease compared with the WT plants, respectively. Furthermore, under the same condition, APase activity of AtPAP17-overexpressed plants increased by 24% compared to the WT. Inversely, atpap17-mutant plant represented a 71% fall compared to WT plants. The comparison of fresh weight and dry weight in the studied plants showed that the highest and the lowest amount of absorbed water belonged to OE plants (with 38 and 12 mg plant-1) and Mu plants (with 22 and 7 mg plant-1) in + P and - P conditions, respectively. CONCLUSION The lack of AtPAP17 gene in the A. thaliana genome led to a remarkable reduction in the development of root biomass. Thus, AtPAP17 could have an important role in the root but not shoot developmental and structural programming. Consequently, this function enables them to absorb more water and eventually associated with more phosphate absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Jamali Langeroudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mokhtar Jalali-Javaran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Zamani
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Malboobi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran
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Luo J, Liu Z, Yan J, Shi W, Ying Y. Genome-Wide Identification of SPX Family Genes and Functional Characterization of PeSPX6 and PeSPX-MFS2 in Response to Low Phosphorus in Phyllostachys edulis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1496. [PMID: 37050121 PMCID: PMC10096891 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is the most widely distributed bamboo species in the subtropical regions of China. Due to the fast-growing characteristics of P. edulis, its growth requires high nutrients, including phosphorus. Previous studies have shown that SPX proteins play key roles in phosphorus signaling and homeostasis. However, the systematic identification, molecular characterization, and functional characterization of the SPX gene family have rarely been reported in P. edulis. In this study, 23 SPXs were identified and phylogenetic analysis showed that they were classified into three groups and distributed on 13 chromosomes. The analysis of conserved domains indicated that there was a high similarity between PeSPXs among SPX proteins in other species. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that PeSPX6 and PeSPX-MFS2, which were highly expressed in roots, were clearly upregulated under low phosphorus. Co-expression network analysis and a dual luciferase experiment in tobacco showed that PeWRKY6 positively regulated the PeSPX6 expression, while PeCIGR1-2, PeMYB20, PeWRKY6, and PeWRKY53 positively regulated the PeSPX-MFS2 expression. Overall, these results provide a basis for the identification of SPX genes in P. edulis and further exploration of their functions in mediating low phosphorus responses.
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Estiarte M, Campioli M, Mayol M, Penuelas J. Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 36514281 PMCID: PMC10030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar nutrient resorption (NuR) plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy. Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells. Here, we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry, physiology, and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR. Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem. Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N, whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways, making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before, during, and after foliar senescence. The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR. The efficiency of NuR decreases, especially in evergreen species, as soil fertility increases, which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability, while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant. NuR is genetically determined, with substantial interspecific variability, and is environmentally regulated in space and time, with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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Kong Y, Liu Y, Li W, Du H, Li X, Zhang C. Allelic Variation in GmPAP14 Alters Gene Expression to Affect Acid Phosphatase Activity in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065398. [PMID: 36982472 PMCID: PMC10049298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement in acid phosphatase (APase) activity is considered as an important approach to enhance phosphorus (P) utilization in crops. Here, GmPAP14 was significantly induced by low P (LP), and its transcription level in ZH15 (P efficient soybean) was higher than in NMH (P inefficient soybean) under LP conditions. Further analyses demonstrated that there were several variations in gDNA (G-GmPAP14Z and G-GmPAP14N) and the promoters (P-GmPAP14Z and P-GmPAP14N) of GmPAP14, which might bring about differential transcriptional levels of GmPAP14 in ZH15 and NMH. Histochemical staining measurements revealed that a stronger GUS signal was present in transgenic Arabidopsis with P-GmPAP14Z under LP and normal P (NP) conditions compared with the P-GmPAP14N plant. Functional research demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis with G-GmPAP14Z had a higher level of GmPAP14 expression than the G-GmPAP14N plant. Meanwhile, higher APase activity was also observed in the G-GmPAP14Z plant, which led to increases in shoot weight and P content. Additionally, validation of variation in 68 soybean accessions showed that varieties with Del36 displayed higher APase activities than the del36 plant. Thus, these results uncovered that allelic variation in GmPAP14 predominantly altered gene expression to influence APase activity, which provided a possible direction for research of this gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kong
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hui Du
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xihuan Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Qiao L, Yang C, Li X, Zhao J, Wu B, Zheng X, Li P, Zheng J. Identification of genetic loci for flag-leaf-related traits in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on grain yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990287. [PMID: 36160981 PMCID: PMC9493265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flag-leaf-related traits including length (FLL), width (FLW), area (FLA), thickness (FLT), and volume (FLV) of flag leaves are the most important determinants of plant architecture and yield in wheat. Understanding the genetic basis of these traits could accelerate the breeding of high yield wheat varieties. In this study, we constructed a doubled haploid (DH) population and analyzed flag-leaf-related traits in five experimental locations/years using the wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism array. It's worth noting that a novel method was used to measure FLT and FLV easily. Leaf thickness at two-thirds of the leaf length from tip to collar represented the average leaf thickness as measured with freehand sections and was used to calculate the leaf volume. In addition, flag-leaf-related traits showed positive correlations with yield related traits under two different water regimes. A total of 79 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the five traits were detected among all chromosomes except 4D and 5A, explaining 3.09-14.52% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, 15 stable QTL were identified in more than three environments, including two major QTL for FLT, six for FLW, three for FLA, two for FLT and two for FLV. DH lines with positive alleles at both QTL regions had an average FLL (9.90%), FLW (32.87%), FLT (6.62%), FLA (18.47%), and FLV (20.87%) greater than lines with contrasting alleles. QFLT-2B, QFLV-2A, and QFLV-7D were co-located with yield-related traits. The 15 QTL were validated by tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a different cross. QFLL-4A, QFLW-4B, QFLA-5D.1, QFLA-7A, QFLA-7D.1, QFLT-2B, QFLT-6A, QFLV-2A, and QFLV-7D are likely novel loci. These results provide a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying flag-leaf-related traits. Also, target regions for fine mapping and marker-assisted selection were identified and these will be valuable for breeding high yielding bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Chenkang Yang
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Bangbang Wu
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Xingwei Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
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Verma L, Bhadouria J, Bhunia RK, Singh S, Panchal P, Bhatia C, Eastmond PJ, Giri J. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthase 3 affects phosphate utilization and acquisition in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5033-5051. [PMID: 35526193 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids are essential to compensate for the loss of phospholipids by 'membrane lipid remodelling' in plants under phosphorus (P) deficiency conditions. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) synthases catalyse the synthesis of MGDG which is further converted into digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), later replacing phospholipids in the extraplastidial membranes. However, the roles of these enzymes are not well explored in rice. In this study, the rice MGDG synthase 3 gene (OsMGD3) was identified and functionally characterized. We showed that the plant phosphate (Pi) status and the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (OsPHR2) are involved in the transcriptional regulation of OsMGD3. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression lines of OsMGD3 were generated to explore its potential role in rice adaptation to Pi deficiency. Compared with the wild type, OsMGD3 knockout lines displayed a reduced Pi acquisition and utilization while overexpression lines showed an enhancement of the same. Further, OsMGD3 showed a predominant role in roots, altering lateral root growth. Our comprehensive lipidomic analysis revealed a role of OsMGD3 in membrane lipid remodelling, in addition to a role in regulating diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid contents that affected the expression of Pi transporters. Our study highlights the role of OsMGD3 in affecting both internal P utilization and P acquisition in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Shweta Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Guo Z, Mei Y, Wang D, Xiao D, Tang X, Gong Y, Xu X, Wang NN. Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Autophosphorylation Residues of Arabidopsis Senescence Associated Receptor-like Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168873. [PMID: 36012141 PMCID: PMC9408895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases plays important roles in the regulation of leaf senescence. We previously reported that the senescence-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase AtSARK autophosphorylates on both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues and functions as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis leaf senescence; the senescence-suppressed protein phosphatase SSPP interacts with and dephosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of AtSARK, thereby negatively regulating leaf senescence. Here, 27 autophosphorylation residues of AtSARK were revealed by mass spectrometry analysis, and six of them, including two Ser, two Thr, and two Tyr residues, were further found to be important for the biological functions of AtSARK. All site-directed mutations of these six residues that resulted in decreased autophosphorylation level of AtSARK could significantly inhibit AtSARK-induced leaf senescence. In addition, mutations mimicking the dephosphorylation form of Ser384 (S384A) or the phosphorylation form of Tyr413 (Y413E) substantially reduced the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP. All results suggest that autophosphorylation of AtSARK is essential for its functions in promoting leaf senescence. The possible roles of S384 and Y413 residues in fine-tuning the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP are discussed herein.
