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de Araújo RS, Mussalem MGVB, Carrijo GS, Bani JVDF, Ferreira LM. Adipose Tissue Derivatives in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Transection: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:697. [PMID: 39061779 PMCID: PMC11274242 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is increasingly prevalent and challenging to treat despite advances in microsurgical techniques. In this context, adipose tissue derivatives, such as adipose-derived stem cells, nanofat, and stromal vascular fraction have been gaining attention as potential allies in peripheral nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the use of adipose tissue derivatives in nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve transection in murine models. Thus, we assess and synthesize the key techniques and methods used for evaluating the obtained nerve regeneration to guide future experimental research and clinical interventions. METHODOLOGY A systematic review was conducted in February 2024, adhering to the Cochrane and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The focus was on experimental studies involving adipose tissue derivatives in nerve regeneration in animal models post-transection. Only experimental trials reporting nerve regeneration outcomes were included; studies lacking a comparator group or evaluation methods were excluded. RESULTS Out of 273 studies initially identified from MEDLINE, 19 were selected for detailed analysis. The average study included 32.5 subjects, with about 10.2 subjects per intervention subgroup. The predominant model was the sciatic nerve injury with a 10 mm gap. The most common intervention involved unprocessed adipose-derived stem cells, utilized in 14 articles. CONCLUSIONS This review underscores the significant potential of current methodologies in peripheral nerve regeneration, particularly highlighting the use of murine models and thorough evaluation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva de Araújo
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Plastic Surgery, São Paulo 04038-001, Brazil; (M.G.V.B.M.); (J.V.d.F.B.); (L.M.F.)
| | | | | | - João Victor de Figueiredo Bani
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Plastic Surgery, São Paulo 04038-001, Brazil; (M.G.V.B.M.); (J.V.d.F.B.); (L.M.F.)
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Plastic Surgery, São Paulo 04038-001, Brazil; (M.G.V.B.M.); (J.V.d.F.B.); (L.M.F.)
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Sun J, Cao W, Pan S, He L, Ji D, Zheng N, Sun X, Wang R, Niu Y. Porous Organic Materials in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications for Severed Facial Nerve Injury Repair. Molecules 2024; 29:566. [PMID: 38338311 PMCID: PMC10856494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of facial nerve injury is substantial, and the restoration of its structure and function remains a significant challenge. Autologous nerve transplantation is a common treatment for severed facial nerve injury; however, it has great limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for clinical repair methods that can rival it. Tissue engineering nerve conduits are usually composed of scaffolds, cells and neurofactors. Tissue engineering is regarded as a promising method for facial nerve regeneration. Among different factors, the porous nerve conduit made of organic materials, which has high porosity and biocompatibility, plays an indispensable role. This review introduces facial nerve injury and the existing treatment methods and discusses the necessity of the application of porous nerve conduit. We focus on the application of porous organic polymer materials from production technology and material classification and summarize the necessity and research progress of these in repairing severed facial nerve injury, which is relatively rare in the existing articles. This review provides a theoretical basis for further research into and clinical interventions on facial nerve injury and has certain guiding significance for the development of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Wenxin Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (W.C.); (D.J.)
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Lina He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Dongchao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (W.C.); (D.J.)
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Ranxu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Yumei Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; (J.S.); (S.P.); (L.H.); (X.S.)
