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Huang F, Chen L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wu F, Hu Q, Chang N, Qiu T, Zeng Y, He H, White JC, Yang W, Fang L. Exogenous selenium promotes cadmium reduction and selenium enrichment in rice: Evidence, mechanisms, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135043. [PMID: 38941835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice, a global environmental issue, poses a significant threat to human health due to its widespread presence and potential transfer through the food chain. Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient for humans and plants, can reduce Cd uptake in rice and alleviate Cd-induced toxicity. However, the effects and mechanisms of Se supplementation on rice performance in Cd-contaminated soil remain largely unknown. Here, a global meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the existing knowledge on the effects and mechanisms by which Se supplementation impacts rice growth and Cd accumulation. The result showed that Se supplementation has a significant positive impact on rice growth in Cd-contaminated soil. Specifically, Se supplementation decreased Cd accumulation in rice roots by 16.3 % (11.8-20.6 %), shoots by 24.6 % (19.9-29.1 %), and grain by 37.3 % (33.4-40.9 %), respectively. The grain Cd reduction was associated with Se dose and soil Cd contamination level but not Se type or application method. Se influences Cd accumulation in rice by regulating the expression of Cd transporter genes (OSLCT1, OSHMA2, and OSHMA3), enhancing Cd sequestration in the cell walls, and reducing Cd bioavailability in the soil. Importantly, Se treatment promoted Se enrichment in rice and alleviated oxidative damage associated with Cd exposure by stimulating photosynthesis and activating antioxidant enzymes. Overall, Se treatment mitigated the health hazard associated with Cd in rice grains, particularly in lightly contaminated soil. These findings reveal that Se supplementation is a promising strategy for simultaneous Cd reduction and Se enrichment in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Jingqiu Huang
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Qing Hu
- College of Environment and Resource, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Nan Chang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haoran He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Wenchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Linchuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Cakmak I, Rengel Z. Potassium may mitigate drought stress by increasing stem carbohydrates and their mobilization into grains. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 303:154325. [PMID: 39142140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency occurs commonly in crop plants. Optimal K nutrition is particularly important when plants are exposed to stress conditions (especially drought and heat) because a cellular demand for K increases. Low K in plant tissues is known to aggravate the effects of drought stress by impairing the osmoregulation process and the photosynthetic carbon metabolism. However, despite numerous publications about the role of K in enhancing tolerance to drought stress in crop plants, our understanding of the major mechanisms underlying the stress-mitigating effects of K is still limited. This paper summarizes and appraises the current knowledge on the major protective effects of K under drought stress, and then proposes a new K-related drought stress-mitigating mechanism, whereby optimal K nutrition may promote partitioning of carbohydrates in stem tissues and subsequent mobilization of these carbohydrates into developing grain under drought stress. The importance of stem reserves of carbohydrates is based on limited photosynthetic capacity during the grain-filling period under drought conditions due to premature leaf senescence as well as due to impaired assimilate transport from leaves to the developing grains. Plants with a high capacity to store large amounts of soluble carbohydrates in stems before anthesis and mobilize them into grain post-anthesis have a high potential to yield well in dry and hot environments. In practice, particular attention needs to be paid to the K nutritional status of plants grown with limited water supply, especially during grain filling. Because K is the mineral nutrient deposited mainly in stem, a special consideration should be given to stems of crop plants in research dealing with the effects of K on yield formation and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cakmak
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA 6009, Australia
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Ghassemi-Golezani K, Rahimzadeh S. Biochar-based nanoparticles mitigated arsenic toxicity and improved physiological performance of basil via enhancing cation exchange capacity and ferric chelate reductase activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142623. [PMID: 38897325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The modified biochars have positive effects in reducing heavy metal toxicity for plants. However, the mechanism and extent of these effects on mitigating arsenic toxicity and plant performance are not clear. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial to evaluate the potential of fresh and enriched biochars with potassium and magnesium nano-sulfates [potassium-enriched biochar (K-BC), magnesium-enriched biochar (Mg-BC) in individual and combined forms] on reducing arsenic toxicity (non-contamination, 50, and 100 mg NaAsO2 kg-1 soil) in basil plants. Biochar-related treatments reduced plant arsenic absorption rate (up to 24%), arsenic content of root (up to 38%) and shoot (up to 21%) and root tonoplast H+-ATPase activity (up to 30%). The fresh and particularly enriched biochars improved soil properties (pH, CEC, and available iron content), ferric chelate reductase activity, iron, potassium and magnesium contents of plant tissues, chlorophyll content index, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, relative electron transport rate, leaf area, and basil growth (shoot and root dry weight). These results revealed that enriched biochars are useful soil amendments for improving physiological performance of plants via reducing heavy metal toxicity and enhancing cation exchange capacity, nutrient availability and ferric chelate reductase activity. Therefore, soil amendment by enriched biochars could be a sustainable solution for enhancing plant productivity in contaminated soils via mitigating environmental impacts. This is an environmentally friendly method for using the natural wastes to overcome the adverse effects of soil pollutants on medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Rahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sai R, Paswan S. Influence of higher levels of NPK fertilizers on growth, yield, and profitability of three potato varieties in Surma, Bajhang, Nepal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34601. [PMID: 39148971 PMCID: PMC11325050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is a crucial food and cash crop with high yield potential in many parts of the Bajhang district. However, achieving optimal yields can be hindered by inconsistent NPK fertilizer application rates and suboptimal potato variety selection, including instances where no fertilizers are used at all by the farmers. To address these challenges and determine the most effective NPK fertilizer rates and potato varieties, a field experiment was conducted in Surma rural municipality of Bajhang district. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, to evaluate the effects of four NPK fertilizer rates (0:0:0, 50:50:50, 100:100:60, and 150:150:90 kg NPK/ha) and three potato varieties (Khumal Seto, Cardinal, and Bajhang Local), on growth, yield, and economic profitability. Statistical analysis, including analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), indicated that the highest values for plant height, canopy diameter, number of leaves, number of main stems, tuber weight, fresh weight of leaves and stems, average tuber diameter and number of marketable tubers per hill were consistently observed higher in either the Khumal Seto or Bajhang Local potato varieties. Similarly, these results were particularly prominent with the application of 150:150:90 kg NPK/ha. Economic analysis demonstrated that the Khumal Seto variety showed superior performance in terms of gross benefit, net benefit, and benefit-to-cost ratio (NPR 1,805,714.29, NPR 1,306,168.83, and 3.61, respectively) when compared to other varieties. Similarly, the application of 150:150:90 kg NPK/ha resulted in higher economic returns (NPR 1,645,714.29, NPR 1,129,908.83, and 3.19). In conclusion, using higher levels of mineral fertilizers (150:150:90 kg NPK/ha) with high yielding and well adapted potato varieties such as Khumal Seto and Bajhang Local significantly enhances growth, yield, and profitability in potato cultivation, as demonstrated by the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijwan Sai
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Shobha Paswan
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Cui J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jin H, He L, Wang H, Lu P, Miao C, Yu J, Ding X. Low-Potassium Fruits and Vegetables: Research Progress and Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1893. [PMID: 39065420 PMCID: PMC11280005 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the improved recognition of nutritional therapy, research on low-potassium (LK) fruits and vegetables for CKD patients has gained global attention. Despite its already commercial availability primarily in Japan, public awareness remains limited, and cultivation methods lack a comprehensive strategy. This review offers an extensive examination of the developmental significance, current cultivation techniques, and existing limitations of functional LK fruits and vegetables with the objective of providing guidance and inspiration for their exploitation. Additionally, this review investigates various factors influencing K content, including varieties, temperature, light, exogenous substances, harvest time, and harvest parts, with a focus on optimizing production methods to enhance potassium utilization efficiency (KUE) and decrease the K content in plants. Finally, the review outlines the shortcomings and prospects of research on LK fruits and vegetables, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research (in agriculture technology, medicine, and business) for patients with CKD and the future development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (L.H.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (L.H.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (C.M.)
