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Krämer U. Metal Homeostasis in Land Plants: A Perpetual Balancing Act Beyond the Fulfilment of Metalloproteome Cofactor Demands. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:27-65. [PMID: 38277698 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
One of life's decisive innovations was to harness the catalytic power of metals for cellular chemistry. With life's expansion, global atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles underwent dramatic changes. Although initially harmful, they permitted the evolution of multicellularity and the colonization of land. In land plants as primary producers, metal homeostasis faces heightened demands, in part because soil is a challenging environment for nutrient balancing. To avoid both nutrient metal limitation and metal toxicity, plants must maintain the homeostasis of metals within tighter limits than the homeostasis of other minerals. This review describes the present model of protein metalation and sketches its transfer from unicellular organisms to land plants as complex multicellular organisms. The inseparable connection between metal and redox homeostasis increasingly draws our attention to more general regulatory roles of metals. Mineral co-option, the use of nutrient or other metals for functions other than nutrition, is an emerging concept beyond that of nutritional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany;
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2
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Nicotianamine: A Key Player in Metal Homeostasis and Hyperaccumulation in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10822. [PMID: 37446000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) is a low-molecular-weight N-containing metal-binding ligand, whose accumulation in plant organs changes under metal deficiency or excess. Although NA biosynthesis can be induced in vivo by various metals, this non-proteinogenic amino acid is mainly involved in the detoxification and transport of iron, zinc, nickel, copper and manganese. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NA biosynthesis and its regulation, considers the mechanisms of NA secretion by plant roots, as well as the mechanisms of intracellular transport of NA and its complexes with metals, and its role in radial and long-distance metal transport. Its role in metal tolerance is also discussed. The NA contents in excluders, storing metals primarily in roots, and in hyperaccumulators, accumulating metals mainly in shoots, are compared. The available data suggest that NA plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation mechanisms. The study of metal-binding compounds is of interdisciplinary significance, not only regarding their effects on metal toxicity in plants, but also in connection with the development of biofortification approaches to increase the metal contents, primarily of iron and zinc, in agricultural plants, since the deficiency of these elements in food crops seriously affects human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Seregin IV, Ivanova TV, Voronkov AS, Kozhevnikova AD, Schat H. Zinc- and nickel-induced changes in fatty acid profiles in the zinc hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and non-accumulator Arabidopsis lyrata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107640. [PMID: 36958152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed at comparing zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles, oxidative stress and desaturase activity in the Zn hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and the excluder Arabidopsis lyrata to allow a better picture of the physiological mechanisms which may contribute to metal tolerance or acclimation. The most significant changes in the FA composition were observed in the shoots of the hyperaccumulator and in the roots of the excluder, and were not only metal-dependent, but also species-specific, since the most significant changes in the shoots of A. halleri were observed under Ni treatment, though Ni, in contrast to Zn, was accumulated mainly in its roots. Several FAs appeared in the roots and shoots of A. lyrata only upon metal exposure, whereas they were already found in control A. halleri. In both species, there was an increase in oleic acid under Ni treatment in both organs, whereas in Zn-treated plants the increase was shown only for the shoots. A rare conjugated α-parinaric acid was identified only in the shoots of metal-treated A. halleri. In the shoots of the hyperaccumulator, there was an increase in the content of saturated FAs and a decrease in the content of unsaturated FAs, while in the roots of the excluder, the opposite pattern was observed. These metal-induced changes in FA composition in the shoots of A. halleri can lead to a decrease in the fluidity of membranes, which could diminish the penetration of ROS into the membrane and thus maintain its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Ivanova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Alexander S Voronkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Henk Schat
