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Camenzind T, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Heuck MK, Maerowitz-McMahan S, Rillig MC, Cornwell WK, Powell JR. Progressing beyond colonization strategies to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal life history. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:752-759. [PMID: 39229862 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of differential life-history strategies in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is relevant for understanding the ecology of this group and its potential role in sustainable agriculture and carbon sequestration. At present, AM fungal life-history theories often focus on differential investment into intra- vs extraradical structures among AM fungal taxa, and its implications for plant benefits. With this Viewpoint we aim to expand these theories by integrating a mycocentric economics- and resource-based life-history framework. As in plants, AM fungal carbon and nutrient demands are stoichiometrically coupled, though uptake of these elements is spatially decoupled. Consequently, investment in morphological structures for carbon vs nutrient uptake is not in competition. We argue that understanding the ecology and evolution of AM fungal life-history trade-offs requires increased focus on variation among structures foraging for the same element, that is within intra- or extraradical structures (in our view a 'horizontal' axis), not just between them ('vertical' axis). Here, we elaborate on this argument and propose a range of plausible life-history trade-offs that could lead to the evolution of strategies in AM fungi, providing testable hypotheses and creating opportunities to explain AM fungal co-existence, and the context-dependent effects of AM fungi on plant growth and soil carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Meike K Heuck
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Solomon Maerowitz-McMahan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Will K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
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Chialva M, Stelluti S, Novero M, Masson S, Bonfante P, Lanfranco L. Genetic and functional traits limit the success of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a tomato wild relative. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:4275-4292. [PMID: 38953693 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
To understand whether domestication had an impact on susceptibility and responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we investigated two tomato cultivars ("M82" and "Moneymaker") and a panel of wild relatives including S. neorickii, S. habrochaites and S. pennellii encompassing the whole Lycopersicon clade. Most genotypes revealed good AM colonisation levels when inoculated with the AMF Funneliformis mosseae. By contrast, both S. pennellii accessions analysed showed a very low colonisation, but with normal arbuscule morphology, and a negative response in terms of root and shoot biomass. This behaviour was independent of fungal identity and environmental conditions. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed in S. pennellii the lack of genes identified within QTLs for AM colonisation, a limited transcriptional reprogramming upon mycorrhization and a differential regulation of strigolactones and AM-related genes compared to tomato. Donor plants experiments indicated that the AMF could represent a cost for S. pennellii: F. mosseae could extensively colonise the root only when it was part of a mycorrhizal network, but a higher mycorrhization led to a higher inhibition of plant growth. These results suggest that genetics and functional traits of S. pennellii are responsible for the limited extent of AMF colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Stelluti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simon Masson
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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da Silva GF, Gomez JAM, Moreira JVF, Braatz GM, Bonugli-Santos RC. Atrazine dependence in cultivated fungal communities. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01204-w. [PMID: 39414759 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
The isolation and study of fungi within specific contexts yield valuable insights into the intricate relationships between fungi and ecosystems. Unlike culture-independent approaches, cultivation methods are advantageous in this context because they provide standardized replicates, specific species isolation, and easy sampling. This study aimed to understand the ecological process using a microcosm system with pesticide concentrations similar to those found in the soil, in contrast to high doses, from the isolation of the enriched community. The atrazine concentrations used were 0.02 mg/kg (control treatment), 300 ng/kg (treatment 1), and 3000 ng/kg (treatment 2), using a 28-day microcosm system. Ultimately, the isolation resulted in 561 fungi classified into 76 morphospecies. The Ascomycota phylum was prevalent, with Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma being consistently isolated, denoting robust and persistent genera. Diversity analyses showed that the control microcosms displayed more distinct fungal morphospecies, suggesting the influence of atrazine on fungal communities. Treatment 2 (higher atrazine concentration) showed a structure comparable to that of the control, whereas treatment 1 (lower atrazine concentration) differed significantly, indicating that atrazine concentration impacted community variance. Higher atrazine addition subtly altered ligninolytic fungal community dynamics, implying its potential for pesticide degradation. Finally, variations in atrazine concentrations triggered diverse community responses over time, shedding light on fungal resilience and adaptive strategies against pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessyca Fernanda da Silva
- Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Institute Latin American of Nature and Life Sciences (ILACNV), Interdisciplinary Center of Life Sciences (CICV), JardimUniversitário, 1000 Tarquínio Joslin Dos Santos Av, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Alejandro Morales Gomez
- Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Institute Latin American of Nature and Life Sciences (ILACNV), Interdisciplinary Center of Life Sciences (CICV), JardimUniversitário, 1000 Tarquínio Joslin Dos Santos Av, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-901, Brazil
| | - João Victor Fonseca Moreira
- Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Institute Latin American of Nature and Life Sciences (ILACNV), Interdisciplinary Center of Life Sciences (CICV), JardimUniversitário, 1000 Tarquínio Joslin Dos Santos Av, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-901, Brazil
| | - Giulio Mendes Braatz
- Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Institute Latin American of Nature and Life Sciences (ILACNV), Interdisciplinary Center of Life Sciences (CICV), JardimUniversitário, 1000 Tarquínio Joslin Dos Santos Av, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Costa Bonugli-Santos
- Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Institute Latin American of Nature and Life Sciences (ILACNV), Interdisciplinary Center of Life Sciences (CICV), JardimUniversitário, 1000 Tarquínio Joslin Dos Santos Av, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-901, Brazil.
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Stonoha-Arther C, Panke-Buisse K, Duff AJ, Molodchenko A, Casler MD. Rhizosphere microbial community structure in high-producing, low-input switchgrass families. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308753. [PMID: 39361607 PMCID: PMC11449334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native, low-input North American perennial crop primarily grown for bioenergy, livestock forage, and industrial fiber. To achieve no-input switchgrass production that meets biomass needs, several switchgrass genotypes have been identified that have a low or negative response to nitrogen fertilizer, i.e., the biomass accumulation with added nitrogen is less than or equal to that when grown without nitrogen. In order to improve the viability of low-input switchgrass production, a more detailed understanding of the biogeochemical mechanisms active in these select genotypes is needed. 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing and qPCR of key functional genes were applied to switchgrass rhizospheres to elucidate microbial community structure in high-producing, no-input switchgrass families. Rhizosphere microbial community structure differed strongly between sites, and nitrogen responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Panke-Buisse
- USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Alison J Duff
- USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Molodchenko
- USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Michael D Casler
- USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
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Yuan Y, Han C, Wang J, Li J. Parasitic plants regulate C and N distribution among common mycorrhizal networks linking host and neighboring plants. Ecology 2024; 105:e4418. [PMID: 39252134 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) can link multiple plants and distribute nutrients among them. However, how parasitic plants regulate the carbon and nutrient exchange between CMNs and the linked plants is unknown. Thus, we conducted a container experiment with two Trifolium pratense grown in two plastic cores and connected only by CMNs using a 25-μm nylon fabric in each container. Host T. pratense was parasitized or not parasitized by Cuscuta gronovii. CMNs were left intact or broken by rotating the cores with the host or neighboring T. pratense. The dual 15N and 13C labeling method was used to evaluate the N distributed by CMNs to the host and neighboring T. pratense and the recently fixed C from the host and neighboring T. pratense to CMNs. The results showed that CMNs distributed more 15N to unparasitized neighboring T. pratense than the parasitized host T. pratense. Moreover, the unparasitized neighboring T. pratense provides more recently fixed C to CMNs than the parasitized host T. pratense. These results revealed that the parasite regulated C and nutrient exchange between CMNs and the linked plants following the reciprocal rewards rule. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of parasitic plants in the regulation of mutualistic interactions in ecological webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongge Yuan
- Institute of Global Change and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Cheng Han
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Institute of Global Change and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Hopkins JR, Bever JD. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities and co-occurrence networks demonstrate host-specific variation throughout the growing season. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01168-2. [PMID: 39292437 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial community assembly involves a series of ecological filtering mechanisms that determine the composition of microbial communities. While the importance of both broad and local level factors on microbial communities has been reasonably well studied, this work often is limited to single observations and neglects to consider how communities change over time (i.e., seasonal variation). Because seasonal variation is an important determinant of community assembly and determines the relative importance of community assembly filters, this represents a key knowledge gap. Due to their close associations with seasonal variation in plant growth and fitness, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are useful groups for assessing the importance of seasonal dynamics in microbial community assembly. We tested how seasonal variation (spring vs. summer), plant life history stage (vegetative vs. flowering), and host plant species (Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea & Andropogon gerardii) influenced AM fungal spore community assembly. AM fungal spore community temporal dynamics were closely linked to plant host species and life history stage. While AM fungal spore communities demonstrated strong turnover between the spring (e.g., higher sporulation) and late summer (e.g., higher diversity), the strength and direction of these changes was modified by host plant species. Here we demonstrate the importance of considering temporal variation in microbial community assembly, and also show how plant-microbe interactions can modify seasonal trends in microbial community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Hopkins
- Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Department, The Ohio State University, 318 W 12th Avenue Aronoff Laboratory floor 3 Columbus, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Ave. Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
