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Fritzen JTT, Yasumitsu CY, Silva IV, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Respiratory illness in young and adult cattle caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 2b in singular and mixed bacterial infection in a BVDV-vaccinated dairy herd. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01476-x. [PMID: 39143403 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common global health problem in dairy cattle. The definitive diagnosis of BRD is complex because its etiology involves several predisposing and determining factors. This report describes the etiology of a BRD outbreak in a dairy herd in the mesoregion of Central Eastern Paraná, which simultaneously affected young (calves and heifers) and adult (cows) Holstein-Friesian cattle. Nine biological samples, consisting of five lung samples from two cows and three suckling calves, and four nasal swab samples from heifers, were used for etiological diagnosis. The nucleic acids extracted from lung fragments and nasal swabs were subjected to PCR and RT-PCR assays for partial amplification of the genes of five viruses [bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV)] and four bacteria (Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni) involved in the etiology of BRD. All nine biological samples from the animals with BRD tested negative for BoAHV1, BRSV, BPIV-3, BCoV, and H. somni. Therefore, the involvement of these microorganisms in the etiology of BRD outbreak can be ruled out. It was possible to identify the presence of BVDV and M. bovis in singular and mixed infections of the lower respiratory tract in cattle. BVDV was also identified in two nasal swabs: one as a single etiological agent and the other in association with two bacteria (P. multocida and M. haemolytica). The phylogenetic analysis conducted in the nucleotide sequence of the 5'UTR region and Npro gene of the BVDV amplicons demonstrated that the BVDV field strains of this BRD outbreak belong to subgenotype 2b. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BVDV-2b involvement in the etiology of BRD in Brazil. Finally, it is necessary to highlight that the cattle were obtained from an open dairy herd with biannual vaccinations for BVDV-1a and - 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Yuka Yasumitsu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Isabela Vaz Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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2
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Fritzen JTT, Zucoloto NZ, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Outbreak of persistently infected heifer calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes 1b and 1d in a BVDV-vaccinated open dairy herd. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107198. [PMID: 38531427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection has a significant economic impact on beef and dairy industries worldwide. Fetal infection with a non-cytopathic strain may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) offspring, which is the main event in the epidemiological chain of BVDV infection. This report describes the birth of 99 BVDV-PI heifer calves within 52 days of birth in a regular BVDV-vaccinated Brazilian dairy cattle herd and the subgenotypes of the infecting field strains. This study was conducted in a high-yielding open dairy cattle herd that frequently acquired heifers from neighboring areas for replacement. The farm monitors the birth of PI calves by screening all calves born using an ELISA (IDEXX) for BVDV antigen detection. All calves aged 1-7 days were evaluated. For positive and suspected results, the ELISA was repeated when the calves were close to one month old. A total of 294 heifer calves were evaluated between February and March 2021. Of these, 99 (33.7 %) had positive ELISA results and were considered PI calves. To evaluate the predominant BVDV species and subgenotypes in this outbreak, whole blood samples were collected from 31 calves born during the study period. All samples were submitted to the RT-PCR assay for the partial amplification of the BVDV 5'-UTR region, and these amplicons were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis identified BVDV-1b and BVDV-1d in 16 and 13 heifer calves, respectively. In two calves, it was not possible to determine the BVDV-1 subgenotype. Detection of PI animals and monitoring of circulating BVDV subgenotype strains are central to disease control. This study shows that regular BVDV vaccination alone may be insufficient to prevent BVDV infection in high-yielding open dairy cattle herds. Other biosecurity measures must be adopted to avoid the purchase of cattle with acute infections by BVDV or BVDV-PI, which can cause a break in the health profile of the herd and economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natalia Zaparoli Zucoloto
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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3
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Dunowska M, Lal R, Dissanayake SD, Bond SD, Burrows E, Moffat J, Howe L. Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from New Zealand belong predominantly to the BVDV-1a genotype. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:66-78. [PMID: 38212951 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2291039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine which genotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) circulate among cattle in New Zealand. METHODS Samples comprised BVDV-1-positive sera sourced from submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 2019 (n = 25), 2020 (n = 59) and 2022 (n = 74) from both beef and dairy herds, as well as archival BVDV-1 isolates (n = 5). Fragments of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and glycoprotein E2 coding sequence of the BVDV genome were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were aligned to each other and to international BVDV-1 sequences to determine their similarities and phylogenetic relationships. The 5' UTR sequences were also used to create genetic haplotype networks to determine if they were correlated with selected traits (location, type of farm, and year of collection). RESULTS The 5' UTR sequences from New Zealand BVDV were closely related to each other, with pairwise identities between 89% and 100%. All clustered together and were designated as BVDV-1a (n = 144) or BVDV-1c (n = 5). There was no evidence of a correlation between the 5' UTR sequence and the geographical origin within the country, year of collection or the type of farm. Partial E2 sequences from New Zealand BVDV (n = 76) showed 74-100% identity to each other and clustered in two main groups. The subtype assignment based on the E2 sequence was the same as based on the 5' UTR analysis. This is the first comprehensive analysis of genomic variability of contemporary New Zealand BVDV based on the analysis of the non-coding (5' UTR) and coding (E2) sequences. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Knowledge of the diversity of the viruses circulating in the country is a prerequisite for the development of effective control strategies, including a selection of suitable vaccines. The data presented suggest that New Zealand BVDV are relatively homogeneous, which should facilitate eradication efforts including selection or development of the most suitable vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunowska
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Lal
- College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S D Dissanayake
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S D Bond
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E Burrows
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Moffat
- Scipharma Ltd., Upper Moutere, New Zealand
| | - L Howe
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Hugues F, Cabezas I, Garigliany M, Rivas F, Casanova T, González EE, Sánchez O, Castillo R, Parra NC, Inostroza-Michael O, Moreno L, Hernández CE, Toledo JR. First report of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes 1d and 1e in southern Chile. Virol J 2023; 20:205. [PMID: 37679808 PMCID: PMC10486069 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle worldwide causing severe productive and economic loss. In this study, we investigated the subgenotypes of BVDV circulating in cattle samples from the Aysén region, an active cattle breeding area located in southern Chile. Partial amplification of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and twelve samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Eight samples were identified as belonging to Pestivirus bovis subgenotype 1e, three to 1-b, and one to 1-d. The phylogenetic analyses performed revealed a marked distance between these now-identified strains and those previously reported in the country. These findings support the need to continually expand the analysis of the variability of the viral phylogeny for the currently circulating BVDV strains and to update the vaccines recommended for this livestock area and surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Hugues
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Felipe Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomás Casanova
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Eddy E González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Natalie C Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Inostroza-Michael
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, HOLON SpA., Concepción, Chile
| | - Lucila Moreno
- Laboratorio de Ecología Parasitaria, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú.
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
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Characterization of a Highly Virulent Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2b Isolate Detected in Cattle in Inner Mongolia, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3821435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection causes subclinical to severe acute disease in cattle all over the world. Two genotypes of BVDV are recognized, BVDV1 and BVDV2. Currently, the subtypes of BVDV1b and BVDV2a are mainly circulating in China. Here, a newly noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV strain named BVDVNM21 was isolated and identified from cattle. We determined the complete genome sequence of BVDVNM21, phylogenetic analysis of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), Npro, and E2 gene, and complete genome showed the virus belongs to BVDV2b subtype and formed an independent clade within BVDV2b. Genome-wide sequence analysis showed that BVDVNM21 had high homology with SD1301 (98.10%) isolated from China. In the experimental infection study of guinea pigs and calves, they all developed similar clinical signs, including a pronounced and prolonged febrile response lasting more than 3 days and pronounced reduction in white blood cells (WBC) and platelets of more than 40%. Moreover, guinea pigs showed more acute infection characteristics after infection, and WBC decreased by more than 50% at 1 day postinfection (dpi), and they recovered in less than 3 days. The results indicated that the BVDVNM21 strain showed high virulence in calves. It was the first confirmed isolation of a highly pathogenic ncpBVDV2b in cattle, as well as the establishment of the BVDV-guinea pig model. This study may provide a basis for further research and control of the prevalence of BVDV2b in China.
