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Zhou Y, Mahmoud Ali HS, Xi J, Yao D, Zhang H, Li X, Yu K, Zhao F. Response of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of grape to different CO 2 concentrations in a greenhouse. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378749. [PMID: 39104849 PMCID: PMC11298494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to the enclosed environment of greenhouse grape production, the supply of CO2 required for photosynthesis is often insufficient, leading to photosynthetic downregulation and reduced yield. Currently, the optimal CO2 concentration for grape production in greenhouses is unknown, and the precise control of actual CO2 levels remains a challenge. This study aims to investigate the effects of different CO2 concentrations on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of grapes, to validate the feasibility of a CO2 gas irrigation system, and to identify the optimal CO2 concentration for greenhouse grape production. In this study, a CO2 gas irrigation system combining CO2 enrichment and gas irrigation techniques was used with a 5-year-old Eurasian grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) 'Flame Seedless.' Four CO2 concentration treatments were applied: 500 ppm (500 ± 30 µmol·mol-1), 700 ppm (700 ± 30 µmol·mol-1), 850 ppm (850 ± 30 µmol·mol-1), and 1,000 ppm (1,000 ± 30 µmol·mol-1). As CO2 concentration increased, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in grape leaves all reached maximum values at 700 ppm and 850 ppm during the same irrigation cycle, while the chlorophyll a/b ratio was lower than at other concentrations. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) of grape leaves were the highest at 700 ppm. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at 700 ppm and 850 ppm were significantly lower than those at other concentrations. The light saturation point and apparent quantum efficiency reached their maximum at 850 ppm, followed by 700 ppm. Additionally, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, electron transport rate, and activities of SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, and RuBisCO at 700 ppm were significantly higher than at other concentrations, with the highest yield recorded at 14.54 t·hm-2. However, when the CO2 concentration reached 1,000 ppm, both photosynthesis and yield declined to varying degrees. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal CO2 concentration for greenhouse grape production was 700 ppm, with excessive CO2 levels gradually inhibiting photosynthesis and yield. The results provide a theoretical basis for the future application of CO2 fertilization and gas irrigation techniques in controlled greenhouse grape production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Characteristics of Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengyun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Characteristics of Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Zhang Y, Wang N, He C, Gao Z, Chen G. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals major genes, transcription factors and biosynthetic pathways associated with leaf senescence in rice under different nitrogen application. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:419. [PMID: 38760728 PMCID: PMC11102181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world and the application of nitrogen fertilizer is an effective means of ensuring stable and high rice yields. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a decline in the quality of rice, but also leads to a series of environmental costs. Nitrogen reutilization is closely related to leaf senescence, and nitrogen deficiency will lead to early functional leaf senescence, whereas moderate nitrogen application will help to delay leaf senescence and promote the production of photosynthetic assimilation products in leaves to achieve yield increase. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism by which nitrogen affects rice senescence, to search for genes that are tolerant to low nitrogen, and to delay the premature senescence of rice functional leaves. RESULTS The present study was investigated the transcriptional changes in flag leaves between full heading and mature grain stages of rice (O. sativa) sp. japonica 'NanGeng 5718' under varying nitrogen (N) application: 0 kg/ha (no nitrogen; 0N), 240 kg/ha (moderate nitrogen; MN), and 300 kg/ha (high nitrogen; HN). Compared to MN condition, a total of 10427 and 8177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in 0N and HN, respectively. We selected DEGs with opposite expression trends under 0N and HN conditions for GO and KEGG analyses to reveal the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen response involving DEGs. We confirmed that different N applications caused reprogramming of plant hormone signal transduction, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and photosynthesis pathways in regulating leaf senescence. Most DEGs of the jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid metabolic pathways were up-regulated under 0N condition, whereas DEGs related to cytokinin and ascorbate metabolic pathways were induced in HN. Major transcription factors include ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families have similar expression patterns which were induced under N starvation condition. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that different nitrogen levels regulate rice leaf senescence mainly by affecting hormone levels and ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid promote early leaf senescence under low nitrogen condition, ethylene and ascorbate delay senescence under high nitrogen condition. In addition, ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families promote early leaf senescence. The relevant genes can be used as candidate genes for the regulation of senescence. The results will provide gene reference for further genomic studies and new insights into the gene functions, pathways and transcription factors of N level regulates leaf senescence in rice, thereby improving NUE and reducing the adverse effects of over-application of N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenggong He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Xian X, Qi Y, Zhao H, Cao J, Jia T, Yang N, Wan F, Weyl P, Liu WX. Temperature extremes nip invasive macrophyte Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray in the bud: potential geographic distributions and risk assessment based on future climate change and anthropogenic influences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393663. [PMID: 38817934 PMCID: PMC11137650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray, an ornamental submerged plant indigenous to tropical America, has been introduced to numerous countries in Europe, Asia, and Oceania, impacting native aquatic ecosystems. Given this species is a popular aquarium plant and widely traded, there is a high risk of introduction and invasion into other environments. In the current study the potential global geographic distribution of C. caroliniana was predicted under the effects of climate change and human influence in an optimised MaxEnt model. The model used rigorously screened occurrence records of C. caroliniana from hydro informatic datasets and 20 associated influencing factors. The findings indicate that temperature and human-mediated activities significantly influenced the distribution of C. caroliniana. At present, C. caroliniana covers an area of approximately 1531×104 km2 of appropriate habitat, especially in the south-eastern parts of South, central and North America, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and most of Europe. The suitable regions are anticipated to expand under future climate scenarios; however, the dynamics of the changes vary between different extents of climate change. For example, C. caroliniana is expected to expand to higher latitudes, following global temperature increases under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, however, intolerance to temperature extremes may mediate invasion at higher latitudes under future extreme climate scenarios, e.g., SSP5-8.5. Owing to the severe impacts its invasion causes, early warning and stringent border quarantine processes are required to guard against the introduction of C. caroliniana especially in the invasion hotspots such as, Peru, Italy, and South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philip Weyl
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) Centre, Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Wan-xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Xu Y, Xia J, Feng Z. Climate gradient and leaf carbon investment influence the effects of climate change on water use efficiency of forests: A meta-analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1070-1083. [PMID: 38018689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover a large area of the global land surface and are important carbon sinks. The water-carbon cycles of forests are prone to climate change, but uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of water use efficiency (WUE) response to climate change and the underpinning mechanism driving WUE variation. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), drought and elevated temperature (eT) on the leaf- to plant-level WUE, covering 80 field studies and 95 tree species. The results showed that eCO2 increased leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE (WUEi, WUEt), whereas drought enhanced both leaf- and plant-level WUEs. eT increased WUEi but decreased carbon isotope-based WUE, possibly due to the influence of mesophyll conductance. Stimulated leaf-level WUE by drought showed a progressing trend with increasing latitude, while eCO2 -induced WUE enhancement showed decreasing trends after >40° N. These latitudinal gradients might influence the spatial pattern of climate and further drove WUE variation. Moreover, high leaf-level WUE under eCO2 and drought was accompanied by low leaf carbon contents. Such a trade-off between growth efficiency and defence suggests a potentially compromised tolerance to diseases and pests. These findings add important ecophysiological parameters into climate models to predict carbon-water cycles of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Roy S, Kapoor R, Mathur P. Revisiting Changes in Growth, Physiology and Stress Responses of Plants under the Effect of Enhanced CO2 and Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:4-19. [PMID: 37935412 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has universally affected the whole ecosystem in a unified manner and is known to have improbable effects on agricultural productivity and food security. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature are the major environmental factors that have been shown to increase sharply during the last century and are directly responsible for affecting plant growth and development. A number of previous investigations have deliberated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth and development of various C3 crops, while detrimental effects of enhanced temperature on different crop plants like rice, wheat, maize and legumes are generally observed. A combined effect of elevated CO2 and temperature has yet to be studied in great detail; therefore, this review attempts to delineate the interactive effects of enhanced CO2 and temperature on plant growth, development, physiological and molecular responses. Elevated CO2 maintains leaf photosynthesis rate, respiration, transpiration and stomatal conductance in the presence of elevated temperature and sustains plant growth and productivity in the presence of both these environmental factors. Concomitantly, their interaction also affects the nutritional quality of seeds and leads to alterations in the composition of secondary metabolites. Elevated CO2 and temperature modulate phytohormone concentration in plants, and due to this fact, both environmental factors have substantial effects on abiotic and biotic stresses. Elevated CO2 and temperature have been shown to have mitigating effects on plants in the presence of other abiotic stress agents like drought and salinity, while no such pattern has been observed in the presence of biotic stress agents. This review focuses on the interactive effects of enhanced CO2 and temperature on different plants and is the first of its kind to deliver their combined responses in such detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
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Zhai B, Hu Z, Sun S, Tang Z, Wang G. Characteristics of photosynthetic rates in different vegetation types at high-altitude in mountainous regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168071. [PMID: 37898202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Mountains play an important role in the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem and are one of the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change. However, our current knowledge regarding the physiological responses of alpine plants to environmental changes remains limited due to the severe climatic conditions prevailing in these high-altitude regions. Therefore, this study quantified the variations in photosynthetic rates (An) and identified their driving factors of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees along an elevation gradient (2200 m asl to 3200 m asl) on Mount Gongga. Elevation emerged as a significant determinant of An, with a general increase observed, albeit followed by a decline above 3000 m asl. In high-altitude regions, trees displayed more significant fluctuations in An compared to herbaceous plants and shrubs. The lower levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) and temperature in high-altitude regions resulted in a 16 % increase in An for herbaceous plants, 60 % increase for shrubs, and 43 % increase for trees compared to the low-altitude areas. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses underscored the considerable impact of environmental factors on An. Notably, photosynthetically active radiation, eCO2, and stomatal conductance were identified as positive influencers, while other factors exerted negative effects. Our results further highlighted that trees were subject to greater constraints from multiple factors compared to herbs and shrubs, aligning with the outcomes of our variance analysis. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive assessment of vegetation responses to environmental factors along elevational gradients. The significance of An in plants at high altitude to external factors suggests the potential adaptability of alpine plants, and also indicates that changes in photosynthetic physiological functions at high altitude should be paid more attention to in the study of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China.
| | - Shouqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China.
| | - Zishu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
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Vaghar M, Eshghizadeh HR, Ehsanzadeh P. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration mitigates salt damages to safflower: Evidence from physiological and biochemical examinations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108242. [PMID: 38070243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical responses of salt-stressed safflower to elevated CO2 remain inadequately known. This study investigated the interactive effects of high CO2 concentration (700 ± 50 vs. 400 ± 50 μmol mol-1) and salinity stress levels (0.4, 6, and 12 dS m-1, NaCl) on growth and physiological properties of four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes, under open chamber conditions. Results showed that the effects of CO2 on biomass of shoot and grains depend on salt stress and plant genotype. Elevated CO2 conditions increased shoot dry weight under moderate salinity stress and decreased it under severe stress. The increased CO2 concentration also increased the safflower genotypes' relative water content and their K+/Na + concentrations. Also enriched CO2 increased total carotenoid levels in safflower genotypes and improved membrane stability index by reducing H2O2 levels. In addition, increased CO2 level led to an increase in seed oil content, under both saline and non-saline conditions. This effect was particularly pronounced under severe saline conditions. Under conditions of high CO2 and salinity, the Koseh genotype exhibited higher grain weight and seed oil content than other genotypes. This advantage is due to the higher relative water content, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and K+/Na+, as well as the lower Na+ and H2O2 concentrations. Results indicate that the high CO2 level mitigated the destructive effect of salinity on safflower growth by reducing Na + uptake and increasing the Fv/Fm, total soluble carbohydrates, and membrane stability index. This finding can be used in safflower breeding programs to develop cultivars that can thrive in arid regions with changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaghar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - H R Eshghizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - P Ehsanzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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8
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Liang K, Chen X, Liu F. Crosstalk between ABA and ethylene in regulating stomatal behavior in tomato under high CO2 and progressive soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5931-5946. [PMID: 37540146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by intensifying drought markedly impact plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to explore the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating the response of stomata to elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) and drought. Tomato plants with different endogenous ABA concentrations [Ailsa Craig (AC), the ABA-deficient mutant flacca, and ABA-overproducing transgenic tomato SP5] were grown in ambient (a[CO2], 400 μmol mol-1) and elevated (e[CO2],800 μmol mol-1) CO2 environments and subjected to progressive soil drying. Compared with a[CO2] plants, e[CO2] plants had significantly lower stomatal conductance in AC and SP5 but not in flacca. Under drought, e[CO2] plants had better water status and higher water use efficiency. e[CO2] promoted the accumulation of ABA in leaves of plants subjected to drought, which coincided with the up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of ABA metabolic genes. Although the increase of ABA induced by drought in flacca was much less than in AC and SP5, flacca accumulated large amounts of ethylene, suggesting that in plants with ABA deficiency, ethylene might play a compensatory role in inducing stomatal closure during soil drying. Collectively, these findings improve our understanding of plant performance in a future drier and higher-CO2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehao Liang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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Han Q, Liu Y, Jiang H, Chen X, Feng H. Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Distribution of Wild Radish in East Asia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3187. [PMID: 37765351 PMCID: PMC10534784 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can exert a considerable influence on the geographic distribution of many taxa, including coastal plants and populations of some plant species closely related to those used as agricultural crops. East Asian wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, is an annual coastal plant that is a wild relative of the cultivated radish (R. sativus). It has served as source of genetic material that has been helpful to develop and improve the quality and yield of radish crops. To assess the impact of climate change on wild radish in East Asia, we analyzed its distribution at different periods using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The results indicated that the precipitation of the driest month (bio14) and precipitation seasonality (bio15) were the two most dominant environmental factors that affected the geographical distribution of wild radish in East Asia. The total potential area suitable for wild radish is 102.5574 × 104 km2, mainly located along the seacoasts of southern China, Korea, and the Japanese archipelago. Compared with its current distribution regions, the potentially suitable areas for wild radish in the 2070s will further increase and expand northwards in Japan, especially on the sand beach habitats of Hokkaido. This research reveals the spatiotemporal changes for the coastal plant wild radish under global warming and simultaneously provides a vital scientific basis for effective utilization and germplasm innovation for radish cultivars to achieve sustainable agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China;
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China;
| | - Hongsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Xietian Chen
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Huizhe Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China;
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Vega-Mas I, Ascencio-Medina E, Bozal-Leorri A, González-Murua C, Marino D, González-Moro MB. Will crops with biological nitrification inhibition capacity be favored under future atmospheric CO 2? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1245427. [PMID: 37692431 PMCID: PMC10484480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1245427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Izargi Vega-Mas
- *Correspondence: Izargi Vega-Mas, ; María Begoña González-Moro,
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Chen D, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Zhang H, Hu J. A high efficiency CO 2 concentration interval optimization method for lettuce growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162731. [PMID: 36921876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The decline in carbon fertilization effects has shifted scientific focus toward the efficient and suitable regulation of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) for plant growth. In this study, the rapid A/CO2 response curve (RAC) data of lettuce were analyzed statistically under nine photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) and four temperatures. An efficient CO2 supplementation interval acquisition method based on the frequency distribution characteristics of RACs was proposed. The characteristic subsections of jumping were obtained depending on the frequency distribution of RACs. The cumulative contribution rate (CCR) of the characteristic subsections were >97 %, which showed the efficiency of the method. Additionally, U-chord curvature theory was used to simultaneously obtain the optimal regulated [CO2] for the same RAC curves, and the results showed that the [CO2] obtained by U-chord length were all within the interval obtained by the method, which proved the rationality of the method. The [CO2] interval supplement improved the daily CO2 exchange rate by 20.27 % and 21.64 % at 150 and 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, and increased the lettuce fresh biomass by 26.78 % at 150 μmol·m-2·s-1. Based on the interval of [CO2] efficient utilization regulation at various temperatures and PPFDs, a genetic algorithm-support vector regression model was built with R2 of the model was >0.84 and the root mean square error was <35.2256 μmol·mol-1. In conclusion, the [CO2] interval obtained by this method has a positive effect on lettuce growth. This work provides a new method for obtaining high-efficiency supplementary concentration of CO2 during the growth of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Information & Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Intelligent Agriculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Information & Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Intelligent Agriculture Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Zhongxiong Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Youqi Lu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jin Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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12
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Henderson-Carter A, Kinmonth-Schultz H, Hileman L, Ward JK. FLOWERING LOCUS C drives delayed flowering in Arabidopsis grown and selected at elevated CO 2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545149. [PMID: 37398485 PMCID: PMC10312727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Altered flowering time at elevated [CO 2 ] is well documented, although mechanisms are not well understood. An Arabidopsis genotype previously selected for high fitness at elevated [CO 2 ] (SG) showed delayed flowering and larger size at flowering when grown at elevated (700 ppm) versus current (380 ppm) [CO 2 ]. This response was correlated with prolonged expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ), a vernalization-responsive floral repressor gene. To determine if FLC directly delays flowering at elevated [CO 2 ] in SG, we used vernalization (extended cold) to downregulate FLC expression. We hypothesized that vernalization would eliminate delayed flowering at elevated [CO 2 ] through the direct reduction of FLC expression, eliminating differences in flowering time between current and elevated [CO 2 ]. We found that with downregulation of FLC expression via vernalization, SG plants grown at elevated [CO 2 ] no longer delayed flowering compared to current [CO 2 ]. Thus, vernalization returned the earlier flowering phenotype, counteracting effects of elevated [CO 2 ] on flowering. This study indicates that elevated [CO 2 ] can delay flowering directly through FLC , and downregulation of FLC under elevated [CO 2 ] reverses this effect. Moreover, this study demonstrates that increasing [CO 2 ] may potentially drive major changes in development through FLC .