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He N, Huang F, Luo D, Liu Z, Han M, Zhao Z, Sun X. Oilseed flax cultivation: optimizing phosphorus use for enhanced growth and soil health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1432875. [PMID: 39323530 PMCID: PMC11422101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1432875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) yields are phosphate (P) fertilizer-limited, especially in the temperate semiarid dryland regions of North China. However, there are limited studies on the effects of P-fertilizer inputs on plant growth and soil microorganisms in flax planting systems. Methods To address this gap, a field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no P addition and application of 40, 80, and 120 kg P ha-¹, respectively. The aim was to investigate the influence of various P fertilizer inputs on yield, plant dry matter, P use efficiency, as well as the population of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria in dryland oilseed flax. Results Our results show that the P addition increased the dry matter, and the yield of oilseed increased by ~200% at 120 kg P ha-1 addition with inhibition on the growth of AMF hyphae. The moderate P supply (80 kg ha-1) was adequate for promoting P translocation, P use efficiency, and P recovery efficiency. Soil pH, available P, and available K significantly (p< 0.05) promoted the abundance of the dominant taxa (Acidobacteria_GP6, Sphingobacteria and Bacteroidetes). In addition, it is imperative to comprehend the mechanism of interaction between phosphorus-fertilizer inputs and microbiota in oilseed flax soil. Discussion This necessitates further research to quantify and optimize the moderate phosphorus supply, regulate soil microbes to ensure high phosphorus utilization, and ultimately establish a sustainable system for oilseed flax cultivation in the local area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Yichun Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Yichun Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Dingyu Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Ocean Climate, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Biology Program, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Yichun Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Ocean Climate, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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Guillen-Otero T, Hertel D, Quintanilla LG, Lehnert M, Schmid M, Kharazishvili D, Fawcett S, Kessler M. Comparative analysis of mycorrhizal communities associated with Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss across Europe and North America. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1402946. [PMID: 38899157 PMCID: PMC11186384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1402946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Ferns constitute the second largest group of vascular plants. Previous studies have shown that the diversity and composition of fern communities are influenced by resource availability and water stress, among other factors. However, little is known about the influence of these environmental factors on their biotic interactions, especially regarding the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and ferns. The present study compares the mycorrhizal communities associated with 36 populations of Struthiopteris spicant L. Weiss across Europe and North America. This species exhibits a great tolerance to variations in light, nutrient, and pH conditions, and it can survive with and without mycorrhizae. Methods With the aim of determining which environmental factors impact the composition and abundance of the root-associated fungal communities in this species, we used an ITS-focused metabarcoding approach to identify the mycorrhizal fungi present and analyzed the influence of climatic and edaphic variables at global and regional scales. Results and discussion We encountered striking differences in the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) between S. spicant populations at both spatial levels. We recorded a total of 902 fungal ASVs, but only 2- 4% of the total fungal diversity was observed in each individual, revealing that each fern had a unique fungal community. Light availability and the interactive action of pH and soil nitrogen concentration showed a positive influence on AMF relative abundance, explaining 89% of the variance. However, environmental factors could only explain 4- 8% of the variability in AMF community composition, indicating that it might be determined by stochastic processes. These results support the hypothesis that ferns may be more independent of mycorrhization than other plant groups and interact with fungi in a more opportunistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Guillen-Otero
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Luis G. Quintanilla
- School of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Marcus Lehnert
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden Area, Herbarium, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mattia Schmid
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davit Kharazishvili
- Deputy Director of Research management of the Batumi Botanical Garden, Batumi, Georgia
| | - Susan Fawcett
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Wang F. Co-occurring tree species drive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in tropical forest. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:917-928. [PMID: 37923942 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
It is still uncertain whether environment or host plant species is more important in determining AMF diversity; although, plant roots are usually associated with abundant AMF species in different environments. This study explored the effect of plant species and environmental factors on AMF diversity based on three co-occurring tree species (Glochidion coccineum, Schefflera octophylla, and Schima superba) on six elevations of Mt. Jianfengling. A total of 185 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) of AMF were found in the three co-occurring dominant tree species. Of which 109 unique OTUs were identified in the three co-occurring plant species, which accounted for the total number of 58.92%. Forty-five OTUs were shared by the three co-occurring tree species, accounting for a total number of 24.32%. The plant species of Schefflera octophylla was identified as having the highest AMF diversity with the largest number of OTUs of 143. The fungi in the genus of Glomus were the dominant AMF species in the three co-occurring tree species. AMF communities and diversity are quite different, either within different plant species at the same elevation or within the same plant species at different elevations. However, the altitude had no significant effect on the ACE index. Therefore, the results suggest that plant species have a more important effect on AMF diversity and community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China.
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Corrêa A, Ferrol N, Cruz C. Testing the trade-balance model: resource stoichiometry does not sufficiently explain AM effects. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1561-1575. [PMID: 38009528 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) effects on plant growth (MGR) are commonly assumed to result from cost : benefit balances, with C as the cost and, most frequently, P as the benefit. The trade-balance model (TBM) adopts these assumptions and hypothesizes that mycorrhizal benefit depends on C : N : P stoichiometry. Although widely accepted, the TBM has not been experimentally tested. We isolated the parameters included in the TBM and tested these assumptions using it as framework. Oryza sativa plants were supplied with different N : P ratios at low light level, establishing different C : P and C : N exchange rates, and C, N or P limitation. MGR and effects on nutrient uptake, %M, ERM, photosynthesis and shoot starch were measured. C distribution to AM fungi played no role in MGR, and N was essential for all AM effects, including on P nutrition. C distribution to AM and MGR varied with the limiting nutrient (N or P), and evidence of extensive interplay between N and P was observed. The TBM was not confirmed. The results agreed with the exchange of surplus resources and source-sink regulation of resource distribution among plants and AMF. Rather than depending on exchange rates, resource exchange may simply obey both symbiont needs, not requiring further regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Peng Z, Johnson NC, Jansa J, Han J, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xi H, Mao L, Pan J, Zhang Q, Feng H, Fan T, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mycorrhizal effects on crop yield and soil ecosystem functions in a long-term tillage and fertilization experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1798-1813. [PMID: 38155454 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that agricultural management influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but there is controversy about whether farmers should manage for AM symbiosis. We assessed AM fungal communities colonizing wheat roots for three consecutive years in a long-term (> 14 yr) tillage and fertilization experiment. Relationships among mycorrhizas, crop performance, and soil ecosystem functions were quantified. Tillage, fertilizers and continuous monoculture all reduced AM fungal richness and shifted community composition toward dominance of a few ruderal taxa. Rhizophagus and Dominikia were depressed by tillage and/or fertilization, and their abundances as well as AM fungal richness correlated positively with soil aggregate stability and nutrient cycling functions across all or no-tilled samples. In the field, wheat yield was unrelated to AM fungal abundance and correlated negatively with AM fungal richness. In a complementary glasshouse study, wheat biomass was enhanced by soil inoculum from unfertilized, no-till plots while neutral to depressed growth was observed in wheat inoculated with soils from fertilized and conventionally tilled plots. This study demonstrates contrasting impacts of low-input and conventional agricultural practices on AM symbiosis and highlights the importance of considering both crop yield and soil ecosystem functions when managing mycorrhizas for more sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nancy Collins Johnson
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiayao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengjing Jiang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tinglu Fan
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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12
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Lekberg Y, Jansa J, McLeod M, DuPre ME, Holben WE, Johnson D, Koide RT, Shaw A, Zabinski C, Aldrich-Wolfe L. Carbon and phosphorus exchange rates in arbuscular mycorrhizas depend on environmental context and differ among co-occurring plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1576-1588. [PMID: 38173184 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) for carbon (C) exchange is the pivotal function of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), but how this exchange varies with soil P availability and among co-occurring plants in complex communities is still largely unknown. We collected intact plant communities in two regions differing c. 10-fold in labile inorganic P. After a 2-month glasshouse incubation, we measured 32P transfer from AM fungi (AMF) to shoots and 13C transfer from shoots to AMF using an AMF-specific fatty acid. AMF communities were assessed using molecular methods. AMF delivered a larger proportion of total shoot P in communities from high-P soils despite similar 13C allocation to AMF in roots and soil. Within communities, 13C concentration in AMF was consistently higher in grass than in blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) roots, that is P appeared more costly for grasses. This coincided with differences in AMF taxa composition and a trend of more vesicles (storage structures) but fewer arbuscules (exchange structures) in grass roots. Additionally, 32P-for-13C exchange ratios increased with soil P for blanketflower but not grasses. Contrary to predictions, AMF transferred proportionally more P to plants in communities from high-P soils. However, the 32P-for-13C exchange differed among co-occurring plants, suggesting differential regulation of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - William E Holben
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Alanna Shaw
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Catherine Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Laura Aldrich-Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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13
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Xiao D, Tang Y, Zhang W, Hu P, Wang K. Lithology and niche habitat have significant effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance and their interspecific interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170774. [PMID: 38340853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The chemical properties of bedrock play a crucial role in shaping the communities of soil and root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We investigate AMF community composition and diversity in bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and roots in karst and non-karst forests. Chemical properties of bedrock of the calcium oxide (CaO) and ratio of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide (Ca/Mg), soil pH, and exchangeable Ca2+ were higher in karst carbonate rocks compared to non-karst clastic rocks. Conversely, bedrock phosphorus content (P-rock), silicon dioxide (SiO2) content, and tree diversity exhibited an opposing trend. AMF abundance was higher in non-karst clastic rocks than in karst carbonate rocks. Stronger interspecific interactions among AMF taxa occurred in the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of non-karst clastic rocks compared to karst carbonate rocks. AMF abundance and diversity were higher in rhizosphere soil and roots, attributed to increasing nutrient availability when compared to the bulk soil. A more complex network within AMF taxa was observed in rhizosphere soil and roots compared to bulk soil due to an increase in AMF abundance and diversity in rhizosphere soil and roots. Comparing non-karst clastic rocks, karst carbonate rocks increased soil nitrogen (N) and P levels, which can be attributed to the elevated content of soil Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, facilitated by the high CaO content and Ca/Mg ratio in the bedrock of karst forests. However, the thicker soil layer exhibited higher soil nutrient storage, resulting in greater tree diversity in non-karst forests. These findings suggest that high tree richness may increase root biomass and secretion of root exudates in non-karst regions, thereby enhancing the abundance of AMF and their interspecies interactions. Consequently, the diverse bedrock properties that drive variations in soil properties, nutrients, and plant diversity can impact AMF communities, ultimately promoting plant growth and contributing to vegetation recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 44547100, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Yixin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 44547100, China; Wuhan Geomatics Institute, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 44547100, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China.
