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Sierra AM, Meléndez O, Bethancourt R, Bethancourt A, Rodríguez-Castro L, López CA, Sedio BE, Saltonstall K, Villarreal A JC. Leaf Endophytes Relationship with Host Metabolome Expression in Tropical Gymnosperms. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01511-z. [PMID: 38809282 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions play a pivotal role in shaping host fitness, especially concerning chemical defense mechanisms. In cycads, establishing direct correlations between specific endophytic microbes and the synthesis of highly toxic defensive phytochemicals has been challenging. Our research delves into the intricate relationship between plant-microbe associations and the variation of secondary metabolite production in two closely related Zamia species that grow in distinct habitats; terrestrial and epiphytic. Employing an integrated approach, we combined microbial metabarcoding, which characterize the leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities, with untargeted metabolomics to test if the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa in these two Zamia species were associated with different metabolome profiles. The two species studied shared approximately 90% of the metabolites spanning diverse biosynthetic pathways: alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, polyketides, shikimates, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. Co-occurrence networks revealed positive associations among metabolites from different pathways, underscoring the complexity of their interactions. Our integrated analysis demonstrated to some degree that the intraspecific variation in metabolome profiles of the two host species was associated with the abundance of bacterial orders Acidobacteriales and Frankiales, as well as the fungal endophytes belonging to the orders Chaetothyriales, Glomerellales, Heliotiales, Hypocreales, and Sordariales. We further associate individual metabolic similarity with four specific fungal endophyte members of the core microbiota, but no specific bacterial taxa associations were identified. This study represents a pioneering investigation to characterize leaf endophytes and their association with metabolomes in tropical gymnosperms, laying the groundwork for deeper inquiries into this complex domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel M Sierra
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Omayra Meléndez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Rita Bethancourt
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Ariadna Bethancourt
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Lilisbeth Rodríguez-Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
| | - Christian A López
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Juan Carlos Villarreal A
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, (QC), G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá.
- Canada Research Chair in Genomics of Tropical Symbioses, Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canadá.
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Xiang QY(J, Kivlin SN, Soltis DE, Yu S, Chu H, Soltis PS, Zhao Y. Editorial: Mapping microbial diversity onto the phylogeny of associated plant species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421637. [PMID: 38751832 PMCID: PMC11094311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li X, Lin Y, Qin Y, Han G, Wang H, Yan Z. Beneficial endophytic fungi improve the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza by performing different ecological functions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16959. [PMID: 38406278 PMCID: PMC10894594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endophytic fungi can enhance the growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is frequently employed for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, with the primary bioactive components being salvianolic acid and tanshinone. However, their levels in cultivated S. miltiorrhiza are inferior to that of the wild herbs, so the production of high-quality medicinal herbs is sharply declining. Consequently, the utilization of beneficial endophytic fungi to improve the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza holds great significance for the cultivation of medicinal plants. Methods In this study, nine non-pathogenic, endophytic fungal strains were introduced into sterile S. miltiorrhiza seedlings and cultivated both in vitro and in situ (the greenhouse). The effects of these strains on the growth indices, C and N metabolism, antioxidant activity, photosynthesis, and content of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza were then evaluated. Results The results showed that the different genera, species, or strains of endophytic fungi regulated the growth and metabolism of S. miltiorrhiza in unique ways. These endophytic fungi primarily exerted their growth-promoting effects by increasing the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase. They also enhanced the adaptability and resistance to environmental stresses by improving the synthesis of osmoregulatory compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, their regulatory effects on the growth and development of S. miltiorrhiza were affected by environmental changes. Moreover, the strains that significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic acids inhibited the accumulation of tanshinones components, and vice versa. The endophytic fungal strains Penicillium meloforme DS8, Berkeleyomyces basicola DS10, and Acremonium sclerotigenum DS12 enhanced the bioaccumulation of tanshinones. Fusarium solani DS16 elevated the rosmarinic acid content and yields in S. miltiorrhiza. The strain Penicillium javanicum DS5 improved the contents of dihydrotanshinone, salvianolic acid B, and rosmarinic acid. The strains P. meloforme DS8 and B. basicola DS10 improved resistance. Conclusion Various endophytic fungi affected the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza by regulating different physiological and metabolic pathways. This study also provides a novel and effective method to maximize the effects of beneficial endophytic fungi by selecting specific strains to design microbial communities based on the different ecological functions of endophytic fungi under varying environments and for specific production goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Lin
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, CNIPA, Chengdu, Sichaun, China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Qin X, Xu J, An X, Yang J, Wang Y, Dou M, Wang M, Huang J, Fu Y. Insight of endophytic fungi promoting the growth and development of woody plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:78-99. [PMID: 36592988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2129579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth and development. In particular, endophytic fungi is one of the important kinds of microorganisms and has a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants. Endophytic fungi have many substantial benefits to host plants, especially for woody plants, such as accelerating plant growth, enhancing stress resistance, promoting nutrient absorption, resisting pathogens and etc. However, the effects of endophytic fungi on the growth and development of woody plants have not been systematically summarized. In this review, the functions of endophytic fungi for the growth and development of woody plants have been mainly reviewed, including regulating plant growth (e.g., flowering, root elongation, etc.) by producing nutrients and plant hormones, and improving plant disease, insect resistance and heavy metal resistance by producing secondary metabolites. In addition, the diversity of endophytic fungi could improve the ability of woody plants to adapt to adverse environment. The components produced by endophytic fungi have excellent potential for the growth and development of woody plants. This review has systematically discussed the potential regulation mechanism of endophytic fungi regulating the growth and development of woody plants, it would be of great significance for the development and utilization of endophytic fungi resource from woody plants for the protection of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Meijia Dou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Minggang Wang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yujie Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China
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5
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Toppo P, Jangir P, Mehra N, Kapoor R, Mathur P. Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Anisomeles indica L. for their diverse role in agricultural and industrial sectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38182714 PMCID: PMC10770348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit various plant parts and cause no damage to the host plants. During the last few years, a number of novel endophytic fungi have been isolated and identified from medicinal plants and were found to be utilized as bio-stimulants and bio fertilizers. In lieu of this, the present study aims to isolate and identify endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Anisomeles indica L. an important medicinal plant of the Terai-Duars region of West Bengal. A total of ten endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of A. indica and five were identified using ITS1/ITS4 sequencing based on their ability for plant growth promotion, secondary metabolite production, and extracellular enzyme production. Endophytic fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum yulongense Ai1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai2, Colletotrichum alienum Ai2.1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai3, and Fusarium equiseti. Five isolates tested positive for their plant growth promotion potential, while isolates Ai4. Ai1, Ai2, and Ai2.1 showed significant production of secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Isolate Ai2 showed maximum total phenolic concentration (25.98 mg g-1), while isolate Ai4 showed maximum total flavonoid concentration (20.10 mg g-1). Significant results were observed for the production of extracellular enzymes such as cellulases, amylases, laccases, lipases, etc. The isolates significantly influenced the seed germination percentage of tomato seedlings and augmented their growth and development under in vitro assay. The present work comprehensively tested these isolates and ascertained their huge application for the commercial utilization of these isolates both in the agricultural and industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Pooja Jangir
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Namita Mehra
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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6
