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Fowora MA, Aiyedogbon A, Omolopo I, Tajudeen AO, Onyeaghasiri F, Edu-Muyideen I, Olanlege ALO, Abioye A, Bamidele TA, Raheem T, Adesesan A, Iwalokun B, Salako BL. Nasal carriage of virulent and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a possible comorbidity of COVID-19. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:665. [PMID: 38777940 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) associated with COVID-19 has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between nasal S. aureus carriage and COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 391 participants presenting for COVID-19 test in Lagos, Nigeria, and S. aureus was isolated from the samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. All S. aureus isolates were screened for the presence of mecA, panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing was conducted for all the isolates. Participants with COVID-19 had double the prevalence of S. aureus (42.86%) compared to those who tested negative (20.54%). A significant association was seen between S. aureus nasal carriage and COVID-19 (p = 0.004). Antimicrobial sensitivity results showed resistance to oxacillin (100%), cefoxitin (53%), and vancomycin (98.7%). However, only 41% of the isolates harbored the mecA gene, with SCCmecV being the most common SCCmec type. There was no association between the carriage of virulence genes and COVID-19. A total of 23 Spa types were detected, with t13249 and t095 being the two most common spa types. CONCLUSION This study examined the association between nasal S. aureus carriage and SARS-COV-2 infection. Further research is required to fully explore the implications of S. aureus co-infection with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muinah Adenike Fowora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Adenike Aiyedogbon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibilola Omolopo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Oluwasegun Tajudeen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Idowu Edu-Muyideen
- Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Toyosi Raheem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adesegun Adesesan
- Department of Microbiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Iwalokun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Lawal Salako
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Monk EJM, Jones TPW, Bongomin F, Kibone W, Nsubuga Y, Ssewante N, Muleya I, Nsenga L, Rao VB, van Zandvoort K. Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial wound, skin, soft tissue and surgical site infections in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003077. [PMID: 38626068 PMCID: PMC11020607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat and AMR-attributable mortality is particularly high in Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Africa. The burden of clinically infected wounds, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and surgical site infections (SSI) in these regions is substantial. This systematic review reports the extent of AMR from sampling of these infections in Africa, to guide treatment. It also highlights gaps in microbiological diagnostic capacity. PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericheria coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in clinically infected wounds, SSTI and SSI in Central, Eastern, Southern or Western Africa, and studies reporting AMR from such clinical isolates. Estimates for proportions were pooled in meta-analyses, to estimate the isolation prevalence of each bacterial species and the proportion of resistance observed to each antibiotic class. The search (15th August 2022) identified 601 articles: 59 studies met our inclusion criteria. S. aureus was isolated in 29% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25% to 34%) of samples, E. coli in 14% (CI 11% to 18%), K. pneumoniae in 11% (CI 8% to 13%), P. aeruginosa in 14% (CI 11% to 18%) and A. baumannii in 8% (CI 5% to 12%). AMR was high across all five species. S. aureus was resistant to methicillin (MRSA) in >40% of isolates. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were both resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in ≥80% of isolates and resistant to aminoglycosides in 51% and 38% of isolates respectively. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii were both resistant to anti-pseudomonal carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) in ≥20% of isolates. This systematic review found that a large proportion of the organisms isolated from infected wounds, SSTI and SSI in Africa displayed resistance patterns of World Health Organisation (WHO) priority pathogens for critical or urgent antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J M Monk
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Infection Care Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P W Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Winnie Kibone
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Yakobo Nsubuga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Nelson Ssewante
- Child and Health Development Centre, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Lauryn Nsenga
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - V Bhargavi Rao
- The Mason Unit, MSF UK, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin van Zandvoort