| | - Peilei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 44547100, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 44547100, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China.
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14
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Burak K, Yanardağ İH, Gómez-López MD, Faz Á, Yalçin H, Sakin E, Ramazanoğlu E, Orak AB, Yanardağ A. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on biological activity and biochemical properties of soil under vetch growing conditions in calcareous soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24820. [PMID: 38352785 PMCID: PMC10861976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to soils from arid regions with high lime and low organic matter content, farmers receive low yields along with high costs of agricultural inputs, which causes them to look for a solution. In this context, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential to reduce fertilizer use by mediating soil nutrient cycles. However, little is known about studies of AMF inoculum on microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling during vetch plant vegetation in calcareous areas. In this study, changes in soil biogeochemical properties related to soil C, N, and P cycling were investigated with five different AMF inoculations under vetch (common Vetch (CV; Vicia sativa L.) and Narbonne Vetch (NV; Vicia narbonensis L.) growing conditions. For the field study, a total of five different mycorrhizae were used in the experiment with the random plots design. AMF inoculation decreased the lime content of the soil, and the highest decrease was observed in NV with Glomus (G.) intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum inoculation (24.41 %). The highest MBC content was recorded in CV vetch G. intraradices (1176.3 mg C kg-1) and the highest MBN content in NV vetch G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (1356.9 mg C kg-1). CAT activity of soils was highest in CV vetch G. intraradices (31.43 %) and lowest in NV vetch G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (72.88 %), urease enzyme activity decreased in all treatments except G. constrictum + Gigaspora sp. and G. mosseae inoculations in CV. The highest DHG activity was detected in GF (15.72 %) AMFs in CV and GI (21.99 %) in NV. APA activity was highest in Glomus constrictum + Gigaspora sp. (23.33 %) in CV and Glomus fasciculatum (10.08 %) in NV. In CV plots, G. intraradices + G. constrictum + G. microcarpum (91.67 %) isolates had the highest and G. intraradices community had the lowest RC% (97.33 %) in mixed mycorrhiza species, while in NV plots G. fasciculatum inoculum had the highest and G. intraradices community had the lowest RC%. This study has important implications for the application of AMF for sustainable agriculture. When the results of the study were evaluated, the most effective AMF isolates in terms of C, N, and P cycles were G. constrictum + G. fasciculatum + Gigaspora sp. in Common vetch variety, and G. intraradices in Narbonne vetch variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Burak
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Halil Yanardağ
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
| | - María Dolores Gómez-López
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ángel Faz
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, ETSIA, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Hamza Yalçin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sakin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ramazanoğlu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Aysel Bars Orak
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Asuman Yanardağ
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
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15
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Liu B, Fan X, Meng D, Liu Z, Gao D, Chang Q, Bai E. Ectomycorrhizal trees rely on nitrogen resorption less than arbuscular mycorrhizal trees globally. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14346. [PMID: 38009408 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) resorption is an important pathway of N conservation, contributing to an important proportion of plant N requirement. However, whether the ratio of N resorption to N requirement may be affected by environmental factors, mycorrhizal types or atmospheric CO2 concentration remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on the impacts of environmental factors and mycorrhizal types on this ratio. We found this ratio in ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees decreased with mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, soil total N content and atmospheric CO2 concentration and was significantly lower than that in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees. An in situ 15 N tracing experiment further confirmed that AM trees have a stronger reliance on N resorption than EM trees. Our study suggests that AM and EM trees potentially have different strategies for alleviation of progressive N limitation, highlighting the necessity of incorporating plant mycorrhizal types into Earth System Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianlei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Decai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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16
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Han J, Zhang Y, Xi H, Zeng J, Peng Z, Ali G, Liu Y. Maize, wheat, and soybean root traits depend upon soil phosphorus fertility and mycorrhizal status. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:359-368. [PMID: 37821597 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong effects of plant identity, soil nutrient availability or mycorrhizal fungi on root traits have been well documented, but their interactive influences on root traits are still poorly understood. Here, three crop species (maize, wheat and soybean) were grown under four phosphorus (P) addition levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg P kg-1 dry soil), and plants were inoculated with or without five combined arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species. Plant biomass, nutrient contents, root traits (including total root length, average root diameter, specific root length and root tissue density) and plants' mycorrhizal responses were measured. Crop species, P level, AMF, and their interactions strongly affected plant biomass and root traits. P fertilization promoted plant growth but reduced mycorrhizal benefits on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Root traits of maize were sensitive to P addition only under the non-mycorrhizal condition, whilst most root traits of soybean and wheat plants were responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation but not P addition. Mycorrhizal colonization reduced the root plasticity in response to P fertility for maize but not for wheat or soybean. This study highlights the importance of soil nutrient fertility and mycorrhizal symbiosis in influencing root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gohar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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18
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Huangfu C, Wang B, Hu W. Mycorrhizal colonization had little effect on growth of Carex thunbergii but inhibited its nitrogen uptake under deficit water supply. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:217-227. [PMID: 37464876 PMCID: PMC10583201 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant nitrogen (N) acquisition via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serves as a dominant pathway in the N nutrition of many plants, but the functional impact of AMF in acquisition of N by wetland plants has not been well quantified. Subtropical lake-wetland ecosystems are characterized by seasonal changes in the water table and low N availability in soil. Yet, it is unclear whether and how AMF alters the N acquisition pattern of plants for various forms of N and how this process is influenced by soil water conditions. METHODS We performed a pot study with Carex thunbergii that were either colonized by AMF or not colonized and also subjected to different water conditions. We used 15N labelling to track plant N uptake. KEY RESULTS Colonization by AMF had little effect on the biomass components of C. thunbergii but did significantly affect the plant functional traits and N acquisition in ways that were dependent on the soil water conditions. The N uptake rate of AMF-colonized plants was significantly lower than that of the non-colonized plants in conditions of low soil water. A decreased NO3- uptake rate in AMF-colonized plants reduced the N:P ratio of the plants. Although C. thunbergii predominantly took up N in the form of NO3-, higher water availability increased the proportion of N taken up as NH4+, irrespective of the inoculation status. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of AMF colonization in controlling the N uptake strategies of plants and can improve predictions of N budget under the changing water table conditions in this subtropical wetland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohe Huangfu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wuqiong Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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19
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Xue L, Liu P, Wu A, Dong L, Wu Q, Zhao M, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang N, Wang Y. Resistance of Mycorrhizal Cinnamomum camphora Seedlings to Salt Spray Depends on K + and P Uptake. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:964. [PMID: 37888220 PMCID: PMC10607215 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt spray is a major environmental issue in coastal areas. Cinnamomum camphora is an economically important tree species that grows in the coastal areas of southern China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate the detrimental effects of abiotic stress on host plants. However, the mechanism by which AMF mitigates the adverse effects of salt spray on C. camphora remains unclear. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where C. camphora seedlings were exposed to four AMF regimes (inoculation with sterilized fungi, with Glomus tortuosum, Funneliformis mosseae, either alone or in combination) and three salt spray regimes (applied with distilled water, 7, and 14 mg NaCl cm-2) in order to investigate the influence on root functional traits and plant growth. The results showed that higher salt spray significantly decreased the K+ uptake, K+/Na+ ratio, N/P ratio, total dry weight, and salinity tolerance of non-mycorrhizal plants by 37.9%, 71%, 27.4%, 12.7%, and 221.3%, respectively, when compared with control plants grown under non-salinity conditions. Mycorrhizal inoculation, particularly with a combination of G. tortuosum and F. mosseae, greatly improved the P uptake, total dry weight, and salinity tolerance of plants grown under higher salt spray conditions by 51.0%, 36.7%, and 130.9%, respectively, when compared with their counterparts. The results show that AMF can alleviate the detrimental effects of salt spray on C. camphora seedlings. Moreover, an enhanced uptake of K+ and P accounted for the resistance of the plants to salt spray. Therefore, pre-inoculation with a combination of G. tortuosum and F. mosseae to improve nutrient acquisition is a potential method of protecting C. camphora plants against salt spray stress in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Lijia Dong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingshui Zhao
- Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou 311311, China;
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Naili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources and the Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.X.); (P.L.); (Q.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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20