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11
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Xu H, Zhang H, Fan Y, Wang R, Cui R, Liu X, Chu S, Jiao Y, Zhang X, Zhang D. The purple acid phosphatase GmPAP17 predominantly enhances phosphorus use efficiency in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111283. [PMID: 35643608 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) is an important plant acid phosphatase, which can secrete to the rhizosphere to decompose organophosphorus, promote phosphorus use efficiency, plant growth and development. However, little is known about the functions of intracellular PAP in plants, especially for soybean. Our previous study integrating QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis identified an promising low phosphorus (LP)-induced gene GmPAP17. Here, we determined that GmPAP17 was mainly expressed in roots and had a strong response to LP stress. Furthermore, and the relative expression in the root of LP tolerant genotypes NN94-156 was significantly greater than that of LP sensitive genotype Bogao after LP stress treatment. The overexpression of GmPAP17 significantly enhanced both acid phosphatase activity and growth performance of hairy roots under LP stress condition, it was vice versa for RNAi interference of GmPAP17, indicating that GmPAP17 plays an important role in P use efficiency. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis showed that GmRAP2.2 was involved in the regulation network of GmPAP17. Taken together, our results suggest that GmPAP17 is a novel plant PAP that functions in the adaptation of soybean to LP stress, possibly through its involvement in P recycling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yukun Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Han Y, Hong W, Xiong C, Lambers H, Sun Y, Xu Z, Schulze WX, Cheng L. Combining analyses of metabolite profiles and phosphorus fractions to explore high phosphorus utilization efficiency in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4184-4203. [PMID: 35303743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation is a significant factor restricting crop production in agricultural systems, and enhancing the internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) of crops plays an important role in ensuring sustainable P use in agriculture. To better understand how P is remobilized to affect crop growth, we first screened P-efficient (B73 and GEMS50) and P-inefficient (Liao5114) maize genotypes at the same shoot P content, and then analyzed P pools and performed non-targeted metabolomic analyses to explore changes in cellular P fractions and metabolites in maize genotypes with contrasting PUE. We show that lipid P and nucleic acid P concentrations were significantly lower in lower leaves of P-efficient genotypes, and these P pools were remobilized to a major extent in P-efficient genotypes. Broad metabolic alterations were evident in leaves of P-efficient maize genotypes, particularly affecting products of phospholipid turnover and phosphorylated compounds, and the shikimate biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that P-efficient genotypes have a high capacity to remobilize lipid P and nucleic acid P and promote the shikimate pathway towards efficient P utilization in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wanting Hong
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chuanyong Xiong
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zikai Xu
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrient, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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13
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Nadeem M, Wu J, Ghaffari H, Kedir AJ, Saleem S, Mollier A, Singh J, Cheema M. Understanding the Adaptive Mechanisms of Plants to Enhance Phosphorus Use Efficiency on Podzolic Soils in Boreal Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804058. [PMID: 35371179 PMCID: PMC8965363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Being a macronutrient, phosphorus (P) is the backbone to complete the growth cycle of plants. However, because of low mobility and high fixation, P becomes the least available nutrient in podzolic soils; hence, enhancing phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can play an important role in different cropping systems/crop production practices to meet ever-increasing demands in food, fiber, and fuel. Additionally, the rapidly decreasing mineral phosphate rocks/stocks forced to explore alternative resources and methods to enhance PUE either through improved seed P reserves and their remobilization, P acquisition efficiency (PAE), or plant's internal P utilization efficiency (IPUE) or both for sustainable P management strategies. The objective of this review article is to explore and document important domains to enhance PUE in crop plants grown on Podzol in a boreal agroecosystem. We have discussed P availabilities in podzolic soils, root architecture and morphology, root exudates, phosphate transporters and their role in P uptake, different contributors to enhance PAE and IPUE, and strategies to improve plant PUE in crops grown on podzolic soils deficient in P and acidic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Jiaxu Wu
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | | | - Amana Jemal Kedir
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
- Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shamila Saleem
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Punjab, Khanewal, Pakistan
| | - Alain Mollier
- INRAE, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
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14
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The PAP Gene Family in Tomato: Comprehensive Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic Relationships and Expression Profiles. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040563. [PMID: 35214896 PMCID: PMC8879926 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) plays a vital role in plant phosphate acquisition and utilization, as well as cell wall synthesis and redox reactions. In this study, comprehensive comparative analyses of PAP genes were carried out using the integration of phylogeny, chromosomal localization, intron/exon structural characteristics, and expression profiling. It was shown that the number of introns of the PAP genes, which were distributed unevenly on 12 chromosomes, ranged from 1 to 12. These findings pointed to the existence of complex structures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PAPs from tomato, rice, and Arabidopsis could be divided into three groups (Groups I, II, and III). It was assumed that the diversity of these PAP genes occurred before the monocot–dicot split. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most of the genes were expressed in all of the tissues analyzed, with the exception of SlPAP02, SlPAP11, and SlPAP14, which were not detected. It was also found that expression levels of most of the SlPAP gene family of members were changed under phosphorus stress conditions, suggesting potential functional diversification. The findings of this work will help us to achieve a better insight into the function of SlPAP genes in the future, as well as enhance our understanding of their evolutionary relationships in plants.
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15
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Han Y, White PJ, Cheng L. Mechanisms for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:247-258. [PMID: 34864840 PMCID: PMC8835619 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitation of plant productivity by phosphorus (P) supply is widespread and will probably increase in the future. Relatively large amounts of P fertilizer are applied to sustain crop growth and development and to achieve high yields. However, with increasing P application, plant P efficiency generally declines, which results in greater losses of P to the environment with detrimental consequences for ecosystems. SCOPE A strategy for reducing P input and environmental losses while maintaining or increasing plant performance is the development of crops that take up P effectively from the soil (P acquisition efficiency) or promote productivity per unit of P taken up (P utilization efficiency). In this review, we describe current research on P metabolism and transport and its relevance for improving P utilization efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P utilization efficiency can be achieved by optimal partitioning of cellular P and distributing P effectively between tissues, allowing maximum growth and biomass of harvestable plant parts. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved could help design and breed crops with greater P utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Philip J White
- Department of Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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16
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O'Gallagher B, Ghahremani M, Stigter K, Walker EJL, Pyc M, Liu AY, MacIntosh GC, Mullen RT, Plaxton WC. Arabidopsis PAP17 is a dual-localized purple acid phosphatase up-regulated during phosphate deprivation, senescence, and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:382-399. [PMID: 34487166 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 35 kDa monomeric purple acid phosphatase (APase) was purified from cell wall extracts of Pi starved (-Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells and identified as AtPAP17 (At3g17790) by mass spectrometry and N-terminal microsequencing. AtPAP17 was de novo synthesized and dual-localized to the secretome and/or intracellular fraction of -Pi or salt-stressed plants, or senescing leaves. Transiently expressed AtPAP17-green fluorescent protein localized to lytic vacuoles of the Arabidopsis suspension cells. No significant biochemical or phenotypical changes associated with AtPAP17 loss of function were observed in an atpap17 mutant during Pi deprivation, leaf senescence, or salinity stress. Nevertheless, AtPAP17 is hypothesized to contribute to Pi metabolism owing to its marked up-regulation during Pi starvation and leaf senescence, broad APase substrate selectivity and pH activity profile, and rapid repression and turnover following Pi resupply to -Pi plants. While AtPAP17 also catalyzed the peroxidation of luminol, which was optimal at pH 9.2, it exhibited a low Vmax and affinity for hydrogen peroxide relative to horseradish peroxidase. These results, coupled with absence of a phenotype in the salt-stressed or -Pi atpap17 mutant, do not support proposals that the peroxidase activity of AtPAP17 contributes to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species during stresses that trigger AtPAP17 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryden O'Gallagher
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Rd, A.L. 6501H, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kyla Stigter
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emma J L Walker
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michal Pyc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Willow Biosciences, Burnaby, British Columbia V5M 3Z3, Canada
| | - Ang-Yu Liu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1079, USA
| | - Gustavo C MacIntosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1079, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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17
