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Zhao J, Chen J, Li C, Xiang H, Miao X. Hyaluronidase overcomes the extracellular matrix barrier to enhance local drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114474. [PMID: 39191305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The stratum corneum of the skin presents the initial barrier to transdermal penetration. The dense structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) further impedes local drug dispersion. Hyaluronidase (HAase) is a key component for the degradation of glycosidic bonding sites in hyaluronic acid (HA) within the ECM to overcome this barrier and enhance drug dispersion. HAase activity is optimal at 37-45 °C and in the pH range 4.5-5.5. Numerous FDA-approved formulations are available for the clinical treatment of extravasation and other diseases. HAase combined with various new nanoformulations can markedly improve intradermal dispersion. By degrading HA to create tiny channels that reduce the ECM density, these small nanoformulations then use these channels to deliver drugs to deeper layers of the skin. This deep penetration may increase local drug concentration or facilitate penetration into the blood or lymphatic circulation. Based on the generalization of 114 studies from 2010 to 2024, this article summarizes the most recent strategies to overcome the HAase-based ECM barrier for local drug delivery, discusses opportunities and challenges in clinical applications, and provides references for the future development of HAase. In the future, HAase-assisted topical administration is necessary to achieve systemic effects and to standardize HAase application protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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2
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Tangdilintin F, Achmad AA, Stephanie, Sulistiawati S, Enggi CK, Wahyudin E, Rahman L, Nainu F, Manggau MA, Permana AD. Development of Transdermal Formulation Integrating Polymer-Based Solid Microneedles and Thermoresponsive Gel Fucoidan for Antiaging: Proof of Concept Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18451-18465. [PMID: 39169662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Skin can be damaged by intense and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photoaging and acute damage from sun exposure result in collagen degradation and enzymatic activity decline in the skin. Fucoidan (FUC) exhibits potential antiaging properties, including collagen synthesis promotion and enzyme activity inhibition. However, FUC's limited ability to penetrate the skin layers due to its large molecular weight makes it a challenge for topical application. In this study, we successfully developed a new approach by integrating thermoresponsive gel (TRG) containing FUC with solid microneedles (SMNs) as a delivery system. TRG is formulated using a combination of Pluronic F127 (PF127) and Pluronic F68 (PF68) polymers, while SMNs are made from a mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) polymers with a variety of cross-linkers. Based on the results of ex vivo testing, it was shown that more than 80% of FUC can be delivered using the optimized formula. Furthermore, the results of the in vitro blood hemolytic test showed that TRG-FUC-SMNs were relatively biocompatible. In vivo antiaging activity tests using a rat model exposed to UV for 14 days showed that histological assessment, skin elasticity measurement, wrinkle evaluation, and skin moisture content had no significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to the positive control group. In contrast, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed when comparing the TRG-FUC-SMNs group with the group that received only TRG-FUC without pretreatment and negative controls. These findings suggest that FUC has potential to be delivered using the TRG system in combination with SMNs to harness its antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Elly Wahyudin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Latifah Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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3
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Nimrawi S, Gannett P, Kwon YM. Inorganic nanoparticles incorporated with transdermal drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1349-1362. [PMID: 39215444 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2399710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is becoming more recognized as a noninvasive method particularly suitable for vulnerable populations. TDD offers an alternative to oral drug delivery, bypassing issues related to poor absorption and metabolism. However, the application of TDD is limited to a few drugs due to the skin's barrier. Various techniques, including passive methods like nanoparticles (NPs), are being explored to enhance drug permeability through the skin. AREAS COVERED This review shows the benefit of incorporating inorganic NPs with TDD in improving drug delivery through the skin. Despite the potential of these techniques, there are currently only a few research studies that utilize them. This review addresses the scarcity of research incorporating inorganic NPs with TDD. It also aims to summarize both inorganic NPs and TDD in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting the advantages of incorporating these novel drug delivery systems with each other. EXPERT OPINION Given the potential benefits of incorporating inorganic NPs into TDD systems, there is a need for increased research and attention in this area. The review encourages scientists to address the existing research gap and explore the advantages of combining these innovative drug delivery systems to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukaina Nimrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Peter Gannett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Young M Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Chen Q, Yi S, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Ma K, Zhu L. Contribution of Continued Dermal Exposure of PFAS-Containing Sunscreens to Internal Exposure: Extrapolation from In Vitro and In Vivo Tests to Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39155535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in sunscreen products as either active ingredients or impurities. They may penetrate the human skin barrier and then pose potential health risks. Herein, we aimed to develop a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model capable of predicting the body loading of PFASs after repeated, long-term dermal application of commercial sunscreens. Ten laboratory-prepared sunscreens, generally falling into two categories of water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) sunscreens, were subject to in vitro percutaneous penetration test to assess the impacts of four sunscreen ingredients on PFAS penetration. According to the results, two sunscreen formulas representing W/O and O/W types that mostly enhanced PFAS dermal absorption were then selected for a subsequent 30 day in vivo exposure experiment in mice. PBTK models were successfully established based on the time-dependent PFAS concentrations in mouse tissues (R2 = 0.885-0.947) and validated through another 30 day repeated exposure experiment in mice using two commercially available sunscreens containing PFASs (R2 = 0.809-0.835). The PBTK model results suggest that applying sunscreen of the same amount on a larger skin area is more conducive to PFAS permeation, thus enhancing the exposure risk. This emphasizes the need for caution in practical sunscreen application scenarios, particularly during the summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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5
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Park JS, Seo JH, Jeong MY, Yang IG, Kim JS, Kim JH, Ho MJ, Jin SG, Choi MK, Choi YS, Kang MJ. Carboxymethyl cellulose-based rotigotine nanocrystals-loaded hydrogel for increased transdermal delivery with alleviated skin irritation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122197. [PMID: 38763711 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal rotigotine (RTG) therapy is prescribed to manage Parkinson's disease (Neupro® patch). However, its use is suffered from application site reactions. Herein, drug nanocrystalline suspension (NS)-loaded hydrogel (NS-HG) employing polysaccharides simultaneously as suspending agent and hydrogel matrix was constructed for transdermal delivery, with alleviated skin irritation. RTG-loaded NS-HG was prepared using a bead-milling technique, employing sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose (Na.CMC) as nano-suspending agent (molecular weight 90,000 g/mol) and hydrogel matrix (700,000 g/mol), respectively. NS-HG was embodied as follows: drug loading: ≤100 mg/mL; shape: rectangular crystalline; crystal size: <286.7 nm; zeta potential: -61 mV; viscosity: <2.16 Pa·s; and dissolution rate: >90 % within 15 min. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed that the anionic polymers bind to RTG nanocrystals via charge interaction, affording uniform dispersion in the matrix. Rodent transdermal absorption of RTG from NS-HG was comparable to that from microemulsions, and proportional to drug loading. Moreover, NS-HG was skin-friendly; erythema and epidermal swelling were absent after repeated application. Further, NS-HG was chemically stable; >95 % of the drug was preserved up to 4 weeks under long term (25 °C/RH60%), accelerated (40 °C/RH75%), and stress (50 °C) storage conditions. Therefore, this novel cellulose derivative-based nanoformulation presents a promising approach for effective transdermal RTG delivery with improved tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Y, Bei Z, Li M, Qiu K, Ren J, Chu B, Zhao Y, Qian Z. Biomaterials for non-invasive trans-tympanic drug delivery: requirements, recent advances and perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7787-7813. [PMID: 39044544 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Various non-invasive delivery systems have recently been developed as an alternative to conventional injections. Local transdermal administration represents the most attractive method due to the low systemic side effects, excellent ease of administration, and persistent drug release. The tympanic membrane (TM), a major barrier between the outer and middle ear, has a similar structure of the stratum corneum compared to the surface of the skin. After several attempts, non-invasive trans-tympanic drug delivery has been regarded as a promising option in the treatment of middle and inner ear diseases. The round window membrane (RWM) was a possible non-invasive delivery approach from the middle to inner ear. The improved permeability of nanocarriers crossing the RWM is a current hotspot in therapeutics for inner ear diseases. In this review, we include the latest studies exploring non-invasive trans-tympanic delivery to treat middle and inner ear diseases. Both passive and active delivery systems are described. A summary of the benefits and disadvantages of various delivery systems in clinical practice and production procedures is introduced. Finally, future possible approaches for its effective application as a non-invasive middle and inner ear drug delivery system are characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhongwu Bei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Baumann F, Paul T, Ossmann S, Enke D, Aigner A. Mesoporous Silica-Based Membranes in Transdermal Drug Delivery: The Role of Drug Loss in the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:995. [PMID: 39204340 PMCID: PMC11358937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to other forms of drug administration, the use of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) offers significant advantages, including uniform drug release profiles that contribute to lower side effects and higher tolerability, avoidance of direct exposure to the gastrointestinal tract, better patient compliance due to their non-invasive means of application and others. Mesoporous silica membranes are of particular interest in this regard, due to their chemical stability and their tunable porous system, with adjustable pore sizes, pore volumes and surface chemistries. While this allows for fine-tuning and, thus, the development of optimized TDDSs with high loading capacities and the desired release profile of a given drug, its systemic availability also relies on skin penetration. In this paper, using a TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes in Franz cell experiments on porcine skin, we demonstrate surprisingly substantial drug loss during skin penetration. Drug passage through porcine skin was found to be dependent on the age and pre-treatment of the skin. pH and temperature were major determinants of drug recovery rates as well, indicating drug loss in the skin by enzymatic metabolization. Regarding the TDDS, higher loading obtained by SO3H surface modification of the mesoporous silica membranes reduced drug loss. Still, high loss rates in the skin were determined for different drugs, including anastrozole, xylazine and imiquimod. We conclude that, beyond the fine-tuned drug release profiles from the mesoporous silica membrane TDDS, remarkably high drug loss in the skin is a major issue for achieving desired skin penetration and, thus, the systemic availability of drugs. This also poses critical requirements for defining an optimal TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Baumann
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Theresa Paul
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Susann Ossmann
- Leipzig Heart Center, University Department for Cardiac Surgery, 04289 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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8
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Haghsay Khashechi E, Afaghmehr A, Heydari N, Barfar A, Shokri J. Laser-mediated Solutions: Breaking Barriers in Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:142. [PMID: 38898170 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases pose challenges in treatment due to the skin's complex structure and protective functions. Topical drug delivery has emerged as a preferred method for treating these conditions, offering localized therapy with minimal systemic side effects. However, the skin's barrier properties frequently limit topical treatments' efficacy by preventing drug penetration into deeper skin layers. In recent years, laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) has gained attention as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. LADD involves using lasers to create microchannels in the skin, facilitating the deposition of drugs and enhancing their penetration into the target tissue. Several lasers, such as fractional CO2, have been tested to see how well they work at delivering drugs. Despite the promising outcomes demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, several challenges persist in implementing LADD, including limited penetration depth, potential tissue damage, and the cost of LADD systems. Furthermore, selecting appropriate laser parameters and drug formulations is crucial to ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, LADD holds significant potential for improving treatment efficacy for various skin conditions, including skin cancers, scars, and dermatological disorders. Future research efforts should focus on optimizing LADD techniques, addressing safety concerns, and exploring novel drug formulations to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this innovative approach. With continued advancements in laser technology and pharmaceutical science, LADD has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and enhance patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niloofar Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Shokri
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mancuso A, d’Avanzo N, Cristiano MC, Paolino D. Reflectance spectroscopy: a non-invasive strategy to explore skin reactions to topical products. Front Chem 2024; 12:1422616. [PMID: 38957405 PMCID: PMC11217347 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1422616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Reflectance spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in the field of dermatology, offering a non-invasive strategy to assess several cutaneous properties and skin response to topical products. By analyzing reflected light across different wavelengths, reflectance spectroscopy allows the quantification of cutaneous parameters, such as erythema index and melanin content. Moreover, this analytical technique enables the monitoring of any changes in skin physiology facilitating the assessment of long-term effects of topical products as well as predicting cutaneous diseases. This review provides an overview of the application of reflectance spectroscopy in investigating skin properties and reaction to topical applied products, including both pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, thereby aiding in the development of personalized solutions tailored to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center “ProHealth Translational Hub”, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d’Avanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center “ProHealth Translational Hub”, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center “ProHealth Translational Hub”, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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10
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Esposito E, Pecorelli A, Ferrara F, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Feeding the Body Through the Skin: Ethosomes and Transethosomes as a New Topical Delivery System for Bioactive Compounds. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:53-78. [PMID: 38941493 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Because the feeding of our body through the oral route can be associated with many drawbacks due to the degradation of natural molecules during transit in the gastrointestinal tract, a transdermal delivery strategy, usually employed in the pharmaceutical field, can present an effective alternative for delivery of bioactives and nutrients from foods. In this review, the chance to feed the body with nutritive and bioactive molecules from food through transdermal administration is discussed. Various nanotechnological devices employed for topical and transdermal delivery of bioactive compounds are described. In addition, mechanisms underlying their potential use in the delivery of nutritive molecules, as well as their capability to efficaciously reach the dermis and promote systemic distribution, are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Ejaz S, Roper C, Finlayson Z, Saitta KS, McCarthy T, Sun F, Southall MD. A comparative study of the in vitro dermal absorption of radiolabeled benzophenone through human skin. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105835. [PMID: 38679218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Octocrylene is a common sun filter ingredient used to protect the skin from damaging UV rays. Benzophenone is an impurity found in formulations containing octocrylene. [14C]-Benzophenone was spiked (0.1 g/L) into 2 commercial sunscreen formulations; Neutrogena® Beach Defense Sunscreen Spray Broad Spectrum SPF 70 Aerosol, Neutrogena® Ultra Sheer Body Mist Sunscreen Broad Spectrum SPF 30 Aerosol, and an acetone vehicle. The formulations were applied (ca 2 μL/cm2) to dermatomed human skin mounted in static diffusion cells in vitro. Receptor fluid was collected up to 24 h post dose. All samples were analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. The dermal delivery of [14C]-Benzophenone was 10.02, 9.04 and 5.19% for the 3 formulations. However, the [14C]-Benzophenone mass balances were low; 81.5, 85.3 and 8.02%, respectively. A volatility test was performed replacing skin with aluminum foil for the sunscreen formulations only. The [14C]-Benzophenone mass balance at dosing was 99% but fell to 56.9 and 60.6% at 24 h post dose, confirming the losses were due to [14C]-Benzophenone volatility. A conservative dermal absorption value of 12.42% was proposed to cover [14C]-Benzophenone containing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaff Ejaz
- Kenvue Inc., 199 Grandview Rd, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA.