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Becklin KM, Viele BM, Coleman HD. Nutrient conditions mediate mycorrhizal effects on biomass production and cell wall chemistry in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1571-1583. [PMID: 37166359 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstock is limited by the financial and environmental costs associated with growing and processing lignocellulosic material and the resilience of these plants to environmental stress. Symbiotic associations with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represent a potential strategy for expanding feedstock production while reducing nutrient inputs. Comparing AM and EM effects on wood production and chemical composition is a necessary step in developing biofuel feedstocks. Here, we assessed the productivity, biomass allocation and secondary cell wall (SCW) composition of greenhouse-grown Populus tremuloidesMichx. inoculated with either AM or EM fungi. Given the long-term goal of reducing nutrient inputs for biofuel production, we further tested the effects of nutrient availability and nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry on mycorrhizal responses. Associations with both AM and EM fungi increased plant biomass by 14-74% depending on the nutrient conditions but had minimal effects on SCW composition. Mycorrhizal plants, especially those inoculated with EM fungi, also allocated a greater portion of their biomass to roots, which could be beneficial in the field where plants are likely to experience both water and nutrient stress. Leaf nutrient content was weakly but positively correlated with wood production in mycorrhizal plants. Surprisingly, phosphorus played a larger role in EM plants compared with AM plants. Relative nitrogen and phosphorus availability were correlated with shifts in SCW composition. For AM associations, the benefit of increased wood biomass may be partially offset by increased lignin content, a trait that affects downstream processing of lignocellulosic tissue for biofuels. By comparing AM and EM effects on the productivity and chemical composition of lignocellulosic tissue, this work links broad functional diversity in mycorrhizal associations to key biofuel traits and highlights the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors when developing strategies for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Becklin
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bethanie M Viele
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Mortier E, Mounier A, Kreplak J, Martin-Laurent F, Recorbet G, Lamotte O. Evidence that a common arbuscular mycorrhizal network alleviates phosphate shortage in interconnected walnut sapling and maize plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206047. [PMID: 37636112 PMCID: PMC10448772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Under agroforestry practices, inter-specific facilitation between tree rows and cultivated alleys occurs when plants increase the growth of their neighbors especially under nutrient limitation. Owing to a coarse root architecture limiting soil inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake, walnut trees (Juglans spp.) exhibit dependency on soil-borne symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that extend extra-radical hyphae beyond the root Pi depletion zone. To investigate the benefits of mycorrhizal walnuts in alley cropping, we experimentally simulated an agroforestry system in which walnut rootstocks RX1 (J. regia x J. microcarpa) were connected or not by a common mycelial network (CMN) to maize plants grown under two contrasting Pi levels. Mycorrhizal colonization parameters showed that the inoculum reservoir formed by inoculated walnut donor saplings allowed the mycorrhization of maize recipient roots. Relative to non-mycorrhizal plants and whatever the Pi supply, CMN enabled walnut saplings to access maize Pi fertilization residues according to significant increases in biomass, stem diameter, and expression of JrPHT1;1 and JrPHT1;2, two mycorrhiza-inducible phosphate transporter candidates here identified by phylogenic inference of orthologs. In the lowest Pi supply, stem height, leaf Pi concentration, and biomass of RX1 were significantly higher than in non-mycorrhizal controls, showing that mycorrhizal connections between walnut and maize roots alleviated Pi deficiency in the mycorrhizal RX1 donor plant. Under Pi limitation, maize recipient plants also benefited from mycorrhization relative to controls, as inferred from larger stem diameter and height, biomass, leaf number, N content, and Pi concentration. Mycorrhization-induced Pi uptake generated a higher carbon cost for donor walnut plants than for maize plants by increasing walnut plant photosynthesis to provide the AM fungus with carbon assimilate. Here, we show that CMN alleviates Pi deficiency in co-cultivated walnut and maize plants, and may therefore contribute to limit the use of chemical P fertilizers in agroforestry systems.
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Han X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Ren W, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhang H, Tang M. LbKAT3 may assist in mycorrhizal potassium uptake, and overexpression of LbKAT3 may promote potassium, phosphorus, and water transport from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the host plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161220. [PMID: 37409300 PMCID: PMC10319307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium plays important roles in most plant physiological processes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote plant water and mineral nutrient acquisition to promote plant growth. However, few studies have focused on the effect of AM colonization on potassium uptake by the host plant. In this study, the effects of an AM fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) and potassium concentration (0, 3, or 10 mM K+) on Lycium barbarum were evaluated. A split-root test with L. barbarum seedlings was conducted, and the potassium uptake capacity of LbKAT3 was verified in yeast. A tobacco line overexpressing LbKAT3 was generated and mycorrhizal functions under two potassium concentrations (0.2 and 2 mM K+) were studied. Inoculation of R. irregularis and application of potassium increased the dry weight, and potassium and phosphorus contents of L. barbarum, and increased the colonization rate and arbuscule abundance of R. irregularis. In addition, the expression of LbKAT3 and AQP genes in L. barbarum was upregulated. Inoculation of R. irregularis induced LbPT4, Rir-AQP1, and Rir-AQP2 expression, and application of potassium upregulated the expression of these genes. Inoculation with the AM fungus locally regulated the expression of LbKAT3. Inoculation of R. irregularis improved the growth, and potassium and phosphorus contents, and induced NtPT4, Rir-AQP1, and Rir-AQP2 expression in tobacco overexpressing LbKAT3 under both potassium concentrations. Overexpression of LbKAT3 in tobacco improved the growth, potassium accumulation, and AM colonization, and upregulated the expression of NtPT4 and Rir-AQP1 in mycorrhizal tobacco. The results suggest that LbKAT3 may assist in mycorrhizal potassium uptake, and overexpression of LbKAT3 may promote potassium, phosphorus, and water transport from the AM fungus to tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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He T, Zhang X, Du J, Gilliam FS, Yang S, Tian M, Zhang C, Zhou Y. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Shift Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Reduce Soil Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrous Oxide Emissions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:951-964. [PMID: 36662284 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants, increasing plant uptake of soil nitrogen (N) in exchange for photosynthates. And may influence soil ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions directly by improving plant N uptake, and/or indirectly by modifying soil bacterial community composition for the soil C availability increasing. However, the effects of AMF on soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We carried out two independent experiments using contrasting methods, one with a compartmental box device (in 2016) and the other with growth pot experiment (in 2020) to examine functional relationships between AMF and soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions under varying N input. The presence of AMF significantly reduced soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions while enhancing plant biomass and plant N acquisition, and reducing soil NH4+ and NO3-, even with high N input. The presence of AMF also significantly reduced the relative abundance within the bacterial orders Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales. Sphingomonadales correlated significantly and positively with soil NH3 volatilization in 2016 and N2O emissions, whereas Rhizobiales correlated positively with soil N2O emissions. High N input significantly increased soil NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions with increasing relative abundance of Sphingomonadales and Rhizobiales. These findings demonstrate the contribution of AMF in regulating NH3 and N2O emission by improving plant N uptake and altering soil bacterial communities. They also suggest that altering the rhizosphere microbiome might offer additional potential for restoration of N-enriched agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangqing He
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jiaqi Du
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minghui Tian
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Chen K, Zhang J, Muneer MA, Xue K, Niu H, Ji B. Plant community and soil available nutrients drive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community shifts during alpine meadow degradation. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Huang H, Liu S, Du Y, Tang J, Hu L, Chen X. Carbon allocation mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters the soil microbial community under various phosphorus levels. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Yang X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Bai H, Shen Y. How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drives herbaceous plants' C: N: P stoichiometry? A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160807. [PMID: 36526182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant element stoichiometry is fundamental for preserving growth-related terrestrial ecosystem structures and functions. However, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on herbaceous plant element stoichiometry (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential effects of AMF on herbaceous plant C, N and P concentration and their C:N:P stoichiometry worldwide through a quantitative meta-analysis. We observed that AMF reduced C:P and N:P ratios in the shoot of plants by 35.83 % and 54.23 %, respectively, and in plant root organs by 36.24 % and 46.35 %, respectively. Conversely, C:N ratios increased in roots by 6.61 %. The negative effect of AMF on N:P and C:P ratios in plant shoots and root organs is mainly attributed to the plant benefits in P and N concentrations. AMF impact on plant C:N:P stoichiometry depends on fungal and plant functional group identities and soil nutrient availability. Our results suggest that plant functional group identity affects plant nutrient concentration, which, in turn, controls herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Overall, we emphasize the importance of abiotic and biotic environmental factors in changing AMF effects on plant element stoichiometry. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between AMF and herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry will improve our understanding of herbaceous plant stoichiometric variations in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center for Prataculture, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Ningxia Engineering Technology Research Center for Prataculture, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Yang H, Mai S, Liu W, Fu J, Yang Q, Zhang B, Huang B. Variations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following succession stages in a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem of South China. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1125749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe grasslands in the Nature Reserve of Ganshenling, in the south of Hainan Island, were first formed after deforestation disturbance before a natural restoration of shrubs and secondary forests. However, the stages of grassland and shrubs in some parts of Ganshenling regions could not be naturally restored to secondary forests. In addition, the forest form of the secondary forest after 40 years (40a) of succession was similar to that of the secondary forest of 60 years (60a). However, it was not known whether the microorganisms recovered to the level of the secondary forest of 60a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that can improve the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of plants and play a key role in secondary forest succession. An understanding of the essential role of soil AMF in secondary forest succession of tropical rainforest in Ganshenling regions is still limited.MethodsTherefore, the soil of 0–10 cm was collected with the help of a 5-point sampling method in grassland, shrubs, and second tropical lowland rainforest of 40a and 60a. We studied community changes in AMF with the succession and explored the impacts of soil physicochemical properties on soil AMF.ResultsOur findings were as follows: (1) Different successional stages showed divergent effects on soil AMF communities. (2) After 40a recovery, the alpha-diversity indices of AMF recovered to the level of secondary forest of 60a, but the similarity of soil AMF communities only recovered to 25.3%. (3) Species richness of common species, rare species, and all the species of AMF showed a significantly positive correlation with soil nitrogen. (4) OTU10; OTU6, OTU9, and OTU141; OTU3 and OTU38; and OTU2, OTU15, OTU23, and OTU197 were significantly unique AMF for grasslands, shrubs, and secondary forests of 40a and 60a, respectively. (5) The phylogenetic tree and the heatmap of AMF showed that the OTUs in grasslands and shrubs were in contrast to the OTUs in secondary forests of 40a and 60a.DiscussionWe concluded that the succession of a secondary forest after deforestation disturbance was probably limited by its AMF community.
