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Kools N, Rozema AD, Vermunt JK, Bovens RHLM, van de Mheen D, Mathijssen JJP. An empirically based typology of temporary alcohol abstinence challenge participants using latent class analysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39155051 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying subgroups of Temporary (alcohol) Abstinence Challenge (TAC) participants may offer opportunities to enhance intervention effectiveness. However, knowledge about such subgroups is missing. This study aimed to (i) describe a TAC population; (ii) identify subgroups of participants based on determinants of changes in drinking behaviour; and (iii) characterise subgroups in terms of sociodemographic and other characteristics. METHODS Data from 3803 Dutch TAC participants were analysed to identify subgroups using three-step Latent Class Analysis. Classes were based on determinants of changes in drinking behaviour (i.e., drinking refusal self-efficacy, craving and behavioural automaticity) and were characterised by sociodemographic characteristics, drinking behaviour, previous participation in TACs, self-reported health and life satisfaction. RESULTS The majority of TAC participants were female, highly educated, employed, 53 years old on average, participated in previous TACs and reported relatively high alcohol use. Four classes of participants were identified: (i) 'ordinary drinkers' (49.0%); (ii) 'drinkers in control' (21.4%); (iii) 'habitual drinkers with perceived control to refuse' (18.4%); and (iv) 'drinkers not in control' (11.2%). Class 2 drank least often and non-excessive volumes, while other classes typically drank 4 or more days per week and 3 to 4 glasses per drinking day, with the highest alcohol use found in class 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Different configurations of determinants in this study's four subgroups may require different intervention approaches and might inform personalised support. Future research is needed to examine the predictive value of these subgroups on post-challenge drinking behaviour to assess support needs and participation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kools
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D Rozema
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen K Vermunt
- Department of Methodology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Rob H L M Bovens
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Positive Lifestyle Foundation, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J P Mathijssen
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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2
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Cappelli T, Banks AP, Gardner B. Understanding money-management behaviour and its potential determinants among undergraduate students: A scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307137. [PMID: 39146345 PMCID: PMC11326551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students typically face acute financial pressure, which can adversely impact mental health, wellbeing, and academic outcomes. This scoping review of qualitative and quantitative studies aimed to identify distinct money-management behaviours, and psychological determinants, to inform future interventions. METHODS Two electronic databases were searched for observational studies focusing on money-management behaviours and their correlates (in quantitative studies) or reflections on experiences of such behaviours (qualitative studies). Of 789 unique papers identified, 12 papers, reporting 10 distinct studies (six quantitative, two qualitative, two mixed-methods), were entered into review. We inductively categorised all behaviours and psychological correlates, and narratively synthesised findings. RESULTS We documented 15 distinct money-management behaviours, which fitted five higher-order categories: budgeting, saving (i.e., building funds), spending, borrowing, and settling debts. Twenty-two distinct potential correlates were observed, which fitted six categories: personality characteristics, financial beliefs and knowledge, attitudes, affective responses, self-efficacy and control, and social influences. Financial beliefs and knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and control, and social support from parents and peers were generally associated with 'better' money management practices. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity in behaviours and correlates studied precluded definitive conclusions. Future studies should more comprehensively adopt theories and concepts from behavioural science, to distinguish between different money-management behaviours, identify which behaviours have most impact on students, and establish which specific determinants are most related to which money-management behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theepa Cappelli
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P Banks
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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3
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Han Y, Wang Y, Li P, Zhang B. Attitude, Habit Strength, and the Relationship Between Intention and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior Among College Students. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39137291 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2389906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
According to the dual-process theories, many scholars proposed that physical activity behavior tends to be governed by an interplay of intentional planning and habitual action. The major purpose of this study was to determine the moderation effects of habit strength on the relationship between leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) intention and behavior and the impacts of cognitive and affective attitude on PA habit strength, utilizing a latent interaction modeling approach. A total of 1803 undergraduate students completed this study. All variables were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and Hayes' PROCESS program (model 1) were conducted to address the research questions. Habit strength significantly and positively moderated the effects of intention on leisure time MVPA behavior (β = .08, p < .01). The association between intention and PA behavior became stronger as habit strength increased. Affective attitude positively and significantly influenced habit strength (β = .71, p < .01). The effect of cognitive attitude on habit strength was significant and negative with a small effect size (β = -.08, p < .01). Findings indicated that habit strength positively moderated the relationship between PA intention and behavior, suggesting that stronger habit strength may amplify the association between PA intention and actual PA behavior. Affective attitude toward PA significantly influenced habit strength, whereas cognitive attitude exhibited minimal negative impact on habit strength. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction effects between deliberative and automatic processes in regulating PA behavior, as well as the nuanced relationship between attitude and habit development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport
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4
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McAlpine T, Mullan BA, Dorina I. Comparison of approach/avoidance intentions for alcohol and vegetable consumption under a temporal self-regulation theory framework. Psychol Health 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38952006 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2372649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the differences between the framing of intention (approach vs. avoidance) and the type of self-regulatory capacity (planning vs. inhibition) to predict two behaviours (alcohol vs. vegetable consumption). Interaction effects between temporal self-regulation theory constructs were also explored. METHODS UK participants were recruited online (N = 254) and completed measures of intention (approach and avoidance), self-regulatory capacity (planning and inhibition), and behavioural prepotency (habit) related to alcohol and vegetable consumption. One week later, consumption was assessed. RESULTS Habit strength and approach-intentions consistently predicted consumption across each model for both behaviours. There was mixed support for avoidance-intentions and self-regulatory capacity variables in predicting consumption. Planning was more important in vegetable consumption than in alcohol consumption, and avoidance-intentions were only predictive in alcohol consumption. Inhibition was not significant for either behaviour. The interaction between approach-intention and planning was the only significant moderation detected and was only present in vegetable consumption. CONCLUSION The framing of intentions and the sub-facet of self-regulatory capacity are important to consider when attempting to explain health behaviours. Furthermore, theoretically defined moderation between temporal self-regulation theory variables might also depend on the type of behaviour and specific measured used to capture self-regulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McAlpine
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Barbara A Mullan
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Indita Dorina
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Rebar AL, Lagoa CM, Gardner B, Conroy DE. The Specification of a Computational Model of Physical Activity Habit. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:102-107. [PMID: 38865162 PMCID: PMC11178247 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The influence of habit on physical activity is computationally modeled as the aggregated influence of past behavioral choices a person makes in a given context. We hypothesize that the influence of habit on behavior can be enhanced through engagement of the target behavior in a particular context or weakened through engagement of alternative behaviors in that context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rebar
- Motivation of Health Behaviours Lab, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Constantino Manuel Lagoa
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Habit Application and Theory Group, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
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6
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Gifford R, Lacroix K, Asgarizadeh Z, Ashford Anderson E, Milne-Ives M, Sugrue P. Applying the theory of behavioral choice to plant-based dietary intentions. Appetite 2024; 197:107271. [PMID: 38382764 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Improving understanding of the intention to choose plant-based food is an important element of climate change mitigation. A cross-sectional survey of 454 North American adults was used to predict their dietary-change intentions from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the more-recently proposed theory of behavioral choice (TBC). The TPB accounted for 65 percent of the variance in intentions and the TBC accounted for a significantly greater (80 percent) proportion of variance. The strongest predictors of intention were the TBC's sense of obligation, attitude-values-affect (AVA), and habit, and the TBP's social norms. Five interactions also contributed in small but significant ways toward the accounting of the participants' food-choice intentions. Policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gifford
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
