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Larsson L, Ohlsson S, Andersson TN, Watz E, Larsson S, Sandgren P, Uhlin M. Pathogen reduced red blood cells as an alternative to irradiated and washed components with potential for up to 42 days storage. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2024; 22:130-139. [PMID: 37458715 PMCID: PMC10920064 DOI: 10.2450/bloodtransfus.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urgency of maintaining a safe and adequate blood supply is increasing. One approach to ensure a sufficient supply is to limit the outdating frequency of blood components. Pathogen inactivation technology was developed primarily to increase safety by preventing transmission of infectious diseases. The Intercept Blood System for pathogen reduction of red blood cells (RBC) has additional benefits such as inactivation of leucocytes and removal of plasma and storage debris through centrifugation. Irradiation and automated washing are detrimental to the RBC membrane and often implicate shortened shelf-life. We aimed to assess whether pathogen inactivation can replace RBC irradiation and washing to avoid shelf-life reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS RBC concentrates (No.=48) were pooled-and-split into four study arms, which underwent pathogen inactivation treatment, irradiation, automated washing or no treatment (reference). RBC quality was evaluated during 42 days by assessment of storage lesion. Washing efficacy was defined by IgA and albumin reduction. RESULTS Pathogen reduced RBCs had similar membrane preservation to reference RBCs (hemolysis, microvesicles and extracellular potassium ions), whereas the RBCs were negatively impacted by irradiation or automated washing. ATP increased substantially post-pathogen inactivation, while 2,3-DPG decreased. Pathogen inactivation considerably reduced albumin and IgA, though slightly less efficiently than automated washing. DISCUSSION RBCs exhibit superior membrane preservation after pathogen inactivation treatment, compared to both irradiation and automated washing. This suggests that replacement is possible, even though the plasma reduction protocol could be further optimised.Replacement of irradiated and washed RBC concentrates with pathogen reduced RBC concentrates storable up to 42 days would be advantageous for both the blood supply and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Larsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theresa Neimert Andersson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Watz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stella Larsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Sandgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Handke W, Gravemann U, Müller TH, Wagner FF, Schulze TJ, Seltsam A. New ultraviolet C light-based method for pathogen inactivation of red blood cell units. Transfusion 2022; 62:2314-2323. [PMID: 36087025 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies for platelet concentrates and plasma are steadily becoming more established, but new PI treatment options for red blood cells (RBCs), the most commonly used blood component, still need to be developed. We present a novel approach to inactivating pathogens in RBC units employing ultraviolet C (UVC) light. METHODS Whole blood-derived leukoreduced RBCs suspended in PAGGS-C, a third generation additive solution, served as test samples, and RBCs in PAGGS-C or SAG-M as controls. Vigorous agitation and hematocrit reduction by diluting the RBCs with additional additive solution during illumination ensured that UVC light penetrated and inactivated the nine bacteria and eight virus species tested. Bacterial and viral infectivity assays and in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the system's PI capacity and to measure the RBC quality, metabolic, functional, and blood group serological parameters of UVC-treated versus untreated RBCs during 36-day storage. RESULTS UVC treatment of RBCs in the PAGGS-C additive solution did not alter RBC antigen expression, but significantly influenced some in vitro parameters. Compared to controls, hemolysis was higher in UVC-treated RBC units, but was still below 0.8% at 36 days of storage. Extracellular potassium increased early after PI treatment and reached ≤70 mmol/L by the end of storage. UVC-treated RBC units had higher glucose and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels than controls. CONCLUSION As UVC irradiation efficiently reduces the infectivity of relevant bacteria and viruses while maintaining the quality of RBCs, the proposed method offers a new approach for PI of RBC concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Handke
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Service, Nuremberg, Germany
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Stramer SL, Lanteri MC, Brodsky JP, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Groves JA, Townsend RL, Notari E, Bakkour S, Stone M, Simmons G, Spencer B, Tonnetti L, Busch MP. Mitigating the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections with vector-borne agents solely by means of pathogen reduction. Transfusion 2022; 62:1388-1398. [PMID: 35726756 PMCID: PMC9541364 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background This study evaluated whether pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in plasma and platelets using amotosalen/ultraviolet A light (A/UVA) or in red blood cells using amustaline/glutathione (S‐303/GSH) may be used as the sole mitigation strategy preventing transfusion‐transmitted West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viral, and Babesia microti, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Plasmodium parasitic infections. Methods Antibody (Ab) status and pathogen loads (copies/mL) were obtained for donations from US blood donors testing nucleic acid (NAT)‐positive for WNV, DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV, and B. microti. Infectivity titers derived from pathogen loads were compared to published PRT log10 reduction factors (LRF); LRFs were also reviewed for Plasmodium and T. cruzi. The potential positive impact on donor retention following removal of deferrals from required questioning and testing for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi was estimated for American Red Cross (ARC) donors. Results A/UVA and S‐303/GSH reduced infectivity to levels in accordance with those recognized by FDA as suitable to replace testing for all agents evaluated. If PRT replaced deferrals resulting from health history questions and/or NAT for WNV, Babesia, Plasmodium, and T. cruzi, 27,758 ARC donors could be retained allowing approximately 50,000 additional donations/year based on 1.79 donations/donor for calendar year 2019 (extrapolated to an estimated 125,000 additional donations nationally). Conclusion Pathogen loads in donations from US blood donors demonstrated that robust PRT may provide an opportunity to replace deferrals associated with donor questioning and NAT for vector‐borne agents allowing for significant donor retention and likely increased blood availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory A Foster
