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De Oliveira VH, Mazzafera P, Faleiro R, Mayer JLS, Hesterberg D, Pérez CA, Andrade SAL. Tissue-level distribution and speciation of foliar manganese in Eucalyptus tereticornis by µ-SXRF and µ-XANES shed light on its detoxification mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132555. [PMID: 37769448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the speciation and spatial distribution patterns of manganese (Mn) accumulated at elevated concentrations in Eucalyptus leaves by X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and absorption near-edge spectroscopy (µ-XANES). Eucalyptus tereticornis is a tree species with great economic value and potential to accumulate and tolerate high Mn despite not being considered a hyperaccumulator. Seedlings grown under glasshouse conditions were irrigated with two Mn treatments: control Mn (9 µM) and high Mn solution (1000 µM). Biomass and total nutrient concentrations were assessed in roots, stems and leaves. Manganese, calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) spatial patterns were imaged by µ-SXRF in different foliar structures, and Mn speciation was conducted in these compartments by µ-XANES. Under high supply, Mn was distributed across the leaf mesophyll suggesting vacuolar sequestration in these cells. High Mn decreased cytosolic Ca by almost 50% in mesophyll cells, but K remained unaltered. Speciation suggests that a majority of the Mn fraction was complexed by organic ligands modeled as Mn-bound malate and citrate, instead of as free aqueous Mn2+ or oxidised forms. These two detoxification mechanisms: effective vacuolar sequestration and organic acid complexation, may be responsible for the impressively high Mn tolerance found in eucalypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius H De Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Faleiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Pérez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sara Adrián L Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
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Liu S, Xiao Y, Bai C, Liu H, Su X, Jin P, Xu H, Cao L, Yao L. The physiological and biochemical responses to dark pericarp disease induced by excess manganese in litchi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108269. [PMID: 38096732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Dark pericarp disease (DPD), a physiological disorder induced by excess Manganese (Mn) in litchi, severely impacts the appearance and its economic value. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of DPD, this study investigated the variations of phenolic compound, antioxidant defense system, subcellular structure, and transcriptome profiles in both normal fruit and dark pericarp fruit (DPF) at three developmental stages (green, turning, and maturity) of 'Guiwei' litchi. The results reveal that excess Mn in DPF pericarp resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, especially H2O2, and subsequent alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities. Notably, SOD (EC 1.15.1.1) activity at the green stage, along with POD (EC 1.11.1.7) and APX (EC 1.11.1.11) activities at the turning and the maturity stages, and GST (EC 2.5.1.18) activity during fruit development, were markedly higher in DPF. Cell injury was observed in pericarp, facilitating the formation of dark materials in DPF. Transcriptome profiling further reveals that genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis were up-regulated during the green stage but down-regulated during the turning and maturity stages. In contrast, PAL (EC 4.3.1.24), C4H (EC 1.14.14.91), 4CL (EC 6.2.1.12), CAD (EC 1.1.1.195), and particularly POD, were up-regulated, leading to reduced flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation and increased lignin content in DPF pericarp. The above suggests that the antioxidant system and phenolic metabolism jointly resisted the oxidative stress induced by Mn stress. We speculate that phenols, terpenes, or their complexes might be the substrates of the dark substances in DPF pericarp, but more investigations are needed to identify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youping Xiao
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuihua Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuexia Su
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Laixin Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lixian Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Zheng HX, Yang YL, Liu WS, Zhong Y, Cao Y, Qiu RL, Liu C, van der Ent A, Hodson MJ, Tang YT. Rare earth elements detoxification mechanism in the hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis: [silicon-pectin] matrix fixation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131254. [PMID: 36965356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dicranopteris linearis is the best-known hyperaccumulator species of rare earth elements (REEs) and silicon (Si), capable of dealing with toxic level of REEs. Hence, this study aimed to clarify how D. linearis leaves cope with excessive REE stress, and whether Si plays a role in REE detoxification. The results show that lanthanum (La - as a representative of the REEs) stress led to decreased biomass and an increase of metabolism related to leaf cell wall synthesis and modification. However, the La stress-induced responses, especially the increase of pectin-related gene expression level, pectin polysaccharides concentration, and methylesterase activity, could be mitigated by Si supply. Approximately 70% of the Si in D. linearis leaves interacted with the cell walls to form organosilicon Si-O-C linkages. The Si-modified cell walls contained more hydroxyl groups, leading to a more efficient REE retention compared to the Si-free ones. Moreover, this [Si-cell wall] matrix increased the pectin-La accumulation capacity by 64%, with no effect on hemicellulose-La and cellulose-La accumulation capacity. These results suggest that [Si-pectin] matrix fixation is key in REE detoxification in D. linearis, laying the foundation for the development of phytotechnological applications (e.g., REE phytomining) using this species in REE-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands; Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, France; Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin J Hodson
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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4