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Amir M, Raheem A, Yadav P, Kumar V, Tewari RK, Jalil SU, Danish M, Ansari MI. Phytofabricated gold nanoparticles as modulators of salt stress responses in spinach: implications for redox homeostasis, biochemical and physiological adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408642. [PMID: 38957605 PMCID: PMC11217327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of plant material for synthesizing nanoparticles effectively triggers physiological and biochemical responses in plants to combat abiotic stresses. Salt stress, particularly caused by NaCl, significantly affects plant morphology and physiology, leading to reduced crop yields. Understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance is crucial for maintaining crop productivity. Methods In this study, we examined the effects of 150 μM spinach-assisted gold nanoparticles (S-AuNPs) on various parameters related to seed germination, growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal traits, ion concentrations, stress markers, antioxidants, metabolites, and nutritional contents of spinach plants irrigated with 50 mM NaCl. Results Results showed that S-AuNPs enhanced chlorophyll levels, leading to improved light absorption, increased photosynthates production, higher sugar content, and stimulated plant growth under NaCl stress. Stomatal traits were improved, and partially closed stomata were reopened with S-AuNPs treatment, possibly due to K+/Na+ modulation, resulting in enhanced relative water content and stomatal conductance. ABA content decreased under S-AuNPs application, possibly due to K+ ion accumulation. S-AuNPs supplementation increased proline and flavonoid contents while reducing ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation via activation of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. S-AuNPs also regulated the ionic ratio of K+/Na+, leading to decreased Na+ accumulation and increased levels of essential ions in spinach plants under NaCl irrigation. Discussion Overall, these findings suggest that S-AuNPs significantly contribute to salt stress endurance in spinach plants by modulating various physiological attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amir
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Syed Uzma Jalil
- Amity Institutes of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Danish
- Botany section, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hydrabad, India
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Wang R, ZongGuo X, Hu R, Wu J, Xu Y, Yu Z, Yang L, Yan G, Liu J, Zhang Y. Biomass ash as soil fertilizers: Supercharging biomass accumulation by shifting auxin distribution. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141910. [PMID: 38582170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing quantities of biomass ashes (phyto-ashs) are currently produced worldwide due to the increasing biomass consumption in energy applications. Utilization of phyto-ash in agriculture is environmentally friendly solution. However, mechanisms involving the coordination of carbon metabolism and distribution in plants and soil amendment are not well known. In the present study, tobacco plants were chemically-fertilized with or without 2‰ phyto-ash addition. The control had sole chemical fertilizer; for two phyto-ash treatments, the one (T1) received comparable levels of nitrogen, phophorus, and potassium from phyto-ash and fertilizers as the control and another (T2) had 2‰ of phyto-ash and the same rates of fertilizers as the control. Compared with the control, phyto-ash addition improved the soil pH from 5.94 to about 6.35; T2 treatment enhanced soil available potassium by 30% but no difference of other elements was recorded among three treatments. Importantly, bacterial (but not fungal) communities were significantly enriched by phyto-ash addition, with the rank of richness as: T2 > T1 > control. Consistent with amelioration of soil properties, phyto-ash promoted plant growth through enlarged leaf area and photosynthesis and induced outgrowth of lateral roots (LRs). Interestingly, increased auxin content was recorded in 2nd and 3rd leaves and roots under phyto-ash application, also with the rank level as T2 > T1 > control, paralleling with higher transcripts of auxin synthetic genes in the topmost leaf and stronger [3H]IAA activity under phyto-ash addition. Furthermore, exogenous application of analog exogenous auxin (NAA) restored leaf area, photosynthesis and LR outgrowth to the similar level as T2 treatment; conversely, application of auxin transport inhibitor (NPA) under T2 treatment retarded leaf and root development. We demonstrated that phyto-ash addition improved soil properties and thus facilitated carbon balance within plants and biomass accumulation in which shifting auxin distribution plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibao Wang
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Qujing Company, Qujing, 655002, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinan ZongGuo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ripeng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Qujing Company, Qujing, 655002, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxian Xu
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Yuxi Company, Yuxi, 652500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Qujing Company, Qujing, 655002, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyong Yan
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Qujing Company, Qujing, 655002, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Qujing Company, Qujing, 655002, Yunnan, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li C, Zeng Q, Han Y, Zhou X, Xu H. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Cucumber Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic System under Different Potassium Ion Levels. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:348. [PMID: 38785830 PMCID: PMC11117608 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Potassium deficiency is one of the important factors restricting cucumber growth and development. This experiment mainly explored the effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on cucumber seedling growth and the photosynthetic system under different potassium levels, and the rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) that promote plant growth were used to solubilize potassium in soil, providing theoretical support for a further investigation of the effect of biological bacteria fertilizer on cucumber growth and potassium absorption. "Xinjin No. 4" was used as the test material for the pot experiment, and a two-factor experiment was designed. The first factor was potassium application treatment, and the second factor was bacterial application treatment. The effects of different treatments on cucumber seedling growth, photosynthetic characteristics, root morphology, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied. The results showed that potassium and B. subtilis had obvious promotion effects on the cucumber seedling growth and the photosynthesis of leaves. Compared with the blank control, the B. subtilis treatment had obvious effects on the cucumber seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, branch number, crossing number, gs, WUE, Ci, and A; the dry weight of the shoot and root increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Potassium application could significantly promote cucumber growth, and the effect of B. subtilis and potassium application was greater than that of potassium application alone, and the best effect was when 0.2 g/pot and B. subtilis were applied. In conclusion, potassium combined with B. subtilis could enhance the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves and promote the growth of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingpan Zeng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yuzhu Han
- School of Environment and Resources, Biotechnology, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116620, China;
| | - Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (C.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Akadiri SA, Dada PO, Badejo AA, Adeosun OJ, Ogunrinde AT, Faloye OT. Phytoremediation of an integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater using sub-surface constructed wetland planted with Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1133-1143. [PMID: 38140944 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2294485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on assessing the effectiveness of vertical subsurface constructed wetlands (VSFCW) in purifying integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater (PAW) in a tropical region. This evaluation encompassed the treatment of physico-chemical, heavy metal, and microbiological pollutants across three distinct climatic seasons and hydraulic retention time (HRT: 21 days). Parameters such as BOD (29.50 mg/L), COD (56.67 mg/L), Zn (2.97 mg/L), Cr (0.24 mg/L), Cu (1.78 mg/L), Pb (0.21 mg/L), total fecal coliform (866.67 cfu/mL), total coliform (1666.67 cfu/mL), E. coli (1133.33 cfu/mL), and Salmonella/Shigella (700 cfu/mL) exceeded the discharge limits for wastewater into nearby surface water bodies. Significant removal efficiencies were observed for all parameters tested in the CW planted with both Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia. The macrophytes showed similar removal efficiencies for all tested parameters, and there was no significant difference in the initial concentrations of the parameters based on the experimental season, except for microbial properties. This suggests that weather conditions did not significantly impact the concentration of physical and chemical properties in the wastewater. Consequently, this study successfully demonstrates the potential of using a VSFCW for effective treatment of PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrach A Akadiri
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ondo State Local Government Service Commission, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Pius O Dada
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A Badejo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi J Adeosun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinwale T Ogunrinde
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun T Faloye
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Shen J, Xiao X, Zhong D, Lian H. Potassium humate supplementation improves photosynthesis and agronomic and yield traits of foxtail millet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9508. [PMID: 38664476 PMCID: PMC11045805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet is a highly nutritious crop, which is widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. Humic acid (HA), as a common plant growth regulator, is used as an organic fertilizer and feed additive in agricultural production. However, the impact of potassium humate KH on the photosynthetic rate and yield of foxtail millet has not yet been studied. We explored the effects of KH application on the morphology, photosynthetic ability, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield of foxtail millet. A field experiment was performed using six concentrations of KH (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 kg ha-1) supplied foliarly at the booting stage in Zhangza 10 cultivar (a widely grown high-yield variety). The results showed that KH treatment increased growth, chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs). In addition, soluble protein content, sugar content, and nitrate reductase activity increased in KH-treated plants. With increased KH concentration, the effects became more evident and the peak values of each factor were achieved at 80 kg ha-1. Photosynthetic rate showed significant correlation with SPAD, Tr, Gs, and soluble protein content, but was negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration. Compared to that of the control, the yield of foxtail millet under the T2, T3, T4, and T5 (40, 80, 160, and 320 kg ha-1 of KH) treatments significantly increased by 6.0%, 12.7%, 10.5%, and 8.6%, respectively. Yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with Tr, Pn, and Gs. Overall, KH enhances photosynthetic rate and yield of foxtail millet, therefore it may be conducive to stable millet production. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the green and efficient production of millet fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dandan Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, China.
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Wang X, Chen Z, Sui N. Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374086. [PMID: 38693929 PMCID: PMC11061501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplast, the site for photosynthesis and various biochemical reactions, is subject to many environmental stresses including salt stress, which affects chloroplast structure, photosynthetic processes, osmotic balance, ROS homeostasis, and so on. The maintenance of normal chloroplast function is essential for the survival of plants. Plants have developed different mechanisms to cope with salt-induced toxicity on chloroplasts to ensure the normal function of chloroplasts. The salt tolerance mechanism is complex and varies with plant species, so many aspects of these mechanisms are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we explore the effect of salinity on chloroplast structure and function, and discuss the adaptive mechanisms by which chloroplasts respond to salt stress. Understanding the sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress will help us understand the important role of chloroplasts in plant salt stress adaptation and lay the foundation for enhancing plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Zhou H, Peng J, Zhao W, Zeng Y, Xie K, Huang G. Leaf diffusional capacity largely contributes to the reduced photosynthesis in rice plants under magnesium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108565. [PMID: 38537380 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have clarified the impacts of magnesium (Mg) on leaf photosynthesis from the perspectives of protein synthesis, enzymes activation and carbohydrate partitioning. However, it still remains largely unknown how stomatal and mesophyll conductances (gs and gm, respectively) are regulated by Mg. In the present study, leaf gas exchanges, leaf hydraulic parameters, leaf structural traits and cell wall composition were examined in rice plants grown under high and low Mg treatments to elucidate the impacts of Mg on gs and gm. Our results showed that reduction of leaf photosynthesis under Mg deficiency was mainly caused by the decreased gm, followed by reduced leaf biochemical capacity and gs, and leaf outside-xylem hydraulic conductance (Kox) was the major factor restricting gs under Mg deficiency. Moreover, increased leaf hemicellulose, lignin and pectin contents and decreased cell wall effective porosity were observed in low Mg plants relative to high Mg plants. These results suggest that Kox and cell wall composition play important roles in regulating gs and gm, respectively, in rice plants under Mg shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kailiu Xie
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
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Abou Fayssal S, Kumar P, Popescu SM, Khanday MUD, Sardar H, Ahmad R, Gupta D, Kumar Gaur S, Alharby HF, Al-Ghamdi AG. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) cultivated in domestic wastewater and lake water irrigated soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27138. [PMID: 38455530 PMCID: PMC10918222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Irrigation of crops with domestic wastewater (DW) is a common practice in developing countries like India. However, domestic wastewater irrigation poses a risk of migration of toxic heavy metals to edible parts of crops, which requires serious measures to prevent their uptake. In this study, the effect of DW irrigation in comparison with Sarbal Lake water (SLW) and borewell water (BW) on soil characteristics and cultivated saffron (Crocus sativus L.) was investigated. For this purpose, samples of water, soil, and saffron (corm, petal, and stigma) were collected from the suburban area of Pampore, Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The results showed that DW irrigation had the maximum significant (p < 0.05) influence on the physico-chemical and nutrient characteristics of the soil, followed by SLW and BW irrigation, respectively. The growth and yield parameters of saffron were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the case of DW irrigation as compared to SLW and BW. The quality ranking of the cultivated saffron was found to be in accordance with the ISO standard (III: BW and II: DW and SLW). On the other hand, DW irrigation showed a significant increase in heavy metal contents (mg/kg) of saffron plant parts such as As (0.21-0.40), Cd (0.04-0.09), Cr (0.16-0.41), Cu (7.31-14. 75), Fe (142.38-303.15), Pb (0.18-0.31), Mn (15.26-22.81), Hg (0.18-0.25), Ni (0.74-1.18), Se (0.13-0.22), and Zn (3.44-4.59), followed by SLW and BW. However, the levels of heavy metals did not exceed the FAO/WHO safe limits. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), dietary intake modeling (DIM<0.006496), health risk assessment (HRI<0.028571), and target hazard quotient (THQ<1) analyses showed no potential health hazard associated with the consumption of saffron irrigated with DW and SLW. Therefore, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of irrigation sources for saffron cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agroecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
- Research and Development Division, Society for AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Simona M. Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mehraj ud-din Khanday
- Division of Soil Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Hasan Sardar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
| | - Deep Gupta
- College of Smart Agriculture, COER University, Roorkee 247667, India
| | | | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Li J, Han T, Liu K, Shen Z, Daba NA, Tadesse KA, Khan MN, Shah A, Wang Z, Zhang H. Optimizing potassium and nitrogen fertilizer strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in global agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170270. [PMID: 38278248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The efficient management of fertilizer application in agriculture is vital for both food security and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, as potassium fertilizer (KF) is an essential soil nutrient, its impact on soil GHG emissions has received little attention. To address this knowledge gap and identify key determinants of GHG emissions, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 205 independent experiments conducted worldwide. Our results revealed that, in comparison to sole nitrogen fertilizer (NF) application, the concurrent use of KF elevated nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions by 39.5 % and 21.1 %, respectively, while concurrently reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 8.1 %. The ratio of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer input (NF/KF) is identified as the primary factor explaining the variation in N2O emissions, whereas the type of KF plays a crucial role in determining CH4 and CO2 emissions. We observed a significant negative correlation between the NF/KF ratio and response ratios of N2O and CH4 emissions and a positive correlation with CO2 emissions response ratios. Furthermore, our findings indicate that when the NF/KF ratio surpasses 1.97, 4.61, and 3.78, respectively, the impact of KF on reducing N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions stabilizes. Overall, our results underscore that the global integration of KF into agricultural practices significantly influences N2O and CH4 emissions, while simultaneously reducing CO2 emissions at a large scale. These findings provide a foundational framework and practical guidance for optimizing fertilizer application in the development of GHG emission reduction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianfu Han
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kailou Liu
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. Jinxian, Jiangxi 331717, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nano Alemu Daba
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Kiya Adare Tadesse
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Numan Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Asad Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Qiyang Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, Hunan 426182, China.
