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Vera-Vives AM, Novel P, Zheng K, Tan SL, Schwarzländer M, Alboresi A, Morosinotto T. Mitochondrial respiration is essential for photosynthesis-dependent ATP supply of the plant cytosol. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39073122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants rely on solar energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH for photosynthetic carbon fixation and all cellular need. Mitochondrial respiration is essential in plants, but this may be due to heterotrophic bottlenecks during plant development or because it is also necessary in photosynthetically active cells. In this study, we examined in vivo changes of cytosolic ATP concentration in response to light, employing a biosensing strategy in the moss Physcomitrium patens and revealing increased cytosolic ATP concentration caused by photosynthetic activity. Plants depleted of respiratory Complex I showed decreased cytosolic ATP accumulation, highlighting a critical role of mitochondrial respiration in light-dependent ATP supply of the cytosol. Consistently, targeting mitochondrial ATP production directly, through the construction of mutants deficient in mitochondrial ATPase (complex V), led to drastic growth reduction, despite only minor alterations in photosynthetic electron transport activity. Since P. patens is photoautotrophic throughout its development, we conclude that heterotrophic bottlenecks cannot account for the indispensable role of mitochondrial respiration in plants. Instead, our results support that mitochondrial respiration is essential for ATP provision to the cytosol in photosynthesizing cells. Mitochondrial respiration provides metabolic integration, ensuring supply of cytosolic ATP essential for supporting plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni M Vera-Vives
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Piero Novel
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Ke Zheng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Shun-Ling Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
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2
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Burlacot A. Quantifying the roles of algal photosynthetic electron pathways: a milestone towards photosynthetic robustness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2197-2203. [PMID: 37872749 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, electron transport reactions generate and shuttle reductant to allow CO2 reduction by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and the formation of biomass building block in the so-called linear electron flow (LEF). However, in nature, environmental parameters like light intensity or CO2 availability can vary and quickly change photosynthesis rates, creating an imbalance between photosynthetic energy production and metabolic needs. In addition to LEF, alternative photosynthetic electron flows are central to allow photosynthetic energy to match metabolic demand in response to environmental variations. Microalgae arguably harbour one of the most diverse set of alternative electron flows (AEFs), including cyclic (CEF), pseudocyclic (PCEF) and chloroplast-to-mitochondria (CMEF) electron flow. While CEF, PCEF and CMEF have large functional overlaps, they differ in the conditions they are active and in their role for photosynthetic energy balance. Here, I review the molecular mechanisms of CEF, PCEF and CMEF in microalgae. I further propose a quantitative framework to compare their key physiological roles and quantify how the photosynthetic energy is partitioned to maintain a balanced energetic status of the cell. Key differences in AEF within the green lineage and the potential of rewiring photosynthetic electrons to enhance plant robustness will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Burlacot
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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3
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Sun Z, Bai C, Liu Y, Ma M, Zhang S, Liu H, Bai R, Han X, Yong JWH. Resilient and sustainable production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in phosphorus-limited environment by using exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid to sustain photosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115388. [PMID: 37611478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many low to medium yielding peanut fields have the potential for further yield improvement. Low phosphorus (P) limitation is one of the significant factors curtailing Arachis hypogaea productivity in many regions. In order to demonstrate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on peanuts growing under P deficiency, we used a pot-based experiment to examine the effects of exogenous GABA on alleviating P deficiency-induced physiological changes and growth inhibition in peanuts. The key physiological parameters examined were foliar gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, proton motive force, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity of peanuts under cultivation with low P (LP, 0.5 mM P) and control conditions. During low P, the cyclic electron flow (CEF) maintained the high proton gradient (∆pH) induced by low ATP synthetic activity. Applying GABA during low P conditions stimulated CEF and reduced the concomitant ROS generation and thereby protecting the foliar photosystem II (PSII) from photoinhibition. Specifically, GABA enhanced the rate of electronic transmission of PSII (ETRII) by pausing the photoprotection mechanisms including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and ∆pH regulation. Thus, GABA was shown to be effective in restoring peanut growth when encountering P deficiency. Exogenous GABA alleviated two symptoms (increased root-shoot ratio and photoinhibition) of P-deficient peanuts. This is possibly the first report of using exogenous GABA to restore photosynthesis and growth under low P availability. Therefore, foliar applications of GABA could be a simple, safe and effective approach to overcome low yield imposed by limited P resources (low P in soils or P-fertilizers are unavailable) for sustainable peanut cultivation and especially in low to medium yielding fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Sun
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunming Bai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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4
