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Garner S, Barkus E, Kraeuter AK. Positive and negative schizotypy personality traits are lower in individuals on ketogenic diet in a non-clinical sample. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:423-432. [PMID: 38991418 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Schizotypal personality comprises traits such as odd beliefs, perceptual abnormalities, and social difficulties; these traits are distributed throughout the general population. While not meeting the clinical threshold for schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder, schizotypal personality traits still provide insights for understanding early clinical risk factors. Ketogenic diet reportedly reduces psychotic symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, we investigated whether ketogenic diet is associated with lower schizotypal traits in the general population. Participants following a ketogenic or other diet were recruited using opportunity sampling. Individuals completed a survey investigating general demographic, socioeconomic, health, diet and lifestyle questions, followed by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief Revised version (SPQ-BR). We found that individuals following a ketogenic diet (n = 118) had lower ideas of reference, magical thinking, suspiciousness, unusual perceptions, constricted affect, social anxiety scores, cognitive (positive) perceptual scores, interpersonal (negative) scores and total SPQ-BR compared to individuals on the other diets (n = 139). Magical thinking, constricted affect, social anxiety, cognitive perceptual, interpersonal scores and total SPQ-BR scores remained significant when we controlled for body mass index (BMI) and age. Disorganised features were not influenced by ketogenic diet. The longer individuals adhered to a ketogenic diet the lower their positive and negative schizotypy traits. These findings highlight that ketogenic diet is associated with lower non-clinical schizotypal personality traits. Our results suggest that ketogenic diet might have potential prophylactic properties for individuals at-risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Garner
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Barkus
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NUTRAN, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Szoke A, Pignon B, Godin O, Ferchiou A, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Schürhoff F. Multimorbidity and the Etiology of Schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:253-263. [PMID: 38625632 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A global study of multimorbidity in schizophrenia, especially of the association with physical conditions, might offer much needed etiological insights. RECENT FINDINGS Our review suggests that life-style factors and medication related to schizophrenia are only part of the explanation of the increase in risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary disorders, and some cancers. Positive associations with autoimmune disorders (with the exception of rheumatoid arthritis) and epilepsy are promising avenues of research but to date have not been fully exploited. The same holds for the negative comorbidity seen for rheumatoid arthritis and some cancers (e.g., prostate). As a whole, our review suggests that most of the explored conditions have a different prevalence in schizophrenia than in the general population. Several hypotheses emerged from this review such as the role of immune and genetic factors, of sex hormones, and of more general variability factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szoke
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - B Pignon
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France.
- DMU IMPACT Psychiatrie Et Addictologie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Pavillon Hartmann, 40, Rue de Mesly, 94000, Créteil, France.
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France.
| | - O Godin
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - A Ferchiou
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - R Tamouza
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - F Schürhoff
- UPEC, Univ Paris Est Creteil, 94000, Créteil, France
- Fondation Fondamental, 94000, Créteil, France
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Senra H, Gaglianone CG, McPherson S, Unterrainer H. Prevalence of personality disorders in adults with binge eating disorder-A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13669. [PMID: 38114201 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a complex mental health problem entailing high risk for obesity, overweight, and other psychiatric disorders. However, there is still unclear evidence of the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in BED patients. We conducted a systematic review and a Bayesian meta-analysis for studies examining the prevalence of any PD in adult BED patients. Data sources included PubMed, Cochrane library, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and Science Direct. A Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to estimate effect sizes for the prevalence of any PD in BED patients. Twenty eligible articles were examined with a total of 2945 BED patients. Borderline personality disorder and "Cluster C" PD, particularly obsessive-compulsive and avoidant PD, were the most frequent PD found in BED patients. BED diagnosis was associated with 28% probability of a comorbid diagnosis of any PD (0.279, 95%CrI: [0.22, 0.34]), with high levels of between-study heterogeneity (τ = 0.61, 95% CrI [0.40, 0.90]). Sensitivity analysis suggested effect sizes ranging from 0.27 to 0.28. The high comorbidity of PDs in BED patients draws attention to the potential complexity of BED clinical presentations, including those that might also be comorbid with obesity. Clinical practice should address this complexity to improve care for BED and obesity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Senra
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Catarina Gouveia Gaglianone
- School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan McPherson
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Human Unterrainer
- Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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Hastrup LH, Jennum P, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J, Simonsen E. Borderline personality disorder and the diagnostic co-occurrence of mental health disorders and somatic diseases: A controlled prospective national register-based study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:124-132. [PMID: 38072006 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information on borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its comorbidities is often limited to concentrate on a few diagnoses. The aim of the study was to use national register data to investigate all diagnostic co-occurring mental health disorders and somatic diseases 3 years before and after initial BPD diagnosis compared with a matched control group. METHOD The study was a register-based cohort of 2756 patients with incident BPD (ICD F60.3) and 11,024 matched controls, during 2002-2016. Comorbidity data were classified into main disease groups, in accordance with the World Health Organization ICD-10 criteria. RESULTS Almost half the patients had been diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders before the BPD diagnosis as compared to 3% in the control group. Further, the co-occurrence of diseases due to external causes of morbidity, including injury, self-harm, and poisoning were more represented in the BPD group before diagnosis as compared to the control group. In addition, co-occurring morbidity related to diseases in the circulatory, the respiratory, the digestive, the musculoskeletal, and the genitourinary system was more represented in the BPD group. After diagnosis, the proportion of patients with co-occurring morbidity increased further in all main disease groups in the BPD group. As many as 87% of patients had mental and behavioral co-occurring morbidity and 15% nervous diseases as compared with 3% and 4%, respectively, in the control group. Also, comorbidities related to external causes of morbidity, including for example, injury and self-harm were more represented in the BPD group. The BPD group had more somatic co-occurring morbidity, especially digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine diseases. Finally, the mortality over 12 years was statistically significantly higher in people with BPD than in the control group. CONCLUSION Patients with BPD have higher odds for multiple physical health conditions and co-occurrence of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Hastrup