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Li C, Mo Y, Wang N, Xing L, Qu Y, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Ali A, Qi J, Fernández V, Wang Y, Kopittke PM. The overlooked functions of trichomes: Water absorption and metal detoxication. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:669-687. [PMID: 36581782 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths on plant shoots. Their roles in protecting plants against herbivores and in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites have long been recognized. Recently, studies are increasingly showing that trichomes also play important roles in water absorption and metal detoxication, with these roles having important implications for ecology, the environment, and agriculture. However, these two functions of trichomes have been largely overlooked and much remains unknown. In this review, we show that the trichomes of 37 plant species belonging to 14 plant families are involved in water absorption, while the trichomes of 33 species from 13 families are capable of sequestering metals within their trichomes. The ability of trichomes to absorb water results from their decreased hydrophobicity compared to the remainder of the leaf surface as well as the presence of special structures for collecting and absorbing water. In contrast, the metal detoxication function of trichomes results not only from the good connection of their basal cells to the underlying vascular tissues, but also from the presence of metal-chelating ligands and transporters within the trichomes themselves. Knowledge gaps and critical future research questions regarding these two trichome functions are highlighted. This review improves our understanding on trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingying Mo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nina Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longyi Xing
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Victoria Fernández
- School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Li J, Pan J, Najeeb U, El-Beltagi HS, Huang Q, Lu H, Xu L, Shi B, Zhou W. Promotive Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid or Salicylic Acid Combined with Citric Acid on Sunflower Growth by Regulating Manganese Absorption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030580. [PMID: 36978828 PMCID: PMC10045730 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient in most organisms. Establishing an effective regulatory system of Mn absorption is important for sustainable crop development. In this study, we selected sunflower as the model plant to explore the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or salicylic acid (SA) combined with citric acid (CA) on Mn absorption. Six-leaf-old sunflower plants were exposed to 0.8 g kg−1 Mn for one week and then treated with chelating agents, i.e., CA (10 mmol kg−1), and different concentrations of ALA and SA for one week. The results showed that Mn-treated plants had significantly increased H2O2, O2− and MDA contents in leaves compared with the control. Under the Mn + CA treatment, ALA or SA2 significantly activated the antioxidant defense system by increasing SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves. Moreover, the application of CA significantly increased the Mn uptake in sunflower roots compared with Mn treatment alone; however, did not accelerate the translocation efficiency of Mn from sunflower roots to shoots. Moreover, ultrastructural and RT-qPCR results further demonstrated that ALA/SA could recover the adverse impact of excessive Mn accumulation in sunflowers. Like a pump, ALA/SA regulated the translocation efficiency and promoted the transportation of Mn from roots to shoots. This study provides insights into the promotive role of ALA/SA combined with CA on sunflower growth by regulating Mn absorption, which would be beneficial for regulating Mn absorption in soil with an Mn deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huaijian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bixian Shi
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
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6
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Hou X, Hu X. Self-Assembled Nanoscale Manganese Oxides Enhance Carbon Capture by Diatoms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17215-17226. [PMID: 36375171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous CO2 emissions from human activities increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations and affect global climate change. The carbon storage capacity of the ocean is 20-fold higher than that of the land, and diatoms contribute to approximately 40% of carbon capture in the ocean. Manganese (Mn) is a major driver of marine phytoplankton growth and the marine carbon pump. Here, we discovered self-assembled manganese oxides (MnOx) for CO2 fixation in a diatom-based biohybrid system. MnOx shared key features (e.g., di-μ-oxo-bridged Mn-Mn) with the Mn4CaO5 cluster of the biological catalyst in photosystem II and promoted photosynthesis and carbon capture by diatoms/MnOx. The CO2 capture capacity of diatoms/MnOx was 1.5-fold higher than that of diatoms alone. Diatoms/MnOx easily allocated carbon into proteins and lipids instead of carbohydrates. Metabolomics showed that the contents of several metabolites (e.g., lysine and inositol) were positively associated with increased CO2 capture. Diatoms/MnOx upregulated six genes encoding photosynthesis core proteins and a key rate-limiting enzyme (Rubisco, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham carbon assimilation cycle, revealing the link between MnOx and photosynthesis. These findings provide a route for offsetting anthropogenic CO2 emissions and inspiration for self-assembled biohybrid systems for carbon capture by marine phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
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Olt P, Alejandro-Martinez S, Fermum J, Ramos E, Peiter E, Ludewig U. The vacuolar transporter LaMTP8.1 detoxifies manganese in leaves of Lupinus albus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13807. [PMID: 36270730 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement, but overaccumulation is harmful to many plant species. Most plants have similar minimal Mn requirements, but the tolerance to elevated Mn varies considerably. Mobilization of phosphate (P) by plant roots leads to increased Mn uptake, and shoot Mn levels have been reported to serve as an indicator for P mobilization efficiency in the presence of P deficiency. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) mobilizes P and Mn with outstanding efficiency due to the formation of determinate cluster roots that release carboxylates. The high Mn tolerance of L. albus goes along with shoot Mn accumulation, but the molecular basis of this detoxification mechanism has been unknown. In this study, we identify LaMTP8.1 as the transporter mediating vacuolar sequestration of Mn in the shoot of white lupin. The function of Mn transport was demonstrated by yeast complementation analysis, in which LaMTP8.1 detoxified Mn in pmr1∆ mutant cells upon elevated Mn supply. In addition, LaMTP8.1 also functioned as an iron (Fe) transporter in yeast assays. The expression of LaMTP8.1 was particularly high in old leaves under high Mn stress. However, low P availability per se did not result in transcriptional upregulation of LaMTP8.1. Moreover, LaMTP8.1 expression was strongly upregulated under Fe deficiency, where it was accompanied by Mn accumulation, indicating a role in the interaction of these micronutrients in L. albus. In conclusion, the tonoplast-localized Mn transporter LaMTP8.1 mediates Mn detoxification in leaf vacuoles, providing a mechanistic explanation for the high Mn accumulation and Mn tolerance in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Olt