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Natale S, La Rocca N, Battistuzzi M, Morosinotto T, Nardini A, Alboresi A. Structure and function of bark and wood chloroplasts in a drought-tolerant tree (Fraxinus ornus L.). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:893-908. [PMID: 36738252 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the most important photosynthetic organs in most woody plants, but chloroplasts are also found in organs optimized for other functions. However, the actual photosynthetic efficiency of these chloroplasts is still unclear. We analyzed bark and wood chloroplasts of Fraxinus ornus L. saplings. Optical and spectroscopic methods were applied to stem samples and compared with leaves. A sharp light gradient was detected along the stem radial direction, with blue light mainly absorbed by the outer bark, and far-red-enriched light reaching the underlying xylem and pith. Chlorophylls were evident in the xylem rays and the pith and showed an increasing concentration gradient toward the bark. The stem photosynthetic apparatus showed features typical of acclimation to a low-light environment, such as larger grana stacks, lower chlorophyll a/b and photosystem I/II ratios compared with leaves. Despite likely receiving very few photons, wood chloroplasts were photosynthetically active and fully capable of generating a light-dependent electron transport. Our data provide a comprehensive scenario of the functional features of bark and wood chloroplasts in a woody species and suggest that stem photosynthesis is coherently optimized to the prevailing micro-environmental conditions at the bark and wood level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Natale
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Mariano Battistuzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova 35121, Italy
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5
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Beckett RP, Roach T, Minibayeva F, Werth S. Alternative electron transport pathways contribute to tolerance to high light stress in lichenized algae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13904. [PMID: 37002828 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of lichen photobionts has been well-characterized by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis (e.g., by pulse amplitude modulation [PAM]), which provides a proxy of the activity of photosystem II (PSII) and its antenna. However, such kinetics are unable to directly characterize photosystem I (PSI) activity and the associated alternative electron pathways that may be involved in photoprotection. Instead, PSI can be probed in vivo by near-infrared absorption, measured at the same time as standard chlorophyll fluorescence (e.g., using the WALZ Dual PAM). Here, we used the Dual PAM to investigate cyclic electron flow and photoprotection in a range of mostly temperate lichens sampled from shaded to more open microhabitats. Sun species displayed lower acceptor side limitation of PSI (Y[NA]) early in illumination when compared to shade species, indicative of higher flavodiiron-mediated pseudocyclic electron flow. In response to high irradiance, some lichens accumulate melanin, and Y[NA] was lower and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH-2)-type cyclic flow was higher in melanised than pale forms. Furthermore, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was higher and faster relaxing in shade than sun species, while all lichens displayed high rates of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow. In conclusion, our data suggest that (1) low acceptor side limitation of PSI is important for sun-exposed lichens; (2) NPQ helps shade species tolerate brief exposure to high irradiance; and (3) cyclic electron flow is a prominent feature of lichens regardless of habitat, although NDH-2-type flow is associated with high light acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Peter Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
- Open Lab 'Biomarker', Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farida Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Silke Werth
- Faculty of Biology Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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6
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Leister D. Enhancing the light reactions of photosynthesis: Strategies, controversies, and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:4-22. [PMID: 35996755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to life on Earth, employing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce chemical energy and oxygen. It is generally accepted that boosting its efficiency offers one promising way to increase crop yields under agronomically realistic conditions. Since the components, structure, and regulatory mechanisms of the light reactions of photosynthesis are well understood, concepts for enhancing the process have been suggested and partially tested. These approaches vary in complexity, from targeting single components to comprehensive redesign of the whole process on the scales from single cells or tissues to whole canopies. Attempts to enhance light utilization per leaf, by decreasing pigmentation, increasing levels of photosynthetic proteins, prolonging the lifespan of the photosynthetic machinery, or massive reconfiguration of the photosynthetic machinery and the incorporation of nanomaterials, are discussed in this review first. Secondly, strategies intended to optimize the acclimation of photosynthesis to changes in the environment are presented, including redesigning mechanisms to dissipate excess excitation energy (e.g., non-photochemical quenching) or reduction power (e.g., flavodiiron proteins). Moreover, schemes for improving acclimation, inspired by natural or laboratory-induced adaptation, are introduced. However, all these endeavors are still in an early exploratory phase and/or have not resulted in the desired outcome, largely because photosynthesis is embedded within large networks of closely interacting cellular and metabolic processes, which can vary among species and even cultivars. This explains why integrated, systems-wide approaches are required to achieve the breakthroughs required for effectively increasing crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Martinsried-Planegg, D-82152 Munich, Germany.
