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Park J, Liu R, Kim AS, Cyr NN, Boehlein SK, Resende MFR, Savin DA, Bailey LS, Sumerlin BS, Hudalla GA. Sweet corn phytoglycogen dendrimers as a lyoprotectant for dry-state protein storage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38856491 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein biotherapeutics typically require expensive cold-chain storage to maintain their fold and function. Packaging proteins in the dry state via lyophilization can reduce these cold-chain requirements. However, formulating proteins for lyophilization often requires extensive optimization of excipients that both maintain the protein folded state during freezing and drying (i.e., "cryoprotection" and "lyoprotection"), and form a cake to carry the dehydrated protein. Here we show that sweet corn phytoglycogens, which are glucose dendrimers, can act as both a protein lyoprotectant and a cake-forming agent. Phytoglycogen (PG) dendrimers from 16 different maize sources (PG1-16) were extracted via ethanol precipitation. PG size was generally consistent at ~70-100 nm for all variants, whereas the colloidal stability in water, protein contaminant level, and maximum density of cytocompatibility varied for PG1-16. 10 mg/mL PG1, 2, 9, 13, 15, and 16 maintained the activity of various proteins, including green fluorescent protein, lysozyme, β-galactosidase, and horseradish peroxidase, over a broad range of concentrations, through multiple rounds of lyophilization. PG13 was identified as the lead excipient candidate as it demonstrated narrow dispersity, colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline, low protein contaminants, and cytocompatibility up to 10 mg/mL in NIH3T3 cell cultures. All dry protein-PG13 mixtures had a cake-like appearance and all frozen protein-PG13 mixtures had a Tg' of ~ -26°C. The lyoprotection and cake-forming properties of PG13 were density-dependent, requiring a minimum density of 5 mg/mL for maximum activity. Collectively these data establish PG dendrimers as a new class of excipient to formulate proteins in the dry state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junha Park
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Noah N Cyr
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan K Boehlein
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Peng X, Li T, Liang C, Wang W, Zhou M, Yang J, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Hou L. Biochemotaxis-Oriented Engineering Bacteria Expressing GLP-1 Enhance Diabetes Therapy by Regulating the Balance of Immune. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303958. [PMID: 38253022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an effective hypoglycemic drug that can repair the pancreas β cells and promote insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 has poor stability and lacks of target ability, which makes it difficult to reach the site of action to exert its efficacy. Here, GLP-1-expressing plasmids are introduced into the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and a lipid membrane is formed through simple self-assembly on its surface, resulting in an oral delivery system (LEG) capable of resisting the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The system utilizes the chemotactic properties of probiotics to achieve efficient enrichment at the pancreatic site, and protects islet β cells from destruction by regulating the balance of immune cells. More interestingly, LEG not only continuously produces GLP-1 to restore pancreatic islet β cell function and secrete insulin to control blood sugar levels, but also regulates the intestinal flora and increases the richness and diversity of probiotics. In mice diabetes models, oral administration of LEG only once every other day has good biosafety and compliance, and achieves long-term control of blood glucose. Therefore, this strategy not only provides an oral delivery platform for pancreatic targeting, but also opens up new avenues for reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xueyuan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Ehsasatvatan M, Baghban Kohnehrouz B. A new trivalent recombinant protein for type 2 diabetes mellitus with oral delivery potential: design, expression, and experimental validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38468545 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are increasingly used in clinical practice for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the extremely short half-life of GLP-1 and the need for subcutaneous administration limit its clinical application. Thus, half-life extension and alternative delivery methods are highly desired. DARPin domains with high affinity for human serum albumin (HSA) have been selected for the half-life extension of therapeutic peptides and proteins. In the present study, novel trivalent fusion proteins as long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists with potential for oral delivery were computationally engineered by incorporating a protease-resistant modified GLP-1, an anti-human serum albumin DARPin, and an approved cell-penetrating peptide (Penetratin, Tat, and Polyarginine) linked either by rigid or flexible linkers. Theoretical studies and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that mGLP1-DARPin-Pen has acceptable quality and stability. Moreover, the potential affinity of the selected fusion proteins for GLP-1 receptor and human serum albumin was explored by molecular docking. The recombinant construct was cloned into the pET28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified fusion protein matched its molecular size and was confirmed by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the engineered fusion protein could bind HSA with high affinity. Importantly, insulin secretion assays using a mouse pancreatic β-cell line (β-TC6) revealed that the engineered trivalent fusion protein retained the ability to stimulate cellular insulin secretion. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis indicated the CPP-dependent cellular uptake of mGLP1-DARPin-Pen. These findings demonstrated that mGLP1-DARPin-Pen is a highly potent oral drug candidate that could be particularly useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ehsasatvatan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Ehsasatvatan M, Kohnehrouz BB. The lyophilized chloroplasts store synthetic DARPin G3 as bioactive encapsulated organelles. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:63. [PMID: 37798746 PMCID: PMC10557345 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high cost of fermentation, purification, cold storage and transportation, short shelf life, and sterile delivery methods of biopharmaceuticals, is a matter for producers and consumers as well. Since the FDA has now approved plant cells for large-scale, cost-effective biopharmaceutical production, the isolation and lyophilization of transplastomic chloroplasts can cover concerns about limitations. DARPins are engineered small single-domain proteins that have been selected to bind to HER2 with high affinity and specificity. HER2 is an oncogene involved in abnormal cell growth in some cancers and the target molecule for cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS In this study, we reported the prolonged stability and functionality of DARPin G3 in lyophilized transplastomic tobacco leaves and chloroplasts. Western blot analysis of lyophilized leaves and chloroplasts stored at room temperature for up to nine months showed that the DARPin G3 protein was stable and preserved proper folding. Lyophilization of leaves and isolated chloroplasts increased DARPin G3 protein concentrations by 16 and 32-fold, respectively. The HER2-binding assay demonstrated that the chloroplast-made DARPin G3 can maintain its stability and binding activity without any affinity drop in lyophilized leaf materials throughout this study for more than nine months at room temperature. CONCLUSION Lyophilization of chloroplasts expressing DARPin G3 would further reduce costs and simplify downstream processing, purification, and storage. Compressed packages of lyophilized chloroplasts were much more effective than lyophilized transplastomic leaves considering occupied space and downstream extraction and purification of DARPin G3 after nine months. These methods facilitate any relevant formulation practices for these compounds to meet any demand-oriented needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ehsasatvatan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
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Daniell H, Singh R, Mangu V, Nair SK, Wakade G, Balashova N. Affordable oral proinsulin bioencapsulated in plant cells regulates blood sugar levels similar to natural insulin. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122142. [PMID: 37148757 PMCID: PMC10219636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a silent epidemic affecting >500 million, which claimed 6.7 million lives in 2021, a projected increase of >670% in <20 years old in the next two decades but insulin is unaffordable for the large majority of the globe. Therefore, we engineered proinsulin in plant cells to facilitate oral delivery. Stability of the proinsulin gene and expression in subsequent generations, after removal of the antibiotic-resistance gene, was confirmed using PCR, Southern and western blots. Proinsulin expression was high (up to 12 mg/g DW or 47.5% of total leaf protein), stable up to one year after storage of freeze-dried plant cells at ambient temperature and met FDA regulatory requirements of uniformity, moisture content and bioburden. GM1 receptor binding, required for uptake via gut epithelial cells was confirmed by pentameric assembly of CTB-Proinsulin. IP insulin injections (without C peptide) in STZ mice rapidly decreased blood glucose level leading to transient hypoglycemia, followed by hepatic glucose compensation. On the other hand, other than the 15-min lag period of oral proinsulin (transit time required to reach the gut), the kinetics of blood sugar regulation of oral CTB-Proinsulin in STZ mice was very similar to naturally secreted insulin in healthy mice (both contain C-peptide), without rapid decrease or hypoglycemia. Elimination of expensive fermentation, purification and cold storage/transportation should reduce cost and increase other health benefits of plant fibers. The recent approval of plant cell delivery of therapeutic proteins by FDA and approval of CTB-ACE2 for phase I/II human clinical studies augur well for advancing oral proinsulin to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Venkata Mangu
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Smruti K Nair
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geetanjali Wakade
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nataliya Balashova
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ghasemian K, Broer I, Schön J, Kolp N, Killisch R, Mikkat S, Huckauf J. Immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy of plant-produced putative mouse-specific contraceptive peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191640. [PMID: 37448868 PMCID: PMC10337994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Rodent population control through contraception requires species-specific oral contraceptive vaccines. Therefore, in this study, we produced putative mouse-specific contraceptive peptides, mZP2 (from oocyte) and mIzumo1 (from sperm), in plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. Peptides were produced separately in Nicotiana benthamiana using constructs encoding antigens containing three copies of each peptide. We also determined the immunogenicity and contraceptive effects of the plant-produced antigens in female BALB/c mice. Mice immunized subcutaneously with a relatively low amount of antigen (5 µg/dose of each peptide in a mixture) showed systemic immune responses against mZP2-3 and mIzumo1-3 antigens. Moreover, the mean litter size of mice treated with the plant-produced antigens was reduced by 39% compared to that of the control mice. Notably, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of pups born and individual antibody levels against both antigens. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated the binding of induced antibodies to the oocytes of BALB/c and wild-type mice in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Our study demonstrate the feasibility of producing small contraceptive peptides in plants that can be further used to develop oral contraceptive vaccines against mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Ghasemian