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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El-Mahdy AM, Alqahtani M, Almukainzi M, Alghoribi MF, Abdel-Rhman SH. Effect of Resveratrol and Curcumin on Gene Expression of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Toxins. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:141-148. [PMID: 37986579 PMCID: PMC10840468 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can lead to a number of potentially terrible community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Among the diverse set of virulence factors that S. aureus possesses, secreted toxins play a particularly preeminent role in defining its virulence. In this work, we aimed to facilitate the development of novel strategies utilizing natural compounds to lower S. aureus's toxin production and consequently enhance therapeutic approaches. Two natural polyphenols, resveratrol (RSV) and curcumin (CUR), were tested for their effect on reducing toxin gene production of MRSA isolates. Fifty clinical MRSA isolates were gathered from Riyadh and Jeddah. Molecular screening of toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, seh, lukF, and lukS) harbored by MRSA was performed. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of RSV (50 μg/ml) and CUR (20 μg/ml) were determined to study their effect on the gene expression MRSA's toxin genes. Our findings revealed the presence of the tested genes in MRSA isolates, with lukF being the most prevalent gene and seh the least detected gene. We found that RSV reduced the relative expression of toxin genes, sea, seb, lukF, and lukS, respectively, while CUR decreased the relative expression of sea and seb genes in the examined isolates. Regarding lukF and lukS, CUR downregulated the expression of both genes in some isolates and upregulated the expression in other isolates. From these results, we concluded that RSV and CUR could be used as alternative therapeutic approaches to treat MRSA infections through reducing toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej M. El-Mahdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maisa Alqahtani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Almukainzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed F. Alghoribi
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaymaa H Abdel-Rhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AlMadinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Garrine M, Costa SS, Messa A, Massora S, Vubil D, Ácacio S, Nhampossa T, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Couto I. Antimicrobial resistance and clonality of Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteraemia in children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital, Mozambique, over two decades. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1208131. [PMID: 37555065 PMCID: PMC10406509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1208131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of bacteraemia, associated with high mortality, mainly due to the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Data on antibiotic susceptibility and genetic lineages of bacteraemic S. aureus are still scarce in Mozambique. The study aims to describe the antibiotic susceptibility and clonality of S. aureus isolated from blood cultures of children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital over two decades (2001-2019). METHODS A total of 336 S. aureus isolates detected in blood cultures of children aged <5 years were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion or minimal inhibitory concentration, and for the presence of resistance determinants by PCR. The clonality was evaluated by SmaI-PFGE, spa typing, and MLST. The SCCmec element was characterized by SCCmec typing. RESULTS Most S. aureus (94%, 317/336) were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics, and one quarter (25%) showed a MDR phenotype. High rates of resistance were detected to penicillin (90%) and tetracycline (48%); followed by erythromycin/clindamycin (25%/23%), and co-trimoxazole (11%), while resistance to methicillin (MRSA strains) or gentamicin was less frequent (≤5%). The phenotypic resistance to distinct antibiotics correlated well with the corresponding resistance determinants (Cohen's κ test: 0.7-1.0). Molecular typing revealed highly diverse clones with predominance of CC5 (17%, 58/336) and CC8 (16%), followed by CC15 (11%) and CC1 (11%). The CC152, initially detected in 2001, re-emerged in 2010 and became predominant throughout the remaining surveillance period, while other CCs (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC25, CC80, and CC88) decreased over time. The 16 MRSA strains detected belonged to clones t064-ST612/CC8-SCCmecIVd (69%, 11/16), t008-ST8/CC8-SCCmecNT (25%, 4/16) and t5351-ST88/CC88-SCCmecIVa (6%, 1/16). Specific clonal lineages were associated with extended length of stay and high in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We document the circulation of diverse MDR S. aureus causing paediatric bacteraemia in Manhiça district, Mozambique, requiring a prompt recognition of S. aureus bacteraemia by drug resistant clones to allow more targeted clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Augusto Messa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sérgio Massora
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Ácacio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk Samples of Dairy Cows in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081684. [PMID: 34442763 PMCID: PMC8402116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections are among the most common foodborne diseases. We performed the antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of S. aureus from milk samples of dairy cows in Manhiça District. We observed a high frequency of S. aureus (41%, 58/143), in which 71% (41/58) were from commercial farms and 29% (17/58) from smallholder farms. Half of the isolates (50%, 29/58) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with higher rates of resistance to penicillin (43%, 25/58), followed by tetracycline (16%, 9/58). Multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were rare (5%, 3/58 and 3%, 2/58, respectively). The genetic diversity was low, with predominance of human-adapted strains being: ST1/CC1-t5388 (78%) and ST152-t1299 (10%), followed by ST8/CC8-t1476 (5%) and ST5/CC5-t002 (3%) and lastly, ST508/CC45-t331 and ST152-t355, with 2% each. The Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was detected among 14% (8/58) of the isolates, while genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins were scarce (3%, 2/58). Our findings revealed a high frequency of S. aureus, with high rates of resistance to the antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine. Further investigations focusing on the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus from cattle and farmers will provide detailed insights on the genetic relatedness between the strains.
