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Wang Q, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang B, Du X, Dai Q, Zhang F, Fang Z. The m6A methyltransferase METTL5 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap network release to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7165. [PMID: 38613157 PMCID: PMC11015054 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, it has a poor prognosis due to its highly invasive and metastatic nature. Consequently, identifying effective prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets has been extensively investigated. METTL5, an 18S rRNA methyltransferase, is abnormally high in HCC. But its biological function and prognostic significance in HCC remain largely unelucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of METTL5 in HCC progression, and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms in HCC via transcriptome sequencing, providing new insights for identifying new HCC prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. METHODS The METTL5 expression in HCC and paracancerous tissues was analyzed using HCC immunohistochemical microarrays and bioinformatic retrieval methods to correlate METTL5 with clinicopathological features and survival prognosis. We constructed a METTL5 knockdown hepatocellular carcinoma cell line model and an animal model to determine the effect of METTL5 on hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Subsequently, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of METTL5 in HCC based on the sequencing results, and relevant experiments were performed to verify it. RESULTS We found that METTL5 expression was elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and correlated with poor patient prognosis, and in the analysis of clinicopathological features showed a correlation with TNM staging. In hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with knockdown of METTL5, the malignant biological behavior was significantly reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Based on the sequencing results as well as the results of GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we found that METTL5 could promote the generation and release of neutrophil extracellular capture network (NETs) and might further accelerate the progression of HCC. CONCLUSION The m6A methyltransferase METTL5 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlates with poor prognosis. METTL5 accelerates malignant progression of HCC by promoting generation and release of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) network, providing new insights for clinical biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets in HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Binfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Qiqiang Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Fabiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
| | - Zheping Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiZhejiangChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiZhejiangChina
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Aleksandrowicz K, Hempel D, Polityńska B, Wojtukiewicz AM, Honn KV, Tang DG, Wojtukiewicz MZ. The Complex Role of Thrombin in Cancer and Metastasis: Focus on Interactions with the Immune System. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:462-473. [PMID: 37984359 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin, a pleiotropic enzyme involved in coagulation, plays a crucial role in both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, initiates platelet activation, and promotes clot formation. Thrombin also activates anticoagulant pathways, indirectly inhibiting factors involved in coagulation. Tissue factor triggers thrombin generation, and the overexpression of thrombin in various cancers suggests that it is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased thrombin generation has been observed in cancer patients, especially those with metastases. Thrombin exerts its effects through protease-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR-1 and PAR-2, which are involved in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. Thrombin-mediated signaling promotes angiogenesis by activating endothelial cells and platelets, thereby releasing proangiogenic factors. These functions of thrombin are well recognized and have been widely described. However, in recent years, intriguing new findings concerning the association between thrombin activity and cancer development have come to light, which justifies a review of this research. In particular, there is evidence that thrombin-mediated events interact with the immune system, and may regulate its response to tumor growth. It is also worth reevaluating the impact of thrombin on thrombocytes in conjunction with its multifaceted influence on tumor progression. Understanding the role of thrombin/PAR-mediated signaling in cancer and immunological responses is crucial, particularly in the context of developing immunotherapies. In this systematic review, we focus on the impact of the thrombin-related immune system response on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Polityńska
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna M Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
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Li X, Hu L, Naeem A, Xiao S, Yang M, Shang H, Zhang J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Tumors and Potential Use of Traditional Herbal Medicine Formulations for Its Regulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2851-2877. [PMID: 38529365 PMCID: PMC10961241 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibers composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and decorated proteins produced by neutrophils. Recently, NETs have been associated with the development of many diseases, including tumors. Herein, we reviewed the correlation between NETs and tumors. In addition, we detailed active compounds from traditional herbal medicine formulations that inhibit NETs, related nanodrug delivery systems, and antibodies that serve as "guiding moieties" to ensure targeted delivery to NETs. Furthermore, we discussed the strategies used by pathogenic microorganisms to evade NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanghua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming Shang
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Chen S, Yu S, Wang J, Zhang X, Lv H, Aboubacar H, Gao N, Ran X, Sun Y, Cao G. LPS-TLR4 pathway exaggerates alcoholic hepatitis via provoking NETs formation. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2024; 47:158-169. [PMID: 37150251 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic infiltration of neutrophils is a character of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important strategy for neutrophils to fix and kill invading microorganisms. The gut-liver axis has been thought to play a critical role in many liver diseases also including AH. However, whether NETs appear in AH and play role in AH is still unsure. METHODS Serum samples from AH patients were collected and LPS and MPO-DNA were detected. WT, NE KO, and TLR4 KO mice were used to build the AH model, and the intestinal bacteria were eliminated at the same time and LPS was given. Then the formation of NETs and AH-related markers were detected. RESULTS The serum MPO-DNA and LPS concentration was increased in AH patients and a correlation was revealed between these two indexes. More intrahepatic NETs formed in AH mice. NETs formation decreased with antibiotic intervention and restored with antibiotic intervention plus LPS supplement. While NETs formation failed to change with gut microbiome or combine LPS supplement in TLR4 KO mice. As we tested AH-related characters, liver injury, intrahepatic fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis alleviated with depletion of NE. These related marks were also attenuated with gut sterilization by antibiotics and recovered with a combined treatment with antibiotics plus LPS. But the AH-related markers did show a difference in TLR4 KO mice when they received the same treatment. CONCLUSION Intestinal-derived LPS promotes NETs formation in AH through the TLR4 pathway and further accelerates the AH process by NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiazhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Harouna Aboubacar
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Ran
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Tong Q, Zhou J. Construction of a 12-gene prognostic model for colorectal cancer based on heat shock protein-related genes. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2290913. [PMID: 38191150 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2290913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to influence tumor prognosis, but their prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study explored the prognostic significance of HSP-related genes in CRC. Transcriptional data and clinical information of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a literature search was conducted to identify HSP-related genes. Using Least Absolute Selection and Shrinkage Operator (LASSO) regression and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses, 12 HSP-related genes demonstrating significant associations with CRC survival were successfully identified and employed to formulate a predictive risk score model. The efficacy and precision of this model were validated utilizing TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, demonstrating its reliability in CRC prognosis prediction. gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed significant disparities between high- and low-risk groups in chromatin remodeling biological functions and neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathways. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) further revealed differences in immune cell types and immune functional status between the two risk groups. Differential analysis showed higher expression of immune checkpoints within the low-risk group, while the high-risk group exhibited notably higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. Additionally, we predicted the sensitivity of different prognosis risk patients to various drugs, providing potential drug choices for tailored treatment. Combined, our study successfully crafted a novel CRC prognostic model that can effectively predict patient survival, immune landscape, and treatment response, providing important support and guidance for CRC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Junchao Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua, China
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Schmidt C, Weißmüller S, Heinz CC. Multifaceted Tissue-Protective Functions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulin Preparations in Severe Infections-Interactions with Neutrophils, Complement, and Coagulation Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3022. [PMID: 38002022 PMCID: PMC10669904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe infections induce immune defense mechanisms and initial tissue damage, which produce an inflammatory neutrophil response. Upon dysregulation of these responses, inflammation, further tissue damage, and systemic spread of the pathogen may occur. Subsequent vascular inflammation and activation of coagulation processes may cause microvascular obstruction at sites distal to the primary site of infection. Low immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG levels have been detected in patients with severe infections like sCAP and sepsis, associated with increased severity and mortality. Based on Ig's modes of action, supplementation with polyvalent intravenous Ig preparations (standard IVIg or IgM/IgA-enriched Ig preparations) has long been discussed as a treatment option for severe infections. A prerequisite seems to be the timely administration of Ig preparations before excessive tissue damage has occurred and coagulopathy has developed. This review focuses on nonclinical and clinical studies that evaluated tissue-protective activities resulting from interactions of Igs with neutrophils, complement, and the coagulation system. The data indicate that coagulopathy, organ failure, and even death of patients can possibly be prevented by the timely combined interactions of (natural) IgM, IgA, and IgG with neutrophils and complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schmidt
- Department of Corporate Clinical Research and Development, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, Germany
| | | | - Corina C Heinz
- Department of Corporate Clinical Research and Development, Biotest AG, 63303 Dreieich, Germany