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inge Broer
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schön
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Kolp
- BIOSERV, Analytik und Medizinprodukte GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mikkat
- Core Facility Proteome Analysis, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jana Huckauf
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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7
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Liu H, Wang B, Xing M, Meng F, Zhang S, Yang G, Cheng A, Yan C, Xu B, Gao Y. Thermal stability of exenatide encapsulated in stratified dissolving microneedles during storage. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122863. [PMID: 36934885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
As low-temperature storage and transportation of peptides require high costs, improving the dosage form of peptides can reduce costs. We developed a thermostable and fast-releasing stratified dissolving microneedle (SDMN) system for delivering exenatide (EXT) to patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the tested polymers, dextran and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were the best at stabilizing EXT under high-temperature storage for 9 weeks. The two polymers possess a relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg) and weak hydrogen bonding between PVA and EXT. Additionally, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) had a stabilizing effect on EXT among the selected stabilizers, suggesting that EXT formed a dimer after coordination with zinc ions (Zn2+). In addition, the denaturation temperature (Tm) of EXT was increased by adding ZnSO4, thus stabilizing EXT. Accordingly, SDMNs consisting of a tip layer (dextran encapsulating the Zn2+-EXT complex) and a base layer (PVA) were fabricated. Within 2 min of implantation, the EXT loaded on the patch was quickly released into the skin. Transdermal pharmacokinetics studies showed that manufactured SDMNs generated comparable efficacy to subcutaneous injection. Significantly, the remaining EXT amount was not significantly different under storage at 40 °C and -20 °C for 3 months, supporting that the SDMN system had excellent delivery efficiency and stability, thus reducing the dependence on the cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fanda Meng
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
| | - Aguo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China.
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Akter S, Afrin S, Kim J, Kang J, Razzak MA, Berggren PO, Hwang I. Production of active Exendin-4 in Nicotiana benthamiana and its application in treatment of type-2 diabetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1062658. [PMID: 36618620 PMCID: PMC9812950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is a peptide that stimulates insulin secretion from the β-cell for glycemic control of the plasma blood glucose level. Its mimetic exenatide (synthetic Exendin-4) with a longer half-life of approximately 3.3-4 h is widely used in clinical application to treat diabetes. Currently, exenatide is chemically synthesized. In this study, we report that the GLP-1 analogue recombinant Exendin-4 (Exdn-4) can be produced at a high level in Nicotiana benthamiana, with an estimated yield of 50.0 µg/g fresh biomass. For high-level expression, we generated a recombinant gene, B:GB1:ddCBD1m:8xHis : Exendin-4 (BGC : Exdn-4), for the production of Exendin-4 using various domains such as the BiP signal peptide, the GB1 domain (B1 domain of streptococcal G protein), a double cellulose binding domain 1 (CBD1), and 8 His residues (8xHis) to the N-terminus of Exendin-4. GB1 was used to increase the expression, whereas double CBD1 and 8xHis were included as affinity tags for easy purification using MCC beads and Ni2+-NTA resin, respectively. BGC : Exdn-4 was purified by single-step purification to near homogeneity using both Ni2+-NTA resin and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) beads. Moreover, Exdn-4 without any extra residues was produced from BGC : Exdn-4 bound onto MCC beads by treating with enterokinase. Plant-produced Exdn-4 (Exendin-4) was as effective as chemically synthesized Exendin-4 in glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) from mouse MIN6m9 cells a pancreatic beta cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammi Akter
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Shajia Afrin
- Department of Research and Development, BioN Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- Department of Research and Development, BioN Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Md Abdur Razzak
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Cerreta AJ, Reinhart JM, Forsythe LR, O'Connor MR, Tang KN, Cox S, Keller KA. Bioencapsulation is a feasible method of terbinafine administration in Emydomyces testavorans-infected western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata). Am J Vet Res 2022; 84:ajvr.22.08.0138. [PMID: 36469441 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.08.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine administered to western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) via oral gavage and bioencapsulated in earthworms. ANIMALS 7 western pond turtles. PROCEDURES A randomized complete crossover single-dose pharmacokinetic study was performed. Compounded terbinafine (25 mg/mL; 30 mg/kg) was administered through oral gavage (OG) directly into the stomach or bioencapsulated (BEC) into an earthworm vehicle. Blood (0.2 mL) was drawn from the jugular vein at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after administration. Plasma terbinafine levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Peak plasma terbinafine concentrations of 786.9 ± 911 ng/mL and 1,022.2 ± 911 were measured at 1.8 ± 2.8 and 14.1 ± 12.3 hours after OG and BEC administration, respectively. There was a significant (P = .031) increase in area under the curve with BEC compared to OG. Using steady-state predictions, with once-daily terbinafine administration, 3/7 and 7/7 turtles had plasma concentrations persistently greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Emydomyces testavorans for the OG and BEC administration routes of administration, respectively. With administration every 48 hours, 3/7 turtles for the OG phase and 6/7 turtles for the BEC phase had concentrations greater than the E. testavorans MIC throughout the entire dosing interval. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of terbinafine (30 mg/kg) every 24 or 48 hours via earthworm bioencapsulation in western pond turtles may be appropriate for the treatment of shell lesions caused by E. testavorans. Clinical studies are needed to assess the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Cerreta
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Jennifer M Reinhart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Lauren R Forsythe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Matthew R O'Connor
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL
| | - Karisa N Tang
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL
| | - Sherry Cox
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Krista A Keller
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL
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10
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Hou HW, Bishop CA, Huckauf J, Broer I, Klaus S, Nausch H, Buyel JF. Seed- and leaf-based expression of FGF21-transferrin fusion proteins for oral delivery and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998596. [PMID: 36247628 PMCID: PMC9557105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global disease with no effective medication. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can reverse this liver dysfunction, but requires targeted delivery to the liver, which can be achieved via oral administration. Therefore, we fused FGF21 to transferrin (Tf) via a furin cleavage site (F), to promote uptake from the intestine into the portal vein, yielding FGF21-F-Tf, and established its production in both seeds and leaves of commercial Nicotiana tabacum cultivars, compared their expression profile and tested the bioavailability and bioactivity in feeding studies. Since biopharmaceuticals need to be produced in a contained environment, e.g., greenhouses in case of plants, the seed production was increased in this setting from 239 to 380 g m-2 a-1 seed mass with costs of 1.64 € g-1 by side branch induction, whereas leaves yielded 8,193 g m-2 a-1 leave mass at 0.19 € g-1. FGF21-F-Tf expression in transgenic seeds and leaves yielded 6.7 and 5.6 mg kg-1 intact fusion protein, but also 4.5 and 2.3 mg kg-1 additional Tf degradation products. Removing the furin site and introducing the liver-targeting peptide PLUS doubled accumulation of intact FGF21-transferrin fusion protein when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana from 0.8 to 1.6 mg kg-1, whereas truncation of transferrin (nTf338) and reversing the order of FGF21 and nTf338 increased the accumulation to 2.1 mg kg-1 and decreased the degradation products to 7% for nTf338-FGF21-PLUS. Application of partially purified nTf338-FGF21-PLUS to FGF21-/- mice by oral gavage proved its transfer from the intestine into the blood circulation and acutely affected hepatic mRNA expression. Hence, the medication of NASH via oral delivery of nTf338-FGF21-PLUS containing plants seems possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wu Hou
- Department Bioprocess Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Chair for Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Bishop
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jana Huckauf
- Chair for Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inge Broer
- Chair for Agrobiotechnology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Henrik Nausch
- Department Bioprocess Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Department Bioprocess Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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11
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The strawberry-derived permeation enhancer pelargonidin enables oral protein delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207829119. [PMID: 35943988 PMCID: PMC9388159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207829119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although patients generally prefer oral drug delivery to injections, low permeability of the gastrointestinal tract makes this method impossible for most biomacromolecules. One potential solution is codelivery of macromolecules, including therapeutic proteins or nucleic acids, with intestinal permeation enhancers; however, enhancer use has been limited clinically by modest efficacy and toxicity concerns surrounding long-term administration. Here, we hypothesized that plant-based foods, which are well tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract, may contain compounds that enable oral macromolecular absorption without causing adverse effects. Upon testing more than 100 fruits, vegetables, and herbs, we identified strawberry and its red pigment, pelargonidin, as potent, well-tolerated enhancers of intestinal permeability. In mice, an oral capsule formulation comprising pelargonidin and a 1 U/kg dose of insulin reduced blood glucose levels for over 4 h, with bioactivity exceeding 100% relative to subcutaneous injection. Effects were reversible within 2 h and associated with actin and tight junction rearrangement. Furthermore, daily dosing of mice with pelargonidin for 1 mo resulted in no detectable side effects, including weight loss, tissue damage, or inflammatory responses. These data suggest that pelargonidin is an exceptionally effective enhancer of oral protein uptake that may be safe for routine pharmaceutical use.