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6
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HoBi-like Pestivirus Is Highly Prevalent in Cattle Herds in the Amazon Region (Northern Brazil). Viruses 2023; 15:v15020453. [PMID: 36851667 PMCID: PMC9965828 DOI: 10.3390/v15020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestiviruses are globally distributed and cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. In Brazil, the country with the world's largest cattle population, pestivirus infections are well described in some regions, such as in the south, where a high frequency of BVDV-2 is described and contrasts with the high prevalence of HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) in the northeast. However, there is a lack of information about pestiviruses in the Amazon Region, in northern Brazil, with a cattle population estimated at 55.7 million head, which has a significant impact on the international livestock market. Therefore, this study investigated the seroprevalence and genetic variability of ruminant pestiviruses in 944 bovine serum samples from four states in northern Brazil: Pará (PA), Amapá (AP), Roraima (RR), and Amazonas (AM). Our results showed that 45.4% of the samples were seropositive (19.8% for BVDV-1, 14.1% for BVDV-2, and 20.9% for HoBiPeV). All samples were tested by RT-qPCR, and three were positive and classified as HoBiPeV in a phylogenetic analysis. These serological and molecular results contrast with those from other regions of the world, suggesting that the northern Brazilian states have a high prevalence of all bovine pestiviruses including HoBiPeV.
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Rivas J, Hasanaj A, Deblon C, Gisbert P, Garigliany MM. Genetic diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in cattle in France between 2018 and 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1028866. [PMID: 36304414 PMCID: PMC9593101 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is one of the main pathogens that affects ruminants worldwide, generating significant economic losses. Like other RNA viruses, BVDV is characterized by a high genetic variability, generating the emergence of new variants, and increasing the risk of new outbreaks. The last report on BVDV genotypes in France was in 2008, since which there have been no new information. The goal of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of BVDV strains currently circulating in France. To this aim, samples of cattle were taken from different departments that are part of the main areas of livestock production during the years 2018 to 2020. Using the partial sequence of the 5'UTR region of the viral genome, we identified and classified 145 samples corresponding to Pestivirus A and one sample corresponding to Pestivirus D. For the Pestivirus A samples, the 1e, 1b, 1d, and 1l genotypes, previously described in France, were identified. Next, the 1r and 1s genotypes, not previously described in the country, were detected. In addition, a new genotype was identified and was tentatively assigned as 1x genotype. These results indicate an increase in the genetic diversity of BVDV in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivas
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alesia Hasanaj
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Deblon
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,*Correspondence: Mutien-Marie Garigliany
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Temporal analysis of bovine pestivirus diversity in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1675-1682. [PMID: 35349125 PMCID: PMC9433493 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of cattle pestiviruses (BVDV-1, 2 and HoBiPeV) originating in Brazil were used to investigate the temporal diversification of subgenotypes in the country. Inferred dated phylogeny and time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) demonstrated that some BVDV subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and 2b) and HoBi-like sequences clustered according to the region in which they were collected and that the diversification of subgenotypes appears to have occurred around the introduction of first Bos taurus and then Bos indicus, followed by expansion to form the adapted Brazilian breeds. The present results help to elucidate the temporal facts that led to diversification of ruminant pestiviruses in cattle in Brazil.
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Barreto JVP, Lorenzetti E, Fritzen JTT, Jardim ADM, Oliveira TES, Headley SA, Alfieri AA, da Cunha Filho LFC. Congenital Neurological Disease Associated With HoBi-like Pestivirus Infection in a Newborn Dairy Calf From Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852965. [PMID: 35400086 PMCID: PMC8987716 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) has been reported in several biological samples from cattle worldwide, but there are no descriptions of this virus associated with neurological symptoms. This report described the first occurrence of neurological disease associated with HoBiPeV in a newborn dairy calf. A mixed-breed Holstein calf had severe neurological symptoms at birth and died at 21 days old. The tissue fragments (central nervous system (CNS), myocardium, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and spleen) were submitted to reverse transcription (RT)–PCR assay for the partial 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) gene of the pestivirus genome, and the CNS tissue fragments were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The RT–PCR assay indicated that the kidney, CNS, and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus 5'UTR, and the CNS and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus Npro gene. Amplicons with high DNA quantification in the 5'UTR (CNS—cerebral cortex) and Npro (CNS—cerebral cortex and intestine) RT–PCR assays were sequenced. The nucleotide (nt) sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR strain exhibited 93.6 to 99.4%, 85%, 89.4 to 89.9%, 85.1%, and 90.5 to 91.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, b, c, d, and e, respectively. The Npro amplicons showed 99.7% nt identity to each other and 90.4 to 96.5%, 85.1 to 85.3%, 79.2 to 79.7%, and 85.8 to 86.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, c, d, and e, respectively. A histopathology revealed neuronal necrosis at the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. An immunohistochemical assay designed to identify antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus revealed positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within neurons at the cerebral cortex, cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Thus, this report provides information about the first identification of HoBiPeV in tissues of the CNS in a newborn dairy calf with neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Victor Pronievicz Barreto
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Melo Jardim
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
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Glotov AG, Glotova TI, Nefedchenko AV, Koteneva SV. [Genetic diversity and distribution of bovine pestiviruses ( Flaviviridae: Pestivirus) in the world and in the Russian Federation]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:18-26. [PMID: 35293185 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae includes 11 species. Bovine pestiviruses are the causative agents of viral diarrhea/mucosal disease and include three genetically distinct species: pestivirus A (BVDV-1), B (BVDV-2), and H (BVDV-3). The number of BVDV-1 subtypes is 21, BVDV-2 - 4, and BVDV-3 - 4, which complicates the diagnosis of associated diseases, reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.We performed the search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU databases for articles published in 2000-2021.Pestivirus A is distributed everywhere, although the largest number of subtypes was found in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is widespread in the Central region of the Russia (subtypes 1a and 1m). In Siberia, eleven subtypes circulate among native and imported animals: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g, 1i (both 2.5%), 1j, 1k, 1p, and 1r (all for 5%). Pestivirus B subtype is more virulent, found less frequently and mainly in the North and South America, in some European countries, and in Asia. Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%), and 2c (5%). Pestivirus H circulates in Europe, Asia and South America. The main route of entry is contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian-Brazilian group (3a) was detected in 7 lots of fetal bovine serum.The role of the virus in the occurrence of respiratory diseases in calves, abortion, systemic infection and enteritis in calves and adult animals has been established. The source of the virus in such cases was a contaminated modified live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Glotov
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - T I Glotova
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - A V Nefedchenko
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
| | - S V Koteneva
- FSBIS Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and the Far East
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11
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Falkenberg SM, Bauermann FV, Scoles GA, Bonilla D, Dassanayake RP. A Serosurvey for Ruminant Pestivirus Exposure Conducted Using Sera From Stray Mexico Origin Cattle Captured Crossing Into Southern Texas. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:821247. [PMID: 35372539 PMCID: PMC8964521 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.821247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) monitor a quarantine zone along the Texas border to prevent the introduction of stray livestock carrying cattle fever ticks entering the United States from Mexico. Stray cattle collected by CFTEP are checked for ticks and several infectious disease-causing pathogens, but not for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). BVDV is one of the most economically impactful viruses affecting US cattle producers. BVDV is present in all parts of the world, but it has been demonstrated that another distantly related pestivirus, HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPev), can also cause BVD. To date, HoBiPev has not been detected in the United States, but is commonly found in Brazil, and sporadically in Europe and Asia. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of pestiviruses, with a specific focus on HoBiPev, in stray cattle. Virus neutralization (VN) assay was used to determine seroprevalence (or antibody titers) of BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and HoBiPev. Approximately 50% (67 of 134) of the samples were seropositive for pestiviruses; all 67 positive samples were positive (50%) for BVDV-1, 66 samples of the 67 were positive (49.3%) for BVDV-2, and the same 66 samples of the 67 were also positive (49.3%) for HoBiPev. Due to the antigenic cross-reactivity among Pestiviruses, the comparative antibody against each pestivirus was calculated from all VN-positive samples. Titers were clearly higher against BVDV-1, and only one sample had a titer clearly higher against BVDV-2. No sample had an antibody titer higher for HoBiPev, and while this does not prove the absence of HoBiPev, it does provide evidence that the prevalence of HoBiPev is less predominant than BVDV-1. Additionally, data from these samples provide evidence on the susceptibility of animals that may enter into the United States, with ~50% of the animals seronegative for bovine pestiviruses. This cattle population provides a unique opportunity to evaluate and monitor changes in seroprevalence of economically important cattle diseases affecting the cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shollie M. Falkenberg
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shollie M. Falkenberg
| | - Fernando V. Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Glen A. Scoles
- USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Denise Bonilla
- USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
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12
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First detection of emerging HoBi-like Pestivirus (BVD-3) among some persistently infected dairy cattle herds in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:336. [PMID: 36207639 PMCID: PMC9546976 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a serious veterinary health concern worldwide. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of persistent infections (PI) and identify the current strain among some dairy cattle herds in Egypt. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from six Egyptian provinces. Between 2019 and 2020, samples were tested by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PI animals, and then molecular characterization was performed. Six calves were found PI with a prevalence of 2.5% (6/240). Using molecular characterization, HoBi-like Pestivirus (BVD-3) was successfully identified in Egypt for the first time. Based on the BVD-3 reference strains on Genbank, the detected strains had an identity ranging from 98.8 to 99.6%. Partial nucleotide sequence of the 5'UTR gene for six tested samples was submitted to Genbank with accessions: OM324396, OM324397, OM324398, OM324399, OM3243100, and OM3243101.