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Marques-Almeida T, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301494. [PMID: 37843074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well-being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell-materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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Onoi Y, Matsumoto T, Sobajima S, Tsubosaka M, Hayashi S, Matsushita T, Iwaguro H, Kuroda R. Clinical use of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cell injections for hip osteoarthritis. Regen Ther 2023; 24:94-102. [PMID: 37363753 PMCID: PMC10285449 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, studies on adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are attracting increasing attention because they have the potential to differentiate into a subset of cell types, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and are easier to harvest than MSCs, thus making them easier to apply clinically. This study evaluated the short-term clinical outcomes of SVF cell therapy for hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study; these patients received a single injection comprising an average of 3.8 (standard deviation [SD], ±1.3) × 107 SVF cells into the hip joint. All patients were followed-up for at least 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 60.2 years (SD, ±9.4 years). Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades II, III, and IV based on radiography were 13, 13, and 16 patients, respectively. SVF cells were obtained from the subcutaneous fat of the abdomen or breech using a Celution® 800/CRS system. The average cell viability of SVF cells was 90.8% (SD, ±2.8%). Clinical assessments were performed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score to evaluate pain. Images were evaluated using radiography, and T2 mapping values were obtained using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging system. These clinical and imaging assessments were followed from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively. Results The HHS, JHEQ score, and VAS score improved significantly from 22.5 (SD, ±16.6), 26.6 (SD, ±11.3), and 75.5 (SD, ±15.8) preoperatively to 46.8 (SD, ±27.2), 39.4 (SD, ±19.7), and 46.5 (SD, ±27.9), respectively, at 6 months postoperatively. KL grade II showed significant improvement in clinical outcome from preoperative to postoperative, while KL grade IV showed slight or little improvement. The center edge angle, acetabular head index on the radiographs, and T2 mapping values did not change significantly from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively. Conclusions SVF cell injection in the hip joint showed good short-term clinical efficacy for reducing hip OA symptoms. SVF cell therapy is thus an innovative and effective treatment for hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Xing WB, Wu ST, Wang XX, Li FY, Wang RX, He JH, Fu J, He Y. Potential of dental pulp stem cells and their products in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and their future applications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:960-978. [PMID: 37970238 PMCID: PMC10631371 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i10.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) seriously affects people's quality of life. Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI. Dental stem cells, particularly dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm. DPSCs have significant potential in the field of neural tissue engineering due to their numerous advantages, such as easy isolation, multidifferentiation potential, low immunogenicity, and low transplant rejection rate. DPSCs are extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including for the treatment of sciatic nerve injury, facial nerve injury, spinal cord injury, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews research related to DPSCs and their advantages in treating PNI, aiming to summarize the therapeutic potential of DPSCs for PNI and the underlying mechanisms and providing valuable guidance and a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fen-Yao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ji-Hui He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Stomatology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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Anjiki K, Matsumoto T, Kuroda Y, Fujita M, Hayashi S, Nakano N, Tsubosaka M, Kamenaga T, Takashima Y, Kikuchi K, Ikuta K, Onoi Y, Tachibana S, Suda Y, Wada K, Matsushita T, Kuroda R. Heterogeneous Cells as well as Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Stromal Vascular Fraction Contribute to Enhance Anabolic and Inhibit Catabolic Factors in Osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2407-2419. [PMID: 37477775 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The stromal-vascular fraction (SVF), comprising heterogeneous cell populations and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), has therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of heterogeneous cells in rabbit SVF on rabbit chondrocytes. Rabbit SVF and ADSCs were autografted into knees at OA onset. The SVF (1 × 105) and low-dose ADSCs (lADSC; 1 × 104) groups adjusted for their stromal cell content were compared. Animals were euthanized 8 and 12 weeks after OA onset for macroscopic and histological analyses of OA progression and synovitis. Immunohistochemical and