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Li H, Tan H, Liu Z, Pan S, Tan S, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Su G, Zhou C, Cao Q, Yang P. Succinic acid exacerbates experimental autoimmune uveitis by stimulating neutrophil extracellular traps formation via SUCNR1 receptor. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1744-1749. [PMID: 35346946 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of succinic acid on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Succinic acid was administrated intraperitoneally to evaluate its effects on immune response and EAU in mice. Intraocular inflammation was evaluated by histopathological scoring. Frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of IFN-γ/IL-17A, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent test. Infiltration of neutrophils and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) within the eye were assessed by immumofluorescence. NETs formation in extracellular matrix was visualised by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Succinate receptor (SUCNR1) antagonist was used to investigate its effect on the generation of NETs. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of succinic acid exacerbated EAU severity as evidenced by severe histological changes in association with elevated frequencies of splenic Th1/Th17 cells, and upregulated levels of IFN-γ/IL-17A and NETs in plasma. In vitro experiments showed that succinic acid could promote the generation of NETs by neutrophils as shown by increased expression of NE and MPO.NETs could increase the frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells and their expression of IFN-γ/IL-17A. In the experiment of receptor antagonism, the upregulatory effect of succinic acid on NETs could be significantly blocked by SUCNR1 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Succinic acid could worsen EAU induced by IRBP in mice. This effect was possibly mediated by its upregulation on NETs generation and frequencies of Th1/Th17 cells in affiliation with increased production of IFN-γ/IL-17A through succinic acid-SUCNR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangluxi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Z, Wang B, Tan B. Advances in the Mechanism of Action of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Review. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2783-2789. [PMID: 37408845 PMCID: PMC10319275 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s419542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils are important immune cells in the body, extremely abundant, phagocytic and bactericidal, and usually involved in the defense against infectious diseases as immune become. However, a new reticulum structure has been discovered: neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consists of various components such as DNA and proteins, etc. Current studies have found that NETs are closely associated with various diseases such as immune diseases, inflammation and tumors, and the study of the development and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors has become a recent research hotspot. The clinical significance of NETs has been gradually highlighted, especially in the area of immunosuppression. Methods We reviewed a large amount of relevant literature, summarized the latest detection methods of NETs, explored the mechanism of NETs in gastrointestinal tumors and summarized the latest hotspot directions. Results NETs are involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors, and are closely related to the proliferation and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors. Higher levels of NETs are associated with poor prognosis of gastrointestinal tumors, promote local growth of tumors through various pathways, participate in tumor-related systemic injury, and promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the mitochondrial function of tumor cells and awakening dormant tumor cells. Discussion NETs are highly expressed in tumors, and tumors and their microenvironment can promote the production of NETs, providing new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. In this paper, we describe the basic information about NETs, explore the research mechanisms related to NETs in gastrointestinal tumors, and prospectively explore the clinical potential of hotspots and inhibitors related to NETs for gastrointestinal tumors, in order to provide new ideas and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibo Zhang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Li Y, Huang Z, Chen S, E Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li T. Association between Citrullinated Histone H3 and White Matter Lesions Burden in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2023; 13:991. [PMID: 37508923 PMCID: PMC10377232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil extracellular traps play a role in the pathophysiology of stroke and are associated with severity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether the citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), a biomarker for neutrophil extracellular traps formation, is associated with the white matter lesion (WML) burden in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS Between September 2021 and April 2022, 322 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. Serum CitH3 levels were measured after admission using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. WMLs severity was graded according to the Fazekas scale and conceptually defined as mild (total Fazekas score 0-2) and severe (total Fazekas score 3-6). We used multivariable regression models to determine the relationship between CitH3 concentrations and the severity of WMLs burden. RESULTS One-hundred and forty-eight (46.0%) patients were diagnosed with severe WMLs burden after admission. Increased CitH3 levels (first quartile vs. fourth quartile of H3Cit, odds ratio, 3.311, 95% confidence interval, 1.336-8.027; p = 0.011) were independently associated with a greater WML burden in the fully adjusted multivariable model. Similar results were found when the H3Cit was analyzed as a continuous variable. Furthermore, the multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed a linear association between H3Cit levels and severe WMLs (P = 0.001 for linearity). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, increased CitH3 levels were positively associated with extensive WMLs in ischemic stroke patients, indicating a role of neutrophil extracellular traps formation in the pathogenesis of WMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yan E
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qingguang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
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Azzouz D, Palaniyar N. Mitochondrial ROS and base excision repair steps leading to DNA nick formation drive ultraviolet induced-NETosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198716. [PMID: 37350954 PMCID: PMC10282603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), and generated either by NADPH oxidases (e.g., during infections) or mitochondria (e.g., sterile injury) in neutrophils. We recently showed that ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a sterile injury-inducing agent, dose-dependently induced mitochondrial ROS generation, and increasing levels of ROS shifted the neutrophil death from apoptosis to NETosis. Nevertheless, how ROS executes UV-induced NETosis is unknown. In this study, we first confirmed that UV doses used in our experiments generated mitochondrial ROS, and the inhibition of mitochondrial ROS suppressed NETosis (Mitosox, SYTOX, immunocytochemistry, imaging). Next, we showed that UV irradiation extensively oxidized DNA, by confocal imaging of 8-oxyguanine (8-oxoG) in NETs. Immunofluorescence microscopy further showed that a DNA repair protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was widely distributed throughout the DNA, indicating that the DNA repair machinery was active throughout the genome during UV-induced NETosis. Inhibition of specific steps of base excision repair (BER) pathway showed that steps leading up to DNA nick formation, but not the later steps, suppressed UV-induced NETosis. In summary, this study shows that (i) high levels of mitochondrial ROS produced following UV irradiation induces extensive oxidative DNA damage, and (ii) early steps of the BER pathway leading to DNA nicking results in chromatin decondensation and NETosis. Collectively, these findings reveal how ROS induces NOX-independent NETosis, and also a novel biological mechanism for UV irradiation- and -mitochondrial ROS-mediated NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhia Azzouz
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cao X, Li Y, Luo Y, Chu T, Yang H, Wen J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 regulates neutrophil extracellular traps formation and delays resolution of neutrophil-driven sterile inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:7. [PMID: 36810113 PMCID: PMC9945693 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a process releasing into the extracellular space networks of chromatin fibers decorated with granular proteins. It is implicated in infection-related as well as sterile inflammation. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals serve as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in various conditions of disease. Formation of NETs or aggregated NETs (aggNETs) orchestrates initiation and resolution of MSU crystals-triggered inflammation, respectively. Elevated intracellular calcium levels and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for the formation of MSU crystal-induced NETs. However, the exact signaling pathways involved are still elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that the ROS-sensing, non-selective calcium-permeable channel transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (TRPM2) is required for a full-blown MSU crystal-induced NET formation. Primary neutrophils from TRPM2-/- mice showed reduced calcium influx and ROS production and, consequently a reduced formation of MSU crystal-induced NETs and aggNETs. Furthermore, in TRPM2-/- mice the infiltration of inflammatory cells into infected tissues and their production of inflammatory mediators was suppressed. Taken together these results describe an inflammatory role of TRPM2 for neutrophil-driven inflammation and identify TRPM2 as potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yanhong Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yubin Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- grid.414011.10000 0004 1808 090XDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Hang Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ji Wen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Martin Herrmann
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Srisomboon Y, Iijima K, Colwell M, Maniak PJ, Macchietto M, Faulk C, Kita H, O'Grady SM. Allergen-induced DNA release by the airway epithelium amplifies type 2 immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:494-508.e6. [PMID: 36306937 PMCID: PMC10324884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria alternata and house dust mite exposure evokes IL-33 secretion from the airway epithelium, which functions as an alarmin to stimulate type 2 immunity. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is also an alarmin that intensifies inflammation in cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanisms underlying allergen-evoked DNA mobilization and release from the airway epithelium and determined the role of eDNA in type 2 immunity. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells were used to characterize allergen-induced DNA mobilization and extracellular release using comet assays to measure DNA fragmentation, Qubit double-stranded DNA assays to measure DNA release, and DNA sequencing to determine eDNA composition. Mice were used to investigate the role of eDNA in type 2 immunity. RESULTS Alternaria extract rapidly induces mitochondrial and nuclear DNA release from human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas house dust mite extract induces mitochondrial DNA release. Caspase-3 is responsible for nuclear DNA fragmentation and becomes activated after cleavage by furin. Analysis of secreted nuclear DNA showed disproportionally higher amounts of promotor and exon sequences and lower intron and intergenic regions compared to predictions of random DNA fragmentation. In mice, Alternaria-induced type 2 immune responses were blocked by pretreatment with a DNA scavenger. In caspase-3-deficient mice, Alternaria-induced DNA release was suppressed. Furthermore, intranasal administration of mouse genomic DNA with Alternaria amplified secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while DNA alone had no effect. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a novel, allergen-induced mechanism of rapid DNA release that amplifies type 2 immunity in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mathia Colwell
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Marissa Macchietto
- Minnesota Super Computing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology, and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn.