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Bagci I, Suzuki K, Asiloglu R, Harada N. The Application of Organic Matter Temporarily Shifts Carrot Prokaryotic Communities in the Endosphere but Not in the Rhizosphere. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2377. [PMID: 37894035 PMCID: PMC10608867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic prokaryotes, bacteria, and archaea, are important microorganisms that benefit host plants by promoting plant growth and reducing stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate temporal shifts in the root endophytic prokaryotic communities associated with carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) and the effect of organic matter application on them. Carrots were grown in a planter under five fertilizer treatments (weed compost, bark compost, cattle manure, chemical fertilizer, and no-fertilizer control) and the compositions of rhizosphere and root endosphere prokaryotic communities were determined via amplicon sequencing analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene at 60 and 108 days after sowing. The results showed that the rhizosphere prokaryotic community compositions were stable despite different sampling times and fertilizer treatments; however, a greater temporal shift and an effect of the type of organic matter applied were observed in the endosphere prokaryotic communities. The differences in treatments resulted in significant differences in the abundance and Faith pyrogenetic diversity of the endosphere prokaryotic community. Genera, such as Burkholderia, Sphingomonas, and Rhodanobacter, that exhibit plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol activities, were detected regardless of the treatments, suggesting that they may play an important ecological role as the core endophytes in carrot roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Bagci
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Suzuki
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rasit Asiloglu
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Naoki Harada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
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7
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The impact of polyphenolic compounds on the in vitro growth of oak-associated foliar endophytic and saprotrophic fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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8
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Digra S, Nonzom S. An insight into endophytic antimicrobial compounds: an updated analysis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 17:1-31. [PMID: 37359493 PMCID: PMC10013304 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-023-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Resistance in micro-organisms against antimicrobial compounds is an emerging phenomenon in the modern era as compared to the traditional world which brings new challenges to discover novel antimicrobial compounds from different available sources, such as, medicinal plants, various micro-organisms, like, bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, and endophytes. Endophytes reside inside the plants without exerting any harmful impact on the host plant along with providing ample of benefits. In addition, they are capable of producing diverse antimicrobial compounds similar to their host, allowing them to serve as useful micro-organism for a range of therapeutic purposes. In recent years, a large number of studies on the antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi have been carried out globally. These antimicrobials have been used to treat various bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in humans. In this review, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds along with their various benefits to their host have been focused on. In addition, classification systems of endophytic fungi as well as the need for antimicrobial production with genetic involvement and some of the vital novel antimicrobial compounds of endophytic origin can further be utilized in the pharmaceutical industries for various formulations along with the role of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Digra
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
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9
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Endophytic Diaporthe as Promising Leads for the Development of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers for a Sustainable Agriculture. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122453. [PMID: 36557707 PMCID: PMC9784053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are responsible for causing economic and production losses in several crops worldwide, thus reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural supplies. To reduce the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, strategies and approaches using microorganisms are being used in plant disease management. Most of the studies concerning plant-growth promotion and biological agents to control plant diseases are mainly focused on bacteria. In addition, a great portion of registered and commercialized biopesticides are bacterial-based products. Despite fungal endophytes having been identified as promising candidates for their use in biological control, it is of the utmost importance to develop and improve the existing knowledge on this research field. The genus Diaporthe, encompasses plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes that have been screened for secondary metabolite, mainly due to their production of polyketides and a variety of unique bioactive metabolites with agronomic importance. Some of these metabolites exhibit antifungal and antibacterial activity for controlling plant pathogens, and phytotoxic activity for the development of potential mycoherbicides. Moreover, species of Diaporthe are reported as promising agents in the development of biofertilizers. For this reason, in this review we summarize the potential of Diaporthe species to produce natural products with application in agriculture and describe the benefits of these fungi to promote their host plant's growth.
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10
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Colón Carrión N, Troche CL, Arnold AE. Communities of endophytic fungi in a Puerto Rican rainforest vary along a gradient of disturbance due to Hurricane Maria. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9618. [PMID: 36532133 PMCID: PMC9750846 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the frequency and intensity of hurricanes influence the structure, function, and resilience of Caribbean forests. Trees in such forests harbor diverse fungal endophytes within leaves and roots. Fungal endophytes often are important for plant health and stress responses, but how their communities are impacted by hurricanes is not well known. We measured forest disturbance in Carite State Forest in Puerto Rico ca. 16 months after the passage of Hurricane Maria, a Category 4 storm. In three sites, each comprising three plots representing a local gradient of hurricane disturbance, we evaluated soil chemistry and used culture-free analyses to measure richness, phylogenetic diversity, and composition of endophyte communities in leaves and roots. We found that endophyte richness did not vary significantly among plant families or as a function of soil chemistry. Instead, leaf endophytes peaked in richness and decreased in phylogenetic diversity at intermediate levels of disturbance. Root endophytes did not show such variation, but both leaf- and root endophyte communities differed in species composition as a function of disturbance across the forest. Locations with less disturbance typically hosted distinctive assemblages of foliar endophytes, whereas more disturbed locations had more regionally homogeneous endophyte communities. Together, our results show that changes in endophyte richness and phylogenetic diversity can be detected in aboveground tissues more than a year after major storms. In turn, pervasive shifts in endophyte community composition both aboveground and belowground suggest a subtle and lasting effect of hurricanes that merits further study, potentially contributing to the promotion of spatially heterogeneous endophyte assemblages at a landscape scale in these diverse island forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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11
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Guo S, Wang H, Sui Y, Liu X, Tan L. Bioactive extracts and association with C and N in Eleutherococcus senticosus subjected to chitosan nanoparticles in contrasting light spectra. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277233. [PMID: 36454898 PMCID: PMC9714952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds are major reasons for the value of Eleutherococcus senticosus, which can be modified by different lighting spectra. Light-emitting diode (LED) provides lights with specific spectra which can interact with other treatments to impact plant bioactive production. Chitosan nanoparticle (CN) is a biopolymer derived from marine creatures. It's usage may be a practical approach to cope with uncertainties in secondary metabolites induced by illumination. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cyclings link plant eco-physiological performance and bioactive substance; hence their associations may reveal the mechanism of joint light-CN interaction. In this study, E. senticosus seedlings were raised under artificial lighting spectra from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps (44% red, 55% green, 1% blue) and white (44% red, 47% green, 8% blue) and red colored (73% red, 13% green, 14% blue) LED panels. Half of the seedlings received CN and the other half received distilled water as the control. Compared to the HPS spectrum, the red-light induced stronger shoot growth with greater biomass accumulation and higher water uptake but resulted in lower N concentration and biomass ratio in the root. The white light caused more biomass allocated to the root and strengthened stem C concentration. Stem eleutheroside B increased with shoot growth, while root eleutheroside B had a positive association with leaf C and stem protocatechuic acid had a negative association with leaf N. Having the CN treatment in white and red LED lights is recommended for increasing accumulation of bioactive compounds in the shoots and roots of E. senticosus seedlings, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hexiang Wang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yawen Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
| | - Long Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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12