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Deng S, Li J, Du Z, Wu Z, Yang J, Cai H, Wu G, Xu F, Huang Y, Wang S, Wang C. Rice ACID PHOSPHATASE 1 regulates Pi stress adaptation by maintaining intracellular Pi homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:191-205. [PMID: 34550608 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and homeostasis of intracellular phosphate (Pi) are crucial for sustaining cell metabolism and growth. During short-term Pi starvation, intracellular Pi is maintained relatively constant at the expense of vacuolar Pi. After the vacuolar stored Pi is exhausted, the plant cells induce the synthesis of intracellular acid phosphatase (APase) to recycle Pi from expendable organic phosphate (Po). In this study, the expression, enzymatic activity and subcellular localization of ACID PHOSPHATASE 1 (OsACP1) were determined. OsACP1 expression is specifically induced in almost all cell types of leaves and roots under Pi stress conditions. OsACP1 encodes an acid phosphatase with broad Po substrates and localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA). The phylogenic analysis demonstrates that OsACP1 has a similar structure with human acid phosphatase PHOSPHO1. Overexpression or mutation of OsACP1 affected Po degradation and utilization, which further influenced plant growth and productivity under both Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions. Moreover, overexpression of OsACP1 significantly affected intracellular Pi homeostasis and Pi starvation signalling. We concluded that OsACP1 is an active acid phosphatase that regulates rice growth under Pi stress conditions by recycling Pi from Po in the ER and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren Deng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zezhen Du
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Bhadouria J, Giri J. Purple acid phosphatases: roles in phosphate utilization and new emerging functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:33-51. [PMID: 34402946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants strive for phosphorus (P), which is an essential mineral for their life. Since P availability is limiting in most of the world's soils, plants have evolved with a complex network of genes and their regulatory mechanisms to cope with soil P deficiency. Among them, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are predominantly associated with P remobilization within the plant and acquisition from the soil by hydrolyzing organic P compounds. P in such compounds remains otherwise unavailable to plants for assimilation. PAPs are ubiquitous in plants, and similar enzymes exist in bacteria, fungi, mammals, and unicellular eukaryotes, but having some differences in their catalytic center. In the recent past, PAPs' roles have been extended to multiple plant processes like flowering, seed development, senescence, carbon metabolism, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, signaling, and root development. While new functions have been assigned to PAPs, the underlying mechanisms remained understood poorly. Here, we review the known functions of PAPs, the regulatory mechanisms, and their relevance in crop improvement for P-use-efficiency. We then discuss the mechanisms behind their functions and propose areas worthy of future research. Finally, we argue that PAPs could be a potential target for improving P utilization in crops. In turn, this is essential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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19
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Hu X, Zhang L, Niu D, Nan S, Wu S, Gao H, Fu H. Transcriptome Analysis of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum Adaptation Strategies to Phosphate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723595. [PMID: 34712251 PMCID: PMC8545990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a global issue and a major constraint on plant growth. Plants typically acclimatize to low Pi by enhancing their P utilization and/or P acquisition efficiencies; however, different species have variable preferred strategies. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on the shoots and roots of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, under 1 day and 10 days of Pi stress, to investigate their adaptation strategies to P deprivation. A total of 364,614 unigenes and 9,270 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained via transcriptome sequencing. An analysis of the DEGs revealed that under the 10D treatment, anthocyanin synthesis genes were upregulated under Pi stress, whereas gibberellin, ethylene, and cytokinins synthesis genes were upregulated, and abscisic acid synthesis genes were downregulated. Genes related to organic acid synthesis, encoding for purple acid phosphatases (APase) and nucleases (RNase) were upregulated under the 1D and 10D treatments, respectively. Furthermore, genes associated with Pi transport were induced by Pi stress. Zygophyllum xanthoxylum has special P adaptation strategies, the variation trends of genes involved in external P mobilization and acquisition, which were different from that of most other species; however, the expression levels of organophosphorus mobilization related genes, such as APases and RNases, were significantly increased. Meanwhile, PHT2s and TPTs, which distributed Pi to effective sites (e.g., chloroplast), played critical roles in the maintenance of photosynthesis. We speculated that these were economic and energy saving strategies, and there are critical adaptive mechanisms that Z. xanthoxylum employs to cope with deficits in Pi.
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20
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Yang M, Yang H. Utilization of soil residual phosphorus and internal reuse of phosphorus by crops. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11704. [PMID: 34316395 PMCID: PMC8286700 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) participates in various assimilatory and metabolic processes in plants. Agricultural systems are facing P deficiency in many areas worldwide, while global P demand is increasing. Pioneering efforts have made us better understand the more complete use of residual P in soils and the link connecting plant P resorption to soil P deficiency, which will help to address the challenging issue of P deficiency. We summarized the state of soil "residual P" and the mechanisms of utilizing this P pool, the possible effects of planting and tillage patterns, various fertilization management practices and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms on the release of soil residual P and the link connecting leaf P resorption to soil P deficiency and the regulatory mechanisms of leaf P resorption. The utilization of soil residual P represents a great challenge and a good chance to manage P well in agricultural systems. In production practices, the combination of "optimal fertilization and agronomic measures" can be adopted to utilize residual P in soils. Some agricultural practices, such as reduced or no tillage, crop rotation, stubble retention and utilization of biofertilizers-phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms should greatly improve the conversion of various P forms in the soil due to changes in the balance of individual nutrients in the soil or due to improvements in the phosphatase profile and activity in the soil. Leaf P resorption makes the plant less dependent on soil P availability, which can promote the use efficiency of plant P and enhance the adaptability to P-deficient environments. This idea provides new options for helping to ameliorate the global P dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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21
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Dissanayaka DMSB, Ghahremani M, Siebers M, Wasaki J, Plaxton WC. Recent insights into the metabolic adaptations of phosphorus-deprived plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:199-223. [PMID: 33211873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential macronutrient required for many fundamental processes in plants, including photosynthesis and respiration, as well as nucleic acid, protein, and membrane phospholipid synthesis. The huge use of Pi-containing fertilizers in agriculture demonstrates that the soluble Pi levels of most soils are suboptimal for crop growth. This review explores recent advances concerning the understanding of adaptive metabolic processes that plants have evolved to alleviate the negative impact of nutritional Pi deficiency. Plant Pi starvation responses arise from complex signaling pathways that integrate altered gene expression with post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. The resultant remodeling of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome enhances the efficiency of root Pi acquisition from the soil, as well as the use of assimilated Pi throughout the plant. We emphasize how the up-regulation of high-affinity Pi transporters and intra- and extracellular Pi scavenging and recycling enzymes, organic acid anion efflux, membrane remodeling, and the remarkable flexibility of plant metabolism and bioenergetics contribute to the survival of Pi-deficient plants. This research field is enabling the development of a broad range of innovative and promising strategies for engineering phosphorus-efficient crops. Such cultivars are urgently needed to reduce inputs of unsustainable and non-renewable Pi fertilizers for maximum agronomic benefit and long-term global food security and ecosystem preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M S B Dissanayaka
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meike Siebers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Geng G, Wang G, Stevanato P, Lv C, Wang Q, Yu L, Wang Y. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Different Molecular Mechanisms of Sugar Beet Response to Acidic and Alkaline pH Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682799. [PMID: 34178001 PMCID: PMC8220161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil pH is a major constraint to crop plant growth and production. Limited data are available on sugar beet growth status under different pH conditions. In this study, we analyzed the growth status and phenotype of sugar beet under pH 5, pH 7.5, and pH 9.5. It was found that the growth of sugar beet was best at pH 9.5 and worst at pH 5. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots increased as pH decreased from 9.5 to 5. Moreover, compared with pH 9.5, the levels of soluble sugar and proline in leaves increased significantly at pH 5. To explore the mechanisms of sugar beet response to different soil pH environments, we hypothesized that proteins play an important role in plant response to acidic and alkaline pH environment. Thus, the proteome changes in sugar beet modulated by pH treatment were accessed by TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of three groups of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (pH 5 vs. pH 7.5, pH 9.5 vs. pH7.5 and pH 5 vs. pH 9.5) were identified in the leaves and roots of sugar beet. Several key proteins related to the difference of sugar beet response to acid (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 9.5) and involved in response to acid stress were detected and discussed. Moreover, based on proteomics results, QRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression levels of three N transporters (NTR1, NRT2.1, and NRT2.5) in roots were relatively high under alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) compared with pH 5 or pH 7.5. The total nitrogen content of pH 9.5 in sugar beet was significantly higher than that of pH 7.5 and pH 5. These studies increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of sugar beet response to different pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuguang Wang,
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23