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Tang Z, Wang HQ, Chen J, Chang JD, Zhao FJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and detoxification of trace metals and metalloids in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:570-593. [PMID: 36546407 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids (hereinafter referred to as trace metals) from the soil, some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations (e.g., Cu, Zn, Ni, Co), while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations (e.g., As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg). Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities. Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants, as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils. The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress, genotoxicity, programmed cell death, and disturbance in multiple physiological processes. Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity, detoxification, and regulation, as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Podar D, Maathuis FJM. The role of roots and rhizosphere in providing tolerance to toxic metals and metalloids. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:719-736. [PMID: 34622470 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activity and natural processes have led to the widespread dissemination of metals and metalloids, many of which are toxic and have a negative impact on plant growth and development. Roots, as the first point of contact, are essential in endowing plants with tolerance to excess metal(loid) in the soil. The most important root processes that contribute to tolerance are: adaptation of transport processes that affect uptake efflux and long-distance transport of metal(loid)s; metal(loid) detoxification within root cells via conjugation to thiol rich compounds and subsequent sequestration in the vacuole; plasticity in root architecture; the presence of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere that impact on metal(loid) bioavailability; the role of root exudates. In this review, we provide details on these processes and assess their relevance on the detoxification of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and zinc in crops. Furthermore, we assess which of these strategies have been tested in field conditions and whether they are effective in terms of improving crop metal(loid) tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Podar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology-Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania
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van der Ent A, de Jonge MD, Echevarria G, Aarts MGM, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J, Przybyłowicz WJ, Brueckner D, Harris HH. OUP accepted manuscript. Metallomics 2022; 14:6615454. [PMID: 35746898 PMCID: PMC9226517 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular biology and genetics of the Ni–Cd–Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens has been extensively studied, but no information is yet available on Ni and Zn redistribution and mobilization during seed germination. Due to the different physiological functions of these elements, and their associated transporter pathways, we expected differential tissue distribution and different modes of translocation of Ni and Zn during germination. This study used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence tomography techniques as well as planar elemental X-ray imaging to elucidate elemental (re)distribution at various stages of the germination process in contrasting accessions of N. caerulescens. The results show that Ni and Zn are both located primarily in the cotyledons of the emerging seedlings and Ni is highest in the ultramafic accessions (up to 0.15 wt%), whereas Zn is highest in the calamine accession (up to 600 μg g–1). The distribution of Ni and Zn in seeds was very similar, and neither element was translocated during germination. The Fe maps were especially useful to obtain spatial reference within the seeds, as it clearly marked the vasculature. This study shows how a multimodal combination of synchrotron techniques can be used to obtain powerful insights about the metal distribution in physically intact seeds and seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Correspondence: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute (SMI), Level 5, Sir James Foots Building (No. 47A), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia. Tel: +61 7 3346 4003; E-mail:
| | | | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Vandœuvre-lés-Nancy, UMR 1120, France
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wojciech J Przybyłowicz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:51-96. [PMID: 32653983 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key factors determining plant productivity. In plants, metal homeostasis is achieved through the functioning of a complex system governing metal uptake, translocation, distribution, and sequestration, leading to the maintenance of a regulated delivery of micronutrients to metal-requiring processes as well as detoxification of excess or non-essential metals. Low-molecular-weight ligands, such as nicotianamine, histidine, phytochelatins, phytosiderophores, and organic acids, play an important role in metal transport and detoxification in plants. Nicotianamine and histidine are also involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which determines the ability of some plant species to accumulate a large amount of metals in their shoots. In this review we extensively summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the main pathways for the biosynthesis of these ligands, their involvement in metal uptake, radial and long-distance transport, as well as metal influx, isolation and sequestration in plant tissues and cell compartments. It is analyzed how diverse endogenous ligand levels in plants can determine their different tolerance to metal toxic effects. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the physiological role of these compounds in metal homeostasis, which is an essential task of modern ionomics and plant physiology. It is of key importance in studying the influence of metal deficiency or excess on various physiological processes, which is a prerequisite to the improvement of micronutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity and to the development of a variety of applications in phytoremediation, phytomining, biofortification, and nutritional crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276.