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7
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Santana‐Sánchez A, Nikkanen L, Werner E, Tóth G, Ermakova M, Kosourov S, Walter J, He M, Aro E, Allahverdiyeva Y. Flv3A facilitates O 2 photoreduction and affects H 2 photoproduction independently of Flv1A in diazotrophic Anabaena filaments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:126-139. [PMID: 36128660 PMCID: PMC10092803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena) is a typical example of a multicellular organism capable of simultaneously performing oxygenic photosynthesis in vegetative cells and O2 -sensitive N2 -fixation inside heterocysts. The flavodiiron proteins have been shown to participate in photoprotection of photosynthesis by driving excess electrons to O2 (a Mehler-like reaction). Here, we performed a phenotypic and biophysical characterization of Anabaena mutants impaired in vegetative-specific Flv1A and Flv3A in order to address their physiological relevance in the bioenergetic processes occurring in diazotrophic Anabaena under variable CO2 conditions. We demonstrate that both Flv1A and Flv3A are required for proper induction of the Mehler-like reaction upon a sudden increase in light intensity, which is likely important for the activation of carbon-concentrating mechanisms and CO2 fixation. Under ambient CO2 diazotrophic conditions, Flv3A is responsible for moderate O2 photoreduction, independently of Flv1A, but only in the presence of Flv2 and Flv4. Strikingly, the lack of Flv3A resulted in strong downregulation of the heterocyst-specific uptake hydrogenase, which led to enhanced H2 photoproduction under both oxic and micro-oxic conditions. These results reveal a novel regulatory network between the Mehler-like reaction and the diazotrophic metabolism, which is of great interest for future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Santana‐Sánchez
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Elisa Werner
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Julia Walter
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Meilin He
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Eva‐Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20014Finland
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8
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Downregulation of PSI regulates photosynthesis in early successional tree species. Evidence from a field survey across European forests. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Photoinhibition of Photosystem I Induced by Different Intensities of Fluctuating Light Is Determined by the Kinetics of ∆pH Formation Rather Than Linear Electron Flow. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122325. [PMID: 36552532 PMCID: PMC9774317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) can cause the selective photoinhibition of photosystem I (PSI) in angiosperms. In nature, leaves usually experience FL conditions with the same low light and different high light intensities, but the effects of different FL conditions on PSI redox state and PSI photoinhibition are not well known. In this study, we found that PSI was highly reduced within the first 10 s after transition from 59 to 1809 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, such transient PSI over-reduction was not observed by transitioning from 59 to 501 or 923 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Consequently, FL (59-1809) induced a significantly stronger PSI photoinhibition than FL (59-501) and FL (59-923). Compared with the proton gradient (∆pH) level after transition to high light for 60 s, tomato leaves almost formed a sufficient ∆pH after light transition for 10 s in FL (59-501) but did not in FL (59-923) or FL (59-1809). The difference in ∆pH between 10 s and 60 s was tightly correlated to the extent of PSI over-reduction and PSI photoinhibition induced by FL. Furthermore, the difference in PSI photoinhibition between (59-923) and FL (59-1809) was accompanied by the same level of linear electron flow. Therefore, PSI photoinhibition induced by different intensities of FL is more related to the kinetics of ∆pH formation rather than linear electron flow.
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10
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Xia H, Chen K, Liu L, Plenkovic-Moraj A, Sun G, Lei Y. Photosynthetic regulation in fluctuating light under combined stresses of high temperature and dehydration in three contrasting mosses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111379. [PMID: 35850284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis regulation is fundamental for the response to environmental dynamics, especially for bryophytes during their adaptation to terrestrial life. Alternative electron flow mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLV) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) play seminal roles in the response to abiotic stresses in mosses; nevertheless, their correlation and relative contribution to photoprotection of mosses exposed to combined stresses remain unclear. In the present study, the photosynthetic performance and recovery capacity of three moss species from different growth habitats were examined during heat and dehydration with fluctuating light. Our results showed that dehydration at 22 °C for 24 h caused little photodamage, and most of the parameters recovered to their original values after rehydration. In contrast, dehydration at 38 °C caused drastic injuries, especially to PSII, which was mainly caused by the inactivation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Dehydration also induced a high accumulation of O2- and H2O2. A consistently higher CEF as well as a positive correlation between CEF and FLV was observed in resistant R. japonicum, implying CEF played a more important protective role for R. japonicum. In H. plumaeforme and P. cuspidatum, the positive relationship under mild stress switched to negative when stress became severe. Therefore, FLV pathway was sensitive to environmental fluctuations and maybe less efficient than CEF thus, readily to be lost during land colonization and evolution in angiosperms. Our work provides insights into the coordination of various pathways to fine-tune photosynthetic protection and can be used as a basis for species screening and development of breeding strategies for degraded ecosystem restoration with pioneering mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lilan Liu
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Anđelka Plenkovic-Moraj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Geng Sun
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanbao Lei
