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Schütte D, Baier M, Griebel T. Cold priming on pathogen susceptibility in the Arabidopsis eds1 mutant background requires a functional stromal Ascorbate Peroxidase. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2300239. [PMID: 38170666 PMCID: PMC10766390 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
24 h cold exposure (4°C) is sufficient to reduce pathogen susceptibility in Arabidopsis thaliana against the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strain even when the infection occurs five days later. This priming effect is independent of the immune regulator Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and can be observed in the immune-compromised eds1-2 null mutant. In contrast, cold priming-reduced Pst susceptibility is strongly impaired in knock-out lines of the stromal and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidases (sAPX/tAPX) highlighting their relevance for abiotic stress-related increased immune resilience. Here, we extended our analysis by generating an eds1 sapx double mutant. eds1 sapx showed eds1-like resistance and susceptibility phenotypes against Pst strains containing the effectors avrRPM1 and avrRPS4. In comparison to eds1-2, susceptibility against the wildtype Pst strain was constitutively enhanced in eds1 sapx. Although a prior cold priming exposure resulted in reduced Pst titers in eds1-2, it did not alter Pst resistance in eds1 sapx. This demonstrates that the genetic sAPX requirement for cold priming of basal plant immunity applies also to an eds1 null mutant background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Schütte
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Griebel
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mamun MA, Lee BR, Park SH, Muchlas M, Bae DW, Kim TH. Interactive regulation of immune-related resistance genes with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in systemic acquired resistance in the Xanthomonas-Brassica pathosystem. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154323. [PMID: 39106735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen-responsive immune-related genes (resistance genes [R-genes]) and hormones are crucial mediators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, their integrated functions in regulating SAR signaling components in local and distal leaves remain largely unknown. To characterize SAR in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)-Brassica napus pathosystem, the responses of R-genes, (leaf and phloem) hormone levels, H2O2 levels, and Ca2+ signaling-related genes were assessed in local and distal leaves of plants exposed to four Xcc-treatments: Non-inoculation (control), only secondary Xcc-inoculation in distal leaves (C-Xcc), only primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves (Xcc), and both primary and secondary Xcc-inoculation (X-Xcc). The primary Xcc-inoculation provoked disease symptoms as evidenced by enlarged destructive necrosis in the local leaves of Xcc and X-Xcc plants 7 days post-inoculation. Comparing visual symptoms in distal leaves 5 days post-secondary inoculation, yellowish necrotic lesions were clearly observed in non Xcc-primed plants (C-Xcc), whereas no visual symptom was developed in Xcc-primed plants (X-Xcc), demonstrating SAR. Pathogen resistance in X-Xcc plants was characterized by distinct upregulations in expression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)-related kinase-encoding gene, BIK1, the (CC-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, ZAR1, and its signaling-related gene, NDR1, with a concurrent enhancement of the kinase-encoding gene, MAPK6, and a depression of the (TIR-NB-LRR-type) R-gene, TAO1, and its signaling-related gene, SGT1, in distal leaves. Further, in X-Xcc plants, higher salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, both in phloem and distal leaves, were accompanied by enhanced expressions of the SA-signaling gene, NPR3, the JA-signaling genes, LOX2 and PDF1.2, and the Ca2+-signaling genes, CAS and CBP60g. However, in distal leaves of C-Xcc plants, an increase in SA level resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which enhanced only SA-dependent signaling, EDS1 and NPR1. These results demonstrate that primary Xcc-inoculation in local leaves induces resistance to subsequent pathogen attack by upregulating BIK1-ZAR1-mediated synergistic interactions with SA and JA signaling as a crucial component of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Muchamad Muchlas
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Core-Facility Center for High-Tech Materials Analysis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Atem JEC, Gan L, Yu W, Huang F, Wang Y, Baloch A, Nwafor CC, Barrie AU, Chen P, Zhang C. Bioinformatics and functional analysis of EDS1 genes in Brassica napus in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112175. [PMID: 38986913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) is a key regulator of plant-pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses. In the Brassica napus genome, we identified six novel EDS1 genes, among which four were responsive to clubroot infection, a major rapeseed disease resistant to chemical control. Developing resistant cultivars is a potent and economically viable strategy to control clubroot infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed conserved domains and structural uniformity in Bna-EDS1 homologs. Bna-EDS1 promoters harbored elements associated with diverse phytohormones and stress responses, highlighting their crucial roles in plant defense. A functional analysis was performed with Bna-EDS1 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines. Bna-EDS1 overexpression boosted resistance to clubroot and upregulated defense-associated genes (PR1, PR2, ICS1, and CBP60), while Bna-EDS1 RNAi increased plant susceptibility, indicating suppression of the defense signaling pathway downstream of NBS-LRRs. RNA-Seq analysis identified key transcripts associated with clubroot resistance, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Activation of SA regulator NPR1, defense signaling markers PR1 and PR2, and upregulation of MYC-TFs suggested that EDS1-mediated clubroot resistance potentially involves the SA pathway. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Bna-EDS1-dependent mechanisms in resistance of B. napus to clubroot disease, and provide valuable insights for fortifying resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Eldeen Chol Atem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Longcai Gan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Wenlin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fan Huang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE68588, USA; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amanullah Baloch
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Alpha Umaru Barrie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
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Shi Q, Fu J, Zhou Y, Ji Y, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Xiao Y, Qian X, Xu Y. Fluorinated plant activators induced dual-pathway signal transduction and long-lasting ROS burst in chloroplast. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106071. [PMID: 39277416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic plant activators represent a promising novel class of green pesticides that can triggering endogenous plant immunity against pathogen invasion. In our previous study, we developed a series of fluorinated compounds capable of eliciting disease resistance in plants; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the mechanism of plant immune activation using four synthetic plant activators in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), including two fluorine-substituted and two non‑fluorine-substituted molecules. Our findings revealed that the fluorinated compounds exhibited superior disease resistance activity compared to the non-fluorinated molecules. Gene expression analysis in systemic acquired resistance (SAR)- and induced systemic resistance (ISR)-related pathways demonstrated that fluorine substitution effectively regulated both SAR- and ISR-pathway activation, highlighting the distinct roles of fluorine in modulating the plant immune system. Notably, the prolonged ROS burst was observed in chloroplasts following treatment with all four plant activators, contrasting with the transient ROS burst induced by natural elicitors. These results provide insights into the unique mechanisms underlying synthetic plant activator-induced plant immunity. Furthermore, comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed a robust immune response mediated by fluorine-substituted plant activators. These findings offer novel insights into the role of fluorine substitution in SAR- and ISR-associated immune signaling pathways and their distinct impact on ROS production within chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjie Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianmian Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Cai J, Panda S, Kazachkova Y, Amzallag E, Li Z, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A. A NAC triad modulates plant immunity by negatively regulating N-hydroxy pipecolic acid biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7212. [PMID: 39174537 PMCID: PMC11341717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) plays an important role in plant immunity. In contrast to its biosynthesis, our current knowledge with respect to the transcriptional regulation of the NHP pathway is limited. This study commences with the engineering of Arabidopsis plants that constitutively produce high NHP levels and display enhanced immunity. Label-free proteomics reveals a NAC-type transcription factor (NAC90) that is strongly induced in these plants. We find that NAC90 is a target gene of SAR DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) and induced by pathogen, salicylic acid (SA), and NHP. NAC90 knockout mutants exhibit constitutive immune activation, earlier senescence, higher levels of NHP and SA, as well as increased expression of NHP and SA biosynthetic genes. In contrast, NAC90 overexpression lines are compromised in disease resistance and accumulated reduced levels of NHP and SA. NAC90 could interact with NAC61 and NAC36 which are also induced by pathogen, SA, and NHP. We next discover that this protein triad directly represses expression of the NHP and SA biosynthetic genes AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1 (ALD1), FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), and ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1). Constitutive immune response in nac90 is abolished once blocking NHP biosynthesis in the fmo1 background, signifying that NAC90 negative regulation of immunity is mediated via NHP biosynthesis. Our findings expand the currently documented NHP regulatory network suggesting a model that together with NHP glycosylation, NAC repressors take part in a 'gas-and-brake' transcriptional mechanism to control NHP production and the plant growth and defense trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormone Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics and Synthetic Biology, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eden Amzallag
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormone Regulation and Molecular Breeding of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics and Synthetic Biology, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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6
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Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Hua D, Rao RY, Chen WS, Yang H, Shen Q, Lai NW, Yang LT, Guo J, Huang ZR, Chen LS. Adaptive Responses of Hormones to Nitrogen Deficiency in Citrus sinensis Leaves and Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1925. [PMID: 39065452 PMCID: PMC11280038 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Some citrus orchards in China often experience nitrogen (N) deficiency. For the first time, targeted metabolomics was used to examine N-deficient effects on hormones in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) leaves and roots. The purpose was to validate the hypothesis that hormones play a role in N deficiency tolerance by regulating root/shoot dry weight ratio (R/S), root system architecture (RSA), and leaf and root senescence. N deficiency-induced decreases in gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels and increases in cis(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) levels, ethylene production, and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis might contribute to reduced growth and accelerated senescence in leaves. The increased ethylene formation in N-deficient leaves might be caused by increased 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid and OPDA and decreased abscisic acid (ABA). N deficiency increased R/S, altered RSA, and delayed root senescence by lowering cytokinins, jasmonic acid, OPDA, and ABA levels and ethylene and SA biosynthesis, increasing 5-deoxystrigol levels, and maintaining IAA and gibberellin homeostasis. The unchanged IAA concentration in N-deficient roots involved increased leaf-to-root IAA transport. The different responses of leaf and root hormones to N deficiency might be involved in the regulation of R/S, RSA, and leaf and root senescence, thus improving N use efficiency, N remobilization efficiency, and the ability to acquire N, and hence conferring N deficiency tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.H.); (R.-Y.R.); (W.-S.C.); (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (N.-W.L.); (L.-T.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.-R.H.)