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15
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Roosta HR, Bikdeloo M, Ghorbanpour M. The growth, nutrient uptake and fruit quality in four strawberry cultivars under different Spectra of LED supplemental light. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:179. [PMID: 38454341 PMCID: PMC10921718 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to determine the effects of different supplemental light spectra on the growth, nutrient uptake, and fruit quality of four strawberry cultivars. The plants were grown under natural light and treated with blue (460 nm), red (660 nm), and red/blue (3:1) lights. Results showed that the "Parous" and "Camarosa" had higher fresh and dry mass of leaves, roots, and crowns compared to the "Sabrina" and "Albion". The use of artificial LED lights improved the vegetative growth of strawberry plants. All three supplemental light spectra significantly increased the early fruit yield of cultivars except for "Parous". The red/blue supplemental light spectrum also increased the fruit mass and length of the "Albion". Supplemental light increased the total chlorophyll in "Camarosa" and "Albion", as well as the total soluble solids in fruits. The "Albion" had the highest concentration of fruit anthocyanin, while the "Sabrina" had the lowest. The use of supplemental light spectra significantly increased the fruit anthocyanin concentration in all cultivars. Without supplemental light, the "Camarosa" had the lowest concentration of K and Mg, which increased to the highest concentration with the use of supplemental light spectra. All three spectra increased Fe concentration to the highest value in the "Sabrina", while only the red/blue light spectrum was effective on the "Camarosa". In conclusion, the use of supplemental light can increase the yield and fruit quality of strawberries by elevating nutrients, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin concentrations in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Bikdeloo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Mun BG, Hussain A, Park YG, Kang SM, Lee IJ, Yun BW. The PGPR Bacillus aryabhattai promotes soybean growth via nutrient and chlorophyll maintenance and the production of butanoic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341993. [PMID: 38439982 PMCID: PMC10909845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize plant roots, establish a mutualistic relationship with the plants and help them grow better. This study reports novel findings on the plant growth-promoting effects of the PGPR Bacillus aryabhattai. Soil was collected from a soybean field, PGPR were isolated, identified, and characterized for their ability to promote plant growth and development. The bacterium was isolated from the soybean rhizosphere and identified as B. aryabhattai strain SRB02 via 16s rRNA sequencing. As shown by SEM, the bacterium successfully colonized rice and soybean roots within 2 days and significantly promoted the growth of the GA-deficient rice cultivar Waito-C within 10 days, as well as the growth of soybean plants with at least six times longer shoots, roots, higher chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weight after 10 days of inoculation. ICP analysis showed up to a 100% increase in the quantity of 18 different amino acids in the SRB02-treated soybean plants. Furthermore, the 2-DE gel assay indicated the presence of several differentially expressed proteins in soybean leaves after 24 hrs of SRB02 application. MALDI-TOF-MS identified β-conglycinin and glycinin along with several other proteins that were traced back to their respective genes. Analysis of bacterial culture filtrates via GCMS recorded significantly higher quantities of butanoic acid which was approximately 42% of all the metabolites found in the filtrates. The application of 100 ppm butanoic acid had significantly positive effects on plant growth via chlorophyll maintenance. These results establish the suitability of B. aryabhattai as a promising PGPR for field application in various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yeon-Gyeong Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jacomassi LM, Pacola M, Momesso L, Viveiros J, Júnior OA, de Siqueira GF, de Campos M, Crusciol CAC. Foliar Application of Amino Acids and Nutrients as a Tool to Mitigate Water Stress and Stabilize Sugarcane Yield and Bioenergy Generation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38337992 PMCID: PMC10857448 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Extended periods of water stress negatively affect sugarcane crop production. The foliar application of supplements containing specific nutrients and/or organic molecules such as amino acids can improve sugarcane metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, and the quality of the extracted juice. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the foliar application of an abiotic stress protection complement (ASPC) composed of 18 amino acids and 5 macronutrients. The experiments were carried out in the field with two treatments and twelve replicates. The two treatments were no application of ASPC (control) and foliar application of ASPC. The foliar application of ASPC increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was higher in ASPC-treated plants than in control plants, reflecting higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The level of H2O2 was 11.27 nM g-1 protein in plants treated with ASPC but 23.71 nM g-1 protein in control plants. Moreover, the application of ASPC increased stalk yield and sucrose accumulation, thus increasing the quality of the raw material. By positively stabilizing the cellular redox balance in sugarcane plants, ASPC application also increased energy generation. Therefore, applying ASPC is an effective strategy for relieving water stress while improving crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moraes Jacomassi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Marcela Pacola
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Letusa Momesso
- Department of Agriculutre, School of Agriculture, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Josiane Viveiros
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Osvaldo Araújo Júnior
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Gabriela Ferraz de Siqueira
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Murilo de Campos
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
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18
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Alves DMR, de Mello Prado R, Barreto RF. Silicon and sodium attenuate potassium deficiency in Eruca sativa Mill. Food Chem 2024; 432:137225. [PMID: 37625304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) fertilizers are limited and non-renewable. Exploring the use of sodium (Na) and silicon (Si) as alternatives to reduce its use may be an alternative. However, the relationship of these elements with arugula nutrition and quality is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the effects of Na and Si on the parameters of arugula under conditions of K deficiency and sufficiency. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a hydroponics system. The treatments used were K-sufficient, K-sufficient with Na, K-sufficient with Si, K-deficient, K-deficient with Na, and K-deficient with Si. Evaluations of physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and growth aspects were performed. Si supply increased the production of total phenols, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids in K-deficient plants. Both elements attenuated the damage caused by K deficiency and improved quality. This is an innovative strategy for the sustainable cultivation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyvielen Maria Ramos Alves
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Access Route Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Access Route Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapadão do Sul Campus (CPCS), MS-306 Highway, Km105, Rural Area, Chapadão do Sul, MS 79560-000, Brazil.
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Goren AY, Eskisoy DN, Genisoglu S, Okten HE. Microbial desalination cell treated spent geothermal brine as a nutrient medium in hydroponic lettuce cultivation: Health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167778. [PMID: 37863224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity and contamination of freshwater resources are extremely critical issues today, and the expansion of water reuse has been considered as an option to decrease its impact. Therefore, the reuse of microbial desalination (MDC)-treated spent geothermal brine for agricultural purposes arises as a good solution to prevent water contamination and provide sustainable water usage. In this study, the potential of treated spent geothermal water from MDC system as a nutrient solution for the hydroponic cultivation of lettuce was evaluated. The effects of different water samples (Hoagland solution (R1) as a control, MDC-treated water (R2), 1:1, v/v mixture of MDC-treated water and Hoagland solution (R3), 4:1, v/v mixture of MDC-treated water and Hoagland solution (R4), and tap water (R5)) on lettuce growth were considered. The application of R3 and R4 samples for hydroponic lettuce cultivation was promising since the lettuce plants uptake sufficient nutrients for their growth and productivity with low toxic metal concentrations. In addition, the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotene contents of lettuce were in the range of 1.045-2.391 mg/g, 0.761-1.986 mg/g, and 0.296-0.423 mg/g in different water samples, respectively. The content of chlorophyll-a was highest in R1 (2.391 mg/g), followed by R3 (2.371 mg/g). Furthermore, the health risk assessment of heavy metal accumulations in the lettuce plants cultivated in the various water samples was determined. Results showed that heavy metal exposure via lettuce consumption is unlikely to suffer noticeable adverse health problems with values below the permissible limit value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Goren
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D N Eskisoy
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Bioengineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - S Genisoglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H E Okten
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, İzmir, Turkey; Environmental Development Application and Research Center, İzmir, Turkey.