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Tu Y, Liu H, Liu J, Tang H, Mu Y, Deng M, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Chen G, Wang J, Qi P, Pu Z, Chen G, Peng Y, Jiang Y, Xu Q, Kang H, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Ma J. QTL mapping and validation of bread wheat flag leaf morphology across multiple environments in different genetic backgrounds. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:261-278. [PMID: 33026461 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Eight major and stably expressed QTL for flag leaf morphology across eleven environments were identified and validated using newly developed KASP markers in seven biparental populations with different genetic backgrounds. Flag leaf morphology is a determinant trait influencing plant architecture and yield potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with a 55 K SNP-based constructed genetic map was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flag leaf length (FLL), width (FLW), area (FLA), angle (FLANG), opening angle (FLOA), and bend angle (FLBA) in eleven environments. Eight major QTL were detected in 11 environments with 5.73-54.38% of explained phenotypic variation. These QTL were successfully verified using the newly developed Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers in six biparental populations with different genetic backgrounds. Among these 8 major QTL, two co-located intervals were identified. Significant interactions for both FLL- and FLW-related QTL were detected. Comparison analysis showed that QFll.sau-SY-2B and QFla.sau-SY-2B are likely new loci. Significant relationships between flag leaf- and yield-related traits were observed and discussed. Several genes associated with leaf development including the ortholog of maize ZmRAVL1, a B3-domain transcription factor involved in regulation of leaf angle, were predicted in physical intervals harboring these major QTL on reference genomes of bread wheat 'Chinese spring', T. turgidum, and Aegilops tauschii. Taken together, these results broaden our understanding on genetic basis of flag leaf morphology and provide clues for fine mapping and marker-assisted breeding wheat with optimized plant architecture for promising loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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24
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Srivastava R, Akash, Parida AP, Chauhan PK, Kumar R. Identification, structure analysis, and transcript profiling of purple acid phosphatases under Pi deficiency in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its wild relatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2253-2266. [PMID: 33098900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), a family of metallo-phosphoesterase enzymes, are involved in phosphorus nutrition in plants. In this study, we report that the tomato genome encodes 25 PAP members. Physio-biochemical analyses revealed relatively lower total root-associated acid phosphatase activity in the seedlings of Solanum pimpinellifolium than their cultivated tomato seedlings under Pi deficiency. Scrutiny of their transcript abundance shows that most of PAPs are activated, although to varying levels, under Pi deficiency in tomato. Further investigation demonstrates that the magnitude of induction of phosphate starvation inducible root-associated PAP homologs remains lower in the Pi-starved S. pimpinellifolium seedlings, hence, accounting for the lower acid phosphatase activity in this wild relative. Examination of their amino acid sequences revealed significant variation in their substrate-specificity defining residues. Among all members, only SlPAP15 possesses the critical lysine residue (R337) and atypical REKA motif in its C-terminal region. Homology modeling and docking studies revealed that ADP and ATP are preferred substrates of SlPAP15. We also identified other amino acid residues present in the vicinity of the active site, possibly facilitating such physical interactions. Altogether, the results presented here will help in the functional characterization of these genes in the tomato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Srivastava
- PTRL, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Akash
- PTRL, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Adwaita Prasad Parida
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chauhan
- PTRL, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- PTRL, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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25
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Feder D, McGeary RP, Mitić N, Lonhienne T, Furtado A, Schulz BL, Henry RJ, Schmidt S, Guddat LW, Schenk G. Structural elements that modulate the substrate specificity of plant purple acid phosphatases: Avenues for improved phosphorus acquisition in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110445. [PMID: 32234228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate acquisition by plants is an essential process that is directly implicated in the optimization of crop yields. Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide range of phosphate esters and anhydrides. While some plant PAPs display a preference for ATP as the substrate, others are efficient in hydrolyzing phytate or 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PAP from red kidney bean (rkbPAP) is an efficient ATP- and ADPase, but has no activity towards phytate. Crystal structures of this enzyme in complex with ATP analogues (to 2.20 and 2.60 Å resolution, respectively) complement the recent structure of rkbPAP with a bound ADP analogue (ChemBioChem 20 (2019) 1536). Together these complexes provide the first structural insight of a PAP in complex with molecules that mimic biologically relevant substrates. Homology modeling was used to generate three-dimensional structures for the active sites of PAPs from tobacco (NtPAP) and thale cress (AtPAP26) that are efficient in hydrolyzing phytate and PEP as preferred substrates, respectively. The combining of crystallographic data, substrate docking simulations and a phylogenetic analysis of 49 plant PAP sequences (including the first PAP sequences reported from Eucalyptus) resulted in the identification of several active site residues that are important in defining the substrate specificities of plant PAPs; of particular relevance is the identification of a motif ("REKA") that is characteristic for plant PAPs that possess phytase activity. These results may inform bioengineering studies aimed at identifying and incorporating suitable plant PAP genes into crops to improve phosphorus acquisition and use efficiency. Organic phosphorus sources increasingly supplement or replace inorganic fertilizer, and efficient phosphorus use of crops will lower the environmental footprint of agriculture while enhancing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feder
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ross P McGeary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Natasa Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thierry Lonhienne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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26
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Da Ros LM, Mansfield SD. Biotechnological mechanism for improving plant remobilization of phosphorus during leaf senescence. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:470-478. [PMID: 31325405 PMCID: PMC6953190 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus enrichment of aquatic ecosystems through diffuse source pollution is an ongoing issue worldwide. A potential solution lies in the use of fast-growing, multipurpose feedstocks, such as trees, to limit the flow of phosphorus into riparian areas through luxury consumption. However, the perennial nature of trees and their use of leaves as storage organs for excess phosphorus may reduce the effectiveness of contaminant removal during periods of leaf abscission. In an attempt to improve phosphorus remobilization during autumnal senescence, transgenic hybrid poplar P39 (Populus alba × Populus grandidentata) and Arabidopsis thaliana harbouring a constitutively expressed low-affinity potato phosphate transporter (35S::StPht1-1) were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. For both species, the highest expressing 35S::StPht1-1 lines were grown alongside wild-type plants and subjected to increasing phosphate applications. StPht1-1 expression in A. thaliana led to a reduction in biomass when grown under high-phosphate conditions and had no effect on phosphate remobilization during senescence. In contrast, StPht1-1 constitutive expression in P39 resulted in increased leaf phosphate content in the highest expressing transgenic line and minimal to no effect on P resorption efficiency. Surprisingly, sulphate resorption showed the greatest improvement in all three transgenic poplar lines, displaying a 31%-37% increase in resorption efficiency. These results highlight the complexity of nutrient resorption mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia M. Da Ros
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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27
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Borniego ML, Molina MC, Guiamét JJ, Martinez DE. Physiological and Proteomic Changes in the Apoplast Accompany Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1635. [PMID: 31969890 PMCID: PMC6960232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast, i.e. the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane, undergoes important changes during senescence. Apoplastic fluid volume increases quite significantly in senescing leaves, thereby diluting its contents. Its pH elevates by about 0.8 units, similar to the apoplast alkalization in response to abiotic stresses. The levels of 159 proteins decrease, whereas 24 proteins increase in relative abundance in the apoplast of senescing leaves. Around half of the apoplastic proteins of non-senescent leaves contain a N-terminal signal peptide for secretion, while all the identified senescence-associated apoplastic proteins contain the signal peptide. Several of the apoplastic proteins that accumulate during senescence also accumulate in stress responses, suggesting that the apoplast may constitute a compartment where developmental and stress-related programs overlap. Other senescence-related apoplastic proteins are involved in cell wall modifications, proteolysis, carbohydrate, ROS and amino acid metabolism, signaling, lipid transport, etc. The most abundant senescence-associated apoplastic proteins, PR2 and PR5 (e.g. pathogenesis related proteins PR2 and PR5) are related to leaf aging rather than to the chloroplast degradation program, as their levels increase only in leaves undergoing developmental senescence, but not in dark-induced senescent leaves. Changes in the apoplastic space may be relevant for signaling and molecular trafficking underlying senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana E. Martinez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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28
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Farhadi S, Sabet MS, Malboobi MA, Moieni A. The Critical Role of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 Genes in Arabidopsis Phosphate Compensation Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:565865. [PMID: 33101335 PMCID: PMC7554520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.565865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAP)-encoding genes form a complex network that play a critical role in plant phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. Mostly, the functions of PAPs were investigated individually. However, the interactions of most of these genes in response to various concentrations of available Pi remain unknown. In this study, the roles of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes, and their relationship within Pi homeostasis context were investigated. Surprisingly, atpap17 and atpap26 mutants not only showed no obvious developmental defects, but also produced higher biomass in compare to wild type (WT) plants under normal growth conditions. Comparing gene expression patterns of these mutants with WT plant, we identified a set of genes up-regulated in mutant plants but not in WT. Based on these unexpected results and up-regulation of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes by the loss of function of each other, the hypothesis of compensation relationship between these genes in Pi homeostasis was assessed by generating atpap17/atpap26 double mutants. Observation of developmental defects in atpap17/atpap26 mutant but not in single mutants indicated a compensation relationship between AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes in Pi homeostasis network. Taken together, these results demonstrate the activation of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes to buffer against the loss of function of each other, and this compensation relationship is vital for Arabidopsis growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Farhadi