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8
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Chakraborty J. A comprehensive review of soybean RNL and TIR domain proteins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:78. [PMID: 38922375 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms use the nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich repeat (NBD/LRR)-triggered immunity (NLR-triggered immunity) signaling pathway to defend against pathogens. Plant NLRs are intracellular immune receptors that can bind to effector proteins secreted by pathogens. Dicotyledonous plants express a type of NLR known as TIR domain-containing NLRs (TNLs). TIR domains are enzymes that catalyze the production of small molecules that are essential for immune signaling and lead to plant cell death. The activation of downstream TNL signaling components, such as enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), and senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), is facilitated by these small molecules. Helper NLRs (hNLRs) and the EDS1-PAD4/SAG101 complex associate after activation, causing the hNLRs to oligomerize, translocate to the plasma membrane (PM), and produce cation-selective channels. According to a recent theory, cations enter cells through pores created by oligomeric hNLRs and trigger cell death. Occasionally, TNLs can self-associate to create higher-order oligomers. Here, we categorized soybean TNLs based on the protein domains that they possess. We believe that TNLs may help soybean plants effectively fight pathogens by acting as a source of genetic resistance. In summary, the purpose of this review is to elucidate the range of TNLs that are expressed in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Safaeizadeh M, Boller T, Becker C. Comparative RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana response to AtPep1 and flg22, reveals the identification of PP2-B13 and ACLP1 as new members in pattern-triggered immunity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297124. [PMID: 38833485 PMCID: PMC11149889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, a high-throughput RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis technique (RNA-Seq) was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the wild type Arabidopsis seedlings in response to AtPep1, a well-known peptide representing an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), and flg22, a well-known microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). We compared and dissected the global transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to AtPep1 and flg22 and could identify shared and unique DEGs in response to these elicitors. We found that while a remarkable number of flg22 up-regulated genes were also induced by AtPep1, 256 genes were exclusively up-regulated in response to flg22, and 328 were exclusively up-regulated in response to AtPep1. Furthermore, among down-regulated DEGs upon flg22 treatment, 107 genes were exclusively down-regulated by flg22 treatment, while 411 genes were exclusively down-regulated by AtPep1. We found a number of hitherto overlooked genes to be induced upon treatment with either flg22 or with AtPep1, indicating their possible involvement general pathways in innate immunity. Here, we characterized two of them, namely PP2-B13 and ACLP1. pp2-b13 and aclp1 mutants showed increased susceptibility to infection by the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and its mutant Pst DC3000 hrcC (lacking the type III secretion system), as evidenced by increased proliferation of the two pathogens in planta. Further, we present evidence that the aclp1 mutant is deficient in ethylene production upon flg22 treatment, while the pp2-b13 mutant is deficient in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results from this research provide new information for a better understanding of the immune system in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Safaeizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boller
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claude Becker
- LMU Biocentre, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
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10
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Wang Y, Hu T, Li M, Yin X, Song L. Overexpression of the NbZFP1 encoding a C3HC4-type zinc finger protein enhances antiviral activity of Nicotiana benthamiana. Gene 2024; 908:148290. [PMID: 38367853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Viral diseases are crucial determinants affecting tobacco cultivation, leading to a substantial annual decrease in production. Previous studies have demonstrated the regulatory function of the C3HC4 family of plant zinc finger proteins in combating bacterial diseases. However, it remains to be clarified whether this protein family also plays a role in regulating resistance against plant viruses. In this study, the successful cloning of the zinc finger protein coding gene NbZFP1 from Nicotiana benthamiana has been achieved. The full-length coding sequence of NbZFP1 is 576 bp. Further examination and analysis of this gene revealed its functional properties. The induction of NbZFP1 transcription in N. benthamiana has been observed in response to TMV, CMV, and PVY. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants over-expressing NbZFP1 demonstrated a notable augmentation in the production of chlorophyll a (P < 0.05). Moreover, NbZFP1-overexpressing tobacco exhibited significant resistance to TMV, CMV, and PVY, as evidenced by a decrease in virus copies (P < 0.05). In addition, the defense enzymes activities of PAL, POD, and CAT experienced a significant increase (P < 0.05). The up-regulated expression of genes of NbPAL, NbNPR1 and NbPR-1a, which play a crucial role in SA mediated defense, indicated that the NbZFP1 holds promise in enhancing the virus resistance of tobacco plant. Importantly, the results demonstrate that NbZFP1 can be considered as a viable candidate gene for the cultivation of crops with enhanced virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding(Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Minxue Li
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City 553040, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding(Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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11
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Bernacki MJ, Rusaczonek A, Gołębiewska K, Majewska-Fala AB, Czarnocka W, Karpiński SM. METACASPASE8 (MC8) Is a Crucial Protein in the LSD1-Dependent Cell Death Pathway in Response to Ultraviolet Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3195. [PMID: 38542169 PMCID: PMC10970217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
LESION-SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) is one of the well-known cell death regulatory proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lsd1 mutant exhibits runaway cell death (RCD) in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The phenotype of the lsd1 mutant strongly depends on two other proteins, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) as well as on the synthesis/metabolism/signaling of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the most interesting aspect of the lsd1 mutant is its conditional-dependent RCD phenotype, and thus, the defined role and function of LSD1 in the suppression of EDS1 and PAD4 in controlled laboratory conditions is different in comparison to a multivariable field environment. Analysis of the lsd1 mutant transcriptome in ambient laboratory and field conditions indicated that there were some candidate genes and proteins that might be involved in the regulation of the lsd1 conditional-dependent RCD phenotype. One of them is METACASPASE 8 (AT1G16420). This type II metacaspase was described as a cell death-positive regulator induced by UV-C irradiation and ROS accumulation. In the double mc8/lsd1 mutant, we discovered reversion of the lsd1 RCD phenotype in response to UV radiation applied in controlled laboratory conditions. This cell death deregulation observed in the lsd1 mutant was reverted like in double mutants of lsd1/eds1 and lsd1/pad4. To summarize, in this work, we demonstrated that MC8 is positively involved in EDS1 and PAD4 conditional-dependent regulation of cell death when LSD1 function is suppressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, we identified a new protein compound of the conditional LSD1-EDS1-PAD4 regulatory hub. We proposed a working model of MC8 involvement in the regulation of cell death and we postulated that MC8 is a crucial protein in this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Kinga Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Agata Barbara Majewska-Fala
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Stanisław Mariusz Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
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12
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Zhao YW, Li WK, Wang CK, Sun Q, Wang WY, Huang XY, Xiang Y, Hu DG. MdPRX34L, a class III peroxidase gene, activates the immune response in apple to the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. PLANTA 2024; 259:86. [PMID: 38453695 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION MdPRX34L enhanced resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content as well as the expression of related defense genes. The class III peroxidase (PRX) multigene family is involved in complex biological processes. However, the molecular mechanism of PRXs in the pathogen defense of plants against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea) remains unclear. Here, we cloned the PRX gene MdPRX34L, which was identified as a positive regulator of the defense response to B. dothidea, from the apple cultivar 'Royal Gala.' Overexpression of MdPRX34L in apple calli decreased sensitivity to salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid(ABA). Subsequently, overexpression of MdPRX34L in apple calli increased resistance to B. dothidea infection. In addition, SA contents and the expression levels of genes related to SA synthesis and signaling in apple calli overexpressing MdPRX34L were higher than those in the control after inoculation, suggesting that MdPRX34L enhances resistance to B. dothidea via the SA pathway. Interestingly, infections in apple calli by B. dothidea caused an increase in endogenous levels of ABA followed by induction of ABA-related genes expression. These findings suggest a potential mechanism by which MdPRX34L enhances plant-pathogen defense against B. dothidea by regulating the SA and ABA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wan-Kun Li
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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13
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Feng L, Dong M, Huang Z, Wang Q, An B, He C, Wang Q, Luo H. CgCFEM1 Is Required for the Full Virulence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2937. [PMID: 38474183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is widely distributed and causes anthracnose on many crops, resulting in serious economic losses. Common fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) domain proteins have been implicated in virulence and their interaction with the host plant, but their roles in C. gloeosporioides are still unknown. In this study, a CFEM-containing protein of C. gloeosporioides was identified and named as CgCFEM1. The expression levels of CgCFEM1 were found to be markedly higher in appressoria, and this elevated expression was particularly pronounced during the initial stages of infection in the rubber tree. Absence of CgCFEM1 resulted in impaired pathogenicity, accompanied by notable perturbations in spore morphogenesis, conidiation, appressorium development and primary invasion. During the process of appressorium development, the absence of CgCFEM1 enhanced the mitotic activity in both conidia and germ tubes, as well as compromised conidia autophagy. Rapamycin was found to basically restore the appressorium formation, and the activity of target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase was significantly induced in the CgCFEM1 knockout mutant (∆CgCFEM1). Furthermore, CgCFEM1 was proved to suppress chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and change the expression patterns of defense-related genes. Collectively, we identified a fungal effector CgCFEM1 that contributed to pathogenicity by regulating TOR-mediated conidia and appressorium morphogenesis of C. gloeosporioides and inhibiting the defense responses of the rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Feng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Meixia Dong