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13
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Alocilla OA, Monti G. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus within and herd prevalence on pasture-based dairy systems, in southern Chile dairy farms. Prev Vet Med 2021; 198:105533. [PMID: 34826733 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a ubiquitous endemic disease in most bovine populations that causes a negative economic impact on cattle production systems. However, true herd and individual prevalence in Chile have not been estimated based on statistical and epidemiological considerations and uncertainty regarding the infection's extension at animal and herd levels. In addition, the risk factors that can influence how the infection has spread among the cattle premises have not been assessed yet. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate true herd and animal prevalence of active BVDV infection in pasture-based dairy herds and to evaluate risk factors potentially associated with the status of herds and the within-herd prevalence, using a Bayesian approach. A cross-sectional study was performed over a random stratified (proportional to herd size) sample of one-hundred and fifty dairy herds selected in Chile's two leading dairy regions (Region de Los Ríos and Region de Los Lagos). We obtained 12.311 blood samples from lactating cows, but 4.998 randomly selected samples were processed due to budget constraints. For estimating BVDV Herd Prevalence (HP), a herd was considered infected if at least one positive animal to Ag-ELISA was found. In addition, a survey was completed on each farm, aiming to collect information to assess the influence of some variables over the state of the herds; both estimations were obtained using a Bayesian approach. True herd prevalence and true individual prevalence of BVDV active infection were estimated at 77 % and 3.5 % respectively, no significant differences were found between characteristics like herd size, location, vaccination, etc. Open herds and herds that mix herd categories are more likely to have higher BVDV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Alocilla
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
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14
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Use of multivariate analysis to evaluate antigenic relationships between US BVDV vaccine strains and non-US genetically divergent isolates. J Virol Methods 2021; 299:114328. [PMID: 34710497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) comprises two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. But given the genetic diversity among pestiviruses, at least 22 subgenotypes are described for BVDV-1 and 3-4 for BVDV-2. Genetic characterization is generally accomplished through complete or partial sequencing and phylogeny, but it is not a reliable method to define antigenic relationships. The traditional method for evaluating antigenic relationships between pestivirus isolates is the virus neutralization (VN) assay, but interpretation of the data to define antigenic relatedness can be difficult to discern for BVDV isolates within the same BVDV species. Data from this study utilized a multivariate analysis for visualization of VN results to analyze the antigenic relationships between US vaccine strains and field isolates from Switzerland, Italy, Brazil, and the UK. Polyclonal sera were generated against six BVDV strains currently contained in vaccine formulations, and each serum was used in VNs to measure the titers against seven vaccine strains (including the six homologous strains) and 23 BVDV field isolates. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using VN titers, and results were interpreted from PCA clustering within the PCA dendrogram and scatter plot. The results demonstrated clustering patterns among various isolates suggesting antigenic relatedness. As expected, the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 isolates did not cluster together and had the greatest spatial distribution. Notably, a number of clusters representing antigenically related BVDV-1 subgroups contain isolates of different subgenotypes. The multivariate analysis may be a method to better characterize antigenic relationships among BVDV isolates that belong to the same BVDV species and do not have distinct antigenic differences. This might be an invaluable tool to ameliorate the composition of current vaccines, which might well be important for the success of any BVDV control program that includes vaccination in its scheme.
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15
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Spetter MJ, Louge Uriarte EL, Verna AE, Leunda MR, Pereyra SB, Odeón AC, González Altamiranda EA. Genomic diversity and phylodynamic of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105089. [PMID: 34563649 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen of ruminants worldwide and is characterized by high genetic diversity and a wide range of clinical presentations. In Argentina, several studies have evaluated the genetic diversity of BVDV but no phylodynamic study has been published yet. In this study, a comprehensive compilation and update of Argentinean BVDV sequences were performed, and the evolutionary history of BVDV was characterized by phylodynamic analyses based on the 5´UTR. Although BVDV-1b and BVDV-1a were the most frequent subtypes, novel subtypes for Argentina, 1e and 1i, were identified. The phylodynamic analysis suggested that BVDV started its diversification in the mid-1650s with an exponential increase in viral diversity since the late 1990s, possibly related to the livestock expansion and intensification in the country. Evolutionary rate in the 5´UTR was faster for BVDV-1a than for BVDV-1b, and both subtypes presented an endemic nature according to the demographic reconstructions. The current study contributes to clarify the evolutionary history of BVDV in the main cattle region of the country and provides useful information about the epidemiology and future development of diagnostic and control tools in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano J Spetter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Louge Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Leunda
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Susana B Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika A González Altamiranda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Virología Veterinaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible INTA - CONICET, Ruta 226 km 73,5, CP 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
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16
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Gomez-Romero N, Ridpath JF, Basurto-Alcantara FJ, Verdugo-Rodriguez A. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle From Mexico: Current Status. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673577. [PMID: 34485426 PMCID: PMC8414649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease, globally-distributed, caused by bovine Pestiviruses, endemic of cattle and other ruminant populations. BVD leads to significant economic losses to the cattle industry due to the wide range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and reproductive disorders. Within the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae three viral species are associated with BVD; Pestivirus A (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H (HoBi-like pestivirus, atypical ruminant pestivirus). These species are subdivided into subgenotypes based on phylogenetic analysis. The extensive genetic diversity of BVDV has been reported for several countries, where the incidence and genetic variation are more developed in Europe than in the Americas. The first report of BVDV in Mexico was in 1975; this study revealed seropositivity of 75% in cows with a clinical history of infertility, abortions, and respiratory disease. Other studies have demonstrated the presence of antibodies against BVDV with a seroprevalence ranging from 7.4 to 100%. Recently, endemic BVDV strains affecting cattle populations started to be analyzed, providing evidence of the BVDV diversity in several states of the country, revealing that at least four subgenotypes (BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, and 2a) are circulating in animal populations in Mexico. Little information regarding BVD epidemiological current status in Mexico is available. This review summarizes available information regarding the prevalence and genetic diversity viruses associated with BVD in cattle from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninnet Gomez-Romero
- Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ridpath Consulting, LLC and Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Francisco Javier Basurto-Alcantara
- Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF. Epidemiology of Pestivirus H in Brazil and Its Control Implications. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:693041. [PMID: 34368280 PMCID: PMC8342886 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.693041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with viruses in the Pestivirus A (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV1) and B species (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2, BVDV2), members of the Pestivirus H are mainly cattle pathogens. Viruses belonging to the Pestivirus H group are known as HoBi-like pestiviruses (HoBiPev). Genetic and antigenic characterization suggest that HoBiPev are the most divergent pestiviruses identified in cattle to date. The phylogenetic analysis of HoBiPev results in at least five subgroups (a–e). Under natural or experimental conditions, calves infected with HoBiPev strains typically display mild upper respiratory signs, including nasal discharge and cough. Although BVDV1 and BVDV2 are widely distributed and reported in many South American countries, reports of HoBiPev in South America are mostly restricted to Brazil. Despite the endemicity and high prevalence of HoBiPev in Brazil, only HoBiPev-a was identified to date in Brazil. Unquestionably, HoBiPev strains in BVDV vaccine formulations are required to help curb HoBiPev spread in endemic regions. The current situation in Brazil, where at this point only HoBiPev-a seems present, provides a more significant opportunity to control these viruses with the use of a vaccine with a single HoBiPev subtype. Despite the lack of differentiation among bovine pestiviruses by current BVDV tests, the reduced genetic variability of HoBiPev in Brazil may allow reliable identification of cases within the region. On the other hand, introducing foreign ruminants, biologicals, and genetic material to South America, especially if it originated from other HoBiPev-endemic countries, should consider the risk of introducing divergent HoBiPev subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK, United States