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13
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Koo S, Offner R, Haile SM, Brosig A, Hähnel V, Gruber M, Burkhardt R, Ahrens N. Granulocyte concentrate splitting does not affect phenotype and function. Transfusion 2023; 63:393-401. [PMID: 36519400 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More granulocyte concentrates (GCs) could be produced for more patients from the same donor if apheresis bags were split and stored for longer periods of time. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that splitting and extension of storage of GCs do not impair granulocyte function or viability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Granulocyte apheresis concentrates were produced using modified fluid gelatin as a separation enhancer, split into two portions, and stored for 24 and 48 h. Granulocyte function, represented by cell migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), was measured by live-cell imaging. ROS production, adhesive surface protein expression, and viability were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Splitting had no effect on any of the tested parameters. After 24 h of storage, live-cell imaging showed no significant difference in migration, time to maximum ROS production, time to half-maximum NETosis, viability, or CD11b expression, but ROS production induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) decreased from an initial median fluorescence intensity of 1775-590 artificial units. After 48 h, PMA-induced ROS production, viability, and migration declined, as reflected by decreases in median total distance (119 vs. 63.5 μm) and median Euclidean distance (30.75 vs. 14.3 μm). CONCLUSION Splitting GC products has no effect on granulocyte viability or function, but extended storage >24 h does compromise granulocyte function. The findings confirm that GCs should be transfused within 24 h of collection. Longer storage cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Koo
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Robert Offner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Sophie-Marie Haile
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Andreas Brosig
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Viola Hähnel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Michael Gruber
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
| | - Norbert Ahrens
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany.,Amedes MVZ for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Regensburg, Raubling, Germany
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14
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Zhang Y, Song J, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng J, Zhou H, Zong Z. Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010334. [PMID: 36613779 PMCID: PMC9820455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular fibrous networks consisting of depolymerized chromatin DNA skeletons with a variety of antimicrobial proteins. They are secreted by activated neutrophils and play key roles in host defense and immune responses. Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are globally known for their high mortality and morbidity. Increasing research suggests that NETs contribute to the progression and metastasis of digestive tract tumors, among them gastric, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers. This article explores the formation of NETs and reviews the role that NETs play in the gastrointestinal oncologic microenvironment, tumor proliferation and metastasis, tumor-related thrombosis, and surgical stress. At the same time, we analyze the qualitative and quantitative detection methods of NETs in recent years and found that NETs are specific markers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Then, we explore the possibility of NET inhibitors for the treatment of digestive tract tumor diseases to provide a new, efficient, and safe solution for the future therapy of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tanshinone IIA Improves Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats through Regulating Neutrophil Activation and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5851412. [PMID: 36578443 PMCID: PMC9792249 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5851412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevention and treatment effect of tanshinone IIA (TIIA) on acute gouty arthritis (AGA) and its mechanism. Methods The anti-AGA effect of TIIA was observed in vivo and in vitro. Neutrophils were isolated from the abdominal cavity of mice, and the anti-AGA effect of TIIA was investigated in a rat model of MSU-induced AGA. The pathological changes of the ankle joint tissues were assessed by H&E. Cytokine and chemokine expression were determined by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway protein levels in the ankle joint tissues were evaluated via western blotting. Neutrophil migration was evaluated in air pouch and transwell assays. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis evaluate the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and citrullination of histone H3 (CitH3). Beclin-1 and LC3B expressions were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Key Findings. Treatment with TIIA alleviated synovial hyperplasia and neutrophil infiltration, regulated cytokine and chemokine expressions, and inhibited NLRP3 activation in AGA rats, neutrophil migration, MPO, NE, and CitH3 expression, and LC3B and Beclin-1 protein expression. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TIIA can effectively enhance AGA by focusing on the neutrophils and NLRP3 inflammasome, demonstrating that TIIA may act as a potential helpful agent for AGA.
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16
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Bonilla MC, Quiros ON, Wendt M, Hennig-Pauka I, Mörgelin M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de Buhr N. New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs) Formation from Porcine Neutrophils in Response to Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168953. [PMID: 36012224 PMCID: PMC9409244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.pp, Gram negative) and Streptococcus (S.) suis (Gram positive) can cause severe diseases in pigs. During infection, neutrophils infiltrate to counteract these pathogens with phagocytosis and/or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs consist of a DNA-backbone spiked with antimicrobial components. The NET formation mechanisms in porcine neutrophils as a response to both of the pathogens are not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether A.pp (serotype 2, C3656/0271/11) and S. suis (serotype 2, strain 10) induce NETs by NADPH oxidase- or CD18-dependent mechanisms and to characterize phenotypes of NETs in porcine neutrophils. Therefore, we investigated NET induction in porcine neutrophils in the presence and absence of NET inhibitors and quantified NETs after 3 h. Furthermore, NETosis and phagocytosis were investigated by transmission electron microscopy after 30 min to characterize different phenotypes. A.pp and S. suis induce NETs that are mainly ROS-dependent. A.pp induces NETs that are partially CD18-dependent. Thirty minutes after infection, both of the pathogens induced a vesicular NET formation with only slight differences. Interestingly, some neutrophils showed only NET-marker positive phagolysosomes, but no NET-marker positive vesicles. Other neutrophils showed vesicular NETs and only NET-marker negative phagolysosomes. In conclusion, both of the pathogens induce ROS-dependent NETs. Vesicular NETosis and phagocytosis occur in parallel in porcine neutrophils in response to S. suis serotype 2 and A.pp serotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C. Bonilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oriana N. Quiros
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Wendt
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | | | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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17
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Liana P, Liberty IA, Murti K, Hafy Z, Salim EM, Zulkarnain M, Umar TP. A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients. Immunol Res 2022; 70:449-460. [PMID: 35604493 PMCID: PMC9125547 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phey Liana
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
- Biomedicine Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Iche Andriyani Liberty
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. Moh. Ali Street RSMH complex, Palembang, South Sumatera Indonesia
| | - Zen Hafy
- Biomedical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Eddy Mart Salim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya/Dr, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Zulkarnain
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Tungki Pratama Umar
- Medical Profession Program, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
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Adverse Effects of Single Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Derived Components on Bovine Sperm Function. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101308. [PMID: 35625154 PMCID: PMC9138165 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in fertilisation by eliminating microorganisms and entrapping spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract (FRT). The deleterious effects of NETs on spermatozoa have been previously described; however, individual exposure to NET-derived components in bull spermatozoa has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the main NET-derived proteins, histone 2A (H2A), neutrophil elastase (ELA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin 3 (PTX), cathepsin G (Cat-G), and cathelicidin LL37 (LL-37), at concentrations of 1, 10, and 30 μg/mL, on sperm parameters. Sperm were selected and incubated with different NET-derived proteins for 4 h. Membrane and acrosome integrity, lipoperoxidation, and membrane phospholipid disorders were also evaluated. Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)/sperm co-cultures were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. All NET-derived proteins/enzymes resulted in a reduction in membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and lipoperoxidation at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. Bovine PMN/sperm co-cultures showed marked NET formation in the second hour. In conclusion, all NET-derived proteins/enzymes exerted cytotoxic effects on bull sperm, and this effect should be considered in future investigations on the uterine microenvironment and the advancement of spermatozoa in the FRT.