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Sadegh Sabet,
| | - Mohammad Ali Malboobi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Salmanzadeh M, Sabet MS, Moieni A, Homaee M. Heterologous expression of an acid phosphatase gene and phosphate limitation leads to substantial production of chicoric acid in Echinacea purpurea transgenic hairy roots. PLANTA 2019; 251:31. [PMID: 31823013 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A high level of the secondary metabolite chicoric acid is produced by intracellular Pi supply and extracellular phosphate limiting in Echinacea purpurea hairy roots. Chicoric acid (CA) is a secondary metabolite which is gained from Echinacea purpurea. It has been found to be one of the most potent HIV integrase inhibitors with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the low-biosynthesis level of this valuable compound becomes an inevitable obstacle limiting further commercialization. Environmental stresses, such as phosphorus (Pi) deficiency, stimulate the synthesis of chemical metabolites, but significantly reduce plant growth and biomass production. To overcome the paradox of dual opposite effect of Pi limitation, we examined the hypothesis that the intracellular Pi supply and phosphate-limiting conditions enhance the total CA production in E. purpurea hairy roots. For this purpose, the coding sequence (CDS) of a purple acid phosphatase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPAP26, under CaMV-35S promoter was overexpressed in E. purpurea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R15834. The transgenic hairy roots were cultured in a Pi-sufficient condition to increase the cellular phosphate metabolism. A short-term Pi starvation treatment of extracellular phosphate was applied to stimulate genes involved in CA biosynthesis pathway. The overexpression of AtPAP26 gene significantly increased the total APase activity in transgenic hairy roots compared to the non-transgenic roots under Pi-sufficient condition. Also, the transgenic hairy roots showed increase in the level of total and free phosphate, and in root fresh and dry weights compared to the controls. In addition, the phosphate limitation led to significant increase in the expression level of the CA biosynthesis genes. Considering the increase of biomass production in transgenic vs. non-transgenic hairy roots, a 16-fold increase was obtained in the final yield of CA for transgenic E. purpurea roots grown under -P condition compared to +P non-transgenic roots. Our results suggested that the expression of phosphatase genes and phosphate limitation were significantly effective in enhancing the final production yield and large-scale production of desired secondary metabolites in medicinal plant hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Salmanzadeh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | - Mehdi Homaee
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Velasco VME, Irani S, Axakova A, da Silva R, Summers PS, Weretilnyk EA. Evidence that tolerance of Eutrema salsugineum to low phosphate conditions is hard-wired by constitutive metabolic and root-associated adaptations. PLANTA 2019; 251:18. [PMID: 31781937 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extremophyte Eutrema salsugineum (Yukon ecotype) has adapted to an environment low in available phosphate through metabolic and root-associated traits that enables it to efficiently retrieve, use, and recycle phosphorus. Efficient phosphate (Pi) use by plants would increase crop productivity under Pi-limiting conditions and reduce our reliance on Pi applied as fertilizer. An ecotype of Eutrema salsugineum originating from the Yukon, Canada, shows no evidence of decreased relative growth rate or biomass under low Pi conditions and, as such, offers a promising model for identifying mechanisms to improve Pi use by crops. We evaluated traits associated with efficient Pi use by Eutrema (Yukon ecotype) seedlings and 4-week-old plants, including acquisition, remobilization, and the operation of metabolic bypasses. Relative to Arabidopsis, Eutrema was slower to remobilize phosphorus (P) from senescing leaves, primary and lateral roots showed a lower capacity for rhizosphere acidification, and root acid phosphatase activity was more broadly distributed and not Pi responsive. Both species produced long root hairs on low Pi media, whereas Arabidopsis root hairs were well endowed with phosphatase activity. This capacity was largely absent in Eutrema. In contrast to Arabidopsis, maximal in vitro rates of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities were not responsive to low Pi conditions suggesting that Eutrema has a constitutive and likely preferential capacity to use glycolytic bypass enzymes. Rhizosphere acidification, exudation of acid phosphatases, and rapid remobilization of leaf P are unlikely strategies used by Eutrema for coping with low Pi. Rather, equipping an entire root system for Pi acquisition and utilizing a metabolic strategy suited to deficient Pi conditions offer better explanations for how Eutrema has adapted to thrive on alkaline, highly saline soil that is naturally low in available Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Marjorie Elauria Velasco
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Solmaz Irani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anna Axakova
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rosa da Silva
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Peter S Summers
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Powers SE, Thavarajah D. Checking Agriculture's Pulse: Field Pea ( Pisum Sativum L.), Sustainability, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1489. [PMID: 31803218 PMCID: PMC6873872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations regarding the incorporation of better sustainable production strategies into current agricultural-food systems are necessary to grow crops that reduce negative impacts on the environment yet will meet the production and nutritional demand of 10 billion people by 2050. The introduction of organic, alternative staple food crops, such as nutrient-dense field pea (Pisum sativum L.), to the everyday diet, may alleviate micronutrient malnutrition and incorporate more sustainable agriculture practices globally. Varieties are grown in organic systems currently yield less than conventionally produced foods, with less bioavailable nutrients, due to poor soil nutrient content. One of the most limiting nutrients for field pea is phosphorus (P) because this legume crop requires significant inputs for nodule formation. Therefore, P use efficiency (PUE) should be a breeding target for sustainable agriculture and biofortification efforts; the important role of the soil microbiome in nutrient acquisition should also be examined. The objectives of this review are to highlight the benefits of field pea for organic agriculture and human health, and discuss nutritional breeding strategies to increase field pea production in organic systems. Field pea and other pulse crops are underrepresented in agricultural research, yet are important crops for a sustainable future and better food systems. Furthermore, because field pea is consumed globally by both developed and at-risk populations, research efforts could help increase global health overall and combat micronutrient malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, 270 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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32
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Ghahremani M, Tran H, Biglou SG, O'Gallagher B, She YM, Plaxton WC. A glycoform of the secreted purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 co-purifies with a mannose-binding lectin (AtGAL1) upregulated by phosphate-starved Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1139-1157. [PMID: 30156702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 plays a central role in Pi-scavenging by Pi-starved (-Pi) Arabidopsis. Mass spectrometry (MS) of AtPAP26-S1 and AtPAP26-S2 glycoforms secreted by -Pi suspension cells demonstrated that N-glycans at Asn365 and Asn422 were modified in AtPAP26-S2 to form high-mannose glycans. A 55-kDa protein that co-purified with AtPAP26-S2 was identified as a Galanthus nivalis agglutinin-related and apple domain lectin-1 (AtGAL1; At1g78850). MS revealed that AtGAL1 was bisphosphorylated at Tyr38 and Thr39 and glycosylated at four conserved Asn residues. When AtGAL was incubated in the presence of a thiol-reducing reagent prior to immunoblotting, its cross-reactivity with anti-AtGAL1-IgG was markedly attenuated (consistent with three predicted disulfide bonds in AtGAL1's apple domain). Secreted AtGAL1 polypeptides were upregulated to a far greater extent than AtGAL1 transcripts during Pi deprivation, indicating posttranscriptional control of AtGAL1 expression. Growth of a -Pi atgal1 mutant was unaffected, possibly due to compensation by AtGAL1's closest paralog, AtGAL2 (At1g78860). Nevertheless, AtGAL1's induction by numerous stresses combined with the broad distribution of AtGAL1-like lectins in diverse species implies an important function for AtGAL1 orthologs within the plant kingdom. We hypothesize that binding of AtPAP26-S2's high-mannose glycans by AtGAL1 enhances AtPAP26 function to facilitate Pi-scavenging by -Pi Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hue Tran
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, Canada
| | - Sanaz G Biglou
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Yi-Min She
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Ghahremani M, Park J, Anderson EM, Marty-Howard NJ, Mullen RT, Plaxton WC. Lectin AtGAL1 interacts with high-mannose glycoform of the purple acid phosphatase AtPAP26 secreted by phosphate-starved Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1158-1166. [PMID: 30341950 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joonho Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Erin M Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi J Marty-Howard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Takami T, Ohnishi N, Kurita Y, Iwamura S, Ohnishi M, Kusaba M, Mimura T, Sakamoto W. Organelle DNA degradation contributes to the efficient use of phosphate in seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:1044-1055. [PMID: 30420711 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and chloroplasts (plastids) both harbour extranuclear DNA that originates from the ancestral endosymbiotic bacteria. These organelle DNAs (orgDNAs) encode limited genetic information but are highly abundant, with multiple copies in vegetative tissues, such as mature leaves. Abundant orgDNA constitutes a substantial pool of organic phosphate along with RNA in chloroplasts, which could potentially contribute to phosphate recycling when it is degraded and relocated. However, whether orgDNA is degraded nucleolytically in leaves remains unclear. In this study, we revealed the prevailing mechanism in which organelle exonuclease DPD1 degrades abundant orgDNA during leaf senescence. The DPD1 degradation system is conserved in seed plants and, more remarkably, we found that it was correlated with the efficient use of phosphate when plants were exposed to nutrient-deficient conditions. The loss of DPD1 compromised both the relocation of phosphorus to upper tissues and the response to phosphate starvation, resulting in reduced plant fitness. Our findings highlighted that DNA is also an internal phosphate-rich reservoir retained in organelles since their endosymbiotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneaki Takami
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Norikazu Ohnishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurita
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shoko Iwamura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan.