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Wang M, Wang Z, Guo M, Qu L, Biere A. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and herbivore infestation depend on availability of soil water and nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101932. [PMID: 36778709 PMCID: PMC9909235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fitness of plants is affected by their symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and such effects are highly dependent on the environmental context. METHODS In the current study, we inoculated the nursery shrub species Artemisia ordosica with AMF species Funneliformis mosseae under contrasting levels of soil water and nutrients (diammonium phosphate fertilization), to assess their effects on plant growth, physiology and natural infestation by herbivores. RESULTS Overall, plant biomass was synergistically enhanced by increasing soil water and soil nutrient levels. However, plant height was surprisingly repressed by AMF inoculation, but only under low water conditions. Similarly, plant biomass was also reduced by AMF but only under low water and nutrient conditions. Furthermore, AMF significantly reduced leaf phosphorus levels, that were strongly enhanced under high nutrient conditions, but had only minor effects on leaf chlorophyll and proline levels. Under low water and nutrient conditions, specific root length was enhanced, but average root diameter was decreased by AMF inoculation. The negative effects of AMF on plant growth at low water and nutrient levels may indicate that under these conditions AMF inoculation does not strongly contribute to nutrient and water acquisition. On the contrary, the AMF might have suppressed the direct pathway of water and nutrient absorption by the plant roots themselves despite low levels of mycorrhizal colonization. AMF inoculation reduced the abundance of the foliar herbivore Chrysolina aeruginosa on plants that had been grown on the low nutrient soil, but not on high nutrient soil. Fertilization enhanced the abundance of this herbivore but only in plants that had received the high water treatment. The lower abundance of the herbivore on AMF plants could be related to their decreased leaf P content. In conclusion, our results indicate that AMF negatively affect the growth of Artemisia ordosica but makes them less attractive to a dominant herbivore. DISCUSSION Our study highlights that plant responses to AMF depend not only on the environmental context, but that the direction of the responses can differ for different components of plant performance (growth vs. defense).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laiye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Yan P, Hou H, Lv Y, Zhang H, Li J, Shao L, Xie Q, Liang Y, Li J, Ni X. Diversity characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in the soil along successional altitudes of Helan Mountain, arid, and semi-arid regions of China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1099131. [PMID: 36937292 PMCID: PMC10017989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1099131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems. Methods To investigate the diversity of AMF communities on the western slope of Helan Mountain at different altitudes and their influence factors, high-throughput sequencing was used to study the structure and diversity of soil AMF communities under different environments and their interrelationships between AMF and environmental factors. Results The results revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical and chemical properties of the soil along the different altitudes. A total of 1,145 OTUs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, belonging to 1 phylum, 4 class, 6 orders, 13 families, 18 genera and 135 species, with the dominant genus being Glomus, which accounted for 75.27% of the relative abundance of the community. Soil AMF community structure was shown to be variable at the generic level according to NMDS analysis. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH, water content (WC), organic matter (OM), available K, available P and N were significantly correlated with AMF community diversity and species abundance (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo test results, soil pH, WC and OM had highly significant effects (p < 0.01) on AMF community diversity and species abundance. Discussion This study investigates the relationship between AMF community structure and diversity and soil physicochemical properties at different elevations on the western slope of Helan Mountain, which is of great significance to the study of the Helan Mountain ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, School of Ecological and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yingze Lv
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, School of Ecological and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Leilei Shao
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, School of Ecological and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qinmi Xie
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, School of Ecological and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientation Observation Research Station, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientation Observation Research Station, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xilu Ni
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, School of Ecological and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientation Observation Research Station, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xilu Ni,
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Wu H, Yang J, Fu W, Rillig MC, Cao Z, Zhao A, Hao Z, Zhang X, Chen B, Han X. Identifying thresholds of nitrogen enrichment for substantial shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community metrics in a temperate grassland of northern China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:279-294. [PMID: 36177721 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment poses threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability, while arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in ecosystem stability and functioning. However, the ecological impacts, especially thresholds of N enrichment potentially causing AM fungal community shifts have not been adequately characterized. Based on a long-term field experiment with nine N addition levels ranging from 0 to 50 g N m-2 yr-1 in a temperate grassland, we characterized the community response patterns of AM fungi to N enrichment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass continuously decreased with increasing N addition levels. However, AM fungal diversity did not significantly change below 20 g N m-2 yr-1 , but dramatically decreased at higher N levels, which drove the AM fungal community to a potentially unstable state. Structural equation modeling showed that the decline in AM fungal biomass could be well explained by soil acidification, whereas key driving factors for AM fungal diversity shifted from soil nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) ratio to soil pH with increasing N levels. Different aspects of AM fungal communities (biomass, diversity and community composition) respond differently to increasing N addition levels. Thresholds for substantial community shifts in response to N enrichment in this grassland ecosystem are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Zhenjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Burkle LA, Zabinski CA. Mycorrhizae influence plant vegetative and floral traits and intraspecific trait variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16099. [PMID: 36371729 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can strongly influence host plant vegetative growth, but less is known about AMF effects on other plant traits, the relative impacts of AMF on vegetative growth versus floral traits, or AMF-induced intraspecific variation in traits. METHODS In an experimental greenhouse study, we inoculated seven species of wildflowers with six species of AMF in a factorial design. We assessed how the AMF-forb combinations influenced plant survival, vegetative biomass, and floral traits and whether AMF effects on floral traits were similar in magnitude and direction to effects on vegetative biomass. For one forb species, we investigated intraspecific plant trait variation within and across AMF treatments. RESULTS AMF species varied from negative to positive in their effects on host plants. AMF often had inconsistent effects on vegetative biomass versus floral traits, and therefore, quantifying one or the other may provide a misleading representation of potential AMF effects. AMF treatments generated key variation in plant traits, especially floral traits, with potential consequences for plant-pollinator interactions. Given increased intraspecific trait variation in Linum lewisii plants across AMF species compared to uninoculated individuals or single AMF treatments, local AMF diversity and their host plant associations may scale up to influence community-wide patterns of trait variation and species interactions. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for predicting how aboveground communities are affected by belowground communities. Including AMF effects on not just host plant biomass but also functional traits and trait variation will deepen our understanding of community structure and function, including pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Catherine A Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Peng S, Ban M, Xing W, Ge Z, Mao L. Effects of nitrogen addition and seasonal change on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community diversity in a poplar plantation. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) biogeochemical cycling. Therefore, it is essential to determine the seasonal responses of the AM fungal community to N addition to understanding better the ecological processes against a background of intensified N deposition. Based on an ongoing field simulation experiment with five N addition levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 gN·m−2·a−1) in a 5-year-old poplar plantation at Dongtai Forest Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, eastern China, soil physicochemical properties, the root colonization rate, and the rhizosphere soil AM fungal community diversity and composition in four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring) were investigated. Meanwhile, the relationships between the characteristics of the AM fungal community and soil environmental factors were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant genera in the poplar plantation were Glomus (average relative abundance 87.52%), Diversispora (9.62%), and Acaulospora (1.85%). The addition of N significantly increased the root colonization rate in spring. The diversity of the AM fungal community (Chao and Shannon indexes) was primarily affected by seasonal change rather than N addition, and the diversity in summer was significantly lower than in the other three seasons. Redundancy analysis showed that soil temperature, available P, total P, and pH significantly affected the structure of the AM fungal community. It can be concluded N addition primarily influenced the root colonization rate, whereas seasonal change had a notable effect on the AM fungal community diversity. Although seasonal change and N addition greatly influenced the composition, seasonal change exerted a more substantial effect than N addition. These results will improve our understanding of the underground ecological processes in poplar plantation ecosystems.
