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Tan C, Peng K, Lim T, Liu J, Ye Y, Lim L, Gao P, Oblong JE, Lam T. The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB-induced PGE 2 synthesis by keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:691-701. [PMID: 38433250 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema-associated inflammation. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose-response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in-vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB-induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real-time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live-cell imaging. RESULTS The application of AB5D to UVB-exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2, leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB-induced PGE2, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Tan
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Peng
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - TianYong Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Gao
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | | | - TzeHau Lam
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen YY, Huang SM, Cheng YW, Hsu YL, Lan CCE. High-glucose impact on UVB responses in human epidermal keratinocytes: Insights on diabetic skin's resistance to photocarcinogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 357:123083. [PMID: 39343088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B-induced damage in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) initiates photocarcinogenesis. However, how diabetes influences photocarcinogenesis is not well understood. To investigate the impact of high-glucose environments on responses to UVB, we cultured HEKs in normal-glucose (NG) or high-glucose (HG) conditions (G6 and G26), followed by UVB irradiation at 25 mJ/cm2 (G6UVB and G26UVB). We performed next-generation sequencing and analyzed HEKs' expression profiles bioinformatically to identify candidate genes and cellular responses involved. We found UVB induced consistent responses in both NG- and HG-cultivated HEKs, but it also triggered certain distinct processes and pathways specifically in the HG groups. The 459 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the HG groups revealed their roles in chromatin remodeling, nucleosome assembly, and interferon signaling activation. Moreover, the 29 DE genes identified in G26UVB/G6UVB comparison, including the potent tumor suppressor gene TFPI2, were considered key genes contributing to HEKs' altered response to UVB in HG environments. UVB irradiation induced significantly higher TFPI2 expression in HG-cultivated HEKs than their NG-cultivated counterpart. Finally, HG-cultivation significantly increased oxidative stress, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, and apoptosis, while reducing HEKs' viability after UVB irradiation. These changes under HG conditions probably mediate cell fate toward death and tumor regression. Overall, our findings provide evidence and associated molecular basis on how HG conditions reduce keratinocytes' photocarcinogenic potential following UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Saito P, Pinto IC, Rodrigues CCA, de Matos RLN, Vale DL, Melo CPB, Fattori V, Saraiva-Santos T, Mendes-Pierotti S, Bertozzi MM, Bracarense APFRL, Vignoli JA, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Resolvin D5 Protects Female Hairless Mouse Skin from Pathological Alterations Caused by UVB Irradiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1008. [PMID: 39199252 PMCID: PMC11351481 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a lipid mediator that has been reported to present anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties. Evidence also supports its capability to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during bacterial infections, which would be detrimental in diseases driven by ROS. The biological activity of RvD5 and mechanisms against UVB irradiation skin pathology have not been investigated so far. Female hairless mice were treated intraperitoneally with RvD5 before UVB stimulus. RvD5 reduced skin edema in a dose-dependent manner as well as oxidative stress by increasing antioxidants (endogenous tissue antioxidant scavenging of cationic radical, iron reduction, catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels) and decreasing pro-oxidants (superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation). RvD5 antioxidant activity was accompanied by enhancement of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression. RvD5 reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10. RvD5 also reduced the inflammatory cell counts, including mast cells and neutrophils/macrophages. The reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation resulted in diminished matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, collagen degradation, epidermal thickening and sunburn cell development. Therefore, this study demonstrates, to our knowledge, the first body of evidence that RvD5 can be used to treat UVB skin pathology and unveils, at least in part, its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Saito
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Ingrid C. Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Camilla C. A. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Ricardo L. N. de Matos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - David L. Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Cristina P. B. Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 80, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil; (V.F.); (T.S.-S.); (M.M.B.); (W.A.V.)
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 80, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil; (V.F.); (T.S.-S.); (M.M.B.); (W.A.V.)
| | - Soraia Mendes-Pierotti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Mariana M. Bertozzi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 80, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil; (V.F.); (T.S.-S.); (M.M.B.); (W.A.V.)
| | - Ana P. F. R. L. Bracarense
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Josiane A. Vignoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 80, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil; (V.F.); (T.S.-S.); (M.M.B.); (W.A.V.)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Londrina 86039-440, Paraná, Brazil; (P.S.); (I.C.P.); (C.C.A.R.); (R.L.N.d.M.); (D.L.V.); (C.P.B.M.); (S.M.-P.); (M.M.B.); (S.R.G.)
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Karisola P, Nikkola V, Joronen H, Ylianttila L, Grönroos M, Partonen T, Snellman E, Alenius H. Narrow-band UVB radiation triggers diverse changes in the gene expression and induces the accumulation of M1 macrophages in human skin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112887. [PMID: 38460430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying molecular mechanisms that determine the biological effects of UVB radiation exposure on human skin are still only partially comprehended. OBJECTIVES Our goal is to examine the human skin transcriptome and related molecular mechanisms following a single exposure to UVB in the morning versus evening. METHODS We exposed 20 volunteer females to four-fold standard erythema doses (SED4) of narrow-band UVB (309-313 nm) in the morning or evening and studied skin transcriptome 24 h after the exposure. We performed enrichment analyses of gene pathways, predicted changes in skin cell composition using cellular deconvolution, and correlated cell proportions with gene expression. RESULTS In the skin transcriptome, UVB exposure yielded 1384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the morning and 1295 DEGs in the evening, of which the most statistically significant DEGs enhanced proteasome and spliceosome pathways. Unexposed control samples showed difference by 321 DEGs in the morning vs evening, which was related to differences in genes associated with the circadian rhythm. After the UVB exposure, the fraction of proinflammatory M1 macrophages was significantly increased at both timepoints, and this increase was positively correlated with pathways on Myc targets and mTORC1 signaling. In the evening, the skin clinical erythema was more severe and had stronger positive correlation with the number of M1 macrophages than in the morning after UVB exposure. The fractions of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD8 T cells were significantly decreased in the morning but not in the evening. CONCLUSIONS NB-UVB-exposure causes changes in skin transcriptome, inhibiting cell division, and promoting proteasome activity and repair responses, both in the morning and in the evening. Inflammatory M1 macrophages may drive the UV-induced skin responses by exacerbating inflammation and erythema. These findings highlight how the same UVB exposure influences skin responses differently in morning versus evening and presents a possible explanation to the differences in gene expression in the skin after UVB irradiation at these two timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Karisola
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veera Nikkola
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Joronen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland; Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Lasse Ylianttila
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mari Grönroos
- Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finland.
