1
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Wilkening JV, Feng X, Dawson TE, Thompson SE. Different roads, same destination: The shared future of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3447-3465. [PMID: 38725360 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial water fluxes are substantially mediated by vegetation, while the distribution, growth, health, and mortality of plants are strongly influenced by the availability of water. These interactions, playing out across multiple spatial and temporal scales, link the disciplines of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology. Despite this connection, the disciplines have provided complementary, but largely independent, perspectives on the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum since their crystallization as modern scientific disciplines in the late 20th century. This review traces the development of the two disciplines, from their respective origins in engineering and ecology, their largely independent growth and maturation, and the eventual development of common conceptual and quantitative frameworks. This common ground has allowed explicit coupling of the disciplines to better understand plant function. Case studies both illuminate the limitations of the disciplines working in isolation, and reveal the exciting possibilities created by consilience between the disciplines. The histories of the two disciplines suggest opportunities for new advances will arise from sharing methodologies, working across multiple levels of complexity, and leveraging new observational technologies. Practically, these exchanges can be supported by creating shared scientific spaces. This review argues that consilience and collaboration are essential for robust and evidence-based predictions and policy responses under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean V Wilkening
- Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sally E Thompson
- Civil, Environmental, and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Water and Spatial Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Sterck FJ, Song Y, Poorter L. Drought- and heat-induced mortality of conifer trees is explained by leaf and growth legacies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4800. [PMID: 38608026 PMCID: PMC11014445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An increased frequency and severity of droughts and heat waves have resulted in increased tree mortality and forest dieback across the world, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a common garden experiment with 20 conifer tree species to quantify mortality after three consecutive hot, dry summers and tested whether mortality could be explained by putative underlying mechanisms, such as stem hydraulics and legacies affected by leaf life span and stem growth responses to previous droughts. Mortality varied from 0 to 79% across species and was not affected by hydraulic traits. Mortality increased with species' leaf life span probably because leaf damage caused crown dieback and contributed to carbon depletion and bark beetle damage. Mortality also increased with lower growth resilience, which may exacerbate the contribution of carbon depletion and bark beetle sensitivity to tree mortality. Our study highlights how ecological legacies at different time scales can explain tree mortality in response to hot, dry periods and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yanjun Song
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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3
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Mencuccini M, Anderegg WRL, Binks O, Knipfer T, Konings AG, Novick K, Poyatos R, Martínez-Vilalta J. A new empirical framework to quantify the hydraulic effects of soil and atmospheric drivers on plant water status. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17222. [PMID: 38450813 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Metrics to quantify regulation of plant water status at the daily as opposed to the seasonal scale do not presently exist. This gap is significant since plants are hypothesised to regulate their water potential not only with respect to slowly changing soil drought but also with respect to faster changes in air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a variable whose importance for plant physiology is expected to grow because of higher temperatures in the coming decades. We present a metric, the stringency of water potential regulation, that can be employed at the daily scale and quantifies the effects exerted on plants by the separate and combined effect of soil and atmospheric drought. We test our theory using datasets from two experiments where air temperature and VPD were experimentally manipulated. In contrast to existing metrics based on soil drought that can only be applied at the seasonal scale, our metric successfully detects the impact of atmospheric warming on the regulation of plant water status. We show that the thermodynamic effect of VPD on plant water status can be isolated and compared against that exerted by soil drought and the covariation between VPD and soil drought. Furthermore, in three of three cases, VPD accounted for more than 5 MPa of potential effect on leaf water potential. We explore the significance of our findings in the context of potential future applications of this metric from plant to ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Knipfer
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kim Novick
- University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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4
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Torres-Ruiz JM, Cochard H, Delzon S, Boivin T, Burlett R, Cailleret M, Corso D, Delmas CEL, De Caceres M, Diaz-Espejo A, Fernández-Conradi P, Guillemot J, Lamarque LJ, Limousin JM, Mantova M, Mencuccini M, Morin X, Pimont F, De Dios VR, Ruffault J, Trueba S, Martin-StPaul NK. Plant hydraulics at the heart of plant, crops and ecosystem functions in the face of climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:984-999. [PMID: 38098153 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant hydraulics is crucial for assessing the plants' capacity to extract and transport water from the soil up to their aerial organs. Along with their capacity to exchange water between plant compartments and regulate evaporation, hydraulic properties determine plant water relations, water status and susceptibility to pathogen attacks. Consequently, any variation in the hydraulic characteristics of plants is likely to significantly impact various mechanisms and processes related to plant growth, survival and production, as well as the risk of biotic attacks and forest fire behaviour. However, the integration of hydraulic traits into disciplines such as plant pathology, entomology, fire ecology or agriculture can be significantly improved. This review examines how plant hydraulics can provide new insights into our understanding of these processes, including modelling processes of vegetation dynamics, illuminating numerous perspectives for assessing the consequences of climate change on forest and agronomic systems, and addressing unanswered questions across multiple areas of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Regis Burlett