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18
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King J, Pohlmann A, Dziadek K, Beer M, Wernike K. Cattle connection: molecular epidemiology of BVDV outbreaks via rapid nanopore whole-genome sequencing of clinical samples. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:242. [PMID: 34247601 PMCID: PMC8272987 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a global ruminant pathogen, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for the disease Bovine Viral Diarrhea with a variety of clinical presentations and severe economic losses worldwide. Classified within the Pestivirus genus, the species Pestivirus A and B (syn. BVDV-1, BVDV-2) are genetically differentiated into 21 BVDV-1 and four BVDV-2 subtypes. Commonly, the 5' untranslated region and the Npro protein are utilized for subtyping. However, the genetic variability of BVDV leads to limitations in former studies analyzing genome fragments in comparison to a full-genome evaluation. RESULTS To enable rapid and accessible whole-genome sequencing of both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, nanopore sequencing of twelve representative BVDV samples was performed on amplicons derived through a tiling PCR procedure. Covering a multitude of subtypes (1b, 1d, 1f, 2a, 2c), sample matrices (plasma, EDTA blood and ear notch), viral loads (Cq-values 19-32) and species (cattle and sheep), ten of the twelve samples produced whole genomes, with two low titre samples presenting 96 % genome coverage. CONCLUSIONS Further phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences emphasizes the necessity of whole-genome sequencing to identify novel strains and supplement lacking sequence information in public repositories. The proposed amplicon-based sequencing protocol allows rapid, inexpensive and accessible obtainment of complete BVDV genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kamila Dziadek
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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19
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Fritzen JTT, Morettin AB, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1a in a mummified fetus from a Brazilian dairy cattle herd. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:966-968. [PMID: 34078202 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the molecular analysis of a wild-type field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) identified in a mummified fetus from a small Brazilian dairy cattle herd. Nucleic acids extracted from samples of the lung, liver, heart, spleen, and kidney were tested by PCR assays for bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Neospora caninum, Leptospira spp., Histophilus somni, and Brucella abortus, a nested PCR assay for Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum, and a RT-PCR assay for BVDV. Amplicons were only obtained in the RT-PCR assay for the partial amplification of the BVDV 5'UTR (288 bp) in kidney and spleen samples and the Npro (438 bp) gene in the kidney sample. Nucleotide sequencing of the amplified products and phylogenetic analyses based on the 2 BVDV genomic regions enabled the BVDV strain to be classified as subgenotype 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T T Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Arthur B Morettin
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, and National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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20
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de Oliveira Freitas C, de Oliveira PSB, Monteiro FL, Noll JCG, Silva Júnior JVJ, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Sequence analysis of the DA domain of glycoprotein E2 of pestiviruses isolated from beef cattle in Southern Brazil. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1163-1170. [PMID: 33554289 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein E2 of pestiviruses is a major target for neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we analyzed the E2 DA domain of 43 pestiviruses from Southern Brazil. The isolates were identified as Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subtypes 1a and 1b or BVDV-2b. Compared to reference strains, the BVDV-1 and -2 isolates had four and two mutations in the DA domain, respectively. All BVDV-2 isolates had a deletion of residues 724 and 725. All mutated amino acids in the BVDV isolates had the same aa substitution, and all were in previously identified antibody binding sites. It is possible that an immunity-mediated selection is acting on the pestiviruses circulating in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Oliveira Freitas
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pablo Sebastian Britto de Oliveira
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielle Liz Monteiro
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Caroline Gomes Noll
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Diel Laboratory, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rudi Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Kalaiyarasu S, Mishra N, Jayalakshmi K, Selvaraj P, Sudhakar SB, Jhade SK, Sood R, Premalatha N, Singh VP. Molecular characterization of recent HoBi-like pestivirus isolates from cattle showing mucosal disease-like signs in India reveals emergence of a novel genetic lineage. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:308-326. [PMID: 33411944 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural infections with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, there is no information on currently circulating HoBiPeV strains and associated severe clinical disease. Between September 2018 and December 2019, suspected cases of bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease in cattle were noticed in farmers' small holdings in Tamil Nadu State. To determine the extent of pestivirus infection, blood, serum, nasal or oral swab samples of 46 cattle from 18 villages were tested. Based on the real-time RT-PCR, antigen ELISA and nucleotide sequencing results, pestivirus was detected in nine cattle from eight villages in two districts and all pestiviruses were identified as HoBiPeV. All nine HoBiPeV-infected cattle displayed clinical signs resembling MD and HoBiPeV isolates (n = 9) obtained were characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analyses based on 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR), Npro and combined 5'-UTR-Npro gene sequences revealed that eight HoBiPeV isolates clustered into a clade, distinct from all reported HoBiPeV clades (a-d), whereas one belonged to HoBiPeV-d clade, thus providing evidence of emergence of a novel HoBiPeV clade (e). This was also supported by HoBiPeV-e clade-specific amino acid substitutions in Npro and the antigenic reactivity patterns. The study demonstrates the existence and independent evolution of five HoBiPeV clades (four main clades) globally and surprisingly three exclusive to India. Also we confirm first HoBiPeV occurrence in southern India with predominant prevalence of HoBiPeV-e strains. Besides demonstrating increased HoBiPeV genetic diversity, here we show association of HoBiPeV with severe clinical disease involving fatalities highlighting impact of HoBiPeV on cattle health. The emergence of a novel HoBiPeV lineage provides new insights on global HoBiPeV epidemiology and genetic diversity reiterating the need for continuous monitoring of HoBiPeV in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niranjan Mishra
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Konappan Jayalakshmi
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Palanisamy Selvaraj
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | | | - Richa Sood
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Narayanasammi Premalatha
- Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thanjavur, India
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Silveira S, Cibulski SP, Junqueira DM, Mósena ACS, Weber MN, Mayer FQ, Canal CW. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of HoBi-like pestivirus: Insights into origin and dispersal. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1909-1917. [PMID: 32073749 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), currently classified as Pestivirus H species, is a pathogen associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in ruminants, particularly in cattle. Since HoBiPeV complete genome sequencing data is scarce, in the present study we described five nearly complete new Brazilian HoBiPeV genomes and further perform a more complete genetic and evolutionary characterization with all additional genome sequences available in the GenBank database. Entropy and selection pressure analysis showed the E2 gene, a surface glycoprotein, is the most variable gene, which also displays the greatest number of sites under positive selection. Phylogenetic and Bayesian inference based on complete genome and Npro gene, respectively, from all HoBiPeV sequences available so far, confirms the existence of three main clades (a, b, and c). The abovementioned analysis suggests that this pestivirus species probably emerged in Asia and spread to different regions including Brazil, where only strains belonging to specific genetic group 'a' have been found. The hypothesis of the HoBiPeV introduction in Brazil (between 1,890 and 1,962), formulated based on Bayesian inference, coincides with a period of intensive importation of water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) and indicine cattle (Bos taurus indicus) from Asia to Brazil, suggesting that this could be the origin of the current Brazilian HoBiPeV genetic group 'a'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Xanxerê, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, CBiotec, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Multivariate analysis as a method to evaluate antigenic relationships between BVDV vaccine and field strains. Vaccine 2020; 38:5764-5772. [PMID: 32690424 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is comprised of two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, but given the genetic diversity among pestiviruses, at least 21 subgenotypes are described for BVDV-1 and 4 for BVDV-2. Genetic characterization can be achieved through complete or partial sequencing and phylogeny, but antigenic characterization can be difficult to determine due to the antigenic diversity and cross-neutralization that exists among isolates. The traditional method for evaluating antigenic relationships between pestivirus isolates is the virus neutralization (VN) assay, but interpretation of the data to determine antigenic difference can be unclear. Data from this study utilized a multivariate analysis for visualization of VN results to analyze the antigenic relationships between vaccine strains and multiple field isolates. Polyclonal sera were generated against 6 BVDV strains currently contained in vaccine formulations, and each serum was used in VN's to measure the neutralizing antibody titers against 15 BVDV field isolates characterized as prevalent and divergent subgenotypes in the USA. Principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on the VN assay datasets, and results were interpreted from PCA clustering within the PCA dendrogram and scatter plot. The results demonstrated clustering patterns among isolates suggestive of antigenic differences. While expected, the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 isolates did not cluster together and had the greatest spatial distribution. In addition, other BVDV isolates had distinct spatial patterns suggesting antigenically divergent isolates. This analysis provides an alternative and more efficient means to analyze large VN datasets to visualize antigenic relationships between pestivirus isolates. This analysis could be beneficial for vaccine development and evaluation of efficacy, since most vaccines cannot fully protect animals from the broad range diversity of BVDV viruses.
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Shi H, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Hu Y, Wang Z, Duan L, Leng C, Yan B, Yao L. Genetic Diversity of Bovine Pestiviruses Detected in Backyard Cattle Farms Between 2014 and 2019 in Henan Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:197. [PMID: 32363203 PMCID: PMC7181229 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine pestiviruses include Pestivirus A (BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H, which was originally called HoBi-like pestivirus. We conducted an epidemiological investigation for pestiviruses circulating in backyard cattle farms in central China. RT-PCR assays and sequences analysis were conducted on 54 nasal swabs, 26 serum samples, and three lung samples from cattle with respiratory infections and identified 29 pestivirus strains, including 24 Pestivirus A and five Pestivirus H strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 5'-UTR and Npro sequences showed that the genotypes of 24 Pestivirus A strains included Pestivirus A 1b (six isolates), Pestivirus A 1m (six isolates), Pestivirus A 1q (two isolates), Pestivirus A 1u (one isolates), and Pestivirus A 1o (nine isolates, a putative new sub-genotype). In addition, a single Pestivirus H agenotype included all five Pestivirus H strains. This study revealed extensive genetic variations within bovine pestivirus isolates derived from cattle in backyard farms in Central China, and this epidemiological information improves our understanding of the epidemics of bovine Pestiviruses, as well as will be useful in designing and evaluating diagnostic methods and developing more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lisha Duan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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25
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Hao F, Mao L, Li W, Li J, Yang L, Zhang W, Jiang J, Sun M, Xie X, Liu M. Epidemiological investigation and genomic characterization of Caprine herpesvirus 1 from goats in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 79:104168. [PMID: 31899234 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) is a member of the alpha subfamily of herpersviruses, and is responsible for genital lesions and latent infections in goat population worldwide. Here, we describe goats suffered severe respiratory diseases caused by alphaherpesvirus during 2013 to 2014 in Jiangsu province of China. CpHV-1 was detected out by PCR with a prevalence of 21.1% (40/190), among which three novel CpHV-1 strains were firstly identified and isolated in China. Phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein B (gB) gene revealed that these new viruses were closely clustered with CpHV-1 strain E/CH. The isolate JSHA1405 was further studied by transmission electron microscopy, and displayed typical herpesvirus morphology. Then, for the first time, complete viral genome of JSHA1405 was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq and third-generation sequencing technology. The viral genome is 134,617 bp in length and the genome characteristics were deeply analyzed. 69 open reading frames were predicted and annotated, which was less than that of BoHV-1. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome revealed that JSHA1405 was classified into the same branch with previous CpHV-1 strains as well. Moreover, the pathogenicity test is further evidence that JSHA1405 strain induced obvious symptoms of high fever and nasal discharge in infected goats, consistent with clinical manifestations. This is the first report about isolation and identification of CpHV-1 in China and the first characterization of CpHV-1 genome structure. The research also provides a basis for understanding the characteristics, viral genome and pathogenicity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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26
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Deng M, Chen N, Guidarini C, Xu Z, Zhang J, Cai L, Yuan S, Sun Y, Metcalfe L. Prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 242:108565. [PMID: 32122580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the nationwide prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in China, 92 dairy farms with more than 500 animals in 19 provinces of China were surveyed in 2017. At each farm, ear notch samples from calves less than six months old and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected. A total of 901 ear notch samples and 329 BTM samples from 183 tanks were sampled. A total of 20 (20/901, 2.22 %) ear notch samples from 10 (10/92, 10.86 %) farms tested positive for BVDV by IDEXX Antigen Point-of-Care (POC) Test kit and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, 80 of 183 (80/183, 43.7 %) BTM samples from 43 (43/92, 46.7 %) farms were identified as positive by qRT-PCR. The RNA of positive and suspect samples identified by qRT-PCR was subjected to 5'- untranslated region (UTR) amplification by nested RT-PCR and then sequenced. A total of 119 sequences were obtained and phylogenetic analysis of these 5'-UTR sequences revealed the presence of eight different subgenotypes of BVDV-1 including 1a (n = 37, 31.09 %), 1b (n = 5, 4.20 %), 1c (n = 34, 28.57 %), 1d (n = 2, 1.68 %), 1m (n = 25, 21.01 %), 1q (n = 6, 5.04 %), and two unknown subgenotypes which were tentatively typed as "BVDV-1v" (n = 8, 6.72 %) and "BVDV-1w" (n = 2, 1.68 %), respectively. BVDV-1a, 1c, and 1m were the dominant strains, collectively accounting for 80.67 % (96/119) of all sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on selected N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequences confirmed the classification of the 5'-UTR sequences. In conclusion, the prevalence of BVDV persistent infection in dairy cattle was high and genetic diversity was high and increasing, revealing a serious threat to the health of cattle in China and highlighting the need for BVDV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Deng
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christian Guidarini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Lingjie Cai
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lucy Metcalfe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Abstract
The pestiviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), 2 (BVDV-2), and HoBi-like (HoBiPeV) are endemic among Brazilian cattle, the world's largest commercial bovine herd. In the last two decades (1998-2018) over 300 bovine pestiviruses have been partially or fully sequenced in Brazil, including viruses from different regions, different epidemiological backgrounds, and associated with diverse clinical presentations. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses demonstrated a predominance of BVDV-1 (54.4%), with subgenotypes -1a (33.9% of total) and -1b (16.3%) being more frequent and subgenotypes -1d, -1e, and -1i at very low frequencies. The overall BVDV-2 frequency was 25.7% but it varied largely by region, reaching up to 48% in Southern states. BVDV-2b was the predominant subgenotype (84.8% of BVDV-2), followed by BVDV-2a (8.86%). HoBiPeV accounted for 19.9% (61/307) of the genotyped viruses and were detected at high frequency in cattle from Northeastern states. These findings demonstrate a unique mix of pestivirus species and subgenotypes, unlike that seen in Europe or North America. The design of effective diagnostic tools, vaccines, and control programs for limiting bovine pestivirus infections in Brazil must take into consideration this unique mix of viruses. This article provides a critical review of two decades of genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazil.