| | - Karine Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Peter Sugrue
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Winkler-Schor S, Brauer M. What Happens When Payments End? Fostering Long-Term Behavior Change With Financial Incentives. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024:17456916241247152. [PMID: 38767968 DOI: 10.1177/17456916241247152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Financial incentives are widely used to get people to adopt desirable behaviors. Many small landholders in developing countries, for example, receive multiyear payments to engage in conservation behaviors, and the hope is that they will continue to engage in these behaviors after the program ends. Although effective in the short term, financial incentives rarely lead to long-term behavior change because program participants tend to revert to their initial behaviors soon after the payments stop. In this article, we propose that four psychological constructs can be leveraged to increase the long-term effectiveness of financial-incentive programs: motivation, habit formation, social norms, and recursive processes. We review successful and unsuccessful behavior-change initiatives involving financial incentives in several domains: public health, education, sustainability, and conservation. We make concrete recommendations on how to implement the four above-mentioned constructs in field settings. Finally, we identify unresolved issues that future research might want to address to advance knowledge, promote theory development, and understand the psychological mechanisms that can be used to improve the effectiveness of incentive programs in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Brauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Jekauc D, Gürdere C, Englert C, Strobach T, Bottesi G, Bray S, Brown D, Fleig L, Ghisi M, Graham J, Martinasek M, Tamulevicius N, Pfeffer I. The contribution and interplay of implicit and explicit processes on physical activity behavior: empirical testing of the physical activity adoption and maintenance (PAAM) model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1239. [PMID: 38711051 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior. This paper presents the first comprehensive empirical test of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model, which proposes that a combination of explicit (e.g., intention) and implicit (e.g., habit,, affect) self-regulatory processes is involved in PA adoption and maintenance. Data were collected via online questionnaires in English, German, and Italian at two measurement points four weeks apart. The study included 422 participants (Mage= 25.3, SDage= 10.1; 74.2% women) from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and the U.S. The study results largely supported the assumptions of the PAAM model, indicating that intentions and habits significantly mediate the effects of past PA on future PA. In addition, the effect of past PA on future PA was shown to be significant through a mediation chain involving affect and habit. Although the hypothesis that trait self-regulation moderates the intention-behavior relationship was not supported, a significant moderating effect of affect on the same relationship was observed. The results suggest that interventions targeting both explicit and implicit processes may be effective in promoting PA adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ceren Gürdere
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chris Englert
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- U.O.C. Hospital Psychology, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Steven Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Denver Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Lena Fleig
- Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Graham
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Mary Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Ines Pfeffer
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Parke A, Eschle T, Keatley D. Risk factors for momentary loss of control and subsequent abandonment of self-devised dietary restraint plans in adults with weight-loss goals: a behaviour sequence analysis approach. Psychol Health 2024; 39:691-709. [PMID: 35791507 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2094929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to improve understanding of events leading to lapses of dietary restraint, and to identify pathways to perseverance or abandonment of weight loss efforts in response to lapses. In addition, Behaviour Sequence Analysis (BSA) was also evaluated as an analytical tool in dietary behaviour. DESIGN A sample of 176 adults who were engaging in self-imposed dietary restraint for weight loss were recruited to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were instructed to provide a detailed written timeline of an episode where they lapsed in their dietary restraint plan. They were instructed to report their preceding behaviours and internal states, and social and environmental contexts, leading up to and after their lapse in dietary restraint. RESULTS Lapses in dietary restraint were precipitated by negative internal states in the presence of cues for highly palatable foods. In addition, abandonment of weight loss efforts after lapsing was preceded by dichotomous thinking, whereas perseverance was preceded by a more neutral, flexible interpretation of the lapse in self-control. CONCLUSION BSA has identified that neutral evaluation of inevitable lapses in dietary restraint are predictive of continuation with weight loss efforts, highlighting the importance of individual tolerance of lapses in self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Parke
- Psychology Division, Education and Social Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley, Renfrewshire, UK
- Researchers in Behaviour Sequence Analysis (ReBSA)
| | - Timothy Eschle
- Psychology Division, Education and Social Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley, Renfrewshire, UK
| | - David Keatley
- Researchers in Behaviour Sequence Analysis (ReBSA)
- Murdoch University, Perth, WesternAustralia
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10
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Saunders B, More KR. Some habits are more work than others: Deliberate self-regulation strategy use increases with behavioral complexity, even for established habits. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38450535 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that complex behaviors are commonly supported by self-regulation strategies, even when those behaviors are supported by strong instigation habits. BACKGROUND Goal-directed and habit-mediated processes arise from separable systems that have been suggested to seldomly interact. RESULTS Self-regulation strategy use was lower for habitually instigated simple behaviors compared to nonhabitually instigated simple behaviors. However, participants' use of self-regulation strategies increased with the increasing complexity of behaviors, even when complex behaviors were habitually instigated. The difference in the extent of strategy use between habitually and nonhabitually instigated actions was absent when behavioral complexity was particularly high. CONCLUSION These results point to a qualitative distinction-while simple behaviors may progress in a relatively automatic and unthinking manner, complex behaviors receive frequent support from self-regulation strategies, even if they are instigated habitually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Saunders
- Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kimberly R More
- Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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11
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Blicher-Hansen J, Chilcot J, Gardner B. Experiences of successful physical activity maintenance among adults with type 2 diabetes: a theory-based qualitative study. Psychol Health 2024; 39:399-416. [PMID: 35475454 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2063863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 70% of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) fail to achieve the 150 minutes of weekly physical activity (PA) recommended for self-management. Interventions to promote PA adoption in T2D rarely achieve stable maintenance. Analysis of lived experiences of adults with T2D who have successfully transitioned to long-term PA maintenance can build understanding of factors influencing long-term maintenance. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 18 adults with T2D who had transitioned to a lifestyle incorporating maintenance of recommended PA. Interview topics were informed by the three phases of the 'Multi-Process Action Control' (M-PAC) Framework, and explored attitudes, beliefs and experiences relating to PA decision, adoption and the transition to stable maintenance. Transcripts were thematically analysed. FINDINGS Seven themes emerged. Results variously showed that negative affect engendered by T2D diagnosis and inspiration from peers influenced intention formation, and that setting easy, fun goals, and experiencing biopsychosocial gains were important to behaviour adoption. PA maintenance was regulated by habit, expectations of positive affect, and a new sense of identity. CONCLUSION Phase-based frameworks can help understand how regulation of behaviour evolves over time. PA promotion strategies for inactive adults with T2D should be phase-tailored, to help people transition from intentions to maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Blicher-Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Chilcot
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Gardner B, Mainsbridge CP, Rebar AL, Cooley PD, Honan C, O'Brien J, Pedersen SJ. Breaking the Habit? Identifying Discrete Dimensions of Sitting Automaticity and Their Responsiveness to a Sitting-Reduction Intervention. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:55-63. [PMID: 36750501 PMCID: PMC10803392 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that sitting is activated automatically on exposure to associated environments, yet no study has yet sought to identify in what ways sitting may be automatic. METHOD This study used data from a 12-month sitting-reduction intervention trial to explore discrete dimensions of sitting automaticity, and how these dimensions may be affected by an intervention. One hundred ninety-four office workers reported sitting automaticity at baseline, and 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after receiving one of two sitting-reduction intervention variants. RESULTS Principal component analysis extracted two automaticity components, corresponding to a lack of awareness and a lack of control. Scores on both automaticity scales decreased over time post-intervention, indicating that sitting became more mindful, though lack of awareness scores were consistently higher than lack of control scores. CONCLUSION Attempts to break office workers' sitting habits should seek to enhance conscious awareness of alternatives to sitting and afford office workers a greater sense of control over whether they sit or stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Casey P Mainsbridge
- School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - P Dean Cooley
- Active Work Laboratory, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Jane O'Brien
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Scott J Pedersen
- Active Work Laboratory, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia.