| | - A D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
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8
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Doyama K, Yamaji K, Haruma T, Ishida A, Mori S, Kurosawa Y. Zn tolerance in the evergreen shrub, Aucuba japonica, naturally growing at a mine site: Cell wall immobilization, aucubin production, and Zn adsorption on fungal mycelia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257690. [PMID: 34591865 PMCID: PMC8483361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aucuba japonica Thunb. is an evergreen understory shrub that grows naturally at a mine site. The mine soil contains high concentrations of heavy metals, and A. japonica appears to maintain detoxification mechanisms against heavy metals in the study site’s understory. This study aimed to investigate the heavy metal tolerance mechanisms in A. japonica, considering the possible roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi. We conducted fieldwork in summer (canopy-foliation season) and winter (canopy-defoliation season) to measure the heavy metal concentrations in leaves, branches, and roots and analyze possible detoxicants in the roots. The infection rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi were evaluated via microscopic observation, and heavy metal (Zn) localization in A. japonica roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Field analysis showed that A. japonica accumulated excessive Zn and produced aucubin and citric acid in the roots in both summer and winter. Zn localization observations clarified that Zn was distributed in thickened epidermal and cortical cell walls, suggesting that the cell walls functioned as Zn deposition sites, reducing Zn toxicity. It was further clarified that Zn was contained within cortical cells, indicating that Zn might be detoxified by aucubin and citric acid. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi within cortical cells adsorbed Zn on fungal cell walls, indicating that these fungi would reduce Zn content within root cells and might alleviate Zn toxicity. Our results indicated that A. japonica would maintain Zn tolerance in both summer and winter via Zn immobilization in the cell walls and production of aucubin and citric acid, and that arbuscular mycorrhizal and root-endophytic fungi might play important roles in the Zn tolerance of A. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Doyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshikatsu Haruma
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shigeta Mori
- Department of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoko Kurosawa
- Department of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Rosatto S, Mariotti M, Romeo S, Roccotiello E. Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10030508. [PMID: 33803420 PMCID: PMC7998499 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The soil-root interface is the micro-ecosystem where roots uptake metals. However, less than 10% of hyperaccumulators' rhizosphere has been examined. The present study evaluated the root and shoot response to nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator species, through the analysis of root surface and biomass and the ecophysiological response of the related aboveground biomass. Ni-hyperaccumulators Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. and Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl and C. Presl) F.K. Mey. and non-hyperaccumulators Alyssum montanum L. and Thlaspi arvense L. were grown in pot on Ni-spiked soil (0-1000 mg Ni kg-1, total). Development of root surfaces was analysed with ImageJ; fresh and dry root biomass was determined. Photosynthetic efficiency was performed by analysing the fluorescence of chlorophyll a to estimate the plants' physiological conditions at the end of the treatment. Hyperaccumulators did not show a Ni-dependent decrease in root surfaces and biomass (except Ni 1000 mg kg-1 for N. caerulescens). The non-hyperaccumulator A. montanum suffers metal stress which threatens plant development, while the excluder T. arvense exhibits a positive ecophysiological response to Ni. The analysis of the root system, as a component of the rhizosphere, help to clarify the response to soil nickel and plant development under metal stress for bioremediation purposes.
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van der Ent A, Spiers KM, Brueckner D, Echevarria G, Aarts MGM, Montargès-Pelletier E. Spatially-resolved localization and chemical speciation of nickel and zinc in Noccaea tymphaea and Bornmuellera emarginata. Metallomics 2020; 11:2052-2065. [PMID: 31651002 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plants present the ideal model system for studying the physiological regulation of the essential (and potentially toxic) transition elements nickel and zinc. This study used synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) elemental imaging and spatially resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to elucidate elemental localization and chemical speciation of nickel and zinc in the hyperaccumulators Noccaea tymphaea and Bornmuellera emarginata (synonym Leptoplax emarginata). The results show that in the leaves of N. tymphaea nickel and zinc have contrasting localization, and whereas nickel is present in vacuoles of epidermal cells, zinc occurs mainly in the mesophyll cells. In the seeds Ni and Zn are similarly localized and strongly enriched in the cotyledons in N. tymphaea. Nickel is strongly enriched in the tip of the radicle of B. emarginata. Noccaea tymphaea has an Fe-rich provascular strand network in the cotyledons of the seed. The chemical speciation of Ni in the seeds of N. tymphaea is unequivocally associated with carboxylic acids, whereas Zn is present as the phytate complex. The spatially resolved spectroscopy did not reveal any spatial variation in chemical speciation of Ni and Zn within the N. tymphaea seed. The dissimilar ecophysiological behaviour of Ni and Zn in N. tymphaea and B. emarginata raises questions about the evolution of hyperaccumulation in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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11
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Balafrej H, Bogusz D, Triqui ZEA, Guedira A, Bendaou N, Smouni A, Fahr M. Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Plants: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E562. [PMID: 32365483 PMCID: PMC7284839 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential microelement involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. Abnormal zinc amounts, mostly due to human activities, can be toxic to flora, fauna, and humans. In plants, excess zinc causes morphological, biochemical, and physiological disorders. Some plants have the ability to resist and even accumulate zinc in their tissues. To date, 28 plant species have been described as zinc hyperaccumulators. These plants display several morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations resulting from the activation of molecular Zn hyperaccumulation mechanisms. These adaptations can be varied between species and within populations. In this review, we describe the physiological and biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in zinc hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Balafrej
