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Yeşil F, Çövener Özçelik Ç. The development of health literacy scale for acute complications of diabetes for children with type 1 diabetes (8-12 years). J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00244-6. [PMID: 39003193 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a Health Literacy Scale for Acute Complications of Diabetes for Children with Type 1 Diabetes (8-12 years of age) and to test the instrument in terms of its psychometric properties. METHODS The study is of methodological design and was conducted with 222 children, aged 8 to 12 years, with type 1 diabetes who were registered at a training and research hospital's diabetes outpatient clinic. The item pool of the study consisted of 22 statements. Ten experts were asked to review the scale, and when content validity was confirmed, the scale items were amended until the draft scale had 22 items. The children themselves completed the "Diagnostic Form for Children with Diabetes" and "Health Literacy Scale for Acute Complications of Type 1 Diabetes for Children (8-12 years)" questionnaire between June 2021 and October 2022. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), item-total correlation, and split-half reliability testing were employed for psychometric properties. RESULTS The scale comprised 19 items and 3 factors containing information on acute complications of diabetes and health literacy. CONCLUSION A valid and accurate instrument was developed to measure the acute complications of diabetes in children and their health literacy. As such, the scale can be used as a practical tool in evaluating the understanding and implementation skills of children with Type 1 diabetes regarding the management of acute complications of the disease and in assessing their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yeşil
- Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Çövener Özçelik
- Marmara University, Faculty of Nursing, Department Pediatric Nursing, Istanbul 34854, Turkey.
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2
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Mitchell AE, Morawska A, Lohan A, Filus A, Batch J. Randomised controlled trial of the Healthy Living Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for families of children with type 1 diabetes. J Child Health Care 2024; 28:235-255. [PMID: 35950339 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a brief, group-based parenting program in improving child and family outcomes for families of children with type 1 diabetes. Families (N = 50) of children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 22) or care-as-usual (n = 28). Assessments (pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up) evaluated parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, child behaviour/adjustment and child quality of life (primary outcomes); and metabolic control (routinely-collected blood glucose data), parents' self-efficacy with diabetes management, diabetes-specific child behaviour difficulties, family quality of life, parents' diabetes-related and general parenting stress and observed parent and child behaviour (secondary outcomes). Intent-to-treat analyses indicated greater rate of improvement over time for families allocated to intervention compared to care-as-usual for use of corporal punishment (primary caregivers only), and confidence with managing children's emotions/behaviours, parent-rated child quality of life and adjustment to the child's illness (secondary caregivers only). There were no other intervention effects. Although families found the intervention useful, low levels of psychosocial problems at baseline limited the scope for group-level improvement and there was limited evidence for intervention efficacy. Individually-tailored measures of goal-specific behaviour change may be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Lohan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- DaVita Clinical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Batch
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Wang Z, Yu S, Liu Y, Han Y, Zhao W, Zhang W. Effectiveness of family centred interventions for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1958-1975. [PMID: 38439168 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of family-centred interventions among family caregivers. BACKGROUND Family-centred interventions are an emerging form of intervention that can be effective at improving physical and mental health outcomes for patients and family caregivers. To date, no reviews have examined the effectiveness of family-centred interventions for family caregivers. DESIGN A systematic review, including a meta-analysis, was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) checklist. METHODS Seven English and two Chinese electronic databases were compressively searched from the outset to March 2023. Two researchers independently reviewed the abstracts and full texts, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias independently by using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias assessment tool'. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis included 20 articles. The results of the meta-analysis showed that family-centred interventions could significantly improve caregiver burden (p=0.003), quality of life (p = 0.007), depression (p = 0.0002), and stress (p < 0.0001) but not anxiety or family functioning. According to our subgroup analysis, the family-centred empowerment model (p = 0.009) was superior to the other family intervention (p=0.004) in reducing caregiver burden. Family-centred interventions are more effective at reducing the burden of caregiving on family caregivers of adolescent patients (SMD=-0.79, 95% CI[-1.22,-0.36], p = 0.0003) than on adult patients (SMD=-0.37, 95% CI [-0.61,-0.12], p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Family-centred interventions could enhance family caregivers' burden, quality of life, stress and depression but had no significant impact on anxiety or family functioning. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Family-centred interventions have the potential to improve the health status and caregiving burden of family caregivers. Rigorous and high-quality evidence is needed to confirm the long-term effects of these interventions on family caregivers. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS The protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (Protocol registration ID: CRD42023453607).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanghan Yu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Han
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Azimi T, Johnson J, Campbell SM, Montesanti S. Caregiver burden among parents of children with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative scoping review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27539. [PMID: 38524615 PMCID: PMC10958210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type one diabetes (T1D) in children places substantial responsibility on parents as caregivers. This study investigated caregiver burden in parents of children with T1D by exploring the financial, physical, social, spiritual, and emotional or psychological problems they experienced. Methods We conducted a qualitative scoping review of the databases PsycINFO, PROSPERO, OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), EBSCO CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and SCOPUS. Of 119 full text articles assessed for eligibility, 18 peer-reviewed qualitative studies were included. Studies were considered relevant if they focused on diabetes management and parental burden or the experience of caregiving for a child with T1D. Results Using thematic analysis, six interrelated themes were identified: (a) experiencing chronic sorrow, (b) assuming responsibility for glucose highs and lows, (c) managing T1D and nighttime sleep disturbances, (d) making career sacrifices and choices to optimize T1D care, (e) navigating social experiences postdiagnosis, and (f) discovering new sources of support through online platforms. Conclusions This synthesis highlights an all-encompassing experience involved in caretaking for a child with T1D. Caregiving duties lead to a constant sense of vigilance, especially due to fear of hypoglycemic incidents. Parents commonly experience challenges with balancing work demands with T1D management, which lead to career and financial sacrifices. Their burden of care is exacerbated by a lack of reliable respite care but helped somewhat by online peer support. Future research is needed on the care burden differences between mothers and fathers and how sociodemographic factors affect how caregiver burden is experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Azimi
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Canada
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Gong B, Yang W, Xing Y, Lai Y, Shan Z. Global, regional, and national burden of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03107-5. [PMID: 38443523 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in adolescents varies widely, but has increased globally in recent years. This study reports T1D burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24-year-old age group at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we described the burden of T1D in the 10-24-year-old age group. We further analyzed these trends by age, sex, and the Social Development Index. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends. RESULTS T1D incidence among adolescents and young adults increased from 7·78 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 5·27-10·60) in 1990 to 11·07 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 7·42-15·34) in 2019. T1D mortality increased from 5701·19 (95% UI, 4642·70-6444·08) in 1990 to 6,123·04 (95% UI, 5321·82-6887·08) in 2019, representing a 7·40% increase in mortality. The European region had the highest T1D incidence in 2019. Middle-SDI countries exhibited the largest increase in T1D incidence between 1990 and 2019. CONCLUSION T1D is a growing health concern globally, and T1D burden more heavily affects countries with low SDI. Specific measures and effective collaboration among countries with different SDIs are required to improve diabetes care in adolescents. IMPACT We assessed trends in T1D incidence and burden among youth in the 10-24-year-old age group by evaluating data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Our results demonstrated that global T1D incidence in this age group increased over the past 30 years, with the European region having the highest T1D incidence. Specific measures and effective collaboration among countries with different SDIs are required to improve diabetes care in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshen Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Wanyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China.