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Déborah Corso
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Chloé E L Delmas
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, 41012, Spain
| | | | - Joannes Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 05508-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marylou Mantova
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34394, France
| | | | - Victor Resco De Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Pessac, 33615, France
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5
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Sanchez-Martinez P, Mencuccini M, García-Valdés R, Hammond WM, Serra-Diaz JM, Guo WY, Segovia RA, Dexter KG, Svenning JC, Allen C, Martínez-Vilalta J. Increased hydraulic risk in assemblages of woody plant species predicts spatial patterns of drought-induced mortality. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1620-1632. [PMID: 37640766 PMCID: PMC10555820 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Predicting drought-induced mortality (DIM) of woody plants remains a key research challenge under climate change. Here, we integrate information on the edaphoclimatic niches, phylogeny and hydraulic traits of species to model the hydraulic risk of woody plants globally. We combine these models with species distribution records to estimate the hydraulic risk faced by local woody plant species assemblages. Thus, we produce global maps of hydraulic risk and test for its relationship with observed DIM. Our results show that local assemblages modelled as having higher hydraulic risk present a higher probability of DIM. Metrics characterizing this hydraulic risk improve DIM predictions globally, relative to models accounting only for edaphoclimatic predictors or broad functional groupings. The methodology we present here allows mapping of functional trait distributions and elucidation of global macro-evolutionary and biogeographical patterns, improving our ability to predict potential global change impacts on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, France
- Eversource Energy Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems & Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ricardo A Segovia
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Craig Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Cabon A, DeRose RJ, Shaw JD, Anderegg WRL. Declining tree growth resilience mediates subsequent forest mortality in the US Mountain West. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4826-4841. [PMID: 37344959 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-triggered forest die-off is an increasing threat to global forests and carbon sequestration but remains extremely challenging to predict. Tree growth resilience metrics have been proposed as measurable proxies of tree susceptibility to mortality. However, it remains unclear whether tree growth resilience can improve predictions of stand-level mortality. Here, we use an extensive tree-ring dataset collected at ~3000 permanent forest inventory plots, spanning 13 dominant species across the US Mountain West, where forests have experienced strong drought and extensive die-off has been observed in the past two decades, to test the hypothesis that tree growth resilience to drought can explain and improve predictions of observed stand-level mortality. We found substantial increases in growth variability and temporal autocorrelation as well declining drought resistance and resilience for a number of species over the second half of the 20th century. Declining resilience and low tree growth were strongly associated with cross- and within-species patterns of mortality. Resilience metrics had similar explicative power compared to climate and stand structure, but the covariance structure among predictors implied that the effect of tree resilience on mortality could partially be explained by stand and climate variables. We conclude that tree growth resilience offers highly valuable insights on tree physiology by integrating the effect of stressors on forest mortality but may have only moderate potential to improve large-scale projections of forest die-off under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cabon
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - R Justin DeRose
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - John D Shaw
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Quetin GR, Anderegg LDL, Boving I, Anderegg WRL, Trugman AT. Observed forest trait velocities have not kept pace with hydraulic stress from climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5415-5428. [PMID: 37421154 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which future climate change will increase forest stress and the amount to which species and forest ecosystems can acclimate or adapt to increased stress is a major unknown. We used high-resolution maps of hydraulic traits representing the diversity in tree drought tolerance across the United States, a hydraulically enabled tree model, and forest inventory observations of demographic shifts to quantify the ability for within-species acclimation and between-species range shifts to mediate climate stress. We found that forests are likely to experience increases in both acute and chronic hydraulic stress with climate change. Based on current species distributions, regional hydraulic trait diversity was sufficient to buffer against increased stress in 88% of forested areas. However, observed trait velocities in 81% of forested areas are not keeping up with the rate required to ameliorate projected future stress without leaf area acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Quetin
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - L D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - I Boving
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - W R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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8