| | - Erna Snellman
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Harri Alenius
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tang X, Yang T, Yu D, Xiong H, Zhang S. Current insights and future perspectives of ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure: Friends and foes to the skin and beyond the skin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108535. [PMID: 38428192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ubiquitous in the environment, which has been classified as an established human carcinogen. As the largest and outermost organ of the body, direct exposure of skin to sunlight or UV radiation can result in sunburn, inflammation, photo-immunosuppression, photoaging and even skin cancers. To date, there are tactics to protect the skin by preventing UV radiation and reducing the amount of UV radiation to the skin. Nevertheless, deciphering the essential regulatory mechanisms may pave the way for therapeutic interventions against UV-induced skin disorders. Additionally, UV light is considered beneficial for specific skin-related conditions in medical UV therapy. Recent evidence indicates that the biological effects of UV exposure extend beyond the skin and include the treatment of inflammatory diseases, solid tumors and certain abnormal behaviors. This review mainly focuses on the effects of UV on the skin. Moreover, novel findings of the biological effects of UV in other organs and systems are also summarized. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which UV affects the human organism remain to be fully elucidated to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Tang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingyi Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China.
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Serafini MM, Maddalon A, Iulini M, Galbiati V. Air Pollution: Possible Interaction between the Immune and Nervous System? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316037. [PMID: 36498110 PMCID: PMC9738575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants is a serious and common public health concern associated with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as economic burden. In recent years, the toxic effects associated with air pollution have been intensively studied, with a particular focus on the lung and cardiovascular system, mainly associated with particulate matter exposure. However, epidemiological and mechanistic studies suggest that air pollution can also influence skin integrity and may have a significant adverse impact on the immune and nervous system. Air pollution exposure already starts in utero before birth, potentially causing delayed chronic diseases arising later in life. There are, indeed, time windows during the life of individuals who are more susceptible to air pollution exposure, which may result in more severe outcomes. In this review paper, we provide an overview of findings that have established the effects of air pollutants on the immune and nervous system, and speculate on the possible interaction between them, based on mechanistic data.
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Exosomal microRNA-222-3p increases UVB sensitivity of lens epithelium cells by suppressing MGMT. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1611-1628. [PMID: 36319884 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract (ARC) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with multiple pathogenic factors. Oxidative damage of lens epithelium cells (LECs) is one of the well-accepted pathogenesis of ARC which can be regulated by DNA repair genes (DRGs). The present research aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on DRGs in LECs. METHODS The LECs oxidative damage model was established by UVB-irradiation on SRA01/04 (human lens epithelium cell line). Exosomes from UVB-irradiated cells (UVB-exo) and exosomes from normal control cells (NC-exo) were collected from the culture medium. To explore the functions of LECs exosomes, SRA01/04 were incubated with UVB-exo/NC-exo. Then, we detected SRA01/04 proliferation, viability and apoptosis respectively using 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Next, the miRNA expression profiles of UVB-exo and NC-exo were identified by miRNA microarrays. RNA expression in exosomes, cells, and clinical samples was verified by qRT-PCR. The location and expression of MGMT and CD63 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. The 3'UTR regulation of miR-222-3p to MGMT was verified by luciferase analyses. RESULTS MGMT down-regulated while miR-222-3p up-regulated in LECs sub-central anterior capsule from ARC lenses. MGMT and miR-222-3p expressions in central and peripheral LECs from anterior lens capsules were differential. UVB-exo can transport the up-regulated miR-222-3p from oxidative-damaged LECs to normal LECs, which could suppress MGMT expression and increase UVB sensitivity of LECs. CONCLUSIONS Findings on exosomal miRNA functions provided novel insights into pathogenesis of ARC. Exosomal miR-222-3p can be a potential target for prevention and cure of ARC.