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12
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Current advances and future prospects in production of recombinant insulin and other proteins to treat diabetes mellitus. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:643-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Elshikh MS, Ajmal Ali M, Al-Hemaid F, Yong Kim S, Elangbam M, Bahadur Gurung A, Mukherjee P, El-Zaidy M, Lee J. Insights into plastome of Fagonia indica Burm.f. (Zygophyllaceae) : organization, annotation and phylogeny. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1313-1321. [PMID: 35280582 PMCID: PMC8913386 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of chloroplast genomics would facilitate various biotechnology applications; however, the chloroplast (cp) genome / plastome characteristics of plants like Fagonia indica Burm.f. (family Zygophyllaceae), which have the capability to grow in extremely hot sand desert, have been rarely understood. The de novo genome sequence of F. indica using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology determined 128,379 bp long cp genome, encode 115 unique coding genes. The present study added the evidence of the loss of a copy of the IR in the cp genome of the taxa capable to grow in the hot sand desert. The maximum likelihood analysis revealed two distinct sub-clades i.e. Krameriaceae and Zygophyllaceae of the order Zygophyllales, nested within fabids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soo Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Meena Elangbam
- Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur 795 003, India
| | - Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Prasanjit Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Kumar Kalidas Memorial College, Pakur-816107, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mohamed El-Zaidy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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14
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He W, Baysal C, Lobato Gómez M, Huang X, Alvarez D, Zhu C, Armario‐Najera V, Blanco Perera A, Cerda Bennaser P, Saba‐Mayoral A, Sobrino‐Mengual G, Vargheese A, Abranches R, Alexandra Abreu I, Balamurugan S, Bock R, Buyel JF, da Cunha NB, Daniell H, Faller R, Folgado A, Gowtham I, Häkkinen ST, Kumar S, Sathish Kumar R, Lacorte C, Lomonossoff GP, Luís IM, K.‐C. Ma J, McDonald KA, Murad A, Nandi S, O’Keef B, Parthiban S, Paul MJ, Ponndorf D, Rech E, Rodrigues JC, Ruf S, Schillberg S, Schwestka J, Shah PS, Singh R, Stoger E, Twyman RM, Varghese IP, Vianna GR, Webster G, Wilbers RHP, Christou P, Oksman‐Caldentey K, Capell T. Contributions of the international plant science community to the fight against infectious diseases in humans-part 2: Affordable drugs in edible plants for endemic and re-emerging diseases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1921-1936. [PMID: 34181810 PMCID: PMC8486237 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases often focuses on epidemics and pandemics, which demand urgent resources and command attention from the health authorities and media. However, the vast majority of deaths caused by infectious diseases occur in endemic zones, particularly in developing countries, placing a disproportionate burden on underfunded health systems and often requiring international interventions. The provision of vaccines and other biologics is hampered not only by the high cost and limited scalability of traditional manufacturing platforms based on microbial and animal cells, but also by challenges caused by distribution and storage, particularly in regions without a complete cold chain. In this review article, we consider the potential of molecular farming to address the challenges of endemic and re-emerging diseases, focusing on edible plants for the development of oral drugs. Key recent developments in this field include successful clinical trials based on orally delivered dried leaves of Artemisia annua against malarial parasite strains resistant to artemisinin combination therapy, the ability to produce clinical-grade protein drugs in leaves to treat infectious diseases and the long-term storage of protein drugs in dried leaves at ambient temperatures. Recent FDA approval of the first orally delivered protein drug encapsulated in plant cells to treat peanut allergy has opened the door for the development of affordable oral drugs that can be manufactured and distributed in remote areas without cold storage infrastructure and that eliminate the need for expensive purification steps and sterile delivery by injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu He
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Can Baysal
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Maria Lobato Gómez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Derry Alvarez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Victoria Armario‐Najera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Aamaya Blanco Perera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Pedro Cerda Bennaser
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Andrea Saba‐Mayoral
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | | | - Ashwin Vargheese
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Rita Abranches
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Isabel Alexandra Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Shanmugaraj Balamurugan
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Nicolau B. da Cunha
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de BrasíliaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Henry Daniell
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - André Folgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Iyappan Gowtham
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Suvi T. Häkkinen
- Industrial Biotechnology and Food SolutionsVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdEspooFinland
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ramalingam Sathish Kumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | | | - Ines M. Luís
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Julian K.‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Andre Murad
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Barry O’Keef
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisMolecular Targets ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, and Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics ProgramNational Cancer Institute, NIHFrederickMDUSA
| | - Subramanian Parthiban
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mathew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Elibio Rech
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Julio C.M. Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for PhytopathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Jennifer Schwestka
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Rahul Singh
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eva Stoger
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Inchakalody P. Varghese
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Giovanni R. Vianna
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Gina Webster
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Laboratory of NematologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
- ICREACatalan Institute for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
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15
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Rascón-Cruz Q, González-Barriga CD, Iglesias-Figueroa BF, Trejo-Muñoz JC, Siqueiros-Cendón T, Sinagawa-García SR, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Espinoza-Sánchez EA. Plastid transformation: Advances and challenges for its implementation in agricultural crops. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Khan I, Daniell H. Oral delivery of therapeutic proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells: preclinical and clinical advances. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54. [PMID: 33967586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of protein drugs (PDs) made in plant cells could revolutionize current approaches of their production and delivery. Expression of PDs reduces their production cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification, cold transportation/storage, and sterile injections and increases their shelf life for several years. Ability of plant cell wall to protect PDs from digestive acids/enzymes, commensal bacteria to release PDs in gut lumen after lysis of plant cell wall and role of GALT in inducing tolerance facilitate prevention or treatment allergic, autoimmune diseases or anti-drug antibody responses. Delivery of functional proteins facilitate treatment of inherited or metabolic disorders. Recent advances in making PDs free of antibiotic resistance genes in edible plant cells, long-term storage at ambient temperature maintaining their efficacy, production in cGMP facilities, IND enabling studies for clinical advancement and FDA approval of orally delivered PDs augur well for advancing this novel drug delivery platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Plastid Transformation: How Does it Work? Can it Be Applied to Crops? What Can it Offer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144854. [PMID: 32659946 PMCID: PMC7402345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from land plants and algae contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria. Although the most common approach for many plant species is the introduction of foreign DNA into the nucleus (nuclear transformation) via Agrobacterium- or biolistics-mediated delivery of transgenes, plastid transformation offers an alternative means for plant transformation. Since there are many copies of the chloroplast genome in each cell, higher levels of protein accumulation can often be achieved from transgenes inserted in the chloroplast genome compared to the nuclear genome. Chloroplasts are therefore becoming attractive hosts for the introduction of new agronomic traits, as well as for the biosynthesis of high-value pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive historical and biological perspective on plastid transformation, with a focus on current and emerging approaches such as the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as DNA delivery vehicles, overexpressing morphogenic regulators to enhance regeneration ability, applying genome editing techniques to accelerate double-stranded break formation, and reconsidering protoplasts as a viable material for plastid genome engineering, even in transformation-recalcitrant species.