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13
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Gámez AL, Han X, Aranjuelo I. Differential Effect of Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) in Different Organs and Growth Stages of Two Cultivars of Durum Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:686. [PMID: 36771770 PMCID: PMC9920850 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a target crop within the food security context. The responses of wheat plants under elevated concentrations of CO2 (e[CO2]) have been previously studied; however, few of these studies have evaluated several organs at different phenological stages simultaneously under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of e[CO2] in two cultivars of wheat (Triumph and Norin), analyzed at three phenological stages (elongation, anthesis, and maturation) and in different organs at each stage, under FACE conditions. Agronomic, biomass, physiological, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics were examined in both ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) fixed at 415 µmol mol-1 CO2 and e[CO2] at 550 µmol mol-1 CO2. We found minimal effect of e[CO2] compared to a[CO2] on agronomic and biomass parameters. Also, while exposure to 550 µmol mol-1 CO2 increased the photosynthetic rate of CO2 assimilation (An), the current study showed a diminishment in the maximum carboxylation (Vc,max) and maximum electron transport (Jmax) under e[CO2] conditions compared to a[CO2] at physiological level in both cultivars. However, even if no significant differences were detected between cultivars on photosynthetic machinery, differential responses between cultivars were detected in C and N dynamics at e[CO2]. Triumph showed starch accumulation in most organs during anthesis and maturation, but a decline in N content was observed. Contrastingly, in Norin, a decrease in starch content during the three stages and an increase in N content was observed. The amino acid content decreased in grain and shells at maturation in both cultivars, which might indicate a minimal translocation from source to sink organs. These results suggest a greater acclimation to e[CO2] enrichment in Triumph than Norin, because both the elongation stage and e[CO2] modified the source-sink relationship. According to the differences between cultivars, future studies should be performed to test genetic variation under FACE technology and explore the potential of cultivars to cope with projected climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L. Gámez
- Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC—Government of Navarre, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain
- NAFOSA Company, 31350 Peralta, Spain
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IEDA, CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Agrobiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC—Government of Navarre, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain
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14
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Gattmann M, McAdam SAM, Birami B, Link R, Nadal-Sala D, Schuldt B, Yakir D, Ruehr NK. Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:252-264. [PMID: 36250901 PMCID: PMC9806622 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cause of reduced leaf-level transpiration under elevated CO2 remains largely elusive. Here, we assessed stomatal, hydraulic, and morphological adjustments in a long-term experiment on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedlings germinated and grown for 22-40 months under elevated (eCO2; c. 860 ppm) or ambient (aCO2; c. 410 ppm) CO2. We assessed if eCO2-triggered reductions in canopy conductance (gc) alter the response to soil or atmospheric drought and are reversible or lasting due to anatomical adjustments by exposing eCO2 seedlings to decreasing [CO2]. To quantify underlying mechanisms, we analyzed leaf abscisic acid (ABA) level, stomatal and leaf morphology, xylem structure, hydraulic efficiency, and hydraulic safety. Effects of eCO2 manifested in a strong reduction in leaf-level gc (-55%) not caused by ABA and not reversible under low CO2 (c. 200 ppm). Stomatal development and size were unchanged, while stomatal density increased (+18%). An increased vein-to-epidermis distance (+65%) suggested a larger leaf resistance to water flow. This was supported by anatomical adjustments of branch xylem having smaller conduits (-8%) and lower conduit lumen fraction (-11%), which resulted in a lower specific conductivity (-19%) and leaf-specific conductivity (-34%). These adaptations to CO2 did not change stomatal sensitivity to soil or atmospheric drought, consistent with similar xylem safety thresholds. In summary, we found reductions of gc under elevated CO2 to be reflected in anatomical adjustments and decreases in hydraulic conductivity. As these water savings were largely annulled by increases in leaf biomass, we do not expect alleviation of drought stress in a high CO2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Gattmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Roman Link
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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15
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Sun Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:477-504. [PMID: 36271675 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade-off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2 . Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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16
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Feng YX, Tian P, Li CZ, Zhang Q, Trapp S, Yu XZ. Individual and mutual effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on salt and cadmium uptake and translocation by rice seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161334. [PMID: 37089641 PMCID: PMC10113512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant kingdoms are facing increasingly harsh environmental challenges marked by the coexposure of salinity and pollution in the pedosphere and elevated CO2 and temperature in the atmosphere due to the rapid acceleration of industrialization and global climate change. In this study, we deployed a hydroponics-based experiment to explore the individual and mutual effects of different temperatures (low temperature, T1: 23°C; high temperature, T2: 27°C) and CO2 concentrations (ambient CO2: 360 ppm; medium CO2: 450 ppm; high CO2: 700 ppm) on the uptake and translocation of sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.1 g Na/L) and cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, 0.0, 0.2, 1.8, and 5.4 mg Cd/L) by rice seedlings. The results indicated that Cd and Na exposure significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited plant growth, but T2 and medium/high CO2 alleviated the effects of Cd and Na on plant growth. Neither significant synergistic nor antagonistic effects of Cd and Na were observed, particularly not at T1 or high CO2. At increasing temperatures, relative growth rates increased despite higher concentrations of Cd and Na in both rice roots and shoots. Similarly, higher CO2 stimulated the growth rate but resulted in significantly lower concentrations of Na, while the Cd concentration was highest at medium CO2. Coexposure experiments suggested that the concentration of Cd in roots slightly declined with additional Na and more at T2. Overall, our preliminary study suggested that global climate change may alter the distribution of mineral and toxic elements in rice plants as well as the tolerance of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Stefan Trapp, ; Xiao-Zhang Yu,
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Stefan Trapp, ; Xiao-Zhang Yu,
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17
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Thompson M, Okamoto M, Martin A, Seneweera S. Grain protein concentration at elevated [CO2] is determined by genotype dependent variations in nitrogen remobilisation and nitrogen utilisation efficiency in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:120-128. [PMID: 36228443 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Predictions for wheat grown under future climate conditions indicate a decline in grain protein concentration accompanied with an increase in yield due to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations. Currently, there is a lack of understanding as to the complete mechanism that governs the response of grain protein concentration (GPC) to elevated carbon dioxide (e[CO2]). We investigated the GPC of 18 wheat genotypes from a doubled haploid wheat population and the two parental genotypes, Kukri and RAC0875. In addition, other nitrogen and biomass related traits were analysed to further elucidate which traits are connected with the decline in GPC. Wheat was grown under ambient and elevated [CO2] in an environmentally controlled glasshouse. Plant nitrogen and biomass accumulation were measured at anthesis and maturity. We found that GPC declined under e[CO2] and that the response of GPC to e[CO2] was negatively correlated with nitrogen utilisation efficiency and harvest index. The extent that total biomass (anthesis), harvest index, photosynthesis, nitrogen utilisation and remobilisation efficiency, total nitrogen remobilisation and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake impacted GPC in response to e[CO2] varied across genotype, suggesting that multiple mechanisms are responsible for GPC decline at e[CO2] and that these mechanisms are effected differentially across genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thompson
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Integrity Ag and Environment, Highfields, QLD, Australia
| | - Mamoru Okamoto
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anke Martin
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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18
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Lobo AKM, Catarino ICA, Silva EA, Centeno DC, Domingues DS. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Woody Plants Exposed to Future Atmospheric CO2 Levels under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141880. [PMID: 35890514 PMCID: PMC9322912 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is mainly driven by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere in the last century. Plant growth is constantly challenged by environmental fluctuations including heat waves, severe drought and salinity, along with ozone accumulation in the atmosphere. Food security is at risk in an increasing world population, and it is necessary to face the current and the expected effects of global warming. The effects of the predicted environment scenario of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and more severe abiotic stresses have been scarcely investigated in woody plants, and an integrated view involving physiological, biochemical and molecular data is missing. This review highlights the effects of elevated CO2 in the metabolism of woody plants and the main findings of its interaction with abiotic stresses, including a molecular point of view, aiming to improve the understanding of how woody plants will face the predicted environmental conditions. Overall, e[CO2] stimulates photosynthesis and growth and attenuates mild to moderate abiotic stress in woody plants if root growth and nutrients are not limited. Moreover, e[CO2] does not induce acclimation in most tree species. Some high-throughput analyses involving omics techniques were conducted to better understand how these processes are regulated. Finally, knowledge gaps in the understanding of how the predicted climate condition will affect woody plant metabolism were identified, with the aim of improving the growth and production of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla M. Lobo
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.L.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Ingrid C. A. Catarino
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
| | - Emerson A. Silva
- Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo 04301-002, Brazil;
| | - Danilo C. Centeno
- Centre for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil;
| | - Douglas S. Domingues
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.K.M.L.); (D.S.D.)