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David E Krysztof
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamel A Groves
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Edward Notari
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bryan Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Tonnetti
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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4
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Abstract
Thalassaemia is a diverse group of genetic disorders with a worldwide distribution affecting globin chain synthesis. The pathogenesis of thalassaemia lies in the unbalanced globin chain production, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis, increased haemolysis, and deranged iron homoeostasis. The clinical phenotype shows heterogeneity, ranging from close to normal without complications to severe requiring lifelong transfusion support. Conservative treatment with transfusion and iron chelation has transformed the natural history of thalassaemia major into a chronic disease with a prolonged life expectancy, albeit with co-morbidities and substantial disease burden. Curative therapy with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is advocated for suitable patients. The understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is guiding therapeutic advances. Novel agents have shown efficacy in improving anaemia and transfusion burden, and initial results from gene therapy approaches are promising. Despite scientific developments, worldwide inequality in the access of health resources is a major concern, because most patients live in underserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Janet L Kwiatkowski
- Division of Haematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Paediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yesim Aydinok
- Department of Paediatric Heamatology and Oncology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Malaria. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:512-524. [PMID: 35119479 PMCID: PMC8814801 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Brown BL, Wagner SJ, Hapip CA, Fischer E, Getz TM, Thompson-Montgomery D, Turgeon A. Time from apheresis platelet donation to cold storage: Evaluation of platelet quality and bacterial growth. Transfusion 2022; 62:439-447. [PMID: 34994468 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage reduces posttransfusion survival of platelets; however, it can improve platelet activation, lower risk of bacterial contamination, and extend shelf-life compared to room temperature (RT) storage. To facilitate large-scale availability, manufacturing process optimization is needed, including understanding the impact of variables on platelet potency and safety. Short time requirements from collection to storage is challenging for large blood centers to complete resuspension and qualify platelets for production. This study evaluated the impact of time from platelet component collection to cold storage on in vitro properties and bacterial growth. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Double-apheresis platelet components were collected from healthy donors, suspended in 65% PAS-III/35% plasma, and split into 2 equal units. One unit was placed into cold storage within 2 h and the other unit after 8 h. Eight matched pairs were evaluated for 12 in vitro parameters. Twenty-four matched pairs were evaluated with 8 bacterial strains tested in triplicate. Samples were tested throughout 21 days of storage. RESULTS In vitro properties were not different between 2 and 8 h units, and trends throughout storage were similar between arms. Time to cold storage did not significantly impact bacterial growth, with <1 log10 difference at all timepoints between units. DISCUSSION Our studies showed that extending time to cold storage from 2 to 8 h from collection did not significantly increase the bacterial growth, and the platelet component quality and function is maintained. The ability to extend the time required from collection to storage will improve blood center logistics to feasibly produce CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Brown
- American Red Cross, Holland Lab for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Wagner
- American Red Cross, Holland Lab for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - C Anne Hapip
- American Red Cross, Holland Lab for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin Fischer
- American Red Cross, Holland Lab for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd M Getz
- U.S Army Medical Research and Development Command Battlefield Resuscitation for Immediate Stabilization of Combat Casualties Portfolio Combat Casualty Care Research Program Office, USA
| | | | - Annette Turgeon
- American Red Cross, Holland Lab for the Biomedical Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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7
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Sarker T, Katz LM, Bloch EM, Goel R. Blood Product (Donor) Noninfectious and Infectious Testing and Modification. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:579-598. [PMID: 34689966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion begins with safe donor selection and testing. In the United States, the blood supply and transfusion are highly regulated. Blood transfusion safety is multifaceted, whereby each of the elements of the blood safety value chain, spanning donor recruitment and qualification, to collection, blood processing, testing, transfusion practice, and posttransfusion surveillance, must be optimized to minimize risk. Pathogen inactivation is a promising approach to decrease bacterial contamination of platelets, inactivate parasites and viruses, and decrease risks associated with emerging and unidentified pathogens. This article offers an overview of blood donor infectious and noninfectious testing in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sarker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Louis M Katz
- Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center, Davenport, IA, USA; Carver College of Medicine, UIHC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street/Carnegie 446 D1, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ruchika Goel
- Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center, Davenport, IA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU SOM; Division of Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Chidambaram V, Jones JM, Lokhandwala PM, Bloch EM, Lanzkron S, Stewart R, Pecker LH. Low rates of transfusion-transmitted infection screening in chronically transfused adults with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 2021; 61:2421-2429. [PMID: 34251034 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) on chronic transfusion therapy are exposed to a large volume of blood products, thus increasing their risk of transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis B (HBV). METHODS We performed a systematic chart review of chronically transfused SCD subjects at the Johns Hopkins Sickle Cell Center for Adults between October 2014 and September 2019 to determine our Center's adherence to the 2014 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) SCD guidelines for annual screening for Transfusion Transmitted infections (TTI) and assessed HBV immunity and HBV vaccination rates. RESULTS The study included 85 subjects with a median age of 34 years (23-63); 52% were female. No subject received annual screening; 68 subjects (80%) were screened for HIV, 60 subjects (71%) for HCV and 53 subjects (62%) for HBV infections at least once in the study period. Of those screened, one patient was newly diagnosed with HCV infection, and none with HIV or HBV infection. Among 31 subjects tested for anti-Hepatitis B surface antibody, 16 subjects (52%) tested negative. Nineteen (20%) subjects had HBV vaccination documented. CONCLUSIONS Low adherence to the NHLBI TTI screening guidelines, especially for HBV, highlights the resource intensiveness of this patient population. The low rates of anti-Hepatitis B surface antibody positivity highlight the need to confirm vaccination, provide boosters as indicated, and investigate the adults with SCD's immune response to HBV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Chidambaram
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Parvez M Lokhandwala
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Biomedical Services, American Red Cross, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie Lanzkron
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosalyn Stewart
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia H Pecker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Prax M, Spindler-Raffel E, McDonald CP, Bearne J, Satake M, Kozakai M, Rojo J, Hanschmann KMO, Lambrecht B, Grundmann U, O'Flaherty N, Klimek A, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Gathof BS, Störmer M, Süßner S, Renke C, Lee CK, Knabbe C, Vollmer T, Keil SD, Shipps ME, Wagner SJ, Jentsch U, Mpumlwana X, Cloutier M, Bringmann P, Lu T, Ramirez-Arcos S, Kou Y, Krut O. Establishment of transfusion-relevant bacteria reference strains for red blood cells. Vox Sang 2020; 116:692-701. [PMID: 33341965 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) are susceptible to bacterial contamination despite cold storage. A reliable evaluation of strategies to minimize the risk of RBCC-associated bacterial transmission requires the use of suitable reference bacteria. Already existing Transfusion-Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains (TRBRS) for platelet concentrates fail to grow in RBCC. Consequently, the ISBT TTID, Working Party, Bacterial Subgroup, conducted an international study on TRBRS for RBCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six bacterial strains (Listeria monocytogenes PEI-A-199, Serratia liquefaciens PEI-A-184, Serratia marcescens PEI-B-P-56, Pseudomonas fluorescens PEI-B-P-77, Yersinia enterocolitica PEI-A-105, Yersinia enterocolitica PEI-A-176) were distributed to 15 laboratories worldwide for enumeration, identification, and determination of growth kinetics in RBCC at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of storage after low-count spiking (10-25 CFU/RBCC). RESULTS Bacterial proliferation in RBCC was obtained for most strains, except for S. marcescens, which grew only at 4 of 15 laboratories. S. liquefaciens, S. marcescens, P. fluorescens and the two Y. enterocolitica strains reached the stationary phase between days 14 and 21 of RBCC storage with a bacterial concentration of approximately 109 CFU/ml. L. monocytogenes displayed slower growth kinetics reaching 106 -107 CFU/ml after 42 days. CONCLUSION The results illustrate the importance of conducting comprehensive studies to establish well-characterized reference strains, which can be a tool to assess strategies and methods used to ameliorate blood safety. The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization adopted the five successful strains as official RBCC reference strains. Our study also highlights the relevance of visual inspection to interdict contaminated RBC units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Spindler-Raffel
- Institut für Lebensmittelsicherheit/Food Safety, Hochschule, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Julieta Rojo
- Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Udo Grundmann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | | | - Agata Klimek
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Birgit S Gathof
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Störmer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Süßner
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Austrian Red Cross, Linz, Austria
| | - Claudia Renke
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Austrian Red Cross, Linz, Austria
| | - Cheuk-Kwong Lee
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tanja Vollmer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephen J Wagner
- Holland Laboratory, Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ute Jentsch
- Constantia Kloof, South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xoliswa Mpumlwana
- Constantia Kloof, South African National Blood Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thea Lu
- Cerus Corporation, Concord, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Ramirez-Arcos
- Canadian Blood Service, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Oleg Krut
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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10
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New strategies for the control of infectious and parasitic diseases in blood donors: the impact of pathogen inactivation methods. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Around 70 infectious agents are possible threats for blood safety.
The risk for blood recipients is increasing because of new emergent agents like West Nile, Zika and Chikungunya viruses, or parasites such as Plasmodium and Trypanosoma cruzi in non-endemic regions, for instance.
Screening programmes of the donors are more and more implemented in several Countries, but these cannot prevent completely infections, especially when they are caused by new agents.