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Wu V, Choleva L, Wilkes M. Optimizing Glycemic Outcomes for Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024; 53:27-38. [PMID: 38272596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in physical growth, neurocognitive development, and pubertal maturation are some of the challenges to achieving blood glucose targets in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. To optimize glycemic outcomes, a comprehensive approach is crucial to address psychosocial needs, expand the use of diabetes technology, and diminish health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Wu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Box #1616, Annenberg Building, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lauryn Choleva
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Box #1616, Annenberg Building, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meredith Wilkes
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Box #1616, Annenberg Building, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Shapiro JB, Garza KP, Feldman MA, Suhs MC, Ellis J, Terry A, Howard KR, Weissberg-Benchell J. Psychosocial Care for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Summary of Reviews to Inform Clinical Practice. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024; 53:107-122. [PMID: 38272590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The intensive demands of diabetes care can be difficult for youth with type 1 diabetes and their families to integrate into daily life. Standards of care in pediatric diabetes highlight the importance of evidence-based psychosocial interventions to optimize self-management behaviors and psychological well-being. The current review summarizes select systematic reviews and meta-analyses on evidence-based behavioral health interventions in pediatric diabetes. Interventions include strategies to strengthen youth psychosocial skills, improve family dynamics and caregiver mental health, enhance health and mental health equity, and address psychosocial factors related to diabetes technology use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna B Shapiro
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 446 E Ontario Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Marissa A Feldman
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, 880 Sixth Street South #170, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Madeleine C Suhs
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Julia Ellis
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amanda Terry
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 446 E Ontario Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey R Howard
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 446 E Ontario Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 10, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 446 E Ontario Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Wood AC, Pratt K. School-based health: an area of opportunity to address challenges in management of pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:33-41. [PMID: 37975428 PMCID: PMC10763718 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly common, chronic, and complex and disproportionally affect systemically under-resourced communities negatively impacted by social determinants of health. The primary goals of management for both conditions are improvement of medical and psychosocial well being and prevention of secondary complications. The advent of pediatric specific multidisciplinary weight management programs, bariatric surgery, and recent FDA approved medications have provided clinicians with tools to improve patient outcomes. However, implementation remains a challenge. RECENT FINDINGS The Chronic Care Model proposes utilization of community-based interventions to support children and families in managing chronic disease The CDC's Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model provides a framework for schools to engage in this role. School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) utilize a child-focused, multidisciplinary approach to support the medical home and overcome barriers to routine primary care, medical screenings and successful care plans for management of chronic disease. SBHCs and school-based programs have proven sustainable and effective in addressing obesity and T2D in youth, however recent studies are limited and more research evaluating impact are needed. SUMMARY School-based health offers an evidence-based solution to ensuring equitable and comprehensive care for obesity and T2D, particularly among at-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia C.H. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Keeley Pratt
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Development & Family Science Program, The Ohio State University College of Education & Human Ecology
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Monzon AD, Majidi S, Clements MA, Patton SR. The Relationship Between Parent Fear of Hypoglycemia and Youth Glycemic Control Across the Recent-Onset Period in Families of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:64-74. [PMID: 36745325 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine the relationship between parents' fear of hypoglycemia (FH) over a 1-year period and child glucose metrics in 126 families of youth recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Parents completed the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents (HFS-P) and uploaded 14 days of glucose data at a baseline, 6-month, and 12-month assessment. RESULTS Parents' HFS-P total and worry scores increased to a clinically meaningful degree from baseline to 6-month assessment, while multilevel models revealed within- and between-person variability in parents' HFS-P worry and behavior scores over time associated with child glycemia. Specifically, a significant negative relationship for within-person worry scores suggested that when parents reported higher than their average worry scores, their children recorded fewer glucose values in the target range, while within-person behavior scores suggested that when parents reported lower than their average behavior scores, their children recorded more values above the target range. There was also a negative relationship for between-person behavior scores with child glycated hemoglobin and a positive relationship for between-person behavior scores with child glucose values in the target range. CONCLUSIONS In the recent-onset period of T1D, parental FH worry and behavior associated with child glycemia possibly due to changes in parents' perceptions of their child's hypoglycemia risk. The clinically meaningful increases in parent FH in the recent-onset period and the negative association for between-person behavior scores with child glycated hemoglobin suggest that clinics should consider screening parents for FH, especially among parents of children with lower glycemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Monzon
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Shideh Majidi
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark A Clements
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Susana R Patton
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Roca-Rivada A, Marín-Cañas S, Colli ML, Vinci C, Sawatani T, Marselli L, Cnop M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. Inhibition of the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 aggravates TNF-α-induced human beta cell dysfunction and death. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1544-1556. [PMID: 36988639 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS TNF-α plays a role in pancreatic beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In clinical interventions, TNF-α inhibition preserves C-peptide levels in early type 1 diabetes. In this study we evaluated the crosstalk of TNF-α, as compared with type I IFNs, with the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 (encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2]) in human beta cells. METHODS EndoC-βH1 cells, dispersed human pancreatic islets or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived islet-like cells were transfected with siRNAs targeting various genes (siCTRL, siPTPN2, siJNK1, siJNK3 or siBIM). Cells were treated for 48 h with IFN-α (2000 U/ml) or TNF-α (1000 U/ml). Cell death was evaluated using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot. RESULTS PTPN2 silencing sensitised beta cells to cytotoxicity induced by IFN-α and/or TNF-α by 20-50%, depending on the human cell model utilised; there was no potentiation between the cytokines. We silenced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 or Bcl-2-like protein 2 (BIM), and this abolished the proapoptotic effects of IFN-α, TNF-α or the combination of both after PTPN2 inhibition. We further observed that PTPN2 silencing increased TNF-α-induced JNK1 and BIM phosphorylation and that JNK3 is necessary for beta cell resistance to IFN-α cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We show that the type 1 diabetes candidate gene PTPN2 is a key regulator of the deleterious effects of TNF-α in human beta cells. It is conceivable that people with type 1 diabetes carrying risk-associated PTPN2 polymorphisms may particularly benefit from therapies inhibiting TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Marín-Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maikel L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chiara Vinci
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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11
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Choi S, Shin H. The burdens faced by parents of preschoolers with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an integrative review. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2023; 29:166-181. [PMID: 37554085 PMCID: PMC10415842 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2023.29.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review. RESULTS The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers. CONCLUSION This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyeob Choi
- Graduate Student, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Shin
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Rostaminasab S, Nematollahi M, Jahani Y, Mehdipour-Rabori R. The effect of family-centered empowerment model on burden of care in parents and blood glucose level of children with type I diabetes family empowerment on burden of care and HbA1C. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:214. [PMID: 37340394 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a critical role in caring for their children with diabetes and bear a significant burden of care. Health education has increasingly focused on empowering parents through new strategic methods. The present study aims to investigate the impact of a family-centered empowerment model on the burden of care in parents and blood glucose levels of children with type I diabetes. METHODS An interventional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, where 100 children with type I diabetes and their parents were randomly selected as participants. The study aimed to implement a family-centered empowerment model in the intervention group, which consisted of four stages (educational phase, increasing self-efficacy, improving self-confidence, and evaluation) over a period of one month. The control group received routine training. The Zarit Caregiver Burden questionnaire and HbA1c log sheet were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Questionnaires were administered before, after, and two months post-intervention, and data were analyzed using SPSS 15. Non-parametric tests were employed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Before the study, no significant differences in demographic variables, level of burden of care, or HbA1C levels were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). After the intervention, the burden of care score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group, both immediately post-intervention and two months later (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the median HbA1C levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group after two months (6.5 in the intervention group and 9 in the control group) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of a family-centered empowerment model is an effective strategy for reducing the burden of care on parents of children with type 1 diabetes and for controlling the HbA1C levels of these children. Based on these results, it is recommended that healthcare professionals consider incorporating this approach into their educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rostaminasab