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Santiago Alejandro-Martinez
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Johann Fermum
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Edith Ramos
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Extraradical Mycelium Promotes Si and Mn Subcellular Redistribution in Wheat Grown under Mn Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al) toxicities are serious edaphic limitations to crop production in acidic soils. Excess Mn can be countered using a stress-adapted soil microbiota that establish symbiotic relationships with native plants. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Lolium rigidum L. develop extraradical mycelia (ERM) that quickly colonize wheat and lead to greater shoot growth by promoting stress-evading mechanisms that are not yet completely explained. In the present study, wheat growth was assessed after 3 weeks on disturbed and undisturbed (intact ERM) acidic soil where the native non-mycotrophic Silene gallica L. or strongly mycotrophic L. rigidum were previously developed. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms responsible for increased growth were analyzed by assessing wheat leaf chlorophyll content, photosystem II quantum yield and performance index, enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and contents and subcellular localization of Mn, Mg, Si and K. The soil from native plants had a beneficial effect on shoot weight and chlorophyll levels. The highest benefits were obtained for wheat grown in soil with intact ERM associated with L. rigidum. In this condition, where earlier mycorrhization was favored, the Mn content decreased, alongside the content of Si, while the Mg/Mn ratio increased. Mn was redirected to the apoplast, while Si was redirected to the symplast. The activity of APX, GPX and SOD increased, probably due to increased metabolic growth (higher shoot weight and chlorophyll content). Understanding the mechanisms induced by native AMF responsible for increasing wheat performance can contribute to the establishment of sustainable approaches for crop production in acidic soils with Mn toxicity. The use of native plant AMF developers can improve the sustainable use of natural resources in the scope of greener agricultural practices.
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Khoshravesh R, Hoffmann N, Hanson DT. Leaf microscopy applications in photosynthesis research: identifying the gaps. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1868-1893. [PMID: 34986250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf imaging via microscopy has provided critical insights into research on photosynthesis at multiple junctures, from the early understanding of the role of stomata, through elucidating C4 photosynthesis via Kranz anatomy and chloroplast arrangement in single cells, to detailed explorations of diffusion pathways and light utilization gradients within leaves. In recent decades, the original two-dimensional (2D) explorations have begun to be visualized in three-dimensional (3D) space, revising our understanding of structure-function relationships between internal leaf anatomy and photosynthesis. In particular, advancing new technologies and analyses are providing fresh insight into the relationship between leaf cellular components and improving the ability to model net carbon fixation, water use efficiency, and metabolite turnover rate in leaves. While ground-breaking developments in imaging tools and techniques have expanded our knowledge of leaf 3D structure via high-resolution 3D and time-series images, there is a growing need for more in vivo imaging as well as metabolite imaging. However, these advances necessitate further improvement in microscopy sciences to overcome the unique challenges a green leaf poses. In this review, we discuss the available tools, techniques, challenges, and gaps for efficient in vivo leaf 3D imaging, as well as innovations to overcome these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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10
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Gao PP, Zhang XM, Xue PY, Dong JW, Dong Y, Zhao QL, Geng LP, Lu Y, Zhao JJ, Liu WJ. Mechanism of Pb accumulation in Chinese cabbage leaves: Stomata and trichomes regulate foliar uptake of Pb in atmospheric PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118585. [PMID: 34848290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most popular and frequently consumed leafy vegetables. It was found that atmospheric PM2.5-Pb contributes to Pb accumulation in the edible leaves of Chinese cabbage via stomata in North China during haze seasons with high concentrations of fine particulate matter in autumn and winter. However, it is unclear whether both stomata and trichomes co-regulate foliar transfer of PM2.5-Pb from atmospheric deposition to the leaf of Chinese cabbage genotypes with trichomes. Field and hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar uptake of PM2.5-Pb on Pb accumulation in leaves using two genotypes of Chinese cabbage, one without trichomes and one with trichomes. It was verified that open stoma is a prominent pathway of foliar PM2.5-Pb transfer in the short-term exposure for 6 h, contributing 74.5% of Pb accumulation in leaves, whereas Pb concentrations in the leaves of with-trichome genotype in the rosette stage were 6.52- and 1.04-fold higher than that of without-trichome genotype in greenhouse and open field, respectively, which suggests that stomata and trichomes co-regulate foliar Pb uptake of from atmospheric PM2.5. Moreover, subcellular Pb in the leaves was distributed in the following order of cytoplasm (53.8%) > cell wall (38.5%)> organelle (7.8%), as confirmed through high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). The Leadmium™ Green AM dye manifested that Pb in PM2.5 entered cellular space of trichomes and accumulated in the basal compartment, enhancing foliar Pb uptake in the edible leaves of cabbage. The results of these experiments are evidence that both stomata and trichomes are important pathways in the regulation of foliar Pb uptake and translocation in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Pei-Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jun-Wen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Quan-Li Zhao
- The Teaching and Experimental Station, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Li-Ping Geng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wen-Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, Hebei, Baoding, 071000, China.