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Health Economics (DaCHE), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Jennum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Neurophysiology Clinic, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Kjellberg
- Danish Center for Social Science Research (VIVE), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Simonsen
- Mental Health Service East, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Corrigan PW, Nieweglowski K, Qin S, Sheehan L, Puhl R, Talluri SS. Weight Self-Efficacy and Recovery Among African-Americans With Serious Mental Illness and High Body Weight. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:735-741. [PMID: 37581454 PMCID: PMC10593089 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many African-Americans with serious mental illness fail to engage in evidence-based programs that positively affect weight management. We examined how having a weight-related physical illness correlated with self-efficacy, recovery, and quality of life by contrasting illnesses with symptoms that are obviously perceived ( e.g. , sleep apnea and pain related to weight) versus those that are not ( e.g. , hypertension). African-Americans with serious mental illness who were overweight (body mass index ≥25) completed the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Recovery Assessment Scale, and Quality of Life Scale in this study assessing the impact of a program on weight and health. Silent weight-related physical disorders were not found to correlate with quality of life, recovery, or weight self-efficacy. Differences in recovery were found in people with versus without sleep apnea and weight-related pain. Findings suggest future directions for affirming approaches to promote engagement among African-Americans with serious mental illness in weight management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Corrigan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Lindsay Sheehan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Puhl
- University of Connecticut, Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Sai Snigdha Talluri
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, Illinois
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Asquith E, Bould K, Catling JC, Day EJ, Holt A. Behaviour regulation and the role of mental health in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 37700260 PMCID: PMC10496395 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in wealthy societies, and is responsible for a significant rise in liver morbidity and mortality. Current treatments prioritise lifestyle interventions, predominantly diet and exercise management, but patients frequently fail to make the necessary behavioural adjustments. The current study seeks to identify those factors which influence patients' behaviour with respect to adherence to treatment regimes. METHODS Novel areas of interest were investigated; locus of control, behavioural regulation and a range of mental health measures, due to their links to either poor lifestyle choices or abnormal eating as identified in previous literature. Data was gathered using self-report questionnaires, from 96 participants, who were split into three groups, NAFLD patients, non-NAFLD liver disease patients and healthy controls RESULTS: Data was analysed using a MANOVA, and followed up with a Tukey post-hoc test. Three factors were found to be significant by group; cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and SAPAS score (a measure of personality disorders). An association between personality disorders and NAFLD was identified. CONCLUSION It is suggested that NAFLD patients are screened for personality disorders and, if identified, treated prior to the commencement of diet and exercise management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Asquith
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Bould
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - J C Catling
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - E J Day
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Holt
- Liver Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Simon MS, Barton B, Zagler A, Engl K, Rihs L, Glocker C, Musil R. Lifestyle behaviors, metabolic disturbances, and weight gain in psychiatric inpatients treated with weight gain-associated medication. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01442-4. [PMID: 35778522 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric patients suffer from overweight/obesity and subsequent metabolic disturbances, where psychotropic medication is one of the main contributors. However, the magnitude of weight gain ranges individually, which leads to questioning the role of other contributors like lifestyle factors. The present study investigated several lifestyle factors among psychiatric inpatients, their relation to biological factors, and their predictive capability for weight gain during treatment. Using a naturalistic observational study design, psychiatric inpatients of all diagnoses were followed for 4 weeks from the start of treatment with weight gain-associated medication. N = 163 participants entered the study. Lifestyle factors were assessed by patient self-report questionnaires. Body weight change over time was calculated relative to baseline body weight. Our study provides three main findings: (1) Obesity and/or metabolic syndrome (metSy) were associated with emotional eating (disinhibition), craving for fast food and sweets, and weight cycling. (2) Patients without metSy and normal BMI experienced increased sweets craving (also for women), a more positive attitude towards drugs, and an improvement of affect (also for men). (3) Sex, presence of metSy and/or drug dosage interacted with disinhibition change, sweets craving change (trend), and fast food craving change to predict weight change over time. Furthermore, drug attitude change interacted with BMI, drug dosage, and presence of metSy to predict weight change. Lifestyle factors, especially eating behaviors, are related to metabolic disturbances and predict weight gain in interaction with clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Barbara Barton
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Zagler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Engl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonora Rihs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Glocker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Lipowska M, Lipowski M, Kosakowska-Berezecka N, Dykalska D, Łada-Maśko A, Izydorczyk B. Does obesity rule out happiness? Preschool children's perceptions of beauty-related happiness. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:339. [PMID: 35690742 PMCID: PMC9188036 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered to be one of the most important factors reducing the sense of happiness and satisfaction with life, especially among women. This belief already exists in middle childhood, as the preschool period is a crucial point in the development of attitudes towards beauty. Preschoolers can identify physically attractive individuals, and they might already form attributions regarding the looks of adults (especially women), which in turn may constitute a foundation for their future concept of beauty-related happiness. Children's attitudes towards the body are also strongly influenced by the content of gender stereotypes that prescribe and proscribe what women and men should look like. In our study, we aimed to analyse the relationship between associations of obesity and happiness made by preschool girls and boys (5-year-olds). METHODS A total of 680 families with five-year-old children (329 girls, 351 boys; Mage = 5.7 years) and both parents took part in the study. Children's associations of different types of body sizes with perceptions of happiness were measured with the Beauty & Health pictorial scale. RESULTS Our results indicate that obese bodies were seen as unattractive, independent of gender (p < .001). Children associated looks with happiness-the body type identified as the most physically attractive was also seen as a happiest person. Lowest happiness scores were also ascribed to obese body types, but girls assessed men with a normal body type as happier than boys (t = 2.87, p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Female bodies are already perceived along gender stereotypical lines at the age of 5, and are also related to potential predictions concerning women's happiness. Children assessed female individuals with slim bodies, as well as those with normal weight, as happier than obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lipowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Department of Psychology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Dykalska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ariadna Łada-Maśko