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Dale JCM, Newman JA. A First Draft of the Core Fungal Microbiome of Schedonorus arundinaceus with and without Its Fungal Mutualist Epichloë coenophiala. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101026. [PMID: 36294590 PMCID: PMC9605371 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is a cool-season grass which is commonly infected with the fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. Although the relationship between tall fescue and E. coenophiala is well-studied, less is known about its broader fungal communities. We used next-generation sequencing of the ITS2 region to describe the complete foliar fungal microbiomes in a set of field-grown tall fescue plants over two years, and whether these fungal communities were affected by the presence of Epichloë. We used the Georgia 5 cultivar of tall fescue, grown in the field for six years prior to sampling. Plants were either uninfected with E. coenophiala, or they were infected with one of two E. coenophiala strains: The common toxic strain or the AR542 strain (sold commerically as MaxQ). We observed 3487 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across all plants and identified 43 ASVs which may make up a potential core microbiome. Fungal communities did not differ strongly between Epichloë treatments, but did show a great deal of variation between the two years. Plant fitness also changed over time but was not influenced by E. coenophiala infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C. M. Dale
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan A. Newman
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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13
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Meng Y, Zhang Q, Shi G, Liu Y, Du G, Feng H. Can nitrogen supersede host identity in shaping the community composition of foliar endophytic fungi in an alpine meadow ecosystem? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895533. [PMID: 36071969 PMCID: PMC9441931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of limiting nutrients plays a crucial role in shaping communities of endophytes. Moreover, whether fungal endophytes are host-specific remains controversial. We hypothesized that in a harsh and nitrogen (N)-deficient area, diversity and community composition of foliar endophytic fungi (FEFs) varied substantially among plots with experimentally elevated levels of macronutrients, and thus, N availability, instead of host species identity, would have a greater influence in structuring fungal communities at different scales. We also expected an important subset of taxa shared among numerous host species and N gradients to form a community-wide core microbiome. We measured the leaf functional traits and community structures of FEFs of three commonly seen species in an alpine meadow nested with a long-term N fertilization experiment. We found that host plant identity was a powerful factor driving the endophytic fungal community in leaves, even in habitats where productivity was strongly limited by nitrogen (p < 0.001). We also found that within the same host, nitrogen was an important driving force for the composition of the endophytic fungi community (p < 0.05). In addition, the leaf carbon content was the most important functional trait that limited the diversity of endophytic fungi (p < 0.001). Finally, we documented a distinct core microbiome shared among our three focal species and N gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Zhang
| | - Guoxi Shi
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Du
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Huyuan Feng
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14
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Host genotype controls ecological change in the leaf fungal microbiome. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001681. [PMID: 35951523 PMCID: PMC9371330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf fungal microbiomes can be fundamental drivers of host plant success, as they contain pathogens that devastate crop plants and taxa that enhance nutrient uptake, discourage herbivory, and antagonize pathogens. We measured leaf fungal diversity with amplicon sequencing across an entire growing season in a diversity panel of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). We also sampled a replicated subset of genotypes across 3 additional sites to compare the importance of time, space, ecology, and genetics. We found a strong successional pattern in the microbiome shaped both by host genetics and environmental factors. Further, we used genome-wide association (GWA) mapping and RNA sequencing to show that 3 cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crRLKs) were linked to a genetic locus associated with microbiome structure. We confirmed GWAS results in an independent set of genotypes for both the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA markers. Fungal pathogens were central to microbial covariance networks, and genotypes susceptible to pathogens differed in their expression of the 3 crRLKs, suggesting that host immune genes are a principal means of controlling the entire leaf microbiome. Leaf fungal microbiomes can strongly influence host plant success. Monitoring the leaf fungal microbiome of switchgrass over time shows microbial ecological succession, and reveals the host plant genes that influence community-wide changes.
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15
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Zhou J, Huang PW, Li X, Vaistij FE, Dai CC. Generalist endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris colonization of Oryza sativa L. promotes plant growth under nitrogen starvation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:703-715. [PMID: 35522401 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes establish symbiotic relationships with host plants, which results in a mutual growth benefit. However, little is known about the plant genetic response underpinning endophyte colonization. Phomopsis liquidambaris usually lives as an endophyte in a wide range of asymptomatic hosts and promotes biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In this study, we show that under low nitrogen conditions P. liquidambaris promotes rice growth in a hydroponic system, which is free of other microorganisms. In order to gain insights into the mechanisms of plant colonization by P. liquidambaris under low nitrogen conditions, we compared root and shoot transcriptome profiles of root-inoculated rice at different colonization stages. We determined that genes related to plant growth promotion, such as gibberellin and auxin related genes, were up-regulated at all developmental stages both locally and systemically. The largest group of up-regulated genes (in both roots and shoots) were related to flavonoid biosynthesis, which is involved in plant growth as well as antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, genes encoding plant defense-related endopeptidase inhibitors were strongly up-regulated at the early stage of colonization. Together, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe mutualism and the promotion of plant growth by a fungal endophyte under nitrogen-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peng-Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fabián E Vaistij
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Tellez PH, Arnold AE, Leo AB, Kitajima K, Van Bael SA. Traits along the leaf economics spectrum are associated with communities of foliar endophytic symbionts. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927780. [PMID: 35966664 PMCID: PMC9366602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf traits of plants worldwide are classified according to the Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES), which links leaf functional traits to evolutionary life history strategies. As a continuum ranging from thicker, tough leaves that are low in nitrogen (N) to thinner, softer, leaves that are high in N, the LES brings together physical, chemical, and ecological traits. Fungal endophytes are common foliar symbionts that occur in healthy, living leaves, especially in tropical forests. Their community composition often differs among co-occurring host species in ways that cannot be explained by environmental conditions or host phylogenetic relationships. Here, we tested the over-arching hypothesis that LES traits act as habitat filters that shape communities of endophytes both in terms of composition, and in terms of selecting for endophytes with particular suites of functional traits. We used culture-based and culture-free surveys to characterize foliar endophytes in mature leaves of 30 phylogenetically diverse plant species with divergent LES traits in lowland Panama, and then measured functional traits of dominant endophyte taxa in vitro. Endophytes were less abundant and less diverse in thick, tough, leaves compared to thin, softer, leaves in the same forest, even in closely related plants. Endophyte communities differed according to leaf traits, including leaf punch strength and carbon and nitrogen content. The most common endophyte taxa in leaves at different ends of the LES differ in their cellulase, protease, chitinase, and antipathogen activity. Our results extend the LES framework for the first time to diverse and ecologically important endophytes, opening new hypotheses regarding the degree to which foliar symbionts respond to, and extend, the functional traits of leaves they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Tellez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashton B Leo
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Division of Forest and Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sunshine A Van Bael
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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17
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Bergmann GE, Leveau JHJ. A metacommunity ecology approach to understanding microbial community assembly in developing plant seeds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877519. [PMID: 35935241 PMCID: PMC9355165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have the potential to affect plant seed germination and seedling fitness, ultimately impacting plant health and community dynamics. Because seed-associated microbiota are highly variable across individual plants, plant species, and environments, it is challenging to identify the dominant processes that underlie the assembly, composition, and influence of these communities. We propose here that metacommunity ecology provides a conceptually useful framework for studying the microbiota of developing seeds, by the application of metacommunity principles of filtering, species interactions, and dispersal at multiple scales. Many studies in seed microbial ecology already describe individual assembly processes in a pattern-based manner, such as correlating seed microbiome composition with genotype or tracking diversity metrics across treatments in dispersal limitation experiments. But we see a lot of opportunities to examine understudied aspects of seed microbiology, including trait-based research on mechanisms of filtering and dispersal at the micro-scale, the use of pollination exclusion experiments in macro-scale seed studies, and an in-depth evaluation of how these processes interact via priority effect experiments and joint species distribution modeling.