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Jeong K, Pantoja O, Baten A, Waters D, Kretzschmar T, Wissuwa M, Julia CC, Heuer S, Rose TJ. Transcriptional response of rice flag leaves to restricted external phosphorus supply during grain filling in rice cv. IR64. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203654. [PMID: 30212503 PMCID: PMC6136725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phosphorus (P) remobilisation during leaf senescence has fundamental implications for global P cycle fluxes. Hypothesising that genes involved in remobilisation of P from leaves during grain filling would show altered expression in response to P deprivation, we investigated gene expression in rice flag leaves at 8 days after anthesis (DAA) and 16 DAA in plants that received a continuous supply of P in the nutrient solution vs plants where P was omitted from the nutrient solution for 8 consecutive days prior to measurement. The transcriptional response to growth in the absence of P differed between the early stage (8 DAA) and the later stage (16 DAA) of grain filling. At 8 DAA, rice plants maintained production of energy substrates through upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis. In contrast, at 16 DAA carbon substrates were produced by degradation of structural polysaccharides and over 50% of highly upregulated genes in P-deprived plants were associated with protein degradation and nitrogen/amino acid transport, suggesting withdrawal of P from the nutrient solution led to accelerated senescence. Genes involved in liberating inorganic P from the organic P compounds and vacuolar P transporters displayed differential expression depending on the stage of grain filling stage and timing of P withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanho Jeong
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Australia
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | - Daniel Waters
- ARC ITTC for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga NSW, Australia
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Australia
- Genotyping Services Laboratory, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Cecile C. Julia
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Australia
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Terry J. Rose
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Australia
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Dissanayaka DMSB, Plaxton WC, Lambers H, Siebers M, Marambe B, Wasaki J. Molecular mechanisms underpinning phosphorus-use efficiency in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1483-1496. [PMID: 29520969 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Orthophosphate (H2 PO4- , Pi) is an essential macronutrient integral to energy metabolism as well as a component of membrane lipids, nucleic acids, including ribosomal RNA, and therefore essential for protein synthesis. The Pi concentration in the solution of most soils worldwide is usually far too low for maximum growth of crops, including rice. This has prompted the massive use of inefficient, polluting, and nonrenewable phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agriculture. We urgently need alternative and more sustainable approaches to decrease agriculture's dependence on Pi fertilizers. These include manipulating crops by (a) enhancing the ability of their roots to acquire limiting Pi from the soil (i.e. increased P-acquisition efficiency) and/or (b) increasing the total biomass/yield produced per molecule of Pi acquired from the soil (i.e. increased P-use efficiency). Improved P-use efficiency may be achieved by producing high-yielding plants with lower P concentrations or by improving the remobilization of acquired P within the plant so as to maximize growth and biomass allocation to developing organs. Membrane lipid remodelling coupled with hydrolysis of RNA and smaller P-esters in senescing organs fuels P remobilization in rice, the world's most important cereal crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M S B Dissanayaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Meike Siebers
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Buddhi Marambe
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Jun Wasaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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Wang L, Liu D. Functions and regulation of phosphate starvation-induced secreted acid phosphatases in higher plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:108-116. [PMID: 29650148 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is essential for plant growth and development, but levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi), the major form of phosphorus that plants assimilate, are quite limiting in most soils. To cope with Pi deficiency, plants trigger a suite of adaptive responses, including the induction and secretion of acid phosphatases (APases). In this article, we describe how Pi starvation-induced (PSI) APases are analyzed, and we provide a brief historical review of their identification. We then discuss the current understanding of the functions of PSI-secreted APases and how these APases are regulated at the molecular level. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future direction of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsheng Wang
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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38
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Sun Q, Li J, Cheng W, Guo H, Liu X, Gao H. AtPAP2, a Unique Member of the PAP Family, Functions in the Plasma Membrane. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050257. [PMID: 29772783 PMCID: PMC5977197 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play various physiological roles in plants. AtPAP2 was previously shown to localize to both chloroplasts and mitochondria and to modulate carbon metabolism in Arabidopsis. Over-expression of AtPAP2 resulted in faster growth and increased biomass in several plant species, indicating its great potential for crop improvement of phosphate use and yield. Here, we studied the localization of AtPAP2 by transient expression in tobacco leaves. The results showed AtPAP2 was localized to the plasma membrane through the secretory pathway, which is different from previous studies. We also found that AtPAP2 had a close relationship with fungal PAP2-like proteins based on phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the C-terminal transmembrane domain conserved in land plants is unique among other AtPAPs except AtPAP9, which is a close homolog of AtPAP2. Taken together, our results provide information for further study of AtPAP2 in understanding its special function in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenzhen Cheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huihong Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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39
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Sabet MS, Zamani K, Lohrasebi T, Malboobi MA, Valizadeh M. Functional Assessment of an Overexpressed Arabidopsis Purple Acid Phosphatase Gene ( AtPAP26) in Tobacco Plants. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 16:e2024. [PMID: 30555844 PMCID: PMC6217264 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of known genes encoding key phosphate (Pi)-metabolizing enzymes, such as acid phosphatases (APases), is presumed to help plants with Pi availability and absorption as they are mostly exposed to suboptimal environmental conditions for this vital element. OBJECTIVES In this study, the overexpression effect of AtPAP26, one of the main contributors in retrieving Pi from intracellular and extracellular compounds, was evaluated from various viewes in tobacco plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS As a heterologous expression system, the encoding cDNA sequence of AtPAP26 was transferred into tobacco plants. RESULTS A high growth rate of the transgenic lines was observed which could be due to an increased APase activity, leading to the high total phosphorus as well as the free Pi content of the transgenic plants. Interestingly, a significant increased activity of the other APases was also noticed, indicating a networking among them. These were accompanied by less branched and short primary roots and a decreased lateral root numbers grown in Pi-starvation condition compared to the wild type seedlings. Besides, a delayed germination and dwarf phenotype indicates the possible reduction in gibberellic acid biosynthesis in the transgenic lines. CONCLUSIONS Such transgenic plants are of interest not only for increased yield but also for the reduced need for chemical fertilizers and removal of excessive Pi accumulation in soils as a consequence of fertilizers' or poultry wastes' over-usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, 5166616471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Katayoun Zamani
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Malboobi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Valizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, 5166616471, Tabriz, Iran
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Bhadouria J, Singh AP, Mehra P, Verma L, Srivastawa R, Parida SK, Giri J. Identification of Purple Acid Phosphatases in Chickpea and Potential Roles of CaPAP7 in Seed Phytate Accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11012. [PMID: 28887557 PMCID: PMC5591292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play important roles in phosphate (Pi) acquisition and utilization. These PAPs hydrolyze organic Phosphorus (P) containing compounds in rhizosphere as well as inside the plant cell. However, roles of PAPs in one of the most widely cultivated legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.), have not been unraveled so far. In the present study, we identified 25 putative PAPs in chickpea (CaPAPs) which possess functional PAP motifs and domains. Differential regulation of CaPAPs under different nutrient deficiencies revealed their roles under multiple nutrient stresses including Pi deficiency. Interestingly, most of the CaPAPs were prominently expressed in flowers and young pods indicating their roles in flower and seed development. Association mapping of SNPs underlying CaPAPs with seed traits revealed significant association of low Pi inducible CaPAP7 with seed weight and phytate content. Biochemical characterization of recombinant CaPAP7 established it to be a functional acid phosphatase with highest activity on most abundant organic-P substrate, phytate. Exogenous application of recombinant CaPAP7 enhanced biomass and Pi content of Arabidopsis seedlings supplemented with phytate as sole P source. Taken together, our results uncover the PAPs in chickpea and potential roles of CaPAP7 in seed phytate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ajit Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Poonam Mehra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rishi Srivastawa
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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41