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11
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de Tombeur F, Cornelis JT, Lambers H. Silicon mobilisation by root-released carboxylates. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1116-1125. [PMID: 34315662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous strategies to acquire poorly available nutrients from soil, including the release of carboxylates from their roots. Silicon (Si) release from mineral dissolution increases in the presence of chelating substances, and recent evidence shows that leaf [Si] increases markedly in old phosphorus (P)-depleted soils, where many species exhibit carboxylate-releasing strategies, compared with younger P-richer soils. Here, we propose that root-released carboxylates, and more generally rhizosphere processes, play an overlooked role in plant Si accumulation by increasing soil Si mobilisation from minerals. We suggest that Si mobilisation is costly in terms of carbon but becomes cheaper if those costs are already met to acquire poorly available P. Uptake of the mobilised Si by roots will then depend on whether they express Si transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Tombeur
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Thomas Cornelis
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia.
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12
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Francischini DS, Arruda MA. When a picture is worth a thousand words: Molecular and elemental imaging applied to environmental analysis – A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Shi M, Wang X, Wang H, Guo Z, Wang R, Hui X, Wang S, Kopittke PM, Wang Z. High phosphorus fertilization changes the speciation and distribution of manganese in wheat grains grown in a calcareous soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147608. [PMID: 34000558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiological disorders in humans resulting from the excess dietary intake of manganese (Mn) via whole-grain food has attracted considerable attention. However, the speciation and bioavailability of Mn in wheat grains and their response to different phosphorus (P) fertilization rates are still unclear. In the current study, using a long-term field trial with P application rates of 0, 21.8, 43.6, 65.5 and 87.3 kg/ha, we examined changes in the concentration, distribution, and speciation of Mn of wheat grains using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The total Mn concentration in grains was found to be increased by phosphorus fertilization, especially in embryo in the form of Mn(II), but this phosphorus fertilization also decreased Mn concentrations in the nucellar projection. In this study, the speciation of Mn in different wheat grain tissues was examined, and results indicate that in calcareous soils, high rates of P fertilizers can increase Mn concentrations in wheat grain, including Mn which is likely to be of high bioavailability, and thus may increase the risk for human to expose to high Mn intake via whole-grain food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingshu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zikang Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runze Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Hui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Pavlovic J, Kostic L, Bosnic P, Kirkby EA, Nikolic M. Interactions of Silicon With Essential and Beneficial Elements in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697592. [PMID: 34249069 PMCID: PMC8261142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is not classified as an essential element for plants, but numerous studies have demonstrated its beneficial effects in a variety of species and environmental conditions, including low nutrient availability. Application of Si shows the potential to increase nutrient availability in the rhizosphere and root uptake through complex mechanisms, which still remain unclear. Silicon-mediated transcriptional regulation of element transporters for both root acquisition and tissue homeostasis has recently been suggested as an important strategy, varying in detail depending on plant species and nutritional status. Here, we summarize evidence of Si-mediated acquisition, uptake and translocation of nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), and nickel (Ni) under both deficiency and excess conditions. In addition, we discuss interactions of Si-with beneficial elements: aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), and selenium (Se). This review also highlights further research needed to improve understanding of Si-mediated acquisition and utilization of nutrients and vice versa nutrient status-mediated Si acquisition and transport, both processes which are of high importance for agronomic practice (e.g., reduced use of fertilizers and pesticides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pavlovic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Kostic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Bosnic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ernest A. Kirkby
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Weng N, Guagliardo P, Jiang H, Wang WX. NanoSIMS Imaging of Bioaccumulation and Subcellular Distribution of Manganese During Oyster Gametogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8223-8235. [PMID: 34032398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many bivalve mollusks display remarkable sex differentiation of gonadal accumulation of manganese (Mn), but the underlying processes responsible for such differences have seldom been explored. In this study, the accumulation of Mn in male and female gonads during the reproductive cycle of oysters was first examined, and the distributions of Mn in oocytes and sperm cells at different developmental stages were imaged by the nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) at the subcellular level. We found that the distribution and accumulation of Mn during oogenesis were closely associated with the formation and translocation of cortical granules. This is the first time that the enrichment of Mn was directly visualized in cortical granules, which was identified as the major storage site of Mn in oocytes of oysters. Yolk granules were revealed as another storage pool of Mn in oyster oocytes with lower accumulation. In contrast, Mn was mainly distributed in the nucleus of sperm cells with accumulation levels much lower than those in cortical and yolk granules of oocytes. These results demonstrated great