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Onanuga A, Adamu OJ, Odetoyin B, Hamza JA. NASAL CARRIAGE OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS OF TUDUN-WADA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA. Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 15:24-33. [PMID: 33884355 PMCID: PMC8047283 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v15i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains have been implicated in serious community-associated invasive infections and their increasing multidrug resistance is a major global health concern. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of the PVL gene and the antimicrobial resistance profile of nasal S. aureus isolates from healthy adults in Tundu-Wada, Gombe State of Nigeria. Methods and Materials: A total of 262 nasal samples from healthy adults were obtained and cultured. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by standard morphological and biochemical methods alongside with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of their 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion technique and the presence of mecA and PVL genes was determined by PCR analysis. Results: The overall nasal colonization of S. aureus was 17.6%. The prevalence of haemolysin and biofilm production among the isolates was 25(54.3%) and 42(91.3%), respectively. Only 2(4.3%) and 5(10.9%) possessed mecA and PVL genes respectively but none of the isolates harboured these two genes. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin but were highly susceptible (93.7%) to gentamicin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among the isolates was M 45.7% and all PVL-producing isolates were MDR while one of the isolates with mecA gene exhibited extensive-drug resistance (XDR). Conclusion: This is the first report of nasal colonization of MDR PVL-producing S. aureus in healthy adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. This study highlights the importance of routine surveillance of healthy populations to provide useful strategies for controlling the spread of virulent multidrug-resistant organisms within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Onanuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Tudun-Wada, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Ocholi Jonathan Adamu
- Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Tudun-Wada, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Odetoyin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jabir Adamu Hamza
- Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gombe State University, Tudun-Wada, Gombe State, Nigeria
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Osei Sekyere J, Mensah E. Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:29-58. [PMID: 31647583 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English-language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram-positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health-related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eric Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Association of tsst-1 and pvl with mecA Genes among Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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9
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Nagelkerke MMB, Sikwewa K, Makowa D, de Vries I, Chisi S, Dorigo-Zetsma JW. Prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant bacteria carried by in- and outpatients attending a secondary care hospital in Zambia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:378. [PMID: 28797299 PMCID: PMC5553783 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global health problem. Very little data on resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria in low-income countries exist. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant bacteria carried by in- and outpatients in the resource constraint setting of a secondary care hospital in Zambia. Nasal and rectal samples from 50 in- and 50 outpatients were collected. Patients were randomly selected and informed consent was obtained. Nasal samples were tested for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and rectal samples for Gram-negative rods (family of Enterobacteriaceae) non-susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Additionally, E-tests were performed on ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Results 14% of inpatients carried S. aureus, and 18% of outpatients. No MRSA was found. 90% of inpatients and 48% of outpatients carried one or more Enterobacteriaceae strains (75% Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and/or ceftriaxone (p < 0.001). Among inpatients gentamicin resistance was most prevalent (in 78%), whereas among outpatients ciprofloxacin resistance prevailed (in 38%). All ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were ESBL-positive; these were present in 52% of inpatients versus 12% of outpatients (p < 0.001). We conclude it is feasible to perform basic microbiological procedures in the hospital laboratory in a low-income country and generate data on antimicrobial susceptibility. The high prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae carried by in- and outpatients is worrisome. In order to slow down antimicrobial resistance, surveillance data on local susceptibility patterns of bacteria are a prerequisite to generate guidelines for antimicrobial therapy, to guide in individual patient treatment and to support implementation of infection control measures in a hospital. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2710-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lin J, Xu P, Peng Y, Lin D, Ou Q, Zhang T, Bai C, Ye X, Zhou J, Yao Z. Prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among a community-based diabetes population in Foshan, China. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 8:383-391. [PMID: 27808480 PMCID: PMC5415482 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Evidence suggests that diabetes might cause an increase in colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in community settings. We carried out a cross‐sectional study to determine the prevalence and influencing factors of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization among a community‐based diabetes population, and to identify the characteristics of the isolated strains. Materials and Methods A total of 956 participants from 11 community settings were included in the study. Results Of the 529 diabetes participants, 46 were colonized with S. aureus and 22 were colonized with MRSA. Of the 427 non‐diabetes participants, 25 were colonized with S. aureus and 12 were colonized with MRSA. Men (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.99, P = 0.047) were less likely to have S. aureus nasal colonization, and those with well‐controlled blood glucose (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01–4.13, P = 0.047) among the diabetes population were more likely to have S. aureus nasal colonization. The proportion of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus strains in the diabetes population (52.17%) was higher than that in the non‐diabetes population (28.00%; χ2 = 3.848, P = 0.050). The most common clonal complex type and Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec type of MRSA in diabetes population was clonal complex 5 (40.91%) and type IV (27.27%), respectively. The proportion of Panton–Valentine leukocidin gene in MRSA strains was 17.65%. There was great sequence type diversity in MRSA strains. Conclusions The prevalence of MRSA in the community‐based diabetes population was moderate, and the high proportions of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus strains and diverse molecular characteristics in the diabetes population should be noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Peng
- left for Chronic Disease, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianting Ou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junli Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Correa-Jiménez O, Pinzón-Redondo H, Reyes N. High frequency of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus causing pediatric infections in the city of Cartagena-Colombia. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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12
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Santosaningsih D, Santoso S, Budayanti NS, Suata K, Lestari ES, Wahjono H, Djamal A, Kuntaman K, van Belkum A, Laurens M, Snijders SV, Willemse-Erix D, Goessens WH, Verbrugh HA, Severin JA. Characterisation of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates harbouring mecA or Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes from four tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:610-8. [PMID: 26970318 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and clonal distribution of either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus obtained from clinical cultures in Indonesian hospitals. METHODS S. aureus isolates from clinical cultures of patients in four tertiary care hospitals in Denpasar, Malang, Padang and Semarang were included. We assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles using the Vitek2(®) system, determined the presence of the mecA gene and genes encoding PVL using PCR and analysed the clonal relatedness with Raman spectroscopy. SCCmec typing was performed for all MRSA isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for a subset of isolates. RESULTS In total, 259 S. aureus strains were collected. Of these, 17/259 (6.6%) and 48/259 (18.5%) were MRSA and PVL-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), respectively. The prevalence of MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA ranged between 2.5-8.9% and 9.5-29.1%, respectively and depended on geographic origin. PVL-positive MRSA were not detected. Raman spectroscopy of the strains revealed multiple Raman types with two predominant clusters. We also showed possible transmission of a ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III strain and a ST121 PVL-positive MSSA in one of the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS We showed that MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA are of clinical importance in Indonesian hospitals. A national surveillance system should be set-up to further monitor this. To reduce the prevalence of MRSA in Indonesian hospitals, a bundle of intervention measures is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr.Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sanarto Santoso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr.Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman S Budayanti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suata
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Endang S Lestari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Hendro Wahjono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Aziz Djamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University/Dr.M.Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Microbiology Unit, Biomérieux, Inc., La Balme, France
| | - Mitchell Laurens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,BaseClear BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan V Snijders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Willemse-Erix
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wil H Goessens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri A Verbrugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Conceição T, Coelho C, Santos Silva I, de Lencastre H, Aires-de-Sousa M. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Community in Luanda, Angola: Blurred Boundaries with the Hospital Setting. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:22-7. [PMID: 26505094 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the nosocomial prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Angola is over 60% and one of the highest in Africa, the extent of MRSA in the community is unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted a hospital-based study in which 158 children attending the emergency ward and ambulatory services of a pediatric hospital in Luanda, the capital of Angola, were screened for S. aureus nasal colonization. Overall, 70 (44.3%) individuals were colonized with S. aureus, of which 20 (28.6%) carried MRSA, resulting in a prevalence of 12.7% (20/158) of MRSA in the population screened. Molecular characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and SCCmec typing distributed the isolates into two major MRSA clones and one dominant methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) lineage, corresponding to the main clones circulating in hospitals in Luanda. The MRSA isolates mainly belonged to clones A (PFGE type A, spa type t105, ST5-IVa-65%) and B (PFGE B, t3869, ST88-IVa-30%), while MSSA isolates mainly belonged to clone L (PFGE type L, t861, ST508-42%). S. aureus isolates showed resistance to penicillin (96%), rifampin (87%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21%). In conclusion, the prevalence of MRSA among children in the community in Luanda is high and seems to originate from hospitals, warranting continuous monitoring and implementation of additional infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Conceição