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
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Villano I, Ilardi CR, Arena S, Scuotto C, Gleijeses MG, Messina G, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Iavarone A, Chieffi S, La Marra M. Obese Subjects without Eating Disorders Experience Binge Episodes Also Independently of Emotional Eating and Personality Traits among University Students of Southern Italy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091145. [PMID: 34573166 PMCID: PMC8465169 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that obesity is a growing public clinical issue involving both physical and psychological well-being. Nevertheless, the relationship between psychological features and weight gain is still unclear. Although emotional eating (EE) and personality traits are considered significant predictors of eating disorders, their role in obesity without eating disorders (OB-wed) is far from proven. The present study aimed at investigating the cumulative effect of EE and personality traits on overeating behavior in a sample of 266 university students (169 female; mean age = 21.85, SD = 2.39) stratified based on their body mass index (BMI; normal weight, overweight, obese). They were enrolled during free screening days promoted by the Human Dietetic and Sport Service of a Southern Italian university. The results show a psychological pattern of increasing overeating behavior and lower Self-Directedness combined with higher Sadness and Anger. However, OB-wed subjects overate regardless of this emotional/personological configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Stefania Arena
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Scuotto
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Maria Gloria Gleijeses
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
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10
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Mazurkiewicz N, Lipowski M, Krefta J, Lipowska M. "Better If They Laugh with Me than at Me": The Role of Humor in Coping with Obesity-Related Stigma in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157974. [PMID: 34360266 PMCID: PMC8345701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of perceived stigmatization in the relationship between humor styles and coping with stress among young women suffering from stigma due to obesity. In the 21st century, obesity is an increasing global health issue with many physical and mental consequences for obese women. As a chronic stigmatizing disease, it requires that the affected individuals cope with social consequences; women with obesity are more prone to such consequences than men. Humor fosters the breaking of stereotypes and alleviating the consequences of stigmatization. A total of 127 young adult women (age M = 25.74, SD = 2.73) participated in the study (n = 54 with overfat and n = 73 with healthy fat). Participants filled out the Humor Styles Questionnaire, Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire, and the Brief COPE Scale. Anthropometric data were gathered using a body composition analyzer. Results indicate that, when perceiving hostile behaviors toward themselves and using humor as a coping strategy, women with overfat select maladaptive styles of humor (i.e., self-defeating and aggressive styles). Women with overfat were also more likely to use humor as a coping strategy in difficult situations. Furthermore, none of the participants were satisfied with their body mass. At the same time, among women without obesity, a lack of compliments was not treated as a problem, even if they had high body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Department of Psychology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Krefta
- Creative Code Studio—Jarosław Krefta, 81-602 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Lipowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Frausto-González O, Bautista CJ, Narváez-González F, Hernandez-Leon A, Estrada-Camarena E, Rivero-Cruz F, González-Trujano ME. Bertholletia excelsa Seeds Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior, Lipids, and Overweight in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113212. [PMID: 34072024 PMCID: PMC8198383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and psychiatric disorders are serious health problems. To evidence the anxiolytic-like effects and lipid reduction in mice receiving a high-calorie diet and Bertholletia excelsa seeds in a nonpolar extract (SBHX, 30 and 300 mg/kg), animals were assessed in open-field, hole-board, and elevated plus-maze tests. SBHX (3 and 10 mg/kg) potentiated the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Chronic administration of SBHX for 40 days was given to mice fed with a hypercaloric diet to determine the relationship between water and food intake vs. changes in body weight. Testes, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver were dissected to analyze fat content, triglycerides, cholesterol, and histological effects after administering the hypercaloric diet and SBHX. Fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (0.14%), palmitic acid (21.42%), linoleic acid (11.02%), oleic acid (59.97%), and stearic acid (7.44%), were identified as constituents of SBHX, producing significant anxiolytic-like effects and preventing body-weight gain in mice receiving the hypercaloric diet without altering their water or food consumption. There was also a lipid-lowering effect on the testicular tissue and eWAT and a reduction of adipocyte area in eWAT. Our data evidence beneficial properties of B. excelsa seeds influencing global health concerns such as obesity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Frausto-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Narváez-González
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional “Gral. Ignacio Zaragoza”, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza 1711, Ejército Constitucionalista, Chinam Pac de Juárez, Iztapalapa, 09220 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
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12
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Mood disorders comorbidity in obese bariatric patients: the role of the emotional dysregulation. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:46-52. [PMID: 33038699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients seeking bariatric surgery are known to show high rates of mental disorders, mainly mood and eating disorders. The aim of the present study is to evaluate psychiatric comorbidities, affective temperamental dimensions, emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in a sample of obese bariatric patients, exploring the differences between obese patients with and without mood disorders (MD). METHODS A total of 69 obese patients were consecutively enrolled between March and November 2019 during the presurgical evaluation routinely performed before the bariatric intervention. Sociodemographic and clinical features were collected by psychiatrists during a single consultation. Affective temperaments, emotional dysregulation and impulsivity were also investigated through self-report questionnaires. Epidemiological and clinical variables were compared between patients with and without MD. RESULTS In our sample, almost 3 out of 4 patients presented a lifetime psychiatric disorder, mainly MD (n=33, 48%), binge eating disorder (BED) (n=34, 49%) and anxiety disorders (n=30, 43%). Compared to N-MD patients, those with MD showed higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity with BED, bulimia and panic disorder. In addition, obese patients with MD showed more frequently cyclothymic, depressive and anxious temperaments, and higher mean scores on the psychometric questionnaires assessing emotional dysregulation and impulsivity compared to obese subjects without MD. LIMITATIONS the small sample size, the retrospectively assessment of psychiatric disorders and the self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of obese patients, especially among those with MD, show high emotional dysregulation, affective lability and impulsiveness that could represent suitable substrates for the development of compulsive and addictive eating habits.