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d’Alessandro M, Conticini E, Bergantini L, Cameli P, Cantarini L, Frediani B, Bargagli E. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Scoping Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020317. [PMID: 35207604 PMCID: PMC8877891 DOI: 10.3390/life12020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Deregulated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation is implicated in various diseases, including ANCA-associated vasculitis and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Lung involvement is frequent in AAV, and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are strongly related to MPO-ANCA positivity and mainly reported in microscopic polyangiitis. The association between AAV and ILD is a strong indicator of poor prognosis and limited survival. Neutrophils, ANCA and NET interplay in PF development in AAV. This study aimed to review the literature concerning the implications of NET in lung fibrogenesis specifically focused on AAV associated with ILD, and the potential of NET as a theranostic marker. Methods: Through scoping review methodology, we used a descriptive thematic analysis to understand the pathogenic role of NETs in patients with AAV and pulmonary fibrosis and their further role as a theranostic marker of this disease. Results: The implications of NET in the pathogenesis of AAV and ILD, as well as an association between these two diseases, have been identified, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unknown. The pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NET release reduces disease severity in multiple inflammatory disease models, indicating that NETs are potential therapeutic targets. In this regard, despite the lack of clinical data, we may hypothesise that an optimal management of AAV-ILD patients would require not only B-cells targeted therapy, but also NETs inhibition. Conclusion: Preliminary findings seem to display a lack of efficacy of traditional immunosuppressants, such as Rituximab, in this subset of patients, while to date no patients suffering from a definite ILD have been enrolled in clinical trials. Further insights would be provided by their employment, as a combination treatment, in common clinical practice. Although we can imagine that the inhibition of NETs in patients with AAV-ILD could reduce severity and mortality, we still lack the scientific basis that could improve our understanding of the disease from a molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.d.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Edoardo Conticini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.d.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.d.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (B.F.)
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (B.F.)
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.d.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
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Chamardani TM, Amiritavassoli S. Inhibition of NETosis for treatment purposes: friend or foe? Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:673-688. [PMID: 34993747 PMCID: PMC8736330 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Active neutrophils participate in innate and adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, one of the most important of which is the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The NETs are composed of network-like structures made of histone proteins, DNA and other released antibacterial proteins by activated neutrophils, and evidence suggests that in addition to the innate defense against infections, NETosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several other non-infectious pathological states, such as autoimmune diseases and even cancer. Therefore, targeting NET has become one of the important therapeutic approaches and has been considered by researchers. NET inhibitors or other molecules involved in the NET formation, such as the protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) enzyme, an arginine-to-citrulline converter, participate in chromatin condensation and NET formation, is the basis of this therapeutic approach. The important point is whether complete inhibition of NETosis can be helpful because by inhibiting this mechanism, the activity of neutrophils is suppressed. In this review, the biology of NETosis and its role in the pathogenesis of some important diseases have been summarized, and the consequences of treatment based on inhibition of NET formation have been discussed.
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21
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Dai XK, Ding ZX, Tan YY, Bao HR, Wang DY, Zhang H. Neutrophils inhibit CD8 + T cells immune response by arginase-1 signaling in patients with sepsis. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:266-273. [PMID: 35837557 PMCID: PMC9233973 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis often exhibit an acute inflammatory response, followed by an immunosuppressive phase with a poor immune response. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in neutrophils of patients with sepsis by transcriptome sequencing. Additionally, we conducted a series of experiments, including real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry to investigate the role of arginase-1 signaling in sepsis. RESULTS Through the analysis of gene expression profiles, we identified that the negative regulation of T cell activation signaling was enriched, and the expression of arginase-1 was high in neutrophils from patients with sepsis. Furthermore, we conducted flow cytometry and found that the function of CD8+ T cells in septic patients was impaired. Moreover, neutrophils from septic patients inhibited the percentage of polyfunctional effector CD8+ T cells through arginase-1. Additionally, the proportions of granzyme B+IFN-γ+CD8+ T and TNF-α+IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells increased after inhibition of arginase-1 signaling. CONCLUSION The impaired effector function of CD8+ T cells could be restored by blocking arginase-1 signaling in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-kang Dai
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen-xing Ding
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Tan
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hua-rui Bao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dong-yao Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230027, China
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22
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An Update on the Pathogenic Role of Neutrophils in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313038. [PMID: 34884842 PMCID: PMC8657670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that play a key role in immune defense against invading pathogens. The main offensive mechanisms of neutrophils are the phagocytosis of pathogens, release of granules, and production of cytokines. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been described as a novel defense mechanism in the literature. NETs are a network of fibers assembled from chromatin deoxyribonucleic acid, histones, and neutrophil granule proteins that have the ability to kill pathogens, while they can also cause toxic effects in hosts. Activated neutrophils with NET formation stimulate autoimmune responses related to a wide range of inflammatory autoimmune diseases by exposing autoantigens in susceptible individuals. The association between increased NET formation and autoimmunity was first reported in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis, and the role of NETs in various diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, has since been elucidated in research. Herein, we discuss the mechanistic role of neutrophils, including NETs, in the pathogenesis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), and provide their clinical values as biomarkers for monitoring and prognosis.