real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments were conducted. In vitro, immune-fluorescent double staining was performed for SVF to stain macrophages with F4/80, CD86(M1), and CD163(M2). OA progression was markedly suppressed, and synovitis was reduced in the SVF groups (OARSI histological score 8 W: 6.8 ± 0.75 vs. 3.8 ± 0.75, p = 0.001; 12 W: 8.8 ± 0.4 vs. 5.4 ± 0.49, p = 0.0002). The SVF groups had higher expression of collagen II and SOX9 in cartilage and TGF-β and IL-10 in the synovium, lower expression of MMP-13, and lower macrophage M1/M2 ratio than the lADSC groups. Immunofluorescent double staining revealed a markedly higher number of M2 than that of M1 macrophages in the SVF. The therapeutic effects of SVF on chondrocytes were superior than those of lADSCs, with enhanced anabolic and inhibited catabolic factors. Heterogeneous cells, mainly M2 macrophages in the SVF, enhanced growth factor secretion and chondrocyte-protective cytokines, thus benefiting chondrocytes and knee joint homeostasis. Overall, the SVF is a safe, relatively simple, and a useful treatment option for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Anjiki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamenaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenmei Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kensuke Wada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Borisov V, Gili Sole L, Reid G, Milan G, Hutter G, Grapow M, Eckstein FS, Isu G, Marsano A. Upscaled Skeletal Muscle Engineered Tissue with In Vivo Vascularization and Innervation Potential. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:800. [PMID: 37508827 PMCID: PMC10376693 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering functional tissues of clinically relevant size (in mm-scale) in vitro is still a challenge in tissue engineering due to low oxygen diffusion and lack of vascularization. To address these limitations, a perfusion bioreactor was used to generate contractile engineered muscles of a 3 mm-thickness and a 8 mm-diameter. This study aimed to upscale the process to 50 mm in diameter by combining murine skeletal myoblasts (SkMbs) with human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, providing high neuro-vascular potential in vivo. SkMbs were cultured on a type-I-collagen scaffold with (co-culture) or without (monoculture) SVF. Large-scale muscle-like tissue showed an increase in the maturation index over time (49.18 ± 1.63% and 76.63 ± 1.22%, at 9 and 11 days, respectively) and a similar force of contraction in mono- (43.4 ± 2.28 µN) or co-cultured (47.6 ± 4.7 µN) tissues. Four weeks after implantation in subcutaneous pockets of nude rats, the vessel length density within the constructs was significantly higher in SVF co-cultured tissues (5.03 ± 0.29 mm/mm2) compared to monocultured tissues (3.68 ± 0.32 mm/mm2) (p < 0.005). Although no mature neuromuscular junctions were present, nerve-like structures were predominantly observed in the engineered tissues co-cultured with SVF cells. This study demonstrates that SVF cells can support both in vivo vascularization and innervation of contractile muscle-like tissues, making significant progress towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Borisov
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laia Gili Sole
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Reid
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Milan
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grapow
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Stefan Eckstein
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery and Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Takahashi A, Nakajima H, Kubota A, Watanabe S, Matsumine A. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation for Severe Spinal Cord Injury: Functional Improvement Supported by Angiogenesis and Neuroprotection. Cells 2023; 12:1470. [PMID: 37296591 PMCID: PMC10252677 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation alone is insufficient when motor dysfunction is severe; combination therapy with rehabilitation could improve motor function. Here, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and determine their effectiveness in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. A severe SCI model was created and motor function were compared. The rats were divided into AD-MSC-transplanted treadmill exercise-combined (AD-Ex), AD-MSC-transplanted non-exercise (AD-noEx), PBS-injected exercise (PBS-Ex), and no PBS-injected exercise (PBS-noEx) groups. In cultured cell experiments, AD-MSCs were subjected to oxidative stress, and the effects on the extracellular secretion of AD-MSCs were investigated using multiplex flow cytometry. We assessed angiogenesis and macrophage accumulation in the acute phase. Spinal cavity or scar size and axonal preservation were assessed histologically in the subacute phase. Significant motor function improvement was observed in the AD-Ex group. Vascular endothelial growth factor and C-C motif chemokine 2 expression in AD-MSC culture supernatants increased under oxidative stress. Enhanced angiogenesis and decreased macrophage accumulation were observed at 2 weeks post-transplantation, whereas spinal cord cavity or scar size and axonal preservation were observed at 4 weeks. Overall, AD-MSC transplantation combined with treadmill exercise training improved motor function in severe SCI. AD-MSC transplantation promoted angiogenesis and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (A.T.)