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Esposito G, Balzamino BO, Rocco ML, Aloe L, Micera A. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) as Partaker in the Modulation of UV-Response in Cultured Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116337. [PMID: 35683016 PMCID: PMC9181148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corroborating data sustain the pleiotropic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the protection of the visual system from dangerous stimuli, including ultraviolet (UV). Since UV exposure might promote ocular surface changes (conjunctival inflammation and matrix rearrangement), as previously reported from in vivo studies sustaining some protective NGF effects, in vitro cultures of human conjunctival fibroblasts (FBs) were developed and exposed to a single UV exposure over 15 min (0.277 W/m2), either alone or supplemented with NGF (1–10–100 ng/mL). Conditioned media and cell monolayers were collected and analyzed for protein release (ELISA, ELLA microfluidic) and transcript expression (real-time PCR). A specific “inflammatory to remodeling” pattern (IL8, VEGF, IL33, OPN, and CYR61) as well as a few epigenetic transcripts (known as modulator of cell differentiation and matrix-remodeling (DNMT3a, HDAC1, NRF2 and KEAP1)) were investigated in parallel. UV-exposed FBs (i), showed no proliferation or significant cytoskeleton rearrangement; (ii), displayed a trkANGFR/p75NTR phenotype; and (iii), synthesized/released IL8, VEGF-A, IL33, OPN, and CYR61, as compared to unexposed ones. NGF addition counteracted IL8, IL33, OPN, and CYR61 protein release merely at lower NGF concentrations but not VEGF. NGF supplementation did not affect DNMT3a or HDAC1 transcripts, while it significantly upregulated NRF2 at lowest NGF doses and did not change KEAP1 expression. Taken together, a single UV exposure activated conjunctival FBs to release pro-inflammatory/fibrogenic factors in association with epigenetic changes. The effects were selectively counteracted by NGF supplementation in a dose-dependent fashion, most probably accountable to the trkANGFR/p75NTR phenotype. Further in vitro studies are underway to better understand this additional NGF pleiotropic effect. Since UV-shield impairments represent a worldwide alert and UV radiation can slowly affect ocular surface homeostasis (photo-ageing, cataract) or might exacerbate ocular diseases with a preexisting fibrosis (pterygium, VKC), these findings on NGF modulation of UV-exposed FBs might provide additional information for protecting the ocular surface (homeostasis) from low-grade long-lasting UV insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Esposito
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (B.O.B.)
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (B.O.B.)
| | - Maria Luisa Rocco
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione IRET, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luigi Aloe
- Fondazione IRET, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Associazione NGF ONLUS, 00172 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (G.E.); (B.O.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Salminen A. Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:697-712. [PMID: 35384505 PMCID: PMC8985067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with a remodeling of the immune system involving chronic low-grade inflammation and a gradual decline in the function of the immune system. These processes are also called inflammaging and immunosenescence. The age-related immune remodeling is associated with many clinical changes, e.g., risk for cancers and chronic infections increases, whereas the efficiency of vaccination and immunotherapy declines with aging. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that chronic inflammatory states promote the premature aging process. The inflammation associated with aging or chronic inflammatory conditions stimulates a counteracting immunosuppression which protects tissues from excessive inflammatory injuries but promotes immunosenescence. Immunosuppression is a driving force in tumors and chronic infections and it also induces the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive cells, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and type M2 macrophages, have a crucial role in tumorigenesis and chronic infections as well as in the tolerance to vaccination and immunotherapies. Interestingly, there is substantial evidence that inflammaging is also associated with an increased immunosuppressive activity, e.g., upregulation of immunosuppressive cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Given that both the aging and chronic inflammatory states involve the activation of immunosuppression and immunosenescence, this might explain why aging is a risk factor for tumorigenesis and chronic inflammatory states and conversely, chronic inflammatory insults promote the premature aging process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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10
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Snell JA, Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Hypochlorous Acid: From Innate Immune Factor and Environmental Toxicant to Chemopreventive Agent Targeting Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887220. [PMID: 35574306 PMCID: PMC9106365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of extrinsic environmental factors (referred to in their entirety as the 'skin exposome') impact structure and function of skin and its corresponding cellular components. The complex (i.e. additive, antagonistic, or synergistic) interactions between multiple extrinsic (exposome) and intrinsic (biological) factors are important determinants of skin health outcomes. Here, we review the role of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an emerging component of the skin exposome serving molecular functions as an innate immune factor, environmental toxicant, and topical chemopreventive agent targeting solar UV-induced skin cancer. HOCl [and its corresponding anion (OCl-; hypochlorite)], a weak halogen-based acid and powerful oxidant, serves two seemingly unrelated molecular roles: (i) as an innate immune factor [acting as a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived microbicidal factor] and (ii) as a chemical disinfectant used in freshwater processing on a global scale, both in the context of drinking water safety and recreational freshwater use. Physicochemical properties (including redox potential and photon absorptivity) determine chemical reactivity of HOCl towards select biochemical targets [i.e. proteins (e.g. IKK, GRP78, HSA, Keap1/NRF2), lipids, and nucleic acids], essential to its role in innate immunity, antimicrobial disinfection, and therapeutic anti-inflammatory use. Recent studies have explored the interaction between solar UV and HOCl-related environmental co-exposures identifying a heretofore unrecognized photo-chemopreventive activity of topical HOCl and chlorination stress that blocks tumorigenic inflammatory progression in UV-induced high-risk SKH-1 mouse skin, a finding with potential implications for the prevention of human nonmelanoma skin photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R.K. Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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11
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Ruiz VH, Encinas-Basurto D, Sun B, Eedara BB, Dickinson SE, Wondrak GT, Chow HHS, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Mansour HM. Design, Physicochemical Characterization, and In Vitro Permeation of Innovative Resatorvid Topical Formulations for Targeted Skin Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040700. [PMID: 35456534 PMCID: PMC9026853 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies worldwide and affect more than 5 million people in the United States every year. NMSC is directly linked to the excessive exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) rays. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist, resatorvid (TAK-242), is a novel prototype chemo preventive agent that suppresses the production of inflammation mediators induced by UV exposure. This study aimed to design and develop TAK-242 into topical formulations using FDA-approved excipients, including DermaBaseTM, PENcreamTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, propylene glycol (PG), carbomer gel, hyaluronic acid (HA) gel, and Pluronic® F-127 poloxamer triblock copolymer gel for the prevention of skin cancer. The physicochemical properties of raw TAK-242, which influence the compatibility and solubility in the selected base materials, were confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Raman spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The permeation behavior of TAK-242 from the prepared formulations was determined using Strat-M® transdermal diffusion membranes, and 3D cultured primary human-derived epidermal keratinocytes (EpiDermTM). Despite TAK-242′s high molecular weight and hydrophobicity, it can permeate through reconstructed human epidermis from all formulations. The findings, reported for the first time in this study, emphasize the capabilities of the topical application of TAK-242 via these multiple innovative topical drug delivery formulation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
| | - David Encinas-Basurto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
| | - Basanth Babu Eedara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
- Center for Translational Science, Florida Interational University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Sally E. Dickinson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.E.D.); (H.-H.S.C.); (C.C.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.E.D.); (H.-H.S.C.); (C.C.-L.)
| | - H. -H. Sherry Chow
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.E.D.); (H.-H.S.C.); (C.C.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.E.D.); (H.-H.S.C.); (C.C.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.H.R.); (D.E.-B.); (B.S.); (B.B.E.); (G.T.W.)