Pathogen inactivation (PI) methods might overcome the limits of the screening and different technologies have been set up in the last years.
This review aims to describe the most widely used methods focusing on their efficacy as well as on the preservation integrity of blood components.
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11
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North AK, Mufti N, Sullivan T, Corash L. Preclinical safety assessment of pathogen reduced red blood cells treated with amustaline and glutathione. Transfusion 2020; 60:358-366. [PMID: 31930533 PMCID: PMC7027779 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleic acid targeted pathogen reduction (PR) system utilizing amustaline (S-303) and glutathione (GSH) is designed to inactivate blood-borne pathogens and leukocytes in red blood cell concentrates (PR-RBCC). Inactivation is attained after amustaline intercalates and forms covalent nucleic acid adducts preventing replication, transcription, and translation. After pathogen inactivation, amustaline spontaneously hydrolyzes to S-300, the primary negatively charged reaction product; amustaline is below quantifiable levels in PR-RBCC. GSH quenches free unreacted amustaline. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of PR-RBCC, the reaction by-products, and S-300 were assessed in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and performed in compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) good laboratory practice standards, 21 CFR Part 58. in vitro bacterial reverse mutagenicity and chromosomal aberration assays were performed with and without exogenous S9 metabolic activation, and in in vivo clastogenicity and carcinogenic assays using validated murine models. RESULTS PR-RBCCs were not genotoxic in vitro and in vivo and were non-carcinogenic in p53+/- transgenic mice transfused over 26 weeks. Estimated safety margins for human exposure ranged from >90 to >36 fold for 2 to 5 PR-RBCCs per day, respectively. PR-RBCCs and S-300 did not induce chromosome aberration in the in vivo murine bone marrow micronucleus assay at systemically toxic doses. CONCLUSIONS PR-RBCCs did not demonstrate genotoxicity in vitro or in vivo and were not carcinogenic in vivo. These studies support the safety of PR-RBCCs and suggest that there is no measurable genotoxic hazard associated with transfusion of PR-RBCCs.
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12
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Zhang Q, Wu C, Fan Y, Xu T, Meng Q, Wang S, Liu Q, Yao C, Jiang T. Nucleic acid-targeted pathogen reduction technique in red blood cells by UV-generated oxygen radicals for optimising recipient safety. Transfus Med 2019; 30:51-60. [PMID: 31823441 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel pathogen reduction technique based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation was developed to reduce pathogen numbers in red blood cell (RBC) components. BACKGROUND Contaminated blood components pose a great risk of infection in blood recipients. The continuous development of blood screening techniques and pathogen inactivating systems has significantly reduced this risk, but many limitations remain. METHODS Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and bacteriophage (BP) and Lentivirus (LV) were spiked into suspended red blood cells (sRBCs) or plasma. VUV light with maximum emission at 185 nm and an average dosage of 164 μW/cm2 was placed 5 cm above the targeted products to reduce the pathogen numbers. RESULTS Treatment for 5 minutes was effective; 3 and 10 log reductions of E coli counts were observed in sRBCs and plasma, and 2 and 3 log reductions of B cereus counts were observed in sRBCs and plasma, respectively. The BP titre was reduced by two and five log points in sRBCs and plasma, respectively; the LV titre was reduced by at least three log points in both sRBCs and plasma. VUV-based irradiation of RBCs does not cause significant structural and functional harmful effects. This novel strategy provides moderate photonic energy to generate oxygen radicals from H2 O and O2 and to selectively decrease DNA integrity of the potential pathogens. CONCLUSION The VUV-based pathogen reduction technique is a simple and fast procedure with high pathogen reduction efficacy, low toxicity and limited adverse effects on cellular blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxi Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yahan Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shichun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tianlun Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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13
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Ghosh A, Chatterji U. An evidence-based review of enhanced recovery after surgery in total knee replacement surgery. J Perioper Pract 2019; 29:281-290. [PMID: 30212288 DOI: 10.1177/1750458918791121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rationale: Enhanced recovery after surgery is gaining popularity among orthopaedic surgeons across the globe and hence a strong evidence base had to be reviewed to make an evidence-based sustainable protocol.MethodsThe following databases, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane database and EMBASE were searched. The search was limited to 15 components of enhanced recovery after surgery programme which is divided into preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phases. Inclusion criteria were restricted to articles published in English within the last 15 years and articles comprising of unicompartmental arthroplasty, revision knee arthroplasty, bilateral simultaneous knee arthroplasty and only hip arthroplasty excluded. The full texts were analysed and controversies and limitations of various studies were summarised.DiscussionEach component of the programme was thoroughly reviewed and strength and weaknesses of the evidence base summarised. The strength of the evidence was assessed by critically appraising the study methodology and justifying the appropriateness of the inclusion in enhanced recovery after surgery protocol.ConclusionEnhanced recovery after surgery has already been used successfully in various surgical specialities. Enhanced recovery after surgery programmes in knee arthroplasty are yet to be established as a universal practice to be adopted globally. This evidence-based review provides an insight into the best evidence linked to each component and their rationale for inclusion in the proposed enhanced recovery after surgery protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Urjit Chatterji