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et développement des Plantes, Université Montpellier 2, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zine-El Abidine Triqui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelkarim Guedira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Najib Bendaou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
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12
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De Caroli M, Furini A, DalCorso G, Rojas M, Di Sansebastiano GP. Endomembrane Reorganization Induced by Heavy Metals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E482. [PMID: 32283794 PMCID: PMC7238196 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells maintain plasmatic concentrations of essential heavy metal ions, such as iron, zinc, and copper, within the optimal functional range. To do so, several molecular mechanisms have to be committed to maintain concentrations of non-essential heavy metals and metalloids, such as cadmium, mercury and arsenic below their toxicity threshold levels. Compartmentalization is central to heavy metals homeostasis and secretory compartments, finely interconnected by traffic mechanisms, are determinant. Endomembrane reorganization can have unexpected effects on heavy metals tolerance altering in a complex way membrane permeability, storage, and detoxification ability beyond gene's expression regulation. The full understanding of endomembrane role is propaedeutic to the comprehension of translocation and hyper-accumulation mechanisms and their applicative employment. It is evident that further studies on dynamic localization of these and many more proteins may significantly contribute to the understanding of heavy metals tolerance mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the endomembrane alterations involved in heavy metals compartmentalization and tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Makarena Rojas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (M.R.)
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Nguyen TQ, Hayward AR, Bruce KE, Hutchinson TC, Emery RN. Chelator production by Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. in adaptive Ni/Cu hyper-tolerance derived from fields in the Sudbury region and lab assessment. BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1139/cjb-2017-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a complex network of mechanisms to utilize and, if necessary, detoxify metals. Plants utilize constitutive basal tolerance mechanisms to maintain appropriate internal metal levels under normal conditions. However, adaptive hyper-tolerance mechanisms are used in order to tolerate excess metal exposure. The production of metal binding chelators could be one way to convey these tolerances. Chelator production of field and greenhouse-derived materials was investigated to determine any multi-metal hyper-tolerances in different populations of the grass Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Plant tissue was collected from metal-contaminated mine sites, and from specimens grown in metal exposure hydroponic experiments. The chelator metabolites from these samples were simultaneously analyzed using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. In the hydroponic grown grass, histidine was produced at high concentrations solely in the hyper-tolerant populations during metal exposure. In all of the populations, the responses of chelators were metal-specific, where levels of nicotianamine were at high concentrations during Ni exposure, and levels of phytochelatins were high during Cu exposure. Moreover, a similar pattern of chelator production was seen in the root specimens collected from mine sites contaminated with Ni and (or) Cu. Histidine was the strongest Ni chelator involved in adaptive hyper-tolerance, while constitutive basal tolerance to Ni and Cu was observed via the responses of nicotianamine and phytochelatin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Allison R. Hayward
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Kahlan E. Bruce
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Thomas C. Hutchinson
- School of the Environment, 1600 West Bank Drive, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - R.J. Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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14
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Li X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li B, Yang Y. Physiological and biochemical analysis of mechanisms underlying cadmium tolerance and accumulation in turnip. PLANT DIVERSITY 2018; 40:19-27. [PMID: 30159537 PMCID: PMC6091934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of plants to accumulate cadmium (Cd) is significant for phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils. Turnips cultivated in China include species featuring high Cd accumulation and some of these plants act as Cd hyperaccumulator landraces. These plants can accumulate over 100 mg Cd kg-1 dry weight in leaves without injury. Hence, studies that explore mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification and transport in turnip plants are essential. In the present study, we compared physiological and biochemical changes in turnip leaves treated with two Cd concentrations to controls. We discovered that Cd stress significantly increased the enzymatic activities or compound contents in the antioxidant system, including members of the glutathione-ascorbic acid cycle, whereas oxidation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remained stable. Cd treatments also increased the contents of phytochelatins as well as a number of amino acids. Based on these results, we conclude that turnips initiate a series of response processes to manage Cd treatment. First, the antioxidant system maintaining ROS homeostasis and osmotic adjustment is excited to maintain stability of cell osmotic potential. Cd is chelated into its stable form to reduce its toxicity. Cd is possibly transported to vacuoles or non-protoplasts for isolation. Amino acid synthesis may directly and indirectly play an important role in these processes. This study partly revealed physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying turnip response to Cd stress and provides information on artificially increasing or decreasing Cd accumulation in turnips and other plants.