differences of the subcellular localization and accumulation capacity of Mn between oocytes and sperm cells in oysters, implying the sex differentiation in susceptibility of reproductive response to Mn stress. Our study also highlights the importance of gender difference in future biomonitoring and ecotoxicological studies of Mn in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Vance W, Pradeep K, Strachan SR, Diffey S, Bell RW. Novel Sources of Tolerance to Aluminium Toxicity in Wild Cicer ( Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) Collections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678211. [PMID: 34249045 PMCID: PMC8269930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In acid soils, the toxic form of aluminium, Al3+, significantly inhibits root growth and elongation, leading to less water and nutrient uptake. Previous research had shown differential Al toxicity tolerance among cultivated Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea); however, the potential for developing tolerant cultivars is limited by the narrow genetic diversity of cultivated chickpeas. Recent collections from Turkey of wild Cicer species, Cicer reticulatum, and Cicer echinospermum, have increased the available gene pool significantly, but there has been no large-scale screening of wild Cicer for acid tolerance or Al3+ toxicity tolerance. This study evaluated 167 wild Cicer and 17 Australian chickpea cultivars in a series of screenings under controlled growth conditions. The pH of 4.2 and Al concentrations of 15 and 60 μM Al were selected for large-scale screening based on dose response experiments in a low ionic strength nutrient solution. The change in root length showed better discrimination between tolerant and sensitive lines when compared with shoot and root dry weights and was used as a selection criterion. In a large-scale screening, 13 wild Cicer reticulatum accessions had a higher root tolerance index (≥50%), and eight had higher relative change in root length (≥40%) compared with PBA Monarch, which showed greater tolerance among the Australian domestic cultivars screened. In general, C. reticulatum species were found to be more tolerant than C. echinospermum, while genetic population groups Ret_5, Ret_6, and Ret_7 from Diyarbakir and Mardin Province were more tolerant than other groups. Among C. echinospermum, Ech_6 from the Siv-Diyar collection site of the Urfa Province showed better tolerance than other groups. In this first detailed screening of aluminium toxicity tolerance in the new wild Cicer collections, we identified accessions that were more tolerant than current domestic cultivars, providing promising germplasm for breeding programs to expand chickpea adaptation to acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vance
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Wendy Vance
| | - Karthika Pradeep
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott R. Strachan
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Richard W. Bell
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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17
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Vaculík M, Lukačová Z, Bokor B, Martinka M, Tripathi DK, Lux A. Alleviation mechanisms of metal(loid) stress in plants by silicon: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6744-6757. [PMID: 32569367 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), although not considered as an essential element for plants in general, can ameliorate the phytotoxicity induced by excess metal(loid)s whether non-essential (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Al, As, and Sb) or essential (e.g. Cu, Ni, and Zn). The Si-enhanced resistance allowing plants to cope with this type of abiotic stress has been developed at multiple levels in plants. Restriction of root uptake and immobilization of metal(loid)s in the rhizosphere by Si is probably one of the first defence mechanism. Further, retention of elements in the root apoplasm might enhance the resistance and vigour of plants. At the cellular level, the formation of insoluble complexes between Si and metal(loid)s and their storage within cell walls help plants to decrease available element concentration and restrict symplasmic uptake. Moreover, Si influences the oxidative status of plants by modifying the activity of various antioxidants, improves membrane stability, and acts on gene expression, although its exact role in these processes is still not well understood. This review focuses on all currently known plant-based mechanisms related to Si supply and involved in amelioration of stress caused by excess metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovicova 8, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sect 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Freeman DM, O'Neal R, Zhang Q, Bouwer EJ, Wang Z. Manganese-induced Parkinsonism in mice is reduced using a novel contaminated water sediment exposure model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:103399. [PMID: 32380377 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals enter the aquatic environment and accumulate within water sediments, but these metal-sediment interactions remain to be explored within toxicity studies. We developed an exposure model in mice that encapsulates the aquatic microenvironment of metals before exposure. Male and female C57/BL6 mice were exposed via their drinking water to manganese contaminated sediment (Sed_Mn) or to manganese without sediment interaction (Mn) for six weeks. Sediment interaction did not alter weekly manganese ingestion from water in males or females. We analyzed motor impairment, a common feature in manganese-induced Parkinsonism, using the beam traversal, cylinder, and accelerating rotarod tests. Sed_Mn mice performed better overall compared to Mn mice and males were more sensitive to manganese than females in both Sed_Mn and Mn treatment groups. Our study indicates that metal-sediment interactions may alter metal toxicity in mammals and introduces a new exposure model to test the toxicity of metal contaminants of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel O'Neal