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13
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Zhang R, Zhang CQ, Gu D. Integrating perceived physical environments and the theory of planned behaviors when explaining adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in Chinese adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14530. [PMID: 37909309 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Most adolescents worldwide do not meet 24-h movement guidelines, which recommend specific level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for optimal health. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how social cognitive and physical environmental factors influence adolescents' compliance with these guidelines. This prospective study aimed to examine the associations between perceived physical environments, constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), habit strength, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in Chinese adolescents over a three-month period. METHODS A total of 629 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.59 years, SD = 0.64) completed a set of questionnaires comprising perceived physical environmental characteristics, constructs of the TPB, habit strength, and 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and 3 months later. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based structural equation modeling. RESULTS Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had a direct effect on intention and intention had a direct effect on number of the guidelines being met. Habit strength was a significant predictor of adherence to the guidelines, although its moderating effect on the intention-behavior relationship was not significant. Perceived neighborhood facility accessibility, school facility availability, and home physical activity equipment had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. However, constructs of the TPB did not serve as mediators in the relationship between perceived physical environments and the number of guidelines being met. CONCLUSION This study offers preliminary evidence supporting the integration of perceived physical environments and the TPB in predicting adolescents' adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. Future research should consider using experimental study designs with rigorous measures of 24-h movement behaviors to establish causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dacheng Gu
- School of Physical Education & Health, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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14
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira D. Testing Assumptions of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance Model: A Longitudinal Perspective of the Relationships Between Intentions and Habits on Exercise Adherence. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2123-2138. [PMID: 37423760 PMCID: PMC10552348 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231188240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine empirically the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance model (PAAM). We collected data on these variables at baseline (T0) and 6-months later (T1). We recruited 119 participants (42 male, 77 female) aged 18-81 years old (Mage = 44.89, SD = 12.95). who reported, at baseline, that they exercised an average of 3.76 days per week (SD = 1.33) in training periods lasting 15-60 minutes (M = 38.69; SD = 23.28). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test the association between each determinant (intentions, habits, and frequency) and future exercise adherence. We tested four models by entering blocks of predictors according to PAAM assumptions. The variance change (R2) between the first and fourth models (ΔR2 = .391) was statistically significant, showing that the fourth model accounted for 51.2% of variance for future exercise adherence, F (6, 112) = 21.631, p < .001, R2 = .73, adjusted R2 = .512. Exercise intention at T1 maintained its significant association (p = .021) with exercise frequency at T1 in all tested models. Exercise frequency at T0 was the most significant predictor (p < .01) of future exercise adherence, with past experience the second most significant predictor (p = .013). Interestingly, exercise habits at T1 and T0 did not predict exercise frequency at T1 in the fourth model. Among the variables we studied, having constantly high exercise intentions and high regular exercise frequency are significantly associated with maintaining or increasing regular future exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Lusófona University of Humanities and Technology (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
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Phillips LA, Mullan BA. Ramifications of behavioural complexity for habit conceptualisation, promotion, and measurement. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:402-415. [PMID: 35382707 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural theories, predictions, and interventions should be relevant to complex, real-world health behaviours and conditions. Habit theory and habit formation interventions show promise for predicting and promoting, respectively, longer-term behaviour change and maintenance than has been attained with theories and interventions focused only on deliberative behavioural factors. However, the concept of habit has largely been treated as uniform across different types of behaviours. In this conceptual review, we contend that the definitional aspects of habit differ at a conceptual level for simple versus more complex behaviours, with ramifications for prediction, promotion, and measurement of habits. Specifically, habits are defined as direct context-response associations learned through repeatedly rewarded responding - but what is meant by 'response' and 'reward' depends upon the complexity of the behaviour. We review literature that suggests (1) responses in complex habits have separable and substitutable components (vs a single and static, unitary component) and (2) rewards for complex habits are necessarily continued and intrinsic (vs temporary and extrinsic, respectively). We discuss some empirical and theoretical questions raised by these issues around behavioural complexity and habit. Lastly, we outline the ramifications of these issues for habit measurement (habit strength and habit formation) via self-report and objective measures.
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16
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Sproesser G, Aulbach M, Gültzow T, König LM. Do nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and habit strength moderate the association between preference for intuition and deliberation in eating decision-making and dietary intake? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:957-982. [PMID: 36478397 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An intuitive style in eating decision-making, for example, basing decisions on one's gut feeling, has been related to a less healthy diet, whereas deliberately deciding what to eat, such as making plans about eating behavior, has been related to a healthier diet. The present study investigated whether nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and habit strength for healthy and unhealthy eating moderate these relationships. In total, 1245 participants took part in a preregistered cross-sectional online survey. Results revealed that neither nutrition knowledge, nor liking of healthy or unhealthy foods, nor habit strength for healthy or unhealthy eating interacted with the preference for intuition or deliberation in eating decision-making in affecting dietary intake (βs ≤ |.06|; ts ≤ |2.11|; ps ≥ .035). Instead, including the potential moderating variables in analyses rendered the effect of a preference for intuition largely non-significant. In contrast, the positive effect of a preference for deliberation was largely stable even when including the potential moderating variables. Thus, the present study confirms the general health-promoting effect of a preference for deliberation in eating decision-making. In contrast, results speak in favor of a generally minor role of a preference for intuition for healthy or unhealthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Sproesser
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Matthias Aulbach
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Gültzow
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M König
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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17
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McDonald TAM, Lalani S, Chen I, Cotton CM, MacDonald L, Boursoulian LJ, Wang J, Malow BA. Appropriateness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Neurodiversity-Based Self-determination Program for Autistic Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:2933-2953. [PMID: 35618972 PMCID: PMC9934918 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Published self-determination programs do not adequately address the needs of autistic adults. We designed a multi-component self-determination program, grounded in the neurodiversity paradigm, to help autistic adults achieve goals to improve their quality of life. The first phase involved 5 days of psychoeducation, practice, and social events; the second phase included 3 months of telecoaching; and the third phase included follow-up. Thirty-four university students coached 31 autistic adults on three evolving goals. On average, participants completed one goal per week. Most participants were satisfied with the program. We found that the program was appropriate, acceptable, and feasible. This program is a promising approach to helping autistic adults gain self-determination skills and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Meridian McDonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| | - Salima Lalani
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ivy Chen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Claire M Cotton
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lydia MacDonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Lana J Boursoulian
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2218, Australia
| | - Beth A Malow
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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18
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Rodrigues F, Teixeira D. The relationships between passions, intentions, habit and exercise frequency. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:803-811. [PMID: 37496305 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2240622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There were three purposes to this research. First, we sought to test the differential role of harmonious and obsessive passion in predicting intention and habit for exercise. The second goal of this research was to test the associations between intention, habit and exercise frequency. Last, the third goal was to assess the mediation role of intention and habit in the relationship between both forms of passion and exercise frequency. The sample consisted of 284 participants (140 males, 144 females) aged 18-60 years old (M age = 29.81, SD = 9.16). Regression paths of the structural model indicated significant associations: a) harmonious passion was significantly associated with intentions and habit; b) obsessive passion was significantly associated with habit; c) intentions and habit were significantly associated with exercise frequency. The mediation model variance explained was 17% (p < .001). The total effect via harmonious and obsessive passion was β = .57 (IC95% = .42, .73) and the total indirect effect was β = .11 (IC95% = .02, .24). Having harmonious passion for a fitness activity appears to have the potential to increase regular physical activity among exercisers. Individuals who recognize the significance of physical exercise and participate in activities they enjoy the most can affirm the positive effects on their health from being active.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - D Teixeira