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20
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Chen B, Fang J, Piao S, Ciais P, Black TA, Wang F, Niu S, Zeng Z, Luo Y. A meta-analysis highlights globally widespread potassium limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:154-165. [PMID: 37804058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is the most abundant inorganic cation in plant cells, playing a critical role in various plant functions. However, the impacts of K on natural terrestrial ecosystems have been less studied compared with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we present a global meta-analysis aimed at quantifying the response of aboveground production to K addition. This analysis is based on 144 field K fertilization experiments. We also investigate the influences of climate, soil properties, ecosystem types, and fertilizer regimes on the responses of aboveground production. We find that: K addition significantly increases aboveground production by 12.3% (95% CI: 7.4-17.5%), suggesting a widespread occurrence of K limitation across terrestrial ecosystems; K limitation is more prominent in regions with humid climates, acidic soils, or weathered soils; the effect size of K addition varies among climate zones/regions, and is influenced by multiple factors; and previous N : K and K : P thresholds utilized to detect K limitation in wetlands cannot be applied to other biomes. Our findings emphasize the role of K in limiting terrestrial productivity, which should be integrated into future terrestrial ecosystems models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Wang Q, Shan C, Zhang P, Zhao W, Zhu G, Sun Y, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Shakoor N, Rui Y. The combination of nanotechnology and potassium: applications in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1890-1906. [PMID: 38079036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Potassium fertilizer is indispensable for ensuring crop production, which in turn supports global food supply and safe farming practices. Potassium resources are primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to a current shortage of affordable potash and severe soil deficiencies in certain regions of the Southern Hemisphere. There is a shift away from mined salts in favor of locally available potassium resources. Utilizing potassium-rich silicates, for instance, could be a viable option to address this situation. The imperative of enhancing crop productivity and quality necessitates either increasing potassium availability or utilizing potassium more efficiently. Geneticists may find the development of plants that use potassium more effectively to be a valuable pursuit. Nanomaterials are increasingly becoming part of people's professional lives as a novel material category. This technology is gradually finding applications in agriculture to boost crop yields while reducing environmental pollution. This paper reviews the applications of common potassium-containing materials, explores the effects and mechanisms of nano-fertilizers on plants, and offers insights into future applications of nano-potassium fertilizers in agriculture. All in all, the application of nanotechnology in the production and utilization of potassium fertilizers is both necessary and effective. However, there are still many gaps in the current field of nano-potassium fertilizer application that require further research. It is hoped that this review can serve as a valuable reference for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Shan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guikai Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Quanlong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- China Agricultural University Professor Workstation of Yuhuangmiao Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- China Agricultural University Professor Workstation of Sunji Town, Shanghe County, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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22
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Ye X, Gao Z, Xu K, Li B, Ren T, Li X, Cong R, Lu Z, Cakmak I, Lu J. Photosynthetic plasticity aggravates the susceptibility of magnesium-deficient leaf to high light in rapeseed plants: the importance of Rubisco and mesophyll conductance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:483-497. [PMID: 37901950 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown under low magnesium (Mg) soils are highly susceptible to encountering light intensities that exceed the capacity of photosynthesis (A), leading to a depression of photosynthetic efficiency and eventually to photooxidation (i.e., leaf chlorosis). Yet, it remains unclear which processes play a key role in limiting the photosynthetic energy utilization of Mg-deficient leaves, and whether the plasticity of A in acclimation to irradiance could have cross-talk with Mg, hence accelerating or mitigating the photodamage. We investigated the light acclimation responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus) grown under low- and adequate-Mg conditions. Magnesium deficiency considerably decreased rapeseed growth and leaf A, to a greater extent under high than under low light, which is associated with higher level of superoxide anion radical and more severe leaf chlorosis. This difference was mainly attributable to a greater depression in dark reaction under high light, with a higher Rubisco fallover and a more limited mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ). Plants grown under high irradiance enhanced the content and activity of Rubisco and gm to optimally utilize more light energy absorbed. However, Mg deficiency could not fulfill the need to activate the higher level of Rubisco and Rubisco activase in leaves of high-light-grown plants, leading to lower Rubisco activation and carboxylation rate. Additionally, Mg-deficient leaves under high light invested more carbon per leaf area to construct a compact leaf structure with smaller intercellular airspaces, lower surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular airspaces, and CO2 diffusion conductance through cytosol. These caused a more severe decrease in within-leaf CO2 diffusion rate and substrate availability. Taken together, plant plasticity helps to improve photosynthetic energy utilization under high light but aggravates the photooxidative damage once the Mg nutrition becomes insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Montgomery BL. Following the Principles of the Universe: Lessons from Plants on Individual and Communal Thriving. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1391-1398. [PMID: 37604783 PMCID: PMC10755201 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The means by which plants and other organisms exist in and respond to dynamic environments to support their thriving as individuals and in communities provide lessons for humans on sustainable and resilient thriving. First examined in my book, Lessons from Plants (Harvard University Press, 2021), I explore herein the following question: "How can plants teach us to be better humans?" I consider how insights gathered from plant physiology, phenotypic plasticity, and other plant growth phenomena can help us improve our lives and our society, with a focus on highlighting academic and scientific environments. Genetically identical plants can have very different appearances, metabolisms, and behaviors if the external environments in which they are growing differ in light or nutrient availability, among other environmental differences. Plants are even capable of transformative behaviors that enable them to maximize their chances of survival in dynamic and sometimes unfriendly environments, while also transforming the environment in which they exist in the process. Highlighting examples from research on, for instance, plants' responses to light and nutrient cues, I focus on insights for humans derived from lessons from plants. These lessons focus on how plants achieve their own purposes by following common principles of the universe on thriving and resilience as individuals and in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beronda L Montgomery
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, 1121 Park Street, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
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24
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Liu X, Qiao Y, Zhou W, Dong W, Gu L. Determinants of photochemical characteristics of the photosynthetic electron transport chain of maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279963. [PMID: 38053761 PMCID: PMC10694277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC) is the bridge that links energy harvesting during the photophysical reactions at one end and energy consumption during the biochemical reactions at the other. Its functioning is thus fundamental for the proper balance between energy supply and demand in photosynthesis. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding how the structural properties of the ETC are affected by nutrient availability and plant developmental stages, which is a major roadblock to comprehensive modeling of photosynthesis. Methods Redox parameters reflect the structural controls of ETC on the photochemical reactions and electron transport. We conducted joint measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and gas exchange under systematically varying environmental conditions and growth stages of maize and sampled foliar nutrient contents. We utilized the recently developed steady-state photochemical model to infer redox parameters of electron transport from these measurements. Results and discussion We found that the inferred values of these photochemical redox parameters varied with leaf macronutrient content. These variations may be caused either directly by these nutrients being components of protein complexes on the ETC or indirectly by their impacts on the structural integrity of the thylakoid and feedback from the biochemical reactions. Also, the redox parameters varied with plant morphology and developmental stage, reflecting seasonal changes in the structural properties of the ETC. Our findings will facilitate the parameterization and simulation of complete models of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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25
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Costa KSQ, Oliveira CF, Melo MP, Lima HC, Ferreira RLC, Melo NC, Moraes FKC, Cruz FJR, Souza LC, Nascimento VR. Growth and production of cowpea beans under potassium doses in soil of cerrado in Amapá, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e273777. [PMID: 37970900 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.273777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a legume of great socioeconomic importance, it was previously cultivated exclusively for subsistence and commercial purposes, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This crop has a low production cost and high nutritional value, in addition to a high potential for productivity growth and expansion to other regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate parameters of growth and production in cowpea culture, as a function of potassium fertilization in soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The parameters of growth and production of the cowpea culture were evaluated, as a function of potassium fertilization in the soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, totaling 40 experimental units, which were composed of plastic pots containing 7 dm3 of soil collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm ) of a typical Hyperdystrophic Yellow Argisol, with a sandy clay loam texture, in a cerrado area in the municipality of Porto Grande-AP. The factors consisted of the control treatment (without K), four doses of K (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) in the form of potassium chloride, and two cowpea cultivars (Pretinho and BRS Tumucumaque). The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque shows better growth and production of cowpea plants. Doses of 90 kg ha-1 provided greater height (98.75 cm) and stem diameter (10.0 mm). As for production, the dose of 135 kg ha-1 caused greater grain weight gain (5.25 g) and dry mass of pods (13.92 g), and the doses of 90 and 180 kg ha-1 induced greater number and length of pods (3.16 pods) respectively. These results show better responsiveness of the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar at doses of 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 in the type of soil where the study was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Q Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - C F Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - M P Melo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - H C Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - R L C Ferreira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - N C Melo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - F K C Moraes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Porto Grande, Amapá - Brasil
| | - F J R Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Campus Laranjal do Jari, Amapá - Brasil
| | - L C Souza
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Agricultura e Ciências Ambientais, Campus Chapadinha, Maranhão - Brasil
| | - V R Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Belém, Pará - Brasil
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26