| | - Clive Roper
- Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, 6 St Colme Street, Edinburgh EH3 6AD, UK
| | - Zoe Finlayson
- Charles River Laboratories, Tranent, Edinburgh EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Kyle S Saitta
- Kenvue Inc., 199 Grandview Rd, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
| | | | - Frank Sun
- Kenvue Inc., 199 Grandview Rd, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
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12
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Bubna AK. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of topical tretinoin 0.05% cream and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment plus iontophoresis in the management of palmoplantar psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:599-606. [PMID: 38323717 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmoplantar psoriasis (PPP) is a localized variant of psoriasis that may be resistant to topical therapy, owing to the poor penetrability of topical agents at this anatomical site. Modalities that enhance localized cutaneous delivery of drugs could help to solve this problem. Iontophoresis is one such procedure that augments transdermal drug delivery, thus enabling better and expeditious therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in treating patients with PPP. METHODS Sixty patients with PPP (28 males and 32 females, age range 8-76 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups comprising 30 patients each. One group (12 males and 18 females) received iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream; the other (16 males and 14 females) received iontophoresis treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Both groups received treatment weekly from baseline until 4 weeks and then fortnightly at weeks 6 and 8. Clinical images were taken at each visit and improvement of psoriasis was evaluated using the erythema, scaling, induration and fissuring (ESIF) score. The percentage reduction in ESIF score was also assessed on completion of treatment and the grade of improvement noted for each patient. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients in the iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream group and 29 in the iontophoresis treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment group completed the study. The mean (SD) ESIF score in the former decreased significantly from 8.7 (2) at baseline to 3.2 (1.7) at the study endpoint (P < 0.001). Similarly, in the latter group, there was a substantial reduction in mean (SD) ESIF score from 8.2 (1.9) at baseline to 3.3 (1.1) at the study end (P < 0.001). No significant adverse effects were encountered in either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Iontophoresis using tretinoin and tacrolimus was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of PPP. Although iontophoresis with tretinoin showed slightly better results than with tacrolimus, these were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar Bubna
- Department of Dermatology, Al-Karim University Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
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Dunnington EL, Wong BS, Fu D. Innovative Approaches for Drug Discovery: Quantifying Drug Distribution and Response with Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7926-7944. [PMID: 38625100 PMCID: PMC11108735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Durmaz K, Misbach M, Danoy A, Salvi JP, Bloch E, Bourrelly S, Verrier B, Sohier J. An innovative Fuller's earth-based film-forming formulation for skin decontamination, through removal and entrapment of an organophosphorus compound, paraoxon-ethyl. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134190. [PMID: 38593659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), such as VX, pose a significant threat due to their neurotoxic and hazardous properties. Skin decontamination is essential to avoid irreversible effects. Fuller's earth (FE), a phyllosilicate conventionally employed in powder form, has demonstrated decontamination capacity against OPs. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation that forms a film on the skin, with a significant OP removal capacity (>95 %) coupled with sequestration capabilities, favorable drying time and mechanical properties to allow for easy application and removal, particularly in emergency context. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), FE and surfactants. Their removal and sequestration capacity was tested using paraoxon-ethyl (POX), a chemical that simulates the behavior of VX. Formulations with removal capacity levels surpassing 95 % were mechanically characterized and cell viability assays were performed on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF). The four most promising formulations were used to assess decontamination efficacy on pig ear skin explants. These formulations showed decontamination levels ranging from 84.4 ± 4.7 % to 96.5 ± 1.3 %, which is equivalent to current decontamination methods. These results suggest that this technology could be a novel and effective tool for skin decontamination following exposure to OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kardelen Durmaz
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Magaly Misbach
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alix Danoy
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Salvi
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emily Bloch
- UMR 7246: Laboratoire MADIREL, CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, 52 avenue Escadrille Normandie - Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Bourrelly
- UMR 7246: Laboratoire MADIREL, CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, 52 avenue Escadrille Normandie - Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jerome Sohier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
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15
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Khairnar P, Phatale V, Shukla S, Tijani AO, Hedaoo A, Strauss J, Verana G, Vambhurkar G, Puri A, Srivastava S. Nanocarrier-Integrated Microneedles: Divulging the Potential of Novel Frontiers for Fostering the Management of Skin Ailments. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2118-2147. [PMID: 38660711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The various kinds of nanocarriers (NCs) have been explored for the delivery of therapeutics designed for the management of skin manifestations. The NCs are considered as one of the promising approaches for the skin delivery of therapeutics attributable to sustained release and enhanced skin penetration. Despite the extensive applications of the NCs, the challenges in their delivery via skin barrier (majorly stratum corneum) have persisted. To overcome all the challenges associated with the delivery of NCs, the microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a beacon of hope. Programmable drug release, being painless, and its minimally invasive nature make it an intriguing strategy to circumvent the multiple challenges associated with the various drug delivery systems. The integration of positive traits of NCs and MNs boosts therapeutic effectiveness by evading stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of NCs through the skin and enhancing their targeted delivery. This review discusses the barrier function of skin, the importance of MNs, the types of MNs, and the superiority of NC-loaded MNs. We highlighted the applications of NC-integrated MNs for the management of various skin ailments, combinational drug delivery, active targeting, in vivo imaging, and as theranostics. The clinical trials, patent portfolio, and marketed products of drug/NC-integrated MNs are covered. Finally, regulatory hurdles toward benchtop-to-bedside translation, along with promising prospects needed to scale up NC-integrated MN technology, have been deliberated. The current review is anticipated to deliver thoughtful visions to researchers, clinicians, and formulation scientists for the successful development of the MN-technology-based product by carefully optimizing all the formulation variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Aachal Hedaoo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Jordan Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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Guri-Lamce I, AlRokh Y, Kim Y, Maeshima R, Graham C, Hart SL, McGrath JA, Jacków-Malinowska J. Topical gene editing therapeutics using lipid nanoparticles: 'gene creams' for genetic skin diseases? Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:617-627. [PMID: 38149939 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients living with inherited skin diseases have benefited from recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies that provide new or improved diagnostics. However, developing and delivering new treatments for the 'genodermatoses' remains challenging. The goal of creating topical preparations that can recover the inherent gene pathology remains largely aspirational. However, recent progress in two fields - the chemistry of topical delivery formulations (lipid nanoparticles) and the molecular biology of gene repair (CRISPR-Cas9, base and prime editing) - presents new opportunities to address this unmet need. In this review, we discuss how lipid nanoparticle delivery vehicles could be used to deliver gene-editing tools to formulate topical 'gene creams' suitable for the treatment of genodermatoses. We summarize the historical landscape of topical therapeutics and advances in gene editing that may herald an era of new therapies for patients with inherited skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Guri-Lamce
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yara AlRokh
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Youngah Kim
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruhina Maeshima
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Carina Graham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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Maheshwari R, Ghode P, Sharma M. Lab on chip based self-adjustable liposomes for rapid wound healing: An in depth in vitro, in vivo and higher dose toxicity investigation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213777. [PMID: 38266334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to microfluidic technology, different nano-delivery systems are becoming clinically viable. Using a novel and rapid microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) method (lipids on chip) we developed self-adaptable liposomes (SLs) containing cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) for the treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. SLs were optimized using different flow rate ratios in the MHF method and the final formulation CPT3 was found to be the best in terms of particle size (68.27 ± 01.15 nm), % entrapment efficiency (% EE: 82 ± 1.5), polydispersity (PDI: 0.2 ± 0.012), and degree of deformability (DOD: 4.7 ± 0.18 nm). Rats (Sprague Dawley) treated with a self-adaptable CPT3 liposomal formulation recuperate skin injury, exhibited reduced bacterial counts (<106 CFU/mL) in the wounded region, and completely restored (100 %) on day 21. Rat survival, in vivo dermal pharmacokinetics and ex vivo-in vivo relationship were also investigated. Rats treated with an even 10-fold higher dose (100 mg/kg/day) of CP using an equivalent CPT3 formulation did not show any symptoms of toxicity as revealed by hematological, biochemical, and internal organ assessment observations. Finally, the developed CPT3 formulation with special interest in patients with high-risk skin injuries not only delivered CP in a controlled manner but was also clinically effective and safe as it did not produce any serious adverse events even at 10× higher doses in the infected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Maheshwari
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Green Industrial Park, TSIIC, Jadcherla, Hyderabad 509301, India.