- Lusófona University of Humanities and Technology (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Gardner B, Arden MA, Brown D, Eves FF, Green J, Hamilton K, Hankonen N, Inauen J, Keller J, Kwasnicka D, Labudek S, Marien H, Masaryk R, McCleary N, Mullan BA, Neter E, Orbell S, Potthoff S, Lally P. Developing habit-based health behaviour change interventions: twenty-one questions to guide future research. Psychol Health 2023; 38:518-540. [PMID: 34779335 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions. Yet, notable research gaps limit understanding of how to harness habit to change real-world behaviours. METHODS Discussions among health psychology researchers and practitioners, at the 2019 European Health Psychology Society 'Synergy Expert Meeting', generated pertinent questions to guide further research into habit and health behaviour. RESULTS In line with the four topics discussed at the meeting, 21 questions were identified, concerning: how habit manifests in health behaviour (3 questions); how to form healthy habits (5 questions); how to break unhealthy habits (4 questions); and how to develop and evaluate habit-based behaviour change interventions (9 questions). CONCLUSIONS While our questions transcend research contexts, accumulating knowledge across studies of specific health behaviours, settings, and populations will build a broader understanding of habit change principles and how they may be embedded into interventions. We encourage researchers and practitioners to prioritise these questions, to further theory and evidence around how to create long-lasting health behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frank F Eves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Green
- School of Allied Health and Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster (Health Research Institute), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Inauen
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Keller
- Division Health Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland.,NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Labudek
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Marien
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Radomír Masaryk
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nicola McCleary
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara A Mullan
- Behavioural Science and Health Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Efrat Neter
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emeq Hefer, Israel
| | - Sheina Orbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Sebastian Potthoff
- Department of Social Work, Education, and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Stone JY, Mayberry LS, Clouse K, Mulvaney S. The Role of Habit Formation and Automaticity in Diabetes Self-Management: Current Evidence and Future Applications. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:43-58. [PMID: 36749452 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires consistent self-management for optimal health outcomes. People with diabetes are prone to burnout, cognitive burden, and sub-optimal performance of self-management tasks. Interventions that focus on habit formation have the potential to increase engagement by facilitating automaticity of self-management task performance. The purpose of this review is to (1) clarify the conceptualizations of habit formation and behavioral automaticity in the context of health behavior interventions, (2) review the evidence of habit in relation to behaviors relevant to diabetes self-management, and (3) discuss opportunities for incorporating habit formation and automaticity into diabetes self-management interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Modern habit research describes a habit as a behavior that results over time from an automatic mental process. Automatic behaviors are experienced as cue-dependent, goal-independent, unconscious, and efficient. Habit formation requires context-dependent repetition to form cue-behavior associations. Results of diabetes habit studies are mixed. Observational studies have shown positive associations between habit strength and target self-management behaviors such as taking medication and monitoring blood glucose, as well as glycemic outcomes such as HbA1c. However, intervention studies conducted in similar populations have not demonstrated a significant benefit of habit-forming interventions compared to controls, possibly due to varying techniques used to promote habit formation. Automaticity of self-management behaviors has the potential to minimize the burden associated with performance of self-management tasks and ultimately improve outcomes for people with diabetes. Future studies should focus on refining interventions focused on context-dependent repetition to promote habit formation and better measurement of habit automaticity in diabetes self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenine Y Stone
- Vanderbilt University, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- AMCR Institute, Escondido, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kate Clouse
- Vanderbilt University, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Shelagh Mulvaney
- Vanderbilt University, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
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21
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Selem KM, Shoukat MH, Shah SA, de Brito Silva MJ. The dual effect of digital communication reinforcement drivers on purchase intention in the social commerce environment. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:47. [PMID: 36776351 PMCID: PMC9901836 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper draws on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate the dual effect of digital communication reinforcement drivers: positive (i.e., interactivity, argument quality, hedonic motivation, and perceived enjoyment online) and negative (i.e., intrusive concerns and privacy concerns) on purchase intention. This paper also examines the mediation effect of perceived usefulness and the moderation effect of habit. Using a time-lag approach, 490 responses were collected from Pakistan's social media users and then analyzed using SmartPLS v.3.2.8. Findings showed that interactivity, argument quality, and privacy concerns significantly affected purchase intention. Furthermore, perceived usefulness was partially mediated, and habit was discovered to be a significant moderator in liking perceived usefulness with enjoyment online and purchase intention. This paper advances TPB understanding and develops an integrated model for businesses to better understand customer physiology on social commerce platforms through effective contributions in theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M. Selem
- Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Muhammad Haroon Shoukat
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Punjab 43600 Pakistan
| | - Syed Asim Shah
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Punjab 43600 Pakistan
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22
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Williams E, Vardavoulia A, Lally P, Gardner B. Experiences of initiating and maintaining a vegan diet among young adults: A qualitative study. Appetite 2023; 180:106357. [PMID: 36341862 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A vegan diet, which excludes all animal-derived products, has been associated with some improvements in health, while also conferring environmental benefits. Understanding the psychological determinants of successfully switching to a vegan diet will help to inform the design of interventions supporting long-term dietary change. Studies to date have tended to focus on reasoned motives underlying the decision to initiate such a dietary shift. Yet, focusing on reasons for switching may overlook the importance of a broader range of psychological factors that may help or hinder attempts to maintain a vegan diet. This qualitative interview study, the timing of which coincided with UK Covid-19 lockdowns, documented experiences of 20 young adults (17 female; mean age 22y) who attempted to adopt a vegan diet in the past nine months and had or had not successfully maintained this change. Reflexive Thematic Analysis identified five themes surrounding initiation and maintenance. A theme of 'motives, expectations and cues to switching' showed that switching was motivated by ethical or health concerns, and cued by Veganuary, lockdown or health issues. 'The effortfulness of switching' captured experiences of the perceived burden imposed by adhering to the diet due to, for example, a perceived lack of accessible vegan options. The 'flexibility of dietary rules' theme showed that many found the 'no animal products' rule clear but restrictive, so allowed themselves occasional non-meat animal products. 'Social acceptability concerns' captured the importance of acceptance from vegan and non-vegan family and friends, and 'satisfaction with the switch' described the perceived benefits that sustained maintenance for many. Our findings suggest that interventions should seek to support people to overcome potentially unforeseen practical and social challenges to adhering to a vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Williams
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Aikaterini Vardavoulia
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Elizabeth Fry Building, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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23
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Wang W, Wu M, Hua Y, Zhang X, Feng G. Using an integrated model of the theory of planned behavior and the temporal self-regulation theory to explain physical activity in patients with coronary heart disease. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1049358. [PMID: 36874847 PMCID: PMC9975550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1049358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the psychosocial determinants of the physical activity (PA) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) using an integrated theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the temporal self-regulation theory (TST). Method This was a prospective study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China. A total of 279 patients with CHD [176 men aged 26-89 years, mean (M) = 64.69, standard deviation (SD) = 13.17] were selected under the study inclusion criteria by convenience sampling. The data on attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intention variables for the TPB model and consideration of future consequences (CFC), habit, and self-control (SC) variables for the TST model were collected 1-2 days before the discharge (Time 1, T1) of the participants, and a telephone follow-up was made to assess the participants' self-reported PA levels 1 week after their discharge (Time 2, T2). Results The results revealed that only 39.8% of the patients with CHD met the guidelines' recommendations on PA. The data analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) in the Mplus 8.3 modeling program showed that, in the simple mediation model, attitude, PBC, and CFC were positively related to the intention to practice guideline-recommended levels of PA but SN was not. In addition, intention was shown to mediate the relationships between attitude, PBC, CFC, and PA levels. Furthermore, based on the moderated mediating model, intention and habit were shown to be positively associated with PA levels but SC was not. Moreover, SC played a significant moderating role between intention and PA levels. However, habit strength did not moderate the relationship between intention and PA levels. Conclusion An integration of the TPB and TST models offers a good theoretical tool for understanding PA levels in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Wang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yun Hua
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guohe Feng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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Engels L, Mons C, Mergelsberg E, Kothe E, Hamilton K, Gardner B, ten Hoor G, Mullan B. How to improve the diet of toddlers? The feasibility of an online, habit-based intervention targeting parental feeding behaviour. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1020-1037. [DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2134869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Engels
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carlotta Mons
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Enrique Mergelsberg
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Emily Kothe
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | | | - Gill ten Hoor
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mullan
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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25