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward J Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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van der Ent A, Casey LW, Blamey FPC, Kopittke PM. Time-resolved laboratory micro-X-ray fluorescence reveals silicon distribution in relation to manganese toxicity in soybean and sunflower. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:331-341. [PMID: 32337539 PMCID: PMC7380460 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) is a powerful technique to quantify the distribution of elements in physically large intact samples, including live plants, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, analysis of light elements with atomic number (Z) less than that of phosphorus is challenging due to the need for a vacuum, which of course is not compatible with live plant material, or the availability of a helium environment. METHOD A new laboratory µ-XRF instrument was used to examine the effects of silicon (Si) on the manganese (Mn) status of soybean (Glycine max) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) grown at elevated Mn in solution. The use of a helium environment allowed for highly sensitive detection of both Si and Mn to determine their distribution. KEY RESULTS The µ-XRF analysis revealed that when Si was added to the nutrient solution, the Si also accumulated in the base of the trichomes, being co-located with the Mn and reducing the darkening of the trichomes. The addition of Si did not reduce the concentrations of Mn in accumulations despite seeming to reduce its adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The ability to gain information on the dynamics of the metallome or ionome within living plants or excised hydrated tissues can offer valuable insights into their ecophysiology, and laboratory µ-XRF is likely to become available to more plant scientists for use in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lachlan W Casey
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Pax C Blamey
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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van der Ent A, Kopittke PM, Paterson DJ, Casey LW, Nkrumah PN. Distribution of aluminium in hydrated leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) using synchrotron- and laboratory-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Metallomics 2020; 12:1062-1069. [PMID: 32266879 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is highly toxic to plant growth, with soluble concentrations being elevated in the ∼40% of arable soils worldwide that are acidic. Determining the distribution of Al in plant tissues is important for understanding the mechanisms by which it is toxic and how some plants tolerate high concentrations. Synchrotron- and laboratory-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is a powerful technique to quantitatively analyse the distribution of elements, including in hydrated and living plants. However, analysis of light elements (z < phosphorus) is extremely challenging due to signal losses in air, and the unsuitability of vacuum environments for (fresh) hydrated plant tissues. This study uses XFM in a helium environment to avoid Al signal loss to reveal the distribution of Al in hydrated plant tissues of Tea (Camellia sinensis). The results show that Al occurs in localised areas across the foliar surface, whereas in cross-sections Al is almost exclusively concentrated in the apoplastic space above and in between adaxial epidermal cells. This distribution of Al is related to the Al tolerance of this species, and accumulation of phytotoxic elements in the apoplastic space, away from sensitive processes such as photosynthesis in the palisade mesophyll cells, is a common tolerance mechanism reported in many different plant species. This study develops an XFM method on both synchrotron and laboratory sources that overcomes the drawbacks of existing analytical techniques, permitting measurement of light elements down to Al in (fresh) hydrated plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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21
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Faria JMS, Teixeira DM, Pinto AP, Brito I, Barrulas P, Alho L, Carvalho M. Toxic levels of manganese in an acidic Cambisol alters antioxidant enzymes activity, element uptake and subcellular distribution in Triticum aestivum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110355. [PMID: 32120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Montado system, in Portuguese Alentejo region, some Eutric Cambisols are known to promote manganese (Mn) toxicity in wheat. Variation on bioavailable Mn concentration depends on soil acidity, which can be increased by natural events (e.g. waterlogging) or human activity (e.g. excess use of chemical fertilizers). The effect of increasing soil Mn on crop element uptake, element distribution and oxidative stress was evaluated on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants were grown for 3 weeks in an acidic Cambisol spiked with increasing Mn concentrations (0, 45.2 and 90.4 mg MnCl2/Kg soil). Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and Mn were quantified in the soil solution, root and shoot tissues and respective subcellular fractions. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in extracts of wheat shoots and roots. Overall, increase in soil bioavailable Mn inhibited the uptake of other elements, increased the Ca proportion in the root apoplast, promoted the translocation of Mn and P to shoot tissues and increased their proportion in the shoot vacuoles. Wheat roots showed greater antioxidant enzymes activities than shoots. These activities decreased at the highest soil Mn concentration in both plant parts. Wheat roots appear to be more sensitive to oxidative stress derived from excess soil Mn and promote Mn translocation and storage in shoot vacuoles, probably in Mn and P complexes, as a detoxification strategy. Improvement in wheat production, in acidic soils, may rely on the enhancement of its Mn detoxification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M S Faria
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Dora Martins Teixeira
- HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Brito
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Barrulas
- HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Luís Alho
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Mário Carvalho
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Évora University, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School of Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho nº59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
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22