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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14
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Rebulla P. The long and winding road to pathogen reduction of platelets, red blood cells and whole blood. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:655-667. [PMID: 31304588 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) have been developed to further reduce the current very low risks of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections and promptly respond to emerging infectious threats. An entire portfolio of PRTs suitable for all blood components is not available, but the field is steadily progressing. While PRTs for plasma have been used for many years, PRTs for platelets, red blood cells (RBC) and whole blood (WB) were developed more slowly, due to difficulties in preserving cell functions during storage. Two commercial platelet PRTs use ultra violet (UV) A and UVB light in the presence of amotosalen or riboflavin to inactivate pathogens' nucleic acids, while a third experimental PRT uses UVC light only. Two PRTs for WB and RBC have been tested in experimental clinical trials with storage limited to 21 or 35 days, due to unacceptably high RBC storage lesion beyond these time limits. This review summarizes pre-clinical investigations and selected outcomes from clinical trials using the above PRTs. Further studies are warranted to decrease cell storage lesions after PRT treatment and to test PRTs in different medical and surgical conditions. Affordability remains a major administrative obstacle to PRT use, particularly so in geographical regions with higher risks of transfusion-transmissible infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rebulla
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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15
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Aydinok Y, Piga A, Origa R, Mufti N, Erickson A, North A, Waldhaus K, Ernst C, Lin JS, Huang N, Benjamin RJ, Corash L. Amustaline-glutathione pathogen-reduced red blood cell concentrates for transfusion-dependent thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:625-636. [PMID: 31148155 PMCID: PMC6771954 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TDT) requires red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) to prevent complications of anaemia, but carries risk of infection. Pathogen reduction of RBCC offers potential to reduce infectious risk. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pathogen‐reduced (PR) Amustaline‐Glutathione (A‐GSH) RBCC for TDT. Patients were randomized to a blinded 2‐period crossover treatment sequence for six transfusions over 8–10 months with Control and A‐GSH‐RBCC. The efficacy outcome utilized non‐inferiority analysis with 90% power to detect a 15% difference in transfused haemoglobin (Hb), and the safety outcome was the incidence of antibodies to A‐GSH‐PR‐RBCC. By intent to treat (80 patients), 12·5 ± 1·9 RBCC were transfused in each period. Storage durations of A‐GSH and C‐RBCC were similar (8·9 days). Mean A‐GSH‐RBCC transfused Hb (g/kg/day) was not inferior to Control (0·113 ± 0·04 vs. 0·111 ± 0·04, P = 0·373, paired t‐test). The upper bound of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference from the mixed effects model was 0·005 g/kg/day, within a non‐inferiority margin of 0·017 g/kg/day. A‐GSH‐RBCC mean pre‐transfusion Hb levels declined by 6·0 g/l. No antibodies to A‐GSH‐RBCC were detected, and there were no differences in adverse events. A‐GSH‐RBCCs offer potential to reduce infectious risk in TDT with a tolerable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Aydinok
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Antonio Piga
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Origa
- Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections. Blood 2019; 133:1854-1864. [PMID: 30808637 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-833996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, introduction of serological assays targeting virus-specific antibodies and antigens has been effective in identifying blood donations infected with the classic transfusion-transmitted infectious agents (TTIs; hepatitis B virus [HBV], HIV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II, hepatitis C virus [HCV]). Subsequently, progressive implementation of nucleic acid-amplification technology (NAT) screening for HIV, HCV, and HBV has reduced the residual risk of infectious-window-period donations, such that per unit risks are <1 in 1 000 000 in the United States, other high-income countries, and in high-incidence regions performing NAT. NAT screening has emerged as the preferred option for detection of newer TTIs including West Nile virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), and Babesia microti Although there is continual need to monitor current risks due to established TTI, ongoing challenges in blood safety relate primarily to surveillance for emerging agents coupled with development of rapid response mechanisms when such agents are identified. Recent progress in development and implementation of pathogen-reduction technologies (PRTs) provide the opportunity for proactive rather than reactive response to blood-safety threats. Risk-based decision-making tools and cost-effectiveness models have proved useful to quantify infectious risks and place new interventions in context. However, as evidenced by the 2015 to 2017 ZIKV pandemic, a level of tolerable risk has yet to be defined in such a way that conflicting factors (eg, theoretical recipient risk, blood availability, cost, and commercial interests) can be reconciled. A unified approach to TTIs is needed, whereby novel tests and PRTs replace, rather than add to, existing interventions, thereby ameliorating cost and logistical burden to blood centers and hospitals.