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Fujita M, Matsumoto T, Sobajima S, Tsubosaka M, Matsushita T, Iwaguro H, Kuroda R. Clinical and Radiological Comparison of Single and Double Intra-articular Injection of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction for Knee Osteoarthritis. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231190175. [PMID: 37551027 PMCID: PMC10411282 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231190175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the article is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between single and double stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We included 54 patients treated for varus knee OA with intra-articular SVF cell injection. They were divided into two groups: those who received one injection and those who received two. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, knee range of motion, and knee muscle force were assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the first injection. The preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was evaluated using plain radiographs, and T2 mapping values were assessed. The total WOMAC score improved significantly in the single injection group from 3 to 24 months, but the total WOMAC score in the double injection group improved significantly at 24 months. The T2 mapping values in both the groups improved, with a significant difference at 12 months. The preoperative mean HKA angle and the correlation coefficients between the HKA angle and the total WOMAC score and between the HKA angle and the T2 mapping value of the medial femur were significant. In conclusion, double injections may provide more satisfactory treatment outcomes in patients with severe varus knee alignment. This clinical trial is registered in the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (URL: https://saiseiiryo.mhlw.go.jp/published_plan/index/2) with the registration name "Cell transplantation therapy for osteoarthritis using autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cells (ADRCs)," and the registration number was "PB5160012."
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Cao L, Xiaoming F, Zhang Q, Fang J, Chu C, Lv J, Ma Y, Lu G, Yang K, Pan R. An Optimized Method for Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Isolation and its Application in Fat Grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2500-2508. [PMID: 34981156 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue contains heterogeneous cell populations and has enormous potential for clinical therapy. There are two main methods for SVF isolation: enzymatic isolation and mechanical isolation, both of which have shortcomings. In this study, optimized conditions for the isolation of high-quality SVF were established, and applications in fat grafting were evaluated. METHODS Adipose tissue was chopped into small pieces and then ground into an erosive shape using a syringe. The pieces were digested with 0.15% type II collagenase for 35 min at 37 °C. After centrifugation, the pellets were resuspended in DMEM and passed through a 100-μm strainer. The filtered cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The fat graft was enriched with isolated SVF and subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice. Three weeks after transplantation, grafts were isolated, and H&E staining, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting were conducted. RESULTS The harvested SVF cells reached > 2 × 106/ml of adipose tissue within 90 min of operation. The number of CD34+ ADSCs in our SVF pellets was > 6 × 105/ml of adipose tissue, which has the potential for differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Freshly collected adipose tissue is better for SVF isolation, and isolated SVF should also be kept at 4 °C and used as soon as possible. SVF may promote revascularization after fat grafting. The adipose tissue of an SVF co-transplanted group had an integral structure, clear capillaries, and higher VEGF expression. SVF co-transplantation inhibited adipose cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study provides an efficient procedure for SVF isolation, its application in fat grafting, and possible underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xiaoming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunhua Chu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlong Lv
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaichuang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Saffari TM, Saffari S, Vyas KS, Mardini S, Shin AY. Role of adipose tissue grafting and adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve surgery. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2179-2184. [PMID: 35259826 PMCID: PMC9083182 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of autologous fat grafting in reconstructive surgery is commonly used to improve functional form. This review aims to provide an overview of the scientific evidence on the biology of adipose tissue, the role of adipose-derived stem cells, and the indications of adipose tissue grafting in peripheral nerve surgery. Adipose tissue is easily accessible through the lower abdomen and inner thighs. Non-vascularized adipose tissue grafting does not support oxidative and ischemic stress, resulting in variable survival of adipocytes within the first 24 hours. Enrichment of adipose tissue with a stromal vascular fraction is purported to increase the number of adipose-derived stem cells and is postulated to augment the long-term stability of adipose tissue grafts. Basic science nerve research suggests an increase in nerve regeneration and nerve revascularization, and a decrease in nerve fibrosis after the addition of adipose-derived stem cells or adipose tissue. In clinical studies, the use of autologous lipofilling is mostly applied to secondary carpal tunnel release revisions with promising results. Since the use of adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve reconstruction is relatively new, more studies are needed to explore safety and long-term effects on peripheral nerve regeneration. The Food and Drug Administration stipulates that adipose-derived stem cell transplantation should be minimally manipulated, enzyme-free, and used in the same surgical procedure, e.g. adipose tissue grafts that contain native adipose-derived stem cells or stromal vascular fraction. Future research may be shifted towards the use of tissue-engineered adipose tissue to create a supportive microenvironment for autologous graft survival. Shelf-ready alternatives could be enhanced with adipose-derived stem cells or growth factors and eliminate the need for adipose tissue harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiam M Saffari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Microvascular and Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Saffari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Microvascular and Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Krishna S Vyas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samir Mardini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Microvascular and Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells, and Cellular Stromal Vascular Fraction on the Repair of Acute Anal Sphincter Injury in Rats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070318. [PMID: 35877369 PMCID: PMC9311655 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anal sphincter incontinence (ASI) can cause a serious decline in the quality of life and can cause a socioeconomic burden. Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have significant therapeutic effects on ASI, but the cost and risk of MSC harvest limit their further application. In contrast, adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC) and cellular stromal vascular fraction (CSVF) as stem cell sources have multipotency and the advantage of easy harvest. Objective: Here we aim to investigate the effects of ADSC and CSVF on treating ASI and compare them to that of bone marrow MSC. Methods: Bone marrow MSC, ADSC, and CSVF were obtained and labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and CSVF was labeled with DIL. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were injected with 0.2 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS), 1 × 107/0.2 mL of MSC, ADSC, or CSVF, respectively, after model establishment. The control group received no treatment. The repair was assessed by anal functional tests and immunostaining on day 5 and day 10 after injection. Results: MSC, ADSC, and CSVF significantly promoted tissue repair and the recovery of muscle contraction and electromyographic activity in ASI. The generation of myosatellite cells by injected MSC, ADSC, and CSVF was found in the wounded area. On day 5, CSVF showed highest therapeutic effect, while on day 10, MSC and ADSC showed higher therapeutic effects than CSVF. When comparing the effects of MSC and ADSC, ADSC was slightly better than MSC in the indexes of anal pressure, etc. Conclusion: ADSC and CVSF are alternative stem cell sources for ASI repair.
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Fujita M, Matsumoto T, Hayashi S, Hashimoto S, Nakano N, Maeda T, Kuroda Y, Takashima Y, Kikuchi K, Anjiki K, Ikuta K, Onoi Y, Tachibana S, Matsushita T, Iwaguro H, Sobajima S, Hiranaka T, Kuroda R. Paracrine effect of the stromal vascular fraction containing M2 macrophages on human chondrocytes through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3627-3639. [PMID: 35766589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is composed of a heterogeneous mix of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, pericytes, fibroblasts, blood, and other cells. Previous studies have found that the paracrine effects of SVF cells may be therapeutic, but their role in osteoarthritis treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of SVF cells on chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were seeded on culture plates alone (control) or cocultured with SVF or ADSCs on cell culture inserts. After 48 h of coculture, chondrocyte collagen II, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), and matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels in the supernatant were measured using ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the macrophages in the SVF. These macrophages were characterized according to phenotype using the F4/80, CD86, and CD163 markers. To determine whether the Smad2/3 signaling pathways were involved, the chondrocytes were pre-treated with a Smad2/3 phosphorylation inhibitor and stimulated with the SVF, and then Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels were analyzed using western blot. The mRNA expression levels of various paracrine factors and chondrocyte pellet size were also assessed. Collagen II and TIMP-3 expression were higher in the SVF group than in the ADSC group and controls, while MMP-13 expression was the highest in the ADSC group and the lowest in the controls. TGF-β levels in the SVF group were also elevated. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry revealed that the macrophages in the SVF were of the anti-inflammatory phenotype. Western blot analysis showed that the SVF increased Smad2/3 phosphorylation, while Smad2/3 inhibitors decreased phosphorylation. Smad2/3 inhibitors also reduced the expression of various other paracrine factors and decreased chondrocyte pellet size. These findings suggested that the paracrine effect of heterogeneous cells, such as anti-inflammatory macrophages, in the SVF partly supports chondrocyte regeneration through TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kensuke Anjiki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kemmei Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuma Onoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Centre, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Stem cells therapy for thyroid diseases: progress and challenges. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2022; 96:100665. [PMID: 35371349 PMCID: PMC8968462 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones are indispensable for organ development and maintaining homeostasis. Thyroid diseases, including thyroiditis and thyroid cancer, affect the normal secretion of hormones and result in thyroid dysfunction. Objective This review focuses on therapeutic applications of stem cells for thyroid diseases. Methods A literature search of Medline and PubMed was conducted (January 2000–July 2021) to identify recent reports on stem cell therapy for thyroid diseases. Results Stem cells are partially developed cell types. They have the capacity to form specialized cells. Besides embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, organ resident stem cells and cancer stem cells are recently reported to have important roles in forming organ specific cells and cancers. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have anti-inflammatory and anticancer functions as well. Conclusions This review outlines the therapeutic potency of embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, thyroid resident stem cells, and thyroid cancer stem cells in thyroid cells’ regeneration, thyroid function modulation, thyroiditis suppression, and antithyroid cancers. Stem cells represent a promising form of treatment for thyroid disorders.