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Rebar AL, Lally P, Verplanken B, Diefenbacher S, Kwasnicka D, Rhodes RE, Lanzini P, Koutoukidis DA, Venema TAG, Gardner B. Changes in virus-transmission habits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national, repeated measures study. Psychol Health 2022; 37:1626-1645. [PMID: 35899368 PMCID: PMC9615635 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2097682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic saw promotion of novel virus transmission-reduction behaviours, and discouragement of familiar transmission-conducive behaviours. Understanding changes in the automatic nature of such behaviours is important, because habitual behaviours may be more easily reactivated in future outbreaks and disrupting old habits may discontinue unwanted behaviours. DESIGN A repeated-measures, multi-national design tracked virus-transmission habits and behaviour fortnightly over six months (Apr-Sept 2020) among 517 participants (age M = 42 ± 16y, 79% female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Within-participant habit trajectories across all timepoints, and engagement in transmission-reduction behaviours (handwashing when entering home; handwashing with soap for 20 seconds; physical distancing) and transmission-conducive behaviours (coughing/sneezing into hands; making physical contact) summed over the final two timepoints. RESULTS Three habit trajectory types were observed. Habits that remained strong ('stable strong habit') and habits that strengthened ('habit formation') were most common for transmission-reduction behaviours. Erosion of initially strong habits ('habit degradation') was most common for transmission-conducive behaviours. Regression analyses showed 'habit formation' and 'stable strong habit' trajectories were associated with greater behavioural engagement at later timepoints. CONCLUSION Participants typically maintained or formed transmission-reduction habits, which encouraged later performance, and degraded transmission-conducive habits, which decreased performance. Findings suggest COVID-19-preventive habits may be recoverable in future virus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Rebar
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Svenne Diefenbacher
- Department of Social Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Social Monitoring and Methodology, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Pietro Lanzini
- Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tina A. G. Venema
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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26
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Diefenbacher S, Lally P, Gardner B. Habit formation in context: Context‐specific and context‐free measures for tracking fruit consumption habit formation and behaviour. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 28:499-512. [PMID: 36437536 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventions promoting habitual fruit consumption have the potential to bring about long-term behaviour change. Assessing the effectiveness of such interventions requires adequate habit and behaviour measures. Habits are based on learned context-behaviour associations, so measures that incorporate context should be more sensitive to expected habit and behaviour changes than context-free measures. This study compared context-specific and context-free measures of fruit consumption habit and behaviour following a 3-week habit formation intervention. DESIGN Prospective online study (n = 58). METHODS Behaviour frequency was assessed across five timepoints, retrospectively (Time 1 [T1], T5) or via daily diary data (uploaded weekly at T2, T3 and T4). Habit strength was assessed before (T1) and immediately after the intervention (T4), and again 2 weeks later (T5). Analyses of variance were run, with time and context specificity as within-subject factors, and habit and behaviour frequency as dependent measures. RESULTS An interaction between time and context specificity was found in both analyses (habit: F(2,114) = 12.848, p < .001, part.η2 = .184; behaviour: F(2,114) = 6.714, p = .002, part.η2 = .105). Expected habit formation patterns 5 weeks post-baseline were only detected by the context-specific habit measure. Likewise, increased behaviour frequency was only found when the target context was specified (p's < .001). CONCLUSIONS Assessments of purposeful dietary habit and behaviour change attempts should incorporate context-specific measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London London UK
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Physical Movement Habit Formation in Sedentary Office Workers: Protocol Paper. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5060094. [PMID: 36548136 PMCID: PMC9781315 DOI: 10.3390/mps5060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Engaging in physical movement has a number of mental and physical health benefits, and yet 45% of Australia's population do not meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity. The current study aims to develop an online habit-based intervention designed to reduce sedentary behavior within the workplace, using environmental cues to instigate simple behavioral changes. Participants in this study will include full time office workers who self-report as having a highly sedentary job and work from either a commercial office, home office, or a mixture of both. Participants will complete a habit-based intervention over a four-week period designed to reduce sedentary behavior by increasing habitual responses to simple physical movement behaviors cued by their environment. Analysis will involve mixed methods ANOVAs to test the efficacy of the intervention. A successful intervention will show a reduction in sedentary behavior as a response to habitual simple physical movement behaviors.
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Dorina I, Mullan B, Boyes M, Liddelow C. Utility of temporal self‐regulation theory in health and social behaviours: A meta‐analysis. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 28:397-438. [PMID: 36404715 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal self-regulation theory was developed to address an observed intention-behaviour gap across behaviours. However, a synthesis of studies has not yet been conducted to investigate the theory's utility to explain behaviour and bridge the intention-behaviour gap. This review aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of temporal self-regulation theory to understanding behaviour and pre-registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021253174). METHOD Forward citation searches on the original theory publication through Google Scholar until May 2021 identified 37 eligible articles, including, 12,555 participants assessing at least two of the three theory constructs. Random-effects meta-analyses assessed the strength of associations between theory constructs on behaviour and random effects meta-regressions assessed moderators of behaviour. RESULTS Findings provide support for temporal self-regulation theory to explain behaviour with very weak (self-regulatory capacity r = .039, CI = .00, -.07) to moderate (intention r = .331, CI = .26, .40; behavioural pre-potency r = .379, CI = .32, .44) effect sizes. Further, the strength of associations varied across behaviour types and contexts. However, there was high heterogeneity across studies and some moderating effects could not be assessed due to insufficient numbers of studies assessing interactions. CONCLUSIONS We urge researchers to assess and report interactions for better understanding of the drivers of behaviour to develop effective interventions for positive behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indita Dorina
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Behavioural Science and Health Research Group, enAble Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Western Australia Cancer Prevention Unit, enAble Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Behavioural Science and Health Research Group, enAble Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Western Australia Cancer Prevention Unit, enAble Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Caitlin Liddelow
- Behavioural Science and Health Research Group, enAble Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Global Alliance for Mental Health and Sport, School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
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Dsouza JP, Van den Broucke S, Pattanshetty S, Dhoore W. Factors explaining men's intentions to support their partner's participation in cervical cancer screening. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:443. [PMID: 36369003 PMCID: PMC9652784 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer represents a high burden of disease. Many women in low- and middle-income countries face opposition from their partners and families to undergo cervical cancer screening. Identifying the social, cultural, and psychological factors that underly the opposition to screening by male partners is an important step towards reducing barriers for men to support their wives' participation in cervical screening. This study explored the role of structural and psychological factors deriving from theoretical models as determinants of Indian men's opposition to their partners being screened for cervical cancer. METHODS A survey among 500 sexually active males was conducted between April 2020 and August 2020 to measure knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, awareness of screening possibilities, attitude towards screening, perceived barriers to screening, and health literacy. Regression analysis was performed to assess which of the potential factors contributed to the intention to support their wives' screening. RESULTS The majority of participants had very poor knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and screening procedures, tended towards a negative attitude towards screening, and perceived several structural barriers. Attitude towards the screening procedure and routine participation in general screening significantly predicted their intention to support their wives' screening for cervical cancer. Education moderated the association between knowledge and awareness and the intention to support their wives' screening. CONCLUSION As women often rely on their spouses' financial and emotional support of cervical screening, there is a need for men to be encouraged to support their wives' screening participation. Programs to encourage men to support their wives' cervical screening should focus on their attitude towards screening, educate about cervical cancer and screening procedures, and reduce perceived barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoshma Preema Dsouza
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve - Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Institute of Health and Society, School of Public Health, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.
| | - Stephan Van den Broucke
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve - Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sanjay Pattanshetty
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher education, Manipal, India
| | - William Dhoore
- Institute of Health and Society, School of Public Health, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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Zhu L, Hou J, Zhou B, Xiao X, Wang J. The relationship between exercise intention and behavior of Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1006007. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistency between intention and behavior is very common in daily life. This study explored the intention-behavior relationship in exercise, focusing on the mediating effect of action planning and the moderating effects of habit strength and gender. For the purpose of providing theoretical reference for the implementation of intervention strategies in the volitional phase, a total of 489 college students (M-age = 20.61, 57.46% female) from Hubei Province, China, were recruited to complete the questionnaire at two time points. The findings showed that exercise intention could positively predict exercise behavior via the mediating effect of action planning, with the mediating effect accounting for 48.52% of the total effect. The predictive effect of action planning × habit strength interaction on exercise behavior was statistically significant. As individuals’ levels of habitual strength increased, so did the relationship between action plans and exercise behavior. The action planning-exercise behavior relationship was stronger in males than in females. In summary, action planning is a very important predictor of the post-intentional phase and has many advantages. For individuals whose exercise has become habitualized, forming a plan is not counterproductive and can still promote more exercise rather than in a mutually compensating manner.