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19
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The Future Potential Distribution and Sustainable Management of Ancient Pu’er Tea Trees (Camellia sinensis var. assamica (J. W. Mast.) Kitam.). FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ancient Pu’er tea trees (Camellia sinensis var. assamica (J. W. Mast.) Kitam.) are an important ecological resource with high economic value. Knowledge of the environmental variables shaping the original distribution and the effects of climate change on the future potential distribution of these trees, as well as the identification of sustainable management approaches, is essential for ensuring their future health and production. Here, we used 28 current environmental variables and the future climate data to model the suitable areas for ancient Pu’er tea trees. We also compared the health of these ancient trees in areas under different local management strategies. The results suggested the general distribution is likely to remain stable, but there are environmentally suitable areas outside its current habitats. To achieve more sustainable management, the main areas in which the management of poorly-managed trees can be improved include learning from managers of well-managed trees and following the common technical management regulations stipulated by the local government. The suitable value ranges for environmental factors, potentially suitable areas under climate change, and assessment of management approaches will aid the future cultivation and transplantation of ancient Pu’er tea trees. The methodology includes management-level analysis and provides practical insights that could be applied to regions outside the most suitable areas identified.
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20
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Enhancement of Bioactive Constituents in Fresh Cauliflower By-Products in Challenging Climate Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050958. [PMID: 35624822 PMCID: PMC9137807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to mitigate the detrimental impact that climate change is having on plants, the study of new practices that allow for the reduction of such effects has become imperative. In addition, the revaluation of the promotion of healthy plant by-products has also markedly increased in importance in recent years. In this work, the modifications in biomass and some antioxidant compounds of cauliflower by-products treated with putrescine under extreme temperatures in two different CO2 scenarios (the control (400 ppm) and a high concentration of CO2 (1000 ppm)) were studied. Additionally, the compositions of inner and outer leaves were also compared. According to results found in this work, cauliflower grown under elevated CO2 and treated with putrescine (2.5 mM) prior to heat stress showed the highest biomass accumulation (20%) compared to the control. Moreover, in the outer leaves from cauliflower grown under elevated CO2 and treated with putrescine prior to high temperature exposure, the highest biosynthesis of sugars (20%) was recorded. Although cauliflower by-products turned out to be rich in polyamines (208.6 nmoles g−1 fresh weight (FW) and 124.3 nmoles g−1 FW for outer and inner leaves, respectively) and phenolic compounds (1070.2 mg gallic acid equivalents ( (GAE) 100 g−1 FW in outer leaves and 772.0 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW in inner leaves), it was the outer leaves that after applying the new strategy showed the greatest increase in polyamines (68%) and phenolic compounds (39%), obtaining here the highest increase in antioxidant activity (3%). Thus, they should no longer be regarded as mere by-products and should be used for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical purposes. The novel strategy presented in this work may allow us to take advantage of both the continued increase in CO2 and heat waves that are becoming more frequent.
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21
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Molecular and Metabolic Changes under Environmental Stresses: The Biosynthesis of Quality Components in Preharvest Tea Shoots. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe environments impose various abiotic stresses on tea plants. Although much is known about the physiological and biochemical responses of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) shoots under environmental stresses, little is known about how these stresses impact the biosynthesis of quality components. This review summarizes and analyzes the changes in molecular and quality components in tea shoots subjected to major environmental stresses during the past 20 years, including light (shade, blue light, green light, and UV-B), drought, high/low temperature, CO2, and salinity. These studies reveal that carbon and nitrogen metabolism is critical to the downstream biosynthesis of quality components. Based on the molecular responses of tea plants to stresses, a series of artificial methods have been suggested to treat the pre-harvest tea plants that are exposed to inhospitable environments to improve the quality components in shoots. Furthermore, many pleiotropic genes that are up- or down-regulated under both single and concurrent stresses were analyzed as the most effective genes for regulating multi-resistance and quality components. These findings deepen our understanding of how environmental stresses affect the quality components of tea, providing novel insights into strategies for balancing plant resistance, growth, and quality components in field-based cultivation and for breeding plants using pleiotropic genes.
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22
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Active repair of a dinuclear photocatalyst for visible-light-driven hydrogen production. Nat Chem 2022; 14:500-506. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA, Pons TL. A meta-analysis of responses of C 3 plants to atmospheric CO 2 : dose-response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole-plant level. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1560-1596. [PMID: 34657301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generalised dose-response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2 . We carried out a meta-analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2 ] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose-response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200-1200 µmol mol-1 CO2 , some traits more than doubled (e.g. area-based photosynthesis; intrinsic water-use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area-based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2 ], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200-1200 µmol mol-1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2 ] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2 ], and some traits (such as area-based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2 ] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose-response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Oliver Knopf
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Andries A Temme
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4879, Australia
| | - Thijs L Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS. Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1-31. [PMID: 34351488 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions that affect abiotic and biotic components of the world. It results in alteration in environmental conditions such as heat waves, intensity of rainfall, CO2 concentration and temperature that lead to rise in new pests, weeds and pathogens. Climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth and development worldwide. It impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and reduces physiological responses in plants. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect the agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. With this background, this review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, drought and salinity on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, this paper outlines an overview on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their impact on the biochemical and molecular status of plants with increased climatic variations. Also additionally, different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to combat environmental adversities have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chaudhry
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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Pandey BB, Ratnakumar P, Usha Kiran B, Dudhe MY, Lakshmi GS, Ramesh K, Guhey A. Identifying Traits Associated With Terminal Drought Tolerance in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:739896. [PMID: 34956253 PMCID: PMC8709571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is predominantly cultivated in rainfed and low fertile lands and is frequently exposed to terminal drought. Sesamum species inhabiting dryland ecosystems adaptively diverge from those inhabiting rainfed habitats, and drought-specific traits have a genetic basis. In sesame, traits associated with drought conditions have not been explored to date, yet studies of these traits are needed given that drought is predicted to become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world because of climate change. Here, 76 accessions from the available Indian core set were used to quantify variation in several traits under irrigated (WW) and terminal drought stress (WS) conditions as well as their association with seed yield over two consecutive years. The range of trait variation among the studied genotypes under WW and WS was significant. Furthermore, the traits associated with seed yield under WW and WS differed. The per se performance of the accessions indicated that the expression of most traits was reduced under WS. The correlation analysis revealed that the number of branches, leaf area (LA), leaves dry weight (LDW), number of capsules plant-1, and harvest index (HI) were positively correlated with seed yield under WW and WS, and total dry matter (TDM), plant stem weight, and canopy temperature (CT) were negatively correlated with seed yield under WW and WS, indicating that smaller and cooler canopy genotypes had higher yields. The genotypes IC-131936, IC-204045, IC-204861, IC-205363, IC-205311, and IC-73576 with the highest seed yields were characterized by low canopy temperature, high relative water content, and high harvest index under WS. Phenotypic and molecular diversity analysis was conducted on genotypes along with checks. Phenotypic diversity was assessed using multivariate analysis, whereas molecular diversity was estimated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci to facilitate the use of sesame in breeding and genetic mapping. SSRs showed low allelic variation, as indicated by a low average number of alleles (2.31) per locus, gene diversity (0.25), and polymorphism information content (0.22). Cluster analysis (CA) [neighbor-joining (NJ) tree] revealed three major genotypic groups and structure analysis showed 4 populations. The diverse genotypes identified with promising morpho-physiological traits can be used in breeding programs to develop new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bihari Pandey
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, India
| | - P. Ratnakumar
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - B. Usha Kiran
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mangesh Y. Dudhe
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Sowjanya Lakshmi
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, India
| | - Kulasekaran Ramesh
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arti Guhey
- Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, India
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Dubeaux G, Hsu PK, Ceciliato PHO, Swink KJ, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. Deep dive into CO2-dependent molecular mechanisms driving stomatal responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2032-2042. [PMID: 35142859 PMCID: PMC8644143 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances are revealing mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis, stomatal architecture and stomatal movements in grasses, and the long-term impact of CO2 on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dubeaux
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Kelsey J Swink
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Physics Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- Author for communication:
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Agüera E, de la Haba P. Climate Change Impacts on Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2646. [PMID: 34961117 PMCID: PMC8705722 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical, biological, and morphogenetic processes of plants are affected by ongoing climate change, causing alterations in crop development, growth, and productivity. Climate change is currently producing ecosystem modifications, making it essential to study plants with an improved adaptive capacity in the face of environmental modifications. This work examines the physiological and metabolic changes taking place during the development of sunflower plants due to environmental modifications resulting from climate change: elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increased temperatures. Variations in growth, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as their effect on the plant's oxidative state in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants, are studied. An understanding of the effect of these interacting factors (elevated CO2 and elevated temperatures) on plant development and stress response is imperative to understand the impact of climate change on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Agüera
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
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Ahammed GJ, Guang Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Mechanisms of elevated CO 2-induced thermotolerance in plants: the role of phytohormones. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2273-2286. [PMID: 34269828 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is a key driver of climate change, intensifying drastic changes in meteorological parameters. Plants can sense and respond to changes in environmental parameters including atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. High temperatures beyond the physiological threshold can significantly affect plant growth and development and thus attenuate crop productivity. However, elevated atmospheric CO2 can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on plants. Despite a large body of literature supporting the positive impact of elevated CO2 on thermotolerance, the underlying biological mechanisms and precise molecular pathways that lead to enhanced tolerance to heat stress remain largely unclear. Under heat stress, elevated CO2-induced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play a critical role in stomatal movement, which optimizes gas exchange to enhance photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Notably, elevated CO2 also fortifies antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis to alleviate heat-induced oxidative damage. Both hormone-dependent and independent pathways have been shown to mediate high CO2-induced thermotolerance. The activation of heat-shock factors and subsequent expression of heat-shock proteins are thought to be the essential mechanism downstream of hormone and ROS signaling. Here we review the role of phytohormones in plant response to high atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of elevated CO2-induced thermotolerance by focusing on several key phytohormones such as ethylene. Finally, we address some limitations of our current understanding and the need for further research to unveil the yet-unknown crosstalk between plant hormones in mediating high CO2-induced thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
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Sekhar KM, Kota VR, Reddy TP, Rao KV, Reddy AR. Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO 2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:21-40. [PMID: 32632534 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO2 concentration [(CO2)]. Increase in atmospheric [CO2] significantly improved crop photosynthesis and productivity initially which vary with plant species, genotype, [CO2] exposure time and biotic as well as abiotic stress factors. Numerous attempts have been made using different plant species to unravel the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of elevated [CO2] as well as drought. This review focuses on plant responses to elevated [CO2] and drought individually as well as in combination with special reference to physiology of photosynthesis including its acclimation. Furthermore, the functional role of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relation to photosynthetic acclimation and crop productivity under elevated [CO2] and drought are reviewed. In addition, we also discussed different strategies to ameliorate the limitations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Further, improved stomatal and mesophyll conductance and NUE for enhanced crop productivity under fast changing global climate conditions through biotechnological approaches are also discussed here. We conclude that multiple gene editing approaches for key events in photosynthetic processes would serve as the best strategy to generate resilient crop plants with improved productivity under fast changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalva Madhana Sekhar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Vamsee Raja Kota
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - T Papi Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - K V Rao
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
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Lauriks F, Salomón RL, De Roo L, Steppe K. Leaf and tree responses of young European aspen trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration vary over the season. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1877-1892. [PMID: 33824983 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) commonly stimulates net leaf assimilation, decreases stomatal conductance and has no clear effect on leaf respiration. However, effects of eCO2 on whole-tree functioning and its seasonal dynamics remain far more uncertain. To evaluate temporal and spatial variability in eCO2 effects, 1-year-old European aspen trees were grown in two treatment chambers under ambient (aCO2, 400 p.p.m.) and elevated (eCO2, 700 p.p.m.) CO2 concentrations during an early (spring 2019) and late (autumn 2018) seasonal experiment. Leaf (net carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and leaf respiration) and whole-tree (stem growth, sap flow and stem CO2 efflux) responses to eCO2 were measured. Under eCO2, carbon assimilation was stimulated during the early (1.63-fold) and late (1.26-fold) seasonal experiments. Stimulation of carbon assimilation changed over time with largest increases observed in spring when stem volumetric growth was highest, followed by late season down-regulation, when stem volumetric growth ceased. The neutral eCO2 effect on stomatal conductance and leaf respiration measured at leaf level paralleled the unresponsive canopy conductance (derived from sap flow measurements) and stem CO2 efflux measured at tree level. Our results highlight that seasonality in carbon demand for tree growth substantially affects the magnitude of the response to eCO2 at both leaf and whole-tree level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lauriks
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Yu-Zheng Z, Han-Qing Z, Ping L, Dong-Sheng Z, Xing-Yu H, Zhi-Qiang G. Leaf nitrogen have a better relationship with photosynthesis performance across wheat species under elevated CO 2 and drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:964-973. [PMID: 34256250 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentrations and persistent drought are predicted to inhibit the photosynthetic performance and yield of crops. Such effects vary considerably between species groups. Modern cultivated (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) and wild (Triticum dicoccoides Korn L., AABB and Triticum monococcum L., AA) species of wheat were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (ambient concentration +200 μmol mol-1) and drought (well watered: 75-85% of the field water capacity; drought: 50-60% of the field water capacity) at open-top chamber experimental facilities. Elevated CO2 concentration decreased the limitation of stomatal morphology traits on stomatal conductance regulation. This could compensate the disadvantage of plants who has low stomatal density and large single stomatal area as well as low leaf water use efficiency such as modern wheat Z9023 in drought acclimation in the future CO2 rising world. Moreover, elevated CO2 concentration largely increased the dependence of light harvesting and electron transportation performance per photosynthesis system II reaction center, maximum rubisco carboxylation rate, and maximum Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate on leaf nitrogen concentration across the selected wheat species and water regimes. Modern cultivated cultivars Z9023 and CH58 have higher photosynthetic performance per unit of leaf nitrogen than wild species under elevated CO2 concentrations. The increasing CO2 may present opportunities to breeders and possibly allow them to select for cultivars with better photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency response to future CO2 rising climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Yu-Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhang Han-Qing
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Ping
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhang Dong-Sheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Hao Xing-Yu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Gao Zhi-Qiang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultrual University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, PR China
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Roy S, Mathur P. Delineating the mechanisms of elevated CO 2 mediated growth, stress tolerance and phytohormonal regulation in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1345-1365. [PMID: 34169360 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has drastically affected natural ecosystems and crop productivity. Among several factors of global climate change, CO2 is considered to be the dynamic parameter that will regulate the responses of all biological system on earth in the coming decade. A number of experimental studies in the past have demonstrated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis, growth and biomass, biochemical and physiological processes such as increased C:N ratio, secondary metabolite production, as well as phytohormone concentrations. On the other hand, elevated CO2 imparts an adverse effect on the nutritional quality of crop plants and seed quality. Investigations have also revealed effects of elevated CO2 both at cellular and molecular level altering expression of various genes involved in various metabolic processes and stress signaling pathways. Elevated CO2 is known to have mitigating effect on plants in presence of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature etc., while contrasting effects in the presence of different biotic agents i.e. phytopathogens, insects and herbivores. However, a well-defined crosstalk is incited by elevated CO2 both under abiotic and biotic stresses in terms of phytohormones concentration and secondary metabolites production. With this background, the present review attempts to shed light on the major effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth, physiological and molecular responses and will highlight the interactive effects of elevated CO2 with other abiotic and biotic factors. The article will also provide deep insights into the phytohormones modulation under elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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Catarino ICA, Monteiro GB, Ferreira MJP, Torres LMB, Domingues DS, Centeno DC, Lobo AKM, Silva EA. Elevated [CO2] Mitigates Drought Effects and Increases Leaf 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid and Caffeine Concentrations During the Early Growth of Coffea Arabica Plants. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.676207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric [CO2] is thought to contribute to changes in precipitation patterns, increasing heatwaves and severe drought scenarios. However, how the combination of elevated [CO2] and progressive drought affect plant metabolism is poorly understood. Aiming to investigate the effects of this environmental condition on photosynthesis and specialized metabolites in leaves of Coffea arabica during the early growth, plants fertilized with ambient (a[CO2]-400 ppm) and elevated (e[CO2]-800 ppm) [CO2] were exposed to well-watered (WW) or water-deficit (WD) regimes for 40 days. Over the 40-day-water-withdrawal, soil moisture, and leaf water potential decreased compared to WW-condition. Elevated [CO2] stimulates CO2 assimilation (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) even under WD. Drought condition slightly changed stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) regardless of [CO2] compared to WW-plants. Total soluble amino acid concentration did not change significantly, while total phenolic compounds concentration decreased under e[CO2] regardless of water regimes. The combination of e[CO2]+WD increased the 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and caffeine amounts by 40-day when compared to a[CO2]+WD plants. Altogether, these results suggest that e[CO2] buffers mild-drought stress in young C. arabica by increasing A, iWUE and stimulating changes in the leaf contents of 5-CQA and caffeine.