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhirui Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Bang An
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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14
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Wang C, Tang RJ, Kou S, Xu X, Lu Y, Rauscher K, Voelker A, Luan S. Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity. Nature 2024; 627:382-388. [PMID: 38418878 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient for plants and a cellular signal, but excessive levels can be toxic and inhibit growth1,2. To thrive in dynamic environments, plants must monitor and maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis by regulating numerous Ca2+ transporters3. Here we report two signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana that converge on the activation of vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) to scavenge excess cytosolic Ca2+ in plants. One mechanism, activated in response to an elevated external Ca2+ level, entails calcineurin B-like (CBL) Ca2+ sensors and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), which activate CAXs by phosphorylating a serine (S) cluster in the auto-inhibitory domain. The second pathway, triggered by molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, engages the immune receptor complex FLS2-BAK1 and the associated cytoplasmic kinases BIK1 and PBL1, which phosphorylate the same S-cluster in CAXs to modulate Ca2+ signals in immunity. These Ca2+-dependent (CBL-CIPK) and Ca2+-independent (FLS2-BAK1-BIK1/PBL1) mechanisms combine to balance plant growth and immunity by regulating cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Senhao Kou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kenda Rauscher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angela Voelker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Palukaitis P, Yoon JY. Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: Crosstalk and finger pointing. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:77-212. [PMID: 38461031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to infection by plant viruses involves proteins encoded by plant resistance (R) genes, viz., nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), immune receptors. These sensor NLRs are activated either directly or indirectly by viral protein effectors, in effector-triggered immunity, leading to induction of defense signaling pathways, resulting in the synthesis of numerous downstream plant effector molecules that inhibit different stages of the infection cycle, as well as the induction of cell death responses mediated by helper NLRs. Early events in this process involve recognition of the activation of the R gene response by various chaperones and the transport of these complexes to the sites of subsequent events. These events include activation of several kinase cascade pathways, and the syntheses of two master transcriptional regulators, EDS1 and NPR1, as well as the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. The phytohormones, which transit from a primed, resting states to active states, regulate the remainder of the defense signaling pathways, both directly and by crosstalk with each other. This regulation results in the turnover of various suppressors of downstream events and the synthesis of various transcription factors that cooperate and/or compete to induce or suppress transcription of either other regulatory proteins, or plant effector molecules. This network of interactions results in the production of defense effectors acting alone or together with cell death in the infected region, with or without the further activation of non-specific, long-distance resistance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding these processes and the components of the local responses, their interactions, regulation, and crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Quevedo-Colmena AS, Ortiz-Atienza A, Jáquez-Gutiérrez M, Quinet M, Atarés A, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Moreno V, Angosto T, Lozano R. Loss of function mutations at the tomato SSI2 locus impair plant growth and development by altering the fatty acid desaturation pathway. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:106-116. [PMID: 37983594 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SACPD) is a key enzyme in the regulation of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio, playing a crucial role in regulating membrane stability and fluidity, as well as photosynthesis efficiency, which makes it an important research focus in crop species. This study reports the characterization and molecular cloning of pale dwarf (pad), a new tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) T-DNA recessive mutant, which exhibits a dwarf and chlorotic phenotype. Functional studies of the T-DNA tagged gene were conducted, including phylogenetic analysis, expression and metabolomic analyses, and generation of CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines. The cloning of T-DNA flanking genomic sequences and a co-segregation analysis found the pad phenotype was caused by a T-DNA insertion disrupting the tomato homologue of the Arabidopsis SUPPRESSOR OF SALICYLIC ACID INSENSITIVITY 2 (SlSSI2), encoding a plastid localized isoform of SACPD. The phenotype of CRISPR/Cas9 SlSSI2 knockout lines confirmed that the morphological abnormalities in pad plants were due to SlSSI2 loss of function. Functional, metabolomic and expression analyses proved that SlSSI2 disruption causes deficiencies in 18:1 fatty acid desaturation and leads to diminished jasmonic acid (JA) content and increased salicylic acid (SA) levels. Overall, these results proved that SSI2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles in tomato, and revealed that SlSSI2 loss of function results in an inhibited JA-responsive signalling pathway and a constitutively activated SA-mediated defence signalling response. This study lays the foundation for further research on tomato SACPDs and their role in plant performance and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Quevedo-Colmena
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - A Ortiz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - M Jáquez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Quinet
- Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Atarés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - F J Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - V Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - T Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - R Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
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17
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Mei S, Song Y, Zhang Z, Cui H, Hou S, Miao W, Rong W. WRR4B contributes to a broad-spectrum disease resistance against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13415. [PMID: 38279853 PMCID: PMC10777751 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Oidium heveae HN1106, a powdery mildew (PM) that infects rubber trees, has been found to trigger disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)-, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4)- and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signalling pathways. In this study, a typical TOLL-INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR, NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING, LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (TIR-NB-LRR)-encoding gene, WHITE RUST RESISTANCE 4 (WRR4B), was identified to be required for the resistance against O. heveae in Arabidopsis. The expression of WRR4B was upregulated by O. heveae inoculation, and WRR4B positively regulated the expression of genes involved in SA biosynthesis, such as EDS1, PAD4, ICS1 (ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1), SARD1 (SYSTEMIC-ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1) and CBP60g (CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60 G). Furthermore, WRR4B triggered self-amplification, suggesting that WRR4B mediated plant resistance through taking part in the SA-based positive feedback loop. In addition, WRR4B induced an EDS1-dependent hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana and contributed to disease resistance against three other PM species: Podosphaera xanthii, Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe neolycopersici, indicating that WRR4B is a broad-spectrum disease resistance gene against PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Mei
- College of Plant ProtectionHainan UniversityHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University, Ministry of EducationHaikouHainanChina
| | - Yuxin Song
- College of Plant ProtectionHainan UniversityHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University, Ministry of EducationHaikouHainanChina
| | - Zuer Zhang
- College of Plant ProtectionHainan UniversityHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University, Ministry of EducationHaikouHainanChina
| | - Haitao Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandongChina
| | - Shuguo Hou
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityWeifangShandongChina
| | - Weiguo Miao
- College of Plant ProtectionHainan UniversityHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University, Ministry of EducationHaikouHainanChina
| | - Wei Rong
- College of Plant ProtectionHainan UniversityHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University, Ministry of EducationHaikouHainanChina
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18
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Hashimoto S, Shikanai Y, Kusajima M, Nakamura H, Fujiwara T, Kamiya T. Inhibition of NPR1 Leads to Shoot Growth Improvement under Low-Calcium Conditions in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1579-1589. [PMID: 37650642 PMCID: PMC10734893 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Under low-Ca conditions, plants accumulate salicylic acid (SA) and induce SA-responsive genes. However, the relationship between SA and low-Ca tolerance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the inhibition or suppression of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) activity, a major regulator of the SA signaling pathway in the defense response, improves shoot growth under low-Ca conditions. Furthermore, mutations in phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4) or enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), which are upstream regulators of NPR1, improved shoot growth under low-Ca conditions, suggesting that NPR1 suppressed growth under low-Ca conditions. In contrast, growth of SA induction-deficient 2-2 (sid2-2), which is an SA-deficient mutant, was sensitive to low Ca levels, suggesting that SA accumulation by SID2 was not related to growth inhibition under low-Ca conditions. Additionally, npr1-1 showed low-Ca tolerance, and the application of tenoxicam-an inhibitor of the NPR1-mediated activation of gene expression-also improved shoot growth under low Ca conditions. The low-Ca tolerance of double mutants pad4-1, npr1-1 and eds1-22 npr1-1 was similar to that of the single mutants, suggesting that PAD4 and EDS1 are involved in the same genetic pathway in suppressing growth under low-Ca conditions as NPR1. Cell death and low-Ca tolerance did not correlate among the mutants, suggesting that growth improvement in the mutants was not due to cell death inhibition. In conclusion, we revealed that NPR1 suppresses plant growth under low-Ca conditions and that the other SA-related genes influence plant growth and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Shikanai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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Abdel-Hameed AAE, Prasad KVSK, Reddy ASN. The amino acid region from 448-517 of CAMTA3 transcription factor containing a part of the TIG domain represses the N-terminal repression module function. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1813-1824. [PMID: 38222273 PMCID: PMC10784436 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