| | - Piyush Ghode
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
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18
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Silva GC, Rodrigues RAF, Bottoli CBG. In vitro diffusion of plant phenolics through the skin: A review update. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:239-261. [PMID: 38083814 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive skin exposure to deleterious environmental variables results in inflammation as well as molecular and cellular impairments that compromise its functionality, aesthetic qualities, and overall well-being. The implementation of topical administration of antioxidants and other compounds as a method for preventing or reversing damage is a rational approach. Numerous phenolic compounds derived from plants have demonstrated capabilities such as scavenging free radicals and promoting tissue healing. However, the primary obstacle lies in effectively delivering these compounds to the specific place on the skin, and accurately forecasting their diffusion through the skin can assist in determining the most effective tactics. Hence, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of recent literature pertaining to the in vitro skin diffusion characteristics of plant phenolics. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of their behaviour when present in various forms such as solutions, suspensions, and formulations. METHOD The data on plant extracts and isolated plant phenolic compounds in vitro skin diffusion assays published over the last six years were compiled and discussed. RESULTS Even though the gold standard Franz diffusion cell is the most commonly used in the assessment of in vitro plant phenolic skin diffusion profiles, a plethora of skin models and assay conditions are reported for a variety of compounds and extracts in different vehicles. CONCLUSION The presence of numerous models and vehicles poses a challenge in creating correlations among the existing data on plant phenolic compounds. However, it is possible to draw some general conclusions regarding molecular, vehicle, and skin characteristics based on the gathered information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisláine C Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodney A F Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Paulínia, Brazil
| | - Carla B G Bottoli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Yin C, Yu L, Feng L, Zhou JT, Du C, Shao X, Cheng Y. Nanotoxicity of two-dimensional nanomaterials on human skin and the structural evolution of keratin protein. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:225101. [PMID: 38387099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been increasingly widely used in biomedical and cosmetical products nowadays, yet their safe usage in human body and environment necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their nanotoxicity. In this work, the effect of pristine graphene and graphene oxide (GO) on the adsorption and conformational changes of skin keratin using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that skin keratin can be absorbed through various noncovalent driving forces, such as van der Waals (vdW) and electrostatics. In the case of GO, the oxygen-containing groups prevent tighter contact between skin keratin and the graphene basal plane through steric effects and electrostatic repulsion. On the other hand, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding enhance their binding affinity to positively charged residues such as lysine and arginine. The secondary structure of skin keratin is better preserved in GO system, suggesting that GO has good biocompatibility. The charged groups on GO surface perform as the hydrogen bond acceptors, which is like to the natural receptors of keratin in this physiological environment. This work contributes to a better knowledge of the nanotoxicity of cutting-edge 2D materials on human health, thereby advancing their potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changji Yin
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Joey Tianyi Zhou
- Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunbao Du
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, SIP, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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20
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Patel M, Patel A, Desai J, Patel S. Cutaneous Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Novel Dermatological Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:46. [PMID: 38413430 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel formulations are developed for dermatological applications to address a wide range of patient needs and therapeutic challenges. By pushing the limits of pharmaceutical technology, these formulations strive to provide safer, more effective, and patient-friendly solutions for dermatological concerns, ultimately improving the overall quality of dermatological care. The article explores the different types of novel dermatological formulations, including nanocarriers, transdermal patches, microsponges, and microneedles, and the techniques involved in the cutaneous pharmacokinetics of these innovative formulations. Furthermore, the significance of knowing cutaneous pharmacokinetics and the difficulties faced during pharmacokinetic assessment have been emphasized. The article examines all the methods employed for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of novel dermatological formulations. In addition to a concise overview of earlier techniques, discussions on novel methodologies, including tape stripping, in vitro permeation testing, cutaneous microdialysis, confocal Raman microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry have been conducted. Emerging technologies like the use of microfluidic devices for skin absorption studies and computational models for predicting drug pharmacokinetics have also been discussed. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and pharmaceutical professionals determined to enhance the development and understanding of novel dermatological drug products and the complex dynamics of cutaneous pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Research & Development Cell, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ashwini Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna School of Pharmacy & Research, Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Vadodara, 391243, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagruti Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388 421, Gujarat, India
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Alomari N, Alhussaini W. Update on the advances and challenges in bioequivalence testing methods for complex topical generic products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1330712. [PMID: 38389924 PMCID: PMC10881717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1330712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the government regulatory agencies, including the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency, demand that the generic complex topical products prove pharmaceutical and bioequivalence. The evaluation of bioequivalence for complex topical dermatological formulations is a challenging task that requires careful consideration of several factors. Although comparative clinical studies are still considered the gold standard approach for establishing bioequivalence in most formulations, these studies can be costly and insensitive to detect formulation differences. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to develop and validate alternative approaches that demonstrate bioequivalence and expedite the availability of high-quality generic topical dermatological products. This article reviews the current methods for determining the bioequivalence of topical formulations in humans, with particular emphasis on recent advances in these methodologies. Most of the alternative methods are sensitive and reproducible, with the capability to ease the financial burden of comparative clinical studies within a short delivery time. The limitations associated with each technique are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaa Alomari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alhussaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shakeel CS, Khan SJ. Machine learning (ML) techniques as effective methods for evaluating hair and skin assessments: A systematic review. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:132-148. [PMID: 38156410 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231216290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Machine Learning (ML) techniques provide the ability to effectively evaluate and analyze human skin and hair assessments. The aim of this study is to systematically review the effectiveness of applying Machine Learning (ML) methods and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in order to evaluate hair and skin assessments. PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Science Direct were searched in order to retrieve research publications between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2020 using appropriate keywords such as "hair and skin analysis." Following accurate screening, 20 peer-reviewed publications were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. The analysis demonstrated that prevalent Machine Learning (ML) methods comprised of Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest Neighbor, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN's were observed to yield the highest accuracy of 95% followed by SVM generating 90%. These techniques were most commonly applied for drafting framework assessments such as that of Melanoma. Values of parameters such as Sensitivity, Specificity, and Area under the Curve (AUC) were extracted from the studies and with the help of comparisons, relevant inferences were also made. ANN's were observed to yield the highest sensitivity of 82.30% as well as a 96.90% specificity. Hence, with this systematic review, a summarization of the studies was drafted that encapsulated how Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been employed for the analysis and evaluation of hair and skin assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Jawaid Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ziauddin University (ZUFESTM), Karachi, Pakistan
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23
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Magnano GC, Marussi G, Crosera M, Hasa D, Adami G, Lionetti N, Larese Filon F. Probing the effectiveness of barrier creams against human skin penetration of nickel powder. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:39-50. [PMID: 37565324 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Barrier creams (BCs) are marketed as locally applied medical devices or cosmetic products to protect the skin from exposure to chemicals and irritants. Generally, the mechanism of action of such products is mainly due to the formation of a superficial thin film between the skin and the irritant or sensitizer, thus reducing or totally blocking the cutaneous penetration of such agents. Specifically, studies focusing on the effectiveness of commercial protective creams to prevent nickel cutaneous penetration are extremely scarce. The aim of the current work, therefore, is to evaluate the protective role of a commercially available barrier cream for nickel and compare the results with a simple moisturizing, following exposure to Ni powder. METHODS Marketed BCs were evaluated and tested. Human skin absorption of Ni was studied in vitro using static Franz diffusion cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the application of both formulations caused a reduction of Ni inside the skin (8.00 ± 3.35 μg cm-2 for the barrier cream and 22.6 ± 12.6 μg cm-2 for the general moisturizing product), with the specialized barrier cream being statistically (p = 0.015) more efficient on forming a protective barrier, thus evidencing the importance of some ingredients in such formulations on the nickel dermal accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the formulations based on film-forming or chelating agents may play an imperative role in reducing the cutaneous penetration of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marussi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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24