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Key Words
- APX, ascorbate peroxidase
- Antioxidant system
- AsA, ascorbic acid
- CAT, catalase
- Cadmium
- Cd, cadmium
- DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase
- DW, dry weight
- Detoxification
- FW, fresh weight
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HM, heavy metal
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Ni, nickel
- O2-, superoxide anion
- PCs, phytochelatins
- POD, peroxidase
- Phytochelatin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- Turnip
- Zn, zinc
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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15
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Fernando DR, Marshall AT, Green PT. Cellular ion interactions in two endemic tropical rainforest species of a novel metallophytic tree genus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:119-128. [PMID: 28981909 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gossia, a small genus of physiologically novel rainforest trees restricted to the Western Pacific and belonging to a key neotropical Southern Hemisphere family, the Myrtaceae, is characterized by high foliar manganese (Mn) concentrations. This field study provides a quantitative in planta snapshot detailing cellular localization of foliar Mn and other mineral nutrients in sympatric Gossia grayi N. Snow & Guymer and Gossia shepherdii N. Snow & Guymer endemic to far northeastern Australia, and previously not examined. Elements localized in the cells of fresh hydrated leaf tissues were quantified via in vivo cryo-scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy, a non-invasive method that effectively immobilizes cell contents. Leaf anatomical differences were found between species, along with foliar Mn spatial distribution patterns. Localized cellular Mn concentrations exceeding 600 mmol kg-1 were detected in G. shepherdii, whose Mn accumulation across different mesophyll cell types was heterogeneous compared with G. grayi. In both species there was little evidence to support previous findings on other Gossia species of carboxylate association with excess Mn. The analytical X-ray data strongly implicated chloride as a counter-ion to Mn in the two species examined here. The key findings align with the hypothesis that Mn disposal in the mesophyll is a generic trait in Gossia. This research has forged an emerging view of Gossia as being characterized by unusual cellular metal and mineral accumulation patterns that vary at the species level. It contributes to current limited knowledge about generic plant metallophyty, highlighting that assimilating a broader perspective of the phenomenon demands evaluation of individual taxa through field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Fernando
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Alan T Marshall
- Analytical Electron Microscopy Laboratory, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Peter T Green
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
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16
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Tools for the Discovery of Hyperaccumulator Plant Species and Understanding Their Ecophysiology. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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17
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Merlot S, Sanchez Garcia de la Torre V, Hanikenne M. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Trace Element Hyperaccumulation. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Bothe H, Słomka A. Divergent biology of facultative heavy metal plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:45-61. [PMID: 29028613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metal plants (the metallophytes), facultative species can live both in soils contaminated by an excess of heavy metals and in non-affected sites. In contrast, obligate metallophytes are restricted to polluted areas. Metallophytes offer a fascinating biology, due to the fact that species have developed different strategies to cope with the adverse conditions of heavy metal soils. The literature distinguishes between hyperaccumulating, accumulating, tolerant and excluding metallophytes, but the borderline between these categories is blurred. Due to the fact that heavy metal soils are dry, nutrient limited and are not uniform but have a patchy distribution in many instances, drought-tolerant or low nutrient demanding species are often regarded as metallophytes in the literature. In only a few cases, the concentrations of heavy metals in soils are so toxic that only a few specifically adapted plants, the genuine metallophytes, can cope with these adverse soil conditions. Current molecular biological studies focus on the genetically amenable and hyperaccumulating Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea (Thlaspi) caerulescens of the Brassicaceae. Armeria maritima ssp. halleri utilizes glands for the excretion of heavy metals and is, therefore, a heavy metal excluder. The two endemic zinc violets of Western Europe, Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria of the Aachen-Liège area and Viola lutea ssp. westfalica of the Pb-Cu-ditch of Blankenrode, Eastern Westphalia, as well as Viola tricolor ecotypes of Eastern Europe, keep their cells free of excess heavy metals by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which bind heavy metals. The Caryophyllaceae, Silene vulgaris f. humilis and Minuartia verna, apparently discard leaves when overloaded with heavy metals. All Central European metallophytes have close relatives that grow in areas outside of heavy metal soils, mainly in the Alps, and have, therefore, been considered as relicts of the glacial epoch in the past. However, the current literature favours the idea that hyperaccumulation of heavy metals serves plants as deterrent against attack by feeding animals (termed elemental defense hypothesis). The capability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals in A. halleri and N. caerulescens is achieved by duplications and alterations of the cis-regulatory properties of genes coding for heavy metal transporting/excreting proteins. Several metallophytes have developed ecotypes with a varying content of such heavy metal transporters as an adaption to the specific toxicity of a heavy metal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bothe