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Buratta L, Pazzagli C, Delvecchio E, Cenci G, Germani A, Mazzeschi C. Personality Features in Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 11:530425. [PMID: 33519568 PMCID: PMC7840523 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.530425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread and broadly consequential health condition associated with numerous medical complications that could increase mortality rates. As personality concerned individual's patterns of feeling, behavior, and thinking, it may help in understanding how people with obesity differ from people with normal-weight status in their typical weight-relevant behavior. So far, studies about personality and BMI associations have mainly focused on broad personality traits. The main purpose of this study was to explore the personality and health associations among a clinical group composed of 46 outpatients with overweight/obesity (mean age = 55.83; SD = 12.84) in comparison to a healthy control group that included 46 subjects (mean age = 54.96; SD = 12.60). Both the clinical and control groups were composed of 14 males and 32 females. Several personality and psychopathological aspects were assessed with the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The results of the analysis of variance of aligned rank transformed (ART) showed that patients with overweight/obesity reported higher scores for Somatic Complaints, Depression, and Borderline Features than the control group. Logistic regression highlighted specifically that the subscales of the Borderline Features assessing the Negative Relationship contributed to the increased risk of belonging to the clinical group. For the purpose of this study, the role of gender was considered. The present findings highlight the importance of focusing on assessing personality functioning in the health context and on specific characteristics of interpersonal relationships to promote more tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Buratta
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria (CURIAMO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pazzagli
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria (CURIAMO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Cenci
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Germani
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria (CURIAMO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Measuring perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety: Cross-national study in emerging adults from eight countries. Body Image 2020; 35:265-278. [PMID: 33126133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the measurement invariance of selected self-report measures of perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem and social anxiety in samples of emerging adults from eight different countries. Participants (N = 6272) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, the 5-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (5-item RSES) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS-6). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was run to examine cross-measure equivalence. Evidence for structural invariance was found for all questionnaires, while weak invariance was supported only for the 5-item RSES and the SIAS-6, and a partial weak invariance was found for the MPS and the UPPS-P. No measure achieved strong invariance. Strict invariance was achieved for the 5-item RSES, whereas only a partial strict invariance was supported for the MPS, UPPS-P and SIAS-6. These results suggest that perfectionism, impulsivity, self-esteem, and social anxiety are subjected to linguistic/cultural influence as well as to the effects of socio-demographic variables and can be evaluated by using the selected measures in eight different countries worldwide - but results should be interpreted with caution.
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Reprint of: Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 447:191-215. [PMID: 33046217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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16
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Robitzsch A, Schweda A, Hetkamp M, Niedergethmann M, Dörrie N, Herpertz S, Hasenberg T, Tagay S, Teufel M, Skoda EM. The Impact of Psychological Resources on Body Mass Index in Obesity Surgery Candidates. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:649. [PMID: 32754062 PMCID: PMC7365886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity surgery is the therapy of choice for severely obese patients. The results are promising, but at the same time obesity surgery represents a physical and psychological challenge for patients and care givers. In order to give psychosocial support adequately, more knowledge of effects of psychological profiles is required. Research is often deficit and symptom oriented. Psychological resources (competences) of individuals are often neglected. However, after surgery patients have to cope with the altered anatomic condition and therefore psychological resources are essential for a successful development and my influence also the surgical outcome. The interplay of eating behavior, depression, and psychological resources and their influence on weight are yet undetermined. METHODS A cross-sectional study in consecutive obesity surgery candidates was performed. One hundred twenty-seven participants were included (90 female, 37 male; mean BMI 49.85 kg/m²; range 36.7-84.2 kg/m²). After conducting semi-structured clinical interviews psychological resources, depression and eating behavior were assessed via three questionnaires: Essener Ressourcen-Inventar (ERI), Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-d), and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). To evaluate the influence of psychological resources on BMI mediation models and path analyses were performed. RESULTS Psychological resources do not influence BMI directly. Path analyses revealed depression as well as depression/eating behavior as mediating dimension. A first path showed that higher psychological resources are associated with less depressive symptoms and lower BMI. On the other side, a second path showed that higher psychological resources are related to less depression and by means of more conscious and controlled eating behavior to a lower BMI. CONCLUSION Psychological resources seem to be relevant in the context of obesity surgery. Good psychological resources show plausible associations with less depression and a more adequate eating behavior. The evaluation of psychological resources in obesity surgery candidates allows the identification of patients at risk. Competences of patients should be addressed in the context of surgery. Our findings build a foundation for a more individualized supportive treatment for obesity surgery candidates. Improving impaired psychological resources may help in the coping process after surgery and is supposed to lead to an even higher weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Robitzsch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adam Schweda
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Hetkamp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Nora Dörrie
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Till Hasenberg
- Helios Obestiy Center West, Helios St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, Witten/Herdecke University, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sefik Tagay
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Technical University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 437:215-239. [PMID: 32360593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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18