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) , Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Céline Coelho
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) , Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos Silva
- 2 Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP) , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) , Oeiras, Portugal .,3 Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- 2 Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP) , Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Motamedi H, Rahmat Abadi SS, Moosavian SM, Torabi M. The Association of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and mecA Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Patients Referred to Educational Hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e22021. [PMID: 26468365 PMCID: PMC4601108 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.22021v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infection. Virulence genes play a major role in the pathogenicity of this agent and its infections. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are major challenge among infectious agents that can cause severe infections and mortality. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus produces a unique type of Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) that has low affinity for β-lactam antibiotics. Most of the MRSA bacterial strains can also produce a leukotoxin as Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) that increases the virulence of MRSA strains and can cause severe necrotic pneumonia. The presence of pvl gene is a genetic marker for the MRSA populations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the association of pvl and mecA genes in clinical isolates of MRSA. Materials and Methods: Fifty MRSA isolates were collected from 200 clinical samples from three different educational hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran, and identified by biochemical tests including catalase, oxidase, tube coagulase, mannitol fermentation, and sensitivity to furazolidone, resistance to bacitracin, PYR test and Voges-Proskauer test. Their resistance to methicillin was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. DNA was extracted by boiling and then the presence of pvl and mecA genes was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction method using specific primers. Results: The results revealed that mecA and pvl genes were positive for 15 (30%) and 3 (6%) of the isolates, respectively. None of mecA positive isolates was positive for pvl gene. Conclusions: It can be concluded from these results that fortunately the prevalence of pvl gene is low in MRSA isolates in this region and there is no association between the presence of pvl and mecA genes in these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Motamedi, Department of Biology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6133331045, Fax: +98-6133331045, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Maryam Torabi
- Department of Microbiology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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15
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Conceição T, Coelho C, Silva IS, de Lencastre H, Aires-de-Sousa M. Staphylococcus aureus in former Portuguese colonies from Africa and the Far East: missing data to help fill the world map. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:842.e1-842.e10. [PMID: 26003281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage among patients and healthcare workers in Angola (ANG), São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), Cape Verde (CV) and East Timor (ET), and to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence content and population structure of all S. aureus. Despite the importance of MRSA as a major human pathogen, data from these former Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia are scarce. A total of 2065 nasal swabs recovered between 2010-14 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular characterization of S. aureus showed: (i) a very high MRSA prevalence in ANG (61.6%), moderate in STP (25.5%), low in CV (5.6%) and null in ET; (ii) a high prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in STP (36.8%), ET (29.2%) and CV (28.3%) contrasting with ANG (7.9%); (iii) ST5-SCCmecIVa, ST8-IV/V and ST5-VI were the major MRSA clones in ANG (65.2%), STP (44.8%) and CV (50%), respectively; (iv) a high resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in ANG (66.5%) and STP (50.9%), to rifampin in ANG (77.3%), and to tetracycline in STP (26.3%) and ET (20.8%); (v) three major methicillin-susceptible S. aureus clones (ST15, ST508, ST152) were present in all four countries. Age <18 years (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24-3.31), previous surgery (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.24-4.83), no smoking (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.05-15.50), and longer hospitalization (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.49-4.28) were risk factors for MRSA carriage. This study provided the first comprehensive overview on MRSA in former Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia, missing data in the world map.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Coelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - I Santos Silva
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - H de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Oeiras, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Aires-de-Sousa
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal.