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17
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Leiby DA, O'Brien SF, Wendel S, Nguyen ML, Delage G, Devare SG, Hardiman A, Nakhasi HL, Sauleda S, Bloch EM. International survey on the impact of parasitic infections: frequency of transmission and current mitigation strategies. Vox Sang 2018; 114:17-27. [PMID: 30523642 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Globally, blood safety interventions have been successful in mitigating risk of the major transfusion-transmitted (TT) viruses. However, strategies that address risk from parasites are comparatively limited. TT parasites are often regional in nature, posing unique challenges; we sought to understand their impact on blood safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic questionnaire was distributed to transfusion medicine leaders in 100 countries. The survey focused on specific questions pertaining to four parasitic diseases: babesiosis, Chagas, leishmaniasis and malaria. Respondents provided data on historical TT cases, local epidemiology, policies to mitigate risk and an assessment of public health perceptions for each aetiologic agent. RESULTS Twenty-eight (28%) surveys were returned from countries in Europe (n = 13), the Americas (n = 6), Africa (n = 4), Asia (n = 3) and Oceana (n = 2). Historically, no cases of TT leishmaniasis were reported, TT babesiosis was exclusive to Canada and the USA, TT Chagas was limited to the Americas and Spain, while TT malaria was cosmopolitan. Mitigation efforts varied widely; malaria was the most frequently tested parasitic disease. The public's perception of risk for parasitic agents was low, while that of health authorities in endemic countries was higher. CONCLUSION The global impact of parasitic infections on blood safety and related mitigation efforts varied widely by parasite epidemiology, test availability, public health priorities and socioeconomic constraints. While parasites continue to pose a risk to blood safety, the successful mitigation of viral risk has elevated the prominence of TT parasites in many locations, thereby requiring consideration of mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Leiby
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, USA
| | | | - Megan L Nguyen
- Transmissible Diseases Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gilles Delage
- Medical Affairs, Microbiology, Héma-Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Sauleda
- Transfusion Safety Laboratory, Catalonian Blood Bank (Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Stoicea N, Moran K, Mahmoud AR, Glassman A, Ellis T, Ryan J, Granger J, Joseph N, Salon N, Ackermann W, Rogers B, Niermeyer W, Bergese SD. Tranexamic acid use during total hip arthroplasty: A single center retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10720. [PMID: 29794747 PMCID: PMC6392984 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that has shown promise in reducing blood loss during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Several studies have reported side effects of high-dose TXA administration, including myocardial infarction (MI), thromboembolic events, and seizures. These possible side effects have prevented the widespread adoption of TXA in the surgical community. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 564 primary and revision THAs performed at a single academic center. Surgical patients received either no TXA or 1 g IV TXA at the beginning of surgery followed by a second bolus just before the surgical wound closure, at the surgeon's discretion. We analyzed differences in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), estimated blood loss (EBL), and adverse events in patients receiving TXA versus patients not receiving TXA up to 2 days following surgery. RESULTS Significantly higher Hb and Hct values were found across all time points among patients undergoing primary posterior or revision THA who had received TXA. In addition, transfusion rates were significantly decreased in both primary posterior THAs and revision THAs when TXA was administered. Patients who received TXA experienced significantly fewer adverse events than those who did not for all surgery types. CONCLUSION Administration of low-dose intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) TXA does not appear to increase rates of adverse events and may be effective in minimizing blood loss, as reflected by Hb and Hct values following THA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrew Glassman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | | | - John Ryan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Jeffrey Granger
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | | | - Nathan Salon
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | | | | | - Sergio D. Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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19
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Brixner V, Kiessling AH, Madlener K, Müller MM, Leibacher J, Dombos S, Weber I, Pfeiffer HU, Geisen C, Schmidt M, Henschler R, North A, Huang N, Mufti N, Erickson A, Ernst C, Rico S, Benjamin RJ, Corash LM, Seifried E. Red blood cells treated with the amustaline (S-303) pathogen reduction system: a transfusion study in cardiac surgery. Transfusion 2018; 58:905-916. [PMID: 29498049 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid-targeted pathogen inactivation technology using amustaline (S-303) and glutathione (GSH) was developed to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious disease and transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was performed to assess the in vitro characteristics of amustaline-treated RBCs (test) compared with conventional (control) RBCs and to evaluate safety and efficacy of transfusion during and after cardiac surgery. The primary device efficacy endpoint was the postproduction hemoglobin (Hb) content of RBCs. Exploratory clinical outcomes included renal and hepatic failure, the 6-minute walk test (a surrogate for cardiopulmonary function), adverse events (AEs), and the immune response to amustaline-treated RBCs. RESULTS A total of 774 RBC unis were produced. Mean treatment difference in Hb content was -2.27 g/unit (95% confidence interval, -2.61 to -1.92 g/unit), within the prespecified equivalence margins (±5 g/unit) to declare noninferiority. Amustaline-treated RBCs met European guidelines for Hb content, hematocrit, and hemolysis. Fifty-one (25 test and 26 control) patients received study RBCs. There were no significant differences in RBC usage or other clinical outcomes. Observed AEs were within the spectrum expected for patients of similar age undergoing cardiovascular surgery requiring RBCs transfusion. No patients exhibited an immune response specific to amustaline-treated RBCs. CONCLUSION Amustaline-treated RBCs demonstrated equivalence to control RBCs for Hb content, have appropriate characteristics for transfusion, and were well tolerated when transfused in support of acute anemia. Renal impairment was characterized as a potential efficacy endpoint for pivotal studies of RBC transfusion in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brixner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arndt-Holger Kiessling