CAMTA3, a Ca2+-regulated transcription factor, is a repressor of plant immune responses. A truncated version of CAMTA3; CAMTA3334 called N-terminal repression module (NRM), and its extended version (CAMTA447), which include the DNA binding domain, were previously reported to complement the camta3/2 mutant phenotype. Here, we generated a series of CAMTA3 truncated versions [the N-terminus (aa 1-517), C-terminus (aa 517-1032), R1 (aa 1-173), R2 (aa 174-345), R3 (aa 346-517), R4 (aa 517-689), R5 (aa 690-861) and R6 (aa 862-1032)], expressed in camta3 mutant and analyzed the phenotypes of the transgenic lines. Interestingly, unlike CAMTA447, extending the N-terminal region to 517 aa did not complement the camta3 phenotype, suggesting that the amino acid region from 448-517 (70 aa), which includes a part of the TIG domain suppresses the NRM activity. The C-terminus and other truncated versions (R1-R6) also failed to complement the camta3 mutant. Expressing the full length or NRM of CAMTA3 in camta3 plants suppressed the activation of immune-responsive genes and increased the expression of cold-induced genes. In contrast, the transgenic lines expressing the N- or C-terminus or R1-R6 of CAMTA3 showed expression patterns like those of the camta3 with enhanced expression of the defense genes and suppressed expression of the cold response genes. Furthermore, like camta3, the transgenic lines expressing the N- or C-terminus, or R1-R6 of CAMTA3 exhibited higher levels of H2O2 and increased resistance to a Pst DC3000 as compared to WT, NRM, or FL-CAMTA3 transgenic plants. Our studies identified a novel regulatory region in CAMTA3 that suppresses the NRM activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01401-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. E. Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
- Present Address: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Kasavajhala V. S. K. Prasad
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
| | - Anireddy S. N. Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878 USA
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20
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Wang MY, Chen JB, Wu R, Guo HL, Chen Y, Li ZJ, Wei LY, Liu C, He SF, Du MD, Guo YL, Peng YL, Jones JDG, Weigel D, Huang JH, Zhu WS. The plant immune receptor SNC1 monitors helper NLRs targeted by a bacterial effector. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1792-1803.e7. [PMID: 37944492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants deploy intracellular receptors to counteract pathogen effectors that suppress cell-surface-receptor-mediated immunity. To what extent pathogens manipulate intracellular receptor-mediated immunity, and how plants tackle such manipulation, remains unknown. Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three similar ADR1 class helper nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (ADR1, ADR1-L1, and ADR1-L2), which are crucial in plant immunity initiated by intracellular receptors. Here, we report that Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrPtoB suppresses ADR1-L1- and ADR1-L2-mediated cell death. ADR1, however, evades such suppression by diversifying into two ubiquitination sites targeted by AvrPtoB. The intracellular sensor SNC1 interacts with and guards the CCR domains of ADR1-L1/L2. Removal of ADR1-L1/L2 or delivery of AvrPtoB activates SNC1, which then signals through ADR1 to trigger immunity. Our work elucidates the long-sought-after function of SNC1 in defense, and also how plants can use dual strategies, sequence diversification, and a multi-layered guard-guardee system, to counteract pathogen's attack on core immunity functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hai-Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu-Yang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Da Du
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jonathan D G Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Wang-Sheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Li Q, Yin Z, Tan W, Sun X, Cao H, Wang D. The resistance of the jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) to the devastating insect pest Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera, Insecta) involves the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105597. [PMID: 37945226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera, Insecta), cosmopolitan true bug, is a major pest of the Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba). To propose control measures of A. lucorum, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of resistance in two varieties of jujube (wild jujube and winter jujube) with different sensitivities to this pest. We monitored changes of two species of jujube in the transcriptome, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) content, and the expression of genes involved in signaling pathways. The preference of A. lucorum for jujube with exogenous SA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were also examined. The results showed that wild jujube leaves infested by A. lucorum showed stronger resistance and non-selectivity to A. lucorum than winter jujube. By comparing data from the A. lucorum infested plants with the control, A total of 438 and 796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in winter and wild jujube leaves, respectively. GO analysis revealed that biological process termed "plant-pathogen interactions", "plant hormone transduction" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Most of DEGs enriched in JA pathways were upregulated, while most DEGs of SA pathways were downregulated. A. lucorum increased the JA content but decreased the SA content in jujube. Consistently, the JA and SA contents in winter jujube were lower than those in wild jujube leaves. The key genes ZjFAD3, ZjLOX, ZjAOS, ZjAOC3 and ZjAOC4 involved in JA synthesis of jujube leaves were significantly up-regulated after A. lucorum infestation, especially the expression and up-regulation ratio of ZjFAD3, ZjLOX and ZjAOS in wild jujube were significantly higher than those in winter jujube. MeJA-treated jujube showed an obvious repellent effect on A. lucorum. Based on these findings, we conclude that A. lucorum infestation of jujube induced the JA pathway and suppressed the SA pathway. In jujube leaves the ZjFAD3, ZjLOX and ZjAOS played important roles in increasing of JA content in jujube leaves. Thus, JA played an important role in repelling and resisting against A. lucorum in jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wei Tan
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Deya Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
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22
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Meier ND, Seward K, Caplan JL, Dinesh-Kumar SP. Calponin homology domain containing kinesin, KIS1, regulates chloroplast stromule formation and immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7407. [PMID: 37878708 PMCID: PMC10599616 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast morphology changes during immunity, giving rise to tubule-like structures known as stromules. Stromules extend along microtubules and anchor to actin filaments along nuclei to promote perinuclear chloroplast clustering. This facilitates the transport of defense molecules/proteins from chloroplasts to the nucleus. Evidence for a direct role for stromules in immunity is lacking since, currently, there are no known genes that regulate stromule biogenesis. We show that a calponin homology (CH) domain containing kinesin, KIS1 (kinesin required for inducing stromules 1), is required for stromule formation during TNL [TIR (Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor)-type nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat]-immune receptor-mediated immunity. Furthermore, KIS1 is required for TNL-mediated immunity to bacterial and viral pathogens. The microtubule-binding motor domain of KIS1 is required for stromule formation while the actin-binding, CH domain is required for perinuclear chloroplast clustering. We show that KIS1 functions through early immune signaling components, EDS1 and PAD4, with salicylic acid-induced stromules requiring KIS1. Thus, KIS1 represents a player in stromule biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Meier
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kody Seward
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Caplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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23
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Eid MA, Momeh GN, El-Shanshoury AERR, Allam NG, Gaafar RM. Comprehensive analysis of soybean cultivars' response to SMV infection: genotypic association, molecular characterization, and defense gene expressions. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 37847328 PMCID: PMC10581962 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a devastating disease that threatens soybean plants worldwide. The different soybean genotypes displayed different responses to SMV strains. This study aimed to investigate the response of different selected soybean cultivars to SMV infection in Egypt based on their specific genetic makeup. RESULT The symptoms of SMV infection and the viral concentration were evaluated in eight soybean cultivars (Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 35, Giza 82, Giza 111, Crawford, H4L4, and PI416937) using ELISA assay. The results indicated that Giza 21 and Giza 35 were moderately tolerant to SMV infection, while Giza 82 was the least tolerant cultivar. Giza 22, Giza 111, and PI416937 were less tolerant; however, H4L4 and Crawford were identified as the most tolerant cultivars against SMV infection. The chi-square analysis showed a significant association between the different selected cultivars and their response against SMV infection. The PCR test showed the presence of RSV1 (3gG2), RSV1 (5gG3), and RSV3 loci, and the absence of the RSV4 locus gene. The expression analysis of the selected defense genes (EDS1, PAD4, EDR1, ERF1, and JAR) showed variations in the fold changes between infected and non-infected soybean cultivars, suggesting that these genes might play a crucial role in this pathosystem. Additionally, there was a strong positive association between the expression levels of EDR1 and ERF1. CONCLUSION The study found the presence of RSV1 (3gG2), RSV1 (5gG3), and RSV3 loci in selected soybean cultivars, but not RSV4. The analysis of gene expression indicated that certain defense genes may play a vital role in the pathosystem. This research is the first of its kind in Egypt to genotype soybean cultivars regarding different RSV loci. The findings could be beneficial for further research on understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in SMV infection and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Eid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gehan N Momeh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Nanis G Allam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Reda M Gaafar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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24