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Zhao X, Dai R, Wang J, Cao L, Chen P, Yao W, Cheng F, Bao B, Zhang L. Analysis of the permeable and retainable components of Cayratia japonica ointment through intact or broken skin after topical application by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with in vitro transdermal assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115853. [PMID: 37976992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cayratia japonica ointment has been used for many years to promote wound healing after perianal abscess surgery. This study aimed to determine the skin-permeable and skin-retainable components of Cayratia japonica ointment after topical application to intact or broken skin via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis and in vitro transdermal assay. Moreover, a combination of semi-quantitative and molecular docking analyses was performed to identify the main active components of the Cayratia japonica ointment and the probable phases of the wound healing process that they act on. Modified vertical Franz diffusion cells and abdominal skin of rats were selected for the in vitro transdermal study. Mass spectrometry data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes. A total of 7 flavonoids (schaftoside, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin) and 1 coumarin (esculetin), were found to permeate and/or retained by intact or broken skin. Among them, the flavonoids were more permeable through intact/broken skin and exhibited stronger binding affinities for targets related to the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing. This study suggests that the flavonoids in Cayratia japonica ointment are most likely the main active components and are crucial at the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Zhao
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ruixue Dai
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liangliang Cao
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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25
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Wang Z, Geng S, Zhang J, Yang H, Shi S, Zhao L, Luo X, Cao Z. Methods for the characterisation of dermal uptake: Progress and perspectives for organophosphate esters. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108400. [PMID: 38142534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a group of pollutants that are widely detected in the environment at high concentrations. They can adversely affect human health through multiple routes of exposure, including dermal uptake. Although attention has been paid to achieving an accurate and complete quantification of the dermal uptake of OPEs, existing evaluation methods and parameters have obvious weaknesses. This study reviewed two main categories of methodologies, namely the relative absorption (RA) model and the permeability coefficient (PC) model, which are widely used to assess the dermal uptake of OPEs. Although the PC model is more accurate and is increasingly used, the most important parameter in this model, the permeability coefficient (Kp), has been poorly characterised for OPEs, resulting in considerable errors in the estimation of the dermal uptake of OPEs. Thus, the detailed in vitro methods for the determination of Kp are summarised and sorted. Furthermore, the commonly used skin membranes are identified and the factors affecting Kp and corresponding mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the experimental conditions, conclusions, and available data on Kp values of the OPEs are thoroughly summarised. Finally, the corresponding knowledge gaps are proposed, and a more accurate and sophisticated experimental system and unknown Kp values for OPEs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexi Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shuxiang Geng
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hengkang Yang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shiyu Shi
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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26
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Fan L, Huang J, Ma S. Recent advances in delivery of transdermal nutrients: A review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14966. [PMID: 37897113 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients provide vital functions in the body for sustained health, which have been shown to be related to the incidence, prevention and treatment of disease. However, limited bioavailability, loss of targeting specificity and the increased hepatic metabolism limit the utilization of nutrients. In this review, we highlight transdermal absorption of nutrients, which represents an opportunity to allow great use of many nutrients with promising human health benefits. Moreover, we describe how the various types of permeation enhancers are increasingly exploited for transdermal nutrient delivery. Chemical penetration enhancers, carrier systems and physical techniques for transdermal nutrient delivery are described, with a focus on combinatorial approaches. Although there are many carrier systems and physical techniques currently in development, with some tools currently in advanced clinical trials, relatively few products have achieved full translation to clinical practice. Challenges and further developments of these tools are discussed here in this review. This review will be useful to researchers interested in transdermal applications of permeation enhancers for the efficient delivery of nutrients, providing a reference for supporting the need to take more account of specific nutritional needs in specific states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Amorim M, Azevedo-Silva J, Pintado M, Fernandes J. β-Glucan extracts as high-value multifunctional ingredients for skin health: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121329. [PMID: 37839841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans, which are naturally present in cereals, yeast, and mushrooms, have gained attention as a potential natural source for functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Due to the availability of β-glucans from several sources, different extraction methods can be employed to obtain high purity extracts that can be further modified to enhance their solubility or other biological properties. Apart from their known ability to interact with the immune system, β-glucans possess specific properties that could benefit overall skin health and prevent age-related signs, including soothing and antioxidant activities. As a result, the use of β-glucans to mitigate damage caused by environmental stressors or skin-related issues that accelerate skin aging or trigger chronic inflammation may represent a promising, natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to maintaining skin homeostasis balance. This review outlines β-glucan extraction methodologies, molecular structure, functionalization approaches, and explores skin-related benefits of β-glucans, along with an overview of related products in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Słoczyńska K, Żelaszczyk D, Orzeł K, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Kasza P, Borczuch-Kostańska M, Pękala E. In silico and in vitro evaluation of a safety profile of a cosmetic ingredient: 4-methoxychalcone (4-MC). Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105696. [PMID: 37722549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone is an important scaffold within medicinal and cosmetic chemistry. The structure enables multiple modifications which may result in obtaining compounds with desirable bioactivity. One of the chalcone derivatives, 4-methoxychalcone is a known cosmetic ingredient indexed in Cosing database as an antioxidant, bleaching, and skin conditioning substance. We investigated its in silico and in vitro safety profile. In silico study using Derek Nexus showed its potential of skin sensitisation, equivocal nature of chromosome damage in vitro in mammals, but also no mutagenic properties. In vitro research proved its activity as melanogenesis inhibitor in B16F10 cell line at the doses 12.5-3.125 μM. Evaluations performed in various cell lines showed that the cytotoxic doses were 50-25 μM. Tests in Episkin™ proved its ability to penetrate across epidermis and enabled classification of 2% formulation in PEG as non-irritant. In micronucleus tests it showed no genotoxicity. Studies in Cunninghamella echinulata model proved that 4-methoxychalcone was metabolised to less lipophilic products. 4-methoxychalcone showed phototoxic potential, its EC50(+UV) = 3.57 μg/mL, PIF = 10.19 and MPE = 0.428 were comparable to chlorpromazine. Moreover, 4-methoxychalcone showed ecotoxic potential in Microtox® assay with EC50(5 min) = 0.0047 mg/L and EC50(15 min) = 0.0033 mg/L. Although active doses were lower than toxic ones, some potential safety risks were noticed. Especially, due to the phototoxicity potential of 4-methoxychalcone, its use as depigmenting agent should involve avoidance of sunlight and use of appropriate photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Orzeł
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Patryk Kasza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Magda Borczuch-Kostańska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
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29
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Kichou H, Bonnier F, Dancik Y, Bakar J, Michael-Jubeli R, Caritá AC, Perse X, Soucé M, Rapetti L, Tfayli A, Chourpa I, Munnier E. Strat-M® positioning for skin permeation studies: A comparative study including EpiSkin® RHE, and human skin. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123488. [PMID: 37805151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In the development and optimization of dermatological products, In Vitro Permeation Testing (IVPT) is pivotal for controlled study of skin penetration. To enhance standardization and replicate human skin properties reconstructed human skin and synthetic membranes are explored as alternatives. Strat-M® is a membrane designed to mimic the multi-layered structure of human skin for IVPT. For instance, in Strat-M®, the steady-state fluxes (JSS) of resorcinol in formulations free of permeation enhancers were found to be 41 ± 5 µg/cm2·h for the aqueous solution, 42 ± 6 µg/cm2·h for the hydrogel, and 40 ± 6 µg/cm2·h for the oil-in-water emulsion. These results were closer to excised human skin (5 ± 3, 9 ± 2, 13 ± 6 µg/cm2·h) and surpassed the performance of EpiSkin® RHE (138 ± 5, 142 ± 6, and 162 ± 11 µg/cm2·h). While mass spectrometry and Raman microscopy demonstrated the qualitative molecular similarity of EpiSkin® RHE to human skin, it was the porous and hydrophobic polymer nature of Strat-M® that more faithfully reproduced the skin's diffusion-limiting barrier. Further validation through similarity factor analysis (∼80-85%) underscored Strat-M®'s significance as a reliable substitute for human skin, offering a promising approach to enhance realism and reproducibility in dermatological product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Kichou