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Monirsadat Nematollahi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yones Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Stern A, Duran B, Streisand R, Wang CH, Tully C, Clary L, Gallagher K, Cogen F, Karaviti L, Monaghan M, Hilliard ME. Parent Perspectives of School/Daycare Experiences in Young Children Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:490-501. [PMID: 36888882 PMCID: PMC10199729 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A central part of family adjustment to a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is integrating T1D management into the child's school/daycare. This may be particularly challenging for young children who rely on adults for their diabetes management. This study aimed to describe parent experiences with school/daycare during the first 1.5 years following a young child's T1D diagnosis. METHODS As part of a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention, 157 parents of young children with new-onset (<2 months) T1D reported on their child's school/daycare experience at baseline and at 9- and 15-month post-randomization. We used a mixed-methods design to describe and contextualize parents' experiences with school/daycare. Qualitative data were collected via open-ended responses, and quantitative data were collected from a demographic/medical from. RESULTS While most children were enrolled in school/daycare at all time points, over 50% of parents endorsed that T1D affected their child's enrollment, rejection, or removal from school/daycare at 9 or 15 months. We generated five themes related to parents' school/daycare experiences: Child factors, Parent factors, School/Daycare factors, Cooperation between Parents and Staff, and Socio-historical factors. Parents of younger children and those with lower subjective socioeconomic status were significantly more likely to endorse challenges with school/daycare enrollment. CONCLUSIONS School/daycare settings present challenges for parents of young children with T1D. Changes may need to occur across contexts to support early childhood education, including advocacy resources for parents to navigate school policies, increased training for school staff, and healthcare team outreach initiatives to parents and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Stern
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Brenda Duran
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Randi Streisand
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christine H Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
| | - Carrie Tully
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lauren Clary
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Katherine Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Fran Cogen
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lefkothea Karaviti
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Clinical and Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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14
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March CA, Nanni M, Lutz J, Kavanaugh M, Jeong K, Siminerio LM, Rothenberger S, Miller E, Libman IM. Comparisons of school-day glycemia in different settings for children with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring. Pediatr Diabetes 2023; 2023:8176606. [PMID: 37929231 PMCID: PMC10623999 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8176606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we examined patterns in glycemia during school hours for children with type 1 diabetes, exploring differences between school and non-school time. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of CGM metrics in children 7-12 years (n=217, diabetes duration 3.5±2.5 years, hemoglobin A1c 7.5±0.8%). Metrics were obtained for weekday school hours (8 AM to 3 PM) during four weeks in fall 2019. Two comparison settings included weekend (fall 2019) and weekday (spring 2020) data when children had transitioned to virtual school due to COVID-19. We used multilevel mixed models to examine factors associated with time in range (TIR) and compare glycemia between in-school, weekends, and virtual school. Results Though CGM metrics were clinically similar across settings, TIR was statistically higher, and time above range (TAR), mean glucose, and standard deviation (SD) lower, for weekends and virtual school (p<0.001). Hour and setting exhibited a significant interaction for several metrics (p<0.001). TIR in-school improved from a mean of 40.9% at the start of the school day to 58.0% later in school, with a corresponding decrease in TAR. TIR decreased on weekends (60.8 to 50.7%) and virtual school (62.2 to 47.8%) during the same interval. Mean glucose exhibited a similar pattern, though there was little change in SD. Younger age (p=0.006), lower hemoglobin A1c (p<0.001), and insulin pump use (p=0.02) were associated with higher TIR in-school. Conclusion Although TIR was higher for weekends and virtual school, glycemic metrics improve while in-school, possibly related to beneficial school day routines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Nanni
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James Lutz
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Madison Kavanaugh
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kwonho Jeong
- Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Scott Rothenberger
- Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ingrid M Libman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Sundberg F, deBeaufort C, Krogvold L, Patton S, Piloya T, Smart C, Van Name M, Weissberg-Benchell J, Silva J, diMeglio LA. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Managing diabetes in preschoolers. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1496-1511. [PMID: 36537520 PMCID: PMC10108244 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Sundberg
- The Queen Silvia Childrens Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carine deBeaufort
- Clinique Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susana Patton
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Thereza Piloya
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carmel Smart
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital and School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose Silva
- SummitStone Health Partners, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Linda A diMeglio
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Wilcocks CP, Enlow P, Wasserman R, Wysocki T, Lee J, Aroian K, Pierce JS. Development and Evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routine Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 30:216-226. [PMID: 35716238 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Pediatric Diabetes Routines Questionnaire for Parents of Young Children (PDRQ-PYC) with type 1 diabetes, a measure adapted from the school-age and adolescent versions of the PDRQ, to measure diabetes-specific routines in families with children under age 6 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants included 173 parents of young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) who completed measures of diabetes-specific routines, diabetes adjustment, self-efficacy, benefit finding, depression, child behavior problems, spousal support, and T1D treatment engagement. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model consisting of a unidimensional PDRQ-PYC total score. The PDRQ-PYC total score demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity. The present study demonstrates that PDRQ-PYC is a valuable and feasible tool for measuring the consistency and regularity with which families of YC-T1D perform T1D management tasks. Along with the school-age and adolescent versions of the PDRQ, the PDRQ-PYC now provides the ability to assess diabetes-specific routines from early childhood through adolescence and findings support the notion that routines are associated with engagement in diabetes tasks.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03222180 (first posted July 19, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea P Wilcocks
- Division of Behavioral Health, Nemours Children's Hospital Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Paul Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joyce Lee
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Aroian
- University of Central Florida College of Nursing, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jessica S Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA. .,University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
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17
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Monaghan M, Bryant BL, Inverso H, Moore HR, Streisand R. Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Recent Advances in Behavioral Research. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:247-256. [PMID: 35435615 PMCID: PMC9013975 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a recent update of behavioral research pertinent to young children with T1D and addresses current priorities and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Rates of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in young children (ages 1-7) are continuing to rise. Since 2014, changes to diabetes care and management have impacted young children and reinforced the need for increased attention and interventions to support diabetes management, especially in caregivers who are primarily responsible for their young child's diabetes management. T1D is associated with unique physiologic challenges in young children, with constant management demands elevating parental diabetes-related stress and fear of hypoglycemia. Diabetes technology use has significantly increased in young children, contributing to improvements in glycemic levels and parent and child psychosocial functioning. Yet despite the positive outcomes demonstrated in select clinical behavioral interventions, research with this young child age group remains limited in scope and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Monaghan
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC USA
| | - Breana L. Bryant
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Hailey Inverso
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Hailey R. Moore
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Randi Streisand
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC USA
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18
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Palmer S, Oppler SH, Graham ML. Behavioral Management as a Coping Strategy for Managing Stressors in Primates: The Influence of Temperament and Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030423. [PMID: 35336797 PMCID: PMC8945664 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Primates involved in biomedical research experience stressors related to captivity, close contact with caregivers, and may be exposed to various medical procedures while modeling clinical disease or interventions under study. Behavioral management is used to promote behavioral flexibility in less complex captive environments and train coping skills to reduce stress. How animals perceive their environment and interactions is the basis of subjective experience and has a major impact on welfare. Certain traits, such as temperament and species, can affect behavioral plasticity and learning. This study investigated the relationship between these traits and acquisition of coping skills in 83 macaques trained for cooperation with potentially aversive medical procedures using a mixed-reinforcement training paradigm. All primates successfully completed training with no significant differences between inhibited and exploratory animals, suggesting that while temperament profoundly influences behavior, training serves as an important equalizer. Species-specific differences in learning and motivation manifested in statistically significant faster skill acquisition in rhesus compared with cynomolgus macaques, but this difference was not clinically relevant. Despite unique traits, primates were equally successful in learning complex tasks and displayed effective coping. When animals engage in coping behaviors, their distress decreases, improving welfare and reducing inter- and intra- subject variability to enhance scientific validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Palmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA; (S.P.); (S.H.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Scott Hunter Oppler
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA; (S.P.); (S.H.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Melanie L. Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA; (S.P.); (S.H.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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19
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Alavi M, Najafi M, Akbari M, Gezelbash S. The effectiveness of self-compassion based training program on resilience of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2022; 27:193-197. [PMID: 36237958 PMCID: PMC9552585 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_69_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Concerns about the complications of diabetes and the responsibility of constantly managing a child's blood glucose are stressful for parents, especially for mothers, and can reduce their resilience. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a self-compassion-based training program on the resilience of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of children with type 1 diabetes who were being treated at the Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre, Iran. The study samples were recruited conveniently, 64 of whom were randomly divided into two groups (compassion training program = 32; control group = 32). The intervention group participated in eight training sessions. Data were analyzed using t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) tests for between-group comparisons of dependent variables. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean scores of resilience before intervention (p > 0.05). Mean scores of resilience in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group immediately (F1,60 = 9.726 p = 0.003) and 1 month after intervention (F1, 60 = 13.146, p = 0.001). Conclusions: It may be worthwhile to suggest compassion-based training program for mothers of children with type 1 diabetes to improve their resilience.