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Holme IB, Wendt T, Gil-Humanes J, Deleuran LC, Starker CG, Voytas DF, Brinch-Pedersen H. Evaluation of the mature grain phytase candidate HvPAPhy_a gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:111-121. [PMID: 28755320 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we utilized TALEN- and CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations to analyze the promoter of the barley phytase gene HvPAPhy_a. The purpose of the study was dual, validation of the PAPhy_a enzyme as the main contributor of the mature grain phytase activity (MGPA), as well as validating the importance of a specific promoter region of the PAPhy_a gene which contains three overlapping cis-acting regulatory elements (GCN4, Skn1 and the RY-element) known to be involved in gene expression during grain filling. The results confirm that the barley PAPhy_a enzyme is the main contributor to the MGPA as grains of knock-out lines show very low MGPA. Additionally, the analysis of the HvPAPhy_a promoter region containing the GCN4/Skn1/RY motif highlights its importance for HvPAPhy_a expression as the MGPA in grains of plant lines with mutations within this motif is significantly reduced. Interestingly, lines with deletions located downstream of the motif show even lower MGPA levels, indicating that the GCN4/SKn1/RY motif is not the only element responsible for the level of PAPhy_a expression during grain maturation. Mutant grains with very low MPGA showed delayed germination as compared to grains of wild type barley. As grains with high levels of preformed phytases would provide more readily available phosphorous needed for a fast germination, this indicates that faster germination may be implicated in the positive selection of the ancient PAPhy gene duplication that lead to the creation of the PAPhy_a gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger B Holme
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Toni Wendt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Javier Gil-Humanes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Calyxt Inc., New Brighton, MN, USA
| | - Lise C Deleuran
- Department of Agroecology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Colby G Starker
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel F Voytas
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Henrik Brinch-Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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42
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Ceballos-Laita L, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Takahashi D, Abadía A, Uemura M, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the protein profiles of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) xylem sap as revealed by shotgun analyses. J Proteomics 2017; 170:117-129. [PMID: 28847647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the xylem sap proteome of tomato using a shotgun proteomic approach, with the final goal of elucidating plant response mechanisms to these stresses. This approach yielded 643 proteins reliably identified and quantified with 70% of them predicted as secretory. Iron and Mn deficiencies caused statistically significant and biologically relevant abundance changes in 119 and 118 xylem sap proteins, respectively. In both deficiencies, metabolic pathways most affected were protein metabolism, stress/oxidoreductases and cell wall modifications. First, results suggest that Fe deficiency elicited more stress responses than Mn deficiency, based on the changes in oxidative and proteolytic enzymes. Second, both nutrient deficiencies affect the secondary cell wall metabolism, with changes in Fe deficiency occurring via peroxidase activity, and in Mn deficiency involving peroxidase, Cu-oxidase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins. Third, the primary cell wall metabolism was affected by both nutrient deficiencies, with changes following opposite directions as judged from the abundances of several glycoside-hydrolases with endo-glycolytic activities and pectin esterases. Fourth, signaling pathways via xylem involving CLE and/or lipids as well as changes in phosphorylation and N-glycosylation also play a role in the responses to these stresses. Biological significance In spite of being essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, our knowledge of xylem responses to nutrient deficiencies is very limited. The present work applies a shotgun proteomic approach to unravel the effects of Fe and Mn deficiencies on the xylem sap proteome. Overall, Fe deficiency seems to elicit more stress in the xylem sap proteome than Mn deficiency, based on the changes measured in proteolytic and oxido-reductase proteins, whereas both nutrients exert modifications in the composition of the primary and secondary cell wall. Cell wall modifications could affect the mechanical and permeability properties of the xylem sap vessels, and therefore ultimately affect solute transport and distribution to the leaves. Results also suggest that signaling cascades involving lipid and peptides might play a role in nutrient stress signaling and pinpoint interesting candidates for future studies. Finally, both nutrient deficiencies seem to affect phosphorylation and glycosylation processes, again following an opposite pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Exogenous Auxin Elicits Changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana Root Proteome in a Time-Dependent Manner. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030016. [PMID: 28698516 PMCID: PMC5620533 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is involved in many aspects of root development and physiology, including the formation of lateral roots. Improving our understanding of how the auxin response is mediated at the protein level over time can aid in developing a more complete molecular framework of the process. This study evaluates the effects of exogenous auxin treatment on the Arabidopsis root proteome after exposure of young seedlings to auxin for 8, 12, and 24 h, a timeframe permitting the initiation and full maturation of individual lateral roots. Root protein extracts were processed to peptides, fractionated using off-line strong-cation exchange, and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and data independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry. Protein abundances were then tabulated using label-free techniques and evaluated for significant changes. Approximately 2000 proteins were identified during the time course experiment, with the number of differences between the treated and control roots increasing over the 24 h time period, with more proteins found at higher abundance with exposure to auxin than at reduced abundance. Although the proteins identified and changing in levels at each time point represented similar biological processes, each time point represented a distinct snapshot of the response. Auxin coordinately regulates many physiological events in roots and does so by influencing the accumulation and loss of distinct proteins in a time-dependent manner. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD001400.
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Yang SY, Huang TK, Kuo HF, Chiou TJ. Role of vacuoles in phosphorus storage and remobilization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3045-3055. [PMID: 28077447 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles play a fundamental role in storage and remobilization of various nutrients, including phosphorus (P), an essential element for cell growth and development. Cells acquire P primarily in the form of inorganic orthophosphate (Pi). However, the form of P stored in vacuoles varies by organism and tissue. Algae and yeast store polyphosphates (polyPs), whereas plants store Pi and inositol phosphates (InsPs) in vegetative tissues and seeds, respectively. In this review, we summarize how vacuolar P molecules are stored and reallocated and how these processes are regulated and co-ordinated. The roles of SYG1/PHO81/XPR1 (SPX)-domain-containing membrane proteins in allocating vacuolar P are outlined. We also highlight the importance of vacuolar P in buffering the cytoplasmic Pi concentration to maintain cellular homeostasis when the external P supply fluctuates, and present additional roles for vacuolar polyP and InsP besides being a P reserve. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of alternative pathways to recycle Pi from other P metabolites in vacuoles. Finally, future perspectives for researching this topic and its potential application in agriculture are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuei Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Li C, Li C, Zhang H, Liao H, Wang X. The purple acid phosphatase GmPAP21 enhances internal phosphorus utilization and possibly plays a role in symbiosis with rhizobia in soybean. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:215-227. [PMID: 27762446 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Induction of secreted and intracellular purple acid phosphatases (PAPs; EC 3.1.3.2) is widely recognized as an adaptation of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency. The secretion of PAPs plays important roles in P acquisition. However, little is known about the functions of intracellular PAP in plants and nodules. In this study, we identified a novel PAP gene GmPAP21 in soybean. Expression of GmPAP21 was induced by P limitation in nodules, roots and old leaves, and increased in roots with increasing duration of P starvation. Furthermore, the induction of GmPAP21 in nodules and roots was more intensive than in leaves in both P-efficient genotype HN89 and P-inefficient genotype HN112 in response to P starvation, and the relative expression in the leaves and nodules of HN89 was significantly greater than that of HN112 after P deficiency treatment. Further functional analyses showed that over-expressing GmPAP21 significantly enhanced both acid phosphatase activity and growth performance of hairy roots under P starvation condition, indicating that GmPAP21 plays an important role in P utilization. Moreover, GUS expression driven by GmPAP21 promoter was shown in the nodules besides roots. Overexpression of GmPAP21 in transgenic soybean significantly inhibited nodule growth, and thereby affected plant growth after inoculation with rhizobia. This suggests that GmPAP21 is also possibly involved in regulating P metabolism in nodules. Taken together, our results suggest that GmPAP21 is a novel plant PAP that functions in the adaptation of soybean to P starvation, possibly through its involvement in P recycling in plants and P metabolism in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Jeong K, Baten A, Waters DLE, Pantoja O, Julia CC, Wissuwa M, Heuer S, Kretzschmar T, Rose TJ. Phosphorus remobilization from rice flag leaves during grain filling: an RNA-seq study. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:15-26. [PMID: 27228336 PMCID: PMC5253468 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and molecular regulation of phosphorus (P) remobilization from vegetative tissues to grains during grain filling is poorly understood, despite the pivotal role it plays in the global P cycle. To test the hypothesis that a subset of genes involved in the P starvation response are involved in remobilization of P from flag leaves to developing grains, we conducted an RNA-seq analysis of rice flag leaves during the preremobilization phase (6 DAA) and when the leaves were acting as a P source (15 DAA). Several genes that respond to phosphate starvation, including three purple acid phosphatases (OsPAP3, OsPAP9b and OsPAP10a), were significantly up-regulated at 15 DAA, consistent with a role in remobilization of P from flag leaves during grain filling. A number of genes that have not been implicated in the phosphate starvation response, OsPAP26, SPX-MFS1 (a putative P transporter) and SPX-MFS2, also showed expression profiles consistent with involvement in P remobilization from senescing flag leaves. Metabolic pathway analysis using the KEGG system suggested plastid membrane lipid synthesis is a critical process during the P remobilization phase. In particular, the up-regulation of OsPLDz2 and OsSQD2 at 15 DAA suggested phospholipids were being degraded and replaced by other lipids to enable continued cellular function while liberating P for export to developing grains. Three genes associated with RNA degradation that have not previously been implicated in the P starvation response also showed expression profiles consistent with a role in P mobilization from senescing flag leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanho Jeong