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Mirosław P, Polak M. Increased genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in Poland. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:278. [PMID: 31382966 PMCID: PMC6683398 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes severe economic losses and is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide. The infection manifests itself in a variety of clinical symptoms. Phylogenetic studies based mainly on 5’UTR of its genome, identified many different subtypes of BVDV. Previous study indicated the predominance of BVDV-1b and BVDV-1d in Poland. The aim of this study was to genotype BVDV isolates currently circulating in Polish dairy herds. Results BVDV was detected in 30 herds. Viral subtypes were identified using sequences of the 5’UTR fragment and they were confirmed within a fragment of the Npro region. Seven subtypes of BVDV-1 species have been identified: 1b, 1 g, 1f, 1d, 1r, 1 s and 1e. Conclusion The number of subtypes of BVDV in Poland evolves and 2 new subtypes have been identified for the first time. Such studies may have a positive impact on successful eradication of the virus using effective vaccines and diagnostic tests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2029-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mirosław
- Department of Virology of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Polak
- Department of Virology of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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Oliveira TES, Pelaquim IF, Flores EF, Massi RP, Valdiviezo MJJ, Pretto-Giordano LG, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE, Headley SA. Mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67 Suppl 2:82-93. [PMID: 31232526 PMCID: PMC7228412 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in Southern Brazil were investigated. Pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and Mycoplasma bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor any of the infectious disease pathogens evaluated occurred in three cows. The presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 75% (24/32) of these cases indicated the complex origin of pneumonia in cattle. Interstitial pneumonia, necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and suppurative bronchopneumonia were the principal patterns of pulmonary disease identified by histopathology. The most frequent pathogens identified by IHC were bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; n = 18), M. bovis (n = 16) and bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1; n = 14), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; n = 11) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3; n = 5). Obliterative bronchiolitis and peribronchial lymphocytic cuffings were the characteristic histopathologic features associated with M. bovis. Necrohemorrhagic bronchitis with bronchial angiogenesis was associated with BoHV-1. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis were associated with BVDV, BoHV-1 and BRSV. Ballooning degeneration of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia was associated with BRSV and BoHV-1. This is the first report from Brazil that correlated the histopathologic findings of BRD with the associated infectious disease agents by immunohistochemistry. M. bovis was frequently detected in the tissues of cows with fatal pulmonary disease during this study and may be a possible primary disease pathogen associated with the development of BRD in dairy cows. Additionally, the histopathologic features identified within patterns of pulmonary disease during this investigation may be an efficient diagnostic tool to associate histopathologic findings with specific agents of BRD in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pelisson Massi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milton James Jiménez Valdiviezo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Elsen Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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30
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Monteiro FL, Martins B, Cargnelutti JF, Noll JG, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Genetic identification of pestiviruses from beef cattle in Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:557-563. [PMID: 30877664 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine pestiviruses, e.g., bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 (BVDV-1 or Pestivirus A), BVDV-2 (Pestivirus B), and HoBi-like pestiviruses (HoBiPeV or Pestivirus H), have been shown to circulate in Brazilian cattle in varied proportions. In this study, we identified genetically pestiviruses circulating in beef cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, the southern most Brazilian state. Screening of serum of 15.584 beef calves destined to be export by an antigen capture ELISA and, subsequently, by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), revealed 135 containing pestivirus RNA. Genetic typing of these viruses based on nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the viral genome allowed for the identification of 90 different viruses, being 38 BVDV-1 (42.2%), 31 BVDV-2 (34.4%), and 21 HoBiPeV (23.4%). Among BVDV-1, only subtypes BVDV-1a (n = 28, 31.1%) and BVDV-1b (n = 10, 11.1%) were identified. All 31 BVDV-2 isolates belonged to BVDV-2b subtype and the 21 HoBiPeV viruses clustered to subgroup 3a. Thus, this study provides an approximate genetic profile of pestiviruses circulating in beef cattle in a traditional Brazilian beef cattle-raising state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Liz Monteiro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica G Noll
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rudi Weiblen
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Setor de Virologia (SV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Figueiredo P, de Oliveira DB, Figueiredo LB, Costa GB, Alves PA, Guedes MIMC, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Drumond BP, Abrahão JS, Kroon EG, de Souza Trindade G. Molecular detection and phylogeny of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 among cattle herds from Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:571-577. [PMID: 30879262 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the circulating BVDV species and genotypes among cattle herds from Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions in Brazil. A total of 77 animals tested positive through standard PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of BVDV-1a, highlighting the need for better surveillance strategies to prevent BVDV spread in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandra Barcelos Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Galileu Barbosa Costa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Bianchi MV, Silveira S, Mósena ACS, de Souza SO, Konradt G, Canal CW, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Pathological and virological features of skin lesions caused by BVDV in cattle. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:271-277. [PMID: 30637633 PMCID: PMC6863298 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis might occur in mucosal disease (MD) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This study describes the pathological and virological features of skin lesions associated with BVDV infection in four persistently infected (PI) cattle. Skin samples were reprocessed for histopathology and IHC. BVDV isolates were obtained and were genetically characterized. In addition to upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, all cattle (one outbreak and three individual cases) presented focal crusty and ulcerative lesions affecting the mucocutaneous and skin-horn junctions, interdigital clefts, pastern, and areas surrounding the dewclaws and diffuse thickened skin within 7-20 days of infection. Microscopic analysis revealed parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and single-cell keratinocyte death, accompanied by ballooning degeneration and spongiosis in the epidermis, as well as intraepithelial and subcorneal pustules. IHC showed BVDV antigen in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes undergoing individual cell death. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from cattle #1, #2, and #4 belonged to BVDV-1a, whereas that from cattle #3 belonged to BVDV-1d. Cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #2 and #3 (MD), and non-cytopathic BVDV was isolated from cattle #1 and #4. Thus, BVDV infection might cause acute disease, characterized by skin and upper alimentary system ulcerative lesions, in both MD and PI cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Viezzer Bianchi
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Simone Silveira
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Suyene Oltramari de Souza
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Konradt
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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Zhou K, Yue H, Tang C, Ruan W, Zhou Q, Zhang B. Prevalence and genome characteristics of atypical porcine pestivirus in southwest China. J Gen Virol 2018; 100:84-88. [PMID: 30516465 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) causes congenital tremor (CT) in piglets and has a wide geographical distribution. In this study, we evaluated APPV prevalence using 165 piglet sera from southwest China. Viral RNA was detectable by qRT-PCR in 43.6 % (17/39, 95 % CI 27.8-60.4 %) of piglets with CT, while viral RNA was not detected in the sera of any healthy piglets. The seven complete APPV genomes were obtained from distinct farms and were 11 269-11 459 nucleotides in length. The genomes of the seven strains shared 82.8-98 % identity with the APPV reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes as well as E2 and Nrpo sequences revealed that the seven APPVs clustered into two groups: four strains belonged to genogroups A and D and three strains belonged to a novel APPV genotype, tentatively called genogroup E. This study provides important insights into the epidemiological features and genetic diversity of APPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Zhou
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,3Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Cheng Tang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,3Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Ruan
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qun Zhou
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- 3Animal Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu 610041, PR China.,1College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Goats in Southwestern China. J Vet Med 2018; 2018:8274397. [PMID: 30581873 PMCID: PMC6276411 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8274397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, as well as some wild animals. BVDV causes considerable economic losses every year and many countries have developed programs aimed at the eradication of this disease. The genetic diversity of BVDV in diseased goats has never been described in southwestern China. Thus, in this study, we applied antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR to survey the infection rate of BVDV in diseased goats in this region. Our results demonstrated that the average BVDV infection rate in goats was 17.51%, with all positive samples indicating infection by BVDV-1 and not BVDV-2, BVDV-3, or Border disease virus. The molecular characteristics of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of BVDV-1 were recognized as belonging predominantly to the BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1m, and 1p subtypes. BVDV-1b and 1m were the most abundant subtypes identified in this region, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. This is the first study that describes the genetic characterization of BVDV in sick goats from southwestern China and is important for future studies and control programs.