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20
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Trojanowski PJ, Niehaus CE, Fischer S, Mehlenbeck R. Parenting and Psychological Health in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:1213-1237. [PMID: 34657955 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a demanding chronic illness that may result in poorer psychological health in youth. Fortunately, certain parenting practices may be protective against adverse outcomes. However, a systematic review of these relationships in youth with T1D is lacking. Thus, the current systematic review examined the literature on parenting and child psychological health outcomes (both internalizing and externalizing symptoms) in youth with T1D. Particular attention is paid to how demographic factors are associated with these relationships. METHODS PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed, and a literature search (PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) was conducted for studies of youth with T1D that examined the relationship between specific parenting practices or characteristics of the parent-child relationship and youth (<19 years old) internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Forty studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were examined for risk of bias. RESULTS Results support that family conflict, critical parenting, support, involvement, and relationship quality are associated with psychological health outcomes in youth with T1D, with some associations varying by parent gender, child age, demographic factors, and internalizing versus externalizing outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of bolstering supportive parenting and decreasing family conflict to improve psychological health in this population. Gaps in the literature related to the dearth of father and secondary caregiver report, lack of sample diversity and attention to the influence of demographic factors, and a limited number of studies examining anxiety were identified. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.
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21
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Relationship between Diabetes Family Conflicts or Problem Recognition in Illness Self-Management and Quality of Life of Adolescents with T1DM and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010710. [PMID: 34682456 PMCID: PMC8535413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes family conflicts or problem recognition in illness self-management (PRISM) and the parental perceived quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their parents. This was a cross-sectional study, and the participants comprised 111 parents of type 1 diabetes adolescents; data were collected via an online survey and analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The explanatory power of the QoL model in parents of adolescents with T1DM, constructed using three variables—diabetes family conflict (B = −0.56), regimen pain and bother (B = −11.25), and peer interactions (B = −7.48), which are PRISM barriers—was 35.7% (F = 5.70, p < 0.001). Diabetes family conflicts (B = −0.86) and peer interactions (B = −9.04) explained 57.3% of the variance in the parental perceived QoL of adolescents with T1DM (F = 12.33, p < 0.001). In order to improve the QoL in parents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, interventions to effectively manage diabetes family conflicts and improve peer interactions are necessary.
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22
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Turin A, Drobnič Radobuljac M. Psychosocial factors affecting the etiology and management of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1518-1529. [PMID: 34630904 PMCID: PMC8472498 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents worldwide. Its etiopathogenesis results from the interplay of genetic and environmental variables. Among the latter, psychological stress has been implicated in disease onset as well as disease management. Various studies, including large population-based studies, have highlighted the role of stressful life events in the etiopathogenesis of T1D. In this article, we also emphasize the importance of attachment in the early child-caregiver relationship, which can be seen as a measure of the quality of the relationship and is crucial for stress and emotional regulation. It serves as a model for all subsequent relationships in one's life. We summarize some of the few studies performed in the field of attachment and T1D etiopathogenesis or management. T1D management demands a lifelong therapeutic regimen to prevent acute and chronic complications. In addition to psychological stress, psychological factors such as family functioning, developmental adjustment, autonomy, mental health problems and other factors have been found to relate to metabolic control. Psychological factors need to be understood not as a single directional causality-based principle but as a dynamic bi- or multidirectional system that is affected by the normal developmental transitions of childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Turin
- Department for Child Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Drobnič Radobuljac
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Unit for Intensive Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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The Relationship between Diabetes Family Conflict and Parental Conflict on Problem Recognition in Illness Self-Management among Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18178914. [PMID: 34501504 PMCID: PMC8431569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between diabetes family conflict and parental conflict on problem recognition in illness self-management (PRISM) among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We employed a descriptive research design. Participants were 243 individuals with T1DM who completed online questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed that barriers were felt in all areas (understanding and organizing care, regimen pain and bother, healthcare team interaction, family interaction, and peer interaction), especially peer interaction. The significant influencing factors in the regression model for the total PRISM score of individuals with T1DM were conflict behavior toward mothers (t = 4.44, p < 0.001), diabetes family conflict (t = 5.77, p < 0.001), conflict behavior toward fathers (t = 2.58, p = 0.011), women (t = 2.67, p = 0.008), non-religious (t = -2.33, p = 0.020), and diabetic complications (t = 2.17, p = 0.031). The explanatory power of the constructed regression model for PRISM was 42.0% (F = 30.12, p < 0.001). To promote self-management among individuals with T1DM, the development of interventions that promote improved peer interactions, a family-centered approach, and a program that can minimize conflicts between families and parents are required.