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Jiang H, Zhang M, Yu F, Li X, Jin J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Jing T, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. A geraniol synthase regulates plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad184. [PMID: 37885816 PMCID: PMC10599320 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Geraniol is an important contributor to the pleasant floral scent of tea products and one of the most abundant aroma compounds in tea plants; however, its biosynthesis and physiological function in response to stress in tea plants remain unclear. The proteins encoded by the full-length terpene synthase (CsTPS1) and its alternative splicing isoform (CsTPS1-AS) could catalyze the formation of geraniol when GPP was used as a substrate in vitro, whereas the expression of CsTPS1-AS was only significantly induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Neopestalotiopsis sp. infection. Silencing of CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS resulted in a significant decrease of geraniol content in tea plants. The geraniol content and disease resistance of tea plants were compared when CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS were silenced. Down-regulation of the expression of CsTPS1-AS reduced the accumulation of geraniol, and the silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. However, there was no significant difference observed in the geraniol content and pathogen resistance between CsTPS1-silenced plants and control plants in the tea plants infected with two pathogens. Further analysis showed that silencing of CsTPS1-AS led to a decrease in the expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2 and SA pathway-related genes in tea plants, which increased the susceptibility of tea plants to pathogens infections. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that CsTPS1 is involved in the regulation of geraniol formation and plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. The results of this study provide new insights into geraniol biosynthesis and highlight the role of monoterpene synthases in modulating plant disease resistance via alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youjia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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Mesny F, Hacquard S, Thomma BPHJ. Co-evolution within the plant holobiont drives host performance. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57455. [PMID: 37471099 PMCID: PMC10481671 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms that influence their growth and resilience, and they can therefore be considered as ecological entities, namely "plant holobionts," rather than as singular organisms. In a plant holobiont, the assembly of above- and belowground microbiota is ruled by host, microbial, and environmental factors. Upon microorganism perception, plants activate immune signaling resulting in the secretion of factors that modulate microbiota composition. Additionally, metabolic interdependencies and antagonism between microbes are driving forces for community assemblies. We argue that complex plant-microbe and intermicrobial interactions have been selected for during evolution and may promote the survival and fitness of plants and their associated microorganisms as holobionts. As part of this process, plants evolved metabolite-mediated strategies to selectively recruit beneficial microorganisms in their microbiota. Some of these microbiota members show host-adaptation, from which mutualism may rapidly arise. In the holobiont, microbiota members also co-evolved antagonistic activities that restrict proliferation of microbes with high pathogenic potential and can therefore prevent disease development. Co-evolution within holobionts thus ultimately drives plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantin Mesny
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe InteractionsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
| | - Bart PHJ Thomma
- Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)CologneGermany
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26
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García-Espinoza F, García MJ, Quesada-Moraga E, Yousef-Yousef M. Entomopathogenic Fungus-Related Priming Defense Mechanisms in Cucurbits Impact Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0094023. [PMID: 37439674 PMCID: PMC10467339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00940-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) exhibit direct and indirect mechanisms to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant responses to these stresses are interconnected by common regulators such as ethylene (ET), which is involved in both iron (Fe) deficiency and induced systemic resistance responses. In this work, the roots of cucurbit seedlings were primed with Metarhizium brunneum (EAMa 01/58-Su strain), and relative expression levels of 18 genes related to ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, as well as pathogen-related (PR) protein genes, were studied by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Effects of priming on Spodoptera littoralis were studied by feeding larvae for 15 days with primed and control plants. Genes showed upregulation in studied species; however, the highest relative expression was observed in roots and shoots of plants with Fe deficiency, demonstrating the complexity and the overlapping degree of the regulatory network. EIN2 and EIN3 should be highlighted; both are key genes of the ET transduction pathway that enhanced their expression levels up to eight and four times, respectively, in shoots of primed cucumber. Also, JA and SA synthesis and PR genes showed significant upregulation during the observation period (e.g., the JA gene LOX1 increased 506 times). Survival and fitness of S. littoralis were affected with significant effects on mortality of larvae fed on primed plants versus controls, length of the larval stage, pupal weight, and the percentage of abnormal pupae. These results highlight the role of the EAMa 01/58-Su strain in the induction of resistance, which could be translated into direct benefits for plant development. IMPORTANCE Entomopathogenic fungi are multipurpose microorganisms with direct and indirect effects on insect pests. Also, EPF provide multiple benefits to plants by solubilizing minerals and facilitating nutrient acquisition. A very interesting and novel effect of these fungi is the enhancement of plant defense systems by inducing systematic and acquired resistance. However, little is known about this function. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms involved in cucurbits plants' defense activation after being primed by the EPF M. brunneum. Furthermore, the subsequent effects on the fitness of the lepidopteran pest S. littoralis are shown. In this regard, a significant upregulation was recorded for the genes that regulate JA, SA, and ET pathways. This increased expression of defense genes caused lethal and sublethal effects on S. littoralis. This could be considered an added value for the implementation of EPF in integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. García-Espinoza
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitología. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro – Unidad Laguna, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - M. J. García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E. Quesada-Moraga
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. Yousef-Yousef
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Jacob P, Hige J, Dangl JL. Is localized acquired resistance the mechanism for effector-triggered disease resistance in plants? NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1184-1190. [PMID: 37537398 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are intracellular immune receptors that are activated by their direct or indirect interactions with virulence effectors. NLR activation triggers a strong immune response and consequent disease resistance. However, the NLR-driven immune response can be targeted by virulence effectors. It is thus unclear how immune activation can occur concomitantly with virulence effector suppression of immunity. Recent observations suggest that the activation of effector-triggered immunity does not sustain defence gene expression in tissues in contact with the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Instead, strong defence was observed on the border of the infection area. This response is reminiscent of localized acquired resistance (LAR). LAR is a strong defence response occurring in a ~2 mm area around cells in contact with the pathogen and probably serves to prevent the spread of pathogens. Here we propose that effector-triggered immunity is essentially a quarantining mechanism to prevent systemic pathogen spread and disease, and that the induction of LAR is a key component of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Jacob
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Junko Hige
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Li M, Yang Z, Liu J, Chang C. Wheat Susceptibility Genes TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3 Negatively Regulate Post-Penetration Resistance against Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10224. [PMID: 37373370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici (B.g. tritici) is the airborne fungal pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease on hexaploid bread wheat. Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) regulate plant responses to environments, but their potential functions in the regulation of wheat-B.g. tritici interaction remain unknown. In this study, the wheat CAMTA transcription factors TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3 were identified as suppressors of wheat post-penetration resistance against powdery mildew. Transient overexpression of TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3 enhanced the post-penetration susceptibility of wheat to B.g. tritici, while knockdown of TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3 expression using transient- or virus-induced gene silencing compromised wheat post-penetration susceptibility to B.g. tritici. In addition, TaSARD1 and TaEDS1 were characterized as positive regulators of wheat post-penetration resistance against powdery mildew. Overexpressing TaSARD1 and TaEDS1 confers wheat post-penetration resistance against B.g. tritici, while silencing TaSARD1 and TaEDS1 enhances wheat post-penetration susceptibility to B.g. tritici. Importantly, we showed that expressions of TaSARD1 and TaEDS1 were potentiated by silencing of TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3. Collectively, these results implicated that the Susceptibility genes TaCAMTA2 and TaCAMTA3 contribute to the wheat-B.g. tritici compatibility might via negative regulation of TaSARD1 and TaEDS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zige Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Fu Y, Fan B, Li X, Bao H, Zhu C, Chen Z. Autophagy and multivesicular body pathways cooperate to protect sulfur assimilation and chloroplast functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:886-909. [PMID: 36852939 PMCID: PMC10231471 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) represent 2 closely related lysosomal/vacuolar degradation pathways. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), autophagy is stress-induced, with deficiency in autophagy causing strong defects in stress responses but limited effects on growth. LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 (LIP5) is a key regulator of stress-induced MVB biogenesis, and mutation of LIP5 also strongly compromises stress responses with little effect on growth in Arabidopsis. To determine the functional interactions of these 2 pathways in Arabidopsis, we generated mutations in both the LIP5 and AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN (ATG) genes. atg5/lip5 and atg7/lip5 double mutants displayed strong synergistic phenotypes in fitness characterized by stunted growth, early senescence, reduced survival, and greatly diminished seed production under normal growth conditions. Transcriptome and metabolite analysis revealed that chloroplast sulfate assimilation was specifically downregulated at early seedling stages in the atg7/lip5 double mutant prior to the onset of visible phenotypes. Overexpression of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase 1, a key enzyme in sulfate assimilation, substantially improved the growth and fitness of the atg7/lip5 double mutant. Comparative multi-omic analysis further revealed that the atg7/lip5 double mutant was strongly compromised in other chloroplast functions including photosynthesis and primary carbon metabolism. Premature senescence and reduced survival of atg/lip5 double mutants were associated with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and overactivation of stress-associated programs. Blocking PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 and salicylic acid signaling prevented early senescence and death of the atg7/lip5 double mutant. Thus, stress-responsive autophagy and MVB pathways play an important cooperative role in protecting essential chloroplast functions including sulfur assimilation under normal growth conditions to suppress salicylic-acid-dependent premature cell-death and promote plant growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Fu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hexigeduleng Bao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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30