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Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a critical transition point for body weight. Personality traits are associated consistently with weight and obesity risk in adulthood. We examined whether personality, particularly Conscientiousness (the tendency to be organized, disciplined, and responsible), is associated with weight outcomes between ages 13 and 17. Methods: Data are drawn from the Growing Up in Ireland suites of studies. Parents rated their child's personality at age 13, and trained staff measured weight and height at ages 13 and 17 (N = 4962). Logistic regression was used to predict risk of incident obesity and obesity remission between ages 13 and 17. Results: Among children who were not in the obesity category at age 13, higher Conscientiousness was associated with lower risk of moving into the obesity category by age 17, and, among children with obesity at age 13, Conscientiousness was associated with greater likelihood of moving to the nonobesity category by age 17. These associations were independent of sociodemographic characteristics, parent body mass index, and were similar across gender. The other five-factor model personality traits were unrelated to weight outcomes. Conclusions: Conscientiousness is one trait psychological factor implicated in weight transitions across a critical period during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL.,Address correspondence to: Angelina R. Sutin, PhD, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL
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19
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Fonseca NKDOD, Molle RD, Costa MDA, Gonçalves FG, Silva AC, Rodrigues Y, Price M, Silveira PP, Manfro GG. Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:382-388. [PMID: 32074229 PMCID: PMC7430399 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Eating behavior is affected by psychological and neurocognitive factors. However, little is known about this relationship in anxious patients. Our aim was to investigate the associations between impulsivity, inhibitory control, energy-dense food consumption, and body mass index (BMI) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 adult females with GAD answered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and participated in a go/no-go task using food images. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated. A food frequency questionnaire and a snack test were used to study eating behavior. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the variables of interest, adjusted by age. Results: Impulsivity predicted intake of sugar (p = 0.016, 95%CI 0.67-6.05), total fat (p = 0.007, 95%CI 0.62-3.71), and saturated fat (p = 0.004, 95%CI 0.30-1.48). The snack test showed a positive correlation between presence of impulsivity and intake of biscuits (R = 0.296; p = 0.051). Response inhibition to food images in the go/no-go task paradigm did not predict BMI or food intake. Conclusion: Impulsivity was predictive of higher sugar and saturated fat intake in women diagnosed with GAD. Our findings add to the literature regarding the association between neuropsychological factors and food consumption in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kim de O da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta D Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianna de A Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francine G Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alice C Silva
- Graduação em Nutrição, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Menna Price
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Patrícia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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20
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Barroilhet SA, Bieling AE, McCoy TH, Perlis RH. Association between DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality dimensional traits in a general medical cohort and readmission and mortality. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 64:63-67. [PMID: 32247933 PMCID: PMC9945433 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality has long been studied as a factor associated with health outcomes. Investigations of large, generalizable clinical cohorts are limited by variations in personality diagnostic methodologies and difficulties with long-term follow-up. METHODS Electronic health records of a cohort of patients admitted to a general hospital were characterized using a previously developed natural language processing tool for extracting DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality domains. We used Cox regression and Fine-Gray competing risk survival to analyze the relationships between these personality estimates, sociodemographic features, and risk of readmission and mortality. RESULTS Among 12,274 patients, 2379 deaths occurred in the course of 61,761 patient-years at risk, with 19,985 admissions during follow-up. Detachment was the most common personality feature. Presence of disinhibition was independently associated with a higher mortality risk, while anankastic traits were associated with a lower mortality risk. Increased likelihood of readmission was predicted by detachment, while decreased likelihood of readmission was associated with disinhibition and psychoticism traits. CONCLUSIONS Personality features can be identified from electronic health records and are associated with readmission and mortality risk. Developing treatment strategies that target patients with higher personality symptom burden in specific dimensions could enable more efficient and focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Barroilhet
- Center for Quantitative Health, Division of Clinical Research and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,University Psychiatric Clinic, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra E. Bieling
- Center for Quantitative Health, Division of Clinical Research and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H. McCoy
- Center for Quantitative Health, Division of Clinical Research and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy H. Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Division of Clinical Research and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Relationship between psychological stress and metabolism in morbidly obese individuals. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 132:139-149. [PMID: 31820100 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for a bidirectional relationship between obesity and stress-related mental disorders, the general relationship between psychological stress and metabolism is still controversial. Only few studies have addressed this relationship in morbidly obese individuals. METHODS The present study investigated the relationship between psychological distress, health-related quality of life (HRQL), eating behavior, negative emotions and body mass index (BMI), body composition and biomedical parameters of metabolism in an adult sample of 123 (94 females) morbidly obese individuals. RESULTS No significant relationship was found between psychological distress and BMI, body composition or any of the parameters of metabolism; however, there was a strong and robust association between HRQL in the physical domain and BMI, body composition and several biomedical parameters of sugar and fat metabolism. The results also showed an interesting dissociation in the relationship between BMI and HRQL in the physical and psychology domains. Only little evidence was found for a relationship between eating behavior (e.g. restraint) or negative emotions (e.g. anger) and BMI, body composition and parameters of metabolism. There was, however, a significant gender difference in restraint eating. Other commonly reported gender differences in BMI, body composition, fat metabolism and liver values were also observed in this sample of morbidly obese individuals. CONCLUSION Results from the present study highlight the relationship between HRQL in the physical domain and metabolism. Implications of these findings for weight loss treatment are discussed, emphasizing HRQL as an important treatment goal and the need for long-term psychological monitoring.