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Lassandro G, Ciaccia L, Amoruso A, Palladino V, Palmieri VV, Giordano P. Focus on MicroRNAs as Biomarker in Pediatric Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:826-832. [PMID: 33087027 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021125512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are considered a class of epigenetic biomarkers. These biomarkers can investigate disease at different stages: diagnosis, therapy or clinical follow-up. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to highlight the innovative use of miRNAs in several childhood diseases. METHODS We conducted a literature review to search the usage of miRNAs in pediatric clinical routine or experimental trials. RESULTS We found a possible key role of miRNAs in different pediatric illnesses (metabolic alterations, coagulation defects, cancer). CONCLUSION The modest literature production denotes that further investigation is needed to assess and validate the promising role of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lassandro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Ciaccia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Amoruso
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Palladino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana V Palmieri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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25
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Michaelson V, Pilato KA, Davison CM. Family as a health promotion setting: A scoping review of conceptual models of the health-promoting family. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249707. [PMID: 33844692 PMCID: PMC8041208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The family is a key setting for health promotion. Contemporary health promoting family models can establish scaffolds for shaping health behaviors and can be useful tools for education and health promotion. Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to provide details as to how conceptual and theoretical models of the health promoting potential of the family are being used in health promotion contexts. Design Guided by PRISMA ScR guidelines, we used a three-step search strategy to find relevant papers. This included key-word searching electronic databases (Medline, PSycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL), searching the reference lists of included studies, and intentionally searching for grey literature (in textbooks, dissertations, thesis manuscripts and reports.) Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the overall search generated 113 included manuscripts/chapters with 118 unique models. Through our analysis of these models, three main themes were apparent: 1) ecological factors are central components to most models or conceptual frameworks; 2) models were attentive to cultural and other diversities, allowing room for a wide range of differences across family types, and for different and ever-expanding social norms and roles; and 3) the role of the child as a passive recipient of their health journey rather than as an active agent in promoting their own family health was highlighted as an important gap in many of the identified models. Conclusions This review contributes a synthesis of contemporary literature in this area and supports the priority of ecological frameworks and diversity of family contexts. It encourages researchers, practitioners and family stakeholders to recognize the value of the child as an active agent in shaping the health promoting potential of their family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly A. Pilato
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Colleen M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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26
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Kimbell B, Lawton J, Boughton C, Hovorka R, Rankin D. Parents' experiences of caring for a young child with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:160. [PMID: 33814007 PMCID: PMC8019496 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To synthesise the qualitative evidence on parents' experiences of caring for a child aged ≤8 years with type 1 diabetes to identify: the challenges they encounter; their views about support received; ways in which support could be improved; and, directions for future research. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases to identify qualitative studies reporting parents' views and experiences of caring for a child with type 1 diabetes aged ≤8 years. Key analytical themes were identified using thematic synthesis. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included. The synthesis resulted in the generation of two overarching themes. Monopolisation of life describes the all-encompassing impact diabetes could have on parents due to the constant worry they experienced and the perceived need for vigilance. It describes how parents' caring responsibilities could affect their wellbeing, relationships and finances, and how a lack of trusted sources of childcare and a desire to enable a 'normal' childhood constrained personal choices and activities. However, use of diabetes technologies could lessen some of these burdens. Experiences of professional and informal support describes how encounters with healthcare professionals, while generally perceived as helpful, could lead to frustration and anxiety, and how connecting with other parents caring for a child with type 1 diabetes provided valued emotional and practical support. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis outlines the challenges parents encounter, their views about support received and ways in which support might be improved. It also highlights significant limitations in the current literature and points to important areas for future research, including how sociodemographic factors and use of newer diabetes technologies influence parents' diabetes management practices and experiences. PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019128710.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kimbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - J Lawton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Boughton
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Hovorka
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Rankin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ergun-Longmire B, Clemente E, Vining-Maravolo P, Roberts C, Buth K, Greydanus DE. Diabetes education in pediatrics: How to survive diabetes. Dis Mon 2021; 67:101153. [PMID: 33541707 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common abnormal carbohydrate metabolism disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of ß-cell destruction or dysfunction by both genetic and environmental factors. Over time chronic hyperglycemia leads to microvascular (i.e., retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular (i.e., ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease) complications of diabetes. Diabetes complication trials showed the importance of achieving near-normal glycemic control to prevent and/or reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. There is a staggering rate of increased incidence of diabetes in youth, raising concerns for future generations' health, quality of life and its enormous economic burden. Despite advancements in the technology, diabetes management remains cumbersome. Training individuals with diabetes to gain life-long survival skills requires a comprehensive and ongoing diabetes education by a multidisciplinary team. Diabetes education and training start at the time of diagnosis of diabetes and should be continuous throughout the course of disease. The goal is to empower the individuals and families to gain diabetes self-management skills. Diabetes education must be individualized depending on the individual's age, education, family dynamics, and support. In this article, we review the history of diabetes, etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children as well as adolescents. We then focus on diabetes management with education methods and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Ergun-Longmire
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | - Ethel Clemente
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Vining-Maravolo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl Roberts
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Koby Buth
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Donald E Greydanus
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI United States
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Brener A, Mazor-Aronovitch K, Rachmiel M, Levek N, Barash G, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Lebenthal Y, Landau Z. Lessons learned from the continuous glucose monitoring metrics in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes under COVID-19 lockdown. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1511-1517. [PMID: 33026497 PMCID: PMC7538839 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Billions of people have been under lockdown in an attempt to prevent COVID-19 spread. Lifestyle changes during lockdown could lead to deterioration of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the glycemic control of pediatric patients with T1D. METHODS This observational real-life study from the AWeSoMe Group assessed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics of 102 T1D patients (52.9% males, mean age 11.2 ± 3.8 years, mean diabetes duration 4.2 ± 3.8 years) who used Dexcom G5. The data were accessed without any interface between patients, caregivers, and the diabetes team. Study variables from CGM metrics were: mean glucose level, time-in-range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL; 3.9-10 mmol/L), hypoglycemia (< 54 mg/dL; < 3 mmol/L), hyperglycemia (> 250 mg/dL; > 13.3 mmol/L), coefficient of variation (CV), and time CGM active before and during lockdown. Delta-variable = lockdown variable minus before-lockdown variable. RESULTS The mean TIR was 60.9 ± 14.3% before lockdown, with no significant change during lockdown (delta-TIR was 0.9 ± 7.9%). TIR during lockdown was significantly correlated with TIR before lockdown (r = 0.855, P < 0.001). Patients with improved TIR (delta-TIR > 3%) were significantly older than patients with stable or worse TIR (P = 0.028). Children aged < 10 years had a significantly higher CV before lockdown and during lockdown than children aged ≥ 10 years (P = 0.02 and P = 0.005, respectively). Among children aged < 10 years, a multiple linear regression model revealed associations of age and lower socioeconomic cluster with delta-TIR (F = 4.416, P = 0.019) and with delta-mean glucose (F = 4.459, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS CGM metrics in pediatric patients with T1D were relatively stable during a nationwide lockdown. Intervention plans should focus on younger patients with lower socioeconomic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Brener
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Kineret Mazor-Aronovitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Marianna Rachmiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Noa Levek
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Galia Barash
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Landau
- National Juvenile Diabetes Center, Maccabi Health Care Services, Ra'anana, Israel
- Pediatrics Department, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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29
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Uhm JY, Kim MS. Predicting Quality of Life among Mothers in an Online Health Community for Children with Type 1 Diabetes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:children7110235. [PMID: 33218148 PMCID: PMC7698800 DOI: 10.3390/children7110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life of parents of children with chronic disease is important for disease self-management. This study aimed to identify predictors of quality of life among mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 208 mothers of children with type 1 diabetes were recruited from an online health community. Online health community collective empowerment and social support, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes-related burden, and quality of life were measured. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine predictive factors for quality of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that diabetes-related burden and the child’s age were predictors of quality of life, and total variance explained by the model was 64.1% using two factors. In mothers of younger children, it is important to reduce the diabetes-related burden. Factors that increase the diabetes-related burden should be identified, and strategies to reduce the diabetes-related burden must be established.