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18
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Sandy M, Bui TI, Abá KS, Ruiz N, Paszalek J, Connor EW, Hawkes CV. Plant Host Traits Mediated by Foliar Fungal Symbionts and Secondary Metabolites. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02057-x. [PMID: 35713682 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal symbionts living inside plant leaves ("endophytes") can vary from beneficial to parasitic, but the mechanisms by which the fungi affect the plant host phenotype remain poorly understood. Chemical interactions are likely the proximal mechanism of interaction between foliar endophytes and the plant, as individual fungal strains are often exploited for their diverse secondary metabolite production. Here, we go beyond single strains to examine commonalities in how 16 fungal endophytes shift plant phenotypic traits such as growth and physiology, and how those relate to plant metabolomics profiles. We inoculated individual fungi on switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. This created a limited range of plant growth and physiology (2-370% of fungus-free controls on average), but effects of most fungi overlapped, indicating functional similarities in unstressed conditions. Overall plant metabolomics profiles included almost 2000 metabolites, which were broadly correlated with plant traits across all the fungal treatments. Terpenoid-rich samples were associated with larger, more physiologically active plants and phenolic-rich samples were associated with smaller, less active plants. Only 47 metabolites were enriched in plants inoculated with fungi relative to fungus-free controls, and of these, Lasso regression identified 12 metabolites that explained from 14 to 43% of plant trait variation. Fungal long-chain fatty acids and sterol precursors were positively associated with plant photosynthesis, conductance, and shoot biomass, but negatively associated with survival. The phytohormone gibberellin, in contrast, was negatively associated with plant physiology and biomass. These results can inform ongoing efforts to develop metabolites as crop management tools, either by direct application or via breeding, by identifying how associations with more beneficial components of the microbiome may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah Sandy
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tina I Bui
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kenia Segura Abá
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nestor Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John Paszalek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elise W Connor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Western Idaho, Nampa, ID, 83687, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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19
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Crown closure affects endophytic leaf mycobiome compositional dynamics over time in Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Song M, Sun B, Li R, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Dynamic succession patterns and interactions of phyllospheric microorganisms during NO x exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128371. [PMID: 35150993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere plays a role in alleviating air pollution, potentially leveraging the native microorganisms for further enhancement. It remains unclear how phyllospheric microorganisms respond to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution and participate in abatement. Here, we exposed Schefflera octophylla to NOx to reveal microbial succession patterns and interactions in the phyllosphere. During exposure, phyllospheric ammonium (NH4+-N) significantly increased, with different alpha diversity changes between bacteria and fungi. Community successions enclosed core taxa with relatively excellent tolerance, represented by bacterial genera (Norcardiodes, Aeromicrobium) and fungal genera (Talaromyces, Acremonium). The exposure eliminated specific pathogens (e.g., Zymoseptoria) and benefitted plant growth-promoting populations (e.g., Talaromyces, Exiguobacterium), which might favor plant disease control, improve plant health and thus buffer NOx pollution. Cooccurrence networks revealed more negative correlations among bacteria and closer linkages among fungi during exposure. Our results also showed a functional shift from the predominance of pathotrophs to saprotrophs. Our study identified microbial successions and interactions during NOx pollution and thus enlightened prospective taxa and potential roles of phyllospheric microorganisms in NOx remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area 071000, China.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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21
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de Paula CCP, Macek P, Bárta J, Borovec J, Svobodová I, Holá E, Lepš J, Sirová D. Parasitic trophic mode of plant host affects the extent of colonization, but does not induce systematic shifts in the composition of foliar endophytic assemblages in temperate meadow ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Macek
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 1760, CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Borovec
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Svobodová
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Eva Holá
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 1760, CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lepš
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 1760, CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Dagmara Sirová
- Biology Centre CAS Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 7 CZ‐37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
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22
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Sarkar S, Dey A, Kumar V, Batiha GES, El-Esawi MA, Tomczyk M, Ray P. Fungal Endophyte: An Interactive Endosymbiont With the Capability of Modulating Host Physiology in Myriad Ways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701800. [PMID: 34659281 PMCID: PMC8514756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi ubiquitously dwell inside the tissue-spaces of plants, mostly asymptomatically. They grow either intercellularly or intracellularly in a particular host plant to complete the whole or part of their life cycle. They have been found to be associated with almost all the plants occurring in a natural ecosystem. Due to their important role in the survival of plants (modulate photosynthesis, increase nutrient uptake, alleviate the effect of various stresses) they have been selected to co-evolve with their hosts through the course of evolution. Many years of intense research have discovered their tremendous roles in increasing the fitness of the plants in both normal and stressed conditions. There are numerous literature regarding the involvement of various endophytic fungi in enhancing plant growth, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, etc. But, there are scant reports documenting the specific mechanisms employed by fungal endophytes to manipulate plant physiology and exert their effects. In this review, we aim to document the probable ways undertaken by endophytic fungi to alter different physiological parameters of their host plants. Our objective is to present an in-depth elucidation about the impact of fungal endophytes on plant physiology to make this evolutionarily conserved symbiotic interaction understandable from a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Departament of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Puja Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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23
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Guo Q, Tan J, Ding G. Fungal diversity within the phyllosphere of Pinus massoniana and the possible involvement of phyllospheric fungi in litter decomposition. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:785-795. [PMID: 34537174 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems and help to shape the forest's diverse functions. However, little is known about the diversity of phyllospheric fungi or their possible relationships with fungal communities residing in different micro-environments of Pinus massoniana forests. We investigated seven different sample types: mature needles (NM), dead needles (ND), needles falling as litter (L), fermenting needles (F), humus (H), top soil (0-20 cm) (TS), and secondary soil (20-40 cm) (SS). These seven fungal communities were examined and compared with ITS amplicons using a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 1213 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level. Distinct fungal communities were associated with different sample types. A greater number of OTUs were present in both NM and F samples than those shared by both NM and TS samples, indicating that phyllospheric fungi may play crucial roles in litter decomposition. Sixty OTUs (the core microbiome) were found in all sample types, and they may probably play different ecological roles in different sample types. These findings extend our knowledge of the fungal diversity of the phyllosphere and its possible interactions with fungal communities found in distinct forest micro-habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguang Sun
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianhui Tan
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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24