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Liu H, Pausch J, Wu Y, Xu H, Liu G, Ma L, Xue S. Implications of plant N/P stoichiometry influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for stability of plant species and community in response to nutrient limitation. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Univ. of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Univ. of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - LiHui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F Univ. Yangling PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry Water Resources, Inst. of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling PR China
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Hao Z, Dong Z, Han S, Zhang A. Effects of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on winter wheat growth and soil N 2O emissions in different phosphorus environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1069627. [PMID: 36589067 PMCID: PMC9795251 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Promoting crop growth and regulating denitrification process are two main ways to reduce soil N2O emissions in agricultural systems. However, how biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can regulate crop growth and denitrification in soils with different phosphorus (P) supplies to influence N2O emission remains largely unknown. METHOD Here, an eight-week greenhouse and one-year field experiments biochar and/or AMF (only in greenhouse experiment) additions under low and high P environments were conducted to characterize the effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and N2O emission. RESULTS With low P supply, AMF addition decreased leaf Mn concentration (indicates carboxylate-releasing P-acquisition strategies), whereas biochar addition increased leaf Mn concentration, suggesting biochar and AMF addition regulated root morphological and physiological traits to capture P. Compared with low P supply, the high P significantly promoted wheat growth (by 16-34%), nutrient content (by 33-218%) and yield (by 33-41%), but suppressed soil N2O emissions (by 32-95%). Biochar and/or AMF addition exhibited either no or negative effects on wheat biomass and nutrient content in greenhouse, and biochar addition promoted wheat yield only under high P environment in field. However, biochar and/or AMF addition decreased soil N2O emissions by 24-93% and 32% in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. This decrease was associated mainly with the diminished abundance of N2O-producing denitrifiers (nirK and nirS types, by 17-59%, respectively) and the increased abundance of N2O-consuming denitrifiers (nosZ type, by 35-65%), and also with the increased wheat nutrient content, yield and leaf Mn concentration. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that strengthening the plant-soil-microbe interactions can mitigate soil N2O emissions via manipulating plant nutrient acquisition and soil denitrification.
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza alters the nutritional requirements in Salvia miltiorrhiza and low nitrogen enhances the mycorrhizal efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19633. [PMID: 36385104 PMCID: PMC9668911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (danshen in Chinese) is one of the most important medicinal cash crops in China. Previously, we showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote S. miltiorrhiza growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Fertilization may affect mycorrhizal efficiency, and appropriate doses of phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are key factors for obtaining mycorrhizal benefits. However, the optimal fertilization amount for mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effects of AMF on the growth and bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza under different doses (low, medium, and high) of P and N fertilizer. The results showed that the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and mycorrhizal response of bioactive compounds (MBC) decreased gradually with increasing P addition. Application of a low (N25) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MGR of mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza, and a medium (N50) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MBC of phenolic acids, but decreased the MBC of tanshinones. Our results also showed that the existence of arbuscular mycorrhiza changes nutrient requirement pattern of S. miltiorrhiza. P is the limiting nutrient of non-mycorrhizal plants whereas N is the limiting nutrient of mycorrhizal plants.
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Bicharanloo B, Bagheri Shirvan M, Cavagnaro TR, Keitel C, Dijkstra FA. Nitrogen addition and defoliation alter belowground carbon allocation with consequences for plant nitrogen uptake and soil organic carbon decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157430. [PMID: 35863579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grassland plants allocate photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) belowground to root biomass and rhizodeposition, but also to support arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These C allocation pathways could increase nutrient scavenging, but also mining of nutrients through enhanced organic matter decomposition. While important for grassland ecosystem functioning, methodological constraints have limited our ability to measure these processes under field conditions. We used 13CO2 and 15N pulse labelling methods to examine belowground C allocation to root biomass production, rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation during peak plant growth in a grassland field experiment after three years of N fertilisation (0 and 40 kg N ha-1 year-1) and defoliation frequency treatments ("low" and "high", with 3-4 and 6-8 simulated grazing events per year, mimicking moderate and intense grazing, respectively). Moreover, we quantified the consequences for plant nitrogen (N) uptake and decomposition of soil organic C (SOC). Nitrogen fertilisation increased rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation (by 63 % and 54 %), but reduced root biomass (by 25 %). With high defoliation frequency, AMF colonisation increased (by 60 %), but both root biomass and rhizodeposition declined (by 35 % and 58 %). Plant N uptake was highest without N fertilisation and low defoliation frequency, and positively related to root biomass and the number of root tips. Therefore, when N supply is low and the capacity to produce C through photosynthesis is high, belowground C allocation to root production and associated root tips was important to scavenge for N in the soil. In contrast, the strong positive relationship between the rate of rhizodeposition and SOC decomposition, suggests that rhizodeposition may help plants to mine for nutrients locked in SOC. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that belowground C allocation pathways affected by N fertilisation and defoliation frequency affect plant N scavenging and mining with important consequences for long-term grassland C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Bicharanloo
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Milad Bagheri Shirvan
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Claudia Keitel
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Feike A Dijkstra
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Raphael B, Nicolás M, Martina J, Daphnée B, Daniel W, Pierre-Emmanuel C. The fine-tuning of mycorrhizal pathway in sorghum depends on both nitrogen-phosphorus availability and the identity of the fungal partner. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3354-3366. [PMID: 36030544 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important worldwide source of food, feed and fibres. Like most plants, it forms mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the nutritional basis of mycorrhiza-responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum to two different AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, under 16 different conditions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. Our experiment reveals fine-scale differences between two AMF species in the nutritional interactions with sorghum plants. Physiological and gene expression patterns (ammonium transporters: AMT; phosphate transporters: PHT) indicate the existence of generalist or specialist mycorrhizal pathway. While R. irregularis switched on the mycorrhizal pathway independently of the plant nutritional status, F. mosseae influenced the mycorrhizal pathway depending on the N-to-P plant ratio and soil supply. The differences between both AMF species suggest some AMT and PHT as ideal candidates to develop markers for improving efficiency of nutrient acquisition in sorghum under P and N limitation, and for the selection of plant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boussageon Raphael
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marro Nicolás
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Janoušková Martina
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Brulé Daphnée
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Wipf Daniel
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Courty Pierre-Emmanuel
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Maschler J, Bialic‐Murphy L, Wan J, Andresen LC, Zohner CM, Reich PB, Lüscher A, Schneider MK, Müller C, Moser G, Dukes JS, Schmidt IK, Bilton MC, Zhu K, Crowther TW. Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6115-6134. [PMID: 36069191 PMCID: PMC9825951 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2 ]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short-term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2 ] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long-term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2 ] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population-scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2 ]-induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2 ] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2 ] from a variety of climatic and land-use-related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2 ] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2 ] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large-scale modeling can represent the finer-scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maschler
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Joe Wan
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Constantin M. Zohner
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Manuel K. Schneider
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural ScienceZurichSwitzerland
- Agroscope, Forage Production and Grassland SystemsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Gerald Moser
- Institute of Plant EcologyJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mark C. Bilton
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources SciencesNamibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)WindhoekNamibia
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)ZurichSwitzerland
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Sheng M, Rosche C, Al-Gharaibeh M, Bullington LS, Callaway RM, Clark T, Cleveland CC, Duan W, Flory SL, Khasa DP, Klironomos JN, McLeod M, Okada M, Pal RW, Shah MA, Lekberg Y. Acquisition and evolution of enhanced mutualism-an underappreciated mechanism for invasive success? THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2467-2478. [PMID: 35871251 PMCID: PMC9561174 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota can determine plant invasiveness, yet biogeographical comparisons of microbial community composition and function across ranges are rare. We compared interactions between Conyza canadensis, a global plant invader, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in 17 plant populations in each native and non-native range spanning similar climate and soil fertility gradients. We then grew seedlings in the greenhouse inoculated with AM fungi from the native range. In the field, Conyza plants were larger, more fecund, and associated with a richer community of more closely related AM fungal taxa in the non-native range. Fungal taxa that were more abundant in the non-native range also correlated positively with plant biomass, whereas taxa that were more abundant in the native range appeared parasitic. These patterns persisted when populations from both ranges were grown together in a greenhouse; non-native populations cultured a richer and more diverse AM fungal community and selected AM fungi that appeared to be more mutualistic. Our results provide experimental support for evolution toward enhanced mutualism in non-native ranges. Such novel relationships and the rapid evolution of mutualisms may contribute to the disproportionate abundance and impact of some non-native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Christoph Rosche
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lorinda S Bullington
- MPG Ranch Missoula, Florence, MT, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Taylor Clark
- St. Johns River Water Management District, Palakta, FL, USA
| | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Wenyan Duan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Damase P Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John N Klironomos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Miki Okada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, MT, USA
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch Missoula, Florence, MT, USA.