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23
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Zhang J, Lu X, Wang S, Li H. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Erythropoietin Resistance among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Blood Purif 2021; 51:708-713. [PMID: 34649238 DOI: 10.1159/000519644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are recent prognostic biomarkers associated with inflammation. Increased erythropoiesis resistance index (ERI) may predict the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the roles of NLR and PLR in erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness remain unclear in HD patients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between NLR and PLR and EPO responsiveness in maintenance HD patients. METHODS A total of 299 HD patients were included in this survey. Laboratory data and demographic details were collected. EPO responsiveness was evaluated by ERI. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the factors that may be associated with EPO responsiveness. RESULTS The EPO responsiveness was positively related to ferritin and negatively related to serum albumin, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin. A multivariate linear regression revealed that only NLR (standardized β = 0.13, p = 0.024) but not PLR (standardized β = 0.107, p = 0.063) was correlated with a higher ERI. CONCLUSION A higher NLR level was shown to be a cheaper method to predict worse EPO responsiveness in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiangxue Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Kalyanaraman B. Reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators induced in COVID-19: overlapping biology with cancer. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1402-1414. [PMID: 34704045 PMCID: PMC8496060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the published literature linking the different mechanisms focused on oxidative stress and inflammation that contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. The objective is to bring together potential proinflammatory mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis and address mitigation strategies using naturally occurring compounds and FDA-approved drugs. Outstanding questions addressed include the following: What is the mechanistic basis for linking enhanced vulnerability in COVID-19 to increased oxidative damage and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines), especially in high-risk people? Can we repurpose anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents to mitigate inflammation in COVID-19 patients? How does 2-deoxy-d-glucose function as an anti-COVID drug? COVID-19, cancer biology, and immunotherapy share many mechanistic similarities. Repurposing drugs that already have been FDA-approved for mitigating inflammation and immunosuppression in cancer may be a way to counteract disease severity, progression, and chronic inflammation in COVID-19. What are the long-term effects of reactive oxygen species-inducing immune cells and sustained inflammation in so-called long-haulers (long COVID) after recovery from COVID-19? Can we use mitochondria-targeted agents prophylactically to prevent inflammation and boost immunity in long-haulers? Addressing the oxidative chemical biology of COVID-19 and the mechanistic commonalities with cancer may provide new insights potentially leading to appropriate clinical trials and new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Center, Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee WI 53226 USA
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25
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Chu ZQ, Zhang KC, Chen L. Neutrophil extracellular traps in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5474-5487. [PMID: 34588746 PMCID: PMC8433615 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a high-risk malignancy and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a weblike structure consisting of chromatin DNA with interspersed cytoplasmic and granule proteins, are extruded by activated neutrophils to entrap and kill bacteria and fungi. However, accumulating evidence shows that NETs are related to the progression and metastasis of cancer. In clinical studies, NETs infiltrate primary GI cancer tissues and are even more abundant in metastatic lesions. The quantity of NETs in peripheral blood is revealed to be associated with ascending clinical tumour stages, indicating the role of NETs as a prognostic markers in GI cancer. Moreover, several inhibitors of NETs or NET-related proteins have been discovered and used to exert anti-tumour effects in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that NETs can be regarded as targets in the treatment of GI cancer. In this review, we will focus on the role of NETs in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, generalizing their effects on tumour-related thrombosis, invasion and metastasis. Recent reports are also listed to show the latest evidences of how NETs affect GI cancer. Additionally, notwithstanding the scarcity of systematic studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between NETs and cancer cells, we highlight the potential importance of NETs as biomarkers and anti-tumour therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Chu
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Beijing 100853, China
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26
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Raigon Ponferrada A, Guerrero Orriach JL, Molina Ruiz JC, Romero Molina S, Gómez Luque A, Cruz Mañas J. Breast Cancer and Anaesthesia: Genetic Influence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7653. [PMID: 34299272 PMCID: PMC8307639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women. It is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of inter-subject variability even in patients with the same type of tumor, with individualized medicine having acquired significant relevance in this field. The clinical and morphological heterogeneity of the different types of breast tumors has led to a diversity of staging and classification systems. Thus, these tumors show wide variability in genetic expression and prognostic biomarkers. Surgical treatment is essential in the management of these patients. However, the perioperative period has been found to significantly influence survival and cancer recurrence. There is growing interest in the pro-tumoral effect of different anaesthetic and analgesic agents used intraoperatively and their relationship with metastatic progression. There is cumulative evidence of the influence of anaesthetic techniques on the physiopathological mechanisms of survival and growth of the residual neoplastic cells released during surgery. Prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain quality evidence on the relationship between cancer and anaesthesia. This document summarizes the evidence currently available about the effects of the anaesthetic agents and techniques used in primary cancer surgery and long-term oncologic outcomes, and the biomolecular mechanisms involved in their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raigon Ponferrada
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.R.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jose Luis Guerrero Orriach
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.R.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Molina Ruiz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Salvador Romero Molina
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Aurelio Gómez Luque
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.R.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Cruz Mañas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.C.M.R.); (S.R.M.); (J.C.M.)
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27
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Garley M, Jabłońska E, Miltyk W, Grubczak K, Surażyński A, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Grudzińska M, Nowacka KH, Moniuszko M, Pałka JA, Borys J, Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła D. Cancers Cells in Traps? The Pathways of NETs Formation in Response to OSCC in Humans-A Pilot Study. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820960473. [PMID: 33073595 PMCID: PMC7791464 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820960473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in response to direct or indirect contact with SCC cells in comparison to results obtained in the cells of healthy subjects. To fulfill study objectives CAL 27 cell line and blood were obtained from cancer patients and control subjects. Parameters related to NETs formation were analyzed utilizing flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and ELISA-type tests. The expression of selected phosphorylated proteins of the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway in neutrophils was evaluated using the Western blot method. An increase in NETs formation was observed in a coculture of neutrophils with SCC cells, with the largest amount of NETs formed after stimulation with a supernatant obtained from the SCC culture. The enhanced process of NETs formation was accompanied by changes in the expression of proteins from the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway. The obtained results prove the existence of interactions between neutrophils and cancer cells resulting in NETosis with the participation of the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Garley
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Kinga H Nowacka
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Pałka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, 37801Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Poland
| | - Dorota Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła
- Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward of the Provincial Integrated Hospital Jędrzej Śniadecki in Bialystok, Poland
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28
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Pan S, Tan H, Chang R, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Chen L, Li H, Su G, Zhou C, Cao Q, Kijlstra A, Yang P. High Ambient Temperature Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629306. [PMID: 33842459 PMCID: PMC8027130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether ambient temperature influences immune responses leading to uveitis is unknown. We thus tested whether ambient temperature affects the symptoms of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice and investigated possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were kept at a normal (22°C) or high temperature (30°C) housing conditions for 2 weeks and were then immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP651–670) peptide to induce EAU. Histological changes were monitored to evaluate the severity of uveitis. Frequency of Th1 cells and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR. The generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Differential metabolites in the plasma of the mice kept in the aforementioned two ambient temperatures were measured via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ/MS). The differential metabolites identified were used to evaluate their effects on differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and generation of NETs in vitro. The results showed that EAU mice kept at high temperature experienced a more severe histopathological manifestation of uveitis than mice kept at a normal temperature. A significantly increased frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells in association with an upregulated expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA was observed in the splenic lymphocytes and retinas of EAU mice in high temperature. The expression of NETs as evidenced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE), was significantly elevated in serum and supernatants of neutrophils from EAU mice kept at high temperature compared to the normal temperature group. The metabolites in the plasma from EAU mice, fumaric acid and succinic acid, were markedly increased in the high temperature group and could induce the generation of NETs via the NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, but did not influence the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells. Our findings suggest that an increased ambient temperature is a risk factor for the development of uveitis. This is associated with the induction of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the generation of NETs which could be mediated by the NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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29