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Liao S, Meng H, Zhao J, Lin W, Liu X, Tian Z, Lan L, Yang H, Zou Y, Xu Y, Gao X, Lu S, Peng J. Injectable adipose-derived stem cells-embedded alginate-gelatin microspheres prepared by electrospray for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:174-185. [PMID: 35495963 PMCID: PMC9018217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To prepare adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-embedded alginate-gelatinemicrospheres (Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs) by electrospray and evaluate their feasibility for cartilage tissue engineering. To observe the efficacy of Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs in repairing articular cartilage defects in SD rats. Methods ADSCs were isolated and characterized by performing induced differentiation and flow cytometry assays. Alginate-gelatine microspheres with different gelatine concentrations were manufactured by electrospraying, and the appropriate alginate-gelatine concentration and ratio were determined by evaluating microsphere formation. Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs were compared with Alg-ADSCs MSs through the induction of chondrogenic differentiation and culture. Their feasibility for cartilage tissue engineering was analysed by performing Live/Dead staining, cell proliferation analysis, toluidine blue staining and a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content analysis. Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs were implanted in the cartilage defects of SD rats, and the cartilage repair effect was evaluated at different time points. The evaluation included gross observations and histological evaluations, fluorescence imaging tracking, immunohistochemical staining, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and a CatWalk evaluation. Results The isolated ADSCs showed multidirectional differentiation and were used for cartilage tissue engineering. Using 1.5 w:v% alginate and 0.5 w:v% gelatine (Type B), we successfully prepared nearly spherical microspheres. Compared with alginate microspheres, alginate gel increased the viability of ADSCs and promoted the proliferation and chondrogenesis of ADSCs. In our experiments on knee cartilage defects in SD rats in vivo, the Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs showed superior cartilage repair in cell resides, histology evaluation, micro-CT imaging and gait analysis. Conclusions Microspheres composed of 1.5 w:v% alginate-0.5 w:v% gelatine increase the viability of ADSCs and supported their proliferation and deposition of cartilage matrix components. ADSCs embedded in 1.5 w:v% alginate-0.5 w:v% gelatine microspheres show superior repair efficacy and prospective applications in cartilage tissue repair. The translational potential of this article In this study, injectable adipose-derived stem cells-embedded alginate-gelatin microspheres (Alg-Gel-ADSCs MSs) were prepared by the electrospray . Compared with the traditional alginate microspheres, its support ability for ADSCs is better and shows a better repair effect. This study provides a promising strategy for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Podsednik A, Cabrejo R, Rosen J. Adipose Tissue Uses in Peripheral Nerve Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020644. [PMID: 35054833 PMCID: PMC8776017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many different techniques exist for the surgical repair of peripheral nerves. The degree of injury dictates the repair and, depending on the defect or injury of the peripheral nerve, plastic surgeons can perform nerve repairs, grafts, and transfers. All the previously listed techniques are routinely performed in human patients, but a novel addition to these peripheral nerve surgeries involves concomitant fat grafting to the repair site at the time of surgery. Fat grafting provides adipose-derived stem cells to the injury site. Though fat grafting is performed as an adjunct to some peripheral nerve surgeries, there is no clear evidence as to which procedures have improved outcomes resultant from concomitant fat grafting. This review explores the evidence presented in various animal studies regarding outcomes of fat grafting at the time of various types of peripheral nerve surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Podsednik
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA;
| | - Raysa Cabrejo
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA;
| | - Joseph Rosen