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Cheng JB, Zhang SB, Wu JS, Huang W. The Dynamic Changes of Alternative Electron Flows upon Transition from Low to High Light in the Fern Cyrtomium fortune and the Gymnosperm Nageia nagi. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172768. [PMID: 36078176 PMCID: PMC9455243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms except angiosperms, an alternative electron sink that is mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) plays the major role in preventing PSI photoinhibition while cyclic electron flow (CEF) is also essential for normal growth under fluctuating light. However, the dynamic changes of FLVs and CEF has not yet been well clarified. In this study, we measured the P700 signal, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrochromic shift spectra in the fern Cyrtomium fortune and the gymnosperm Nageia nagi. We found that both species could not build up a sufficient proton gradient (∆pH) within the first 30 s after light abruptly increased. During this period, FLVs-dependent alternative electron flow was functional to avoid PSI over-reduction. This functional time of FLVs was much longer than previously thought. By comparison, CEF was highly activated within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light, which favored energy balancing rather than the regulation of a PSI redox state. When FLVs were inactivated during steady-state photosynthesis, CEF was re-activated to favor photoprotection and to sustain photosynthesis. These results provide new insight into how FLVs and CEF interact to regulate photosynthesis in non-angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Cheng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jin-Song Wu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sun H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Exogenous melatonin strongly affects dynamic photosynthesis and enhances water-water cycle in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917784. [PMID: 35991431 PMCID: PMC9381976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important phytohormone synthesized naturally, was recently used to improve plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthetic performances have not yet been well clarified. We found that spraying of exogenous melatonin (100 μM) to leaves slightly affected the steady state values of CO2 assimilation rate (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and mesophyll conductance (g m ) under high light in tobacco leaves. However, this exogenous melatonin strongly delayed the induction kinetics of g s and g m , leading to the slower induction speed of A N . During photosynthetic induction, A N is mainly limited by biochemistry in the absence of exogenous melatonin, but by CO2 diffusion conductance in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, exogenous melatonin can aggravate photosynthetic carbon loss during photosynthetic induction and should be used with care for crop plants grown under natural fluctuating light. Within the first 10 min after transition from low to high light, photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) for A N and photorespiration were suppressed in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Meanwhile, an important alternative electron sink, namely water-water cycle, was enhanced to dissipate excess light energy. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin upregulates water-water cycle to facilitate photoprotection. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous melatonin inhibits dynamic photosynthesis and improves photoprotection in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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13
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Yuning L, Xianmei Y, Jingjing Z, Jinghua D, Luyang L, Jintian L, Benshui S. Transcriptome analyses reveal the potential mechanisms for color changes of a sweet orange peel induced by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Gene 2022; 839:146736. [PMID: 35835404 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Shatangju) is a Chinese citrus specialty in southern China with a delicious taste and an attractive appearance. Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) threatens the Shatangju industry seriously. Fruits from citrus trees with HLB show 'red nose' peels with a serious reduction in fruit value. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been identified in the leaves of several citrus species with HLB infection. However, similar studies on the fruit peels of citrus trees with HLB infection are very limited. In this study, the pathogen CLas was diagnosed in the 'red nose' fruit peels of Shatangju. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in different peels were also analyzed. Besides, we identified DEGs in the comparison between peels from normal red-colored and 'red nose' fruits via RNA-seq. A total of 1922 unigenes were identified as DEGs, of which 434 were up-regulated and 1488 were down-regulated in the 'red nose' fruit peels. DEGs involved in chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and transcription factors could be responsible for fruit color changes after HLB infection. Our findings provide a preliminary understanding of the mechanism underlying the formation of a 'red nose' on fruit peel from HLB-infected trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuning
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yang Xianmei
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhang Jingjing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dai Jinghua
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Liu Luyang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Lin Jintian
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Shu Benshui
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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14
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Wang H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yu H, Huang W. Photosynthesis under fluctuating light in the CAM plant Vanilla planifolia. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111207. [PMID: 35193751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction after a sudden increase in illumination affects carbon gain. Photosynthetic dynamics under fluctuating light (FL) have been widely investigated in C3 and C4 plants but are little known in CAM plants. In our present study, the chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 redox state and electrochromic shift signals were measured to examine photosynthetic characteristics under FL in the CAM orchid Vanilla planifolia. The light use efficiency was maximized in the morning but was restricted in the afternoon, indicating that the pool of malic acid dried down in the afternoon. During photosynthetic induction in the morning, electron flow through photosystem I rapidly reached the 95% of the maximum value in 4-6 min, indicating that V. planifolia showed a fast photosynthetic induction when compared with C3 and C4 plants reported previously. Upon a sudden transition from dark to actinic light, a rapid re-oxidation of P700 was observed in V. planifolia, indicating the fast outflow of electrons from PSI to alternative electron acceptors, which was attributed to the O2 photo-reduction mediated by water-water cycle. The functioning of water-water cycle prevented photosystem I over-reduction after transitioning from low to high light and thus protected PSI under FL. In the afternoon, cyclic electron flow was stimulated under FL to fine-tune photosynthetic apparatus when photosynthetic CO2 was restricted. Therefore, water-water cycle cooperates with cyclic electron flow to regulate the photosynthesis under FL in the CAM orchid V. planifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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15