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Aslam MM, Farhat F, Zulfiqar S, Siddiqui MA, Asim M, Sial MA. Efficiency of nitrogen, gibberellic acid and potassium on canola production under sub-tropical regions of Pakistan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18677. [PMID: 37907585 PMCID: PMC10618472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for crop production is rapidly growing due to the continued rise in world population. Crop productivity varies generally with soil nutrient profile and climate. The optimal use of fertilizers might help to attain higher crop yield in canola. To circumvent nutrient imbalance issues in soil, two separate field trials were conducted to determine (a) the best source of nitrogen (N) between ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), (b) significance of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium (K), in an attempt to enhance canola yield and yield attributes. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The nitrogen source in the form of NH4)2SO4 (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and NH4NO3 (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) was applied in the rhizosphere after 3 and 7 weeks of sowing, referred to as experiment 1 (E1). In another separate experiment (E2), the canola crop was sprayed with four level of GA3 (0, 10, 15, 30 g/ha) and K (0, 2.5, 3.5, 6 g/ha) individually or in combination by using hydraulic spryer, 30 days after sowing (DAS). The data was collected at different growth stages of canola and analyzed statistically. The E1 trail showed that N fortification in the form of NH4NO3 (100 kg/ha) and (NH4)2SO4 (30 kg/ha) had a positive effect on the plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola except oil percentage. Moreover, canola plants (E2) also displayed a significant improvement on all studied features with high doses of GA3 (30 g/ha) and K (6 g/ha) individualy and in combined form. The correlation coefficient analysis of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 was highly significant to plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola In a nutshell, compared to both source of N, NH4NO3 was more efficient and readily available source of N. GA3 being a growth elicitor and potassium as a micronutrient serve as potential source to improve yield and to manage nutrient profile of canola.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saman Zulfiqar
- Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asim
- Plant Science Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ali Sial
- Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
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27
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Oliveira CEDS, Jalal A, Aguilar JV, de Camargos LS, Zoz T, Ghaley BB, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Alarjani KM, AbdElgawad H, Teixeira Filho MCM. Yield, nutrition, and leaf gas exchange of lettuce plants in a hydroponic system in response to Bacillus subtilis inoculation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248044. [PMID: 37954988 PMCID: PMC10634435 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis is a promising approach to increase plant yield and nutrient acquisition. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the B. subtilis concentration that increases yield, gas exchange, and nutrition of lettuce plants in a hydroponic system. The research was carried out in a greenhouse in Ilha Solteira, Brazil. A randomized block design with five replications was adopted. The treatments consisted of B. subtilis concentrations in nutrient solution [0 mL "non-inoculated", 7.8 × 103, 15.6 × 103, 31.2 × 103, and 62.4 × 103 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 of nutrient solution]. There was an increase of 20% and 19% in number of leaves and 22% and 25% in shoot fresh mass with B. subtilis concentrations of 15.6 × 103 and 31.2 × 103 CFU mL-1 as compared to the non-inoculated plants, respectively. Also, B. subtilis concentration at 31.2 × 103 CFU mL-1 increased net photosynthesis rate by 95%, intercellular CO2 concentration by 30%, and water use efficiency by 67% as compared to the non-inoculated treatments. The concentration of 7.8 × 103 CFU mL-1 improved shoot accumulation of Ca, Mg, and S by 109%, 74%, and 69%, when compared with non-inoculated plants, respectively. Inoculation with B. subtilis at 15.6 × 103 CFU mL-1 provided the highest fresh leaves yield while inoculation at 15.6 × 103 and 31.2 × 103 CFU mL-1 increased shoot fresh mass and number of leaves. Concentrations of 7.8 × 103 and 15.6 × 103 increased shoot K accumulation. The concentrations of 7.8 × 103, 15.6 × 103, and 31.2 × 103 CFU mL-1 increased shoot N accumulation in hydroponic lettuce plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arshad Jalal
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jailson Vieira Aguilar
- Department of Biology and Zootechnics, Lab of Plant Morphology and Anatomy/Lab Plant Metabolism and Physiology, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliane Santos de Camargos
- Department of Biology and Zootechnics, Lab of Plant Morphology and Anatomy/Lab Plant Metabolism and Physiology, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Zoz
- Department of Crop Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul – UEMS, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bhim Bahadur Ghaley
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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29
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Guo S, Liu Z, Sheng H, Olukayode T, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang M, He M, Kochian L, Qin Y. Dynamic transcriptome analysis unravels key regulatory genes of maize root growth and development in response to potassium deficiency. PLANTA 2023; 258:99. [PMID: 37837470 PMCID: PMC10576708 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Integrated root phenotypes and transcriptome analysis have revealed key candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development in potassium deficiency. Potassium (K) is a vital macronutrient for plant growth, but our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms in maize root system architecture (RSA) and K+ uptake remains limited. To address this, we conducted hydroponic and field trials at different growth stages. K+ deficiency significantly inhibited maize root growth, with metrics like total root length, primary root length, width and maximum root number reduced by 50% to 80% during early seedling stages. In the field, RSA traits exhibited maximum values at the silking stage but continued to decline thereafter. Furthermore, K deprivation had a pronounced negative impact on root morphology and RSA growth and grain yield. RNA-Seq analysis identified 5972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 17 associated with K+ signaling, transcription factors, and transporters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 23 co-expressed modules, with enrichment of transcription factors at different developmental stages under K deficiency. Several DEGs and transcription factors were predicted as potential candidate genes responsible for maize root growth and development. Interestingly, some of these genes exhibited homology to well-known regulators of root architecture or development in Arabidopsis, such as Zm00001d014467 (AtRCI3), Zm00001d011237 (AtWRKY9), and Zm00001d030862 (AtAP2/ERF). Identifying these key genes helps to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing maize root growth and development under nutrient deficient conditions offering potential benefits for enhancing maize production and improving stress resistance through targeted manipulation of RSA traits in modern breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Huajin Sheng
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Toluwase Olukayode
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiang He
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China
| | - Leon Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, People's Republic of China.
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Keshtehgar A, Dahmardeh M, Ghanbari A, Khammari I. Prediction models of macro-nutrient content in plant organs of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements using support vector regression. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15417. [PMID: 37810792 PMCID: PMC10552743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undoubtedly, the importance of food and food security as one of the present and future challenges is not invisible to anyone. Nowadays, the development of methods for monitoring the nutrient content in crop products is an essential issue for implementing reasonable and logical soil properties management. The modeling technique can evaluate the soil properties of fields and study the subject of crop yield through soil management. This study aims to predict fruit yield and macro-nutrient content in plant organs of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements using support vector regression (SVR). Methodology In the spring of 2020, this study was done as a factorial test in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the use of fertilizers in six levels: no fertilizer (control), cow manure (30 t ha-1), sheep manure (30 t ha-1), nanobiomic foliar application (2 l ha-1), silicone foliar application (3 l ha-1), and chemical fertilizer from urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulfate sources (200, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). In addition, four levels of vermicompost considering as the second factor: no vermicompost (control), 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1. Input data sets such as fruit yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in the seeds, fruits, leaves, and roots are used to calibrate the probabilistic model of SP using SVR. Results According to the results, when the data sets of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fruit uses as input, the accuracy of these models was higher than 80.0% (R2 = 0.807 for predicting fruit nitrogen; R2 = 0.999 for fruit phosphorus; R2 = 0.968 for fruit potassium). Also, the results of the prediction models in response to soil elements showed that the soil nitrogen content ranged from 0.05 to 1.1%, soil phosphorus from 10 to 59 mg kg-1, and soil potassium from 180 to 320 mg kg-1, which offers a suitable macro-nutrient content in the soil. Likewise, the best fruit nitrogen content ranged from 1.27 to 4.33%, fruit phosphorus from 15.74 to 26.19%, fruit potassium from 15.19 to 19.67%, and fruit yield from 2.16 to 5.95 kg per plant obtained under NPK chemical fertilizers and using 15 t ha-1 of vermicompost. Conclusions Because the fruit values had the highest contribution in prediction than observed values, thus identified as the best plant organs in response to soil elements. Based on our findings, the importance of fruit phosphorus identifies as a determinant that strongly influenced melon prediction models. More significant values of soil elements do not affect increasing fruit yield and macro-nutrient content in plant organs, and excessive application may not be economical. Therefore, our studies provide an efficient approach with potentially high accuracy to estimate fruit yield and macro-nutrient in the fruits of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements and cause a saving in the amount of fertilizer during the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Keshtehgar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dahmardeh
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghanbari
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Issa Khammari
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
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Thokchom SD, Gupta S, Mewar SK, Kumar P, Kalra C, Kapoor R. Metabolome profiling of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus treated Ocimum tenuiflorum L. provides insights into deviation in allocation of carbon compounds to secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108039. [PMID: 37717347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) has been reported to influence secondary metabolism of Ocimum tenuiflorum L., thereby improving its therapeutic and commercial importance. To explain changes in the secondary metabolite profile, the study reports effects of AM on leaf metabolome of two high yielding genotypes of O. tenuiflorum inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices. NMR-based non-targeted metabolic fingerprinting was related to changes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels in mycorrhizal (M) plants. AM resulted in higher accumulation of sucrose, which could be related with enhanced photosynthesis by virtue of increased uptake of mineral nutrients. A strong positive correlation between sucrose and net photosynthetic rate and sucrose and mineral nutrients supported that AM-mediated increase in uptake of mineral nutrients is associated with enhanced photosynthetic rate and accumulation of sucrose. Further, higher sucrose synthase activity resulted in increased glucose. Hexokinase activity was also higher in M plants resulting in higher pyruvate accumulation. On the contrary, Krebs cycle was compromised in M plants as evident by lower activities of its enzymes and concentrations of organic and amino acids. Nevertheless, AM increased activities and expressions of enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis, shikimate, and phenylpropanoid pathways, thereby resulting in augmented production of terpenoids, phenylalanine, and phenols, respectively. Thus, metabolic reprogramming downstream of glycolysis was apparent wherein AMF resulted in more allocation of carbon resources to secondary metabolism as opposed to primary metabolism, which was supported by Pearson's correlation analysis. Higher C:N ratio in M plants explains the provision of more carbon resources to secondary metabolism as against primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samta Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar Mewar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Charu Kalra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007, India.