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22
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Pilkonis PA, Lawrence SM, Johnston KL, Dodds NE. Screening for Personality Disorders: A Three-Item Screener From the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-3). J Pers Disord 2019; 33:832-845. [PMID: 30650003 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To encourage screening for personality disorders (PDs), we developed (in previous work) self-report scales for PDs using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). The combined score from three of the scales-inter-personal sensitivity, interpersonal ambivalence, and aggression-requiring 15 items (IIP-15) did the best job of distinguishing between respondents with any versus no PD. The goals for the present work were (a) to cross-validate the IIP-15 by examining its performance using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses in a new sample (N = 410), and (b) to investigate the utility of a brief three-item variant (IIP-3). The present results again documented the good operating characteristics of the IIP-15. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were all above. 70. The operating characteristics of the IIP-3 were nearly as good despite its brevity and support its use as an initial screen for PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne M Lawrence
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly L Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan E Dodds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chyurlia L, Tasca GA, Bissada H. An Integrative Approach to Clinical Decision-Making for Treating Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2573. [PMID: 31824375 PMCID: PMC6881374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transtheoretical integrative decision-making models help clinicians to use patient factors that are known to predict outcomes in order to inform individualized treatment. Patient factors with a strong evidence base include: functional impairment, social support and interpersonal functioning, complexity and comorbidity, coping style, level of resistance, and level of subjective distress. Among those with binge-eating disorder (BED), patient factors have not been extensively characterized relative to norms or other clinical samples. We used an integrative decision-making model of these six patient factor domains related to patient outcomes to characterize a sample of 424 adults seeking treatment for BED. Data were from medical charts, a demographics questionnaire, and validated psychometric scales. We then compared these data to published data from normative and other eating disorder (ED) samples. Results showed that the average patient with BED: (1) was significantly more functionally impaired compared to non-clinical norms but somewhat less impaired than other patients with ED, (2) demonstrated clinically significant problems in social support and interpersonal functioning, (3) presented with complex comorbid pathology and high levels of chronicity, (4) used a more internalizing coping style compared to the norm and other ED samples, (5) had low levels of resistance to interventions, and (6) experienced a moderately high level of subjective distress indicating good motivation for treatment. Corresponding recommendations to these findings are that the average patient with BED should be provided higher intensity treatment that is longer in duration, interpersonally focused, directive in nature, and emphasizing self-reflection and insight. Despite the nomothetic nature of the findings, clinicians are encouraged to assess these patient domains when developing an ideographic case conceptualization and to tailor precision treatment to the individual patient with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Chyurlia
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giorgio A Tasca
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hany Bissada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Vainik U, Misic B, Zeighami Y, Michaud A, Mõttus R, Dagher A. Obesity has limited behavioural overlap with addiction and psychiatric phenotypes. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 4:27-35. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Preuss H, Leister L, Pinnow M, Legenbauer T. Inhibitory control pathway to disinhibited eating: A matter of perspective? Appetite 2019; 141:104297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Wall M, Cave NJ, Vallee E. Owner and Cat-Related Risk Factors for Feline Overweight or Obesity. Front Vet Sci 2019. [PMID: 31482097 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00266.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline obesity is a highly prevalent disease that poses an urgent and serious challenge. Attempted treatment by weight reduction is often unsuccessful; a new preventative approach that focuses on the role of the owner may be helpful. This study used data collected from an international survey of cat owners designed to assess owner personality and self-control, owner-pet attachment, feeding practices, and the cat's body condition. Owner-reported body condition scores (BCS) of cats were assessed using images adapted from a 5-point BCS system and categorized as a binary dependent variable: overweight/obese (BCS 4-5) and not overweight (BCS 1-3). Owner-reported BCS scores using a verbal BCS scale were also used as a binary dependent variable. Of the 6,835 respondents, 30.5% described their cat as overweight/obese using the visual BCS scale, and 32.5% using the verbal scale. Multivariable logistic regression models were built using stepwise-backward selection. A total of 8 variables were significant using the visual score as the dependent variable, while 11 variables were significant using the verbal score as the dependent variable (p < 0.05). Low owner conscientiousness was associated with an increased risk of feline overweight/obesity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.38), whereas preference for delayed reward was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.96). Contrary to expectation, indulgent (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.53-0.91) and inconsistent (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.93) feeding practices appeared protective. Other significant variables (p < 0.05) included cat-related factors (age, gender, housing, source) and management-related factors (dry diet, supermarket dry diet, raw diet, stealing, hunting, and measuring food with a scoop). A third multivariable analysis was performed, using results from cats classified as overweight/obese using both scoring methods, compared with cats classified as a healthy weight using both scoring methods. A total of 10 variables were found to be significant (p < 0.05). There was significant overlap of results from all three analyses. The results of this study indicate that feline obesity is a complex problem, with many contributing risk factors. It is essential to recognize the importance of owner characteristics, and that the prevention of obesity in cats may require the development of a range of interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Wall
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick John Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emilie Vallee
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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27
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Abstract
Background: Inconsistent evidence exists regarding the strength, direction, and moderators in the relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders. Aim: This study aims to summarize the evidence on the association between psychiatric illness and obesity with particular attention to the strength and direction of association and also the possible moderators in each postulated link. Materials and Methods: Systematic electronic searches of MEDLINE through PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were carried out from inception till October 2016. Generated abstracts were screened for eligibility to be included in the review. Study designs that evaluated the strength of relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders were included in the study. Quality assessment of included studies was done using the Newcastle–Ottawa checklist tool. Results: From a total of 2424 search results, 21 eligible articles were identified and reviewed. These included studies on obesity and depression (n = 15), obesity and anxiety (four) and one each on obesity and personality disorders, eating disorder (ED), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and alcohol use. Maximal evidence existed for the association between depression and obesity with longitudinal studies demonstrating a bidirectional link between the two conditions. The odds ratios (ORs) were similar for developing depression in obesity (OR: 1.21–5.8) and vice versa (OR: 1.18–3.76) with a stronger association observed in women. For anxiety disorders, evidence was mostly cross-sectional, and associations were of modest magnitude (OR: 1.27–1.40). Among other disorders, obesity, and EDs appear to have a close link (OR: 4.5). Alcohol use appears to be a risk factor for obesity and not vice versa but only among women (OR: 3.84). Conclusion: Obesity and depression have a significant and bidirectional association. Evidence is modest for anxiety disorders and inadequate for other psychiatric conditions. Gender appears to be an important mediator in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - V Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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28