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Li K, Yan Z, Mu Q, Zhang Q, Liu H, Wang F, Li A, Ding T, Zhao H, Wang P. Overexpressing Ribosomal Protein L16D Affects Leaf Development but Confers Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119479. [PMID: 37298429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant cells, multiple paralogs from ribosomal protein (RP) families are always synchronously expressed, which is likely contributing to ribosome heterogeneity or functional specialization. However, previous studies have shown that most RP mutants share common phenotypes. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish whether the phenotypes of the mutants have resulted from the loss of specific genes or a global ribosome deficiency. Here, to investigate the role of a specific RP gene, we employed a gene overexpression strategy. We found that Arabidopsis lines overexpressing RPL16D (L16D-OEs) display short and curled rosette leaves. Microscopic observations reveal that both the cell size and cell arrangement are affected in L16D-OEs. The severity of the defect is positively correlated with RPL16D dosage. By combining transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, we found that overexpressing RPL16D decreases the expression of genes involved in plant growth, but increases the expression of genes involved in immune response. Overall, our results suggest that RPL16D is involved in the balance between plant growth and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingtian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ao Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Walker PL, Ziegler DJ, Giesbrecht S, McLoughlin A, Wan J, Khan D, Hoi V, Whyard S, Belmonte MF. Control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) through plant-mediated RNA interference. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6477. [PMID: 37081036 PMCID: PMC10119085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is capable of infecting over 600 plant species and is responsible for significant crop losses across the globe. Control is currently dependent on broad-spectrum chemical agents that can negatively impact the agroecological environment, presenting a need to develop alternative control measures. In this study, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (AT1703) expressing hairpin (hp)RNA to silence S. sclerotiorum ABHYDROLASE-3 and slow infection through host induced gene silencing (HIGS). Leaf infection assays show reduced S. sclerotiorum lesion size, fungal load, and ABHYDROLASE-3 transcript abundance in AT1703 compared to wild-type Col-0. To better understand how HIGS influences host-pathogen interactions, we performed global RNA sequencing on AT1703 and wild-type Col-0 directly at the site of S. sclerotiorum infection. RNA sequencing data reveals enrichment of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, as well as transcription factors predicted to regulate plant immunity. Using RT-qPCR, we identified predicted interacting partners of ABHYDROLASE-3 in the polyamine synthesis pathway of S. sclerotiorum that demonstrate co-reduction with ABHYDROLASE-3 transcript levels during infection. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of HIGS technology in slowing S. sclerotiorum infection and provide insight into the role of ABHYDROLASE-3 in the A. thaliana-S. sclerotiorum pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dylan J Ziegler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shayna Giesbrecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Austein McLoughlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joey Wan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deirdre Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vanessa Hoi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Steve Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark F Belmonte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Xu J, Qin L, Xu X, Shen H, Yang X. Bacillus paralicheniformis RP01 Enhances the Expression of Growth-Related Genes in Cotton and Promotes Plant Growth by Altering Microbiota inside and outside the Root. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087227. [PMID: 37108389 PMCID: PMC10138817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can promote plant growth in various ways, allowing PGPB to replace chemical fertilizers to avoid environmental pollution. PGPB is also used for bioremediation and in plant pathogen control. The isolation and evaluation of PGPB are essential not only for practical applications, but also for basic research. Currently, the known PGPB strains are limited, and their functions are not fully understood. Therefore, the growth-promoting mechanism needs to be further explored and improved. The Bacillus paralicheniformis RP01 strain with beneficial growth-promoting activity was screened from the root surface of Brassica chinensis using a phosphate-solubilizing medium. RP01 inoculation significantly increased plant root length and brassinosteroid content and upregulated the expression of growth-related genes. Simultaneously, it increased the number of beneficial bacteria that promoted plant growth and reduced the number of detrimental bacteria. The genome annotation findings also revealed that RP01 possesses a variety of growth-promoting mechanisms and a tremendous growth-promoting potential. This study isolated a highly potential PGPB and elucidated its possible direct and indirect growth-promoting mechanisms. Our study results will help enrich the PGPB library and provide a reference for plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Lijun Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xingyong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
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Patnaik A, Kumar A, Behera A, Mishra G, Dehery SK, Panigrahy M, Das AB, Panigrahi KCS. GIGANTEA supresses wilt disease resistance by down-regulating the jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091644. [PMID: 36968378 PMCID: PMC10034405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant-specific nuclear protein that plays a pleiotropic role in the growth and development of plants. GI's involvement in circadian clock function, flowering time regulation, and various types of abiotic stress tolerance has been well documented in recent years. Here, the role of GI in response to Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) infection is investigated at the molecular level comparing Col-0 WT with the gi-100 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disease progression, photosynthetic parameters, and comparative anatomy confirmed that the spread and damage caused by pathogen infection were less severe in gi-100 than in Col-0 WT plants. F. oxysporum infection induces a remarkable accumulation of GI protein. Our report showed that it is not involved in flowering time regulation during F. oxysporum infection. Estimation of defense hormone after infection showed that jasmonic acid (JA) level is higher and salicylic acid (SA) level is lower in gi-100 compared to Col-0 WT. Here, we show that the relative transcript expression of CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) and PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) as a marker of the JA pathway is significantly higher while ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) and NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), the markers of the SA pathway, are downregulated in the gi-100 mutants compared to Col-0 plants. The present study convincingly suggests that the GI module promotes susceptibility to F. oxysporum infection by inducing the SA pathway and inhibiting JA signaling in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Patnaik
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Anshuman Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Gayatri Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Dehery
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhusmita Panigrahy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Anath Bandhu Das
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kishore C. S. Panigrahi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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Hu L, Qi P, Peper A, Kong F, Yao Y, Yang L. Distinct function of SPL genes in age-related resistance in Arabidopsis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011218. [PMID: 36947557 PMCID: PMC10069772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, age-related resistance (ARR) refers to a gain of disease resistance during shoot or organ maturation. ARR associated with vegetative phase change, a transition from juvenile to adult stage, is a widespread agronomic trait affecting resistance against multiple pathogens. How innate immunity in a plant is differentially regulated during successive stages of shoot maturation is unclear. In this work, we found that Arabidopsis thaliana showed ARR against its bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 during vegetative phase change. The timing of the ARR activation was associated with a temporal drop of miR156 level. The microRNA miR156 maintains juvenile phase by inhibiting the accumulation and translation of SPL transcripts. A systematic inspection of the loss- and gain-of-function mutants of 11 SPL genes revealed that a subset of SPL genes, notably SPL2, SPL10, and SPL11, activated ARR in adult stage. The immune function of SPL10 was independent of its role in morphogenesis. Furthermore, the SPL10 mediated an age-dependent augmentation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway partially by direct activation of PAD4. Disrupting SA biosynthesis or signaling abolished the ARR against Pto DC3000. Our work demonstrated that the miR156-SPL10 module in Arabidopsis is deployed to operate immune outputs over developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxi Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Plant Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alan Peper
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Wei JT, Zhao SP, Zhang HY, Jin LG, Yu TF, Zheng L, Ma J, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Fu JD, Ma YZ, Xu ZS. GmDof41 regulated by the DREB1-type protein improves drought and salt tolerance by regulating the DREB2-type protein in soybean. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123255. [PMID: 36639088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite their essential and multiple roles in biological processes, the molecular mechanism of Dof transcription factors (TFs) for responding to abiotic stresses is rarely reported in plants. We identified a soybean Dof gene GmDof41 which was involved in the responses to drought, salt, and exogenous ABA stresses. Overexpression of GmDof41 in soybean transgenic hairy roots attenuated H2O2 accumulation and regulated proline homeostasis, resulting in the drought and salt tolerance. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) illustrated that GmDof41 was regulated by the DREB1-type protein GmDREB1B;1 that could improve drought and salt tolerance in plants. Further studies illustrated GmDof41 can directly bind to the promoter of GmDREB2A which encodes a DREB2-type protein and affects abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Collectively, our results suggested that GmDof41 positively regulated drought and salt tolerance by correlating with GmDREB1B;1 and GmDREB2A. This study provides an important basis for further exploring the abiotic stress-tolerance mechanism of Dof TFs in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tong Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long-Guo Jin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tai-Fei Yu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin-Dong Fu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops/Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China; College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.