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Rodriguez-Heredia M, Saccon F, Wilson S, Finazzi G, Ruban AV, Hanke GT. Protection of photosystem I during sudden light stress depends on ferredoxin:NADP(H) reductase abundance and interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1028-1042. [PMID: 35060611 PMCID: PMC8825262 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant tolerance to high light and oxidative stress is increased by overexpression of the photosynthetic enzyme Ferredoxin:NADP(H) reductase (FNR), but the specific mechanism of FNR-mediated protection remains enigmatic. It has also been reported that the localization of this enzyme within the chloroplast is related to its role in stress tolerance. Here, we dissected the impact of FNR content and location on photoinactivation of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) during high light stress of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The reaction center of PSII is efficiently turned over during light stress, while damage to PSI takes much longer to repair. Our results indicate a PSI sepcific effect, where efficient oxidation of the PSI primary donor (P700) upon transition from darkness to light, depends on FNR recruitment to the thylakoid membrane tether proteins: thylakoid rhodanase-like protein (TROL) and translocon at the inner envelope of chloroplasts 62 (Tic62). When these interactions were disrupted, PSI photoinactivation occurred. In contrast, there was a moderate delay in the onset of PSII damage. Based on measurements of ΔpH formation and cyclic electron flow, we propose that FNR location influences the speed at which photosynthetic control is induced, resulting in specific impact on PSI damage. Membrane tethering of FNR therefore plays a role in alleviating high light stress, by regulating electron distribution during short-term responses to light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Saccon
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guy T Hanke
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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16
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Yang YJ, Shi Q, Sun H, Mei RQ, Huang W. Differential Response of the Photosynthetic Machinery to Fluctuating Light in Mature and Young Leaves of Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:829783. [PMID: 35185969 PMCID: PMC8850366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.829783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A key component of photosynthetic electron transport chain, photosystem I (PSI), is susceptible to the fluctuating light (FL) in angiosperms. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI and water-water cycle (WWC) are both used by the epiphytic orchid Dendrobium officinale to protect PSI under FL. This study examined whether the ontogenetic stage of leaf has an impact on the photoprotective mechanisms dealing with FL. Thus, chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 signals under FL were measured in D. officinale young and mature leaves. Upon transition from dark to actinic light, a rapid re-oxidation of P700 was observed in mature leaves but disappeared in young leaves, indicating that WWC existed in mature leaves but was lacking in young leaves. After shifting from low to high light, PSI over-reduction was clearly missing in mature leaves. By comparison, young leaves showed a transient PSI over-reduction within the first 30 s, which was accompanied with highly activation of CEF. Therefore, the effect of FL on PSI redox state depends on the leaf ontogenetic stage. In mature leaves, WWC is employed to avoid PSI over-reduction. In young leaves, CEF around PSI is enhanced to compensate for the lack of WWC and thus to prevent an uncontrolled PSI over-reduction induced by FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Qiang Mei
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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17
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Zeng ZL, Sun H, Wang XQ, Zhang SB, Huang W. Regulation of Leaf Angle Protects Photosystem I under Fluctuating Light in Tobacco Young Leaves. Cells 2022; 11:252. [PMID: 35053368 PMCID: PMC8773500 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating light is a typical light condition in nature and can cause selective photodamage to photosystem I (PSI). The sensitivity of PSI to fluctuating light is influenced by the amplitude of low/high light intensity. Tobacco mature leaves are tended to be horizontal to maximize the light absorption and photosynthesis, but young leaves are usually vertical to diminish the light absorption. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that such regulation of the leaf angle in young leaves might protect PSI against photoinhibition under fluctuating light. We found that, upon a sudden increase in illumination, PSI was over-reduced in extreme young leaves but was oxidized in mature leaves. After fluctuating light treatment, such PSI over-reduction aggravated PSI photoinhibition in young leaves. Furthermore, the leaf angle was tightly correlated to the extent of PSI photoinhibition induced by fluctuating light. Therefore, vertical young leaves are more susceptible to PSI photoinhibition than horizontal mature leaves when exposed to the same fluctuating light. In young leaves, the vertical leaf angle decreased the light absorption and thus lowered the amplitude of low/high light intensity. Therefore, the regulation of the leaf angle was found for the first time as an important strategy used by young leaves to protect PSI against photoinhibition under fluctuating light. To our knowledge, we show here new insight into the photoprotection for PSI under fluctuating light in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-L.Z.); (H.S.); (X.-Q.W.); (S.-B.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-L.Z.); (H.S.); (X.-Q.W.); (S.-B.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-L.Z.); (H.S.); (X.-Q.W.); (S.-B.Z.)
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-L.Z.); (H.S.); (X.-Q.W.); (S.-B.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Z.-L.Z.); (H.S.); (X.-Q.W.); (S.-B.Z.)