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Haslund-Thomsen H, Hasselbalch LA, Laugesen B. Parental Experiences of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Danish Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 53:e149-e155. [PMID: 32245681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore parents 'experience of having a child aged 4-9 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using continuous glucose monitor (CGM). DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a qualitative study. Twelve families were recruited for individual or dyadic interviews through purposeful and convenience sampling procedures. RESULTS Thematic analysis generated three main themes: 1) Living in the context of the unpredictability of diabetes 2) Establishing a sense of control and security with the CGM 3) Learning to use and trust the CGM and educating other caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Living in the context of the unpredictability of T1DM causes a loss of stability and control as T1DM pervades family life and transforms everyday routines. CGM use seems to increase opportunities for other family activities, as it provides parents with a sense of control and moderates the pervasiveness of T1DM. Yet the parents have to learn how to trust and use the CGM and take on the burdensome task of training and trusting other caregivers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The CGM is used as an integral part of T1DM care in everyday life. Therefore, it should be accessible to families. Health-care professionals should be aware of how to assist parents with how to use and trust the CGM. Furthermore, parents may need help and support in educating other caregivers on how to use the CGM. This could be done through teaching sessions, written materials and recorded demonstrations of CGM use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Haslund-Thomsen
- Clinical Nursing research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Pediatric Department, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Line Aagaard Hasselbalch
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Pediatric Department, Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Britt Laugesen
- Clinical Nursing research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Danish Centre of Clinical Guidelines, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
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31
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Arabiat D, Al Jabery M, Whitehead L. A concept analysis of psychological distress in parents related to diabetes management in children and adolescents. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2020; 25:e12287. [PMID: 31971657 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a concept analysis of parents' psychological distress in the context of diabetes management among children and adolescents. A clear understanding of the possible impact of diabetes management on parents will help to inform how nurses can work with parents to support glycaemic control in children and adolescents. DESIGN AND METHOD Concept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-stage approach was used as a guiding framework. PubMed, OVID (CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo), the Cochrane library and the Joanna Briggs library were searched for the past 50 years. RESULTS Thirty-three studies provided data for the concept analysis. Attributes included difficulty coping, changes in emotional status and manifestations of mental health problems. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Based on the literature synthesis, we suggest all facets of distress related to diabetes can in principle be inferred through the proposed relationship between distress and other interactions of individual coping, caring burden and family relational functioning. The proposed conceptual model linking antecedents' factors and individual characteristics of parents to the concepts of psychological distress may assist researchers to design interventions for supporting diabetes management in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Nursing, Maternal and Child Nursing Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Jabery
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, western Australia, Australia.,Postgraduate Centre for Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchursch, New Zealand
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Holtz BE, Mitchell KM, Nuttall AK, Cotten SR, Hershey DD, Dunneback JK, Wood MA. Using User-Feedback to Develop a Website: MyT1DHope, for Parents of Children with T1D. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:281-288. [PMID: 30592228 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1560579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effectively caring for a child with type-1 diabetes (T1D) can be extremely demanding and stressful for the entire family. The difficulties of caring for a child with T1D impact the psychological and physical well-being of the parents. Interventions aimed at reducing stress and increasing coping may improve parental outcomes. This project sought to develop a resource to be used as a preliminary intervention step for these parents. This research was conducted in two parts. Part 1 includes three stages of formative evaluation, including a focus group, interviews, and a survey with parents to examine the current landscape of diabetes websites as a resource. Using data from Part 1, Part 2 of the study included the identification of a theory to guide the design of a website, the development of the website, and an 8-week pilot study of the website with parents with a child with T1D. Significant improvements were found in diabetes knowledge and caregivers' satisfaction of life. No changes were found in social support, self-efficacy, or quality of life. Overall, the data show that the parents were generally satisfied with the website. Through this work, researchers were able to develop a deeper understanding of the needs of parents caring for a child with T1D to develop the initial component of a larger intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree E Holtz
- Department of Advertising & Public Relations, Michigan State University
| | | | - Amy K Nuttall
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Michigan State University
| | - Shelia R Cotten
- Department of Media & Information, Michigan State University
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Enlow PT, Wasserman R, Aroian K, Lee J, Wysocki T, Pierce J. Development and Validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS). J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:170-180. [PMID: 31710685 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article extends work on a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment and describes the: (a) development and (b) validation of the Parent-Preschoolers Diabetes Adjustment Scale (PP-DAS), a broad measure of caregiver adjustment. METHODS Participants were caregivers (nstudy1 = 51; nstudy2 = 177) of very young children (<6 years old) with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). In study 1, researchers and stakeholders collaborated to develop 92 items using the 5 domains of a social-ecological model of caregiver adjustment to the challenges of raising a very young child with T1D, and parents and researchers provided feedback on these items. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to examine the factor structure of the PP-DAS. Reliability and validity were also examined. RESULTS After review by parents and researchers, 52 items were removed resulting in the 40-item version used in study 2. The CFA demonstrated poor fit with the five proposed domains of the social-ecological model, so an EFA was conducted and supported a different five-factor solution. Twenty items were removed due to low factor loadings or communalities, resulting in a final 20-item measure. The PP-DAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α's = .73-.84), convergent validity with parent psychological functioning and self-efficacy in T1D management, and criterion validity with hemoglobin A1c and adherence. CONCLUSIONS The PP-DAS is a valid and reliable measure of adjustment in caregivers of very young children with T1D. The PP-DAS may help identify caregivers who are having adjustment difficulties and would benefit from additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida
| | - Joyce Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital
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Salehi P, Roberts AJ, Kim GJ. Efficacy and Safety of Real-Life Usage of MiniMed 670G Automode in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Less than 7 Years Old. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019; 21:448-451. [PMID: 31166801 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2019.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Medtronic MiniMed 670G system with SmartGuard™ (Medtronic, Northridge, CA) is a commercial hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system approved for use in 2018 for children >7 years. Studies of this HCL system in subjects >7 years old show improvement in glycemic control, but no study has described its use in younger children. This is a retrospective analysis of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) <7 years of age who used the 670G HCL system at Seattle Children's Hospital for 3 months. We compared 2-week data from Carelink™ while in manual mode (MM) with suspend before low active with those in auto mode (AM). We used two tailed t-test to compare variables related to glycemic control. Sixteen children were reviewed [age of AM start: average 4.3 years (range 2-6); 10 male]. The average time in AM was 6.3 ± 2.9 months (range 3-12). There was a statistically significant change for A1c [MM 7.9% (62.8 mmol/mol), AM 7.4% (57.4 mmol/mol); P-value <0.001], percentage time in range (MM 42.8%, AM 56.2%; P-value <0.001), percentage hypoglycemia (MM 1.3%, AM 2.4%; P-value 0.04), and average sensor glucose [MM 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), AM 176 mg/dL (9.8 mmol/L); P-value <0.001]. No serious adverse reports noted. This case series showed improvement in glycemic control in very young children using the 670G HCL. We did note more hypoglycemia although no serious adverse events, such as hypoglycemic seizure, were reported. A HCL system can be used in young children with T1D safely and effectively and should be an option for children <7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Salehi
- Division of Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alissa J Roberts
- Division of Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Grace J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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Pierce JS, Wasserman R, Enlow P, Aroian K, Lee J, Wysocki T. Benefit finding among parents of young children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:652-660. [PMID: 31006941 PMCID: PMC7416424 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefit finding, perceived positive effects of adversity, has been associated with psychological well-being in people with chronic illnesses and with better adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our qualitative research with parents of young children (< 6 years old) with T1D indicated that benefit finding (BF) is a common parental coping mechanism, but no tools exist to measure BF in parents. We determined psychometric properties of the Diabetes Benefit Finding Scale for Parents (DBFS-P), a 16-item questionnaire adapted from the validated adolescent version. Parents of young children with T1D (n = 172) were participants in a randomized trial of an online intervention. We examined the DBFS-P factor structure through principal component analysis (PCA); internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha; convergent validity via bivariate correlations between the DBFS-P and measures of parental depression, anxiety, T1D self-efficacy, and hypoglycemia fear; and discriminant validity via bivariate correlations between the DBFS-P and measures of parental somatization and child behavior problems. PCA revealed one factor (56.47% variance) with Cronbach's α = 0.95. Convergent validity of the DBFS-P was supported by significant correlations with parental depression (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), anxiety (r = -0.20, P = 0.008), T1D self-efficacy (r = 0.36, P < 0.001), and hypoglycemia fear (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Non-significant correlations with parental somatization (r = -0.06, P = 0.42) and child behavior problems (r = -0.12, P = 0.14) support its discriminant validity. The DBFS-P demonstrated good psychometric properties as a tool for assessing BF among caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul Enlow
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Joyce Lee
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tim Wysocki
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida
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Grimble G, Ryall J. Editorial: Ketogenic diets and tumour hypoxia - kulturkampf and 'the insurgency'. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:243-249. [PMID: 31162326 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Grimble
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Ryall
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bishop MN, Gise JE, Donati MR, Shneider CE, Aylward BS, Cohen LL. Parenting Stress, Sleep, and Psychological Adjustment in Parents of Infants and Toddlers With Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 44:980-987. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Parents of children with chronic medical needs report increased parenting challenges, poor sleep, and maladjustment. The impact of parenting stress on both sleep and adjustment has yet to be evaluated for parents of infants and young children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We studied the relations among parenting stress, sleep, and adjustment in parents of infants and toddlers with CHD. We expected that sleep quality would mediate the relationship between parenting stress and adjustment.