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Wall M, Cave NJ, Vallee E. Owner and Cat-Related Risk Factors for Feline Overweight or Obesity. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:266. [PMID: 31482097 PMCID: PMC6709657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline obesity is a highly prevalent disease that poses an urgent and serious challenge. Attempted treatment by weight reduction is often unsuccessful; a new preventative approach that focuses on the role of the owner may be helpful. This study used data collected from an international survey of cat owners designed to assess owner personality and self-control, owner-pet attachment, feeding practices, and the cat's body condition. Owner-reported body condition scores (BCS) of cats were assessed using images adapted from a 5-point BCS system and categorized as a binary dependent variable: overweight/obese (BCS 4-5) and not overweight (BCS 1-3). Owner-reported BCS scores using a verbal BCS scale were also used as a binary dependent variable. Of the 6,835 respondents, 30.5% described their cat as overweight/obese using the visual BCS scale, and 32.5% using the verbal scale. Multivariable logistic regression models were built using stepwise-backward selection. A total of 8 variables were significant using the visual score as the dependent variable, while 11 variables were significant using the verbal score as the dependent variable (p < 0.05). Low owner conscientiousness was associated with an increased risk of feline overweight/obesity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.38), whereas preference for delayed reward was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.96). Contrary to expectation, indulgent (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.53-0.91) and inconsistent (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.93) feeding practices appeared protective. Other significant variables (p < 0.05) included cat-related factors (age, gender, housing, source) and management-related factors (dry diet, supermarket dry diet, raw diet, stealing, hunting, and measuring food with a scoop). A third multivariable analysis was performed, using results from cats classified as overweight/obese using both scoring methods, compared with cats classified as a healthy weight using both scoring methods. A total of 10 variables were found to be significant (p < 0.05). There was significant overlap of results from all three analyses. The results of this study indicate that feline obesity is a complex problem, with many contributing risk factors. It is essential to recognize the importance of owner characteristics, and that the prevention of obesity in cats may require the development of a range of interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Wall
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick John Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emilie Vallee
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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29
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Firth J, Siddiqi N, Koyanagi A, Siskind D, Rosenbaum S, Galletly C, Allan S, Caneo C, Carney R, Carvalho AF, Chatterton ML, Correll CU, Curtis J, Gaughran F, Heald A, Hoare E, Jackson SE, Kisely S, Lovell K, Maj M, McGorry PD, Mihalopoulos C, Myles H, O'Donoghue B, Pillinger T, Sarris J, Schuch FB, Shiers D, Smith L, Solmi M, Suetani S, Taylor J, Teasdale SB, Thornicroft G, Torous J, Usherwood T, Vancampfort D, Veronese N, Ward PB, Yung AR, Killackey E, Stubbs B. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:675-712. [PMID: 31324560 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK; Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Ramsay Health Care Mental Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Constanza Caneo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebekah Carney
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackie Curtis
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Heald
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Erin Hoare
- Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Myles
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Pillinger
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - David Shiers
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department and Padua Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shuichi Suetani
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna Taylor
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Fok MLY, Chang CK, Broadbent M, Stewart R, Moran P. General hospital admission rates in people diagnosed with personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:248-255. [PMID: 30689214 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of all-cause general hospital admissions for individuals with personality disorder (PD) in a large clinical population using linked secondary mental healthcare and hospitalisation data. METHOD A retrospective cohort study, using anonymised electronic mental health records from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics in England. People with PD aged 15 years or older, receiving care within SLaM between April 2007 and March 2013, were identified and compared to residents from the local catchment area. Standardised admission ratios (SARs) were calculated for all major categories of causes of general hospital admission for this defined group, with local residents in 2011 UK Census as the standard population. RESULTS For the 7677 people identified with PD, SAR for all causes of admission was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.70, 2.81). Both men and women with PD had increased SARs across multiple ICD-10 categories, including circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and musculoskeletal system disorders and endocrine, blood and infectious disorders. Sensitivity analysis (removing the impact of repeated admissions by same individual for same diagnosis in the same year) yielded similar findings. CONCLUSIONS By comparison with members of the general population, individuals with a diagnosis of personality disorder are at significantly higher risk of hospital admission resulting from a wide range of physical health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L-Y Fok
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK
| | - C-K Chang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK.,Department of Health and Welfare, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - M Broadbent
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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31
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Psychosomatic and Psychosocial Questions Regarding Bariatric Surgery: What Do We Know, or What Do We Think We Know? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 63:344-369. [PMID: 29214946 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2017.63.4.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SUBJECT In view of the epidemic increase in severe obesity and the ineffectiveness of conservative weight-loss interventions, bariatric surgery delivers compelling results for patients with class II (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²) and class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²), not only in reducing weight over the long term, but also in reducing obesity-related somatic comorbidity and improving psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Investigations into the psychosocial aspects of obesity surgery have proliferated over the last 15 years, providing a huge amount of essential research data. Yet the results are partly contradictory and highly dependent on the duration of follow-up. METHODS Based of a narrative review, this article provides an overview of the current status and recent developments of the reciprocal effects between bariatric surgery and psychosocial functioning. The review focused on eight domains representing important psychosomatic and psychosocial aspects of bariatric surgery. RESULTS Especially in cases of class II and III obesity, bariatric surgery is the only means to reduce bodyweight significantly and permanently, though they carry with them the associated risk factors of metabolic, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases.With regard to psychosocial and psychosomatic aspects, studies with a short-term catamnesis (approx. 3 years) speak in favor of an improvement in the quality of life including mental disorders. If we consider studies with longer follow-ups, however, the results are not as uniform. In particular, we observe an increase in harmful alcohol consumption, self-harm behavior, and suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS In light of mental well-being and thus also quality of life, bariatric surgery would appear to convey an elevated risk for a minority of patients.Yet identifying these patients before surgery has so far been insufficient.