- Center for Translational Science, Florida Interational University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-772-345-4731
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12
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Tong S, Cinelli MA, El-Sayed NS, Huang H, Patel A, Silverman RB, Yang S. Inhibition of interferon-gamma-stimulated melanoma progression by targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Sci Rep 2022; 12:1701. [PMID: 35105915 PMCID: PMC8807785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is shown to stimulate melanoma development and progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been completely defined. Our study aimed to determine the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated signaling in IFN-γ-stimulated melanoma progression and the anti-melanoma effects of novel nNOS inhibitors. Our study shows that IFN-γ markedly induced the expression levels of nNOS in melanoma cells associated with increased intracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels. Co-treatment with novel nNOS inhibitors effectively alleviated IFN-γ-activated STAT1/3. Further, reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis demonstrated that IFN-γ induced the expression of HIF1α, c-Myc, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in contrast to IFN-α. Blocking the nNOS-mediated signaling pathway using nNOS-selective inhibitors was shown to effectively diminish IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells. Using a human melanoma xenograft mouse model, the in vivo studies revealed that IFN-γ increased tumor growth compared to control, which was inhibited by the co-administration of nNOS inhibitor MAC-3-190. Another nNOS inhibitor, HH044, was shown to effectively inhibit in vivo tumor growth and was associated with reduced PD-L1 expression levels in melanoma xenografts. Our study demonstrates the important role of nNOS-mediated NO signaling in IFN-γ-stimulated melanoma progression. Targeting nNOS using highly selective small molecular inhibitors is a unique and effective strategy to improve melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Tong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, #297-Y, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Naglaa Salem El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, #297-Y, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anika Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, #297-Y, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, #297-Y, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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13
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Wang P, Yan G, Xue H, Shen S, Cao Y, Zhang G, Wang X. Proteomics and lipidomics reveal the protective mechanism of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation for photoaging. Food Funct 2021; 12:7883-7896. [PMID: 34241612 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure could induce photoaging, and even carcinogenesis. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation has proved to alleviate photoaging and cutaneous carcinoma. Although the exact mechanism remains poorly elucidated, accumulated evidence suggests that the alleviation effect of n-3 PUFA for photoaging is a multifactorial procession characterized by different pathways. Here, we performed a whole-genome proteomics and lipidomics analyses using a self-constructed photoaging mouse model with n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA supplementation. Significant alleviation of photoaging was observed, and a total of 88 differentially expressed proteins and 152 differentially expressed lipids were identified in mice with n-3 PUFA supplementation. We found that n-3 PUFA may alleviate photoaging by upregulating Hmmr (hyaluronic acid receptor) expression, which can decrease Mmp9 expression, reducing collagen degradation. As most proteins were associated with lipogenesis and lipid metabolism, we further analyzed the lipidomics data, finding that most triglycerides (93%) showed a significant increase in the n-3 PUFA supplementation group. Our proteomics and lipidomics results indicate that the protective mechanism of n-3 PUFA for photoaging is complicated. Furthermore, the effect of elevated triglycerides by n-3 PUFA supplementation in counteracting skin photoaging cannot be ignored, which will become a new prime target in anti-photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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14
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Gao S, Guo K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jing R, Wang L, Li X, Hu Z, Xu N, Li X. Keratinocyte Growth Factor 2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Skin Damage via Activating the AhR/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655281. [PMID: 34163354 PMCID: PMC8215442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) can cause skin damage through oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to reduce the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UVB exposure, a role that is crucial for the efficient photoprotection of skin. The present study evaluated the photoprotective effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced skin damage and explored its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced damage ex vivo, a human epidermal full-thickness skin equivalent was pretreated without or with KGF-2 and then exposed to UVB and the levels of histopathological changes, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were then evaluated. The ability of KGF-2 to protect the cells against UVB-inflicted damage and its effect on ROS production, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction were determined in HaCaT cells. Results: Pretreatment of the epidermis with KGF-2 ameliorated the extent of photodamage. At the cellular level, KGF-2 could attenuate ROS production, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by UVB exposure. KGF-2 could also activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to trigger the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggested that KGF-2 could ameliorate UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulating AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lusheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Schumacher B, Pothof J, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JH. The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process. Nature 2021; 592:695-703. [PMID: 33911272 PMCID: PMC9844150 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex, multifaceted process leading to widespread functional decline that affects every organ and tissue, but it remains unknown whether ageing has a unifying causal mechanism or is grounded in multiple sources. Phenotypically, the ageing process is associated with a wide variety of features at the molecular, cellular and physiological level-for example, genomic and epigenomic alterations, loss of proteostasis, declining overall cellular and subcellular function and deregulation of signalling systems. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships and hierarchical order of these features of ageing have not been clarified. Here we synthesize accumulating evidence that DNA damage affects most, if not all, aspects of the ageing phenotype, making it a potentially unifying cause of ageing. Targeting DNA damage and its mechanistic links with the ageing phenotype will provide a logical rationale for developing unified interventions to counteract age-related dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA,Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Aguglia A, Cuomo A, Amerio A, Bolognesi S, Di Salvo G, Fusar-Poli L, Goracci A, Surace T, Serafini G, Aguglia E, Amore M, Fagiolini A, Maina G. A new approach for seasonal pattern: is it related to bipolarity dimension? Findings from an Italian multicenter study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:73-81. [PMID: 33399494 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1862235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess the impact of seasonal pattern on several clinical dimensions in inpatients with a current major depressive episode and to evaluate clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression according to seasonal pattern. METHODS Study participants were 300 patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) currently experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) and were recruited at three University Medical Centres in Italy. All study subjects completed several evaluation scales for depressive and hypomanic symptoms, quality of life and functioning, impulsiveness, and seasonal pattern. RESULTS Several differences between BD with and without seasonal pattern, MDD with and without seasonal pattern but in particular between BD and MDD with seasonal pattern were found. Patients with MDE with seasonal pattern had more frequently received a longitudinal diagnosis of BD. CONCLUSIONS A large number of patients with BD and seasonal pattern, but also a considerable number of patients with MDD and seasonal pattern, endorsed manic items during a current MDE. Seasonal pattern should be associated with a concept of bipolarity in mood disorders and not only related to bipolar disorder. A correct identification of seasonal patterns may lead to the implementation of personalised pharmacological treatment approaches.KEY POINTSHigh prevalence of mixed features in mood disorders with seasonal pattern, supporting the need for a dimensional approach to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder had seasonal pattern.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder reported (hypo)manic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Mood Disorders Program, Tufs Medical center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Bolognesi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Salvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Arianna Goracci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Surace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy
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18
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Chiu LY, Wu NL, Hung CF, Bai P, Dai YS, Lin WW. PARP-1 involves in UVB-induced inflammatory response in keratinocytes and skin injury via regulation of ROS-dependent EGFR transactivation and p38 signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21393. [PMID: 33570794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002285rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UV irradiation can injure the epidermis, resulting in sunburn, inflammation, and cutaneous tissue disorders. Previous studies demonstrate that EGFR in keratinocytes can be activated by UVB and contributes to inflammation. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme and plays an essential role in DNA repair under moderate stress. In this study, we set out to understand how PARP-1 regulates UVB irradiation-induced skin injury and interplays with EGFR to mediate the inflammation response. We found that PARP-1 deficiency exacerbated the UVB-induced inflammation, water loss, and back skin damage in mice. In human primary keratinocytes, UVB can activate PARP-1 and enhance DNA damage upon PARP-1 gene silencing. Moreover, PARP-1 silencing and PARP inhibitor olaparib can suppress UVB-induced COX-2 and MMP-1 expression, but enhance TNF-α and IL-8 expression. In addition, EGFR silencing or EGFR inhibition by gefitinib can decrease UVB-induced COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-8 expression, suggesting EGFR activation via paracrine action can mediate UVB-induced inflammation responses. Immunoblotting data revealed that PARP-1 inhibition decreases UVB-induced EGFR and p38 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 also dramatically led to the attenuation of UVB-induced inflammatory gene expression. Of note, genetic ablation of PARP-1 or EGFR can attenuate UVB-induced ROS production, and antioxidant NAC can attenuate UVB-induced EGFR-p38 signaling axis and PARP-1 activation. These data suggest the regulatory loops among EGFR, PARP-1, and ROS upon UVB stress. PARP-1 not only serves DNA repair function but also orchestrates interactions to EGFR transactivation and ROS production, leading to p38 signaling for inflammatory gene expression in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ya Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yang-Shia Dai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Everts HB, Akuailou EN. Retinoids in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:E153. [PMID: 33466372 PMCID: PMC7824907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies as early as the 1920s suggested that vitamin A deficiency leads to squamous cell metaplasia in numerous epithelial tissues including the skin. However, humans usually die from vitamin A deficiency before cancers have time to develop. A recent long-term cohort study found that high dietary vitamin A reduced the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). cSCC is a form of nonmelanoma skin cancer that primarily occurs from excess exposure to ultraviolet light B (UVB). These cancers are expensive to treat and can lead to metastasis and death. Oral synthetic retinoids prevent the reoccurrence of cSCC, but side effects limit their use in chemoprevention. Several proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism and signaling are altered in cSCC, which may lead to retinoid resistance. The expression of vitamin A metabolism proteins may also have prognostic value. This article reviews what is known about natural and synthetic retinoids and their metabolism in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76209, USA
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20
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Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235946. [PMID: 31779194 PMCID: PMC6929077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) is an amide form of vitamin B3 and the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential co-enzyme of redox reactions for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and for other metabolic processes. As NAD+ status is critical in maintaining cellular energy, vitamin B3 deficiency mainly affects tissues that need high cellular energy causing pellagra and skin sun sensitivity. In animal models, NAD+ deficiency leads to UV sensitivity of the skin, impairs DNA damage response, and increases genomic instability and cancer incidence. Furthermore, NAD+ depletion is associated with human skin aging and cancer. NAM prevents the UV-induced ATP depletion boosting cellular energy and enhances DNA repair activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NAM reduces skin cancer incidence and prevents the immune-suppressive effects of UV in mice. Thus, NAM is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and may have beneficial effects against skin aging changes and tumor development. Clinical studies showed that topical use of NAM reduces cutaneous aging. Furthermore, oral NAM administration reduces the level of UV-mediated immunosuppression and lowers the rate of non-melanoma skin cancers in high-risk patients. Therefore, NAM replenishment strategy may be a promising approach for skin cancer chemoprevention.