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Hohman ZP, Peabody J, Neighbors C. Strengthening personalized norm feedback interventions: The ambivalent-attitude effect. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100461. [PMID: 36238696 PMCID: PMC9551079 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized norm feedback effectively reduces heavy drinking in college students. Inducing ambivalence makes norms a stronger predictor of behavior. We predicted that ambivalence before the PNF would lower alcohol intentions. Ambivalent Ps intended to drink less re compared to those low in ambivalence. Ambivalence should be included in personalized norm feedback interventions.
This study investigated the effect of induced attitude ambivalence on the relationship between the personalized norm feedback (PNF) intervention and heavy drinking by college students. College students consume more alcohol and engage in binge drinking at greater rates than most segments of the population. Given the harmful effects of binge drinking and other risky drinking behaviors, it is important to implement effective interventions to reduce alcohol consumption. PNF is an effective intervention for reducing heavy drinking where students compare their drinking and perceptions of normative drinking with actual drinking norms. Past research suggests that inducing ambivalence makes norms a stronger predictor of behavior. We hypothesized that induced attitudinal ambivalence before the PNF intervention would lower intentions to consume alcohol. This study was a one-way design with ambivalence about drinking (high vs low) as the independent variable and intentions to drink alcohol in the future as the dependent variable (N = 338, 76 % female, Mage = 19.76, SD = 2.61). All participants received the PNF intervention after the ambivalence manipulation and before the intentions to drink alcohol measure. Results from the generalized linear model revealed a significant effect for ambivalence, p =.028. As predicted, participants in the high ambivalence condition intended to drink fewer drinks in one sitting in the future compared to those in the low ambivalence condition. These results suggest that ambivalence may play an important role in make PNF interventions more effective, though more research is necessary to untangle the relationship between ambivalence and norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Hohman
- Texas Tech University, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, MS 2051, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Zhang C, Adriaanse MA, Potgieter R, Tummers L, de Wit J, Broersen J, de Bruin M, Aarts H. Habit formation of preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of physical distancing and hand washing. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1588. [PMID: 35987602 PMCID: PMC9392502 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing and hand washing have been used as effective means to reduce virus transmission in the Netherlands. However, these measures pose a societal challenge as they require people to change their customary behaviours in various contexts. The science of habit formation is potentially useful for informing policy-making in public health, but the current literature largely overlooked the role of habit in predicting and explaining these preventive behaviours. Our research aimed to describe habit formation processes of physical distancing and hand washing and to estimate the influences of habit strength and intention on behavioural adherence.
Methods
A longitudinal survey was conducted between July and November 2020 on a representative Dutch sample (n = 800). Respondents reported their intentions, habit strengths, and adherence regarding six context-specific preventive behaviours on a weekly basis. Temporal developments of the measured variables were visualized, quantified, and mapped onto five distinct phases of the pandemic. Regression models were used to test the effects of intention, habit strength, and their interaction on behavioural adherence.
Results
Dutch respondents generally had strong intentions to adhere to all preventive measures and their adherence rates were between 70% and 90%. They also self-reported to experience their behaviours as more automatic over time, and this increasing trend in habit strength was more evident for physical-distancing than for hand washing behaviours. For all six behaviours, both intention and habit strength predicted subsequent adherence (all ps < 2e-16). In addition, the predictive power of intention decreased over time and was weaker for respondents with strong habits for physical distancing when visiting supermarkets (B = -0.63, p <.0001) and having guests at home (B = -0.54, p <.0001) in the later phases of the study, but not for hand washing.
Conclusions
People’s adaptations to physical-distancing and hand washing measures involve both intentional and habitual processes. For public health management, our findings highlight the importance of using contextual cues to promote habit formation, especially for maintaining physical-distancing practices. For habit theories, our study provides a unique dataset that covers multiple health behaviours in a critical real-world setting.
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Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104095. [PMID: 35605335 PMCID: PMC9005242 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying these theories to identify modifiable determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and the mechanisms involved, and their utility in informing interventions. We identify limitations of these applications (e.g., overreliance on correlational data, lack of long-term behavioral follow-up), and suggest how they can be addressed. We demonstrate the virtue of augmenting theories with additional constructs (e.g., moral norms, anticipated regret) and processes (e.g., multiple action phases, automatic processes) to provide comprehensive, parsimonious behavioral explanations. We also outline how the theories contribute to testing mechanisms of action of behavioral interventions. Finally, we recommend future studies applying these theories to inform and test interventions to promote COVID-19 preventive behavior adherence.
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Mumtaz S, Chu AMY, Attiq S, Shah HJ, Wong WK. Habit-Does It Matter? Bringing Habit and Emotion into the Development of Consumer's Food Waste Reduction Behavior with the Lens of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106312. [PMID: 35627848 PMCID: PMC9141669 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The immense food waste, generated by restaurants is not only a serious burden for the foodservice business but also a cause of anguish for the emerging nations in which eating out is becoming increasingly trendy. Consumers’ food wastes account for a significant portion of restaurant food waste, indicating the need for a change in consumers’ behavior to minimize food waste. To examine this problem, our study sought to identify the elements that influence restaurant consumers’ behaviors on food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. The influence of anticipated positive emotions, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, and social norms on waste reduction intentions were examined by using a quantitative technique in the investigation. Furthermore, the influence of habits, waste reduction intentions, and facilitating conditions on food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling behaviors have also been investigated. The study collected 1063 responses and employed the PLS-SEM approach to verify the hypotheses. The results suggested that anticipated positive emotions, awareness of consequences, environmental knowledge, and social norms all have substantial impacts on waste reduction intentions. In addition, habits, waste reduction intentions, and facilitating conditions have noteworthy influences on consumers’ behaviors towards food waste reduction, reuse, and recycling in restaurants. Understanding these elements could help in correcting customers’ waste behaviors in restaurants. The findings in this study are useful for managers, policymakers, and researchers who want to solve the problems of food waste. The implications, limits, and suggestions for further studies have also been discussed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Mumtaz
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Amanda M. Y. Chu
- Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saman Attiq
- Air University School of Management, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan; (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Hassan Jalil Shah
- NUST School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Wing-Keung Wong
- Department of Finance, Fintech & Blockchain Research Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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Ohtomo S, Kimura R. The effect of habit on preventive behaviors: a two-wave longitudinal study to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:480-497. [PMID: 35600087 PMCID: PMC9122370 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2075876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a continuing global threat. This study examined the effect of habit on the motivational aspects of COVID-19 preventive behaviors using a dual-motivation model, which hypothesizes that intentional and reactive motivations determine behavior. This study assumes that habit influences behaviors through the antecedents of the model and the interaction effects of intentional motivation × habit and reactive motivation × habit. Design: This study conducted a longitudinal survey of 300 Japanese participants to predict preventive behaviors two weeks after the first survey. Moreover, it measured past and future COVID-19 self-reported preventive behaviors, attitudes, behavioral intentions, behavioral willingness, subjective and descriptive norms, self-efficacy, behavioral controls, and habits. Results: The results showed the interaction effects of behavioral intention × habit and behavioral willingness × habit on preventive behaviors in addition to the effect of past behavior. The stronger the effect of habit, the stronger is the effect of behavioral intention and the weaker the effect of behavioral willingness. Conclusion: The habituation of preventive behaviors strengthens the behavioral intention–behavior consistency. This study suggested that habit is an important factor for overcoming psychological barriers and for establishing preventive behaviors in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Ohtomo
- College of Interhuman Symbiotic Studies, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reo Kimura
- School of Human and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Japan
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Hamilton HR, Armeli S, Tennen H. To drink or not to drink: When drinking intentions predict alcohol consumption and consequences. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:516-533. [PMID: 34545657 PMCID: PMC8934747 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined daily associations between drinking intentions and drinking behaviour and tested past drinking behaviour and current social environment as potential moderators of the daily intention-behaviour association. We expected both more frequent past drinking and being in a high drinking environment to weaken the intention-behaviour association. We also tested intentionality as a moderator of the association between alcohol consumption and next-day negative outcomes, expecting that less intentional alcohol consumption would be related to greater stress and regret. DESIGN We tested these hypotheses using two separate micro-longitudinal studies of college students (Ns = 1,641, 540). METHODS In two samples, participants completed bursts of data collection in which they indicated their previous alcohol consumption and then completed 30 days of diary surveys in which they reported their alcohol consumption and social environment the previous evening and their levels of stress, regret, and drinking intentions that day. RESULT Consistent with our predictions, drinking intentions more strongly predicted drinking behaviour among individuals with less frequent past drinking behaviour, and, in Sample 1, drinking intentions more strongly predicted drinking behaviour among individuals in a low drinking environment. Contrary to hypotheses, results indicated that individuals with low drinking intentions were more likely to experience stress the next day, particularly if they consumed less alcohol. Greater consumption, however, was related to greater odds of experiencing regret, but this was stronger among individuals with higher drinking intentions. CONCLUSIONS Findings are discussed in terms of the complex interplay between intentions and both social environment and contextual factors with respect to predicting drinking level and related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Howard Tennen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