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Franck Bonnier
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Av. de Verdun, 45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France
| | - Yuri Dancik
- Certara UK Ltd., Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2B1, UK
| | - Joudi Bakar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Rime Michael-Jubeli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Amanda C Caritá
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Xavier Perse
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Martin Soucé
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Laetitia Rapetti
- Alphenyx, 430 avenue du Maréchal Lattre de Tassigny, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lip(sys)(2) « Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques », 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emilie Munnier
- Université de Tours, EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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30
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Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Mokrzyńska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Wójciak M, Sowa I. Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Hydrogel with Cornus mas L. Extract and Its Potential Use in Dermatology and Cosmetology. Molecules 2023; 28:7384. [PMID: 37959803 PMCID: PMC10648276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing popularity of herbal extract-loaded hydrogels, this study assessed the biological activity of extracts and hydrogels containing three types (water (WE), water-ethanol (EE) and water-glycerin (GE)) of Cornus mas L. (dogwood) extracts. The content of biologically active compounds in the extracts was assessed using the UPLC-DAD-MS technique. Antioxidant properties were assessed by using DPPH and ABTS radicals and measuring the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Alamar Blue and Neutral Red tests were used to measure the cytotoxicity of the tested samples on skin cells-fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Cell migration and the anti-aging activity of the tested extracts and hydrogels were assessed. Transepidermal water loss and skin hydration after applying the hydrogels to the skin were also determined. A chromatographic analysis revealed that the extracts contained polyphenols, including gallic, caftaric, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, ellagic and p-coumaroylquinic acids, as well as iridoids, with loganic acid as the predominant component. Additionally, they contained cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and quinic acid. The obtained results show that the tested extracts and hydrogels had strong antioxidant properties and had a positive effect on the viability of skin cells in vitro. Additionally, it was shown that they stimulated the migration of these cells and had the ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase. Moreover, the tested hydrogels increased skin hydration and prevented transepidermal water loss. The obtained results indicate that the developed hydrogels may be effective delivery systems for phytochemicals contained in dogwood extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Agnieszka Mokrzyńska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.Z.); (A.M.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Chuang FJ, Wang YW, Chang LR, Chang CY, Cheng HY, Kuo SM. Enhanced skin neocollagenesis through the transdermal delivery of poly-L-lactic acid microparticles by using a needle-free supersonic atomizer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213619. [PMID: 37703788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a spindle-type nozzle was designed to accelerate poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microparticles to supersonic velocities for the transdermal delivery of these microparticles to rats. This approach is needle- and pain-free and enhances skin collagen regeneration. The addition of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 2 mg/mL did not hinder the growth of 3 T3 fibroblasts and Raw264.7 macrophages. The TNF-α assay revealed no obvious inflammation effect of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A time-lapse recording revealed that after being cocultured with PLLA microparticles for 24 h, Raw264.7 macrophages gradually approached and surrounded the PLLA microparticles. When 3 T3 fibroblasts were cocultured with Raw264.7 macrophages, which were stimulated using PLLA microparticles, collagen synthesis was increased by approximately 60 % compared with that in samples without PLLA microparticles. In vivo animal experiments indicated that after the transdermal delivery of 10 shots of PLLA microparticles through the supersonic atomizer, no obvious changes or damage to the back skin of Sprague-Dawley rats was observed. More importantly, numerous PLLA microparticles penetrated the rat epidermis into the dermal layer. We found macrophages and fibroblasts present close to the PLLA microparticles. Moreover, only mild or no inflammation reaction was observed. Masson staining revealed that after 6-week implantation, 6 % and 12 % of PLLA microparticles significantly stimulated collagen regeneration in 6-week-old and 32-week-old rats. In addition, picrosirius red staining revealed a significant increase in collagen regeneration, especially for type III collagen, following the 6-week implantation of PLLA microparticles. In summary, this study demonstrated an easy, pain-free, nondestructive approach for introducing PLLA microparticles into the dermal layer by using a supersonic atomizer to stimulate collagen regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ju Chuang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ren Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ying Cheng
- Indigenous Program of the College of Tourism and Hospitality, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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32
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Yousefpoor Y, Esnaashari SS, Baharifar H, Mehrabi M, Amani A. Current challenges ahead in preparation, characterization, and pharmaceutical applications of nanoemulsions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1920. [PMID: 37558229 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are emulsions with particle size of less than around 100 nm. Reviewing the literature, several reports are available on NEs, including preparation, characterization, and applications of them. This review aims to brief challenges that researchers or formulators may encounter when working with NEs. For instance, when selecting NE components and identifying their concentrations, stability and safety of the preparation should be evaluated. When preparing an NE, issues over scale-up of the preparation as well as possible effects of the preparation process on the active ingredient need to be considered. When characterizing the NEs, the two major concerns are accuracy of the method and accessibility of the characterizing instrument. Also a highly efficient NE for clinical use to deliver the active ingredient to the target tissue with maximum safety profile is commonly sought. Throughout the review we also have tried to suggest approaches to overcome the challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Yousefpoor
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Esnaashari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Noshi SH, Ibrahim MS, Salama A, Fathy IA, Elsayyad NME. Chondroitin Sulphate-Chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for etorocoxib transdermal delivery: in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:785-798. [PMID: 37610935 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2251574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects around 1% globally leading to joint inflammation and disability. Etorocoxib (ETR) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor traditionally used orally to alleviate RA induced inflammation, yet it causes hepatic side effects on prolonged use. This study aims for in silico optimization of ETR polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) utilizing chondroitin sulphate (CS) and chitosan (CH) for transdermal delivery to RA-inflamed joints with a synergistic anti-inflammatory action owing to CS. An artificial neural network (ANN) combined with 22 factorial design was used to optimize the PEC formula according to particle size (PS) and entrapment efficiency (%EE) by varying CS and CH concentrations. The optimum ETR PEC was incorporated in a gel and examined for its in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, in vivo inflammatory biomarkers, and histopathological evaluation in rats. The optimized formula (F3) with 0.1 CH% w/w and 0.5 CS %w/w showed a PS of 214.98 ± 17.24 nm, %EE 75.31 ± 1.67%, and enhanced in vitro release profile, ex vivo permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect compared to ETR gel via suppressing the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the additional anti-inflammatory effect of CS. In conclusion, ETR-PEC gel holds promise as transdermal therapy for managing RA-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen H Noshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mervat Shafik Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A Fathy
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nihal Mohamed Elmahdy Elsayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Sharma N, Khanna K, Kumar N, Karwasra R, Janakiraman AK, Rajagopal MS. Illuminating Insights: Clinical Study Harnessing Pharmacoscintigraphy for Permeation Study of Radiolabeled Nimesulide Topical Formulation in Healthy Human Volunteers. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023; 21:325-330. [PMID: 37801663 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative to oral administration for the delivery of therapeutic substances is the topical route, which frequently has comparable efficacy but may have a better tolerability profile. Gamma scintigraphy is a noninvasive technique that involves the application of radioactive substances to conduct biodistribution studies of therapeutic substances delivered through various routes. Nimesulide (NSD) was radiolabeled with technetium pertechnetate (Technetium99m [99mTc]) and this radiolabeled drug complex (99mTc-NSD) was used to prepare a topical gel formulation. The permeation of the radiolabeled drug from the topical gel was determined by gamma scintigraphy on human volunteers. The region of interest was calculated for the quantification of permeated radiolabeled drugs. This was observed that the mean percentage permeation of 99mTc-NSD was found to be 0.32 ± 0.22 to 36.37 ± 2.86 at 5 and 240 min. It was demonstrated that gamma scintigraphy may be a noninvasive and reliable technique for the determination of drug permeation through topical routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity School of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ritu Karwasra
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Sundari Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Darvin ME. Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2272. [PMID: 37765241 PMCID: PMC10538180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment-a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted.