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
- Southern Cross GeoScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | | | - Omar Pantoja
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
- Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Cecile C. Julia
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
- Southern Cross GeoScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- University of AdelaideSchool of Agriculture Food and Wine / Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG)AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Genotyping Services LaboratoryInternational Rice Research Institute (IRRI)Metro ManilaPhilippines
| | - Terry J. Rose
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
- Southern Cross GeoScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
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Zhao F, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wang W, Yang H, Tai F, Li C, Hu X. The Difference of Physiological and Proteomic Changes in Maize Leaves Adaptation to Drought, Heat, and Combined Both Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1471. [PMID: 27833614 PMCID: PMC5080359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
At the eight-leaf stage, maize is highly sensitive to stresses such as drought, heat, and their combination, which greatly affect its yield. At present, few studies have analyzed maize response to combined drought and heat stress at the eight-leaf stage. In this study, we measured certain physical parameters of maize at the eight-leaf stage when it was exposed to drought, heat, and their combination. The results showed an increase in the content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), but a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII). The most obvious increase or decrease in physical parameters was found under the combined stress condition. Moreover, to identify proteins differentially regulated by the three stress conditions at the eight-leaf stage, total proteins from the maize leaves were identified and quantified using multiplex iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic and LC-MS/MS methods. In summary, the expression levels of 135, 65, and 201 proteins were significantly changed under the heat, drought and combined stress conditions, respectively. Of the 135, 65, and 201 differentially expressed proteins, 61, 28, and 16 responded exclusively to drought stress, heat stress, and combined stress, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis implied that chaperone proteins and proteases play important roles in the adaptive response of maize to heat stress and combined stress, and that the leaf senescence promoted by ethylene-responsive protein and ripening-related protein may play active roles in maize tolerance to combined drought and heat stress. The signaling pathways related to differentially expressed proteins were obviously different under all three stress conditions. Thus, the functional characterization of these differentially expressed proteins will be helpful for discovering new targets to enhance maize tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Fuju Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
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48
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Lu L, Qiu W, Gao W, Tyerman SD, Shou H, Wang C. OsPAP10c, a novel secreted acid phosphatase in rice, plays an important role in the utilization of external organic phosphorus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2247-59. [PMID: 27411391 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Under phosphate (Pi ) starvation, plants increase the secretion of purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) into the rhizosphere to scavenge organic phosphorus (P) for plant use. To date, only a few members of the PAP family have been characterized in crops. In this study, we identified a novel secreted PAP in rice, OsPAP10c, and investigated its role in the utilization of external organic P. OsPAP10c belongs to a monocotyledon-specific subclass of Ia group PAPs and is specifically expressed in the epidermis/exodermis cell layers of roots. Both the transcript and protein levels of OsPAP10c are strongly induced by Pi starvation. OsPAP10c overexpression increased acid phosphatase (APase) activity by more than 10-fold in the culture media and almost fivefold in both roots and leaves under Pi -sufficient and Pi -deficient conditions. This increase in APase activity further improved the plant utilization efficiency of external organic P. Moreover, several APase isoforms corresponding to OsPAP10c were identified using in-gel activity assays. Under field conditions with three different Pi supply levels, OsPAP10c-overexpressing plants had significantly higher tiller numbers and shorter plant heights. This study indicates that OsPAP10c encodes a novel secreted APase that plays an important role in the utilization of external organic P in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenmin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Gemenet DC, Leiser WL, Beggi F, Herrmann LH, Vadez V, Rattunde HFW, Weltzien E, Hash CT, Buerkert A, Haussmann BIG. Overcoming Phosphorus Deficiency in West African Pearl Millet and Sorghum Production Systems: Promising Options for Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1389. [PMID: 27721815 PMCID: PMC5033954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
West Africa (WA) is among the most food insecure regions. Rapid human population growth and stagnating crop yields greatly contribute to this fact. Poor soil fertility, especially low plant available phosphorus (P) is constraining food production in the region. P-fertilizer use in WA is among the lowest in the world due to inaccessibility and high prices, often unaffordable to resource-poor subsistence farmers. This article provides an overview of soil P-deficiency in WA and opportunities to overcome it by exploiting sorghum and pearl millet genetic diversity. The topic is examined from the perspectives of plant breeding, soil science, plant physiology, plant nutrition, and agronomy, thereby referring to recent results obtained in a joint interdisciplinary research project, and reported literature. Specific objectives are to summarize: (1) The global problem of P scarcity and how it will affect WA farmers; (2) Soil P dynamics in WA soils; (3) Plant responses to P deficiency; (4) Opportunities to breed for improved crop adaptation to P-limited conditions; (5) Challenges and trade-offs for improving sorghum and pearl millet adaptation to low-P conditions in WA; and (6) Systems approaches to address soil P-deficiency in WA. Sorghum and pearl millet in WA exhibit highly significant genetic variation for P-uptake efficiency, P-utilization efficiency, and grain yield under P-limited conditions indicating the possibility of breeding P-efficient varieties. Direct selection under P-limited conditions was more efficient than indirect selection under high-P conditions. Combining P-uptake and P-utilization efficiency is recommendable for WA to avoid further soil mining. Genomic regions responsible for P-uptake, P-utilization efficiency, and grain yield under low-P have been identified in WA sorghum and pearl millet, and marker-assisted selection could be possible once these genomic regions are validated. Developing P-efficient genotypes may not, however, be a sustainable solution in itself in the long-term without replenishing the P removed from the system in harvested produce. We therefore propose the use of integrated soil fertility management and systems-oriented management such as enhanced crop-tree-livestock integration in combination with P-use-efficiency-improved varieties. Recycling P from animal bones, human excreta and urine are also possible approaches toward a partially closed and efficient P cycle in WA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willmar L. Leiser
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Ludger H. Herrmann
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Henry F. W. Rattunde
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, USA
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-MaliRemagen, Germany
| | - Eva Weltzien
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, MadisonWI, USA
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-MaliRemagen, Germany
| | - Charles T. Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsNiamey, Niger
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of KasselKassel, Germany
| | - Bettina I. G. Haussmann
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
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50
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Gao S, Gao J, Zhu X, Song Y, Li Z, Ren G, Zhou X, Kuai B. ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 Promote ABA-Mediated Chlorophyll Degradation and Leaf Senescence by Transcriptional Activation of Chlorophyll Catabolic Genes and Senescence-Associated Genes in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1272-1285. [PMID: 27373216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is an integral process of leaf senescence, and NYE1/SGR1 has been demonstrated as a key regulator of Chl catabolism in diverse plant species. In this study, using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified three abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE)-binding transcription factors, ABF2 (AREB1), ABF3, and ABF4 (AREB2), as the putative binding proteins of the NYE1 promoter. Through the transactivation analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 directly bound to and activated the NYE1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. ABA is a positive regulator of leaf senescence, and exogenously applied ABA can accelerate Chl degradation. The triple mutant of the ABFs, abf2abf3abf4, as well as two ABA-insensitive mutants, abi1-1 and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6, exhibited stay-green phenotypes after ABA treatment, along with decreased induction of NYE1 and NYE2 expression. In contrast, overexpression of ABF4 accelerated Chl degradation upon ABA treatment. Interestingly, ABF2/3/4 could also activate the expression of two Chl catabolic enzyme genes, PAO and NYC1, by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, abf2abf3abf4 exhibited a functional stay-green phenotype, and senescence-associated genes (SAGs), such as SAG29 (SWEET15), might be directly regulated by the ABFs. Taken together, our results suggest that ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 likely act as key regulators in mediating ABA-triggered Chl degradation and leaf senescence in general in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhongpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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