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Alotumi M. Factors influencing graduate students' behavioral intention to use Google Classroom: Case study-mixed methods research. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 27:10035-10063. [PMID: 35431601 PMCID: PMC8995886 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blended learning combines face-to-face instruction and online learning experiences. It capitalizes on online learning management systems, one of which is Google Classroom (GC). Nevertheless, empirical investigations have mirrored literature gaps in understanding how the GC platform affects students' behavioral intention to harness it for web-based learning. Therefore, this case study applied a modified version of the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) as a theoretical underpinning to examine factors influencing graduate students' behavioral intention to utilize the GC platform. Employing mixed methods explanatory sequential design, the study first analyzed survey data from 23 EFL graduate students implementing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Subsequently, it conducted a qualitative stage carrying out semi-structured interviews for data collection and thematic analysis for its evaluation. The study through PLS-SEM results revealed that the most crucial determinant of students' behavioral intention toward the GC platform was habit, which hung on facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation. Besides, it evinced facilitating conditions as the most important performing interaction factor in determining graduate students' behavioral intention. Nonetheless, it indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation had no direct effect on behavioral intention. The follow-up qualitative findings explained that since the students mainly used the GC platform off-campus, the GC App on their smartphones and the interesting content on the GC platform sustained their habitual tendencies toward employing the GC platform. Accordingly, the study explicates implications and recommendations for theory, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohialdeen Alotumi
- Department of English, Faculty of Languages, Sana'a University, P.O. Box 14317, Sana'a, Yemen
- Sana'a, Yemen
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Green SMC, French DP, Hall LH, Bartlett YK, Rousseau N, Raine E, Parbutt C, Gardner B, Smith SG. Co-development of a text messaging intervention to support adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with breast cancer: A mixed-methods approach (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e38073. [DOI: 10.2196/38073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
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Gardner B, Rebar AL, Lally P. How does habit form? Guidelines for tracking real-world habit formation. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2041277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda L. Rebar
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Tapper K, Yarrow K, Farrar S, Mandeville K. Effects of calorie labelling and contextual factors on hypothetical coffee shop menu choices. Appetite 2022; 172:105963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gardner B. Habit and behavioural complexity: habitual instigation and execution as predictors of simple and complex behaviours. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Mullan B, Olivier C, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C. Mind the gap: Habit and self-determined motivation predict health behaviours in middle-aged and older adults. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:1095-1113. [PMID: 33938096 PMCID: PMC8519144 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption are two key health behaviours associated with the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults. The present research investigated how habit and self-determined motivation interact with intention to prospectively predict physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in middle-aged and older adults. DESIGN A prospective correlational design (two data collection points) was used. METHODS A convenience sample of 195 adults completed online questionnaires measuring intention, habit, and self-determined motivation. One week later, 177 participants (67.2% female), aged 52-87 years (M = 61.50, SD = 5.90), completed self-report measures of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption over the previous week. RESULTS Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. For physical activity, the model explained 46% of the variance in behaviour, F(8, 168) = 17.88, p < .001 and a large effect size (ƒ2 = .85). Two-way interactions contributed an additional 3.70% of unique variance in physical activity, F(3, 165) = 4.07, p = .008, ƒ2 = .04. For fruit and vegetable consumption, the model explained 19.20% of the variance in behaviour, F(5, 171) = 8.13, p < .001 and a medium effect size (ƒ2 = .24). Two-way interactions did not significantly improve the model, F(3, 168) = 1.68, p = .174. CONCLUSIONS Habit and self-determined motivation were both important in narrowing the intention-behaviour gap for two key health behaviours, and combining these processes may better inform strategies to support people's intentions to improve these health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mullan
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research GroupSchool of PsychologyCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Claudia Olivier
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research GroupSchool of PsychologyCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Physical Activity and Well‐Being Research GroupSchool of PsychologyCurtin UniversityWestern Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen‐Ntoumani
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research GroupSchool of PsychologyCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Physical Activity and Well‐Being Research GroupSchool of PsychologyCurtin UniversityWestern Australia
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Aulbach MB, Konttinen H, Gardner B, Kujala E, Araujo-Soares V, Sniehotta FF, Lintunen T, Haukkala A, Hankonen N. A dual process model to predict adolescents' screen time and physical activity. Psychol Health 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34662259 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1988598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many adolescents report a lack of physical activity (PA) and excess screen time (ST). Psychological theories aiming to understand these behaviours typically focus on predictors of only one behaviour. Yet, behaviour enactment is often a choice between options. This study sought to examine predictors of PA and ST in a single model. Variables were drawn from dual process models, which portray behaviour as the outcome of deliberative and automatic processes. DESIGN 411 Finnish vocational school students (age 17-19) completed a survey, comprising variables from the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) and automaticity pertaining to PA and ST, and self-reported PA and ST four weeks later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported time spent on PA and ST and their predictors. RESULTS PA and ST correlated negatively (r = -.17, p = .03). Structural equation modelling revealed that intentions and habit for PA predicted PA while ST was predicted by intentions and habit for ST and negatively by PA intentions. RAA-cognitions predicted intentions. CONCLUSION PA and ST and their psychological predictors seem to be weakly interlinked. Future studies should assess more behaviours and related psychological influences to get a better picture of connections between different behaviours. HighlightsPhysical activity and screen time are largely mutually exclusive classes of behaviours and might therefore be related in terms of their psychological predictors.411 adolescent vocational school students self-reported variables from the Reasoned Action Approach and behavioural automaticity related to physical activity and leisure time screen time behaviours as well as those behaviours.Structural equation modelling revealed expected within-behaviour predictions but, against expectations, no strong connections between the two behaviour classes in terms of their predictors. Only intentions to engage in physical activity negatively predicted screen time.Future research should aim to measure a wider range of mutually exclusive classes of behaviours that cover a large share of the day to uncover relations between behaviours and their respective predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Emilia Kujala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Araujo-Soares
- Population Health Science Institute, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle, U.K.,Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, BMS, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Population Health Science Institute, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle, U.K.,Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social sciences, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Taru Lintunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ari Haukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Abstract
Efforts to guide peoples' behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable investigators to identify when and how behavior change strategies will be most effective. How might attitudinally driven behavior change be consolidated into lasting habits? How do habits protect the individual against the vicissitudes of attitudes and temptations and promote goal achievement? How might attitudinal approaches aiming to change habits be improved by capitalizing on habit discontinuities and strategic planning? When and how might changing or creating habit architecture shape habits directly? A systematic approach to these questions might help move behavior change efforts from attitude change strategies to habit change strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Verplanken
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;
| | - Sheina Orbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom;
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46
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Williamson LZ, Wilkowski BM. What we repeatedly do: Evaluating the determinants and consequences of habit enactment during daily goal-pursuit. Br J Psychol 2021; 113:1-24. [PMID: 34331334 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many theorists have stressed the benefits of goal-conducive habits. However, past research has not yet demonstrated that habits benefit goal-pursuit in daily life independently of more effortful forms of goal-pursuit. Additionally, it is unclear if habits are triggered independently of conscious self-regulatory processes. To address these issues, we conducted three intensive experience sampling studies. We found that habitual behaviours facilitated goal-progress independently of effortful goal-directed behaviours. Additionally, we evaluated three sets of predictions regarding the relationship between habits and other effortful self-regulatory processes. The goal-independent account suggests that habits function independently of planning and testing processes. The goal-dependent account suggests that habits are influenced by these processes, and the hybrid account suggests that these processes indirectly influence habits through their association with contextual cue exposure. The results were consistent with the hybrid account, in that planning and testing were associated with habit enactment, but this association was mediated by contextual cue exposure. Collectively, our results suggest that one must consider both conscious self-regulatory processes and automatic cue-response associations to understand how the benefits of goal-conducive habits are realized in daily life.