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18
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Morgenfeld MM, Vater CF, Alfano EF, Boccardo NA, Bravo-Almonacid FF. Translocation from the chloroplast stroma into the thylakoid lumen allows expression of recombinant epidermal growth factor in transplastomic tobacco plants. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:295-305. [PMID: 32318934 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation has many potential advantages for the production of recombinant proteins in plants. However, it has been reported that chloroplast expression of many proteins, such as human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), results hindered by post-transcriptional mechanisms. hEGF degradation has been related to the redox potential of the stroma and protein misfolding. To solve this problem, we proposed the redirection of hEGF into the thylakoid lumen where the environment could improve disulfide bonds formation stabilizing the functional conformation of the protein. We generated transplastomic tobacco plants targeting hEGF protein to the thylakoid lumen by adding a transit peptide (Str). Following this approach, we could detect thylakoid lumen-targeted hEGF by western blotting while stromal accumulation of hEGF remained undetectable. Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the transgene through homologous recombination into the plastome. Northern blot analysis showed similar levels of egf transcripts in the EGF and StrEGF lines. These results suggest that higher stability of the hEGF peptide in the thylakoid lumen is the primary cause of the increased accumulation of the recombinant protein observed in StrEGF lines. They also highlight the necessity of exploring different sub-organellar destinations to improve the accumulation levels of a specific recombinant protein in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro M Morgenfeld
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina F Vater
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Federico Alfano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia A Boccardo
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando F Bravo-Almonacid
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Altered β-Cell Calcium Dynamics via Electric Field Exposure. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:106-114. [PMID: 32323041 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electric field stimulation has long been investigated with results supporting its therapeutic potential; however, its effects on insulin secreting cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein we explored the effects of physiological direct current (DC) electric field stimulation on the intracellular calcium dynamics of mouse derived βTC-6 insulinoma cells. This electrical stimulation resulted in an elevation in intracellular calcium along with a rise in calcium spiking activity. Further investigation indicated that the rise in intracellular calcium was mediated by an influx of calcium via L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Additionally, the effects of the electric field stimulation were able to induce insulin secretion in the absence of glucose stimulation. Given these results, DC electric field stimulation could be used as a non-invasive tool to modulate intracellular calcium dynamics and insulin secretion of β-cells for therapeutic application.
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20
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Daniell H, Mangu V, Yakubov B, Park J, Habibi P, Shi Y, Gonnella PA, Fisher A, Cook T, Zeng L, Kawut SM, Lahm T. Investigational new drug enabling angiotensin oral-delivery studies to attenuate pulmonary hypertension. Biomaterials 2020; 233:119750. [PMID: 31931441 PMCID: PMC7045910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly and uncurable disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and increased pulmonary artery pressure. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its product, angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] were expressed in lettuce chloroplasts to facilitate affordable oral drug delivery. Lyophilized lettuce cells were stable up to 28 months at ambient temperature with proper folding, assembly of CTB-ACE2/ANG-(1-7) and functionality. When the antibiotic resistance gene was removed, Ang1-7 expression was stable in subsequent generations in marker-free transplastomic lines. Oral gavage of monocrotaline-induced PAH rats resulted in dose-dependent delivery of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 in plasma/tissues and PAH development was attenuated with decreases in right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV systolic pressure, total pulmonary resistance and pulmonary artery remodeling. Such attenuation correlated well with alterations in the transcription of Ang-(1-7) receptor MAS and angiotensin II receptor AGTRI as well as IL-1β and TGF-β1. Toxicology studies showed that both male and female rats tolerated ~10-fold ACE2/ANG-(1-7) higher than efficacy dose. Plant cell wall degrading enzymes enhanced plasma levels of orally delivered protein drug bioencapsulated within plant cells. Efficient attenuation of PAH with no toxicity augurs well for clinical advancement of the first oral protein therapy to prevent/treat underlying pathology for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Venkata Mangu
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bakhtiyor Yakubov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peyman Habibi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yao Shi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia A Gonnella
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd Cook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lily Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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21
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Park J, Yan G, Kwon KC, Liu M, Gonnella PA, Yang S, Daniell H. Oral delivery of novel human IGF-1 bioencapsulated in lettuce cells promotes musculoskeletal cell proliferation, differentiation and diabetic fracture healing. Biomaterials 2020; 233:119591. [PMID: 31870566 PMCID: PMC6990632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in development and regeneration of skeletal muscles and bones but requires daily injections or surgical implantation. Current clinical IGF-1 lacks e-peptide and is glycosylated, reducing functional efficacy. In this study, codon-optimized Pro-IGF-1 with e-peptide (fused to GM1 receptor binding protein CTB or cell penetrating peptide PTD) was expressed in lettuce chloroplasts to facilitate oral delivery. Pro-IGF-1 was expressed at high levels in the absence of the antibiotic resistance gene in lettuce chloroplasts and was maintained in subsequent generations. In lyophilized plant cells, Pro-IGF-1 maintained folding, assembly, stability and functionality up to 31 months, when stored at ambient temperature. CTB-Pro-IGF-1 stimulated proliferation of human oral keratinocytes, gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and mouse osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner and promoted osteoblast differentiation through upregulation of ALP, OSX and RUNX2 genes. Mice orally gavaged with the lyophilized plant cells significantly increased IGF-1 levels in sera, skeletal muscles and was stable for several hours. When bioencapsulated CTB-Pro-IGF-1 was gavaged to femoral fractured diabetic mice, bone regeneration was significantly promoted with increase in bone volume, density and area. This novel delivery system should increase affordability and patient compliance, especially for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - G Yan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K-C Kwon
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Liu
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P A Gonnella
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - H Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Elshikh MS, Kim SY, Ali MA, Al-Hemaid F, Chen SM, Choi S, Rahman MO, Elangbam M, Lee J. Comparative analysis of cp genome of Fagonia indica growing in desert and its implications in pattern of similarity and variations. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:229-232. [PMID: 31889841 PMCID: PMC6933238 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplasts genome encodes several key proteins that involves in the process of the photosynthesis and also in other metabolic processes important for growth and development, yield, biomass, and plant interactions with their environment. The present study aimed to sequencing of cp genome of Fagonia indica Burm.f (Zygophyllaceae), -a plant that occurs even in the hot desert condition of the inner zone of Rub′ al-Khali (the Empty Quarter) of south-central Arabia, and its comparative analyses with the representative of the sequence of the different categories [viz. (a) with the other member of the family Zygophyllaceae, and with the representatives from: (b) different clade of the angiosperms, (c) flowering plants occurs in different major habitats, (d) different groups of plants, (e) different group of plants having range of biomass, (f) C3 and C4 plants, and (g) the representative from very common, rare and major high yielding crop of the world] to unravel the genetic pattern of similarity and variations. The comparison of F. indica genome in different categories showed strong evidence and further support for the conservative pattern of chloroplast genome, the coding and non-coding region remains conserved even in phylogenetically distant eukaryotic clades, and might not have the sole roles in organism′s yield, rarity or abundance and biomass, and in encountering the stress. Nevertheless, the result could be useful for molecular phylogenetic and molecular ecological and molecular mechanism of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Meena Elangbam
- Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies in Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur 795 003, India