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Arif Y, Singh P, Mir AR, Alam P, Hayat S. Insights into salicylic acid-mediated redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite involvement in improvement of photosynthetic performance, enzyme activities, ionomics, and yield in different varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108047. [PMID: 37748371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known signaling molecule and phenolic plant hormone. However, the optimal concentration of SA required for beneficial effects may vary across different plant species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on two different varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Sakata-713 and Neelam) in order to determine the optimal concentration of SA and its impact on the growth, physiology, and biochemical processes of the plants. We conducted an experiment applying different SA concentrations (0, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 M) at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and evaluated various plant parameters at different stages. To evaluate various parameters sampling was performed at 30 and 45 DAS; yield traits were calculated at 60 DAS. The results indicate that SA application increased cell division, trichome number, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, gas exchange traits, and elemental status which further boosted plants growth and yield traits. SA application stimulated activity of several enzymes that participate in carboxylation/decarboxylation homeostasis (carbonic anhydrase), nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase), Calvin cycle (Rubisco), TCA cycle (succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase) and secondary metabolism (phenylalanine lyase). A gradual increase in the production of secondary metabolites (total phenol, total flavonoid, anthocyanin) and carbon metabolism (total reducing sugars, starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose) was observed. Notably, SA treatment also played a vital role in maintaining a balanced equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the scavenging system (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase). Based on our results, the optimal concentration of SA was determined to be 10-5 M, as it yielded the most favourable outcomes among the different concentrations tested. Moreover, when comparing the two varieties of okra, Sakata-713 exhibited a more promising response to SA treatment compared to Neelam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamshi Arif
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Anayat Rasool Mir
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Álvarez S, Acosta-Motos JR, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. Morphological performance and seasonal pattern of water relations and gas exchange in Pistacia lentiscus plants subjected to salinity and water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237332. [PMID: 37731979 PMCID: PMC10508188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil water deficit and salinity represent a major factor impacting plant survival and agricultural production. The frequency and severity of both abiotic stresses are expected to increase in a context of climate change, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This work studied the growth pattern, biomass and mineral distribution and the seasonal pattern of water status, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in plant of Pistacia lentiscus grown under different levels of water deficit and salinity. P. lentiscus plants growing under greenhouse conditions were subjected to four irrigation treatments during 11 months: control (C, 1 dS m-1), moderate water deficit (MW, 1dS m-1, 60% of the control), severe water deficit (SW, 1 dS m-1, 40% of the control) and saline (S, 4dS m-1). The results show that Pistacia lentiscus plants were more affected by deficit irrigation than salinity. Deficit irrigation and salinity inhibited plant height, with reductions of 20%, 22% and 35% for S, MW and SW, respectively. Total leaf area was not modified by effect of the treatments, with the result that plant compactness increased in MW. The salt stressed plants only showed lower relative growth rate at the end of the experiment. Plants responded to saline or drought stress by increasing their osmotic adjustment, which was more pronounced under salinity. Saline plants had the highest values in Na+ and Cl- ions and the lowest values for K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios in leaves and stems, which is correlated with a decrease in growth, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and stem water potential, and can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess plant tolerance to salinity stress. As a measure of plant hydration, relative water content was more sensitive to deficit irrigation than salinity, being a good indicator of water stress. P. lentiscus plants subjected to both deficit irrigation treatments exhibited an increase in their intrinsic water use efficiency, which is an important adaptation for plants growing in environments with water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvarez
- Unidad de Cultivos Leñosos y Hortícolas, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Acosta-Motos
- Grupo de Biotecnología Vegetal para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (BioVegA), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Millar Z, Kecheliev D, Wolvin S, LePage V, Lumsden JS. Residual tissue magnesium concentration in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita and Cassiopea andromeda) following magnesium chloride euthanasia. Zoo Biol 2023; 42:661-667. [PMID: 37101420 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium chloride in high concentration is used for euthanasia of jellyfish to limit overpopulation and for predatory species consumption, but its use could lead to magnesium bioaccumulation and subsequent negative effects in consumers. Two species of scyphozoan jellyfish (Cassiopea andromeda and Aurelia aurita) were subjected to freezing (control), or magnesium chloride baths (144 g/L), with subsequent 30 min baths (one or two) in fresh artificial saltwater and submitted for inductively coupled plasma analysis to determine tissue concentration. Frozen jellyfish consistently yielded the lowest magnesium concentrations, while magnesium chloride euthanized individuals contained the highest concentrations in both species. C. andromeda displayed a significantly higher (p < .05) magnesium absorption capacity than A. aurita in both trials. Single and double baths significantly decreased magnesium concentrations (p < .05) in both species, however, magnesium remained consistently elevated compared to frozen specimens. This study demonstrated species-specific magnesium accumulation in jellyfish posteuthanasia and that rinsing was an effective method to limit excessive magnesium that could be deleterious to animals in public display aquaria. Magnesium concentrations of tissue and receiving water should be tested if magnesium chloride euthanasia is utilized for dietary supplementation in small bodies of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Millar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimo Kecheliev
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Wolvin
- Ripley's Aquarium of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Roeva T, Leonicheva E, Leonteva L, Vetrova O, Makarkina M. The Features of Potassium Dynamics in 'Soil-Plant' System of Sour Cherry Orchard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3131. [PMID: 37687377 PMCID: PMC10489821 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to study interannual and seasonal dynamics of different potassium compounds in orchard soil and the potassium status of sour cherry trees affected by the application of nitrogen and potash fertilizers. Afield experiment was started in 2017 at an orchard located in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian upland. Urea and potassium sulfate were applied to the soil once a year in early spring with rates from N30K40 to N120K160 kg/ha. The content of exchangeable and water-soluble potassium compounds was determined in soil samples five times throughout the growing season from May to September 2018-2020. The content of non-exchangeable potassium was determined twice, in 2017 and 2020. The interannual and seasonal dynamics of plant-available potash in unfertilized soil depended on the weather patterns and the uptake of potassium by trees. In the unfertilized plots, the first signs of potassium nutrition insufficiency appeared, such as low leaf and fruit potassium status and a decrease in the non-exchangeable potassium reserves in the20-40 cm soil layer. The annual fertilization led to the gradual accumulation of exchangeable potassium in the root zone. The accumulation was accelerated with increasing rates. When the exchangeable potassium level in the topsoil reached 200 mg/kg, the intensification of both the seasonal fluctuations in potash content and the potash leaching into the depths of the soil occurred in all treatments. In the conditions of our experiment, one-time treatments with superfluous potassium rates (over 80 kg/ha) did not provide an enlarged stock of plant-available potash in the soil but caused unreasonable losses of it due to leaching. An increase in fertilizer rates was not essential for normal metabolic processes and did not manifest itself as an increase in potassium content in leaves and fruits or as an increase in yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Roeva
- Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), Zhilina 302530, Orel Region, Russia; (E.L.); (L.L.); (O.V.); (M.M.)
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da Silva Oliveira CE, Jalal A, Vitória LS, Giolo VM, Oliveira TJSS, Aguilar JV, de Camargos LS, Brambilla MR, Fernandes GC, Vargas PF, Zoz T, Filho MCMT. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Strains AbV5 and AbV6 Increases Nutrition, Chlorophyll, and Leaf Yield of Hydroponic Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3107. [PMID: 37687354 PMCID: PMC10490540 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has promisingly increased plant yield and nutrient acquisition. The study aimed to estimate the dose of A. brasilense that increases yield, gas exchange, nutrition, and foliar nitrate reduction. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at Ilha Solteira, in a hydroponic system in randomized blocks with four replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of inoculation with A. brasilense strains AbV5 and AbV6 via nutrient solution (0, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mL 100 L-1). Inoculation with A. brasilense at calculated doses between 20 and 44 mL provided the highest fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf yield. In addition, the calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn in shoots and roots, except the accumulation of Ca in roots. It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%), relative water content (13%), net photosynthesis rate (85%), intracellular CO2 concentration (15%), total chlorophyll (46%), stomatal conductance (56%), transpiration (15%), and water use efficiency (59%). Hence, inoculation with A. brasilense at doses between 20 and 44 mL 100 L-1 is considered the best approach for increasing the growth, yield, accumulation of nutrients, and gas exchange of hydroponically grown iceberg lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Arshad Jalal
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Letícia Schenaide Vitória
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Victoria Moraes Giolo
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Thaissa Julyanne Soares Sena Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Jailson Vieira Aguilar
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (J.V.A.); (L.S.d.C.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Liliane Santos de Camargos
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (J.V.A.); (L.S.d.C.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Matheus Ribeiro Brambilla
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (J.V.A.); (L.S.d.C.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Guilherme Carlos Fernandes
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Pablo Forlan Vargas
- Tropical Root and Starches Center (CERAT), Faculty of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FCA, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil;
| | - Tiago Zoz
- Unit of Mundo Novo, Department of Crop Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UEMS, Mundo Novo 79980-000, MS, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University—UNESP-FEIS, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil; (A.J.); (L.S.V.); (V.M.G.); (T.J.S.S.O.); (G.C.F.)