Methods
Sixty-nine parents of infants and toddlers with CHD were evaluated on self-report measures of illness-related parenting stress (Pediatric Inventory for Parents), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and psychological adjustment (Brief Symptom Index-18).
Results
The parents of infants and toddlers with CHD reported elevated levels of parenting stress, sleep problems, and maladjustment. The positive relationship between parenting stress and parent maladjustment was mediated by sleep quality.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that parents of infants and toddlers with CHD report high parenting stress, poor sleep, and maladjustment. Analyses indicate the stress-adjustment relationship is mediated by quality of sleep. Given the multiple demands on parents of infants and children with CHD, it is important to attend to parents’ overall functioning and mental health. Our findings highlight targets for intervention to improve the well-being of parents of young children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jensi E Gise
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University
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Baharvand P, Hormozi M. Can parents' educational level and occupation affect perceived parental support and metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes? JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2019; 8:11. [PMID: 30815482 PMCID: PMC6378813 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_215_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Parents have an important role to play in supporting adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Their education and occupation are important factors for the management of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the parental support that Iranian adolescents with T1DM experience and to examine the effect of parents' education and occupation on adolescents' perceived the parental support and metabolic control. METHODS This is a cross-sectional survey. The participants were 98 adolescents (aged 11-18 years) with T1DM referred to Endocrinology Clinics of Shahid Rahimi and Shahid Madani hospitals in Khorramabad, Iran, in 2016. For evaluating the adolescents' perceptions of parental support, the family version of Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire was employed. It measures in five diabetic care areas (insulin administration, blood testing, meal planning, exercise, and emotional support). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 software using descriptive statistics and inferential tests including Pearson correlation test, ANOVA, and independent t-test. RESULTS The parents' educational level had a significant relationship with adolescents' perceived parental support and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (P < 0.05). Occupation of father had no significant influence on his supportive behavior and HbA1c level in adolescents, but mother's occupation significantly influenced them (P < 0.05). In adolescents with higher perceived parental support, the mean HbA1c was lower. CONCLUSIONS Parents with higher educational level can improve the metabolic control and provide better meal planning in adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Wysocki T, Pierce J, Caldwell C, Aroian K, Miller L, Farless R, Hafezzadeh I, McAninch T, Lee JM. A Web-Based Coping Intervention by and for Parents of Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: User-Centered Design. JMIR Diabetes 2018; 3:e16. [PMID: 30559089 PMCID: PMC6307695 DOI: 10.2196/diabetes.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among children aged <6 years is exceptionally challenging for parents and caregivers. Metabolic and psychosocial outcomes among very young children with T1D (YC-T1D) are tightly associated with their parents’ ability to meet these challenges. There is scant research testing interventions targeting these issues and few resources to equip health care providers with feasible and effective coping strategies for these parents. User-centered design (UCD) of a continuously accessible Web-based resource could be a mechanism for helping parents of YC-T1D cope more effectively with the complex challenges they face by providing them with information, solutions, and emotional support. Objective The objectives of this paper are to (1) describe the application of UCD principles to the development of a Web-based coping intervention designed by and for parents of very young children (<6 years old) with T1D; (2) illustrate the use of crowdsourcing methods in obtaining the perspectives of parents, health care providers, and Web development professionals in designing and creating this resource; and (3) summarize the design of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) that is evaluating the effects of parental access to this resource on pertinent child and parent outcomes. Methods This paper illustrates the application of UCD principles to create a Web-based coping resource designed by and for parents of YC-T1D. A Web-based Parent Crowd, a Health Care Provider Crowd, and a Focus Group of minority parents provided input throughout the design process. A formal usability testing session and design webinars yielded additional stakeholder input to further refine the end product. Results This paper describes the completed website and the ongoing RCT to evaluate the effects of using this Web-based resource on pertinent parent and child outcomes. Conclusions UCD principles and the targeted application of crowdsourcing methods provided the foundation for the development, construction, and evaluation of a continuously accessible, archived, user-responsive coping resource designed by and for parents of YC-T1D. The process described here could be a template for the development of similar resources for other special populations that are enduring specific medical or psychosocial distress. The ongoing RCT is the final step in the UCD process and is designed to validate its merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wysocki
- Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Pierce
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Cindy Caldwell
- Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Karen Aroian
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Louis Miller
- eCity Interactive, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Terri McAninch
- Nemours Foundation, Department of Marketing and Communication, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Child Health Evaluation Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Noser AE, Majidi S, Finch J, Clements MA, Youngkin EM, Patton SR. Authoritarian parenting style predicts poorer glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1315-1321. [PMID: 30014608 PMCID: PMC6487856 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among parenting styles (ie, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and youth glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a cohort of families of children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS One-hundred two parents completed a baseline measure of parenting style, and we collected child HbA1c values at baseline and at three- and six-month follow-ups. We examined correlations among use of different parenting strategies and child HbA1cs. We conducted multiple regressions to assess the impact of these strategies on child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. RESULTS Correlational analyses showed negative associations between authoritative strategies and child HbA1c at baseline, three-month, and six-month assessments and positive associations between authoritarian strategies and child HbA1c at three-month and six-month assessments. Regression analyses found use of authoritarian-like strategies were the only parenting strategies associated with child HbA1c at three-month and six-month follow-ups, while controlling for baseline HbA1c, family income, and T1D duration. CONCLUSION Parents' use of authoritarian-like strategies may negatively impact glycemic control over the course of six-month in children with new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Noser
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shideh Majidi
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Finch
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mark A. Clements
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Erin M. Youngkin
- Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susana R. Patton
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Gupta OT, MacKenzie M, Burris A, Jenkins BB, Collins N, Shade M, Santa-Sosa E, Stewart SM, White PC. Camp-based multi-component intervention for families of young children with type 1 diabetes: A pilot and feasibility study. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:761-768. [PMID: 29243325 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in preschool-aged children has unique challenges that can negatively impact glycemic control and parental coping. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a camp-based multi-component intervention on glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in young children with T1DM and psychosocial measures for their parents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two separate cohorts of 18 children (ages 3-5 years) and their families participated in a camp-based intervention that included didactic and interactive parent education, child-centered education and family-based recreational activities. In Camp 1.0, measures of HbA1c, parental fear of hypoglycemia, mealtime behaviors and quality of life (QOL) were compared before and after an initial session (I) and follow-up booster session (II) 6 months later. Based on these results, the intervention was consolidated into 1 session (Camp 2.0) and repeated with additional measures of parental stress and parental self-efficacy with diabetes management tasks. RESULTS Participants in Camp 2.0 exhibited a significant decrease in mean HbA1c level (-0.5%, P = .002) before and after camp. Mothers exhibited a significant improvement in diabetes-specific QOL (Camp 1.0/Session I and Camp 2.0) and reduction in stress as measured on the Pediatric Inventory for Parent (PIP) assessment (Camp 2.0). The booster session in Camp 1.0 showed no added benefit. CONCLUSIONS A family centered, camp-based multi-component intervention in young children with T1DM improved HbA1c and perceived QOL and stress in their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga T Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Angie Burris
- Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Nikki Collins
- Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Molly Shade
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Eileen Santa-Sosa
- Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sunita M Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Perrin C White
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Pierce JS, Aroian K, Caldwell C, Ross JL, Lee JM, Schifano E, Novotny R, Tamayo A, Wysocki T. The Ups and Downs of Parenting Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Crowdsourcing Study. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:846-860. [PMID: 28369409 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Parenting young children with type 1 diabetes (YC-T1D) entails pervasive challenges; parental coping may influence child and parent outcomes. This study used a qualitative descriptive design to describe these challenges comprehensively to inform the user-centered design of an Internet coping resource for parents. Methods A "Parent Crowd" of 153 parents of children with T1D onset at ≤ 5 years old submitted textual responses online to open-ended questions about parenting YC-T1D. Systematic coding organized responses into domains, themes, and examples. A supplemental focus group of racial/ethnic minority parents enhanced the sample's diversity and validated findings from the Parent Crowd. Results Similar domains and themes emerged from responses of crowdsourcing and focus group participants. In each domain, parenting YC-T1D was challenging, but there was also substantial evidence of positive coping strategies and adaptability. Conclusions The study yielded rich data to inform user-centered design of an Internet resource for parents of YC-T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Wysocki
- Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL
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Harrington KR, Boyle CT, Miller KM, Hilliard ME, Anderson BJ, Van Name M, DiMeglio LA, Laffel LM. Management and Family Burdens Endorsed by Parents of Youth <7 Years Old With Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017; 11:980-987. [PMID: 28770627 PMCID: PMC5951003 DOI: 10.1177/1932296817721938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated unique burdens experienced by parents of young children with type 1 diabetes in the context of contemporary diabetes management. METHODS Self-report surveys and medical record information from the T1D Exchange clinic registry were used. Parental burden and family impact scores were tabulated across demographic and clinical characteristics, overall and according to age group (<4, 4-<6, and 6-<7 years). RESULTS The mean age of the 597 children was 5.2 ± 1.2 years (n = 111 <4 years, n = 291 4-<6 years, and n = 195 6-<7 years) and mean duration of diabetes was 2.4 ± 1.1 years. Mean hemoglobin A1c was 8.2% ± 1.1%. Approximately one-third (31%) reported their child was currently using CGM and over half (58%) reported using insulin pumps. The most frequently endorsed parent-reported burdens of diabetes were worrying about child having a low blood sugar (74%), about the future and possibility of serious complications (70%), and feeling upset when their child's diabetes management is "off track" (61%). Areas endorsed for negative family impact were diminished amount or quality of sleep for family members (59%) and need for flexible working arrangements to help care for their child (55%). CONCLUSIONS Substantial burdens remain for parents of young children with type 1 diabetes, despite the availability of advanced technologies for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire T. Boyle
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA
- Claire T. Boyle, MS, Jaeb Center for Health Research, 15310 Amberly Dr, Ste 350, Tampa, FL 33647, USA.
| | | | - Marisa E. Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Lohan A, Morawska A, Mitchell AE. Development and Validation of a Measure Assessing Child Diabetes Behavior: The Diabetes Behavior Checklist. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2017; 41:111-127. [PMID: 28590880 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2017.1323978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in pediatric diabetes management has focused on general child behavior, which is linked with treatment adherence and health outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes. Little is known about child diabetes behavior problems specifically. The current study aimed to develop and validate a measure of diabetes-specific child behavior problems, and parents' confidence in managing these behaviors. Participants were a community sample of 186 parents of children aged 2-10 years with type 1 diabetes, recruited via online parenting forums and advertisements placed in school and childcare newsletters throughout Australia. The measure demonstrated excellent internal consistency and evidence of construct validity, and factor analyses revealed a 3-factor and a 1-factor structure for the Extent and Confidence scales, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence of validity of the Diabetes Behavior Checklist. The implications of these findings for intervention development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Lohan
- a Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- a Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- a Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
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Harrington K, Boyle CT, Miller KM, Hilliard ME, Anderson BJ, Van Name M, DiMeglio LA, Laffel LM. RETRACTED: Management and Family Burdens Endorsed by Parents of Youth <7 Years Old With Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2017:1932296817693255. [PMID: 28627221 DOI: 10.1177/1932296817693255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marisa E Hilliard
- 3 Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- 3 Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Fortunato F, Cappelli MG, Vece MM, Caputi G, Delvecchio M, Prato R, Martinelli D, Workgroup ACODR. Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes among Children and Adolescents in Italy between 2009 and 2013: The Role of a Regional Childhood Diabetes Registry. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7239692. [PMID: 27092312 PMCID: PMC4820582 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance represents a key strategy to control type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In Italy, national data are missing. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of T1DM in subjects <18 year olds in Apulia (a large southeastern region, about 4,000,000 inhabitants) and assessing the sensitivity of the regional Registry of Childhood-Onset Diabetes (RCOD) in the 2009-2013 period. METHODS We performed a retrospective study matching records from regional Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR), User Fee Exempt Registry (UFER), and Drugs Prescription Registry (DPR) and calculated T1DM incidence; completeness of each data source was also estimated. In order to assess the RCOD sensitivity we compared cases from the registry to those extracted from HDR-UFER-DPR matching. RESULTS During 2009-2013, a total of 917 cases (about 184/year) in at least one of the three sources and an annual incidence of 25.2 per 100,000 were recorded, lower in infant, increasing with age and peaked in 5- to 9-year-olds. The completeness of DPR was 78.7%, higher than that of UFER (64.3%) and of HDR (59.6%). The RCOD's sensitivity was 39.05% (360/922; 95% CI: 34.01%-44.09%). CONCLUSIONS Apulia appeared as a high-incidence region. A full, active involvement of physicians working in paediatric diabetes clinics would be desirable to improve the RCOD performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Fortunato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 70121 Foggia, Italy
| | - M. G. Cappelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 70121 Foggia, Italy
| | - M. M. Vece
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 70121 Foggia, Italy
| | - G. Caputi
- Taranto Local Health Unit, Viale Virgilio 31, Taranto, 74121 Puglia, Italy
| | - M. Delvecchio
- Pediatric Department “B. Trambusti”, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Prato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 70121 Foggia, Italy
| | - D. Martinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 70121 Foggia, Italy
- *D. Martinelli:
| | - Apulian Childhood-Onset Diabetes Registry Workgroup
- Pediatric Department, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Piazzetta Muratore, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Via F. Ferrari 1, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Policlinico Hospital, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Ospedali Riuniti” Policlinico Hospital, Viale Pinto 1, 70122 Foggia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Dario Camberlingo”Hospital, Viale M. delle Grazie, Francavilla Fontana, 72021 Brindisi, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “T. Maselli” Hospital, Viale 2 Giugno, San Severo, 71016 Foggia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Di Summa-Perrino” Hospital, S.S. 7 per Mesagne, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “G. Panico” Hospital, Via S. Pio X 4, Tricase, 73039 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Policlinico Hospital, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
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