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Donoso A, Inostroza F, Celedón M, Pizarro-Lucero J. Genetic diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from cattle in Chile between 2003 and 2007. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:314. [PMID: 30340596 PMCID: PMC6194550 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus causes significant economic losses in cattle. BVDV has high genomic diversity, with two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, and at least twenty-one subgenotypes for BVDV-1 and four subgenotypes for BVDV-2. Vaccines are important tools to reduce the economic losses caused by this virus. However, vaccine strains must correspond to the antigenic profile of the viruses present in the region where the vaccine is applied. A restricted phylogenetic study with 14 viruses isolated from cattle between 1993 and 2001 showed that the genetic profile of BVDV in Chile consisted of viruses of both species and sub-genotypes 1a, 1b, 1c (currently 1j) and 2a. To determine more accurately the genetic profile of BVDV in Chile, in this study a larger number of viruses obtained from bovines between 2003 and 2007 were typed. RESULTS The study was performed using partial sequences from the 5' noncoding region (5'UTR) and E2 coding region of the viral genome of thirty-five Chilean viruses isolated from geographic regions that have 84.6% of the Chilean cattle. All tested viruses belonged to species BVDV-1. Eighteen viruses belonged to BVDV-1j subgenotype (51.4%), twelve belonged to BVDV-1b (34.3%) and five belonged to BVDV-1a (14.3%). The Chilean BVDV-1j viruses showed low genetic diversity, both among themselves and with the BVDV-1j present in other regions of the world. This could be explained by a relatively recent introduction of this viral subgenotype in cattle, which agrees with its low geographical distribution worldwide. Otherwise, Chilean BVDV-1b viruses grouped into a single cluster, different even than the viruses present in Argentina and Brazil, countries geographically close to Chile, a process of local evolution that could generate antigenic differences between the Chilean viruses and the viruses used as vaccine strains. CONCLUSIONS The high presence of viruses of the BVDV-1j subgenotype, which show major antigenic differences with BVDV-1a and BVDV-1b subgenotypes used in the commercial vaccines, suggest that BVDV-1j viruses could be an emergent subgenotype of BVDV in cattle in South America and suggest evaluating an update of the vaccines used in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Donoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Inostroza
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Celedón
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pizarro-Lucero
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile.
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Glotov AG, Koteneva SV, Glotova TI, Yuzhakov AG, Maksyutov RA, Zaberezhnyy AD. PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BOVINE PESTIVIRUSES DETECTED IN SIBERIA. Vopr Virusol 2018; 63:185-191. [PMID: 36494975 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-4-185-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The results of phylogenetic analysis of three species of bovine pestiviruses circulating in six regions of Siberia, as well as those detected in fetal embryonic serum (FBS) and continuous cell cultures, are presented. The typing was made based on comparison of sequences from the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the viral genome. Among the highly productive dairy cattle, circulation of five subtypes of the BVDV1 (a, b, d, f, r) and BVDV2 was established. The predominant subtype was 1b (48% positive samples). The number of subtypes of BVDV1 was as follows: BVDV1: 1а (8%), 1b (48%), 1d (8%), 1f (16%) и 1r (8%) and BVDV2 (12%). Cell cultures revealed BVDV1a. The distribution of types and subtypes of viruses had geographical differences. BVDV1b, BVDV1d, BVDV1f и BVDV1r were detected in cattle or persistently infected (PI) animals in farms with respiratory distress. BVDV 1a revealed in the serum of PI heifer without manifestation of clinical symptoms. BVDV2 were detected in cattle with pathology of reproduction. The presence of the BVDV3 (atypical pestivirus) of the Italian group was established in seven lots of FBS obtained from two manufacturers. No evidence has been found for circulating of the atypical virus among cattle of various breeds, including imported, reindeers and red deers. Studies on the molecular epizootology of pestiviruses can be used to select and optimize the control strategy and address the issue of vaccine use in a particular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East
| | - S V Koteneva
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East
| | - T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East
| | - A G Yuzhakov
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - R A Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector
| | - A D Zaberezhnyy
- All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after Ya.R. Kovalenko
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Jardim JC, Amaral BP, Martins M, Sebastian P, Heinemann MB, Cortez A, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Respiratory signs, fever and lymphopenia in calves inoculated with Brazilian HoBi-like pestiviruses. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:264-268. [PMID: 30040999 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hobi-like viruses (HobiPeV) comprise a novel, recently classified species of bovine pestiviruses, originally identified in commercial fetal bovine serum of Brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. Although frequently isolated from clinical cases, most HobiPeV isolates failed to reproduce overt disease in cattle upon experimental inoculation. Herein, we describe the outcome of experimental infection of four to six months-old seronegative calves with two Brazilian HobiPeV isolates. Calves inoculated intranasally with isolate SV478/07 developed viremia between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (pi) and shed virus in nasal secretions up to day 11pi. These animals presented hyperthermia (day 7 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia from days 4 to 8pi. Clinically, all four calves developed varied degrees of apathy, anorexia, mild to moderate respiratory signs (nasal secretion, hyperemia), ocular discharge and pasty diarrhea in the days following virus inoculation. In contrast, calves inoculated with isolate SV757/15 presented only hyperthermia (days 3 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia (days 4-8 pi), without other apparent clinical signs. In these animals, viremia was detected up to day 9 pi and virus shedding in nasal secretions lasted up to day 12-14 pi. Both groups seroconverted to the inoculated viruses, developing virus neutralizing (VN) titers from 320 to 5120 at day 28pi. These results extend previous findings that experimental infections of calves with HobiPeV are predominantly mild, yet they also indicate that field isolates may differ in their ability to cause disease in susceptible animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - B P Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - P Sebastian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Brazil
| | - A Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Weiblen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, prédio 63A, Centro de Eventos, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Cruz RAS, Rodrigues WB, Silveira S, Oliveira VHS, Campos CG, Leite Filho RV, Boabaid FM, Driemeier D, Canal CW, Alfieri AA, Pescador CA, Colodel EM. Mucosal disease-like lesions caused by HoBi-like pestivirus in Brazilian calves in 2010-2011: Clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, and virological characterization. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:116-121. [PMID: 29913325 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A HoBi-like pestivirus was first described in 2004 in a Brazilian fetal bovine serum that was exported to Germany. Nevertheless, it is believed that the virus had been present since the 1990's, when it was detected in buffalos of Brazilian origin. Reproductive and respiratory diseases have been reported since 2001 in cattle, and more recently, diseases accompanied by a clinical presentation of mucosal disease-like (MD-like lesions have been reported as well. In the present study, the authors reported the oldest case of MD--like in cattle, associated with a HoBi-like pestivirus infection. Diarrhea, anorexia, nasal discharge, hypersalivation, and weakness were observed in 20 calves. For two of the animals, clinical follow-ups were performed. Following their death, necropsy was performed on these two calves. The main gross alterations observed were ulcers and erosions in the upper and lower digestive tract and interdigital dermatitis. Clinical history, gross findings, histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and virus isolation were determined as suitable tools for the diagnosis of a MD-like outbreak, caused by a HoBi-like pestivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A S Cruz
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78068000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade de Cuiabá, Av. Beira Rio, 3079-311, 78065-443 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitario, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Simone Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victor H S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitario, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Gonçalves Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78068000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo V Leite Filho
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana M Boabaid