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Tang N, Wang X, Zhu J, Sun K, Li S, Tao K. Labelling stem cells with a nanoprobe for evaluating the homing behaviour in facial nerve injury repair. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:808-818. [PMID: 34989358 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01823j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial and clinically relevant to clarify the homing efficiency and retention of stem cells in different implanting strategies of cell therapy for various injuries. However, the need for a tool for investigating the mechanisms is still unmet. We herein introduce multi-modal BaGdF5:Yb,Tm nanoparticles as a nanoprobe to label adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and detect the homing behavior with a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technique. The migration of cells injected locally or intravenously, with or without a chemokine, CXCL 12, was compared. A higher homing efficiency of ADSCs was observed in both intravenously injected groups, in contrast to the low efficiency of cell retention in local implantation. Meanwhile, CXCL 12 promoted the homing of ADSCs, especially in the intravenous route. Nonetheless, the administration of CXCL 12 showed its therapeutic efficacy, whereas intravenous injection of ADSCs almost did not. Our work provided a tool for in vivo imaging of the behavior of implanted cells in preclinical studies of cell therapy, and more importantly, implied that the parameters for implanting stem cells in clinical operation should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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Hayakawa N, Matsumine H, Fujii K, Osaki H, Ueta Y, Kamei W, Niimi Y, Miyata M, Sakurai H. Facial nerve regeneration with bioabsorbable collagen conduits filled with collagen filaments: An experimental study. Regen Ther 2021; 18:302-308. [PMID: 34522722 PMCID: PMC8413834 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A bioabsorbable collagen conduit (Renerve™) filled with collagen filaments is currently approved as an artificial nerve conduit in Japan and is mainly used for connecting and repairing peripheral nerves after traumatic nerve injury. However, there are few reports on its applications for reconstructing and repairing the facial nerve. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the conduit on promoting nerve regeneration in a murine model with a nerve defect at the buccal branch of the facial nerve. Methods Under inhalational anesthesia and microscopic guidance, the buccal branch of the left facial nerve in an 8-week-old Lewis rat was exposed, and a 7 mm gap was created in the nerve. The gap was then connected with either the nerve conduits (NC group) or an autologous nerve graft (the autograft group). At 13 weeks after the procedure, we compared the histological and physiological regenerations in the both groups. Results We found compound muscle action potential amplitude is significantly larger in the autograft group (2.8 ± 1.4 mV) than in NC group (1.3 ± 0.5 mV) (p < 0.05). The number of myelinated fibers of the autograft group was higher (3634 ± 1645) than that of NC group (1112 ± 490) (p < 0.01). The fiber diameter of the autograft group (4.8 ± 1.9 μm) was larger than that of NC group (3.8 ± 1.4 μm) (p < 0.05). The myelin thickness of the autograft group was thicker than that of NC group (0.6 ± 0.3 μm vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 μm) (p < 0.05). G-ratio of the autograft group (0.74 ± 0.19) was lower than that of NC group (0.79 ± 0.10) (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated the efficacy of collagen nerve conduit for facial nerve reconstruction following nerve injury. However, the effectiveness of the conduit on the promotion of nerve regeneration was inferior to that of the autograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Hayakawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Yoo MC, Chon J, Jung J, Kim SS, Bae S, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Potential Therapeutic Strategies and Substances for Facial Nerve Regeneration Based on Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094926. [PMID: 34066483 PMCID: PMC8124575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in microsurgical technology and an improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory results after facial nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. Among existing peripheral nerve regeneration studies, relatively few have focused on the facial nerve, particularly how experimental studies of the facial nerve using animal models play an essential role in understanding functional outcomes and how such studies can lead to improved axon regeneration after nerve injury. The purpose of this article is to review current perspectives on strategies for applying potential therapeutic methods for facial nerve regeneration. To this end, we searched Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane library using keywords, and after applying exclusion criteria, obtained a total of 31 qualifying experimental studies. We then summarize the fundamental experimental studies on facial nerve regeneration, highlighting recent bioengineering studies employing various strategies for supporting facial nerve regeneration, including nerve conduits with stem cells, neurotrophic factors, and/or other therapeutics. Our summary of the methods and results of these previous reports reveal a common feature among studies, showing that various neurotrophic factors arising from injured nerves contribute to a microenvironment that plays an important role in functional recovery. In most cases, histological examinations showed that this microenvironmental influence increased axonal diameter as well as myelination thickness. Such an analysis of available research on facial nerve injury and regeneration represents the first step toward future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (M.C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (M.C.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Seonhwan Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-8980; Fax: +82-2-958-8470