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Wang K, Xu F, Yuan W, Sun L, Wang S, Aslam MM, Zhang J, Xu W. G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 is involved in rice adaptation under elevated CO 2 concentration by regulating leaf photosynthesis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:67. [PMID: 34264430 PMCID: PMC8282829 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 plays multiple roles in rice growth and development. However, the role of qPE9-1 in rice exposed to elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) is unknown. Here, we investigated its role in the regulation of rice growth under eCO2 conditions using qPE9-1 overexpression (OE) lines, RNAi lines and corresponding WT rice. Compared to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (aCO2), relative expression of qPE9-1 in rice leaf was approximately tenfold higher under eCO2. Under eCO2, the growth of WT and qPE9-1-overexpressing rice was significantly higher than under aCO2. Moreover, there was no significant effect of eCO2 on the growth of qPE9-1 RNAi lines. Furthermore, WT and qPE9-1-overexpressing rice showed higher net photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate content under eCO2 than under aCO2. Moreover, the relative expression of some photosynthesis related genes in WT, but not in RNAi3 line, showed significant difference under eCO2 in RNA-seq analysis. Compared to WT and RNAi lines, the rbcL gene expression and Rubisco content of rice leaves in qPE9-1-overexpressors were higher under eCO2. Overall, these results suggest that qPE9-1 is involved in rice adaptation under elevated CO2 concentration by regulating leaf photosynthesis via moderating rice photosynthetic light reaction and Rubisco content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Leyun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China.
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Marcos-Barbero EL, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Arellano JB, Morcuende R. Genotypic Variability on Grain Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality Characteristics of Wheat Grown under Elevated CO 2 and High Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1043. [PMID: 34064280 PMCID: PMC8224326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The progressive rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature associated with climate change is predicted to have a major impact on the productivity and quality of food crops. Therefore, food security is highly dependent on climate change. Following a survey with 60 bread wheat genotypes, here we investigated the genetic variation in grain yield and nutritional quality among 10 of these genotypes grown under elevated CO2 and temperature. With this purpose, the biomass production, grain yield-related traits, the grain concentration of starch, total protein, phenolic compounds, and mineral nutrients, together with the total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Variation among genotypes was found for almost all the studied traits. Higher grain and ear numbers were associated with increased grain yield but decreased grain total protein concentration and minerals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn. Mineral nutrients were mainly associated with wheat biomass, whereas protein concentration was affected by plant biomass and yield-related traits. Associations among different nutrients and promising nutrient concentrations in some wheat genotypes were also found. This study demonstrates that the exploration of genetic diversity is a powerful approach, not only for selecting genotypes with improved quality, but also for dissecting the effect of the environment on grain yield and nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (E.L.M.-B.); (P.P.); (R.M.-C.); (J.B.A.)
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Lauriks F, Salomón RL, Steppe K. Temporal variability in tree responses to elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1292-1310. [PMID: 33368341 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At leaf level, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2 ) results in stimulation of carbon net assimilation and reduction of stomatal conductance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of eCO2 at larger temporal (seasonal and annual) and spatial (from leaf to whole-tree) scales is still lacking. Here, we review overall trends, magnitude and drivers of dynamic tree responses to eCO2 , including carbon and water relations at the leaf and the whole-tree level. Spring and early season leaf responses are most susceptible to eCO2 and are followed by a down-regulation towards the onset of autumn. At the whole-tree level, CO2 fertilization causes consistent biomass increments in young seedlings only, whereas mature trees show a variable response. Elevated CO2 -induced reductions in leaf stomatal conductance do not systematically translate into limitation of whole-tree transpiration due to the unpredictable response of canopy area. Reduction in the end-of-season carbon sink demand and water-limiting strategies are considered the main drivers of seasonal tree responses to eCO2 . These large temporal and spatial variabilities in tree responses to eCO2 highlight the risk of predicting tree behavior to eCO2 based on single leaf-level point measurements as they only reveal snapshots of the dynamic responses to eCO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lauriks
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Natural Resources and Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Nissan H, Ukawuba I, Thomson M. Climate-proofing a malaria eradication strategy. Malar J 2021; 20:190. [PMID: 33865383 PMCID: PMC8053291 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent initiatives, the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group on Malaria Eradication and the Lancet Commission on Malaria Eradication, have assessed the feasibility of achieving global malaria eradication and proposed strategies to achieve it. Both reports rely on a climate-driven model of malaria transmission to conclude that long-term trends in climate will assist eradication efforts overall and, consequently, neither prioritize strategies to manage the effects of climate variability and change on malaria programming. This review discusses the pathways via which climate affects malaria and reviews the suitability of climate-driven models of malaria transmission to inform long-term strategies such as an eradication programme. Climate can influence malaria directly, through transmission dynamics, or indirectly, through myriad pathways including the many socioeconomic factors that underpin malaria risk. These indirect effects are largely unpredictable and so are not included in climate-driven disease models. Such models have been effective at predicting transmission from weeks to months ahead. However, due to several well-documented limitations, climate projections cannot accurately predict the medium- or long-term effects of climate change on malaria, especially on local scales. Long-term climate trends are shifting disease patterns, but climate shocks (extreme weather and climate events) and variability from sub-seasonal to decadal timeframes have a much greater influence than trends and are also more easily integrated into control programmes. In light of these conclusions, a pragmatic approach is proposed to assessing and managing the effects of climate variability and change on long-term malaria risk and on programmes to control, eliminate and ultimately eradicate the disease. A range of practical measures are proposed to climate-proof a malaria eradication strategy, which can be implemented today and will ensure that climate variability and change do not derail progress towards eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nissan
- Grantham Research Institute for Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
| | - Israel Ukawuba
- Mailman School for Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Mora‐Ramirez I, Weichert H, von Wirén N, Frohberg C, de Bodt S, Schmidt R, Weber H. The da1 mutation in wheat increases grain size under ambient and elevated CO 2 but not grain yield due to trade-off between grain size and grain number. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:61-73. [PMID: 37284283 PMCID: PMC10168082 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is potentially yield determining in wheat, controlled by the ubiquitin pathway and negatively regulated by ubiquitin receptor DA1. We analyzed whether increased thousand grain weight in wheat da1 mutant is translated into higher grain yield and whether additional carbon provided by elevated (e)CO2 can be better used by the da1, displaying higher grain sink strength and size. Yield-related, biomass, grain quality traits, and grain dimensions were analyzed by two-factorial mixed-model analysis, regarding genotype and eCO2. da1 increased grain size but reduced spikes and grains per plant, grains per spike, and spikelets per spike, independent of eCO2 treatment, leaving total grain yield unchanged. eCO2 increased yield and grain number additively and independently of da1 but did not overcome the trade-off between grain size and number observed for da1. eCO2 but not da1 impaired grain quality, strongly decreasing concentrations of several macroelement and microelement. In conclusion, intrinsic stimulation of grain sink strength and grain size, achieved by da1, is not benefitting total yield unless trade-offs between grain size and numbers can be overcome. The results reveal interactions of yield components in da1-wheat under ambient and eCO2, thereby uncovering limitations enhancing wheat yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mora‐Ramirez
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Heiko Weichert
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | | | | | | | - Hans Weber
- Leibniz Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
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Gattmann M, Birami B, Nadal Sala D, Ruehr NK. Dying by drying: Timing of physiological stress thresholds related to tree death is not significantly altered by highly elevated CO 2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:356-370. [PMID: 33150582 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to occur more frequently under predicted climate change. However, the extent of a possibly mitigating effect of simultaneously rising atmospheric [CO2 ] on stress thresholds leading to tree death is not fully understood, yet. Here, we studied the drought response, the time until critical stress thresholds were reached and mortality occurrence of Pinus halepensis (Miller). In order to observe a large potential benefit from eCO2 , the seedlings were grown with ample of water and nutrient supply under either highly elevated [CO2 ] (eCO2 , c. 936 ppm) or ambient (aCO2 , c. 407 ppm) during 2 years. The subsequent exposure to a fast or a slow lethal drought was monitored using whole-tree gas exchange chambers, measured leaf water potential and non-structural carbohydrates. Using logistic regressions to derive probabilities for physiological parameters to reach critical drought stress thresholds, indicated a longer period for halving needle starch storage under eCO2 than aCO2 . Stomatal closure, turgor loss, the duration until the daily tree C balance turned negative, leaf water potential at thresholds and time-of-death were unaffected by eCO2 . Overall, our study provides for the first-time insights into the chronological interplay of physiological drought thresholds under long-term acclimation to elevated [CO2 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Gattmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nadal Sala
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nadine Katrin Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Toreti A, Deryng D, Tubiello FN, Müller C, Kimball BA, Moser G, Boote K, Asseng S, Pugh TAM, Vanuytrecht E, Pleijel H, Webber H, Durand JL, Dentener F, Ceglar A, Wang X, Badeck F, Lecerf R, Wall GW, van den Berg M, Hoegy P, Lopez-Lozano R, Zampieri M, Galmarini S, O'Leary GJ, Manderscheid R, Mencos Contreras E, Rosenzweig C. Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO 2 on crops. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:775-782. [PMID: 37128059 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food systems. Here, we review the current experimental evidence and crop models on the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. Recent concerted efforts have narrowed the uncertainties in CO2-induced crop responses so that climate change impact simulations omitting CO2 can now be eliminated. To address remaining knowledge gaps and uncertainties in estimating the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on crops, future research should expand experiments on more crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improve the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models, and simulate additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toreti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Delphine Deryng