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16
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Abdulgader SM, Shittu AO, Nicol MP, Kaba M. Molecular epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:348. [PMID: 25983721 PMCID: PMC4415431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a serious global problem, with considerable impact on patients and substantial health care costs. This systematic review provides an overview on the clonal diversity of MRSA, as well as the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive MRSA in Africa. A search on the molecular characterization of MRSA in Africa was conducted by two authors using predefined terms. We screened for articles published in English and French through to October 2014 from five electronic databases. A total of 57 eligible studies were identified. Thirty-four reports from 15 countries provided adequate genotyping data. CC5 is the predominant clonal complex in the healthcare setting in Africa. The hospital-associated MRSA ST239/ST241-III [3A] was identified in nine African countries. This clone was also described with SCCmec type IV [2B] in Algeria and Nigeria, and type V [5C] in Niger. In Africa, the European ST80-IV [2B] clone was limited to Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia. The clonal types ST22-IV [2B], ST36-II [2A], and ST612-IV [2B] were only reported in South Africa. No clear distinctions were observed between MRSA responsible for hospital and community infections. The community clones ST8-IV [2B] and ST88-IV [2B] were reported both in the hospital and community settings in Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The proportion of PVL-positive MRSA carriage and/or infections ranged from 0.3 to 100% in humans. A number of pandemic clones were identified in Africa. Moreover, some MRSA clones are limited to specific countries or regions. We strongly advocate for more surveillance studies on MRSA in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima M Abdulgader
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adebayo O Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Mark P Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
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Özekinci T, Dal T, Yanık K, Özcan N, Can Ş, Tekin A, Yıldırım Hİ, Kandemir İ. Panton-Valentine leukocidin in community and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:1089-1094. [PMID: 26019595 PMCID: PMC4433891 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.976457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes serious hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) infections. Skin and soft-tissue infections especially are sometimes caused by strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL belongs to a family of bi-component leukocidal toxins produced by staphylococci. It is a pore-forming toxin encoded by lukF-PV and lukS-PV. A total of 70 S. aureus strains: 38 (54%) methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 32 (46%) methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), were isolated from patients admitted to Dicle University Hospital (Turkey). Identification of S. aureus and antibiotics-susceptibility testing were performed with PHOENIX 100. PVL genes and mecA genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 70 studied strains, 36 ones (51%) were community acquired and 34 ones (49%) were hospital acquired . A total of 38 (54%) strains were positive for mecA (mecA+), of which 32 ones (84%) were HA. Of the mecA− strains, 30 (94%) were CA. Of the 70 studied strains, 12 (17%) strains were PVL+: 8 (22%) of the 36 CA strains and 4 (12%) of the 34 HA strains. Of the 12 PVL+ strains, 4 strains were mecA+. The PVL positivity rate was 25% in MSSA, whereas 10.5% in MRSA. Of the overall PVL+ strains, seven strains were obtained from wounds; four ones from skin abscess; and one from blood culture. Taken together, the obtained results showed a substantial level of PVL genes in the studied region. Although PVL is known as a common virulence factor of CA MRSA, HA MRSA isolates in our study showed a considerable rate of PVL positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncer Özekinci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Tuba Dal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Keramettin Yanık
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Nida Özcan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Şükran Can
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ergani State Hospital , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Alicem Tekin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Yıldırım
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - İdris Kandemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
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