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Hu X, Yang G, Chen S, Luo S, Zhang J. Biomimetic and bioinspired strategies for oral drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:1020-1044. [PMID: 31621709 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery remains the most preferred approach due to its multiple advantages. Recently there has been increasing interest in the development of advanced vehicles for oral delivery of different therapeutics. Among them, biomimetic and bioinspired strategies are emerging as novel approaches that are promising for addressing biological barriers encountered by traditional drug delivery systems. Herein we provide a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of biomimetic particulate oral delivery systems. Different biomimetic nanoparticles used for oral drug delivery are first discussed, mainly including ligand/antibody-functionalized nanoparticles, transporter-mediated nanoplatforms, and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Then we describe bacteria-derived biomimetic systems, with respect to oral delivery of therapeutic proteins or antigens. Subsequently, yeast-derived oral delivery systems, based on either chemical engineering or bioengineering approaches are discussed, with emphasis on the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as oral vaccination. Finally, bioengineered plant cells are introduced for oral delivery of biological agents. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolution toward clinical translation of currently developed biomimetic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. and The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Habibi P, Daniell H, Soccol CR, Grossi‐de‐Sa MF. The potential of plant systems to break the HIV-TB link. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1868-1891. [PMID: 30908823 PMCID: PMC6737023 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can place a major burden on healthcare systems and constitute the main challenges of diagnostic and therapeutic programmes. Infection with HIV is the most common cause of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which can accelerate the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold. Similarly, TB is considered the most relevant factor predisposing individuals to HIV infection. Thus, both pathogens can augment one another in a synergetic manner, accelerating the failure of immunological functions and resulting in subsequent death in the absence of treatment. Synergistic approaches involving the treatment of HIV as a tool to combat TB and vice versa are thus required in regions with a high burden of HIV and TB infection. In this context, plant systems are considered a promising approach for combatting HIV and TB in a resource-limited setting because plant-made drugs can be produced efficiently and inexpensively in developing countries and could be shared by the available agricultural infrastructure without the expensive requirement needed for cold chain storage and transportation. Moreover, the use of natural products from medicinal plants can eliminate the concerns associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti-TB therapy (ATT), including drug interactions, drug-related toxicity and multidrug resistance. In this review, we highlight the potential of plant system as a promising approach for the production of relevant pharmaceuticals for HIV and TB treatment. However, in the cases of HIV and TB, none of the plant-made pharmaceuticals have been approved for clinical use. Limitations in reaching these goals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Habibi
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and BiotechnologyFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi‐de‐Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrasíliaDFBrazil
- Catholic University of BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
- Post Graduation Program in BiotechnologyUniversity PotiguarNatalRNBrazil
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25
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Maharjan PM, Choe S. Transient expression of hemagglutinin antigen from canine influenza virus H3N2 in Nicotiana benthamiana and Lactuca sativa. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2019; 8:124-131. [PMID: 31406694 PMCID: PMC6689504 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2019.8.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Canine influenza virus (CIV), H3N2, carries potentiality for zoonotic transmission and genetic assortment which raises a concern on possible epidemics, and human threats in future. To manage possible threats, the development of rapid and effective methods of CIV vaccine production is required. The plant provides economical, safe, and robust production platform. We investigated whether hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from Korea-originated CIV could be produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and lettuce, Lactuca sativa by a DNA viral vector system. Materials and Methods We used DNA sequences of the HA gene from Korean CIV strain influenza A/canine/Korea/S3001/2015 (H3N2) for cloning into a geminiviral expression vectors to express recombinant HA (rHA) antigen in the plant. Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration was performed to introduce HA-carrying vector into host plants cells. Laboratory-grown N. benthamiana, and grocery-purchased or hydroponically-grown lettuce plant leaves were used as host plants. Results CIV rHA antigen was successfully expressed in host plant species both N. benthamiana and L. sativa by geminiviral vector. Both complex-glycosylated and basal-glycosylated form of rHA were produced in lettuce, depending on presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal. In terms of rHA expression level, canine HA (H3N2) showed preference to the native signal peptide than ER retention signal peptide in the tested geminiviral vector system. Conclusion Grocery-purchased lettuce leaves could serve as an instant host system for the transient expression of influenza antigen at the time of emergency. The geminiviral vector was able to induce expression of complex-glycosylated and basal-glycosylated rHA in lettuce and tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puna Maya Maharjan
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,G+FLAS Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghwa Choe
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,G+FLAS Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Daniell H, Kulis M, Herzog RW. Plant cell-made protein antigens for induction of Oral tolerance. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107413. [PMID: 31251968 PMCID: PMC6842683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut associated lymphoid tissue has effective mechanisms in place to maintain tolerance to food antigens. These can be exploited to induce antigen-specific tolerance for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases and severe allergies and to prevent serious immune responses in protein replacement therapies for genetic diseases. An oral tolerance approach for the prevention of peanut allergy in infants proved highly efficacious and advances in treatment of peanut allergy have brought forth an oral immunotherapy drug that is currently awaiting FDA approval. Several other protein antigens made in plant cells are in clinical development. Plant cell-made proteins are protected in the stomach from acids and enzymes after their oral delivery because of bioencapsulation within plant cell wall, but are released to the immune system upon digestion by gut microbes. Utilization of fusion protein technologies facilitates their delivery to the immune system, oral tolerance induction at low antigen doses, resulting in efficient induction of FoxP3+ and latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ regulatory T cells that express immune suppressive cytokines such as IL-10. LAP and IL-10 expression represent potential biomarkers for plant-based oral tolerance. Efficacy studies in hemophilia dogs support clinical development of oral delivery of bioencapsulated antigens to prevent anti-drug antibody formation. Production of clinical grade materials in cGMP facilities, stability of antigens in lyophilized plant cells for several years when stored at ambient temperature, efficacy of oral delivery of human doses in large animal models and lack of toxicity augur well for clinical advancement of this novel drug delivery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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27
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Criscuolo E, Caputo V, Diotti RA, Sautto GA, Kirchenbaum GA, Clementi N. Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8303648. [PMID: 30949518 PMCID: PMC6425294 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8303648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines toward public health, the implementation of additional vaccine platforms is also of key importance. In fact, currently available vaccines possess shortcomings, such as inefficient triggering of a cell-mediated immune response and the lack of protective mucosal immunity. In this regard, recent work has been focused on vaccine delivery systems, as an alternative to injectable vaccines, to increase antigen stability and improve overall immunogenicity. In particular, novel strategies based on edible or intradermal vaccine formulations have been demonstrated to trigger both a systemic and mucosal immune response. These novel vaccination delivery systems offer several advantages over the injectable preparations including self-administration, reduced cost, stability, and elimination of a cold chain. In this review, the latest findings and accomplishments regarding edible and intradermal vaccines are described in the context of the system used for immunogen expression, their molecular features and capacity to induce a protective systemic and mucosal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Criscuolo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Caputo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l., Turin, Italy
| | - R. A. Diotti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l., Turin, Italy
| | - G. A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - N. Clementi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
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28
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Schindel HS, Piatek AA, Stewart CN, Lenaghan SC. The plastid genome as a chassis for synthetic biology-enabled metabolic engineering: players in gene expression. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1419-1429. [PMID: 30039465 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its small size, prokaryotic-like molecular genetics, and potential for very high transgene expression, the plastid genome (plastome) is an attractive plant synthetic biology chassis for metabolic engineering. The plastome exists as a homogenous, compact, multicopy genome within multiple-specialized differentiated plastid compartments. Because of this multiplicity, transgenes can be highly expressed. For coordinated gene expression, it is the prokaryotic molecular genetics that is an especially attractive feature. Multiple genes in a metabolic pathway can be expressed in a series of operons, which are regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels with cross talk from the plant's nuclear genome. Key features of each regulatory level are reviewed, as well as some examples of plastome-enabled metabolic engineering. We also speculate about the transformative future of plastid-based synthetic biology to enable metabolic engineering in plants as well as the problems that must be solved before routine plastome-enabled synthetic circuits can be installed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S Schindel
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2600 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA
| | - Agnieszka A Piatek