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Chen Z, Zhang H, Qu M, Nan K, Cao H, Cata JP, Chen W, Miao C. Review: The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis and Sepsis-Associated Thrombosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:653228. [PMID: 33816356 PMCID: PMC8010653 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.653228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sepsis commonly suffer from coagulation dysfunction and lead to the formation of thrombus. During the development of sepsis, neutrophils migrate from the circulating blood to infected tissues and mediate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that kill pathogens. However, the overactivation of neutrophils can promote the formation of immunothrombosis and even cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which damages microcirculation. The outcome of sepsis depends on early recognition and intervention, so clinical evaluation of NETs function may be a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis of sepsis. The interaction of NETs with platelets, complement, and endothelium mediates the formation of immunothrombosis in sepsis. Inhibiting the formation of NETs is also considered to be one of the potential treatments for sepsis. In this review, we will discuss the key role of neutrophils and NETs in sepsis and septic thrombosis, in order to reveal new mechanisms for thrombosis treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanzhong Cao
- Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Charkiewicz AE, Garley M, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Maślach D, Omeljaniuk WJ. Profile of new vascular damage biomarkers in middle-aged men with arterial hypertension. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:185-191. [PMID: 33684644 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Normal endothelial function is important for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular (CV) system. The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of key parameters of endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged men that play a significant role in the functioning of endothelial vessels, which seems to be crucial for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 53 men, 20 with hypertension (HTN), 18 with HTN and related diseases, 15 healthy controls Apart from general testing (BMI, biochemical analysis, SBP, DBP), we used the Griess reaction to assess the total amount of nitric oxide (NO), and used ELISA to verify the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, we assessed the concentration of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) using the fluorescence method. RESULTS The values of MDA, ADMA, cfDNA, and MPO observed in samples from men with HTN were determined to be higher compared to those from men without HTN. In the group of men with HTN and other concomitant cardiovascular disorders, we observed low concentrations of NO, MDA, and ADMA with high concentrations of cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained for parameters selected for the study, should be considered by cardiologists as a prompt to include in the diagnostic profile the assessment of NO and cfDNA concentrations for risk evaluation and/or diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from HTN or related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Maślach
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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31
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Negreros M, Flores-Suárez LF. A proposed role of neutrophil extracellular traps and their interplay with fibroblasts in ANCA-associated vasculitis lung fibrosis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102781. [PMID: 33609801 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) comprise three diseases: granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. They are characterised by small vessel inflammation and have a broad range of clinical manifestations and multiorgan involvement which endanger the patient's life. An increasingly recognised complication of AAV, especially in MPA is lung fibrosis, for which no clearcut therapy in this context is available. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in these diseases has been related to the development of fibrosis, but the precise mechanisms are not fully unravelled. This review provides an overview of some of the important proteins known to compose NETs, and proposes some mechanisms by which these remarkable components may exert an impact on the different fibroblastic phenotypes leading to lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Negreros
- Primary Systemic Vasculitides Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis F Flores-Suárez
- Primary Systemic Vasculitides Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Janiuk K, Jabłońska E, Garley M. Significance of NETs Formation in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010151. [PMID: 33466589 PMCID: PMC7828704 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe contagious respiratory disease—COVID-19—caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, can lead to fatal respiratory failure associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Infiltration and spread of SARS-CoV-2 are based on the interaction between the virus’ structural protein S and the cell’s receptor–angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with the simultaneous involvement of human trans-membrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Many scientific reports stress the importance of elevated recruitment and activity of neutrophils, which can form extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) playing a significant role in the mechanism of combating pathogens, in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Excessive generation of NETs during prolonged periods of inflammation predisposes for the occurrence of undesirable reactions including thromboembolic complications and damage to surrounding tissues and organs. Within the present manuscript, we draw attention to the impact of NET generation on the severe course of COVID-19 in patients with concurrent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we indicate the necessity to explore not only the cellular but also the molecular bases of COVID-19 pathogenesis, which may aid the development of dedicated therapies meant to improve chances for the successful treatment of patients. We also present new directions of research into medications that display NETs formation regulatory properties as potential significant therapeutic strategies in the progress of COVID-19.
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Comprehensive proteomic investigation of infectious and inflammatory changes in late preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17696. [PMID: 33077789 PMCID: PMC7573586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes beyond the 34th week of gestation (late PPROM) is frequently associated with the risk of the microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid (MIAC) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Hence, we employed a Tandem Mass Tag-based approach to uncover amniotic fluid proteome response to the presence of MIAC and HCA in late PPROM. Protein dysregulation was associated with only five cases in the group of 15 women with confirmed MIAC and HCA. Altogether, 138 amniotic fluid proteins were changed in these five cases exclusively. These proteins were particularly associated with excessive neutrophil responses to infection, such as neutrophil degranulation and extracellular trap formation. We believe that the quantification of these proteins in amniotic fluid may assist in revealing women with the highest risk of excessive inflammatory response in late PPROM.
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Kalyanaraman B. Do free radical NETwork and oxidative stress disparities in African Americans enhance their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity? Redox Biol 2020; 37:101721. [PMID: 32961440 PMCID: PMC7490257 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the hypothetical mechanisms for enhanced vulnerability of African Americans to SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity, and increased deaths. A disproportionately higher number of African Americans are afflicted with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, obesity), and SARS-CoV-2 has helped expose these health disparities. Several factors including socioeconomic status, inferior health care, and work circumstances contribute to these disparities. Identifying potential inflammatory biomarkers and decreasing basal levels in high-risk individuals with comorbidities through preventive measures is critical. Immune cells, particularly neutrophils, protect us against pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) through increased generation of free radicals or oxidants and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that ensnare pathogens, killing them extracellularly. However, continued generation of NETs coupled with the lack of prompt removal pose danger to host cells. NET levels are increased during pro-inflammatory diseases. COVID-19 patients exhibit elevated NET levels, depending upon disease severity. Conceivably, high-risk individuals with elevated basal NET levels would exhibit hyper-inflammation when infected with SARS-CoV-2, amplifying disease severity and deaths. Drugs inhibiting oxidant formation and vitamin supplements decreased NET formation in mice models of inflammation. Thus, it is conceivable that preventive treatments lowering NET levels and inflammation in high-risk individuals could mitigate SARS-CoV-2-induced complications and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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35
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Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Del Vecchio S, Carriero MV. The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1749. [PMID: 33042107 PMCID: PMC7524869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are net-like structures composed of DNA-histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils. In addition to their key role in the neutrophil innate immune response, NETs are also involved in autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and in other non-infectious pathological processes, as coagulation disorders, thrombosis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and cancer. Recently, a large body of evidence indicates that NETs are involved in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination, both in animal models and cancer patients. Interestingly, a close correlation between cancer cell recruitment of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment (Tumor Associated Neutrophils. TANs) and NET formation has been also observed either in primary tumors and metastatic sites. Moreover, NETs can also catch circulating cancer cells and promote metastasis. Furthermore, it has been reported that wake dormant cancer cells, causing tumor relapse and metastasis. This review will primarily focus on the pro-tumorigenic activity of NETs in tumors highlighting their ability to serve as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Masucci
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Signaling Properties and Disease Relevance. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9254087. [PMID: 32774152 PMCID: PMC7407020 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9254087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized as extracellular DNA fibers comprised of histone and cytoplasmic granule proteins. NETs were first described as a form of innate response against pathogen invasion, which can capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria. Additionally, NETs also provide a scaffold for protein and cell binding. Protein binding to NETs further activate the coagulation system which participates in thrombosis. In addition, NETs also can damage the tissues due to the proteins they carry. Many studies have suggested that the excessive formation of NETs may contribute to a range of diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In this review, we describe the structure and components of NETs, models of NET formation, and detection methods. We also discuss the molecular mechanism of NET formation and their disease relevance. Modulation of NET formation may provide a new route for the prevention and treatment of releated human diseases.