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Zheng X, Liu F, Yang X, Li W, Chen S, Yue X, Jia Q, Sun X. The MAX2-KAI2 module promotes salicylic acid-mediated immune responses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36738234 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) is a key component in the strigolactone (SL) and karrikin (KAR) signaling pathways and regulates the degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1/SMAX1-like (SMAX1/SMXL) proteins, which are transcriptional co-repressors that regulate plant architecture, as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. The max2 mutation reduces resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To uncover the mechanism of MAX2-mediated resistance, we evaluated the resistance of various SL and KAR signaling pathway mutants. The resistance of SL-deficient mutants and of dwarf 14 (d14) was similar to that of the wild-type, whereas the resistance of the karrikin insensitive 2 (kai2) mutant was compromised, demonstrating that the KAR signaling pathway, not the SL signaling pathway, positively regulates the immune response. We measured the resistance of smax1 and smxl mutants, as well as the double, triple, and quadruple mutants with max2, which revealed that both the smax1 mutant and smxl6/7/8 triple mutant rescue the low resistance phenotype of max2 and that SMAX1 accumulation diminishes resistance. The susceptibility of smax1D, containing a degradation-insensitive form of SMAX1, further confirmed the SMAX1 function in the resistance. The relationship between the accumulation of SMAX1/SMXLs and disease resistance suggested that the inhibitory activity of SMAX1 to resistance requires SMXL6/7/8. Moreover, the exogenous application of KAR2 enhanced resistance against Pst, but KAR-induced resistance depended on salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Inhibition of karrikin signaling delayed SA-mediated defense responses and inhibited pathogen-induced protein biosynthesis. Together, we propose that the MAX2-KAI2-SMAX1 complex regulates resistance with the assistance of SMXL6/7/8 and SA signaling and that SMAX1/SMXLs possibly form a multimeric complex with their target transcription factors to fine tune immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fangqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Sique Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinwu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Bauer K, Nayem S, Lehmann M, Wenig M, Shu LJ, Ranf S, Geigenberger P, Vlot AC. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 modulates systemic immune signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1096800. [PMID: 36816482 PMCID: PMC9931724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin- and hemicellulose-associated structures of plant cell walls participate in defense responses against pathogens of different parasitic lifestyles. The resulting immune responses incorporate phytohormone signaling components associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). SA plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a form of induced resistance that - after a local immune stimulus - confers long-lasting, systemic protection against a broad range of biotrophic invaders. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 (BXL4) protein accumulation is enhanced in the apoplast of plants undergoing SAR. Here, two independent Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of BXL4 displayed compromised systemic defenses, while local resistance responses to Pseudomonas syringae remained largely intact. Because both phloem-mediated and airborne systemic signaling were abrogated in the mutants, the data suggest that BXL4 is a central component in SAR signaling mechanisms. Exogenous xylose, a possible product of BXL4 enzymatic activity in plant cell walls, enhanced systemic defenses. However, GC-MS analysis of SAR-activated plants revealed BXL4-associated changes in the accumulation of certain amino acids and soluble sugars, but not xylose. In contrast, the data suggest a possible role of pectin-associated fucose as well as of the polyamine putrescine as regulatory components of SAR. This is the first evidence of a central role of cell wall metabolic changes in systemic immunity. Additionally, the data reveal a so far unrecognized complexity in the regulation of SAR, which might allow the design of (crop) plant protection measures including SAR-associated cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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Canales J, Arenas-M A, Medina J, Vidal EA. A Revised View of the LSU Gene Family: New Functions in Plant Stress Responses and Phytohormone Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032819. [PMID: 36769138 PMCID: PMC9917515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LSUs (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) are plant-specific proteins of unknown function that were initially identified during transcriptomic studies of the sulfur deficiency response in Arabidopsis. Recent functional studies have shown that LSUs are important hubs of protein interaction networks with potential roles in plant stress responses. In particular, LSU proteins have been reported to interact with members of the brassinosteroid, jasmonate signaling, and ethylene biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that LSUs may be involved in response to plant stress through modulation of phytohormones. Furthermore, in silico analysis of the promoter regions of LSU genes in Arabidopsis has revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements that are potentially responsive to phytohormones such as ABA, auxin, and jasmonic acid, suggesting crosstalk between LSU proteins and phytohormones. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the LSU gene family in plants and its potential role in phytohormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Anita Arenas-M
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena A. Vidal
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (E.A.V.)
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Gao LL, Hong ZH, Wang Y, Wu GZ. Chloroplast proteostasis: A story of birth, life, and death. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100424. [PMID: 35964157 PMCID: PMC9860172 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a dynamic balance of protein synthesis and degradation. Because of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and the massive transfer of their genetic information to the nucleus of the host cell, many protein complexes in the chloroplasts are constituted from subunits encoded by both genomes. Hence, the proper function of chloroplasts relies on the coordinated expression of chloroplast- and nucleus-encoded genes. The biogenesis and maintenance of chloroplast proteostasis are dependent on synthesis of chloroplast-encoded proteins, import of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins from the cytosol, and clearance of damaged or otherwise undesired "old" proteins. This review focuses on the regulation of chloroplast proteostasis, its interaction with proteostasis of the cytosol, and its retrograde control over nuclear gene expression. We also discuss significant issues and perspectives for future studies and potential applications for improving the photosynthetic performance and stress tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Gao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Hong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guo-Zhang Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Decsi K, Kutasy B, Hegedűs G, Alföldi ZP, Kálmán N, Nagy Á, Virág E. Natural immunity stimulation using ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner in field culture of soybean. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12907. [PMID: 36691550 PMCID: PMC9860300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, climate change has had an increasing impact on the world. Innate defense mechanisms operating in plants - such as PAMP-triggered Immunity (PTI) - help to reduce the adverse effects caused by various abiotic and biotic stressors. In this study, the effects of ELICE16INDURES® plant conditioner for organic farming, developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalász Hungary, were studied in a soybean population in Northern Hungary. The active compounds and ingredients of this product were selected in such a way as to facilitate the triggering of general plant immunity without the presence and harmful effects of pathogens, thereby strengthening the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible stress effects. In practice, treatments of this agent were applied at two different time points and two concentrations. The conditioning effect was well demonstrated by using agro-drone and ENDVI determination in the soybean field. The genetic background of healthier plants was investigated by NGS sequencing, and by the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways regulating PTI. The genome-wide transcriptional profiling resulted in 13 contigs related to PAMP-triggered immunity and activated as a result of the treatments. Further analyses showed 16 additional PTI-related contigs whose gene expression changed positively as a result of the treatments. The gene expression values of genes encoded in these contigs were determined by in silico mRNA quantification and validated by RT-qPCR. Both - relatively low and high treatments - showed an increase in gene expression of key genes involving AOC, IFS, MAPK4, MEKK, and GST. Transcriptomic results indicated that the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, phytoalexin, and cellular detoxification processes were triggered in the appropriate molecular steps and suggested that plant immune reactions may be activated also artificially, and innate immunity can be enhanced with proper plant biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincső Decsi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kutasy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Géza Hegedűs
- EduCoMat Ltd., Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Information Technology and Its Applications, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péter Alföldi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Campus Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences Georgikon, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Kálmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Budakalász, Hungary
| | - Eszter Virág
- EduCoMat Ltd., Keszthely, Hungary
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Budakalász, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhao L, Liao Z, Feng L, An B, He C, Wang Q, Luo H. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cg2LysM contributed to virulence toward rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129101. [PMID: 36876102 PMCID: PMC9982014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal chitin, as a typical microorganism-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), was recognized by plant LysM-containing protein to induce immunity called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). To successfully infect host plant, fungal pathogens secreted LysM-containing effectors to inhibit chitin-induced plant immunity. Filamentous fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused rubber tree anthracnose which resulted in serious loss of natural rubber production worldwide. However, little is known about the pathogenesis mediated by LysM effector of C. gloeosporioide. In this study, we identified a two LysM-containing effector in C. gloeosporioide and named as Cg2LysM. Cg2LysM was involved not only in conidiation, appressorium formation, invasion growth and the virulence to rubber tree, but also in melanin synthesis of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, Cg2LysM showed chitin-binding activity and suppression of chitin-triggered immunity of rubber tree such as ROS production and the expression of defense relative genes HbPR1, HbPR5, HbNPR1 and HbPAD4. This work suggested that Cg2LysM effector facilitate infection of C. gloeosporioides to rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Liping Feng
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bang An
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chaozu He
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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42
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Singh A. GIGANTEA regulates PAD4 transcription to promote pathogen defense against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2058719. [PMID: 35379074 PMCID: PMC8986176 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a network of complex signaling pathways that allow them to cope with the fluctuations of internal and external environmental cues. GIGANTEA (GI), a well-known, highly conserved plant nuclear protein, has been shown to regulate multiple biological functions in plants such as circadian rhythm, light signaling, cold tolerance, hormone signaling, and photoperiodic flowering. Recently, the role of GI in disease tolerance against different pathogens has come to light; however, a detailed mechanism to understand the role of GI in pathogen defense remains largely unexplained. Here, we report that GIGANTEA is upregulated upon infection with a virulent oomycete pathogen, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0. To investigate the role of GI in Arabidopsis defense, we examined the pathogen infection phenotype of gi mutant plants and found that gi-100 mutant was highly susceptible to Hpa Noco2 infection. Notably, the quantitative real-time PCR showed that PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) and several PAD4-regulated downstream genes were downregulated upon Noco2 infection in gi-100 mutant as compared to Col-0 plants. Furthermore, the chromatin immunoprecipitation results show that GI can directly bind to the intronic region of the PAD4 gene, which might explain the mechanism of GI function in regulating disease resistance in plants. Taken together, our results suggest that GI expression is induced upon Hpa pathogen infection and GI can regulate the expression of PAD4 to promote resistance against the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (Niser) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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43
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Ding LN, Li YT, Wu YZ, Li T, Geng R, Cao J, Zhang W, Tan XL. Plant Disease Resistance-Related Signaling Pathways: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416200. [PMID: 36555841 PMCID: PMC9785534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions induce a signal transmission series that stimulates the plant's host defense system against pathogens and this, in turn, leads to disease resistance responses. Plant innate immunity mainly includes two lines of the defense system, called pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). There is extensive signal exchange and recognition in the process of triggering the plant immune signaling network. Plant messenger signaling molecules, such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, and plant hormone signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, play key roles in inducing plant defense responses. In addition, heterotrimeric G proteins, the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in regulating disease resistance and the defense signal transduction network. This paper summarizes the status and progress in plant disease resistance and disease resistance signal transduction pathway research in recent years; discusses the complexities of, and interactions among, defense signal pathways; and forecasts future research prospects to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of plant diseases.