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18
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Shi Q, Sun H, Timm S, Zhang S, Huang W. Photorespiration Alleviates Photoinhibition of Photosystem I under Fluctuating Light in Tomato. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020195. [PMID: 35050082 PMCID: PMC8780929 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) is a typical natural light stress that can cause photodamage to photosystem I (PSI). However, the effect of growth light on FL-induced PSI photoinhibition remains controversial. Plants grown under high light enhance photorespiration to sustain photosynthesis, but the contribution of photorespiration to PSI photoprotection under FL is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the photosynthetic performance under FL in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants grown under high light (HL-plants) and moderate light (ML-plants). After an abrupt increase in illumination, the over-reduction of PSI was lowered in HL-plants, resulting in a lower FL-induced PSI photoinhibition. HL-plants displayed higher capacities for CO2 fixation and photorespiration than ML-plants. Within the first 60 s after transition from low to high light, PSII electron transport was much higher in HL-plants, but the gross CO2 assimilation rate showed no significant difference between them. Therefore, upon a sudden increase in illumination, the difference in PSII electron transport between HL- and ML-plants was not attributed to the Calvin–Benson cycle but was caused by the change in photorespiration. These results indicated that the higher photorespiration in HL-plants enhanced the PSI electron sink downstream under FL, which mitigated the over-reduction of PSI and thus alleviated PSI photoinhibition under FL. Taking together, we here for the first time propose that photorespiration acts as a safety valve for PSI photoprotection under FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Diurnal Response of Photosystem I to Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Stomatal Conductance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113128. [PMID: 34831351 PMCID: PMC8621556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon a sudden transition from low to high light, electrons transported from photosystem II (PSII) to PSI should be rapidly consumed by downstream sinks to avoid the over-reduction of PSI. However, the over-reduction of PSI under fluctuating light might be accelerated if primary metabolism is restricted by low stomatal conductance. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of diurnal changes in stomatal conductance on photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and common mulberry (Morus alba). Under conditions of high stomatal conductance, we observed PSI over-reduction within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light. Lower stomatal conductance limited the activity of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and aggravated PSI over-reduction within 10 s after the light transition. We also observed PSI over-reduction after transition from low to high light for 30 s at the low stomatal conductance typical of the late afternoon, indicating that low stomatal conductance extends the period of PSI over-reduction under fluctuating light. Therefore, diurnal changes in stomatal conductance significantly affect the PSI redox state under fluctuating light. Moreover, our analysis revealed an unexpected inhibition of cyclic electron flow by the severe over-reduction of PSI seen at low stomatal conductance. In conclusion, stomatal conductance can have a large effect on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.
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20
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Jiang Y, Feng X, Wang H, Chen Y, Sun Y. Heat-induced down-regulation of photosystem II protects photosystem I in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1311-1321. [PMID: 34351552 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a traditional medicinal plant in China which is often threatened by high temperature at midday during summer. Heat-induced effects on the photosynthetic apparatus in honeysuckle are associated with a depression of the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. However, very limited information is available on regulation of photosynthetic electron flow in PSI photoprotection in heat-stressed honeysuckle. Simultaneous analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and the change in absorbance of P700 showed that energy transformation and electron transfer activity in PSII decreased under heat stress, but the fraction of photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm) remained stable. With treatments at 38 and 42 °C, the photochemical electron transport in PSII was suppressed, whereas the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was induced. In addition, the levels of high energy state quenching (qE) and P700 oxidation increased significantly with increasing temperature. However, a decline of qE in antimycin A (AA)- or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated leaves after heat treatment was observed, while P700 oxidation decreased only in the presence of AA. The results indicate that heat-induced inhibition of PSII and induction of CEF cooperatively protect PSI from ROS damages through moderate down-regulation of photosynthetic electron flow from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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21
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Fattore N, Savio S, Vera‐Vives AM, Battistuzzi M, Moro I, La Rocca N, Morosinotto T. Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus in the mesophilic red alga Dixoniella giordanoi. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:805-817. [PMID: 34171145 PMCID: PMC8596783 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic algae are photosynthetic organisms capable of exploiting sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into biomass with highly variable genetic and metabolic features. Information on algae metabolism from different species is inhomogeneous and, while green algae are, in general, more characterized, information on red algae is relatively scarce despite their relevant position in eukaryotic algae diversity. Within red algae, the best-known species are extremophiles or multicellular, while information on mesophilic unicellular organisms is still lacunose. Here, we investigate the photosynthetic properties of a recently isolated seawater unicellular mesophilic red alga, Dixoniella giordanoi. Upon exposure to different illuminations, D. giordanoi shows the ability to acclimate, modulate chlorophyll content, and re-organize thylakoid membranes. Phycobilisome content is also largely regulated, leading to almost complete disassembly of this antenna system in cells grown under intense illumination. Despite the absence of a light-induced xanthophyll cycle, cells accumulate zeaxanthin upon prolonged exposure to strong light, likely contributing to photoprotection. D. giordanoi cells show the ability to perform cyclic electron transport that is enhanced under strong illumination, likely contributing to the protection of Photosystem I from over-reduction and enabling cells to survive PSII photoinhibition without negative impact on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Savio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Mariano Battistuzzi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS) “Giuseppe Colombo”University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