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Pohl F, Werban U, Kumar R, Hildebrandt A, Rebmann C. Observational evidence of legacy effects of the 2018 drought on a mixed deciduous forest in Germany. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10863. [PMID: 37407831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle, and droughts have been shown to explain much of the interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The quantification of drought legacy effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes is a challenging task, and research on the ecosystem scale remains sparse. In this study we investigate the delayed response of an extreme drought event on the carbon cycle in the mixed deciduous forest site 'Hohes Holz' (DE-HoH) located in Central Germany, using the measurements taken between 2015 and 2020. Our analysis demonstrates that the extreme drought and heat event in 2018 had strong legacy effects on the carbon cycle in 2019, but not in 2020. On an annual basis, net ecosystem productivity was [Formula: see text] higher in 2018 ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] lower in 2019 ([Formula: see text]) compared to pre-drought years ([Formula: see text]). Using spline regression, we show that while current hydrometeorological conditions can explain forest productivity in 2020, they do not fully explain the decrease in productivity in 2019. Including long-term drought information in the statistical model reduces overestimation error of productivity in 2019 by nearly [Formula: see text]. We also found that short-term drought events have positive impacts on the carbon cycle at the beginning of the vegetation season, but negative impacts in later summer, while long-term drought events have generally negative impacts throughout the growing season. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering the diverse and complex impacts of extreme events on ecosystem fluxes, including the timing, temporal scale, and magnitude of the events, and the need to use consistent definitions of drought to clearly convey immediate and delayed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pohl
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Werban
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rohini Kumar
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Hildebrandt
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geoscience, Burgweg 11, 07749, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Potkay A, Feng X. Do stomata optimize turgor-driven growth? A new framework for integrating stomata response with whole-plant hydraulics and carbon balance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:506-528. [PMID: 36377138 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Every existing optimal stomatal model uses photosynthetic carbon assimilation as a proxy for plant evolutionary fitness. However, assimilation and growth are often decoupled, making assimilation less ideal for representing fitness when optimizing stomatal conductance to water vapor and carbon dioxide. Instead, growth should be considered a closer proxy for fitness. We hypothesize stomata have evolved to maximize turgor-driven growth, instead of assimilation, over entire plants' lifetimes, improving their abilities to compete and reproduce. We develop a stomata model that dynamically maximizes whole-stem growth following principles from turgor-driven growth models. Stomata open to assimilate carbohydrates that supply growth and osmotically generate turgor, while stomata close to prevent losses of turgor and growth due to negative water potentials. In steady state, the growth optimization model captures realistic stomatal, growth, and carbohydrate responses to environmental cues, reconciles conflicting interpretations within existing stomatal optimization theories, and explains patterns of carbohydrate storage and xylem conductance observed during and after drought. Our growth optimization hypothesis introduces a new paradigm for stomatal optimization models, elevates the role of whole-plant carbon use and carbon storage in stomatal functioning, and has the potential to simultaneously predict gross productivity, net productivity, and plant mortality through a single, consistent modeling framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Potkay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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10
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Tai X, Trugman AT, Anderegg WRL. Linking remotely sensed ecosystem resilience with forest mortality across the continental United States. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1096-1105. [PMID: 36468232 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of forest mortality have been observed worldwide associated with climate change, impacting species composition and ecosystem services such as water resources and carbon sequestration. Yet our ability to predict forest mortality remains limited, especially across large scales. Time series of satellite imagery has been used to document ecosystem resilience globally, but it is not clear how well remotely sensed resilience can inform the prediction of forest mortality across continental, multi-biome scales. Here, we leverage forest inventories across the continental United States to systematically assess the potential of ecosystem resilience derived using different data sets and methods to predict forest mortality. We found high resilience was associated with low mortality in eastern forests but was associated with high mortality in western regions. The unexpected resilience-mortality relation in western United States may be due to several factors including plant trait acclimation, insect population dynamics, or resource competition. Overall, our results not only supported the opportunity to use remotely sensed ecosystem resilience to predict forest mortality but also highlighted that ecological factors may have crucial influences because they can reverse the sign of the resilience-mortality relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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11