- NewClimate Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- IRI THESys, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Francesco N Tubiello
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bruce A Kimball
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eline Vanuytrecht
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrej Ceglar
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environment LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Franz Badeck
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, CREA-GB, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Remi Lecerf
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Gerard W Wall
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Zampieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Erik Mencos Contreras
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Rosenzweig
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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41
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Saban JM, Watson-Lazowski A, Chapman MA, Taylor G. The methylome is altered for plants in a high CO 2 world: Insights into the response of a wild plant population to multigenerational exposure to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ]. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6474-6492. [PMID: 32902071 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling plant responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]) has largely focussed on plastic functional attributes to single generation [CO2 ] exposure. Quantifying the consequences of long-term, decadal multigenerational exposure to elevated [CO2 ] and the genetic changes that may underpin evolutionary mechanisms with [CO2 ] as a driver remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated both plastic and evolutionary plant responses to elevated [CO2 ] by applying multi-omic technologies using populations of Plantago lanceolata L., grown in naturally high [CO2 ] for many generations in a CO2 spring. Seed from populations at the CO2 spring and an adjacent control site (ambient [CO2 ]) were grown in a common environment for one generation, and then offspring were grown in ambient or elevated [CO2 ] growth chambers. Low overall genetic differentiation between the CO2 spring and control site populations was found, with evidence of weak selection in exons. We identified evolutionary divergence in the DNA methylation profiles of populations derived from the spring relative to the control population, providing the first evidence that plant methylomes may respond to elevated [CO2 ] over multiple generations. In contrast, growth at elevated [CO2 ] for a single generation induced limited methylome remodelling (an order of magnitude fewer differential methylation events than observed between populations), although some of this appeared to be stably transgenerationally inherited. In all, 59 regions of the genome were identified where transcripts exhibiting differential expression (associated with single generation or long-term natural exposure to elevated [CO2 ]) co-located with sites of differential methylation or with single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibiting significant inter-population divergence. This included genes in pathways known to respond to elevated [CO2 ], such as nitrogen use efficiency and stomatal patterning. This study provides the first indication that DNA methylation may contribute to plant adaptation to future atmospheric [CO2 ] and identifies several areas of the genome that are targets for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Saban
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark A Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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42
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De Roo L, Lauriks F, Salomón RL, Oleksyn J, Steppe K. Woody tissue photosynthesis increases radial stem growth of young poplar trees under ambient atmospheric CO2 but its contribution ceases under elevated CO2. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1572-1582. [PMID: 32597984 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Woody tissue photosynthesis (Pwt) contributes to the tree carbon (C) budget and generally stimulates radial stem growth under ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (aCO2). Moreover, Pwt has potential to enhance tree survival under changing climates by delaying negative effects of drought stress on tree hydraulic functioning. However, the relevance of Pwt on tree performance under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) remains unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, 1-year-old Populus tremula L. seedlings were grown in two treatment chambers at aCO2 and eCO2 (400 and 660 ppm, respectively), and woody tissues of half of the seedlings in each treatment chamber were light-excluded to prevent Pwt. Radial stem growth, sap flow, leaf photosynthesis and stomatal and canopy conductance were measured throughout the growing season, and the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem tissues was determined at the end of the experiment. Fuelled by eCO2, an increase in stem growth of 18 and 50% was observed in control and light-excluded trees, respectively. Woody tissue photosynthesis increased radial stem growth by 39% under aCO2, while, surprisingly, no impact of Pwt on stem growth was observed under eCO2. By the end of the growing season, eCO2 and Pwt had little effect on stem growth, leaf photosynthesis acclimated to eCO2, but stomatal conductance did not, and homeostatic stem NSC pools were observed among combined treatments. Our results highlight that eCO2 potentially fulfils plant C requirements, limiting the contribution of Pwt to stem growth as atmospheric [CO2] rises, and that radial stem growth in young developing trees was C (source) limited during early phenological stages but transitioned towards sink-driven control at the end of the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plant and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fran Lauriks
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plant and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plant and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plant and Crops Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Singer SD, Chatterton S, Soolanayakanahally RY, Subedi U, Chen G, Acharya SN. Potential effects of a high CO 2 future on leguminous species. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:67-94. [PMID: 37283729 PMCID: PMC10168062 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Legumes provide an important source of food and feed due to their high protein levels and many health benefits, and also impart environmental and agronomic advantages as a consequence of their ability to fix nitrogen through their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia. As a result of our growing population, the demand for products derived from legumes will likely expand considerably in coming years. Since there is little scope for increasing production area, improving the productivity of such crops in the face of climate change will be essential. While a growing number of studies have assessed the effects of climate change on legume yield, there is a paucity of information regarding the direct impact of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) itself, which is a main driver of climate change and has a substantial physiological effect on plants. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the influence of e[CO2] on the photosynthetic process, as well as biomass production, seed yield, quality, and stress tolerance in legumes, and examine how these responses differ from those observed in non-nodulating plants. Although these relationships are proving to be extremely complex, mounting evidence suggests that under limiting conditions, overall declines in many of these parameters could ensue. While further research will be required to unravel precise mechanisms underlying e[CO2] responses of legumes, it is clear that integrating such knowledge into legume breeding programs will be indispensable for achieving yield gains by harnessing the potential positive effects, and minimizing the detrimental impacts, of CO2 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
| | - Syama Chatterton
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
| | | | - Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Surya N. Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeABCanada
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Baca Cabrera JC, Hirl RT, Zhu J, Schäufele R, Schnyder H. Atmospheric CO 2 and VPD alter the diel oscillation of leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass: compensation of hydraulic limitation by stored-growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1776-1789. [PMID: 32369620 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on putative mechanisms controlling leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass. Plants were grown in stands at a Ca of 200, 400 or 800 μmol mol-1 combined with high (1.17 kPa) or low (0.59 kPa) VPD during the 16 h-day in well-watered conditions with reduced nitrogen supply. We measured day : night-variation of leaf elongation rate (LERday : LERnight ), final leaf length and width, epidermal cell number and length, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf water potential and water-soluble carbohydrates and osmotic potential in the leaf growth-and-differentiation zone (LGDZ). Daily mean LER or morphometric parameters did not differ between treatments, but LERnight strongly exceeded LERday , particularly at low Ca and high VPD. Across treatments LERday was negatively related to transpiration (R2 = 0.75) and leaf water potential (R2 = 0.81), while LERnight was independent of leaf water potential or turgor. Enhancement of LERnight over LERday was proportional to the turgor-change between day and night (R2 = 0.93). LGDZ sugar concentration was high throughout diel cycles, providing no evidence of source limitation in any treatment. Our data indicate a mechanism of diel cycling between daytime hydraulic and night-time stored-growth controls of LER, buffering Ca and daytime VPD effects on leaf elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Baca Cabrera
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Regina T Hirl
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
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MacDonald JG, Rodriguez K, Quirk S. An Oxygen Delivery Polymer Enhances Seed Germination in a Martian-like Environment. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:846-863. [PMID: 32196355 PMCID: PMC7368388 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Critical to the success of establishing a sustainable human presence on Mars is the ability to economically grow crop plants. Several environmental factors make it difficult to fully rely on local resources for agriculture. These include nutrient sparse regolith, low and fluctuating temperatures, a high amount of ultraviolet radiation, and water trapped locally in the form of ice or metal oxides. While the 96% CO2 martian atmosphere is ideal to support photosynthesis, high CO2 concentrations inhibit germination. An added difficulty is the fact that a vast majority of crop plants require oxygen for germination. Here, we report the production of a polymer-based oxygen delivery system that supports the germination and growth of cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) in a martian regolith simulant under a martian atmosphere at 101 kPa. The oxygen-donating system is based on a low-density lightly cross-linked polyacrylate that is foamed and converted into a dry powder. It is lightweight, added in low amounts to regolith simulant, and efficiently donates enough oxygen throughout the volume of hydrated regolith simulant to fully support seed germination and plant growth. Germination rates, plant development, and plant mass are nearly identical for L. sativum grown in 100% CO2 in the presence of the oxygen-donating lightly cross-linked polyacrylate compared with plants grown in air. The polymer system also serves to protect root structures and better anchors plants in the regolith simulant.