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Figueiredo J, Santos RB, Guerra-Guimarães L, Leclercq CC, Renaut J, Malhó R, Figueiredo A. An in-planta comparative study of Plasmopara viticola proteome reveals different infection strategies towards susceptible and Rpv3-mediated resistance hosts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20794. [PMID: 36456634 PMCID: PMC9715676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola, an obligate biotrophic oomycete, is the causal agent of one of the most harmful grapevine diseases, downy mildew. Within this pathosystem, much information is gathered on the host, as characterization of pathogenicity and infection strategy of a biotrophic pathogen is quite challenging. Molecular insights into P. viticola development and pathogenicity are just beginning to be uncovered, mainly by transcriptomic studies. Plasmopara viticola proteome and secretome were only predicted based on transcriptome data. In this study, we have identified the in-planta proteome of P. viticola during infection of a susceptible ('Trincadeira') and a Rpv3-mediated resistance ('Regent') grapevine cultivar. Four hundred and twenty P. viticola proteins were identified on a label-free mass spectrometry-based approach of the apoplastic fluid of grapevine leaves. Overall, our study suggests that, in the compatible interaction, P. viticola manipulates salicylic-acid pathway and isoprenoid biosynthesis to enhance plant colonization. Furthermore, during the incompatible interaction, development-associated proteins increased while oxidoreductases protect P. viticola from ROS-associated plant defence mechanism. Up to our knowledge this is the first in-planta proteome characterization of this biotrophic pathogen, thus this study will open new insights into our understanding of this pathogen colonization strategy of both susceptible and Rpv3-mediated resistance grapevine genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita B Santos
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- CIFC - Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens Do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Céline C Leclercq
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rui Malhó
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Plant Biology Department, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Baggs EL, Tiersma MB, Abramson BW, Michael TP, Krasileva KV. Characterization of defense responses against bacterial pathogens in duckweeds lacking EDS1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1838-1855. [PMID: 36052715 PMCID: PMC9828482 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) mediates the induction of defense responses against pathogens in most angiosperms. However, it has recently been shown that a few species have lost EDS1. It is unknown how defense against disease unfolds and evolves in the absence of EDS1. We utilize duckweeds; a collection of aquatic species that lack EDS1, to investigate this question. We established duckweed-Pseudomonas pathosystems and used growth curves and microscopy to characterize pathogen-induced responses. Through comparative genomics and transcriptomics, we show that the copy number of infection-associated genes and the infection-induced transcriptional responses of duckweeds differ from other model species. Pathogen defense in duckweeds has evolved along different trajectories than in other plants, including genomic and transcriptional reprogramming. Specifically, the miAMP1 domain-containing proteins, which are absent in Arabidopsis, showed pathogen responsive upregulation in duckweeds. Despite such divergence between Arabidopsis and duckweed species, we found conservation of upregulation of certain genes and the role of hormones in response to disease. Our work highlights the importance of expanding the pool of model species to study defense responses that have evolved in the plant kingdom independent of EDS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Baggs
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Meije B. Tiersma
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Brad W. Abramson
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Todd P. Michael
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Ksenia V. Krasileva
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
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46
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Son S, Park SR. Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032820. [PMID: 36523631 PMCID: PMC9745204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.
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Pérez-Zavala FG, Atriztán-Hernández K, Martínez-Irastorza P, Oropeza-Aburto A, López-Arredondo D, Herrera-Estrella L. Titanium nanoparticles activate a transcriptional response in Arabidopsis that enhances tolerance to low phosphate, osmotic stress and pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994523. [PMID: 36388557 PMCID: PMC9664069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is a ubiquitous element with a wide variety of beneficial effects in plants, including enhanced nutrient uptake and resistance to pathogens and abiotic stresses. While there is numerous evidence supporting the beneficial effects that Ti fertilization give to plants, there is little information on which genetic signaling pathways the Ti application activate in plant tissues. In this study, we utilize RNA-seq and ionomics technologies to unravel the molecular signals that Arabidopsis plants unleash when treated with Ti. RNA-seq analysis showed that Ti activates abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways and the expression of NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE-LEUCINE RICH REPEAT receptors likely by acting as a chemical priming molecule. This activation results in enhanced resistance to drought, high salinity, and infection with Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. Ti also grants an enhanced nutritional state, even at suboptimal phosphate concentrations by upregulating the expression of multiple nutrient and membrane transporters and by modifying or increasing the production root exudates. Our results suggest that Ti might act similarly to the beneficial element Silicon in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Atriztán-Hernández
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Paulina Martínez-Irastorza
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Araceli Oropeza-Aburto
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Damar López-Arredondo
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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48
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Ramírez-Zavaleta CY, García-Barrera LJ, Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Arrieta-Flores D, Gregorio-Jorge J. An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12974. [PMID: 36361764 PMCID: PMC9654257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are plant immune proteins that trigger an orchestrated downstream signaling in response to molecules of microbial origin or host plant origin. Historically, PRRs have been associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs have been involved with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, recent studies reveal that such binary distinction is far from being applicable to the real world. Although the perception of plant pathogens and the final mounting response are achieved by different means, central hubs involved in signaling are shared between PTI and ETI, blurring the zig-zag model of plant immunity. In this review, we not only summarize our current understanding of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunities in plants, but also highlight those signaling components that are evolutionarily conserved across the plant kingdom. Altogether, we attempt to offer an overview of how plants mediate and integrate the induction of the defense responses that comprise PTI and ETI, emphasizing the need for more evolutionary molecular plant-microbe interactions (EvoMPMI) studies that will pave the way to a better understanding of the emergence of the core molecular machinery involved in the so-called evolutionary arms race between plants and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
| | - Laura Jeannette García-Barrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas, Veracruzanas No. 101, Xalapa 91090, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km.1.5, Santa Inés-Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla 90700, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Arrieta-Flores
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología—Comisión Nacional del Agua, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
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49
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Song N, Lin J, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu D, Chu W, Li J, Chen Y, Chang S, Yang Q, Liu X, Guo W, Xin M, Yao Y, Peng H, Ni Z, Xie C, Sun Q, Hu Z. Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 interacts with TaPLATZ5 to activate TaPAD4 expression and positively contributes to powdery mildew resistance in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:590-607. [PMID: 35832009 PMCID: PMC9795918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a two-branched innate immune system to detect and cope with pathogen attack, which are initiated by cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. A core transducer including PAD4-EDS1 node is proposed as the convergence point for a two-tiered immune system in conferring pathogen immunity. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of these key transducers remain largely unknown. Here, we identified histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 as a positive regulator of powdery mildew resistance in wheat. TaHAG1 regulates expression of key transducer gene TaPAD4 and promotes SA and reactive oxygen species accumulation to accomplish resistance to Bgt infection. Moreover, overexpression and CRISPR-mediated knockout of TaPAD4 validate its role in wheat powdery mildew resistance. Furthermore, TaHAG1 physically interacts with TaPLATZ5, a plant-specific zinc-binding protein. TaPLATZ5 directly binds to promoter of TaPAD4 and together with TaHAG1 to potentiate the expression of TaPAD4 by increasing the levels of H3 acetylation. Our study revealed a key transcription regulatory node in which TaHAG1 acts as an epigenetic modulator and interacts with TaPLATZ5 that confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat through activating a convergence point gene between PTI and ETI, which could be effective for genetic improvement of disease resistance in wheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingchen Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Debiao Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Wei Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Shumin Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qun Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding/State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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50
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Chen J, Zhang X, Rathjen JP, Dodds PN. Direct recognition of pathogen effectors by plant NLR immune receptors and downstream signalling. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:471-483. [PMID: 35731245 PMCID: PMC9528080 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants deploy extracellular and intracellular immune receptors to sense and restrict pathogen attacks. Rapidly evolving pathogen effectors play crucial roles in suppressing plant immunity but are also monitored by intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs), leading to effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we review how NLRs recognize effectors with a focus on direct interactions and summarize recent research findings on the signalling functions of NLRs. Coiled-coil (CC)-type NLR proteins execute immune responses by oligomerizing to form membrane-penetrating ion channels after effector recognition. Some CC-NLRs function in sensor-helper networks with the sensor NLR triggering oligomerization of the helper NLR. Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-type NLR proteins possess catalytic activities that are activated upon effector recognition-induced oligomerization. Small molecules produced by TIR activity are detected by additional signalling partners of the EDS1 lipase-like family (enhanced disease susceptibility 1), leading to activation of helper NLRs that trigger the defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - John P Rathjen
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Peter N Dodds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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