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2600 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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29
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Nieto-Gómez R. Green Therapeutic Biocapsules: Using Plant Cells to Orally Deliver Biopharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1054-1067. [PMID: 29980327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of innovative platforms to produce biopharmaceuticals cheaply and deliver them through noninvasive routes could expand their social benefits. Coverage should increase as a consequence of lower cost and higher patient compliance due to painless administration. For more than two decades of research, oral therapies that rely on genetically engineered plants for the production of biopharmaceuticals have been explored to treat or prevent high-impact diseases. Recent reports on the successful oral delivery of plant-made biopharmaceuticals raise new hopes for the field. Several candidates have shown protection in animal models, and efforts to establish their production on an industrial scale are ongoing. These advances and perspectives for the field are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenue Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí, 78210, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Nieto-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, Mexico; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenue Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí, 78210, Mexico
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30
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Kwon K, Sherman A, Chang W, Kamesh A, Biswas M, Herzog RW, Daniell H. Expression and assembly of largest foreign protein in chloroplasts: oral delivery of human FVIII made in lettuce chloroplasts robustly suppresses inhibitor formation in haemophilia A mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1148-1160. [PMID: 29106782 PMCID: PMC5936678 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor formation is a serious complication of factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder haemophilia A and occurs in 20%-30% of patients. No prophylactic tolerance protocol currently exists. Although we reported oral tolerance induction using FVIII domains expressed in tobacco chloroplasts, significant challenges in clinical advancement include expression of the full-length CTB-FVIII sequence to cover the entire patient population, regardless of individual CD4+ T-cell epitope responses. Codon optimization of FVIII heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) increased expression 15- to 42-fold higher than the native human genes. Homoplasmic lettuce lines expressed CTB fusion proteins of FVIII-HC (99.3 kDa), LC (91.8 kDa), C2 (31 kDa) or single chain (SC, 178.2 kDa) up to 3622, 263, 3321 and 852 μg/g in lyophilized plant cells, when grown in a cGMP hydroponic facility (Fraunhofer). CTB-FVIII-SC is the largest foreign protein expressed in chloroplasts; despite a large pentamer size (891 kDa), assembly, folding and disulphide bonds were maintained upon lyophilization and long-term storage as revealed by GM1-ganglioside receptor binding assays. Repeated oral gavages (twice/week for 2 months) of CTB-FVIII-HC/CTB-FVIII-LC reduced inhibitor titres ~10-fold (average 44 BU/mL to 4.7 BU/mL) in haemophilia A mice. Most importantly, increase in the frequency of circulating LAP-expressing CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg in tolerized mice could be used as an important cellular biomarker in human clinical trials for plant-based oral tolerance induction. In conclusion, this study reports the first clinical candidate for oral tolerance induction that is urgently needed to protect haemophilia A patients receiving FVIII injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang‐Chul Kwon
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Wan‐Jung Chang
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Aditya Kamesh
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Henry Daniell
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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31
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Rastogi S, Shasany AK. Ocimum Genome Sequencing—A Futuristic Therapeutic Mine. THE OCIMUM GENOME 2018. [PMCID: PMC7124093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97430-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms from the past decade are in the continuous efforts of changing the impact of sequencing on our current knowledge about plant genes, genomes, and their regulation. Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L. or sanctum L.) genome sequencing has also paved the path for deeper exploration of the medicinal properties of this beneficial herb making it a true ‘elixir of life.’ The draft genome sequence of the holy basil has not only opened the avenues for the drug discovery but has also widened the prospects of the molecular breeding for development of new improved plant varieties.
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32
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Loh HS, Green BJ, Yusibov V. Using transgenic plants and modified plant viruses for the development of treatments for human diseases. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:81-89. [PMID: 28800551 PMCID: PMC7102806 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Concept of plant-based biofactories for therapeutics and biologics. Industrial preference of transient expression system — agroinfiltration. Advancement of virus-like particles from epitope presentation to nanomedicine. Recent progress of plant-made therapeutics and biologics against human diseases.
Production of proteins in plants for human health applications has become an attractive strategy attributed by their potentials for low-cost production, increased safety due to the lack of human or animal pathogens, scalability and ability to produce complex proteins. A major milestone for plant-based protein production for use in human health was achieved when Protalix BioTherapeutics produced taliglucerase alfa (Elelyso®) in suspension cultures of a transgenic carrot cell line for the treatment of patients with Gaucher's disease, was approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration in 2012. In this review, we are highlighting various approaches for plant-based production of proteins and recent progress in the development of plant-made therapeutics and biologics for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia; Biotechnology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Brian J Green
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Vidadi Yusibov
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE, USA.
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33
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Ma S, We L, Yang H, Deng S, M. Jevnikar A. Emerging technologies to achieve oral delivery of GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2017-000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhang B, Shanmugaraj B, Daniell H. Expression and functional evaluation of biopharmaceuticals made in plant chloroplasts. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:17-23. [PMID: 28229907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
After approval of the first plant-made biopharmaceutical by FDA for human use, many protein drugs are now in clinical development. Within the last decade, significant advances have been made in expression of heterologous complex/large proteins in chloroplasts of edible plants using codon optimized human or viral genes. Furthermore, advances in quantification enable determination of in-planta drug dosage. Oral delivery of plastid-made biopharmaceuticals (PMB) is affordable because it eliminates prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification processes addressing major challenges of short shelf-life after cold storage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in PMBs against metabolic, inherited or infectious diseases, and also mechanisms of post-translational modifications (PTM) in order to increase our understanding of functional PMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
| | - Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
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Daniell H, Chan HT, Pasoreck EK. Vaccination via Chloroplast Genetics: Affordable Protein Drugs for the Prevention and Treatment of Inherited or Infectious Human Diseases. Annu Rev Genet 2016; 50:595-618. [PMID: 27893966 PMCID: PMC5496655 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastid-made biopharmaceuticals treat major metabolic or genetic disorders, including Alzheimer's, diabetes, hypertension, hemophilia, and retinopathy. Booster vaccines made in chloroplasts prevent global infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, and polio, and biological threats, such as anthrax and plague. Recent advances in this field include commercial-scale production of human therapeutic proteins in FDA-approved cGMP facilities, development of tags to deliver protein drugs to targeted human cells or tissues, methods to deliver precise doses, and long-term stability of protein drugs at ambient temperature, maintaining their efficacy. Codon optimization utilizing valuable information from sequenced chloroplast genomes enhanced expression of eukaryotic human or viral genes in chloroplasts and offered unique insights into translation in chloroplasts. Support from major biopharmaceutical companies, development of hydroponic production systems, and evaluation by regulatory agencies, including the CDC, FDA, and USDA, augur well for advancing this novel concept to the clinic and revolutionizing affordable healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
| | - Hui-Ting Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
| | - Elise K Pasoreck
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
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Malhotra K, Subramaniyan M, Rawat K, Kalamuddin M, Qureshi MI, Malhotra P, Mohmmed A, Cornish K, Daniell H, Kumar S. Compartmentalized Metabolic Engineering for Artemisinin Biosynthesis and Effective Malaria Treatment by Oral Delivery of Plant Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1464-1477. [PMID: 27773616 PMCID: PMC5980236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is highly effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites, which affects nearly half of the global population and kills >500 000 people each year. The primary cost of artemisinin is the very expensive process used to extract and purify the drug from Artemisia annua. Elimination of this apparently unnecessary step will make this potent antimalarial drug affordable to the global population living in endemic regions. Here we reported the oral delivery of a non-protein drug artemisinin biosynthesized (∼0.8 mg/g dry weight) at clinically meaningful levels in tobacco by engineering two metabolic pathways targeted to three different cellular compartments (chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria). The doubly transgenic lines showed a three-fold enhancement of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and targeting AACPR, DBR2, and CYP71AV1 to chloroplasts resulted in higher expression and an efficient photo-oxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid to artemisinin. Partially purified extracts from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants inhibited in vitro growth progression of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Oral feeding of whole intact plant cells bioencapsulating the artemisinin reduced the parasitemia levels in challenged mice in comparison with commercial drug. Such novel synergistic approaches should facilitate low-cost production and delivery of artemisinin and other drugs through metabolic engineering of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malhotra