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Ahmad M, Ahmed S, Yasin NA, Wahid A, Sardar R. Exogenous application of glutathione enhanced growth, nutritional orchestration and physiochemical characteristics of Brassica oleracea L. under lead stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1103-1116. [PMID: 37829699 PMCID: PMC10564701 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle to agricultural production and yield quality is heavy metal contamination of the soil and water, which leads to lower productivity and quality of crops. The situation has significantly worsened as a result of the growing population and subsequent rise in food consumption. The growth of nutrient-rich plants is hampered by lead (Pb) toxicity in the soil. Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli) is a prominent vegetable crop in the Brassicaceae family subjected to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses that dramatically lower crop yields. Seed priming is a novel, practicable, and cost-effective method that can improve various abiotic stress tolerances. Many plant metabolic activities depend on the antioxidant enzyme glutathione (GSH), which also chelates heavy metals. Keeping in view the stress mitigation potential of GSH, current research work was designed to inspect the beneficial role of seed priming with GSH on the growth, morphological and gas exchange attributes of broccoli seedlings under Pb stress. For this purpose, broccoli seeds were primed with 25, 50, and 75 µM L-1 GSH. Plant growth and photosynthetic activity were adversely affected by Pb stress. Furthermore, Pb stress enhanced proline levels along with reduced protein and phenol content. The application of GSH improved growth traits, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll content, mineral content, and gas exchange parameters. The involvement of GSH in reducing Pb concentrations was demonstrated by an improved metal tolerance index and lower Pb levels in broccoli plants. The results of the current study suggest that GSH can be used as a strategy to increase broccoli tolerance to Pb by enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yusefi-Tanha E, Fallah S, Pokhrel LR, Rostamnejadi A. Addressing global food insecurity: Soil-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles promote yield attributes and seed nutrient quality in Glycine max L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162762. [PMID: 36914126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumed globally, oilseeds serve as a major source of proteins and oils in human and animal nutrition, supporting global food security. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient critical for oil and protein synthesis in plants. In this study, we synthesized three distinct sized zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO: 38 nm = S [small], 59 nm = M [medium], and > 500 nm = L [large], and assessed the potential effects of varied particle sizes and concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg-soil) on seed yield attributes, nutrient quality and oil and protein yield in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown for a full lifecycle of 120 days, and compared with soluble Zn2+ ions (ZnCl2) and water-only controls. We observed particle size- and concentration-dependent influence of nZnO on photosynthetic pigments, pod formation, potassium and phosphorus accumulation in seed, and protein and oil yields. Overall, soybean showed significant stimulatory responses to nZnO-S for most of the parameters tested compared to nZnO-M, nZnO-L, and Zn2+ ions treatments up to 200 mg/kg, suggesting the potential for small size nZnO to improve seed quality and production in soybean. At 500 mg/kg, however, for all endpoints (except for carotenoids and seed formation) toxicity was observed with all Zn compounds. Further, TEM analysis of seed ultrastructure indicated potential alterations in seed oil bodies and protein storage vacuoles at a toxic concentration (500 mg/kg) of nZnO-S compared to control. These findings suggest 200 mg/kg as an optimal dose for the smallest size nZnO-S (38 nm) to significantly improve seed yield, nutrient quality, and oil and protein yield, paving a path for addressing global food insecurity using small sized nZnO as a novel nano-fertilizer to promote crop yield and nutrient quality, in soil-grown soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yusefi-Tanha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sina Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Lok Raj Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Ali Rostamnejadi
- Faculty of Electromagnetics, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran
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Jin X, Ackah M, Wang L, Amoako FK, Shi Y, Essoh LG, Li J, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhao W. Magnesium Nutrient Application Induces Metabolomics and Physiological Responses in Mulberry ( Morus alba) Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119650. [PMID: 37298601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is a significant plant with numerous economic benefits; however, its growth and development are affected by nutrient levels. A high level of magnesium (Mg) or magnesium nutrient starvation are two of the significant Mg factors affecting plant growth and development. Nevertheless, M. alba's metabolic response to different Mg concentrations is unclear. In this study, different Mg concentrations, optimal (3 mmol/L), high (6 mmol/L and 9 mmol/L), or low (1 and 2 mmol/L) and deficient (0 mmol/L), were applied to M. alba for three weeks to evaluate their effects via physiological and metabolomics (untargeted; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) studies. Several measured physiological traits revealed that Mg deficiency and excess Mg altered net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight, leading to remarkable reductions in the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass of mulberry plants. Our study reveals that an adequate supply of the nutrient Mg promoted the mulberry's physiological response parameters (net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf and root Mg content and biomass). The metabolomics data show that different Mg concentrations affect several differential metabolite expressions (DEMs), particularly fatty acyls, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acid, organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, coumarins, steroids and steroid derivatives, cinnamic acids and derivatives. An excessive supply of Mg produced more DEMs, but negatively affected biomass production compared to low and optimum supplies of Mg. The significant DEMs correlated positively with mulberry's net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight. The mulberry plant's response to the application of Mg used metabolites, mainly amino acids, organic acids, fatty acyls, flavonoids and prenol lipids, in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. These classes of compounds were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of other amino acids, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamin pathways, indicating that mulberry plants respond to Mg concentrations by producing a divergent metabolism. The supply of Mg nutrition was an important factor influencing the induction of DEMs, and these metabolites were critical in several metabolic pathways related to magnesium nutrition. This study provides a fundamental understanding of DEMs in M. alba's response to Mg nutrition and the metabolic mechanisms involved, which may be critical to the mulberry genetic breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Lionnelle Gyllye Essoh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Silva MA, de Sousa GF, Van Opbergen GAZ, Van Opbergen GGAZ, Corguinha APB, Bueno JMM, Brunetto G, Leite JM, dos Santos AA, Lopes G, Guilherme LRG. Foliar Application of Selenium Associated with a Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer in Soybean: Yield, Grain Quality, and Critical Se Threshold. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2028. [PMID: 37653945 PMCID: PMC10221896 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium uptake and its content in soybean grains are affected by Se application methods. This study evaluated the impact of Se foliar application combined with a multi-nutrient fertilizer (MNF) on soybean, establishing a Se threshold to better understand the relationship between Se content in grains and yield of two genotypes (58I60 Lança and M5917). Two trials were conducted in a 4 × 2 factorial design: four Se rates (0, 10, 40, 80 g Se ha-1) and two methods of foliar Se application (Se combined or not with MNF). Foliar fertilizers were applied twice, at phenological stages of beginning of pod development and grain filling. Grain yield increased with the application of MNF, yet Se rates increased Se contents linearly up to 80 g Se ha-1, regardless of the use of MNF. Lança and M5917 genotypes had grain Se critical thresholds of 1.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1, respectively. The application of Se favored higher contents of K, P, and S in grains of genotype Lança and higher contents of Mn and Fe in grains of genotype M5917. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing different Se fertilization strategies as well as genotypic variations when assessing the effects of Se on soybean yield and grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maila Adriely Silva
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (G.F.d.S.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.); (A.P.B.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gustavo Ferreira de Sousa
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (G.F.d.S.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.); (A.P.B.C.); (G.L.)
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Branco Corguinha
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (G.F.d.S.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.); (A.P.B.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Jean Michel Moura Bueno
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (J.M.M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (J.M.M.B.); (G.B.)
| | | | | | - Guilherme Lopes
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (G.F.d.S.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.); (A.P.B.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Luiz Roberto Guimaraes Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (G.F.d.S.); (G.A.Z.V.O.); (G.G.A.Z.V.O.); (A.P.B.C.); (G.L.)
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Fang S, Yang H, Duan L, Shi J, Guo L. Potassium fertilizer improves drought stress alleviation potential in sesame by enhancing photosynthesis and hormonal regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107744. [PMID: 37201413 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil-potassium (K) low availability and drought stress are limiting factors to crop productivity in arid and semiarid regions. A pot experiment with four K soil supplies (0, 60, 120 and 180 K2O kg ha-1) and exposed to drought stress with 50 ± 5% field capacity was performed to investigate the function of K in protecting sesame plants from the adverse effects of drought based on the related physio-biochemical traits. The water stress was applied during flowering by withholding water for 6 days, and then rewatering to a well-watered level (75 ± 5% field capacity). Results showed that drought stress substantially reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum PSII yield (Fv/Fm), and actual quantum yield of PSII (ФPSII), leading to greater non-photochemical quenching (qN) and stomatal limitation (Ls), thereby resulting in a decreased yield in contrast with well-watered sesame plants. Incidentally, K was more effective in promoting yield production under drought stress relative to well-watered conditions, and the optimal K application was 120 kg ha-1, which primarily attributed to the enhanced photosynthetic and plant water retaining ability. Specifically, plants receiving K supply showed greater leaf gas exchange traits, higher Fv/Fm and ФPSII values, and superior water use efficiency as compared to K-deficiency plants in both water regimes. Moreover, K can ameliorate the adverse effects of drought by improving salicylic acid (SA) while conversely decreasing abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations that are involved in controlling stomatal closure. It is noted that significant correlations between the seed yield, gas exchange parameters, and aforementioned endogenous hormones were observed. In conclusion, the K application can improve the sesame plant's potential to maintain functionality regarding photosynthetic response and phytohormone regulation under drought stress, and ultimately, enhancing the sesame's productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Licheng Duan
- Agricultural Meteorology Center of Jiangxi Province/Meteorological Bureau of Nanchang County, Nanchang, 330096, China.
| | - Jin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Akhtyamova Z, Martynenko E, Arkhipova T, Seldimirova O, Galin I, Belimov A, Vysotskaya L, Kudoyarova G. Influence of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on the Formation of Apoplastic Barriers and Uptake of Water and Potassium by Wheat Plants. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1227. [PMID: 37317202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of apoplastic barriers is important for controlling the uptake of water and ions by plants, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the formation of apoplastic barriers, and the relationship between these effects and the ability of bacteria to influence the content of hormones in plants, have not been sufficiently studied. The content of cytokinins, auxins and potassium, characteristics of water relations, deposition of lignin and suberin and the formation of Casparian bands in the root endodermis of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plants were evaluated after the introduction of the cytokinin-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis IB-22 or the auxin-producing bacterium Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14 into their rhizosphere. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions in pots with agrochernozem at an optimal level of illumination and watering. Both strains increased shoot biomass, leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves. Bacteria enhanced the formation of apoplastic barriers, which were most pronounced when plants were treated with P. mandelii IB-Ki14. At the same time, P. mandelii IB-Ki14 caused no decrease in the hydraulic conductivity, while inoculation with B. subtilis IB-22, increased hydraulic conductivity. Cell wall lignification reduced the potassium content in the roots, but did not affect its content in the shoots of plants inoculated with P. mandelii IB-Ki14. Inoculation with B. subtilis IB-22 did not change the potassium content in the roots, but increased it in the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Akhtyamova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena Martynenko
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana Arkhipova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oksana Seldimirova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilshat Galin
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Andrey Belimov
- Group of Culture of Beneficial Microorganisms, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelskogo sh. 3, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lidiya Vysotskaya
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Gautam A, Sharma P, Ashokhan S, Yaacob JS, Kumar V, Guleria P. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles improved vegetative growth and enhanced productivity, biochemical potency and storage stability of harvested mustard seeds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116023. [PMID: 37121351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted to investigate the influence of MgO-NPs priming on growth and development of mustard. Priming of mustard seeds before sowing with MgO-NPs at concentration 10, 50, 100, and 150 μg/ml enhanced the vegetative parameters of plants, with considerable increase in leaf area. MgO-NPs exposure increased the photosynthetic pigment accumulation in mustard that led to increase in biomass, carbohydrate content, and the yield in terms of total grain yield. Increased chlorophyll has simultaneously increased the oxidative stress in plants, and hence stimulated their antioxidant potential. A consistent increase was observed in the content of mustard polyphenols and activity of SOD, CAT, and APX on MgO-NPs exposure. MgO-NPs induced oxidative stress further reduced the protein content and bioavailability in mustard. We further, evaluated the influence of MgO-NPs on the quality of mustard harvested seeds. The seeds harvested from nanoprimed mustard possessed increased antioxidant potential and reduced oxidative stress. The carbohydrate and protein accumulation was significantly enhanced in response to nanopriming. Reduced chlorophyll content in seeds obtained from nanoprimed mustard indicated their potential for disease resistance and stability on long term storage. Therefore, the seeds harvested from MgO-NPs primed mustard were biochemically rich and more stable. Therefore, MgO-NPs priming can be potentially used as a novel strategy for growth promotion in plants where leaves are economically important and a strategy to enhance the seed quality under long term storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Gautam
- Plant Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.
| | - Priya Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.
| | - Sharmilla Ashokhan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Manipal International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144111, India.
| | - Praveen Guleria
- Plant Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.