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47
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Rhodes RE, Cox A, Sayar R. What Predicts the Physical Activity Intention-Behavior Gap? A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:1-20. [PMID: 34231844 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in many leading theories and yet intention-behavior discordance is prevalent. PURPOSE To theme and appraise the variables that have been evaluated as potential moderators of the intention-physical activity (I-PA) relationship using the capability-opportunity-motivation- behavior model as an organizational frame. METHODS Literature searches were concluded in August 2020 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were selected from English language peer-reviewed journals and had to report an empirical test of moderation of I-PA with a third variable. Findings were grouped by the moderator variable for the main analysis, and population sample, study design, type of PA, and study quality were explored in subanalyses. RESULTS The search yielded 1,197 hits, which was reduced to 129 independent studies (138 independent samples) of primarily moderate quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Moderators of the I-PA relationship were present among select variables within sociodemographic (employment status) and personality (conscientiousness) categories. Physical capability, and social and environmental opportunity did not show evidence of interacting with I-PA relations, while psychological capability had inconclusive findings. By contrast, key factors underlying reflective (intention stability, intention commitment, low goal conflict, affective attitude, anticipated regret, perceived behavioral control/self-efficacy) and automatic (identity) motivation were moderators of I-PA relations. Findings were generally invariant to study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Traditional intention theories may need to better account for key I-PA moderators. Action control theories that include these moderators may identify individuals at risk for not realizing their PA intentions. Prospero # CRD42020142629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amy Cox
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Reza Sayar
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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48
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Gardner B, Richards R, Lally P, Rebar A, Thwaite T, Beeken RJ. Breaking habits or breaking habitual behaviours? Old habits as a neglected factor in weight loss maintenance. Appetite 2021; 162:105183. [PMID: 33651994 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining weight loss requires long-term behaviour change. Theory and evidence around habitual behaviour - i.e., action triggered by impulses that are automatically activated upon exposure to cues, due to learned cue-action associations - can aid development of interventions to support weight loss maintenance. Specifically, weight loss is more likely to be sustained where people develop new habits that support weight management, and break old habits that may undermine such efforts. Interventions seeking to break 'bad' weight-related habits have focused on inhibiting unwanted impulses or avoiding cues. This paper draws attention to the possibility that while such approaches may discontinue habitual behaviour, underlying habit associations may remain. We use evidence from existing qualitative studies to demonstrate that, left unchecked, unwanted habit associations can render people prone to lapsing into old patterns of unhealthy behaviours when motivation or willpower is momentarily weakened, or when returning to familiar settings following temporarily discontinued exposure. We highlight six behaviour change techniques especially suited to disrupting habit associations, but show that these techniques have been underused in weight loss maintenance interventions to date. We call for intervention developers and practitioners to adopt techniques conducive to forming new habit associations to directly override old habits, and to use the persistence of unwanted habit associations as a potential indicator of long-term weight loss intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phillippa Lally
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Rebar
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Tanya Thwaite
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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49
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Di Blasio A, Morano T, Lancia F, Viscioni G, Di Iorio A, Grossi S, Cianchetti E, Cugusi L, Gobbo S, Bergamin M, D’Eugenio A, Masini L, Rinaldi M, Scognamiglio MT, Vamvakis A, Napolitano G. Effects of Activity Tracker-Based Counselling and Live-Web Exercise on Breast Cancer Survivors during Italy COVID-19 Lockdown. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:50. [PMID: 34207765 PMCID: PMC8293416 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent and fight the increase of daily sedentary time and to promote and stimulate the positive effects of physical activity and exercise on health, both traditional interventions and new strategies are important for breast cancer survivors (BCS). The research goal was to compare the effects of weekly personal feedback, based on objectively measured physical activity, on the trends of both daily sedentary time and on the physical activity of BCS (E- group) with those of an intervention also including online supervised physical exercise sessions (E+ group), during the Italy COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS The Italian COVID-19 emergency allowed the possibility to also observe the effects of social and personal limitations. A total of 51 BCS were studied over an 18-week period and had an objective registration of day-to-day sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep. Both subsamples received weekly or fortnight personal feedback. Data were analysed considering four key periods, according to the COVID-19 emergency steps. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed an additive effect for sedentary time and a multiplicative effect both for light-to vigorous and light-intensity physical activities. The E- group had a high overall sedentary time and a different trend of light-to vigorous and light-intensity physical activities, with a reduction from the 1st to the 2nd periods (national and personal restrictions), showing a significant rise just at the end of the national restrictions. CONCLUSIONS The use of an activity tracker and its accompanying app, with the reception of weekly tailored advice and supervised online physical exercise sessions, can elicit proper physical activity recomposition in BCS in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Teresa Morano
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Federica Lancia
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Gianluca Viscioni
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Angelo Di Iorio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Simona Grossi
- Eusoma Breast Centre, “G. Bernabeo” Hospital, ASL02 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, c.da S. Liberata, 66026 Ortona, Italy; (S.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Ettore Cianchetti
- Eusoma Breast Centre, “G. Bernabeo” Hospital, ASL02 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, c.da S. Liberata, 66026 Ortona, Italy; (S.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Bergamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna D’Eugenio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Laura Masini
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Massimo Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Maria Teresa Scognamiglio
- Eusoma Breast Centre, “G. Bernabeo” Hospital, ASL02 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, c.da S. Liberata, 66026 Ortona, Italy; (S.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Anastasios Vamvakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi L. 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (T.M.); (F.L.); (G.V.); (A.D.I.); (A.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (G.N.)
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50
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Stojanovic M, Fries S, Grund A. Self-Efficacy in Habit Building: How General and Habit-Specific Self-Efficacy Influence Behavioral Automatization and Motivational Interference. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643753. [PMID: 34025512 PMCID: PMC8137900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we investigate the role of self-efficacy (SE) in intentional habit building. We analyzed event sampling data from a habit building app we created that helps define and track habit data. We used hierarchical growth curve modeling and multilevel mediation to test our hypotheses. In a first study, N = 91 university students built new study habits over a period of 6 weeks in a controlled study. We found that the trait-like (Level 2) general self-efficacy predicted automaticity (i.e., habit strength) but not the experience of motivational interference (MI). In a second study with real user data, N = 265 idiographic habits have been analyzed. The specific SE associated with these habits – habit-specific self-efficacy (Level 1, HSE) – was measured during habit formation. We found that lagged HSE predicted automaticity and that lagged automaticity predicted HSE, indicating a positive feedback mechanism in habit building. Furthermore, we found that lagged HSE predicted less MI during habit performance. A multilevel mediation analysis showed significant effects of lagged HSE (Level 1) and aggregated HSE (Level 2) on MI, which were both partially mediated by automaticity. These results show the importance of defining the specificity of SE beliefs and how they interact with automaticity in the habit building process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stojanovic
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Fries
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Axel Grund
- Dr. phil. habil. Axel Grund Research Scientist Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing - LUCET Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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