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21
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Xiang J, Chen Q, Kang L, Zhang G, Wang Y, Qin B, Wu J, Zhou T, Han Y, Guan H. LncRNA PLCD3-OT1 Functions as a CeRNA to Prevent Age-Related Cataract by Sponging miR-224-5p and Regulating PLCD3 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:4670-4680. [PMID: 31725166 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzhao Han
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Tavakoli S, Kharaziha M, Kermanpur A, Mokhtari H. Sprayable and injectable visible-light Kappa-carrageenan hydrogel for in-situ soft tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:590-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Malhotra P, Gupta AK, Singh D, Mishra S, Singh SK, Kumar R. Protection to immune system of mice by N-acetyl tryptophan glucoside (NATG) against gamma radiation induced immune suppression. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:578-590. [PMID: 31526941 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune system is a critical modulator of radiation-induced biological effects. In this study, we have assessed protective potential of N-acetyl tryptophan glucoside (NATG) pre-treatment in bone marrow of gamma radiation challenged mice. Isolated bone marrow cells were analysed for cell cycle progression by flow cytometry, while various pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were performed by ELISA method. Overall radioprotective ability of NATG in ensuring protection against gamma radiation-induced damage was assessed by evaluating whole body survival analysis and haematological studies on 9 Gy irradiated mice with/without NATG pre-treatment. Results exhibited pre-treatment with 150 mg/kg b.wt oral administration of NATG as most effective against 9 Gy radiation exposure. Moreover, NATG showed non-interfering effect on cell cycle progression in pre-treated irradiated mice group when compared to radiation alone group. In addition, cytokine expression analysis indicated significant (p > 0.05) elevation in levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-17 in NATG pre-treated irradiated mice in comparison to radiation alone group. On the contrary, NATG pre-treatment was observed to alleviate levels of TNF-α and IL-10 significantly (p < 0.05) in radiated group as compared to only irradiated mice group. Furthermore, NATG pre-treatment to 9 Gy radiation exposed mice aided in restoring their haematological parameters in terms of haemoglobin counts, RBC counts, WBC counts, hematocrit levels, platelets and granulocyte levels in comparison to irradiated alone mice, thus enhancing their immune system and contributing towards a better survival against gamma radiation-induced deleterious effects. Conclusively, this study highlights the potential of NATG as a prospective radiation countermeasure agent against ionizing radiation-induced assaults to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Darshana Singh
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Shravan K Singh
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology, Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India.
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24
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Anil Kumar S, Alonzo M, Allen SC, Abelseth L, Thakur V, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Willerth SM, Suggs L, Chattopadhyay M, Joddar B. A Visible Light-Cross-Linkable, Fibrin-Gelatin-Based Bioprinted Construct with Human Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4551-4563. [PMID: 32258387 PMCID: PMC7117097 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fibrin was added to a photo-polymerizable gelatin-based bioink mixture to fabricate cardiac cell-laden constructs seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) or CM cell lines with cardiac fibroblasts (CF). The extensive use of platelet-rich fibrin, its capacity to offer patient specificity, and the similarity in composition to surgical glue prompted us to include fibrin in the existing bioink composition. The cell-laden bioprinted constructs were cross-linked to retain a herringbone pattern via a two-step procedure including the visible light cross-linking of furfuryl-gelatin followed by the chemical cross-linking of fibrinogen via thrombin and calcium chloride. The printed constructs revealed an extremely porous, networked structure that afforded long-term in vitro stability. Cardiomyocytes printed within the sheet structure showed excellent viability, proliferation, and expression of the troponin I cardiac marker. We extended the utility of this fibrin-gelatin bioink toward coculturing and coupling of CM and cardiac fibroblasts (CF), the interaction of which is extremely important for maintenance of normal physiology of the cardiac wall in vivo. This enhanced "cardiac construct" can be used for drug cytotoxicity screening or unraveling triggers for heart diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
| | - Matthew Alonzo
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
| | - Shane C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Laila Abelseth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Vikram Thakur
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Diabetes and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Laura Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Munmun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Diabetes and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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25
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Advanced drug delivery systems and artificial skin grafts for skin wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:209-239. [PMID: 30605737 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous injuries, especially chronic wounds, burns, and skin wound infection, require painstakingly long-term treatment with an immense financial burden to healthcare systems worldwide. However, clinical management of chronic wounds remains unsatisfactory in many cases. Various strategies including growth factor and gene delivery as well as cell therapy have been used to enhance the healing of non-healing wounds. Drug delivery systems across the nano, micro, and macroscales can extend half-life, improve bioavailability, optimize pharmacokinetics, and decrease dosing frequency of drugs and genes. Replacement of the damaged skin tissue with substitutes comprising cell-laden scaffold can also restore the barrier and regulatory functions of skin at the wound site. This review covers comprehensively the advanced treatment strategies to improve the quality of wound healing.
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26
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Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive skin tumor with neuroendocrine features found in older people. The pathogenesis is associated with immunosuppression, chronic UV light exposure and the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Clinically, Merkel cell carcinoma presents as a solitary, cutaneous or subcutaneous, red to bluish node. Due to early lymphogenic metastasis, locoregional metastases are already present in approximately 30% of cases at the time of diagnosis. The frequent local recurrences as well as the regional and distant metastases usually appear within the first 2-3 years after the initial diagnosis. The first treatment after diagnosis consists of complete surgical removal of the primary tumor with wide safety margins as well as a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Subsequently, adjuvant irradiation of the primary site should be performed. By additional radiotherapy of the regional lymph node stations, the rate of locoregional recurrence can be reduced. For systemic therapy of advanced Merkel cell carcinoma checkpoint inhibitors targeted against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have proven to be highly and durably effective. In contrast the formerly frequently used chemotherapy shows moderate to good response rates but they are as a rule very short-lived.