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Ahmed S, Amjad M, Sardar R, Siddiqui MH, Irfan M. Seed Priming with Triacontanol Alleviates Lead Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Common Bean) through Improving Nutritional Orchestration and Morpho-Physiological Characteristics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1672. [PMID: 37111895 PMCID: PMC10145083 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, crop productivity is highly influenced by heavy metal toxicity. Lead (Pb) the is second-most toxic heavy metal that has high persistence in soil. Lead is translocated in plants from rhizosphere soil and enters the food chain, where it poses a significant hazard to the health of humans. In the present investigation, seed priming with triacontanol (Tria) was used to mitigate Pb phytotoxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean). Seeds were primed with different concentrations of Tria (control, 10 µmol L-1, 20 µmol L-1, 30 µmol L-1) solutions. The pot experiment was carried out by sowing Tria-primed seeds in contaminated soil with 400 mg kg-1 Pb. Lead alone induced a decrease in the rate of germination and a significant reduction in biomass and growth of P. vulgaris as compared to the control. All these negative effects were reversed by Tria-primed seeds. Proliferation of photosynthetic pigments was observed 1.8-fold by Tria under Pb stress. Primed seeds with 20 µmol L-1 Tria enhanced stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (Ei), and uptake of mineral contents (Mg+2, Zn+2, Na+, and K+) and reduced Pb accumulation in seedlings. Tria caused a 1.3-fold increase in osmotic regulator proline synthesis to alleviate Pb stress. Phenolics, soluble protein, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were enhanced by Tria application, suggesting that exogenous Tria could be employed to improve plant tolerance to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Amjad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Meng X, Bai S, Wang S, Pan Y, Chen K, Xie K, Wang M, Guo S. The sensitivity of photosynthesis to magnesium deficiency differs between rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1164866. [PMID: 37123833 PMCID: PMC10141327 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential macronutrient for plant photosynthesis, and in response to Mg deficiency, dicots appear more sensitive than monocots. Under Mg deficiency, we investigated the causes of differing photosynthetic sensitivities in a dicot and a monocot species. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown in hydroponic culture to explore their physiological responses to Mg deficiency stress. Both Mg-deficient rice and cucumber plants exhibited lower biomass, leaf area, Mg concentration, and chlorophyll content (Chl) compared with Mg-sufficient plants. However, a more marked decline in Chl and carotenoid content (Car) occurred in cucumber. A lower CO2 concentration in chloroplasts (C c) was accompanied by a decrease in the maximum rate of electron transport (J max) and the maximum rate of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation (V cmax), restricting CO2 utilization in Mg-deficient plants. Rice and cucumber photorespiration rate (P r) increased under Mg deficiency. Additionally, for cucumber, Car and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were reduced under lower Mg supply. Meanwhile, cucumber Mg deficiency significantly increased the fraction of absorbed light energy dissipated by an additional quenching mechanism (Φf,D). Under Mg deficiency, suppressed photosynthesis was attributed to comprehensive restrictions of mesophyll conductance (g m), J max, and V cmax. Cucumber was more sensitive to Mg deficiency than rice due to lower NPQ, higher rates of electron transport to alternative pathways, and subsequently, photooxidation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Bai
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailiu Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ltaief S, Krouma A. Functional Dissection of the Physiological Traits Promoting Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) Tolerance to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1420. [PMID: 37050046 PMCID: PMC10096688 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In Tunisia's arid and semi-arid lands, drought stress remains the most critical factor limiting agricultural production due to low and irregular precipitation. The situation is even more difficult because of the scarcity of underground water for irrigation and the climate change that has intensified and expanded the aridity. One of the most efficient and sustainable approaches to mitigating drought stress is exploring genotypic variability to screen tolerant genotypes and identify useful tolerance traits. To this end, six Tunisian wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) were cultivated in the field, under a greenhouse and natural light, to be studied for their differential tolerance to drought stress. Many morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were analyzed, and interrelationships were established. Depending on the genotypes, drought stress significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis; stimulated osmolyte accumulation and disturbed water relations. The most tolerant genotypes (salim and karim) accumulated more potassium (K) and proline in their shoots, allowing them to maintain better tissue hydration and physiological functioning. The osmotic adjustment (OA), in which potassium and proline play a key role, determines wheat tolerance to drought stress. The calculated drought index (DI), drought susceptible index (DSI), drought tolerance index (DTI), K use efficiency (KUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) discriminated the studied genotypes and confirmed the relative tolerance of salim and karim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ltaief
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Krouma
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road la Soukra km 4-BP, Sfax 1171-3000, Tunisia
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Sun T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wei Q, Zhou B. Transcriptional and metabolic responses of apple to different potassium environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131708. [PMID: 36968411 PMCID: PMC10036783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important macronutrients for plant development and growth. The influence mechanism of different potassium stresses on the molecular regulation and metabolites of apple remains largely unknown. In this research, physiological, transcriptome, and metabolite analyses were compared under different K conditions in apple seedlings. The results showed that K deficiency and excess conditions influenced apple phenotypic characteristics, soil plant analytical development (SPAD) values, and photosynthesis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content were regulated by different K stresses. Transcriptome analysis indicated that there were 2,409 and 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in apple leaves and roots under K deficiency conditions in addition to 1,393 and 1,205 DEGs in apple leaves and roots under potassium excess conditions, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the DEGs were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction metabolite biosynthetic processes in response to different K conditions. There were 527 and 166 differential metabolites (DMAs) in leaves and roots under low-K stress as well as 228 and 150 DMAs in apple leaves and roots under high-K stress, respectively. Apple plants regulate carbon metabolism and the flavonoid pathway to respond to low-K and high-K stresses. This study provides a basis for understanding the metabolic processes underlying different K responses and provides a foundation to improve the utilization efficiency of K in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Minji Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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48
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Deng N, Zhu H, Xiong J, Gong S, Xie K, Shang Q, Yang X. Magnesium deficiency stress in rice can be alleviated by partial nitrate nutrition supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:463-471. [PMID: 36758293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The problem of nitrogen (N) excess and magnesium (Mg) deficiency in farmland is becoming more common, severe, and widespread in southern China. Magnesium is known to be an essential nutrient for higher plants; however, the physiological responses of field crops to Mg deficiency, particularly to its interaction with N forms, remain largely unknown. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using three Mg levels (0.01, 1.00, and 5.00 mM) and three nitrate/ammonium ratios (NO3-/NH4+ of 0/100, 25/75, and 50/50) under greenhouse conditions. The results show that Mg deficiency (0.01 mM) could result in yellow leaves, dwarf plants, and fewer tillers during rice growth. Furthermore, Mg deficiency induced a major reduction in root morphology and activity, photosynthetic properties, and nutrient accumulation, while it resulted in a clear increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities in rice. However, under Mg-deficiency stress, the supply of partial NO3- led to a significant drop in these antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, partial NO3- supply significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentrations under Mg-deficiency conditions. In particular, the supply of partial NO3- dramatically promoted the growth of the root system, boosted the occurrence of lateral roots, and enhanced root vitality under Mg-deficiency stress. Additionally, the supply of partial NO3- led to significant increases in dry weight and N and Mg contents under Mg deficiency. The results of this study suggest that the symptoms of Mg-deficiency stress in rice can be alleviated by partial NO3- supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Deng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jiangbo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Shidao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Kailiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Qingyin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xiuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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49
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Kinoshita SN, Suzuki T, Kiba T, Sakakibara H, Kinoshita T. Photosynthetic-Product-Dependent Activation of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase and Nitrate Uptake in Arabidopsis Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:191-203. [PMID: 36705265 PMCID: PMC9977229 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) is a pivotal enzyme for plant growth and development that acts as a primary transporter and is activated by phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, threonine, at the C-terminus. Small Auxin-Up RNA family proteins maintain the phosphorylation level via inhibiting dephosphorylation of the residue by protein phosphatase 2C-D clade. Photosynthetically active radiation activates PM H+-ATPase via phosphorylation in mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, and phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase depends on photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related sugar supplementation, such as sucrose, fructose and glucose. However, the molecular mechanism and physiological role of photosynthesis-dependent PM H+-ATPase activation are still unknown. Analysis using sugar analogs, such as palatinose, turanose and 2-deoxy glucose, revealed that sucrose metabolites and products of glycolysis such as pyruvate induce phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase. Transcriptome analysis showed that the novel isoform of the Small Auxin-Up RNA genes, SAUR30, is upregulated in a light- and sucrose-dependent manner. Time-course analyses of sucrose supplementation showed that the phosphorylation level of PM H+-ATPase increased within 10 min, but the expression level of SAUR30 increased later than 10 min. The results suggest that two temporal regulations may participate in the regulation of PM H+-ATPase. Interestingly, a 15NO3- uptake assay in leaves showed that light increases 15NO3- uptake and that increment of 15NO3- uptake depends on PM H+-ATPase activity. The results opened the possibility of the physiological role of photosynthesis-dependent PM H+-ATPase activation in the uptake of NO3-. We speculate that PM H+-ATPase may connect photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru N Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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50
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Jiao C, Zhang J, Wang X, He N. Plant magnesium on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Spatial patterns and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160743. [PMID: 36502968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in regulating plant photosynthesis and stress resistance. However, our understanding of plant Mg at the community level remains limited because of lack of systematic investigations. This study, for the first time, comprehensively evaluated community-level Mg content and density, and determined their spatial patterns and driving factors, on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (TP), using data from 680 ecosystems (169 forests, 22 shrublands, 466 grasslands, and 23 deserts). Mg density was 1.01, 2.36, 1.87, and 2.26 g m-2 in leaves, branches, trunks, and roots, respectively. Notably, we generated maps of plant Mg content and density with a 1 km × 1 km resolution based on random forest models. Mg content decreased from northwest to southeast, but Mg density was higher in the east of the plateau, which reflected plant adaptive strategies to the unique radiation, oxygen, and temperature conditions (major driving factors) on the TP. Our findings provide insights into biogeochemical cycling and could facilitate the optimization of remote sensing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolian Jiao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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