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Madlener
- Department of Haemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Müller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Leibacher
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Dombos
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iuliia Weber
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Pfeiffer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christof Geisen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Blood Center Zürich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Red Cross Blood Service Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Drew VJ, Barro L, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Towards pathogen inactivation of red blood cells and whole blood targeting viral DNA/RNA: design, technologies, and future prospects for developing countries. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:512-521. [PMID: 28488960 PMCID: PMC5649960 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0344-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over 110 million units of blood are collected yearly. The need for blood products is greater in developing countries, but so is the risk of contracting a transfusion-transmitted infection. Without efficient donor screening/viral testing and validated pathogen inactivation technology, the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections correlates with the infection rate of the donor population. The World Health Organization has published guidelines on good manufacturing practices in an effort to ensure a strong global standard of transfusion and blood product safety. Sub-Saharan Africa is a high-risk region for malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and syphilis. Southeast Asia experiences high rates of hepatitis C virus. Areas with a tropical climate have an increased risk of Zika virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus and Chikungunya, and impoverished countries face economical limitations which hinder efforts to acquire the most modern pathogen inactivation technology. These systems include Mirasol® Pathogen Reduction Technology, INTERCEPT®, and THERAFLEX®. Their procedures use a chemical and ultraviolet or visible light for pathogen inactivation and significantly decrease the threat of pathogen transmission in plasma and platelets. They are licensed for use in Europe and are used in several other countries. The current interest in the blood industry is the development of pathogen inactivation technologies that can treat whole blood (WB) and red blood cell (RBC). The Mirasol system has recently undergone phase III clinical trials for treating WB in Ghana and has demonstrated some efficacy toward malaria inactivation and low risk of adverse effects. A 2nd-generation of the INTERCEPT® S-303 system for WB is currently undergoing a phase III clinical trial. Both methodologies are applicable for WB and components derived from virally reduced WB or RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Drew
- International PhD Program of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- National Center of Blood Transfusion, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, United Kingdom
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality Improvement/Safety, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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21
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Aubry M, Laughhunn A, Santa Maria F, Lanteri MC, Stassinopoulos A, Musso D. Pathogen inactivation of Dengue virus in red blood cells using amustaline and glutathione. Transfusion 2017; 57:2888-2896. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aubry
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | | | | | - Marion C. Lanteri
- Scientific Affairs Department; Cerus Corporation; Concord California
| | | | - Didier Musso
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti, Polynésie Française
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22
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Tonnetti L, Laughhunn A, Thorp AM, Vasilyeva I, Dupuis K, Stassinopoulos A, Stramer SL. Inactivation of Babesia microti in red blood cells and platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2017; 57:2404-2412. [PMID: 28872685 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing number of recognized transfusion-transmitted (TT) babesiosis cases, Babesia microti is the most frequently TT parasite in the United States. We evaluated the inactivation of B. microti in red blood cells (RBCs) prepared in Optisol (AS-5) using amustaline and glutathione (GSH) and in platelet components (PCs) in 100% plasma using amotosalen and low-energy ultraviolet A (UVA) light. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Individual RBCs and apheresis PCs were spiked with B. microti-infected hamster RBCs (iRBCs) to a final concentration of 106 iRBCs/mL and treated with the respective inactivation systems according to the manufacturer's instruction. Samples were collected before (control) and after (test) each treatment. Dilutions of the control samples to 10-6 were inoculated into hamsters, while the test samples were inoculated neat or at 10-1 dilution. At 3 and 5 weeks postinoculation, hamsters were evaluated for B. microti infection by microscopic observation of blood smears and 50% infectivity titers (ID50 ) were determined. Log reduction was calculated as control log ID50 minus test log ID50 . RESULTS Parasitemia was detected in hamsters injected with as low as 100,000-fold diluted control samples, while no parasites were detectable in the blood smears of any hamsters receiving neat test samples. Mean log reduction was more than 5 log/mL by amustaline/GSH for RBCs and more than 4.5 log/mL by amotosalen/UVA for PCs. CONCLUSION B. microti was inactivated to the limit of detection in RBCs and PCs after the respective inactivation treatment. Complete inactivation of B. microti was achieved in this animal infectivity model, and pathogen reduction treatment inhibited transmission of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tonnetti
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Aaron M Thorp
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Irina Vasilyeva
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | - Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland
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23