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Vilela de Sousa I, Ferreira MJS, Bebiano LB, Simões S, Matos AF, Pereira RF, Granja PL. Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad014. [PMID: 37520659 PMCID: PMC10382248 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luís B Bebiano
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Peng H, Chen S, Wu S, Shi X, Ma J, Yang H, Li X. Alpha-synuclein in skin as a high-quality biomarker for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2023; 451:120730. [PMID: 37454572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurological motor system disorder, which characterised by the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and leads to the deficiency of dopamine in the striatum. Deposited Lewy bodies (LBs) in diseased neurones and nerve terminals are the pathological hallmark of PD, and alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is the most prominent protein in LBs. The tight association between α-Syn and the molecular pathology of PD has generatly increaed the interest in using the α-Syn species as biomarkers to diagnose early PD. α-Syn is not confined to the central nervous system, it is also present in the peripheral tissues, such as human skin. The assessment of skin α-Syn has the potential to be a diagnostic method that not only has excellent sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, but also convenient and acceptable to patients. In this review, we (i) integrate the biochemical, aggregation and structural features of α-Syn; (ii) map the distribution of the α-Syn species present in the brain, biological fluids, and peripheral tissues; and (iii) present a critical and comparative analysis of previous studies that have measured α-Syn in the skin. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of skin biopsy as a diagnostic approach for PD, and highlight its potential implications for clinical trials, clinical decision-making, treatment strategies as well as the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Peng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Shaopu Wu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaoxue Shi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Hongqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
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Liu T, Xia Q, Lv Y, Wang Z, Zhu S, Qin W, Yang Y, Liu T, Wang X, Zhao Z, Ma H, Jia L, Zhang H, Xu Z, Li N. ErZhiFormula prevents UV-induced skin photoaging by Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling: An in vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:115935. [PMID: 36414213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE ErZhiFormula (EZF) is a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formulation. It can be used to treat liver and kidney yin deficiency, dizziness, lumbar debility, insomnia, nocturnal emission, lower extremity weakness, and other aging-related diseases. However, the protective effect of EZF in skin photoaging and its potential mechanism has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the role of EZF in the skin photoaging mechanism induced by UV radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to identify the fingerprint of EZF. The mice were irradiated with UVA and UVB to establish the photoaging model in vivo. Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were irradiated with UVB to establish the photoaging model in vitro. The activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 and LDH kits, the level of reactive oxygen species was detected by DCF fluorescent probe, and the apoptosis was detected by PE annexin V and 7-Amino-Actinomycin (7-AAD) staining. Comet assay was used to detect cell DNA damage. The antioxidant enzyme levels in cell and mouse serum were detected by antioxidant kit, and Western blot was used to detect protein expression. RESULTS We found that EZF contain many active ingredients, including salidroside, specnuezhenide, isoquercitrin, etc. EZF can improve the photoaging of HaCaT cells and mouse skin caused by UV radiation. The results of animal experiments are consistent with those of cell experiments. Combined with Western blot analysis, we found that EZF finally played an anti-skin photoaging role by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS EZF can protect skin from UV-induced photoaging by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signal pathway. EZF may become a traditional Chinese medicine with the potential to prevent skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - QingMei Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingshuang Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenxiao Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Linlin Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zongpei Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Marini E, Sodano F, Rolando B, Chegaev K, Maresca DC, Ianaro A, Ercolano G, Lazzarato L. New lipophilic organic nitrates: candidates for chronic skin disease therapy. Biol Chem 2023; 404:601-606. [PMID: 36867068 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrates are widely used, but their chronic efficacy is blunted due to the development of tolerance. The properties of new tolerance free organic nitrates were studied. Their lipophilicity profile and passive diffusion across polydimethylsiloxane membrane and pig ear-skin, and their efficacy in tissue regeneration using HaCaT keratinocytes were evaluated. The permeation results show that these nitrates have a suitable profile for NO topical administration on the skin. Furthermore, the derivatives with higher NO release exerted a pro-healing effect on HaCaT cells. This new class of organic nitrates might be a promising strategy for the chronic treatment of skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Sodano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples «Federico II», I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples «Federico II», I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples «Federico II», I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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Singpanna K, Pornpitchanarong C, Patrojanasophon P, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T, Kevin Li S, Opanasopit P. Chitosan capped-gold nanoparticles as skin penetration enhancer for small molecules: A study in porcine skin. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123034. [PMID: 37172630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Skin is considered one of the most convenient sites for drug administration. The present study evaluated the effect of gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan (CS-AuNPs) and citrate ions (Ci-AuNPs) on skin permeation of sodium fluorescein (NaFI) and rhodamine b base (RhB) as small model hydrophilic and lipophilic permeants, respectively. CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs were characterized by transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Skin permeation was investigated using porcine skin with diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs were spherical-shaped nanosized particles (38.4±0.7 and 32.2±0.7 nm, respectively). The zeta potential of CS-AuNPs was positive (+30.7±1.2 mV) whereas that of Ci-AuNPs was negative (-60.2±0.4 mV). The skin permeation study revealed that CS-AuNPs could enhance the permeation of NaFI with enhancement ratio (ER) of 38.2±7.5, and the effect was superior to that of Ci-AuNPs. CLSM visualization suggested that skin permeation was enhanced by improving the delivery through the transepidermal pathway. However, the permeability of RhB, a lipophilic molecule, was not significantly affected by CS-AuNPs and Ci-AuNPs. Moreover, CS-AuNPs had no cytotoxic toward human skin fibroblast cells. Therefore, CS-AuNPs are a promising skin permeation enhancer of small polar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Singpanna
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
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Slavkova M, Tzankov B, Popova T, Voycheva C. Gel Formulations for Topical Treatment of Skin Cancer: A Review. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050352. [PMID: 37232944 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer, with all its variations, is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy by topical application is an attractive strategy because of the ease of application and non-invasiveness. At the same time, the delivery of antineoplastic agents through the skin is difficult because of their challenging physicochemical properties (solubility, ionization, molecular weight, melting point) and the barrier function of the stratum corneum. Various approaches have been applied in order to improve drug penetration, retention, and efficacy. This systematic review aims at identifying the most commonly used techniques for topical drug delivery by means of gel-based topical formulations in skin cancer treatment. The excipients used, the preparation approaches, and the methods characterizing gels are discussed in brief. The safety aspects are also highlighted. The combinatorial formulation of nanocarrier-loaded gels is also reviewed from the perspective of improving drug delivery characteristics. Some limitations and drawbacks in the identified strategies are also outlined and considered within the future scope of topical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Slavkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Tzankov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Popova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Voycheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kalonia A, Kumar Sharma A, Shaw P, Kumar A, Bhatt AN, Shukla A, Shukla SK. Ascorbate formulation improves healing efficacy in excisional wound mice model through interplay between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic markers. Cytokine 2023; 164:156158. [PMID: 36827818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Biomedical research in regenerative medicine prompts researchers to formulate cost-effective therapeutics for wound healing. The present study was conducted to characterize the ascorbate based formulation vis-a-vis investigating the molecular dynamics of the formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To characterize the formulation, particle size, zeta potential, thermal stability, compatibility, anti-oxidant, and permeation prospective were measured using standard protocols. The in-vitro healing potential and safety formulae were evaluated using the L929 cell line. For molecular unravelling of the pharmacodynamics of formulation, an excision wound model was used, and 54 mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups, i.e., untreated, betadine-treated, and formulation-treated, to ascertain the interplay between cytokines and chemokines and their culminative role in the release of growth factors. RESULTS The ascorbate formulae were found to be amorphous, biocompatible, safe, and long-lasting, with particle sizes and zeta potentials of 389.7 ± 0.69 nm and -38.1 ± 0.65 mV, respectively, and anti-oxidative potential. An in-vitro study revealed that the formulation has a significant (p<0.05) migration potential and is non-toxic. Expression profiling of TGF-β, FGF-2, VEGF, and collagen III & I showed significant (p<0.05) up-regulation, whereas significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes like IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and temporal change in CCR-5 was observed in formulae-treated animals as compared to other groups. CONCLUSION By up-regulating angiogenic and collagen-promoting growth factor gene expression while down-regulating pro-inflammatory gene expression, ascorbate formulation promotes wound healing via extracellular matrix and granulation tissue deposition with significant improvement in tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kalonia
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amit Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India.