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Lens F, Gleason SM, Bortolami G, Brodersen C, Delzon S, Jansen S. Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought-induced embolism in angiosperms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2019-2036. [PMID: 36039697 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant of reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult to achieve at scale, leading to alternative metrics and correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led to the longstanding and pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter and vulnerability in angiosperms. However, there are at least two problems with this assumption that requires critical re-evaluation: (1) our current understanding of drought-induced embolism does not provide a mechanistic explanation why increased vessel width should lead to greater vulnerability, and (2) the most recent advancements in nanoscale embolism processes suggest that vessel diameter is not a direct driver. Here, we review data from physiological and comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting the potential anatomical and physicochemical drivers of embolism formation and spread. We then put forward key knowledge gaps, emphasising what is known, unknown and speculation. A meaningful evaluation of the diameter-vulnerability link will require a better mechanistic understanding of the biophysical processes at the nanoscale level that determine embolism formation and spread, which will in turn lead to more accurate predictions of how water transport in plants is affected by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant Sciences, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Giovanni Bortolami
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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12
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Zlobin IE, Kartashov AV, Ivanov YV, Ivanova AI, Kuznetsov VV. Stem notching decreases stem hydraulic conductance but does not influence drought impacts and post-drought recovery in Scots pine and Norway spruce. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13813. [PMID: 36326172 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tight connection between the deterioration of xylem function and plant mortality under drought is well recognized. However, a lack of mechanistic understanding of how substantial conductivity loss influences plant performance under drought and during post-drought recovery hinders our ability to model tree responses to drought stress. We artificially induced a loss of 50% of xylem conducting area in Scots pine and Norway spruce saplings by stem notching and investigated plant performance under drought and during post-drought recovery. Plant mortality, xylem hydraulic conductivity, leaf water status and stomatal conductance were measured. We observed no preferential mortality of top plant parts (above the notches) compared to basal plant parts (below the notches), and no consistent trend in hydraulic conductivity loss was observed between top and basal parts of dying plants. Stem hydraulic conductivity, water status of the needles and stomatal conductance changed similarly between the top and basal parts during drought and post-drought recovery, which indicated the substantial hydraulic overcapacity of the stems. The recovery of stomatal conductance demonstrated prominent hysteresis due to non-hydraulic stomatal limitations. The results obtained are highly important for modelling the influence of plant hydraulic impairment on plant performance under drought and during post-drought recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yury V Ivanov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Peltier DMP, Anderegg WRL, Guo JS, Ogle K. Contemporary tree growth shows altered climate memory. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2663-2674. [PMID: 36257775 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trees are long-lived organisms, exhibiting temporally complex growth arising from strong climatic "memory." But conditions are becoming increasingly arid in the western USA. Using a century-long tree-ring network, we find altered climate memory across the entire range of a widespread western US conifer: growth is supported by precipitation falling further into the past (+15 months), while increasingly impacted by more recent temperature conditions (-8 months). Tree-ring datasets can be biased, so we confirm altered climate memory in a second, ecologically-sampled tree-ring network. Predicted drought responses show trees may have also become more sensitive to repeat drought. Finally, plots near sites with relatively longer precipitation memory and shorter temperature memory had significantly lower recent mortality rates (R2 = 0.61). We argue that increased drought frequency has altered climate memory, demonstrate how non-stationarity may arise from failure to account for memory, and suggest memory length may be predictive of future tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M P Peltier
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jessica S Guo
- Arizona Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kiona Ogle
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.,School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber-Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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14
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Zlobin IE. Linking the growth patterns of coniferous species with their performance under climate aridization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154971. [PMID: 35367548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth is highly sensitive to water deficit. At the same time, growth processes substantially influence tree performance under water stress by changing the root-absorbing surface, leaf-transpiring surface, amount of conducting xylem, etc. Drought-induced growth suppression is often higher in conifers than in broadleaf species. This review is devoted to the relations between the growth of coniferous plants and their performance under increasing climate aridization in the temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere. For adult trees, available evidence suggests that increasing the frequency and severity of water deficit would be more detrimental to those plants that have higher growth in favorable conditions but decrease growth more prominently under water shortage, compared to trees whose growth is less sensitive to moisture availability. Not only the overall sensitivity of growth processes to water supply but also the asymmetry in response to lower-than-average and higher-than-average moisture conditions can be important for the performance of coniferous trees under upcoming adverse climate change. To fully understand the tree response under future climate change, the responses to both drier and wetter years need to be analyzed separately. In coniferous seedlings, more active growth is usually linked with better drought survival, although physiological reasons for such a link can be different. Growth stability under exacerbating summer water deficit in coniferous plants can be maintained by more active spring growth and/or by a bimodal growth pattern; each strategy has specific advantages and drawbacks. The optimal choice of growth strategy would be critical for future reforestation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia.