- Botanical Institute, The University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Str., 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
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19
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Gupta N, Ram H, Kumar B. Mechanism of Zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-016-9390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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21
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Martos S, Gallego B, Sáez L, López-Alvarado J, Cabot C, Poschenrieder C. Characterization of Zinc and Cadmium Hyperaccumulation in Three Noccaea (Brassicaceae) Populations from Non-metalliferous Sites in the Eastern Pyrenees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 26904085 PMCID: PMC4746256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Southern slope of the Pyrenees is the meridional limit for the distribution of several Noccaea populations. However, the systematic description of these populations and their hyperaccumulation mechanisms are not well established. Morphological and genetic analysis (ITS and 3 chloroplast regions) were used to identify Noccaea populations localized on non-metallicolous soils during a survey in the Catalonian Pyrenees. Cd and Zn concentrations were analyzed in soils and plants both sampled in the field and grown hydroponically. The expression of selected metal transporter genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. The populations were identified as Noccaea brachypetala (Jord.) F.K. Mey by conspicuous morphological traits. Principal component analysis provided a clear separation among N. brachypetala, Noccaea caerulescens J. Presl & C. Presl and Noccaea occitanica (Jord.) F.K. Mey., three Noccaea species reported in the Pyrenees. Contrastingly, ITS and cpDNA analyses were unable to clearly differentiate these taxa. Differences in the expression of the metal transporter genes HMA3, HMA4, and MTP1 between N. caerulescens and N. brachypetala, and those amongst the N. brachypetala populations suggest differences in the strategies for handling enhanced Cd and Zn availability. This is the first report demonstrating Cd and Zn hyperaccumulation by N. brachypetala both in the field and in hydroponics. This comprehensive study based on taxonomic, molecular, and physiological data allows both the correct identification of this species and the characterization of population differences in hyperaccumulation and tolerance of Zn and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Gallego
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Sáez
- Botany Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Javier López-Alvarado
- Botany Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Cabot
- Biology Department, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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22
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Wu S, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wu Z, Li T, Hu Y, Su D, Lv J, Li G, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Zhang J, Chen B. Transformation and Immobilization of Chromium by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Revealed by SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, and XAFS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14036-14047. [PMID: 26551890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ubiquitous soil fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants, are known to play an important role in plant tolerance to chromium (Cr) contamination. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the direct influences of AMF on the translocation and transformation of Cr in the soil-plant continuum, are still unresolved. In a two-compartment root-organ cultivation system, the extraradical mycelium (ERM) of mycorrhizal roots was treated with 0.05 mmol L(-1) Cr(VI) for 12 days to investigate the uptake, translocation, and transformation of Cr(VI) by AMF using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), and X-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) technologies. The results indicated that AMF can immobilize quantities of Cr via reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), forming Cr(III)-phosphate analogues, likely on the fungal surface. Besides this, we also confirmed that the extraradical mycelium (ERM) can actively take up Cr [either in the form of Cr(VI) or Cr(III)] and transport Cr [potentially in the form of Cr(III)-histidine analogues] to mycorrhizal roots but immobilize most of the Cr(III) in the fungal structures. Based on an X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy analysis of Cr(VI)-treated roots, we proposed that the intraradical fungal structures can also immobilize Cr within mycorrhizal roots. Our findings confirmed the immobilization of Cr by AMF, which plays an essential role in the Cr(VI) tolerance of AM symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yuqing Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Su