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Nitrification: Disentangling Processes and Players by Using Synthetic Nitrification Inhibitors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0136922. [PMID: 36190238 PMCID: PMC9599619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01369-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both plants and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi require nitrogen (N) for their metabolism and growth. This can result in both positive and negative effects of AM symbiosis on plant N nutrition. Either way, the demand for and efficiency of uptake of mineral N from the soil by mycorrhizal plants are often higher than those of nonmycorrhizal plants. In consequence, the symbiosis of plants with AM fungi exerts important feedbacks on soil processes in general and N cycling in particular. Here, we investigated the role of the AM symbiosis in N uptake by Andropogon gerardii from an organic source (15N-labeled plant litter) that was provided beyond the direct reach of roots. In addition, we tested if pathways of 15N uptake from litter by mycorrhizal hyphae were affected by amendment with different synthetic nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide [DCD], nitrapyrin, or 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate [DMPP]). We observed efficient acquisition of 15N by mycorrhizal plants through the mycorrhizal pathway, independent of nitrification inhibitors. These results were in stark contrast to 15N uptake by nonmycorrhizal plants, which generally took up much less 15N, and the uptake was further suppressed by nitrapyrin or DMPP amendments. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that bacteria involved in the rate-limiting step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, were suppressed similarly by the presence of AM fungi and by nitrapyrin or DMPP (but not DCD) amendments. On the other hand, abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea were not strongly affected by either the AM fungi or the nitrification inhibitors. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for all life on Earth. In soil, N is present in various chemical forms and is fiercely competed for by various microorganisms as well as plants. Here, we address competition for reduced N (ammonia) between ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These two functionally important groups of soil microorganisms, participating in nitrification and plant mineral nutrient acquisition, respectively, have often been studied in separation in the past. Here, we showed, using various biochemical and molecular approaches, that the fungi systematically suppress ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to an extent similar to that of some widely used synthetic nitrification inhibitors, whereas they have only a limited impact on abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Competition for free ammonium is a plausible explanation here, but it is also possible that the fungi produce some compounds acting as so-called biological nitrification inhibitors.
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Wang WB, Gao FF, Feng WW, Wu QY, Feng YL. The native stem holoparasitic Cuscuta japonica suppresses the invasive plant Ambrosia trifida and related mechanisms in different light conditions in northeast China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904326. [PMID: 36212307 PMCID: PMC9539100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from low-latitude ranges has demonstrated that native parasitic plants are promising biocontrol agents for some major invasive weeds. However, related mechanisms and the effect of environments on the control effect of the parasite are still unclear. In addition, few related studies have been conducted in high latitude (>40°), where the exotic plant richness is the highest in the globe, but natural enemies are relatively scarce. During field surveys, a Cuscuta species was found on the cosmopolitan invasive weed Ambrosia trifida L. in Shenyang, northeast China. Here, we first studied the impacts of the parasite on the invader at three sites with different light regimes and related mechanisms, then the haustorial connections between the parasite and the invader using anatomy and measurement of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope compositions (δ13C, δ15N), and finally identified the parasite using two molecular marks. The parasite was identified as C. japonica Choisy. This native holoparasitic vine posed serious C rather than N limitation to the invader, explaining its greatly inhibitory effects on the invader. Its negative effects were stronger on reproductive relative to vegetative growth, and at high relative to low light habitats, which indicated that the higher the vigor of the host is, the higher the impact of the parasite pose. The parasite could establish haustorial connections with phloem, xylem, and pith of the invader and thus obtain resources from both leaves and roots, which was confirmed by difference of δ13C and δ15N between the two species. The parasite had significantly higher leaf C concentrations and δ13C than its invasive host, being a strong C sink of the parasitic association. Our results indicate that C. japonica may be a promising biological control agent for the noxious invader in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan-Fan Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Ye Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang X, Qiu Y, Gilliam FS, Gillespie CJ, Tu C, Reberg-Horton SC, Hu S. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Shift Community Composition of N-Cycling Microbes and Suppress Soil N 2O Emission. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13461-13472. [PMID: 36041174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are ubiquitous symbiotic associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and terrestrial plants, in which AMF receive photosynthates from and acquire soil nutrients for their host plants. Plant uptake of soil nitrogen (N) reduces N substrate for microbial processes that generate nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. However, the underlying microbial mechanisms remain poorly understood, particularly in agroecosystems with high reactive N inputs. We examined how plant roots and AMF affect N2O emissions, N2O-producing (nirK and nirS) and N2O-consuming (nosZ) microbes under normal and high N inputs in conventional (CONV) and organically managed (OM) soils. Here, we show that high N input increased soil N2O emissions and the ratio of nirK to nirS microbes. Roots and AMF did not affect the (nirK + nirS)/nosZ ratio but significantly reduced N2O emissions and the nirK/nirS ratio. They reduced the nirK/nirS ratio by reducing nirK-Rhodobacterales but increasing nirS-Rhodocyclales in the CONV soil while decreasing nirK-Burkholderiales but increasing nirS-Rhizobiales in the OM soil. Our results indicate that plant roots and AMF reduced N2O emission directly by reducing soil N and indirectly through shifting the community composition of N2O-producing microbes in N-enriched agroecosystems, suggesting that harnessing the rhizosphere microbiome through agricultural management might offer additional potential for N2O emission mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yunpeng Qiu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Christopher J Gillespie
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Cong Tu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - S Chris Reberg-Horton
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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43
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Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11027. [PMID: 36232323 PMCID: PMC9570102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and nutrient transfer to plants is largely mediated through this partnership. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake progress, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungal-root interface have been identified. In this review, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation) and focus on P and N transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, with a highlight on a possible interplay between P and N nutrient exchanges. Transporters belonging to the plant or AM fungi can synergistically process the transmembrane transport of soil nutrients to the symbiotic interface for further plant acquisition. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the complex mechanism for the integrated roles of nutrient transfers in AM symbiosis, questions still remain to be answered; for example, P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi; the involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P; coordinated utilization of N and P is unknown; transporters of cultivated plants inoculated with AM fungi and transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil-fungi interface and fungi-plant interface have been insufficiently studied. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AM fungi in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University (CAU), Haidian District, Yuanmingyuanxilu 2, Beijing 100193, China
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44
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Qian R, Hao Y, Li L, Zheng Z, Wen F, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhao T, Tang Z, Du J, Xue K. Joint control of seasonal timing and plant function types on drought responses of soil respiration in a semiarid grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974418. [PMID: 36046587 PMCID: PMC9421296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, droughts are the most widespread climate factor impacting carbon (C) cycling. However, as the second-largest terrestrial C flux, the responses of soil respiration (Rs) to extreme droughts co-regulated by seasonal timing and PFT (plant functional type) are still not well understood. Here, a manipulative extreme-duration drought experiment (consecutive 30 days without rainfall) was designed to address the importance of drought timing (early-, mid-, or late growing season) for Rs and its components (heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra)) under three PFT treatments (two graminoids, two shrubs, and their combination). The results suggested that regardless of PFT, the mid-drought had the greatest negative effects while early-drought overall had little effect on Rh and its dominated Rs. However, PFT treatments had significant effects on Rh and Rs in response to the late drought, which was PFT-dependence: reduction in shrubs and combination but not in graminoids. Path analysis suggested that the decrease in Rs and Rh under droughts was through low soil water content induced reduction in MBC and GPP. These findings demonstrate that responses of Rs to droughts depend on seasonal timing and communities. Future droughts with different seasonal timing and induced shifts in plant structure would bring large uncertainty in predicting C dynamics under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqi Wen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Tang