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Amianto F, Spalatro AV, Rainis M, Andriulli C, Lavagnino L, Abbate-Daga G, Fassino S. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder: Personality and psychopathology correlates in adulthood. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:692-699. [PMID: 30273894 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The link between childhood traumatic experiences such as sexual and physical abuse and EDs in adulthood has been widely demonstrated. To date, however, little research focused on the association between emotional abuse and neglect in childhood and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and obesity in adulthood. We enrolled 127 patients [84 with BED and 43 obese] and 45 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were administered the same battery of psychometric tests. Between-group differences were explored and the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect in childhood and personality and psychopathology in adulthood was tested. Obese patients showed higher scores in emotional abuse and neglect and sexual abuse when compared to HCs. Within obese participants, those with BED reported higher emotional abuse and emotional neglect than obese without BED and HCs; the BED group differed in physical and sexual abuse from obese participants. The association between traumatic experiences in childhood and obesity in adulthood has been confirmed independently of the type of trauma. Therapists should take into account the traumatic etiology of BED, in particular psychological abuse, even in those patients who do not recall physical or sexual abuses. Specific techniques to approach traumatic experiences could be applied to BED or non-BED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Amianto
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy.
| | - Angela Valentina Spalatro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Miriam Rainis
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Carla Andriulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Luca Lavagnino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
| | - Secondo Fassino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Centre, University of Turin, Turin 10135, Italy
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33
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Personality traits associated with eating disorders and obesity in young Argentineans. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:571-579. [PMID: 30043159 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have been conducted on Latin American population to explore how facets of personality, eating disorders, and obesity are related. The main purpose of this study was to explore the personality traits among patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (n = 23), bulimia nervosa (n = 32), and obesity (n = 16), in comparison to control group (n = 82). METHODS A total of 153 individuals participated in the study, 125 were female (81.7%) and 28 were male (18.3%). Participants' ages ranged between 18 and 37 years (mean 24.21, SD 4.84) and they were all native Spanish speakers, living in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and the IPIP-NEO Personality Inventory. RESULTS In this study, the subjects diagnosed with anorexia in comparison to control group showed high and significant scores in neuroticism and openness to experience and low scores on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion. For their part, the subjects diagnosed with bulimia, in comparison to the control group, had higher and significant scores on neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Lastly, the patients with obesity in comparison to the control group presented high and significant scores on neuroticism and low and significant scores on agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from this study support previous research devoted to the study of eating disorders and obesity. This situation favors the valid and relevant nature of the study of personality traits as factors that contribute to explaining behavior disorders associated with eating pathologies. This is a preliminary and necessary step for future research to examine the risky combination of personality traits and anorexia, bulimia, and obesity in the local context using a larger and more generalized sample.
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Personality and eating and weight disorders: an open research challenge. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:143-147. [PMID: 29177759 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Alhalel N, Schueller SM, O'Brien MJ. Association of changes in mental health with weight loss during intensive lifestyle intervention: does the timing matter? Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:153-158. [PMID: 29670753 PMCID: PMC5893461 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined changes in mental health symptoms and weight during weight loss treatment. It was hypothesized that worsening mental health would negatively impact weight loss. Methods Data were analyzed from a trial of 92 Hispanic women with overweight/obesity and prediabetes, who were randomized to receive intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), metformin 1,700 mg daily, or standard care. Depression, anxiety and perceived stress were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 months. Six‐ and 12‐month weight change was compared among participants whose symptom scores worsened on any mental health measure (W) vs. improved or remained stable on all three (I/S). Results Among ILI participants, the 12‐month difference in weight loss between I/S and W groups was statistically significant: −5.1 kg (P = 0.001). From baseline to 6 months, ILI participants in I/S and W groups experienced comparable weight loss. However, from 6 to 12 months, W participants regained weight, whereas I/S participants experienced continued weight loss. In the metformin and standard care arms, there was no weight difference between I/S and W groups. Conclusions In ILI, 12‐month improvement or stability in mental health was significantly associated with weight loss. Weight trajectories between I/S and W groups diverged at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alhalel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - S M Schueller
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA.,Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - M J O'Brien
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA.,Center for Community Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
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Minnick AM, Cachelin FM, Durvasula R. Personality Disorders and Psychological Functioning Among Latina Women with Eating Disorders. Behav Med 2017; 43:200-207. [PMID: 28767016 PMCID: PMC6105924 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2016.1276429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about personality disorders (PD) and comorbidities among Latinas with eating disorders (ED). The dysregulation and chronicity of PDs can complicate and augment the symptomatology of EDs. This set of analyses provides a preliminary examination of PD and psychopathology in a sample of Latina women with ED. Participants (N = 34) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Eating Disorders Examination, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III to assess personality pathology, and questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory-II and Brief Symptom Inventory) to assess psychological functioning. Results indicated the most common clinically significant trait in the sample was depressive personality (50% of the sample had a score of 75 or higher on this trait). For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), avoidant (41%) and depressive (65%) personalities, respectively, were the most common clinically significant traits. Anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, and 52.9% of the sample reported both clinically significant PD traits and other major psychopathology. There were no significant differences between the BED and BN groups on prevalence of PD traits and psychopathology. This pilot study highlights the need for further examination of PD and psychopathology in Latinas with ED. Unlike previous research with White women, we found no differences on PD and psychopathology between BED and BN, and the most prevalent PDs among Latinas were different than White women. Personality and psychological functioning should be assessed in all patients with ED, with ongoing research focused on identifying patterns in understudied groups such as Latinas, a practice that may improve treatment for this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Minnick
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Health Psychology Ph.D. Program
| | - Fary M. Cachelin
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Health Psychology Ph.D. Program
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