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Ye HT, Luo SQ, Yang ZN, Wang YS, Ding Q, Wang KF, Yang SX, Wang Y. Endophytic fungi stimulate the concentration of medicinal secondary metabolites in houttuynia cordata thunb. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1929731. [PMID: 34092178 PMCID: PMC8280886 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1929731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi usually establish a symbiotic relationship with the host plant and affect its growth. In order to evaluate the impact of endophytic fungi on the Chinese herbal medicinal plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb., three endophytes isolated from the rhizomes of H. cordata, namely Ilyonectria liriodendra (IL), unidentified fungal sp. (UF), and Penicillium citrinum (PC), were co-cultured individually with H. cordata in sterile soil for 60 days. Analysis of the results showed that the endophytes stimulated the host plant in different ways: IL increased the growth of rhizomes and the accumulation of most of the phenolics and volatiles, UF promoted the accumulation of the medicinal compounds afzelin, decanal, 2-undecanone, and borneol without influencing host plant growth, and PC increased the fresh weight, total leaf area and height of the plants, as well as the growth of the rhizomes, but had only a small effect on the concentration of major secondary metabolites. Our results proved that the endophytic fungi had potential practical value in terms of the production of Chinese herbal medicines, having the ability to improve the yield and accumulation of medicinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Luo
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Zhan-Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
- CONTACT Zhan-Nan Yang Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Yuan-Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Kai-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Shun-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang Guizhou, China
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Harrison JG, Beltran LP, Buerkle CA, Cook D, Gardner DR, Parchman TL, Poulson SR, Forister ML. A suite of rare microbes interacts with a dominant, heritable, fungal endophyte to influence plant trait expression. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2763-2778. [PMID: 33790425 PMCID: PMC8397751 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that live, for at least a portion of their life history, within plant tissues. Endophyte assemblages are often composed of a few abundant taxa and many infrequently observed, low-biomass taxa that are, in a word, rare. The ways in which most endophytes affect host phenotype are unknown; however, certain dominant endophytes can influence plants in ecologically meaningful ways-including by affecting growth and immune system functioning. In contrast, the effects of rare endophytes on their hosts have been unexplored, including how rare endophytes might interact with abundant endophytes to shape plant phenotype. Here, we manipulate both the suite of rare foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) and Alternaria fulva-a vertically transmitted and usually abundant fungus-within the fabaceous forb Astragalus lentiginosus. We report that rare, low-biomass endophytes affected host size and foliar %N, but only when the heritable fungal endophyte (A. fulva) was not present. A. fulva also reduced plant size and %N, but these deleterious effects on the host could be offset by a negative association we observed between this heritable fungus and a foliar pathogen. These results demonstrate how interactions among endophytic taxa determine the net effects on host plants and suggest that the myriad rare endophytes within plant leaves may be more than a collection of uninfluential, commensal organisms, but instead have meaningful ecological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G. Harrison
- grid.135963.b0000 0001 2109 0381Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Lyra P. Beltran
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XEcology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Program, Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- grid.135963.b0000 0001 2109 0381Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- grid.417548.b0000 0004 0478 6311Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT USA
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- grid.417548.b0000 0004 0478 6311Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT USA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XEcology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Program, Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
| | - Simon R. Poulson
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XDepartment of Geological Sciences & Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
| | - Matthew L. Forister
- grid.266818.30000 0004 1936 914XEcology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Program, Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
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Christian N, Espino Basurto B, Toussaint A, Xu X, Ainsworth EA, Busby PE, Heath KD. Elevated carbon dioxide reduces a common soybean leaf endophyte. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4154-4168. [PMID: 34022078 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments have elucidated how climate change affects plant physiology and production. However, we lack a predictive understanding of how climate change alters interactions between plants and endophytes, critical microbial mediators of plant physiology and ecology. We leveraged the SoyFACE facility to examine how elevated [CO2 ] affected soybean (Glycine max) leaf endophyte communities in the field. Endophyte community composition changed under elevated [CO2 ], including a decrease in the abundance of a common endophyte, Methylobacterium sp. Moreover, Methylobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with co-occurring fungal endophytes. We then assessed how Methylobacterium affected the growth of co-occurring endophytic fungi in vitro. Methylobacterium antagonized most co-occurring fungal endophytes in vitro, particularly when it was more established in culture before fungal introduction. Variation in fungal response to Methylobacterium within a single fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was comparable to inter-OTU variation. Finally, fungi isolated from elevated vs. ambient [CO2 ] plots differed in colony growth and response to Methylobacterium, suggesting that increasing [CO2 ] may affect fungal traits and interactions within the microbiome. By combining in situ and in vitro studies, we show that elevated [CO2 ] decreases the abundance of a common bacterial endophyte that interacts strongly with co-occurring fungal endophytes. We suggest that endophyte responses to global climate change will have important but largely unexplored implications for both agricultural and natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Christian
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Baldemar Espino Basurto
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amber Toussaint
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Posy E Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Katy D Heath
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Gao J, Zhang J, He C, Wang Q. Effects of light spectra and 15N pulses on growth, leaf morphology, physiology, and internal nitrogen cycling in Quercus variabilis Blume seedlings. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243954. [PMID: 34264949 PMCID: PMC8282041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Light spectra of sunlight transmittance can generate an interactive effect with deposited nitrogen (N) on regenerated plants across varied shading conditions. Total N content in understory plants can be accounted for by both exogeneous and endogenous sources of derived N, but knowledge about the response of inner N cycling to interactive light and N input effects is unclear. We conducted a bioassay on Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) seedlings subjected to five-month N pulsing with 15NH4Cl (10.39 atom %) at 120 mg 15N plant-1 under the blue (48.5% blue, 33.7% green, and 17.8% red), red (14.6% blue, 71.7% red, 13.7% green), and green (17.4% blue, 26.2% red, 56.4% green) lighting-spectra. Half of the seedlings were fed twice a week using a 250 ppm N solution with micro-nutrients, while the other half just received distilled water. Two factors showed no interaction and neither affected growth and morphology. Compared to the red-light spectrum, that in blue light increased chlorophyll and soluble protein contents and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, root N concentration, and N derived from the pulses. The green-light spectrum induced more biomass allocation to roots and a higher percentage of N derived from internal reserves compared to the red-light spectrum. The 15N pulses reduced the reliance on N remobilization from acorns but strengthened shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, GS activity, and N concentration. In conclusion, light spectrum imposed an independent force from external N pulse to modify the proportion of N derived from internal sources in total N content in juvenile Q. variabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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Verma SK, Sahu PK, Kumar K, Pal G, Gond SK, Kharwar RN, White JF. Endophyte roles in nutrient acquisition, root system architecture development and oxidative stress tolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2161-2177. [PMID: 33893707 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants associate with communities of microbes (bacteria and fungi) that play critical roles in plant development, nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress tolerance. The major share of plant microbiota is endophytes which inhabit plant tissues and help them in various capacities. In this article, we have reviewed what is presently known with regard to how endophytic microbes interact with plants to modulate root development, branching, root hair formation and their implications in overall plant development. Endophytic microbes link the interactions of plants, rhizospheric microbes and soil to promote nutrient solubilization and further vectoring these nutrients to the plant roots making the soil-plant-microbe continuum. Further, plant roots internalize microbes and oxidatively extract nutrients from microbes in the rhizophagy cycle. The oxidative interactions between endophytes and plants result in the acquisition of nutrients by plants and are also instrumental in oxidative stress tolerance of plants. It is evident that plants actively cultivate microbes internally, on surfaces and in soils to acquire nutrients, modulate development and improve health. Understanding this continuum could be of greater significance in connecting endophytes with the hidden half of the plant that can also be harnessed in applied terms to enhance nutrient acquisition through the development of favourable root system architecture for sustainable production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sahu