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Pulavendran S, Rudd JM, Maram P, Thomas PG, Akhilesh R, Malayer JR, Chow VTK, Teluguakula N. Combination Therapy Targeting Platelet Activation and Virus Replication Protects Mice against Lethal Influenza Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:689-701. [PMID: 31070937 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0196oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophils recruited during influenza pneumonia contribute to severe lung pathology through induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release of extracellular histones. We have recently shown that activation of platelets during influenza enhances pulmonary microvascular thrombosis, leading to vascular injury and hemorrhage. Emerging evidence indicates that activated platelets also interact with neutrophils, forming neutrophil-platelet aggregates (NPAs) that contribute to tissue injury. Here, we examined neutrophil-platelet interactions and evaluated the formation of NPAs during influenza pneumonia. We also evaluated the efficacy of clopidogrel (CLP), an antagonist of the ADP-P2Y12 platelet receptor, alone or in combination with an antiviral agent (oseltamivir) against influenza infection in mice. Our studies demonstrated increased platelet activation and induction of NPAs in influenza-infected lungs, and that these NPAs led to NET release both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, neutrophil integrin Mac-1 (macrophage-1 antigen)-mediated platelet binding was critical for NPA formation and NET release. Administration of CLP reduced platelet activation and NPA formation but did not protect the mice against lethal influenza challenge. However, administration of CLP together with oseltamivir improved survival rates in mice compared with oseltamivir alone. The combination treatment reduced lung pathology, neutrophil influx, NPAs, NET release, and inflammatory cytokine release in infected lungs. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that NPAs formed during influenza contribute to acute lung injury. Targeting both platelet activation and virus replication could represent an effective therapeutic option for severe influenza pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasami Pulavendran
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jennifer M Rudd
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Prasanthi Maram
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | | | | | - Vincent T K Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Narasaraju Teluguakula
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and.,Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Carroll GM, Burns GL, Petit JA, Walker MM, Mathe A, Smith SR, Keely S, Pockney PG. Does postoperative inflammation or sepsis generate neutrophil extracellular traps that influence colorectal cancer progression? A systematic review. Surg Open Sci 2020; 2:57-69. [PMID: 32754708 PMCID: PMC7391903 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Almost half of those that have a potentially curative resection go on to develop metastatic disease. A recognized risk for recurrence is perioperative systemic inflammation and sepsis. Neutrophil extracellular traps have been implicated as promotors of tumor progression. We aimed to examine the evidence in the literature for an association between neutrophil extracellular traps and postoperative metastasis in colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies published between 2000 and December 2018 that examined the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in sepsis and inflammation in colorectal cancer and in relation to tumor-related outcomes were identified through a database search of Cochrane, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. Quality and bias assessment was carried out by 2 reviewers. RESULTS Of 8,940 screened and of the 30 studies included, 21 were observational, 5 were in vivo experimental, 1 was in vitro, and 3 used a combination of these approaches. CONCLUSION There is clear evidence from the literature that presence of a preoperative systemic inflammatory response predicts cancer recurrence following potentially curative resection, but the evidence for association of sepsis and progression is lacking. There is robust experimental evidence in murine models showing that neutrophil extracellular traps are present in sepsis and are associated with cancer progression. Some human observational studies corroborate the prognostic significance of neutrophil extracellular traps in progression of colorectal cancer. Further human studies are needed to translate the experimental evidence and to definitively associate sepsis and neutrophil extracellular traps with poor colorectal cancer-specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M. Carroll
- Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grace L. Burns
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joel A. Petit
- Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M. Walker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Mathe
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Smith
- Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G. Pockney
- Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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39
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Radziwon P, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Identification of a novel target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals: inhibitory effect of methylparaben on human neutrophil functions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6540-6548. [PMID: 31873886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to verify a hypothesis that immune cells are a target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by investigating whether methylparaben (MeP) modulates human neutrophil functions. Neutrophils isolated from 15 donor samples were studied. Cells were incubated in the presence of increasing MeP concentrations (0.06, 0.8, 10, and 20 μM). The cytotoxic effect of MeP on neutrophils was evaluated by the MTT test. The ability of the neutrophils for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide anion generation was assessed in Boyden's chamber, Park's method with latex, the NBT test, and the cytochrome C reduction test, respectively. The total nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured by the Griess reaction. There was no observable cytotoxic effect of MeP on human neutrophils. MeP (10 and 20 μM) exposure decreased neutrophilic ability for the tested functions, except for NO production. In neutrophils incubated with MeP (0.8 μM as well as 0.06 and 0.8 μM, respectively), we observed a decreased activity of NADPH oxidase as well as decreased generation of superoxide anion. Our results suggest a suppressive effect of MeP on the tested functions of human neutrophils, which confirms that immune cells are vulnerable to EDC action. Therefore, the disturbance of neutrophils' oxygen-dependent phagocytic function as a result of exposure to environmental doses of MeP action could lead to impairment of innate immune responses in humans exposed to xenoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
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40
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Deng Q, Pan B, Alam HB, Liang Y, Wu Z, Liu B, Mor-Vaknin N, Duan X, Williams AM, Tian Y, Zhang J, Li Y. Citrullinated Histone H3 as a Therapeutic Target for Endotoxic Shock in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2957. [PMID: 31998291 PMCID: PMC6962130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis results in millions of deaths every year, with acute lung injury (ALI) being one of the leading causes of mortality in septic patients. As neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are abundant in sepsis, neutralizing components of NETs may be a useful strategy to improve outcomes of sepsis. Citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) has been recently shown to be involved in the NET formation. In this study, we demonstrate that CitH3 damages human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and potentiates NET formation through a positive feedback mechanism. We developed a novel CitH3 monoclonal antibody to target peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and PAD 4 generated CitH3. In a mouse model of lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced shock, neutralizing CitH3 with the newly developed anti-CitH3 monoclonal antibody attenuates inflammatory responses, ameliorates ALI, and improves survival. Our study suggests that effectively blocking circulating CitH3 might be a potential therapeutic method for the treatment of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Deng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Baihong Pan
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nirit Mor-Vaknin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Xiuzhen Duan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Justin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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41
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Jablonska E, Garley M, Surazynski A, Grubczak K, Iwaniuk A, Borys J, Moniuszko M, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induced by TGF-β in oral lichen planus - Possible implications for the development of oral cancer. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151901. [PMID: 31882256 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) including Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) are associated with risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Available data show that innate immune cells involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with their ability to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation are likely to be directly involved in development of cancer. Examination of NETs generation by TGF-β - induced neutrophils of OLP patients showed increased amounts of traps with MPO, H3Cit and cfDNA, known to be released with NETs. The presence of excessive amounts of NETs components may lead to numerous adverse consequences associated with potential transformation to OSCC. Bacterial-related infection may enhance the NETs formation and lead to consequences resulting from the excessive number of individual elements of these networks. It is likely that regulating NETs release by the flavonoids presented herein may be beneficial not only for inhibiting OLP development, but also in reducing risk of transformation to OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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42
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Espinosa G, Plaza A, Schenffeldt A, Alarcón P, Gajardo G, Uberti B, Morán G, Henríquez C. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 221:109975. [PMID: 32087476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the largest leukocyte population in the blood of most mammals including horses, and play an important defensive role in many infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms that increase PMN as one of the main cellular subsets in the defense against pathogens could also be involved in the pathophysiology of dysregulated inflammatory conditions. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a modulatory potential on the inflammatory response and are known to interact with nearly all cells of the immune system, including PMN. In this study, the in vitro modulation of equine bone marrow-derived MSCs on equine PMN phagocytosis, ROS production, and NETs generation was assessed. RESULTS In co-culture with MSCs, unstimulated PMN produce less ROS (2.88 % ± 1.43) than PMN in single culture (5.89 % ± 2.63) (p = 0.016). Moreover, PMN co-cultured with MSCs remain conditioned to produce fewer ROS after PMA stimulation in comparison to PMN in single culture (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that incubation with MSC supernatant strongly inhibited ROS production (83 % ± 6.35 less than control) without affecting phagocytosis or capacity for NETosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a modulatory effect of equine BM-derived MSCs on PMN respiratory burst, without impairing other important microbicidal functions. This supports the potential use of equine MSCs in excessive or persistent inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils are the main effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andrés Schenffeldt
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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43
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Estúa-Acosta GA, Zamora-Ortiz R, Buentello-Volante B, García-Mejía M, Garfias Y. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Current Perspectives in the Eye. Cells 2019; 8:E979. [PMID: 31461831 PMCID: PMC6769795 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been the subject of research in the field of innate immunity since their first description more than a decade ago. Neutrophils are the first cells recruited at sites of inflammation, where they perform their specific functions, including the release of NETs, which consist of web-like structures composed of granule proteins bound to decondensed chromatin fibres. This process has aroused interest, as it contributes to understanding how pathogenic microorganisms are contained, but they are also associated with pathophysiological processes of a wide range of diseases. Currently, there are growing reports of new molecules involved in the formation and release of NETs. However, whether the release of NETs contributes to eye diseases remains unclear. For this reason, the overall aim of this review is to gather current data of recent research in the ophthalmology field, where there is still much to discover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Zamora-Ortiz
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Buentello-Volante
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Mariana García-Mejía
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Phosphoinositides: multipurpose cellular lipids with emerging roles in cell death. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:781-793. [PMID: 30742090 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol lipids, or phosphoinositides, critically regulate diverse cellular processes, including signalling transduction, cytoskeletal reorganisation, membrane dynamics and cellular trafficking. However, phosphoinositides have been inadequately investigated in the context of cell death, where they are mainly regarded as signalling secondary messengers. However, recent studies have begun to highlight the importance of phosphoinositides in facilitating cell death execution. Here, we cover the latest phosphoinositide research with a particular focus on phosphoinositides in the mechanisms of cell death. This progress article also raises key questions regarding the poorly defined role of phosphoinositides, particularly during membrane-associated events in cell death such as apoptosis and secondary necrosis. The review then further discusses important future directions for the phosphoinositide field, including therapeutically targeting phosphoinositides to modulate cell death.