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43
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Song EC, Park C, Shin Y, Kim WK, Kim SB, Cho S. Neurog1-Derived Peptides RMNE1 and DualPep-Shine Penetrate the Skin and Inhibit Melanin Synthesis by Regulating MITF Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076158. [PMID: 37047130 PMCID: PMC10094136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-pigmentation peptides have been developed as alternative skin-lightening agents to replace conventional chemicals that have adverse effects on the skin. However, the maximum size of these peptides is often limited by their low skin and cell penetration. To address this issue, we used our intra-dermal delivery technology (IDDT) platform to identify peptides with hypo-pigmenting and high cell-penetrating activity. Using our cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) from the IDDT platform, we identified RMNE1 and its derivative RMNE3, "DualPep-Shine", which showed levels of α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin inhibition comparable to the conventional tyrosinase inhibitor, Kojic acid. In addition, DualPep-Shine was delivered into the nucleus and regulated the gene expression levels of melanogenic enzymes by inhibiting the promoter activity of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M). Using a 3D human skin model, we found that DualPep-Shine penetrated the lower region of the epidermis and reduced the melanin content in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DualPep-Shine showed high safety with little immunogenicity, indicating its potential as a novel cosmeceutical ingredient and anti-pigmentation therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Chan Song
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungyeong Shin
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Kim
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Remedi Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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Biondo NE, Argenta DF, Caon T. A Comparative Analysis of Biological and Synthetic Skin Models for Drug Transport Studies. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1209-1221. [PMID: 36959412 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ethical restrictions as well as practical or economic issues related to use of animal and human skin has been the main reason the growth in the number of investigations with alternative models. Reconstructed skin models, for example, have been useful to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of compounds; however, these models usually overestimate the amount of drug permeated due to impaired barrier properties. In this review, the performance of synthetic and biological skin models in transport studies was compared by considering two compounds with different physicochemical properties. The advantages and limitations of each skin model are discussed in detail. Although synthetic and reconstructed skin models have shown to be useful in the formulation optimization step, they present many limitations: (1) impaired barrier properties; (2) lack of follicular transport; (3) no metabolism in synthetic membranes; (4) differences in terms of lipid organization; (5) more affected by formulation constituents. Therefore, animal and human tissues should still be prioritized in drug transport studies until new advances in alternative models are achieved. Investigations of the impact of cell-culture conditions on skin formation, in turn, bring perspectives related to the development of unhealthy/injured skin models (an aspect that still deserves attention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Esposto Biondo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Fretes Argenta
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Eş I, Kafadenk A, Gormus MB, Inci F. Xenon Difluoride Dry Etching for the Microfabrication of Solid Microneedles as a Potential Strategy in Transdermal Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206510. [PMID: 36929149 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although hypodermic needles are a "gold standard" for transdermal drug delivery (TDD), microneedle (MN)-mediated TDD denotes an unconventional approach in which drug compounds are delivered via micron-size needles. Herein, an isotropic XeF2 dry etching process is explored to fabricate silicon-based solid MNs. A photolithographic process, including mask writing, UV exposure, and dry etching with XeF2 is employed, and the MN fabrication is successfully customized by modifying the CAD designs, photolithographic process, and etching conditions. This study enables fabrication of a very dense MNs (up to 1452 MNs cm-2 ) with height varying between 80 and 300 µm. Geometrical features are also assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D laser scanning microscope. Roughness of the MNs are improved from 0.71 to 0.35 µm after titanium and chromium coating. Mechanical failure test is conducted using dynamic mechanical analyzer to determine displacement and stress/strain values. The coated MNs are subjected to less displacement (≈15 µm) upon the applied force. COMSOL Multiphysics analysis indicates that MNs are safe to use in real-life applications with no fracture. This technique also enables the production of MNs with distinct shape and dimensions. The optimized process provides a wide range of solid MN types to be utilized for epidermis targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kafadenk
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - M Burak Gormus
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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46
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Zheng H, Pu Z, Wu H, Li C, Zhang X, Li D. Reverse iontophoresis with the development of flexible electronics: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115036. [PMID: 36580817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin-centric diagnosis techniques, such as epidermal physiological parameter monitoring, have developed rapidly in recent years. The analysis of interstitial fluid (ISF), a body liquid with abundant physiological information, is a promising method to obtain health status because ISF is easily assessed by implanted or percutaneous measurements. Reverse iontophoresis extracts ISF by applying an electric field onto the skin, and it is a promising method to noninvasively obtain ISF, which, in turn, enables noninvasive epidermal physiological parameter monitoring. However, the development of reverse iontophoresis was relatively slow around the 2010s due to the rigidity and low biocompatibility of the applied devices. With the rapid development of flexible electronic technology in recent years, new progress has been made in the field of reverse iontophoresis, especially in the field of blood glucose monitoring and drug monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances and discusses the challenges and opportunities of reverse iontophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-induced acne-like lesions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1005. [PMID: 36813793 PMCID: PMC9947178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common neutrophil-driven inflammatory skin disorder in which Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is known to play a key role. For decades, antibiotics have been widely employed to treat acne vulgaris, inevitably resulting in increased bacterial antibiotic resistance. Phage therapy is a promising strategy to combat the growing challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, utilizing viruses that specifically lyse bacteria. Herein, we explore the feasibility of phage therapy against C. acnes. Eight novel phages, isolated in our laboratory, and commonly used antibiotics eradicate 100% of clinically isolated C. acnes strains. Topical phage therapy in a C. acnes-induced acne-like lesions mouse model affords significantly superior clinical and histological scores. Moreover, the decrease in inflammatory response was reflected by the reduced expression of chemokine CXCL2, neutrophil infiltration, and other inflammatory cytokines when compared with the infected-untreated group. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of phage therapy for acne vulgaris as an additional tool to conventional antibiotics.
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48
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Ciftci F. Release kinetics modelling and in vivo-vitro, shelf-life study of resveratrol added composite transdermal scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123769. [PMID: 36812968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the suitability of composite transdermal biomaterial for wound dressing applications is discussed. Bioactive, antioxidant Fucoidan and Chitosan biomaterials were doped into polyvinyl alcohol/β-tricalcium phosphate based polymeric hydrogels loaded with Resveratrol, which has theranostic properties, and biomembrane design with suitable cell regeneration properties was aimed. In accordance with this purpose, tissue profile analysis (TPA) was performed for the bioadhesion properties of composite polymeric biomembranes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses were performed for morphological and structural analyses of biomembrane structures. In vitro Franz diffusion mathematical modelling of composite membrane structures, biocompatibility (MTT test) and in vivo rat tests were performed. TPA analysis of resveratrol loaded biomembrane scaffold design; compressibility; 13.4 ± 1.9(g.s), hardness; 16.8 ± 1(g), adhesiveness; -11 ± 2.0(g.s), elasticity; 0.61 ± 0.07, cohesiveness; 0.84 ± 0.04 were found. Proliferation of the membrane scaffold was 189.83 % at 24 h and 209.12 % at 72 h. In the in vivo rat test; at the end of 28th day, it was found that biomembrane_3 provided 98.75 ± 0.12 % wound shrinkage. The shelf-life of RES in the transdermal membrane scaffold, which was determined as Zero order according to Fick's law in in vitro Franz diffusion mathematical modelling, was found to be approximately 35 days by Minitab statistical analysis. The importance of this study is that the innovative and novel transdermal biomaterial supports tissue cell regeneration and cell proliferation in theranostic applications as a wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ciftci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Technology Transfer Office, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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49
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Current Advances in Lipid Nanosystems Intended for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020656. [PMID: 36839978 PMCID: PMC9967415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin delivery is an exciting and challenging field. It is a promising approach for effective drug delivery due to its ease of administration, ease of handling, high flexibility, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, adaptability, and many other advantages. The main associated challenge, however, is low skin permeability. The skin is a healthy barrier that serves as the body's primary defence mechanism against foreign particles. New advances in skin delivery (both topical and transdermal) depend on overcoming the challenges associated with drug molecule permeation and skin irritation. These limitations can be overcome by employing new approaches such as lipid nanosystems. Due to their advantages (such as easy scaling, low cost, and remarkable stability) these systems have attracted interest from the scientific community. However, for a successful formulation, several factors including particle size, surface charge, components, etc. have to be understood and controlled. This review provided a brief overview of the structure of the skin as well as the different pathways of nanoparticle penetration. In addition, the main factors influencing the penetration of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Applications of lipid nanosystems for dermal and transdermal delivery, as well as regulatory aspects, were critically discussed.
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50
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Choe C, Schleusener J, Ri J, Choe S, Kim P, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Quantitative determination of concentration profiles of skin components and topically applied oils by tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares using in vivo confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200219. [PMID: 36106843 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main components of the stratum corneum (SC), water, lipids, and proteins, are non-homogeneously distributed throughout the depth. The quantitative determination of their concentration profiles and penetration depth of topically applied substances are urgent topics of dermatological and cosmetic research. Confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy has distinct advantages when determining semi-quantitative concentrations of SC components and topically applied substances non-invasively and in vivo. In this work, we applied a tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (tMCR-ALS) method to analyze Raman spectra of the SC in the 2000-4000 cm-1 region for quantitatively determining the concentrations of water, lipids, proteins, and topically applied oils using substance-related spectral loadings which were allowed to change depth-dependently from the SC's surface toward its bottom. tMCR-ALS makes matching of depth-dependent signal attenuation, that is, the normalization on keratin, unnecessary and requires only a few additional experiments for calibration - Raman spectra of the pure materials and their densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - JinSong Ri
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - SeHyok Choe
- Biomedical Materials Division, Faculty of Material Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Division, Pyongyang Cosmetic Research Institute, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - PokSil Kim
- Clinical Research Division, Pyongyang Cosmetic Research Institute, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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