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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45
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Lu N, Zhang P, Wang P, Wang X, Ji B, Mu J. Environmental factors affect the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community through the status of host plants in three patterns of Chinese fir in southern China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Chaudhary VB, Holland EP, Charman-Anderson S, Guzman A, Bell-Dereske L, Cheeke TE, Corrales A, Duchicela J, Egan C, Gupta MM, Hannula SE, Hestrin R, Hoosein S, Kumar A, Mhretu G, Neuenkamp L, Soti P, Xie Y, Helgason T. What are mycorrhizal traits? Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:573-581. [PMID: 35504748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traits are inherent properties of organisms, but how are they defined for organismal networks such as mycorrhizal symbioses? Mycorrhizal symbioses are complex and diverse belowground symbioses between plants and fungi that have proved challenging to fit into a unified and coherent trait framework. We propose an inclusive mycorrhizal trait framework that classifies traits as morphological, physiological, and phenological features that have functional implications for the symbiosis. We further classify mycorrhizal traits by location - plant, fungus, or the symbiosis - which highlights new questions in trait-based mycorrhizal ecology designed to charge and challenge the scientific community. This new framework is an opportunity for researchers to interrogate their data to identify novel insights and gaps in our understanding of mycorrhizal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | | | | | - Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lukas Bell-Dereske
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tanya E Cheeke
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 110151, Colombia
| | - Jessica Duchicela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Cameron Egan
- Department of Biology, Okanagan College, 1000 KLO Rd, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1Y 4X8
| | - Manju M Gupta
- Department of Biology, University of Delhi, Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi 110017, India
| | - S Emilia Hannula
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Hestrin
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Shabana Hoosein
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Genet Mhretu
- Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
| | - Lena Neuenkamp
- University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Berne 3013, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies 'Ramon Margalef', University of Alicante, Alicante 03009, Spain
| | - Pushpa Soti
- Biology Department, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077
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47
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Genç Lermi A, Palta Ş. Soil Characteristics and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Different Pasture Types: A Case Study in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:211. [PMID: 35672529 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to compare the soil characteristics and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density from different types of pastures. To this purpose, four different areas were selected including an artificial pasture (AP), a fertilized artificial pasture (FAP), a natural pasture (NP), and a fertilized natural pasture (FNP). From the spring period of 2008, urea has been used as a fertilizer at an annual rate of 5 kg/da. Different numbers of AMF spores were found in all soil samples taken from the artificial and natural pastures. The average numbers of AMF spores in 50 g of soil from the AP, the FAP, the NP, and the FNP were determined as 266.9, 125.3, 117.0, and 59.6, respectively. Both the number of AMF spores and the number of species were found to be lower in the fertilized pastures, and consequently, it was concluded that the urea fertilizer had reduced the number of AMF spores and species. Spores were identified according to their morphological characteristics. In all pastures, the study identified 25 different AMF species belonging to 11 genera from 7 families. Rhizoglomus aggregatum was classified as the dominant species in FNP soils. Acaulospora dilatata, A. laevis, Dentiscutata heterogama, Diversispora eburnea, Gigaspora albida, G. margarita, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, C. lamellosum, Funneliformis caledonium, Glomus hoi, Rhizoglomus clarum, R. irregulare, Sclerocystis sinuosa, and Ambispora gerdemannii were classified as rare species in all pastures. This study demonstrated a negative correlation between the AMF spore density and the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Genç Lermi
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Şahin Palta
- Subdivision of Range Management, Division of Watershed Management, Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey.
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48
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Bennett AE, Groten K. The Costs and Benefits of Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:649-672. [PMID: 35216519 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-124504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such as nutrient availability, can drive the interaction along the mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes for plant growth and fitness. However, AM fungi can benefit plants in more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition and plant growth. For example, AM fungi can promote abiotic and biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from a nutrient provision perspective. Other than being obligate biotrophs, very little is known about the benefits AM fungi gain from plants. In this review, we utilize both molecular biology and ecological approaches to expand our understanding of the plant-AM fungal interaction across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Bennett
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - Karin Groten
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany;
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Jiang D, Lin R, Tan M, Yan J, Yan S. The mycorrhizal-induced growth promotion and insect resistance reduction in Populus alba × P. berolinensis seedlings: a multi-omics study. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1059-1069. [PMID: 35022794 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an alternative to chemical insecticides or fertilizers, and there is an urgent need to extend the application of AM fungi to woody plants. This study aims to investigate the growth and resistance against the gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) in Glomus intraradices-colonized Populus alba × P. berolinensis seedlings, and to unravel the transcriptome and metabolome phenotypes recruited by AM fungus colonization that affect plant growth and insect resistance. Our results showed a positive mycorrhizal growth response, i.e., growth and biomass of mycorrhizal seedlings were enhanced. However, AM fungus inoculation reduced the resistance of poplar to gypsy moth larvae, as evidenced by the decreased carbon/nitrogen ratio in leaves, as well as the increased larval growth and shortened larval developmental duration. Transcriptome analysis revealed that in both auxin and gibberellin signaling transductions, all nodes were responsive to AM symbiosis and most differentially expressed genes belonging to effectors were up-regulated in mycorrhizal seedlings. Furthermore, the two key enzymes (4-coumarate-CoA ligase and trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) involved in the synthesis of p-Coumaroyl-CoA, an initial metabolite in flavonoid biosynthesis and the first rate-limiting enzyme (chalcone synthase) in flavonoid biosynthesis, were down-regulated at the transcriptional level. Consistent with the transcriptome results, metabolome analysis found that the amounts of all differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds (e.g., catechin and quercetin) identified in mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased. Taken together, these findings highlight the diverse outcomes of AM fungi-host plant-insect interaction and reveal the regulatory network of the positive mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhizal-induced reduction of insect resistance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxuan Lin
- Department of Economics College of Economics and Management, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R.China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Junxin Yan
- Department of Landscape Architecture College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- Department of Forestry School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
- College of Forestry Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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50
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Wang L, Chen X, Du Y, Zhang D, Tang Z. Nutrients Regulate the Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Reproduction of Cherry Tomato. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843010. [PMID: 35464967 PMCID: PMC9024412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the rhizosphere of plants and form a symbiotic association with plants. Mycorrhizal symbionts have diversified ecological roles and functions which are affected by soil conditions. Understanding the effects of different AMF inoculation on plants under varied nutritional conditions is of great significance for further understanding the effects of the external environment regulating mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant phenotypic traits. In this study, the effects of four AMF inoculation treatments on the growth and reproductive performance of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were investigated under three nutrient levels by pot experiment. It was found that the growth-promoting effect of AMF on cherry tomato decreased with nutrient reduction, and the effects of the same AMF inoculation treatment on cherry tomato were different at different nutrient levels. Nutrient levels and AMF had interactive effects on flower characteristics, fruit yield, resource allocation, and seed germination of the cherry tomato. In addition, AMF could promote sexual reproductive investment. Nutrient levels and AMF also affected the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in cherry tomato, and there were significant differences among different AMF inoculation treatments. The results indicated that nutrient differences could affect the symbiosis between AMF and plants, and confirmed that there were differences in the effects of the four AMF inoculation treatments on the growth and reproductive traits of plants. The differences in growth and reproduction characteristics of cherry tomato between different AMF inoculation treatments at different nutrient levels indicated that the effects of AMF mycorrhizal on the traits of cherry tomato were regulated by nutrients.
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