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27
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Alyoussef A, Taha M. Antitumor activity of sulforaphane in mice model of skin cancer via blocking sulfatase-2. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:28-34. [PMID: 30315662 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many treatment options for skin cancer, the chemotherapeutic agents for skin cancer are linked with many adverse effects as well as the development of multidrug resistance. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate, which is found in cruciferous vegetables. Consumption of sulforaphane-rich diet has been linked to inhibition of UV-exposed skin carcinogenesis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the ability of sulforaphane to reduce skin cancer in mice through inhibition of sulfatase-2 enzyme. Epicutaneous application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was performed on the shaved dorsal skin of mice followed by croton oil. Sulforaphane (9 μmol/mouse/day) was administered to mice orally. Skin was removed from the dorsal area for assessment of sulfatase-2, glypican-3, heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), nuclear factor (NF)κB, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β and caspase-3. In addition, skin sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin, Mallory and cytokeratin immunostaining. We found that, sulforaphane blocked sulfatase-2 activity, leading to significant elevation in HSPGs as well as significant reduction in glypican-3. In addition, sulforaphane significantly activated Nrf2 and reduced both the gene and protein expression of NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β and caspase-3. In parallel, stained sections obtained from skin cancer mice treated with sulforaphane showed significant reduction in hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and epithelial dysplasia. The collective results indicate that sulforaphane suppresses skin cancer via blocking sulfatase-2 with subsequent elevation in HSPGs and reduction in glypican-3. Moreover, sulforaphane attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alyoussef
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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28
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The relevance of epigenetics to seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:201-202. [PMID: 30014960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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30
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Khan AQ, Travers JB, Kemp MG. Roles of UVA radiation and DNA damage responses in melanoma pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:438-460. [PMID: 29466611 PMCID: PMC6031472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of melanoma is a serious public health issue that merits a thorough understanding of potential causative risk factors, which includes exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Though UVR has been classified as a complete carcinogen and has long been recognized for its ability to damage genomic DNA through both direct and indirect means, the precise mechanisms by which the UVA and UVB components of UVR contribute to the pathogenesis of melanoma have not been clearly defined. In this review, we therefore highlight recent studies that have addressed roles for UVA radiation in the generation of DNA damage and in modulating the subsequent cellular responses to DNA damage in melanocytes, which are the cell type that gives rise to melanoma. Recent research suggests that UVA not only contributes to the direct formation of DNA lesions but also impairs the removal of UV photoproducts from genomic DNA through oxidation and damage to DNA repair proteins. Moreover, the melanocyte microenvironment within the epidermis of the skin is also expected to impact melanomagenesis, and we therefore discuss several paracrine signaling pathways that have been shown to impact the DNA damage response in UV-irradiated melanocytes. Lastly, we examine how alterations to the immune microenvironment by UVA-associated DNA damage responses may contribute to melanoma development. Thus, there appear to be multiple avenues by which UVA may elevate the risk of melanoma. Protective strategies against excess exposure to UVA wavelengths of light therefore have the potential to decrease the incidence of melanoma. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:438-460, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Q Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
- Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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31
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Hasche D, Vinzón SE, Rösl F. Cutaneous Papillomaviruses and Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Causal Agents or Innocent Bystanders? Front Microbiol 2018; 9:874. [PMID: 29770129 PMCID: PMC5942179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still controversy in the scientific field about whether certain types of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally involved in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Deciphering the etiological role of cutaneous HPVs requires - besides tissue culture systems - appropriate preclinical models to match the obtained results with clinical data from affected patients. Clear scientific evidence about the etiology and underlying mechanisms involved in NMSC development is fundamental to provide reasonable arguments for public health institutions to classify at least certain cutaneous HPVs as group 1 carcinogens. This in turn would have implications on fundraising institutions and health care decision makers to force - similarly as for anogenital cancer - the implementation of a broad vaccination program against "high-risk" cutaneous HPVs to prevent NMSC as the most frequent cancer worldwide. Precise knowledge of the multi-step progression from normal cells to cancer is a prerequisite to understand the functional and clinical impact of cofactors that affect the individual outcome and the personalized treatment of a disease. This overview summarizes not only recent arguments that favor the acceptance of a viral etiology in NMSC development but also reflects aspects of causality in medicine, the use of empirically meaningful model systems and strategies for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hasche
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina E Vinzón
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frank Rösl
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Research Program "Infection, Inflammation and Cancer", German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Modulation of UVB-induced Carcinogenesis by Activation of Alternative DNA Repair Pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:705. [PMID: 29335541 PMCID: PMC5768739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for ultraviolet (UV) light-induced nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers centers on cumulative genomic instability caused by inefficient DNA repair of dipyrimidine photoproducts. Inefficient DNA repair and subsequent translesion replication past these DNA lesions generate distinct molecular signatures of tandem CC to TT and C to T transitions at dipyrimidine sites. Since previous efforts to develop experimental strategies to enhance the repair capacity of basal keratinocytes have been limited, we have engineered the N-terminally truncated form (Δ228) UV endonuclease (UVDE) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe to include a TAT cell-penetrating peptide sequence with or without a nuclear localization signal (NLS): UVDE-TAT and UVDE-NLS-TAT. Further, a NLS was engineered onto a pyrimidine dimer glycosylase from Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (cv-pdg-NLS). Purified enzymes were encapsulated into liposomes and topically delivered to the dorsal surface of SKH1 hairless mice in a UVB-induced carcinogenesis study. Total tumor burden was significantly reduced in mice receiving either UVDE-TAT or UVDE-NLS-TAT versus control empty liposomes and time to death was significantly reduced with the UVDE-NLS-TAT. These data suggest that efficient delivery of exogenous enzymes for the initiation of repair of UVB-induced DNA damage may protect from UVB induction of squamous and basal cell carcinomas.