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Pal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Gond
- Botany Section, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R N Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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31
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Host plant environmental filtering drives foliar fungal community assembly in symptomatic leaves. Oecologia 2021; 195:737-749. [PMID: 33582871 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foliar fungi (defined as all fungal species in leaves after surface sterilization; hereafter, 'FF') are of great importance to host plant growth and health, and can also affect ecosystem functioning. Despite this importance, few studies have explicitly examined the role of host filtering in shaping local FF communities, and we know little about the differences of FF community assembly between symptomatic (caused by fungal pathogens) and asymptomatic leaves, and whether there is phylogenetic congruence between host plants and FF. We examined FF communities from 25 host plant species (for each species, symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves, respectively) in an alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau using MiSeq sequencing of ITS1 gene biomarkers. We evaluated the phylogenetic congruence of FF-plant interactions based on cophylogenetic analysis, and examined α- and β-phylogenetic diversity indices of the FF communities. We found strong support for phylogenetic congruence between host plants and FF for both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves, and a host-caused filter appears to play a major role in shaping FF communities. Most importantly, we provided independent lines of evidence that host environmental filtering (caused by fungal infections) outweighs competitive exclusion in driving FF community assembly in symptomatic leaves. Our results help strengthen the foundation of FF community assembly by demonstrating the importance of host environmental filtering in driving FF community assembly.
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Sun K, Sun H, Qiu Z, Liu Q. Comparative Analyses of Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Metabolomes in Newly Developed Needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. at Four Stages of Stand Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717643. [PMID: 34650578 PMCID: PMC8505725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant-associated bacteria affect the growth, vigor, and nutrient availability of the host plant. However, phyllosphere bacteria have received less research attention and their functions remain elusive, especially in forest ecosystems. In this study, we collected newly developed needles from sapling (age 5 years), juvenile (15 years), mature (25 years), and overmature (35 years) stands of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook]. We analyzed changes in phyllosphere bacterial communities, their functional genes, and metabolic activity among different stand ages. The results showed that phyllosphere bacterial communities changed, both in relative abundance and in composition, with an increase in stand age. Community abundance predominantly changed in the orders Campylobacterales, Pseudonocardiales, Deinococcales, Gemmatimonadales, Betaproteobacteriales, Chthoniobacterales, and Propionibacteriales. Functional predictions indicated the genes of microbial communities for carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis, flavonoids biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis varied; some bacteria were strongly correlated with some metabolites. A total of 112 differential metabolites, including lipids, benzenoids, and flavonoids, were identified. Trigonelline, proline, leucine, and phenylalanine concentrations increased with stand age. Flavonoids concentrations were higher in sapling stands than in other stands, but the transcript levels of genes associated with flavonoids biosynthesis in the newly developed needles of saplings were lower than those of other stands. The nutritional requirements and competition between individual trees at different growth stages shaped the phyllosphere bacterial community and host-bacteria interaction. Gene expression related to the secondary metabolism of shikimate, mevalonate, terpenoids, tocopherol, phenylpropanoids, phenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, betains, wax, and flavonoids pathways were clearly different in Chinese fir at different ages. This study provides an overview of phyllosphere bacteria, metabolism, and transcriptome in Chinese fir of different stand ages and highlights the value of an integrated approach to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Tree Genetics, College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Sun
| | - Zonghao Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
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Xiong C, Zhu YG, Wang JT, Singh B, Han LL, Shen JP, Li PP, Wang GB, Wu CF, Ge AH, Zhang LM, He JZ. Host selection shapes crop microbiome assembly and network complexity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1091-1104. [PMID: 32852792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiomes are essential to host health and productivity but the ecological processes that govern crop microbiome assembly are not fully known. Here we examined bacterial communities across 684 samples from soils (rhizosphere and bulk soil) and multiple compartment niches (rhizoplane, root endosphere, phylloplane, and leaf endosphere) in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum)/barley (Hordeum vulgare) rotation system under different fertilization practices at two contrasting sites. Our results demonstrate that microbiome assembly along the soil-plant continuum is shaped predominantly by compartment niche and host species rather than by site or fertilization practice. From soils to epiphytes to endophytes, host selection pressure sequentially increased and bacterial diversity and network complexity consequently reduced, with the strongest host effect in leaf endosphere. Source tracking indicates that crop microbiome is mainly derived from soils and gradually enriched and filtered at different plant compartment niches. Moreover, crop microbiomes were dominated by a few dominant taxa (c. 0.5% of bacterial phylotypes), with bacilli identified as the important biomarker taxa for wheat and barley and Methylobacteriaceae for maize. Our work provides comprehensive empirical evidence on host selection, potential sources and enrichment processes for crop microbiome assembly, and has important implications for future crop management and manipulation of crop microbiome for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ju-Pei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Gui-Bao Wang
- Soil and Fertilizer Station of Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan Province, 655000, China
| | - Chuan-Fa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - An-Hui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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34
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Lefèvre E, Gardner CM, Gunsch CK. A novel PCR-clamping assay reducing plant host DNA amplification significantly improves prokaryotic endo-microbiome community characterization. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5850752. [PMID: 32490528 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the sequence homology between the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and plant chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, the taxonomic characterization of plant microbiome using amplicon-based high throughput sequencing often results in the overwhelming presence of plant-affiliated reads, preventing the thorough description of plant-associated microbial communities. In this work we developed a PCR blocking primer assay targeting the taxonomically informative V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene in order to reduce plant DNA co-amplification, and increase diversity coverage of associated prokaryotic communities. Evaluation of our assay on the characterization of the prokaryotic endophytic communities of Zea mays, Pinus taeda and Spartina alternifora leaves led to significantly reducing the proportion of plant reads, yielded 20 times more prokaryotic reads and tripled the number of detected OTUs compared to a commonly used V5-V6 PCR protocol. To expand the application of our PCR-clamping assay across a wider taxonomic spectrum of plant hosts, we additionally provide an alignment of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA sequences encompassing more than 200 terrestrial plant families as a supporting tool for customizing our blocking primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lefèvre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 127 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Courtney M Gardner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, 405 Spokane street, Sloan 101, Box 642910, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Claudia K Gunsch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 127 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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35