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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23
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Ricachenevsky FK, Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Fett JP. Got to hide your Zn away: Molecular control of Zn accumulation and biotechnological applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:1-17. [PMID: 26025516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, with key catalytic and structural functions. Zn deficiency in plants, common in alkaline soils, results in growth arrest and sterility. On the other hand, Zn can become toxic at elevated concentrations. Several studies revealed molecules involved with metal acquisition in roots, distribution within the plant and translocation to seeds. Transmembrane Zn transport proteins and Zn chelators are involved in avoiding its toxic effects. Plant species with the capacity to hyperaccumulate and hypertolerate Zn have been characterized. Plants that accumulate and tolerate high amounts of Zn and produce abundant biomass may be useful for phytoremediation, allowing cleaning of metal-contaminated soils. The study of Zn hyperaccumulators may provide indications of genes and processes useful for biofortification, for developing crops with high amounts of nutrients in edible tissues. Future research needs to focus on functional characterization of Zn transporters in planta, elucidation of Zn uptake and sensing mechanisms, and on understanding the cross-talk between Zn homeostasis and other physiological processes. For this, new research should use multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and emerging techniques, such as genome-encoded metal sensors and multi-element imaging, quantification and speciation using synchrotron-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Janette Palma Fett
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Cornu JY, Deinlein U, Höreth S, Braun M, Schmidt H, Weber M, Persson DP, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Clemens S. Contrasting effects of nicotianamine synthase knockdown on zinc and nickel tolerance and accumulation in the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:738-750. [PMID: 25545296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nicotianamine synthesis in roots of Arabidopsis halleri has been established as a zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation factor. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of nicotianamine-dependent root-to-shoot translocation of metals. Metal tolerance and accumulation in wild-type (WT) and AhNAS2-RNA interference (RNAi) plants were analysed. Xylem exudates were subjected to speciation analysis and metabolite profiling. Suppression of root nicotianamine synthesis had no effect on Zn and cadmium (Cd) tolerance but rendered plants nickel (Ni)-hypersensitive. It also led to a reduction of Zn root-to-shoot translocation, yet had the opposite effect on Ni mobility, even though both metals form coordination complexes of similar stability with nicotianamine. Xylem Zn concentrations were positively, yet nonstoichiometrically, correlated with nicotianamine concentrations. Two fractions containing Zn coordination complexes were detected in WT xylem. One of them was strongly reduced in AhNAS2-suppressed plants and coeluted with (67) Zn-labelled organic acid complexes. Organic acid concentrations were not responsive to nicotianamine concentrations and sufficiently high to account for complexing the coordinated Zn. We propose a key role for nicotianamine in controlling the efficiency of Zn xylem loading and thereby the formation of Zn coordination complexes with organic acids, which are the main Zn ligands in the xylem but are not rate-limiting for Zn translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Cornu
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, F-33170, Gradignan, France
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25
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Kozhevnikova AD, Seregin IV, Verweij R, Schat H. Histidine promotes the loading of nickel and zinc, but not of cadmium, into the xylem in Noccaea caerulescens. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29580. [PMID: 25763695 PMCID: PMC4205137 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Histidine is known to be involved in Ni hyperaccumulation. Recently, histidine-dependent xylem loading of Ni and Zn has been demonstrated in the Zn/Ni/Cd hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens. Here we tested the hypothesis whether Cd xylem loading is histidine-dependent, too. In contrast to that of Ni and Zn, the xylem loading of Cd was not affected by exogenous histidine. Histidine accumulation in root cells appears to facilitate the radial transport of Ni and Zn, but not Cd, across the roots. This may be due to the relatively high preference of Cd for coordination with sulfur over coordination with nitrogen, in comparison with Ni and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Kozhevnikova
- Laboratory of Root Physiology; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Seregin
- Laboratory of Root Physiology; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudo Verweij
- Department of Animal Ecology; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schat
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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