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Penta D, Somashekar BS, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of skin cancer: Interventions by selected bioactive phytochemicals. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:42-49. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Bagganahalli S. Somashekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
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Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine features. MCC pathogenesis is associated with either the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus or chronic exposure to ultraviolet light (UV), which can cause a characteristic pattern of multiple DNA mutations. Notably, in the Northern hemisphere, the majority of MCC cases are of viral aetiology; by contrast, in areas with high UV exposure, UV-mediated carcinogenesis is predominant. The two aetiologies share similar clinical, histopathological and prognostic characteristics. MCC presents with a solitary cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule, most frequently in sun-exposed areas. In fact, UV exposure is probably involved in both viral-mediated and non-viral-mediated carcinogenesis, by contributing to immunosuppression or DNA damage, respectively. Confirmation of diagnosis relies on analyses of histological features and immunological marker expression profiles of the lesion. At primary diagnosis, loco-regional metastases are already present in ∼30% of patients. Excision of the tumour is the first-line therapy; if not feasible, radiotherapy can often effectively control the disease. Chemotherapy was the only alternative in advanced-stage or refractory MCC until several clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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Noshadi I, Hong S, Sullivan KE, Sani ES, Portillo-Lara R, Tamayol A, Shin SR, Gao AE, Stoppel WL, Black LD, Khademhosseini A, Annabi N. In vitro and in vivo analysis of visible light crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2093-2105. [PMID: 28805830 PMCID: PMC5614854 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photocrosslinkable materials have been frequently used for constructing soft and biomimetic hydrogels for tissue engineering. Although ultraviolet (UV) light is commonly used for photocrosslinking such materials, its use has been associated with several biosafety concerns such as DNA damage, accelerated aging of tissues, and cancer. Here we report an injectable visible light crosslinked gelatin-based hydrogel for myocardium regeneration. Mechanical characterization revealed that the compressive moduli of the engineered hydrogels could be tuned in the range of 5-56 kPa by changing the concentrations of the initiator, co-initiator and co-monomer in the precursor formulation. In addition, the average pore sizes (26-103 μm) and swelling ratios (7-13%) were also shown to be tunable by varying the hydrogel formulation. In vitro studies showed that visible light crosslinked GelMA hydrogels supported the growth and function of primary cardiomyocytes (CMs). In addition, the engineered materials were shown to be biocompatible in vivo, and could be successfully delivered to the heart after myocardial infarction in an animal model to promote tissue healing. The developed visible light crosslinked hydrogel could be used for the repair of various soft tissues such as the myocardium and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with enhanced therapeutic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Noshadi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seonki Hong
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kelly E. Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA
| | - Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, 64700, Mexico
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert E. Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Whitney L. Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA
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Justiniano R, Perer J, Hua A, Fazel M, Krajisnik A, Cabello CM, Wondrak GT. A Topical Zinc Ionophore Blocks Tumorigenic Progression in UV-exposed SKH-1 High-risk Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1472-1482. [PMID: 28503778 DOI: 10.1111/php.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in the United States representing a considerable public health burden. Pharmacological suppression of skin photocarcinogenesis has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies, but more efficacious photochemopreventive agents are needed. Here, we tested feasibility of harnessing pharmacological disruption of intracellular zinc homeostasis for photochemoprevention in vitro and in vivo. Employing the zinc ionophore and FDA-approved microbicidal agent zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), used worldwide in over-the-counter (OTC) topical consumer products, we first demonstrated feasibility of achieving ZnPT-based intracellular Zn2+ overload in cultured malignant keratinocytes (HaCaT-ras II-4; SCC-25) employing membrane-permeable fluorescent probes. Zinc overload was accompanied by induction of intracellular oxidative stress, associated with mitochondrial superoxide release as substantiated by MitoSOX Red™ fluorescence microscopy. ZnPT-induced cell death observable in malignant keratinocytes was preceded by induction of metal (MT2A), proteotoxic (HSPA6, HSPA1A, DDIT3, HMOX1) and genotoxic stress response (GADD45A, XRCC2) gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Comet analysis revealed introduction of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive oxidative DNA lesions. In a photocarcinogenesis model (UV-exposed SKH-1 high-risk mouse skin), topical ZnPT administration post-UV caused epidermal zinc overload and stress response gene expression with pronounced blockade of tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data suggest feasibility of repurposing a topical OTC drug for zinc-directed photochemoprevention of solar UV-induced NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Justiniano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jessica Perer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Anh Hua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mohammad Fazel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea Krajisnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Christopher M Cabello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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38
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Prasad R, Singh T, Katiyar SK. Honokiol inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression through inhibition of ultraviolet-induced inflammation and DNA hypermethylation in mouse skin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1657. [PMID: 28490739 PMCID: PMC5431968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure induces immunosuppression, which contributes to the development of cutaneous malignancies. We investigated the effects of honokiol, a phytochemical found in plants of the genus Magnolia, on UVB-induced immunosuppression using contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a model in C3H/HeN mice. Topical application of honokiol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/cm2 skin area) had a significant preventive effect on UVB-induced suppression of the CHS response. The inflammatory mediators, COX-2 and PGE2, played a key role in this effect, as indicated by honokiol inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and PGE2 production in the UVB-exposed skin. Honokiol application also inhibited UVB-induced DNA hypermethylation and its elevation of the levels of TET enzyme, which is responsible for DNA demethylation in UVB-exposed skin. This was consistent with the restoration of the CHS response in mice treated with the DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, after UVB exposure. There was no significant difference in the levels of inhibition of UVB-induced immunosuppression amongst mice that were treated topically with available anti-cancer drugs (imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil). This study is the first to show that honokiol has the ability to inhibit UVB-induced immunosuppression in preclinical model and, thus, has potential for use as a chemopreventive strategy for UVB radiation-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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