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Page TM, Diaz-Pulido G. Plasticity of adult coralline algae to prolonged increased temperature and pCO2 exposure but reduced survival in their first generation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235125. [PMID: 32574214 PMCID: PMC7310705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are vital to coral reefs worldwide, providing structural integrity and inducing the settlement of important invertebrate larvae. CCA are known to be impacted by changes in their environment, both during early development and adulthood. However, long-term studies on either life history stage are lacking in the literature, therefore not allowing time to explore the acclimatory or potential adaptive responses of CCA to future global change scenarios. Here, we exposed a widely distributed, slow growing, species of CCA, Sporolithon cf. durum, to elevated temperature and pCO2 for five months and their first set of offspring (F1) for eleven weeks. Survival, reproductive output, and metabolic rate were measured in adult S. cf. durum, and survival and growth were measured in the F1 generation. Adult S. cf. durum experienced 0% mortality across treatments and reduced their O2 production after five months exposure to global stressors, indicating a possible expression of plasticity. In contrast, the combined stressors of elevated temperature and pCO2 resulted in 50% higher mortality and 61% lower growth on germlings. On the other hand, under the independent elevated pCO2 treatment, germling growth was higher than all other treatments. These results show the robustness and plasticity of S. cf. durum adults, indicating the potential for them to acclimate to increased temperature and pCO2. However, the germlings of this species are highly sensitive to global stressors and this could negatively impact this species in future oceans, and ultimately the structure and stability of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M. Page
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- Griffth University School of Environment and Science and Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Elevated CO2 and temperature influence key proteins and metabolites associated with photosynthesis, antioxidant and carbon metabolism in Picrorhiza kurroa. J Proteomics 2020; 219:103755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vega FE, Ziska LH, Simpkins A, Infante F, Davis AP, Rivera JA, Barnaby JY, Wolf J. Early growth phase and caffeine content response to recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide in coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5875. [PMID: 32246092 PMCID: PMC7125137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While [CO2] effects on growth and secondary chemistry are well characterized for annual plant species, little is known about perennials. Among perennials, production of Coffea arabica and C. canephora (robusta) have enormous economic importance worldwide. Three Arabica cultivars (Bourbon, Catimor, Typica) and robusta coffee were grown from germination to ca. 12 months at four CO2 concentrations: 300, 400, 500 or 600 ppm. There were significant increases in all leaf area and biomass markers in response to [CO2] with significant [CO2] by taxa differences beginning at 122-124 days after sowing (DAS). At 366-368 DAS, CO2 by cultivar variation in growth and biomass response among Arabica cultivars was not significant; however, significant trends in leaf area, branch number and total above-ground biomass were observed between Arabica and robusta. For caffeine concentration, there were significant differences in [CO2] response between Arabica and robusta. A reduction in caffeine in coffee leaves and seeds might result in decreased ability against deterrence, and consequently, an increase in pest pressure. We suggest that the interspecific differences observed (robusta vs. Arabica) may be due to differences in ploidy level (2n = 22 vs. 2n = 4x = 44). Differential quantitative and qualitative responses during early growth and development of Arabica and robusta may have already occurred with recent [CO2] increases, and such differences may be exacerbated, with production and quality consequences, as [CO2] continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Vega
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Lewis H Ziska
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ann Simpkins
- Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jinyoung Y Barnaby
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Julie Wolf
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Ezquer I, Salameh I, Colombo L, Kalaitzis P. Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Insights into Plant Cell Wall Remodeling, Its Regulation, and Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E212. [PMID: 32041306 PMCID: PMC7076711 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell wall (CW) is a complex and intricate structure that performs several functions throughout the plant life cycle. The CW of plants is critical to the maintenance of cells' structural integrity by resisting internal hydrostatic pressures, providing flexibility to support cell division and expansion during tissue differentiation, and acting as an environmental barrier that protects the cells in response to abiotic stress. Plant CW, comprised primarily of polysaccharides, represents the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both in plants and in the biosphere. The CW structure is highly varied, not only between plant species but also among different organs, tissues, and cell types in the same organism. During the developmental processes, the main CW components, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and different types of CW-glycoproteins, interact constantly with each other and with the environment to maintain cell homeostasis. Differentiation processes are altered by positional effect and are also tightly linked to environmental changes, affecting CW both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The negative effect of climate change on the environment is multifaceted, from high temperatures, altered concentrations of greenhouse gases such as increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, soil salinity, and drought, to increasing frequency of extreme weather events taking place concomitantly, therefore, climate change affects crop productivity in multiple ways. Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase photosynthetic rates, especially at high temperatures and under water-limited conditions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on CW biogenesis and modification. We discuss specific cases in crops of interest carrying cell wall modifications that enhance tolerance to climate change-related stresses; from cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, or maize to dicots of interest such as brassica oilseed, cotton, soybean, tomato, or potato. This information could be used for the rational design of genetic engineering traits that aim to increase the stress tolerance in key crops. Future growing conditions expose plants to variable and extreme climate change factors, which negatively impact global agriculture, and therefore further research in this area is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ilige Salameh
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, Greece; (I.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), P.O. Box 85, 73100 Chania, Greece; (I.S.); (P.K.)
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Rho H, Doty SL, Kim SH. Endophytes alleviate the elevated CO2-dependent decrease in photosynthesis in rice, particularly under nitrogen limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:707-718. [PMID: 31587073 PMCID: PMC6945999 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The positive effects of high atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] decrease over time in most C3 plants because of down-regulation of photosynthesis. A notable exception to this trend is plants hosting N-fixing bacteria. The decrease in photosynthetic capacity associated with an extended exposure to high [CO2] was therefore studied in non-nodulating rice that can establish endophytic interactions. Rice plants were inoculated with diazotrophic endophytes isolated from the Salicaceae and CO2 response curves of photosynthesis were determined in the absence or presence of endophytes at the panicle initiation stage. Non-inoculated plants grown under elevated [CO2] showed a down-regulation of photosynthesis compared to those grown under ambient [CO2]. In contrast, the endophyte-inoculated plants did not show a decrease in photosynthesis associated with high [CO2], and they exhibited higher photosynthetic electron transport and mesophyll conductance rates than non-inoculated plants under high [CO2]. The endophyte-dependent alleviation of decreases in photosynthesis under high [CO2] led to an increase in water-use efficiency. These effects were most pronounced when the N supply was limited. The results suggest that inoculation with N-fixing endophytes could be an effective means of improving plant growth under high [CO2] by alleviating N limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon Lafferty Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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