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mayavan Subramaniyan
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Khushboo Rawat
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Md Kalamuddin
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Ahmad N, Michoux F, Lössl AG, Nixon PJ. Challenges and perspectives in commercializing plastid transformation technology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5945-5960. [PMID: 27697788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastid transformation has emerged as an alternative platform to generate transgenic plants. Attractive features of this technology include specific integration of transgenes-either individually or as operons-into the plastid genome through homologous recombination, the potential for high-level protein expression, and transgene containment because of the maternal inheritance of plastids. Several issues associated with nuclear transformation such as gene silencing, variable gene expression due to the Mendelian laws of inheritance, and epigenetic regulation have not been observed in the plastid genome. Plastid transformation has been successfully used for the production of therapeutics, vaccines, antigens, and commercial enzymes, and for engineering various agronomic traits including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, these demonstrations have usually focused on model systems such as tobacco, and the technology per se has not yet reached the market. Technical factors limiting this technology include the lack of efficient protocols for the transformation of cereals, poor transgene expression in non-green plastids, a limited number of selection markers, and the lengthy procedures required to recover fully segregated plants. This article discusses the technology of transforming the plastid genome, the positive and negative features compared with nuclear transformation, and the current challenges that need to be addressed for successful commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Franck Michoux
- Alkion Biopharma SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91058 Evry, France
| | - Andreas G Lössl
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Arevalo-Villalobos JI, Rosales-Mendoza S, Zarazua S. Immunotherapies for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and potential of plant-made biopharmaceuticals. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:151-159. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1229602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime I Arevalo-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Sergio Zarazua
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Pasoreck EK, Su J, Silverman IM, Gosai SJ, Gregory BD, Yuan JS, Daniell H. Terpene metabolic engineering via nuclear or chloroplast genomes profoundly and globally impacts off-target pathways through metabolite signalling. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1862-75. [PMID: 27507797 PMCID: PMC4980996 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of metabolic engineering on nontarget pathways and outcomes of metabolic engineering from different genomes are poorly understood questions. Therefore, squalene biosynthesis genes FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (FPS) and SQUALENE SYNTHASE (SQS) were engineered via the Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast (C), nuclear (N) or both (CN) genomes to promote squalene biosynthesis. SQS levels were ~4300-fold higher in C and CN lines than in N, but all accumulated ~150-fold higher squalene due to substrate or storage limitations. Abnormal leaf and flower phenotypes, including lower pollen production and reduced fertility, were observed regardless of the compartment or level of transgene expression. Substantial changes in metabolomes of all lines were observed: levels of 65-120 unrelated metabolites, including the toxic alkaloid nicotine, changed by as much as 32-fold. Profound effects of transgenesis on nontarget gene expression included changes in the abundance of 19 076 transcripts by up to 2000-fold in CN; 7784 transcripts by up to 1400-fold in N; and 5224 transcripts by as much as 2200-fold in C. Transporter-related transcripts were induced, and cell cycle-associated transcripts were disproportionally repressed in all three lines. Transcriptome changes were validated by qRT-PCR. The mechanism underlying these large changes likely involves metabolite-mediated anterograde and/or retrograde signalling irrespective of the level of transgene expression or end product, due to imbalance of metabolic pools, offering new insight into both anticipated and unanticipated consequences of metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Pasoreck
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Silverman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sager J Gosai
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kwon KC, Chan HT, León IR, Williams-Carrier R, Barkan A, Daniell H. Codon Optimization to Enhance Expression Yields Insights into Chloroplast Translation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:62-77. [PMID: 27465114 PMCID: PMC5074611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Codon optimization based on psbA genes from 133 plant species eliminated 105 (human clotting factor VIII heavy chain [FVIII HC]) and 59 (polio VIRAL CAPSID PROTEIN1 [VP1]) rare codons; replacement with only the most highly preferred codons decreased transgene expression (77- to 111-fold) when compared with the codon usage hierarchy of the psbA genes. Targeted proteomic quantification by parallel reaction monitoring analysis showed 4.9- to 7.1-fold or 22.5- to 28.1-fold increase in FVIII or VP1 codon-optimized genes when normalized with stable isotope-labeled standard peptides (or housekeeping protein peptides), but quantitation using western blots showed 6.3- to 8-fold or 91- to 125-fold increase of transgene expression from the same batch of materials, due to limitations in quantitative protein transfer, denaturation, solubility, or stability. Parallel reaction monitoring, to our knowledge validated here for the first time for in planta quantitation of biopharmaceuticals, is especially useful for insoluble or multimeric proteins required for oral drug delivery. Northern blots confirmed that the increase of codon-optimized protein synthesis is at the translational level rather than any impact on transcript abundance. Ribosome footprints did not increase proportionately with VP1 translation or even decreased after FVIII codon optimization but is useful in diagnosing additional rate-limiting steps. A major ribosome pause at CTC leucine codons in the native gene of FVIII HC was eliminated upon codon optimization. Ribosome stalls observed at clusters of serine codons in the codon-optimized VP1 gene provide an opportunity for further optimization. In addition to increasing our understanding of chloroplast translation, these new tools should help to advance this concept toward human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Hui-Ting Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Ileana R León
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Rosalind Williams-Carrier
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Alice Barkan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
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Gupta K, Kotian A, Subramanian H, Daniell H, Ali H. Activation of human mast cells by retrocyclin and protegrin highlight their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28573-87. [PMID: 26378047 PMCID: PMC4745678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of Retrocyclins (RC-100, RC-101) and Protegrin-1 (PG-1) antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is important because of their therapeutic potential against bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Human mast cells (HMCs) play important roles in host defense and wound healing but the abilities of retrocyclins and protegrin-1 to harness these functions have not been investigated. Here, we report that chemically synthesized RC-100 and PG-1 caused calcium mobilization and degranulation in HMCs but these responses were not blocked by an inhibitor of formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1), a known receptor for AMPs. However, RC-100 and PG-1 induced degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells stably expressing Mas related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MrgX2). Chemical synthesis of these AMPs is prohibitively expensive and post-synthesis modifications (cyclization, disulfide bonds, folding) are inadequate for optimal antimicrobial activity. Indeed, we found that synthetic RC-100, which caused mast cell degranulation via MrgX2, did not display any antimicrobial activity. Green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged RC-101 (analog of RC-100) and GFP-tagged PG-1 purified from transgenic plant chloroplasts killed bacteria and induced mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, GFP-PG1 bound specifically to RBL-2H3 cells expressing MrgX2. These findings suggest that retrocyclins and protegrins activate HMCs independently of FPRL1 but via MrgX2. Harnessing this novel feature of AMPs to activate mast cell's host defense/wound healing properties in addition to their antimicrobial activities expands their clinical potential. Low cost production of AMPs in plants should facilitate their advancement to the clinic overcoming major hurdles in current production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Gupta
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akhil Kotian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Daniell H, Lin CS, Yu M, Chang WJ. Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering. Genome Biol 2016; 17:134. [PMID: 27339192 PMCID: PMC4918201 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products. In this review, we discuss the impact of chloroplast genome sequences on understanding the origins of economically important cultivated species and changes that have taken place during domestication. We also discuss the potential biotechnological applications of chloroplast genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA.