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Liu WS, van der Ent A, Erskine PD, Morel JL, Echevarria G, Spiers KM, Montargès-Pelletier E, Qiu RL, Tang YT. Spatially Resolved Localization of Lanthanum and Cerium in the Rare Earth Element Hyperaccumulator Fern Dicranopteris linearis from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2287-2294. [PMID: 31951400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fern Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae) from China is a hyperaccumulator of rare earth element (REE), but little is known about the ecophysiology of REE in this species. This study aimed to clarify tissue-level and organ-level distribution of REEs via synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that REEs (La + Ce) are mainly colocalized with Mn in the pinnae and pinnules, with the highest concentrations in necrotic lesions and lower concentrations in veins. In the cross sections of the pinnules, midveins, rachis, and stolons, La + Ce and Mn are enriched in the epidermis, vascular bundles, and pericycle (midvein). In these tissues, Mn is localized mainly in the cortex and mesophyll. We hypothesize that the movement of REEs in the transpiration flow in the veins is initially restricted in the veins by the pericycle between vascular bundle and cortex, while excess REEs are transported by evaporation and cocompartmentalized with Mn in the necrotic lesions and epidermis in an immobile form, possibly a Si-coprecipitate. The results presented here provide insights on how D. linearis regulates high concentrations of REEs in vivo, and this knowledge is useful for developing phytotechnological applications (such as REE agromining) using this fern in REE-contaminated sites in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement , Nancy 54000 , France
| | - Peter D Erskine
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement , Nancy 54000 , France
| | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement , Nancy 54000 , France
| | - Kathryn M Spiers
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Hamburg 22607 , Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier
- CNRS-Université de Lorraine Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux , Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500 , France
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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Pradeep K, Bell RW, Vance W. Variation of Cicer Germplasm to Manganese Toxicity Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588065. [PMID: 33329649 PMCID: PMC7733998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
After aluminum, manganese toxicity is the most limiting factor for crops grown in acidic soils worldwide. But overall, research on Mn toxicity is still limited. The poor acid tolerance of chickpea may be related to Mn toxicity, but there has been no previous screening of chickpea germplasm (nor in its wild Cicer relatives, Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) for tolerance to Mn toxicity. A screening technique was developed for tolerance to Mn toxicity using three released cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), Ambar, PBA HatTrick, and PBA Striker; one accession each of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum; and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) as a Mn-tolerant check, with eight Mn concentrations of 2, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 500 μM Mn as MnSO4 in a low-ionic-strength nutrient solution. The plants were harvested at 14 and 28 days after Mn treatments. The nutrient uptake in shoots (young, old leaves, and the rest of the shoot) and roots was investigated. The best discrimination between tolerant and intolerant Cicer genotypes based on relative shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total root length, and scoring of toxicity symptoms was achieved at 150 μM Mn after 14 days of growth in Mn solution. Among the chickpea cultivars, the greater relative plant growth (both shoot and root) of Ambar and PBA Striker at 100-200 μM Mn contrasted with that of PBA HatTrick, while the C. echinospermum accession was more tolerant to Mn toxicity than C. reticulatum. Manganese tolerance in both domestic cultivars and wild accessions was associated with internal tolerance to excess Mn following greater uptake of Mn and translocation of Mn from roots to shoots.
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Blamey FPC, Li C, Howard DL, Cheng M, Tang C, Scheckel KG, Noerpel MR, Wang P, Menzies NW, Kopittke PM. Evaluating effects of iron on manganese toxicity in soybean and sunflower using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Metallomics 2019; 11:2097-2110. [PMID: 31681916 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
With similar chemistry, Mn and Fe interact in their many essential roles in plants but the magnitude and mechanisms involved of these interactions are poorly understood. Leaves of soybean (a Mn-sensitive species) developed a mild chlorosis and small dark spots and distorted trifoliate leaves with 30 μM Mn and 0.6 μM Fe in nutrient solution (pH 5.6; 3 mM ionic strength). At 0.6 μM Fe, lower alternate leaves of sunflower (a Mn-tolerant species) were chlorotic at 30 μM Mn and had a pale chlorosis and necrosis at 400 μM Mn. A concentration of 30 and 300 μM Fe in solution alleviated these typical symptoms of Mn toxicity and decreased the concentration of Mn from >3000 to ca. 800 mg kg-1 dry mass (DM) in all leaf tissues. As expected, increased Fe supply increased Fe in leaves from <100 up to 1350 mg Fe kg-1 DM. In situ synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy showed that increased Fe supply caused an overall decrease in Mn in the leaf tissue but had little effect on the pattern of its distribution. Similarly, X-ray absorption spectroscopy identified only slight effects of Fe supply on Mn speciation in leaf tissues. Thus, the results of this study indicate that increased Fe supply ameliorated Mn toxicity in soybean and sunflower largely through decreased Mn uptake and translocation to leaf tissues rather than through changes in Mn distribution or speciation within the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pax C Blamey