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Xiong C, He JZ, Singh BK, Zhu YG, Wang JT, Li PP, Zhang QB, Han LL, Shen JP, Ge AH, Wu CF, Zhang LM. Rare taxa maintain the stability of crop mycobiomes and ecosystem functions. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:1907-1924. [PMID: 32996254 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants harbour highly diverse mycobiomes which sustain essential functions for host health and productivity. However, ecological processes that govern the plant-mycobiome assembly, interactions and their impact on ecosystem functions remain poorly known. Here we characterized the ecological role and community assembly of both abundant and rare fungal taxa along the soil-plant continuums (rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere) in the maize-wheat/barley rotation system under different fertilization practices at two contrasting sites. Our results indicate that mycobiome assembly is shaped predominantly by compartment niche and host species rather than by environmental factors. Moreover, crop-associated fungal communities are dominated by few abundant taxa mainly belonging to Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, while the majority of diversity within mycobiomes are represented by rare taxa. For plant compartments, the abundant sub-community is mainly determined by stochastic processes. In contrast, the rare sub-community is more sensitive to host selection and mainly governed by deterministic processes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that rare taxa play an important role in fungal co-occurrence network and ecosystem functioning like crop yield and soil enzyme activities. These results significantly advance our understanding of crop mycobiome assembly and highlight the key role of rare taxa in sustaining the stability of crop mycobiomes and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qin-Bing Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Station of Qilin District, Qujing, Yunnan, 655000, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ju-Pei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - An-Hui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Fa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ramírez-Ordorica A, Valencia-Cantero E, Flores-Cortez I, Carrillo-Rayas MT, Elizarraraz-Anaya MIC, Montero-Vargas J, Winkler R, Macías-Rodríguez L. Metabolomic effects of the colonization of Medicago truncatula by the facultative endophyte Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 in a foliar inoculation system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8426. [PMID: 32439840 PMCID: PMC7242375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofertilizer production and application for sustainable agriculture is already a reality. The methods for biofertilizers delivery in crop fields are diverse. Although foliar spray is gaining wide acceptance, little is known about the influence that the biochemical features of leaves have on the microbial colonization. Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 is a rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria that promotes plant growth and health. In this study, we determined the capacity of the UMCV2 strain to colonize different leaves from Medicago truncatula in a foliar inoculation system. By using two powerful analytical methods based on mass spectrometry, we determined the chemical profile of the leaves in 15-d old plants. The metabolic signatures between the unifoliate leaf (m1) and the metameric units developing above (m2 and m3) were different, and interestingly, the highest colony forming units (CFU) was found in m1. The occurrence of the endophyte strongly affects the sugar composition in m1 and m2 leaves. Our results suggest that A. agilis UMCV2 colonize the leaves under a foliar inoculation system independently of the phenological age of the leaf and it is capable of modulating the carbohydrate metabolism without affecting the rest of the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ramírez-Ordorica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Idolina Flores-Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - María Teresa Carrillo-Rayas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León. C. P. 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ma Isabel Cristina Elizarraraz-Anaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León. C. P. 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Josaphat Montero-Vargas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León. C. P. 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León. C. P. 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
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Schroeder JW, Dobson A, Mangan SA, Petticord DF, Herre EA. Mutualist and pathogen traits interact to affect plant community structure in a spatially explicit model. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2204. [PMID: 32371877 PMCID: PMC7200732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical studies show that plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) can generate negative density dependent (NDD) recruitment capable of maintaining plant community diversity at landscape scales. However, the observation that common plants often exhibit relatively weaker NDD than rare plants at local scales is difficult to reconcile with the maintenance of overall plant diversity. We develop a spatially explicit simulation model that tracks the community dynamics of microbial mutualists, pathogens, and their plant hosts. We find that net PSF effects vary as a function of both host abundance and key microbial traits (e.g., host affinity) in ways that are compatible with both common plants exhibiting relatively weaker local NDD, while promoting overall species diversity. The model generates a series of testable predictions linking key microbial traits and the relative abundance of host species, to the strength and scale of PSF and overall plant community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Schroeder
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Dobson
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Petticord
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Edward Allen Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Harrison JG, Griffin EA. The diversity and distribution of endophytes across biomes, plant phylogeny and host tissues: how far have we come and where do we go from here? Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2107-2123. [PMID: 32115818 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interiors of plants are colonized by diverse microorganisms that are referred to as endophytes. Endophytes have received much attention over the past few decades, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding patterns in their biodiversity at local to global scales. To characterize research effort to date, we synthesized results from ~600 published studies. Our survey revealed a global research interest and highlighted several gaps in knowledge. For instance, of the 17 biomes encompassed by our survey, 7 were understudied and together composed only 7% of the studies that we considered. We found that fungal endophyte diversity has been characterized in at least one host from 30% of embryophyte families, while bacterial endophytes have been surveyed in hosts from only 10.5% of families. We complimented our survey with a vote counting procedure to determine endophyte richness patterns among plant tissue types. We found that variation in endophyte assemblages in above-ground tissues varied with host growth habit. Stems were the richest tissue in woody plants, whereas roots were the richest tissue in graminoids. For forbs, we found no consistent differences in relative tissue richness among studies. We propose future directions to fill the gaps in knowledge we uncovered and inspire further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Harrison
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, 3165, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Eric A Griffin
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, USA
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Wemheuer F, Berkelmann D, Wemheuer B, Daniel R, Vidal S, Bisseleua Daghela HB. Agroforestry Management Systems Drive the Composition, Diversity, and Function of Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities in Theobroma Cacao Leaves. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E405. [PMID: 32183118 PMCID: PMC7143032 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most economically important crops worldwide. Despite the important role of endophytes for plant growth and health, very little is known about the effect of agroforestry management systems on the endophyte communities of T. cacao. To close this knowledge gap, we investigated the diversity, community composition, and function of bacterial and fungal endophytes in the leaves of T. cacao trees growing in five major cacao-growing regions in the central region of Cameroon using DNA metabarcoding. Fungal but not bacterial alpha diversity measures differed significantly between the agroforestry management systems. Interestingly, less managed home-garden cacao forests harbored the lowest fungal richness and diversity. Our results suggest that the composition of bacterial and fungal endophyte communities is predominantly affected by agroforestry management systems and, to a lesser extent, by environmental properties. The core microbiome detected comprised important fungal phytopathogens, such as Lasiodiplodia species. Several predicted pathways of bacterial endophytes and functional guilds of fungal endophytes differed between the agroforest systems which might be attributed to bacteria and fungi specifically associated with a single agroforest. Our results provide the basis for future studies on foliar fungal and bacterial endophytes of T. cacao and their responsiveness towards agroforestry management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wemheuer
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (F.W.); (H.B.B.D.)