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15
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Morcillo L, Muñoz-Rengifo JC, Torres-Ruiz JM, Delzon S, Moutahir H, Vilagrosa A. Post-drought conditions and hydraulic dysfunction determine tree resilience and mortality across Mediterranean Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) populations after an extreme drought event. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1364-1376. [PMID: 35038335 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought-related tree mortality is a global phenomenon that currently affects a wide range of forests. Key functional variables on plant hydraulics, carbon economy, growth and allocation have been identified and play a role in tree drought responses. However, tree mortality thresholds based on such variables are difficult to identify, especially under field conditions. We studied several Aleppo pine populations differently affected by an extreme drought event in 2014, with mortality rates ranging from no mortality to 90% in the most severely affected population. We hypothesized that mortality is linked with high levels of xylem embolism, i.e., hydraulic dysfunction, which would also lead to lower tree resistance to drought in subsequent years. Despite not finding any differences among populations in the vulnerability curves to xylem embolism, there were large differences in the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) and the hydraulic dysfunction level. High mortality rates were associated with a negative HSM when xylem embolism reached values over 60%. We also found forest weakening and post-drought mortality related to a low hydraulic water transport capacity, reduced plant growth, low carbohydrate contents and high pest infestation rates. Our results highlight the importance of drought severity and the hydraulic dysfunction level on pine mortality, as well as post-drought conditions during recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morcillo
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - J C Muñoz-Rengifo
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Department of Earth Science, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - J M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - S Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac 33615, France
| | - H Moutahir
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - A Vilagrosa
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
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16
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Trugman AT. Integrating plant physiology and community ecology across scales through trait-based models to predict drought mortality. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:21-27. [PMID: 34679225 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forests are a critical carbon sink and widespread tree mortality resulting from climate-induced drought stress has the potential to alter forests from a carbon sink to a source, causing a positive feedback on climate change. Process-based vegetation models aim to represent the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing plant physiological and ecological responses to climate. Yet model accuracy varies across scales, and regional-scale model predictive skill is frequently poor when compared with observations of drought-driven mortality. I propose a framework that leverages differences in model predictive skill across spatial scales, mismatches between model predictions and observations, and differences in the mechanisms included and absent across models to advance the understanding of the physiological and ecological processes driving observed patterns drought-driven mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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17
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18
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Bradford JB, Shriver RK, Robles MD, McCauley LA, Woolley TJ, Andrews CA, Crimmins M, Bell DM. Tree mortality response to drought‐density interactions suggests opportunities to enhance drought resistance. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John. B. Bradford
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Robert K. Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno NV USA
| | - Marcos D. Robles
- Center for Science and Public Policy The Nature Conservancy Tucson AZ USA
| | - Lisa A. McCauley
- Center for Science and Public Policy The Nature Conservancy Tucson AZ USA
| | - Travis J. Woolley
- Center for Science and Public Policy The Nature Conservancy Tucson AZ USA
| | - Caitlin A. Andrews
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Michael Crimmins
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - David M. Bell
- Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Corvallis OR USA
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Kannenberg SA, Guo JS, Novick KA, Anderegg WRL, Feng X, Kennedy D, Konings AG, Martínez‐Vilalta J, Matheny AM. Opportunities, challenges and pitfalls in characterizing plant water‐use strategies. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica S. Guo
- Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- Arizona Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Kimberly A. Novick
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | | | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo‐Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Ashley M. Matheny
- Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas Austin TX USA
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20
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Relative density of United States forests has shifted to higher levels over last two decades with important implications for future dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18848. [PMID: 34552151 PMCID: PMC8458300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree size-density dynamics can inform key trends in forest productivity along with opportunities to increase ecosystem resiliency. Here, we employ a novel approach to estimate the relative density (RD, range 0–1) of any given forest based on its current size-density relationship compared to a hypothetical maximum using the coterminous US national forest inventory between 1999 and 2020. The analysis suggests a static forest land area in the US with less tree abundance but greatly increased timber volume and tree biomass. Coupled with these resource trends, an increase in RD was identified with 90% of US forest land now reaching a biologically-relevant threshold of canopy closure and/or self-thinning induced mortality (RD > 0.3), particularly in areas prone to future drought conditions (e.g., West Coast). Notably, the area of high RD stands (RD > 0.6) has quintupled over the past 20 years while the least stocked stands (RD < 0.3) have decreased 3%. The evidence from the coterminous US forest RD distribution suggest opportunities to increase live tree stocking in understocked stands, while using density management to address tree mortality and resilience to disturbances in increasingly dense forests.