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22
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Shi Q, Zhang SB, Wang JH, Huang W. Pre-illumination at high light significantly alleviates the over-reduction of photosystem I under fluctuating light. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111053. [PMID: 34620448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is the primary target of photoinhibition under fluctuating light (FL). In angiosperms, cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI is thought to be the main player protecting PSI under FL. The activation of CEF is linked to the thylakoid stacking, which is in turn affected by light intensity. However, it is unknown how pre-illumination affects the CEF activation and PSI redox state under FL. To address this question, we conducted a spectroscopic analysis under FL in Bletilla striata and Morus alba after pre-illumination at moderate light (ML, 611 μmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 1455 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Our results indicated that both species displayed a transient over-reduction of PSI after a transition from low to high light, but the extent of PSI over-reduction under FL was largely alleviated by pre-illumination at HL when compared with pre-illumination under ML. Furthermore, pre-illumination at HL accelerated the activation rate of CEF but did not affect the activation of non-photochemical quenching and linear electron flow from photosystem II under FL. Therefore, such increased CEF activity by pre-illumination under HL alleviated PSI over-reduction under FL by facilitating the electron sink downstream of PSI. Taking together, pre-illumination at HL protects PSI under FL through acceptor-side regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi- Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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23
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Mellon M, Storti M, Vera-Vives AM, Kramer DM, Alboresi A, Morosinotto T. Inactivation of mitochondrial complex I stimulates chloroplast ATPase in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:931-946. [PMID: 34608952 PMCID: PMC8491079 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light is the ultimate source of energy for photosynthetic organisms, but respiration is fundamental for supporting metabolism during the night or in heterotrophic tissues. In this work, we isolated Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens) plants with altered respiration by inactivating Complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by independently targeting on two essential subunits. Inactivation of CI caused a strong growth impairment even in fully autotrophic conditions in tissues where all cells are photosynthetically active, demonstrating that respiration is essential for photosynthesis. CI mutants showed alterations in the stoichiometry of respiratory complexes while the composition of photosynthetic apparatus was substantially unaffected. CI mutants showed altered photosynthesis with high activity of both Photosystems I and II, likely the result of high chloroplast ATPase activity that led to smaller ΔpH formation across thylakoid membranes, decreasing photosynthetic control on cytochrome b6f in CI mutants. These results demonstrate that alteration of respiratory activity directly impacts photosynthesis in P. patens and that metabolic interaction between organelles is essential in their ability to use light energy for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mellon
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Storti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - David M. Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Nikkanen L, Solymosi D, Jokel M, Allahverdiyeva Y. Regulatory electron transport pathways of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and microalgae: Recent advances and biotechnological prospects. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:514-525. [PMID: 33764547 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae perform oxygenic photosynthesis where light energy is harnessed to split water into oxygen and protons. This process releases electrons that are used by the photosynthetic electron transport chain to form reducing equivalents that provide energy for the cell metabolism. Constant changes in environmental conditions, such as light availability, temperature, and access to nutrients, create the need to balance the photochemical reactions and the metabolic demands of the cell. Thus, cyanobacteria and microalgae evolved several auxiliary electron transport (AET) pathways to disperse the potentially harmful over-supply of absorbed energy. AET pathways are comprised of electron sinks, e.g. flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) or other terminal oxidases, and pathways that recycle electrons around photosystem I, like NADPH-dehydrogenase-like complexes (NDH) or the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR). Under controlled conditions the need for these AET pathways is decreased and AET can even be energetically wasteful. Therefore, redirecting photosynthetic reducing equivalents to biotechnologically useful reactions, catalyzed by i.e. innate hydrogenases or heterologous enzymes, offers novel possibilities to apply photosynthesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Solymosi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martina Jokel
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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25
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Lei YB, Xia HX, Chen K, Plenković-Moraj A, Huang W, Sun G. Photosynthetic regulation in response to fluctuating light conditions under temperature stress in three mosses with different light requirements. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111020. [PMID: 34482921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under natural field conditions, mosses experience fluctuating light intensities combined with temperature stress. Alternative electron flow mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) allow mosses to growth under fluctuating light conditions. However, little is known about the roles of FLVs and CEF in the regulation of photosynthesis under temperature stress combined with fluctuating light. Here, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state under fluctuating light conditions at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C in three mosses with different light requirements. Upon a sudden increase in light intensity, electron flow from photosystem II initially increased and then gradually decreased at 20 °C and 35 °C, indicating that the operation of FLV-dependent flow lasted much longer than previously thought. Furthermore, the absolute rates of FLV-dependent flow and CEF were enhanced under fluctuating light at 35 °C, pointing to their important roles in photoprotection when exposed to fluctuating light at moderate high temperature. Furthermore, the downregulation of FLV activity at 4 °C was partially compensated for by enhanced CEF activity. These results suggested the subtle coordination between FLV activity and CEF under fluctuating light and temperature stress. Racomitrium japonicum and Hypnum plumaeforme, which usually grow under relatively high light levels, exhibited higher FLV activity and CEF than the shade-grown moss Plagiomnium ellipticum. Based on our results, we conclude that photosynthetic acclimation to fluctuating light and temperature stress in different mosses is largely linked to the adjustment of FLV activity and CEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bao Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Anđelka Plenković-Moraj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Geng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Coordination of Cyclic Electron Flow and Water-Water Cycle Facilitates Photoprotection under Fluctuating Light and Temperature Stress in the Epiphytic Orchid Dendrobium officinale. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030606. [PMID: 33806869 PMCID: PMC8004707 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is the primary target of photoinhibition under fluctuating light (FL). Photosynthetic organisms employ alternative electron flows to protect PSI under FL. However, the understanding of the coordination of alternative electron flows under FL at temperature stresses is limited. To address this question, we measured the chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 redox state, and electrochromic shift signal in leaves of Dendrobium officinale exposed to FL at 42 °C, 25 °C, and 4 °C. Upon a sudden increase in illumination at 42 °C and 25 °C, the water-water cycle (WWC) consumed a significant fraction of the extra reducing power, and thus avoided an over-reduction of PSI. However, WWC was inactivated at 4 °C, leading to an over-reduction of PSI within the first seconds after light increased. Therefore, the role of WWC under FL is largely dependent on temperature conditions. After an abrupt increase in light intensity, cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was stimulated at any temperature. Therefore, CEF and WWC showed different temperature responses under FL. Furthermore, the enhancement of CEF and WWC at 42 °C quickly generated a sufficient trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH). The inactivation of WWC at 4 °C was partially compensated for by an increased CEF activity. These findings indicate that CEF and WWC coordinate to protect PSI under FL at temperature stresses.
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Vicino P, Carrillo J, Gómez R, Shahinnia F, Tula S, Melzer M, Rutten T, Carrillo N, Hajirezaei MR, Lodeyro AF. Expression of Flavodiiron Proteins Flv2-Flv4 in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis and Tobacco Plants Provides Multiple Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1178. [PMID: 33503994 PMCID: PMC7865949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the notable exception of angiosperms, all phototrophs contain different sets of flavodiiron proteins that help to relieve the excess of excitation energy on the photosynthetic electron transport chain during adverse environmental conditions, presumably by reducing oxygen directly to water. Among them, the Flv2-Flv4 dimer is only found in β-cyanobacteria and induced by high light, supporting a role in stress protection. The possibility of a similar protective function in plants was assayed by expressing Synechocystis Flv2-Flv4 in chloroplasts of tobacco and Arabidopsis. Flv-expressing plants exhibited increased tolerance toward high irradiation, salinity, oxidants, and drought. Stress tolerance was reflected by better growth, preservation of photosynthetic activity, and membrane integrity. Metabolic profiling under drought showed enhanced accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids in transgenic Arabidopsis and a remarkable shift of sucrose into starch, in line with metabolic responses of drought-tolerant genotypes. Our results indicate that the Flv2-Flv4 complex retains its stress protection activities when expressed in chloroplasts of angiosperm species by acting as an additional electron sink. The flv2-flv4 genes constitute a novel biotechnological tool to generate plants with increased tolerance to agronomically relevant stress conditions that represent a significant productivity constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vicino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Julieta Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Suresh Tula
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (F.S.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (N.C.)
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28
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Shimakawa G, Hanawa H, Wada S, Hanke GT, Matsuda Y, Miyake C. Physiological Roles of Flavodiiron Proteins and Photorespiration in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668805. [PMID: 34489990 PMCID: PMC8418088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Against the potential risk in oxygenic photosynthesis, that is, the generation of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be regulated in response to environmental fluctuations. One of the most important regulations is keeping the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) of photosystem I in its oxidized form in excess light conditions. The oxidation of P700 is supported by dissipating excess electrons safely to O2, and we previously found that the molecular mechanism of the alternative electron sink is changed from flavodiiron proteins (FLV) to photorespiration in the evolutionary history from cyanobacteria to plants. However, the overall picture of the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport is still not clear in bryophytes, the evolutionary intermediates. Here, we investigated the physiological roles of FLV and photorespiration for P700 oxidation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha by using the mutants deficient in FLV (flv1) at different O2 partial pressures. The effective quantum yield of photosystem II significantly decreased at 2kPa O2 in flv1, indicating that photorespiration functions as the electron sink. Nevertheless, it was clear from the phenotype of flv1 that FLV was dominant for P700 oxidation in M. polymorpha. These data suggested that photorespiration has yet not replaced FLV in functioning for P700 oxidation in the basal land plant probably because of the lower contribution to lumen acidification, compared with FLV, as reflected in the results of electrochromic shift analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hanawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Guy T. Hanke
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chikahiro Miyake,
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29
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Leister D. Alternative electron pathways in photosynthesis: strength in numbers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1166-1168. [PMID: 32978961 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, D-82152, Germany
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