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Machado BA, Gomes MHF, Marques JPR, Otto R, de Carvalho HWP. X-ray Spectroscopy Fostering the Understanding of Foliar Uptake and Transport of Mn by Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merril): Kinetics, Chemical Speciation, and Effects of Glyphosate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13010-13020. [PMID: 31670946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the yield of soybean is a challenge to humankind dependent on several management practices, such as fertilizing and weed control. While glyphosate contributes to controlling weeds, it can interfere with spray mixture stability and, supposedly, complex with micronutrients within the plant tissue. This study investigated the effects of glyphosate on soybean foliar uptake and transport of Mn supplied as MnSO4, MnHPO3, Mn-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and MnCO3. These fertilizers induced ultrastructural changes in the leaf cuticle, regardless of the glyphosate mixture. Except for MnCO3, all tested sources increased the Mn content in the petiole. The mixture of glyphosate impaired Mn transport from MnSO4 and MnHPO3, but no evidence of Mn-glyphosate complexation within the plant was found. Manganese is rather transported in a similar chemical environment regardless of the source, except for Mn-EDTA, which was absorbed and transported in its pristine form. Interferences of glyphosate seem to be related to complexations in the tank mixture rather than affecting nutrients' metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Machado
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , SP 13416-000 , Brazil
| | - Marcos H F Gomes
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , SP 13416-000 , Brazil
| | - João P R Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , SP 13416-000 , Brazil
| | - Rafael Otto
- Department of Soil Science (LSO), "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , SP 13418-900 , Brazil
| | - Hudson W P de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation (LIN), Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) , University of São Paulo (USP) , Piracicaba , SP 13416-000 , Brazil
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26
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Li C, Wang P, van der Ent A, Cheng M, Jiang H, Lund Read T, Lombi E, Tang C, de Jonge MD, Menzies NW, Kopittke PM. Absorption of foliar-applied Zn in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): importance of the cuticle, stomata and trichomes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:57-68. [PMID: 30020418 PMCID: PMC6344099 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The pathways whereby foliar-applied nutrients move across the leaf surface remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the pathways by which foliar-applied Zn moves across the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaf surface, considering the potential importance of the cuticle, stomata and trichomes. Methods Using synchrotron-based X-ray florescence microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), the absorption of foliar-applied ZnSO4 and nano-ZnO were studied in sunflower. The speciation of Zn was also examined using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Key Results Non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) were particularly important for foliar Zn absorption, with Zn preferentially accumulating within trichomes in ≤15 min. The cuticle was also found to have a role, with Zn appearing to move across the cuticle before accumulating in the walls of the epidermal cells. After 6 h, the total Zn that accumulated in the NGTs was approx. 1.9 times higher than in the cuticular tissues. No marked accumulation of Zn was found within the stomatal cavity, probably indicating a limited contribution of the stomatal pathway. Once absorbed, the Zn accumulated in the walls of the epidermal and the vascular cells, and trichome bases of both leaf sides, with the bundle sheath extensions that connected to the trichomes seemingly facilitating this translocation. Finally, the absorption of nano-ZnO was substantially lower than for ZnSO4, with Zn probably moving across the leaf surface as soluble Zn rather than nanoparticles. Conclusions In sunflower, both the trichomes and cuticle appear to be important for foliar Zn absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, China
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- La Trobe University, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haibo Jiang
- University of Western Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Thea Lund Read
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- University of South Australia, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- La Trobe University, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Coskun D, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Menzies JG, Reynolds O, Ma JF, Kronzucker HJ, Bélanger RR. The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:67-85. [PMID: 30007071 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 67 I. Introduction 68 II. Silicon transport in plants: to absorb or not to absorb 69 III. The role of silicon in plants: not just a matter of semantics 71 IV. Silicon and biotic stress: beyond mechanical barriers and defense priming 76 V. Silicon and abiotic stress: a proliferation of proposed mechanisms 78 VI. The apoplastic obstruction hypothesis: a working model 79 VII. Perspectives and conclusions 80 Acknowledgements 81 References 81 SUMMARY: Silicon (Si) is not classified as an essential plant nutrient, and yet numerous reports have shown its beneficial effects in a variety of species and environmental circumstances. This has created much confusion in the scientific community with respect to its biological roles. Here, we link molecular and phenotypic data to better classify Si transport, and critically summarize the current state of understanding of the roles of Si in higher plants. We argue that much of the empirical evidence, in particular that derived from recent functional genomics, is at odds with many of the mechanistic assertions surrounding Si's role. In essence, these data do not support reports that Si affects a wide range of molecular-genetic, biochemical and physiological processes. A major reinterpretation of Si's role is therefore needed, which is critical to guide future studies and inform agricultural practice. We propose a working model, which we term the 'apoplastic obstruction hypothesis', which attempts to unify the various observations on Si's beneficial influences on plant growth and yield. This model argues for a fundamental role of Si as an extracellular prophylactic agent against biotic and abiotic stresses (as opposed to an active cellular agent), with important cascading effects on plant form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Humira Sonah
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - James G Menzies
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Olivia Reynolds
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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