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Kroon EE, Coussens AK, Kinnear C, Orlova M, Möller M, Seeger A, Wilkinson RJ, Hoal EG, Schurr E. Neutrophils: Innate Effectors of TB Resistance? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2637. [PMID: 30487797 PMCID: PMC6246713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain individuals are able to resist Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite persistent and intense exposure. These persons do not exhibit adaptive immune priming as measured by tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) responses, nor do they develop active tuberculosis (TB). Genetic investigation of individuals who are able to resist M. tuberculosis infection shows there are likely a combination of genetic variants that contribute to the phenotype. The contribution of the innate immune system and the exact cells involved in this phenotype remain incompletely elucidated. Neutrophils are prominent candidates for possible involvement as primers for microbial clearance. Significant variability is observed in neutrophil gene expression and DNA methylation. Furthermore, inter-individual variability is seen between the mycobactericidal capacities of donor neutrophils. Clearance of M. tuberculosis infection is favored by the mycobactericidal activity of neutrophils, apoptosis, effective clearance of cells by macrophages, and resolution of inflammation. In this review we will discuss the different mechanisms neutrophils utilize to clear M. tuberculosis infection. We discuss the duality between neutrophils' ability to clear infection and how increasing numbers of neutrophils contribute to active TB severity and mortality. Further investigation into the potential role of neutrophils in innate immune-mediated M. tuberculosis infection resistance is warranted since it may reveal clinically important activities for prevention as well as vaccine and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise E Kroon
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K Coussens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Infection and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Allison Seeger
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Two-in-one: UV radiation simultaneously induces apoptosis and NETosis. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:51. [PMID: 29736268 PMCID: PMC5919968 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NETosis is a unique form of neutrophil death that differs from apoptosis and necrosis. However, whether NETosis and apoptosis can occur simultaneously in the same neutrophil is unknown. In this paper, we show that increasing doses of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increases NETosis, which is confirmed by myeloperoxidase colocalisation to neutrophil extracellular DNA. Increasing UV irradiation increases caspase 3 activation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p38, but not ERK, phosphorylation. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production and p38 activation, but not NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, suppresses UV-induced NETosis, indicating that UV induces NOX-independent NETosis. Like classical NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis, UV-induced NETosis requires transcriptional firing for chromatin decondensation. Cell death-specific inhibitor studies indicate that UV-mediated NETosis is not apoptosis, necrosis or necroptosis. Collectively, these studies indicate that increasing doses of UV irradiation induce both apoptosis and NETosis simultaneously, but the ultimate outcome is the induction of a novel form of NOX-independent NETosis, or “ApoNETosis”.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps possess anti-human respiratory syncytial virus activity: Possible interaction with the viral F protein. Virus Res 2018; 251:68-77. [PMID: 29621602 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the main etiological agents of diseases of the lower respiratory tract, and is often responsible for the hospitalization of children and the elderly. To date, treatments are only palliative and there is no vaccine available. The airways of patients infected with hRSV exhibit intense neutrophil infiltration, which is responsible for the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These are extracellular structures consisting of DNA associated with intracellular proteins, and are efficient in capturing and eliminating various microorganisms, including some viruses. hRSV induces the release of NETs into the lung tissue of infected individuals; however, the pathophysiological consequences of this event have not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to utilize in vitro and in silico assays to investigate the impact of NETs on hRSV infection. NETs, generated by neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), displayed long fragments of DNA and an electrophoretic profile suggestive of the presence of proteins that are classically associated with these structures (elastase, cathepsin G, myeloperoxidase, and histones). The presence of NETs (>2 μg/ml) in HEp-2 cell culture medium resulted in cellular cytotoxicity of less than 50%. Pre-incubation (1 h) of viral particles (multiplicity of infection (MOI) values of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0) with NETs (2-32 μg/ml) resulted in cellular protection from virus-induced death of HEp-2 cells. Concurrently, there was a reduction in the formation of syncytia, which is related to decreased viral spread in infected tissue. Results from western blotting and molecular docking, suggest interactions between F protein of the hRSV viral envelope and BPI (bactericidal permeability-increasing protein), a microbicidal member of NETs. Interactions occurred at sites important for the neutralization and coordination of the hRSV infection/replication process. Our results showed that the presence of NETs decreases hRSV-induced cellular damage, possibly by directly affecting viral particle capture and/or interfering with the fusion activity of the F protein. These findings broaden the understanding of the role of NETs during hRSV infection.
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Pleskova SN, Gorshkova EN, Kriukov RN. Dynamics of formation and morphological features of neutrophil extracellular traps formed under the influence of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2707. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Pleskova
- Research and Education Center for Physics of Solid State Nanostructures; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
- Department of Nanotechnology and biotechnology; R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod Technical University; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Gorshkova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Ruslan N. Kriukov
- Research and Education Center for Physics of Solid State Nanostructures; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Nizhny Novgorod Russia
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Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through TSG-6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12426. [PMID: 28963485 PMCID: PMC5622031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human amniotic membrane (hAMSC) possess immunosuppressive functions through soluble factors such as prostanoids and proteins; thus, they have been proposed to ameliorate inflammatory processes. On the other hand, activated neutrophils are cells of the first line of immune defense that are able to release extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are formed of DNA and granular components; however, the excessive release of NETs is associated with the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified that conditioned medium (CM) from hAMSC was able to diminish NETs release, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential from LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMN). Interestingly, NETs inhibition, ROS levels decrease and mitochondrial membrane potential loss were reverted when LPS-stimulated murine derived BMN were exposed to the CM from hAMSC transfected with TSG-6-siRNA. Finally, rhTSG6 was able to significantly diminish NETs release in BMN. These data suggest an inhibition mechanism of NETs ROS-dependent in which TSG-6 participates. Consequently, we propose the hAMSC use as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which NETs are involved.
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High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9327136. [PMID: 28316378 PMCID: PMC5339486 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9327136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel simple biomarker of inflammation. It has emerged as a predictor of poor prognosis in cancer and cardiovascular disease in general population. But little was known of its prognostic value in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Here we investigated the association between NLR and cardiovascular risk markers, including increased pulse pressure (PP), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and intima-media thickness (IMT), and mortality in HD patients. Two hundred and sixty-eight HD patients were enrolled in this study and were followed for 36 months. The primary end point was all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios for NLR on all-cause and cardiovascular survival. We pinpointed that higher NLR in HD patients was a predictor of increased PP, LVMI, and IMT; HD patients with higher NLR had a lower survival at the end of the study; furthermore, high NLR was an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when adjusted for other risk factors. In conclusion, higher NLR in HD patients was associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality.
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