- Centro Universitário de Tucuarembó, Universidad de la República, Ruta 5 km 386, 45000 Tucuarembó, Tbo, Uruguay
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitario, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Pescador
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78068000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson M Colodel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78068000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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39
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Silveira S, Falkenberg SM, Elderbrook MJ, Sondgeroth KS, Dassanayake RP, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Canal CW. Serological survey for antibodies against pestiviruses in Wyoming domestic sheep. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:96-99. [PMID: 29778211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pestiviruses including Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2 and Border disease virus (BDV) have been reported in both sheep and cattle populations, together with the HoBi-like, an emerging group of pestiviruses. Pestivirus control programs in the United States have focused on the control of BVDV-1 and 2. The incidence of pestivirus infection in sheep in the United States and the risk of transmission between cattle and sheep populations are unknown. The aim of this study was to perform serological surveillance for pestivirus exposure in sheep from an important sheep producing state in the Unites States, Wyoming. For this, sera from 500 sheep, collected across the state of Wyoming (US) in 2015-2016, were examined by comparative virus neutralization assay against four species/proposed species of pestiviruses: BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BDV and HoBi-like virus. Rates of exposure varied between geographic regions within the state. The overall pestivirus prevalence of antibodies was 5.6%. Antibodies were most frequently detected against BVDV-1 (4%), and the highest antibody titers were also against BVDV-1. Data from this study highlights understanding of the dynamics of sheep pestivirus exposure, consideration of reference strains used for VN assays, transmission patterns, and potential vaccination history should be taken into account in implementation of control measures against pestiviruses in sheep and for successful BVDV control programs in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S M Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit, National Animal Disease Center/ARS/USDA, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - M J Elderbrook
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - K S Sondgeroth
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - R P Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit, National Animal Disease Center/ARS/USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit, National Animal Disease Center/ARS/USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit, National Animal Disease Center/ARS/USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Monteiro FL, Cargnelutti JF, Braunig P, Folgueras-Flatschart AV, Santos NC, Pituco EM, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Detection and genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazilian lots of fetal bovine serum collected from 2006 to 2014. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The present study performed a genetic identification of pestiviruses contaminating batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS) produced in Brazil from 2006 to 2014. Seventy-three FBS lots were screened by a RT-PCR targeting the 5’untranslated region (UTR) of the pestivirus genome. Thirty-nine lots (53.4%) were positive for pestivirus RNA and one contained infectious virus. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5’UTR revealed 34 lots (46.6%) containing RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), being 23 BVDV-1a (5’ UTR identity 90.8-98.7%), eight BVDV-1b (93.9-96.7%) and three BVDV-1d (96.2- 97.6%). Six lots (8.2%) contained BVDV-2 (90.3-100% UTR identity) being two BVDV-2a; three BVDV-2b and one undetermined. Four FBS batches (5.5%) were found contaminated with HoBi-like virus (98.3 to 100%). Five batches (6.8%) contained more than one pestivirus. The high frequency of contamination of FBS with pestivirus RNA reinforce the need for systematic and updated guidelines for monitoring this product to reduce the risk of contamination of biologicals and introduction of contaminating agents into free areas.
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A Novel Genetic Group of Bovine Hepacivirus in Archival Serum Samples from Brazilian Cattle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4732520. [PMID: 28904959 PMCID: PMC5585675 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4732520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (genus Hepacivirus; family Flaviviridae) is a major human pathogen causing persistent infection and hepatic injury. Recently, emerging HCV-like viruses were described infecting wild animals, such as bats and rodents, and domestic animals, including dogs, horses, and cattle. Using degenerate primers for detecting bovine pestiviruses in a 1996 survey three bovine serum samples showed a low identity with the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family. A virus could not be isolated in cell culture. The description of bovine hepaciviruses (BovHepV) in 2015 allowed us to retrospectively identify the sequences as BovHepV, with a 88.9% nucleotide identity. In a reconstructed phylogenetic tree, the Brazilian BovHepV samples grouped within the bovine HCV-like cluster in a separated terminal node that was more closely related to the putative bovine Hepacivirus common ancestor than to bovine hepaciviruses detected in Europe and Africa.
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Silveira S, Baumbach LF, Weber MN, Mósena ACS, da Silva MS, Cibulski SP, Borba MR, Maia RD, Coimbra VCS, de Moraes GM, Ridpath JF, Canal CW. HoBi-like is the most prevalent ruminant pestivirus in Northeastern Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e113-e120. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - L. F. Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - A. C. S. Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - S. P. Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. R. Borba
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - R. D. Maia
- Instituto de Defesa e Inspeção Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte (IDIARN); Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - V. C. S. Coimbra
- Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGED-MA); São Luís Maranhão Brazil
| | - G. M. de Moraes
- Ministério da Agricultura; Pecuária e Abastecimento; Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - J. F. Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Unit; National Animal Disease Center/ARS/USDA; Ames IA USA
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Mósena ACS, Cibulski SP, Weber MN, Silveira S, Silva MS, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM, Canal CW. Genomic and antigenic relationships between two 'HoBi'-like strains and other members of the Pestivirus genus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3025-3034. [PMID: 28669036 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
'HoBi'-like viruses comprise a putative new species within the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. 'HoBi'-like viruses have been detected worldwide in batches of fetal calf serum, in surveillance programs for bovine pestiviruses and from animals presenting clinical signs resembling bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-associated diseases. To date, few complete genome sequences of 'HoBi'-like viruses are available in public databases. Moreover, detailed analyses of such genomes are still scarce. In an attempt to expand data on the genetic diversity and biology of pestiviruses, two genomes of 'HoBi'-like viruses recovered from Brazilian cattle were described and characterized in this study. Analysis of the whole genome and antigenic properties of these two new 'HoBi'-like isolates suggest that these viruses are genetically close to recognized pestiviruses. The present data provide evidence that 'HoBi'-like viruses are members of the genus Pestivirus and should be formally recognized as a novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia-Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
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Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060128. [PMID: 28587150 PMCID: PMC5490805 DOI: 10.3390/v9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Pestiviruses are a group of viruses of veterinary importance infecting livestock animals like pigs, cattle, and sheep, and also wildlife animals like wild boar and different deer species. While for decades only four classical species (Classical swine fever virus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, Border disease virus), and a few so-called atypical pestiviruses were known (e.g., Giraffe virus, Pronghorn virus, HoBi virus), a series of novel pestiviruses was identified in the last years (Bungowannah virus, Bat pestivirus, Norway rat pestivirus, Atypical porcine pestivirus, LINDA virus). The Australian Bungowannah virus could be isolated and further characterized by classical sequencing, but all the other latest novel pestiviruses were identified by metagenomics using next-generation sequencing technologies. Here, we describe these new viruses and their discovery and characterization. Differentiation is made between the occurrence of classical pestiviruses in new species and novel viruses or virus types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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