| | - Dirk Berkelmann
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.B.); (B.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.B.); (B.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (D.B.); (B.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (F.W.); (H.B.B.D.)
| | - Hervé Bertin Bisseleua Daghela
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (F.W.); (H.B.B.D.)
- Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Christian N, Sedio BE, Florez-Buitrago X, Ramírez-Camejo LA, Rojas EI, Mejía LC, Palmedo S, Rose A, Schroeder JW, Herre EA. Host affinity of endophytic fungi and the potential for reciprocal interactions involving host secondary chemistry. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:219-228. [PMID: 32072625 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Interactions between fungal endophytes and their host plants present useful systems for identifying important factors affecting assembly of host-associated microbiomes. Here we investigated the role of secondary chemistry in mediating host affinity of asymptomatic foliar endophytic fungi using Psychotria spp. and Theobroma cacao (cacao) as hosts. METHODS First, we surveyed endophytic communities in Psychotria species in a natural common garden using culture-based methods. Then we compared differences in endophytic community composition with differences in foliar secondary chemistry in the same host species, determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, we tested how inoculation with live and heat-killed endophytes affected the cacao chemical profile. RESULTS Despite sharing a common environment and source pool for endophyte spores, different Psychotria host species harbored strikingly different endophytic communities that reflected intrinsic differences in their leaf chemical profiles. In T. cacao, inoculation with live and heat-killed endophytes produced distinct cacao chemical profiles not found in uninoculated plants or pure fungal cultures, suggesting that endophytes, like pathogens, induce changes in secondary chemical profiles of their host plant. CONCLUSIONS Collectively our results suggest at least two potential processes: (1) Plant secondary chemistry influences assembly and composition of fungal endophytic communities, and (2) host colonization by endophytes subsequently induces changes in the host chemical landscape. We propose a series of testable predictions based on the possibility that reciprocal chemical interactions are a general property of plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Christian
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Bldg., Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Apartado 0843-01103, Ciudad del Saber, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway #C0930, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Luis A Ramírez-Camejo
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Apartado 0843-01103, Ciudad del Saber, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Enith I Rojas
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, USA
| | - Luis C Mejía
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Apartado 0843-01103, Ciudad del Saber, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Sage Palmedo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Ln., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Autumn Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Ln., Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - John W Schroeder
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa-Barbara, Noble Hall 2116, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Edward Allen Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100 Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, USA
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Jia Q, Qu J, Mu H, Sun H, Wu C. Foliar endophytic fungi: diversity in species and functions in forest ecosystems. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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42
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Tree Diversity Reduces Fungal Endophyte Richness and Diversity in a Large-Scale Temperate Forest Experiment. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although decades of research have typically demonstrated a positive correlation between biodiversity of primary producers and associated trophic levels, the ecological drivers of this association are poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that the plant microbiome, or the fungi and bacteria found on and inside plant hosts, may be cryptic yet important drivers of important processes, including primary production and trophic interactions. Here, using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized foliar fungal community diversity, composition, and function from 15 broadleaved tree species (N = 545) in a recently established, large-scale temperate tree diversity experiment using over 17,000 seedlings. Specifically, we tested whether increases in tree richness and phylogenetic diversity would increase fungal endophyte diversity (the “Diversity Begets Diversity” hypothesis), as well as alter community composition (the “Tree Diversity–Endophyte Community” hypothesis) and function (the “Tree Diversity–Endophyte Function” hypothesis) at different spatial scales. We demonstrated that increasing tree richness and phylogenetic diversity decreased fungal species and functional guild richness and diversity, including pathogens, saprotrophs, and parasites, within the first three years of a forest diversity experiment. These patterns were consistent at the neighborhood and tree plot scale. Our results suggest that fungal endophytes, unlike other trophic levels (e.g., herbivores as well as epiphytic bacteria), respond negatively to increasing plant diversity.
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Pellitier PT, Zak DR, Salley SO. Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5188-5198. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Pellitier
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Donald R. Zak
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Sydney O. Salley
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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Deng ZS, Liu XD, Zhang BC, Jiao S, Qi XY, Sun ZH, He XL, Liu YZ, Li J, Chen KK, Lin ZX, Jiang YY. The Root Endophytic Fungi Community Structure of Pennisetum sinese from Four Representative Provinces in China. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090332. [PMID: 31505744 PMCID: PMC6780252 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pennisetum sinese is a good forage grass with high biomass production and crude proteins. However, little is known about the endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese, which might play an important role in the plant’s growth and biomass production. Here, we used high throughput sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences based on primers ITS5-1737 and ITS2-2043R to investigate the endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese roots at the maturity stage, as collected from four provinces (Shaanxi province, SX; Fujian province, FJ; the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous prefecture, XJ and Inner Mongolia, including sand (NS) and saline-alkali land (NY), China). The ITS sequences were processed using QIIME and R software. A total of 374,875 effective tags were obtained, and 708 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were yielded with 97% identity in the five samples. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant phyla in the five samples, and the genera Khuskia and Heydenia were the most abundant in the FJ and XJ samples, respectively, while the most abundant tags in the other three samples could not be annotated at the genus level. In addition, our study revealed that the FJ sample possessed the highest OTU numbers (242) and the NS sample had the lowest (86). Moreover, only 22 OTUs were present in all samples simultaneously. The beta diversity analysis suggested a division of two endophytic fungi groups: the FJ sample from the south of China and the other four samples from north or northwest China. Correlation analysis between the environmental factors and endophytic fungi at the class level revealed that Sordariomycetes and Pucciniomycetes had extremely significant positive correlations with the total carbon, annual average precipitation, and annual average temperature, while Leotiomycetes showed an extremely significant negative correlation with quick acting potassium. The results revealed significant differences in the root endophytic fungi diversity of P. sinese in different provinces and might be useful for growth promotion and biomass production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shan Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Bao-Cheng Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 53602, China.
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiang-Ying Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Xiao-Long He
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Yu-Zhen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Kai-Kai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Zhan-Xi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
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