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21
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Guillemot J, Asensio V, Bordron B, Nouvellon Y, le Maire G, Bouillet JP, Domec JC, Delgado Rojas JS, Abreu-Junior CH, Battie-Laclau P, Cornut I, Germon A, De Moraes Gonçalves JL, Robin A, Laclau JP. Increased hydraulic constraints in Eucalyptus plantations fertilized with potassium. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2938-2950. [PMID: 34033133 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is commonly used to increase growth in forest plantations, but it may also affect tree water relations and responses to drought. Here, we measured changes in biomass, transpiration, sapwood-to-leaf area ratio (As :Al ) and sap flow driving force (ΔΨ) during the 6-year rotation of tropical plantations of Eucalyptus grandis under controlled conditions for throughfall and potassium (K) fertilization. K fertilization increased final tree height by 8 m. Throughfall exclusion scarcely affected tree functioning because of deep soil water uptake. Tree growth increased in K-supplied plots and remained stable in K-depleted plots as tree height increased, while growth per unit leaf area increased in all plots. Stand transpiration and hydraulic conductance standardized per leaf area increased with height in K-depleted plots, but remained stable or decreased in K-supplied plots. Greater Al in K-supplied plots increased the hydraulic constraints on water use. This involved a direct mechanism through halved As :Al in K-supplied plots relative to K-depleted plots, and an indirect mechanism through deteriorated water status in K-supplied plots, which prevented the increase in ΔΨ with tree height. K fertilization in tropical plantations reduces the hydraulic compensation to growth, which could increase the risk of drought-induced dieback under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Verónica Asensio
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-CENA), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Edafotec SL, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bruno Bordron
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- NIPE, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouillet
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRAe-ISPA 1391, Gradignan, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan Sinforiano Delgado Rojas
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Battie-Laclau
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-CENA), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cornut
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Amandine Germon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Agnès Robin
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
- School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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22
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Flo V, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Granda V, Anderegg WRL, Poyatos R. Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water-use strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:617-630. [PMID: 33893652 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree water use is central to plant function and ecosystem fluxes. However, it is still unknown how organ-level water-relations traits are coordinated to determine whole-tree water-use strategies in response to drought, and whether this coordination depends on climate. Here we used a global sap flow database (SAPFLUXNET) to study the response of water use, in terms of whole-tree canopy conductance (G), to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and to soil water content (SWC) for 142 tree species. We investigated the individual and coordinated effect of six water-relations traits (vulnerability to embolism, Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, turgor-loss point, rooting depth and leaf size) on water-use parameters, also accounting for the effect of tree height and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP). Reference G and its sensitivity to VPD were tightly coordinated with water-relations traits rather than with MAP. Species with efficient xylem transport had higher canopy conductance but also higher sensitivity to VPD. Moreover, we found that angiosperms had higher reference G and higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms. Our results highlight the need to consider trait integration and reveal the complications and challenges of defining a single, whole-plant resource use spectrum ranging from 'acquisitive' to 'conservative'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Flo
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Victor Granda
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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Rowland L, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M. Hard times for high expectations from hydraulics: predicting drought-induced forest mortality at landscape scales remains a challenge. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1685-1687. [PMID: 33797779 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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