| | - Choun-Sea Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA
| | - Wan-Jung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kwon KC, Daniell H. Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1342-50. [PMID: 27378236 PMCID: PMC5023392 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants cells are now approved by the FDA for cost-effective production of protein drugs (PDs) in large-scale current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) hydroponic growth facilities. In lyophilized plant cells, PDs are stable at ambient temperature for several years, maintaining their folding and efficacy. Upon oral delivery, PDs bioencapsulated in plant cells are protected in the stomach from acids and enzymes but are subsequently released into the gut lumen by microbes that digest the plant cell wall. The large mucosal area of the human intestine offers an ideal system for oral drug delivery. When tags (receptor-binding proteins or cell-penetrating peptides) are fused to PDs, they efficiently cross the intestinal epithelium and are delivered to the circulatory or immune system. Unique tags to deliver PDs to human immune or nonimmune cells have been developed recently. After crossing the epithelium, ubiquitous proteases cleave off tags at engineered sites. PDs are also delivered to the brain or retina by crossing the blood–brain or retinal barriers. This review highlights recent advances in PD delivery to treat Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, hypertension, Gaucher's or ocular diseases, as well as the development of affordable drugs by eliminating prohibitively expensive purification, cold chain and sterile delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bailey CJ, Tahrani AA, Barnett AH. Future glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:350-9. [PMID: 26809680 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multivariable and progressive natural history of type 2 diabetes limits the effectiveness of available glucose-lowering drugs. Constraints imposed by comorbidities (notably cardiovascular disease and renal impairment) and the need to avoid hypoglycaemia, weight gain, and drug interactions further complicate the treatment process. These challenges have prompted the development of new formulations and delivery methods for existing drugs alongside research into novel pharmacological entities. Advances in incretin-based therapies include a miniature implantable osmotic pump to give continuous delivery of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist for 6-12 months and once-weekly tablets of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Hybrid molecules that combine the properties of selected incretins and other peptides are at early stages of development, and proof of concept has been shown for small non-peptide molecules to activate glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. Additional sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors are progressing in development as well as possible new insulin-releasing biological agents and small-molecule inhibitors of glucagon action. Adiponectin receptor agonists, selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, cellular glucocorticoid inhibitors, and analogues of fibroblast growth factor 21 are being considered as potential new approaches to glucose lowering. Compounds that can enhance insulin receptor and post-receptor signalling cascades or directly promote selected pathways of glucose metabolism have suggested opportunities for future treatments. However, pharmacological interventions that are able to restore normal β-cell function and β-cell mass, normalise insulin action, and fully correct glucose homoeostasis are a distant vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony H Barnett
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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45
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Singh ND, Kumar S, Daniell H. Expression of β-glucosidase increases trichome density and artemisinin content in transgenic Artemisia annua plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1034-45. [PMID: 26360801 PMCID: PMC4767539 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is highly effective against multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the aetiological agent of the most severe form of malaria. However, a low level of accumulation of artemisinin in Artemisia annua is a major limitation for its production and delivery to malaria endemic areas of the world. While several strategies to enhance artemisinin have been extensively explored, enhancing storage capacity in trichome has not yet been considered. Therefore, trichome density was increased with the expression of β-glucosidase (bgl1) gene in A. annua through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgene (bgl1) integration and transcript were confirmed by molecular analysis. Trichome density increased up to 20% in leaves and 66% in flowers of BGL1 transgenic plants than Artemisia control plants. High-performance liquid chromatography, time of flight mass spectrometer data showed that artemisinin content increased up to 1.4% in leaf and 2.56% in flowers (per g DW), similar to the highest yields achieved so far through metabolic engineering. Artemisinin was enhanced up to five-fold in BGL1 transgenic flowers. This study opens the possibility of increasing artemisinin content by manipulating trichomes' density, which is a major reservoir of artemisinin. Combining biosynthetic pathway engineering with enhancing trichome density may further increase artemisinin yield in A. annua. Because oral feeding of Artemisia plant cells reduced parasitemia more efficiently than the purified drug, reduced drug resistance and cost of prohibitively expensive purification process, enhanced expression should play a key role in making this valuable drug affordable to treat malaria in a large global population that disproportionally impacts low-socioeconomic areas and underprivileged children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Daniell
- Corresponding Author, Henry Daniell, Ph. D., Professor and Director of Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, , Tel : 215-746-2563, Fax: 215-898-3695
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Abstract
The undesired destruction of healthy cells, either endogenous or transplanted, by the immune system results in the loss of tissue function or limits strategies to restore tissue function. Current therapies typically involve nonspecific immunosuppression that may prevent the appropriate response to an antigen, thereby decreasing humoral immunity and increasing the risks of patient susceptibility to opportunistic infections, viral reactivation, and neoplasia. The induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance to block undesired immune responses to self- or allogeneic antigens, while maintaining the integrity of the remaining immune system, has the potential to transform the current treatment of autoimmune disease and serve as a key enabling technology for therapies based on cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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The case for plant-made veterinary immunotherapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:597-604. [PMID: 26875776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics in food animal production has contributed to resistance in pathogenic bacteria, thereby triggering regulations and consumer demands to limit their use. Alternatives for disease control are therefore required that are cost-effective and compatible with intensive production. While vaccines are widely used and effective, they are available against a minority of animal diseases, and development of novel vaccines and other immunotherapeutics is therefore needed. Production of such proteins recombinantly in plants can provide products that are effective and safe, can be orally administered with minimal processing, and are easily scalable with a relatively low capital investment. The present report thus advocates the use of plants for producing vaccines and antibodies to protect farm animals from diseases that have thus far been managed with antibiotics; and highlights recent advances in product efficacy, competitiveness, and regulatory approval.
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Xiao Y, Kwon KC, Hoffman BE, Kamesh A, Jones NT, Herzog RW, Daniell H. Low cost delivery of proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells to human non-immune or immune modulatory cells. Biomaterials 2016; 80:68-79. [PMID: 26706477 PMCID: PMC4706487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted oral delivery of GFP fused with a GM1 receptor binding protein (CTB) or human cell penetrating peptide (PTD) or dendritic cell peptide (DCpep) was investigated. Presence of GFP(+) intact plant cells between villi of ileum confirm their protection in the digestive system from acids/enzymes. Efficient delivery of GFP to gut-epithelial cells by PTD or CTB and to M cells by all these fusion tags confirm uptake of GFP in the small intestine. PTD fusion delivered GFP more efficiently to most tissues or organs than the other two tags. GFP was efficiently delivered to the liver by all fusion tags, likely through the gut-liver axis. In confocal imaging studies of human cell lines using purified GFP fused with different tags, GFP signal of DCpep-GFP was only detected within dendritic cells. PTD-GFP was only detected within kidney or pancreatic cells but not in immune modulatory cells (macrophages, dendritic, T, B, or mast cells). In contrast, CTB-GFP was detected in all tested cell types, confirming ubiquitous presence of GM1 receptors. Such low-cost oral delivery of protein drugs to sera, immune system or non-immune cells should dramatically lower their cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, protein purification cold storage/transportation and increase patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brad E Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aditya Kamesh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noah T Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Stability of S-HBsAg in long-term stored lyophilised plant tissue. Biologicals 2016; 44:69-72. [PMID: 26774819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A potent plant-derived oral vaccine against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) requires a durable and compact form for efficacious and convenient distribution and delivery. In the previous study we have devised a successful freeze-drying process of plant material containing the HBV small surface antigen (S-HBsAg) for the purpose of an oral vaccine against the virus, but product storage stability was limited to 4 °C. The aim of this study was to upgrade a freeze-dried product formula to facilitate successful long-term storage of S-HBsAg assembled into Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) at elevated temperatures. Series of additional excipients and storage conditions were tested. Atmosphere of nitrogen proved to preserve S-HBsAg VLPs most efficiently, with only minor degradation at the highest temperature of 37 °C. As a result, a semi-product for the oral plant-derived vaccine against HBV with good storage capabilities was obtained.
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Alfano EF, Lentz EM, Bellido D, Dus Santos MJ, Goldbaum FA, Wigdorovitz A, Bravo-Almonacid FF. Expression of the Multimeric and Highly Immunogenic Brucella spp. Lumazine Synthase Fused to Bovine Rotavirus VP8d as a Scaffold for Antigen Production in Tobacco Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1170. [PMID: 26779198 PMCID: PMC4688359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is a highly immunogenic decameric protein which can accommodate foreign polypeptides or protein domains fused to its N-termini, markedly increasing their immunogenicity. The inner core domain (VP8d) of VP8 spike protein from bovine rotavirus is responsible for viral adhesion to sialic acid residues and infection. It also displays neutralizing epitopes, making it a good candidate for vaccination. In this work, the BLS scaffold was assessed for the first time in plants for recombinant vaccine development by N-terminally fusing BLS to VP8d and expressing the resulting fusion (BLSVP8d) in tobacco chloroplasts. Transplastomic plants were obtained and characterized by Southern, northern and western blot. BLSVP8d was highly expressed, representing 40% of total soluble protein (4.85 mg/g fresh tissue). BLSVP8d remained soluble and stable during all stages of plant development and even in lyophilized leaves stored at room temperature. Soluble protein extracts from fresh and lyophilized leaves were able to induce specific neutralizing IgY antibodies in a laying hen model. This work presents BLS as an interesting platform for highly immunogenic injectable, or even oral, subunit vaccines. Lyophilization of transplastomic leaves expressing stable antigenic fusions to BLS would further reduce costs and simplify downstream processing, purification and storage, allowing for more practical vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Federico Alfano
- Laboratorio de Virología y Biotecnología Vegetal, INGEBI-CONICET Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel M. Lentz
- Laboratorio de Virología y Biotecnología Vegetal, INGEBI-CONICET Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Demian Bellido
- Instituto de Virología, CICV y A, INTA CastelarBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando A. Goldbaum
- Fundación Instituto Leloir e Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET) Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando F. Bravo-Almonacid
- Laboratorio de Virología y Biotecnología Vegetal, INGEBI-CONICET Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, BernalBuenos Aires, Argentina
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