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Cybulska P, Goss C, Tew WP, Parameswaran R, Sonoda Y. Indications for and complications of transfusion and the management of gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:416-426. [PMID: 28528916 PMCID: PMC5527999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anemia, which is highly prevalent in oncology patients, is one of the most established negative prognostic factors for several gynecologic malignancies. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to the development of anemia in patients with gynecologic cancers; these factors include blood loss (during surgery or directly from the tumor), renal impairment (caused by platinum-based chemotherapy), and marrow dysfunction (from metastases, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy). Several peri- and intra-operative strategies can be used to optimize patient management and minimize blood loss related to surgery. Blood transfusions are routinely employed as corrective measures against anemia; however, blood transfusions are one of the most overused healthcare interventions. There are safe and effective evidence-based blood transfusion strategies used in other patient populations that warrant further investigation in the surgical oncology setting. Blood is a valuable healthcare resource, and clinicians can learn to use it more judiciously through knowledge of the potential risks and complications of blood interventions, as well as the ability to properly identify the patients most likely to benefit from such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cybulska
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Goss
- Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William P Tew
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rekha Parameswaran
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Moritz ED, Tonnetti L, Hewins ME, Berardi VP, Dodd RY, Stramer SL. Description of 15 DNA-positive and antibody-negative “window-period” blood donations identified during prospective screening for Babesia microti. Transfusion 2017; 57:1781-1786. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin D. Moritz
- Scientific Affairs Department; American Red Cross; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - Laura Tonnetti
- Scientific Affairs Department; American Red Cross; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | | | | | - Roger Y. Dodd
- Scientific Affairs Department; American Red Cross; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - Susan L. Stramer
- Scientific Affairs Department; American Red Cross; Gaithersburg Maryland
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26
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Cancelas JA, Gottschall JL, Rugg N, Graminske S, Schott MA, North A, Huang N, Mufti N, Erickson A, Rico S, Corash L. Red blood cell concentrates treated with the amustaline (S-303) pathogen reduction system and stored for 35 days retain post-transfusion viability: results of a two-centre study. Vox Sang 2017; 112:210-218. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. Rugg
- Hoxworth Blood Center; Cincinnati OH USA
| | | | | | - A. North
- Cerus Corporation; Concord CA USA
| | - N. Huang
- Cerus Corporation; Concord CA USA
| | - N. Mufti
- Cerus Corporation; Concord CA USA
| | | | - S. Rico
- Cerus Corporation; Concord CA USA
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27
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Laughhunn A, Santa Maria F, Broult J, Lanteri MC, Stassinopoulos A, Musso D, Aubry M. Amustaline (S-303) treatment inactivates high levels of Zika virus in red blood cell components. Transfusion 2017; 57:779-789. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Broult
- Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de la Polynésie Française, Hôpital du Taaone
| | | | | | - Didier Musso
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
| | - Maite Aubry
- Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Institut Louis Malardé; Tahiti Polynésie Française
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28
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Qadri SM, Chen D, Schubert P, Perruzza DL, Bhakta V, Devine DV, Sheffield WP. Pathogen inactivation by riboflavin and ultraviolet light illumination accelerates the red blood cell storage lesion and promotes eryptosis. Transfusion 2016; 57:661-673. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qadri
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Deborah Chen
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Darian L. Perruzza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Varsha Bhakta
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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29
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O'Brien SF. Transfusion-transmitted malaria: is hope around the corner? Lancet 2016; 387:1701-3. [PMID: 27116262 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O'Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada; University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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30
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Abstract
Transfusion-transmitted infections remain among the most-feared complications of allogeneic blood transfusion. Thanks to several strategies including donor screening and deferral, blood testing and pathogen inactivation, their risks have reached all-time low levels, particularly in developed nations. Nonetheless, new and emerging infections remain a threat that is likely to exacerbate in the coming years with continued globalization and climate change. More effective strategies of pathogen inactivation and more vigilant horizon screening are hoped to abate the risk. Additionally, allogeneic transfusion has repeatedly been shown to be associated with worsening of outcomes in patients, including the documented increased risk of infections (often nosocomial) in recipients of transfusions. The underlying mechanism is likely to be related to immunosuppressive effects of allogeneic blood, iron content, and bacterial contamination. This issue is best addressed by more judicious and evidence-based use of allogeneic blood components to ensure the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Shander
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Englewood Hospital and Medical Center and TeamHealth Research Institute , Englewood , NJ , USA
| | - Gregg P Lobel
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Englewood Hospital and Medical Center and TeamHealth Research Institute , Englewood , NJ , USA
| | - Mazyar Javidroozi
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Englewood Hospital and Medical Center and TeamHealth Research Institute , Englewood , NJ , USA
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31
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Abstract
The spectrum of adverse reactions to blood product transfusion ranges from a benign clinical course to serious morbidity and mortality. There have been many advances in technologies and transfusion strategies to decrease the risk of adverse reactions. Our aim is to address a few of the advancements in increasing the safety of the blood supply, specifically pathogen reduction technologies, bacterial contamination risk reduction, and transfusion associated acute lung injury risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Rogers
- Blood Bank & Transfusion Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA
| | - Mark K Fung
- Blood Bank & Transfusion Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA
| | - Sarah K Harm
- Blood Bank & Transfusion Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA
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