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20
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An electrophysiological evaluation method for the ovine facial nerve. Regen Ther 2021; 18:76-81. [PMID: 33969162 PMCID: PMC8060511 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Large-animal models such as sheep for facial nerve regeneration research have not yet been established because of the lack of methods for assessing the electrophysiological function of regenerated nerves. In this study, we developed a percutaneous measurement method for the evoked compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the facial nerve in sheep. Methods Six 3-year-old castrated male Corriedale sheep were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, an anatomical exploration was performed to identify the course of the buccal branch of the facial nerve and its innervating muscles on one side, followed by the application of surface stimulating electrodes to the contralateral side of the face along the course of the buccal branch of the facial nerve to obtain CMAP measurements of the nasolabial levator muscle. Results Percutaneous CMAP measurements of the nasolabial levator muscle could be obtained in all animals by placing stimulating electrodes 1 cm apart on the line coinciding with the course of the buccal branch of the facial nerve revealed by the preceding anatomical exploration. Mean values for electrophysiological parameters were amplitude 4.7 ± 0.7 mV, duration 2.1 ± 0.6 ms, and latency 3.6 ± 0.4 ms. Conclusion We have established a percutaneous measurement method for CMAP of the buccal branch of the facial nerve in sheep. This method is expected to be very useful in future studies of facial nerve regeneration for long nerve defects in sheep. A percutaneous CMAP measurement method for the ovine facial nerve was established. Anatomical experiment demonstrated the method's physiological accuracy. The ovine facial nerve enables a more realistic model of facial nerve regeneration.
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21
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Bengur FB, Stoy C, Binko MA, Nerone WV, Fedor CN, Solari MG, Marra KG. Facial Nerve Repair: Bioengineering Approaches in Preclinical Models. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:364-378. [PMID: 33632013 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the facial nerve can occur after different etiologies and range from simple transection of the branches to varying degrees of segmental loss. Management depends on the extent of injury and options include primary repair for simple transections and using autografts, allografts, or conduits for larger gaps. Tissue engineering plays an important role to create artificial materials that are able to mimic the nerve itself without extra morbidity in the patients. The use of neurotrophic factors or stem cells inside the conduits or around the repair site is being increasingly studied to enhance neural recovery to a greater extent. Preclinical studies remain the hallmark for development of these novel approaches and translation into clinical practice. This review will focus on preclinical models of repair after facial nerve injury to help researchers establish an appropriate model to quantify recovery and analyze functional outcomes. Different bioengineered materials, including conduits and nerve grafts, will be discussed based on the experimental animals that were used and the defects introduced. Future directions to extend the applications of processed nerve allografts, bioengineered conduits, and cues inside the conduits to induce neural recovery after facial nerve injury will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Baris Bengur
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Conrad Stoy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary A Binko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wayne Vincent Nerone
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline Nadia Fedor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mario G Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Krzesniak NE, Sarnowska A, Figiel-Dabrowska A, Osiak K, Domanska-Janik K, Noszczyk BH. Secondary release of the peripheral nerve with autologous fat derivates benefits for functional and sensory recovery. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:856-864. [PMID: 33229720 PMCID: PMC8178762 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of nerve continuity after traumatic nerve injury is the gold standard in hand surgery. Immediate, tension-free, end-to-end nerve suture ensures the best prognosis. The recovery is mostly promising; however, in a few cases, insufficient outcomes in motor or sensory function are observed. Intra- and extra-fascicular scarring accompanies the nerve regeneration process and limits final outcomes. Secondary nerve release in those cases is recommended. Unfortunately, scarring recurrence cannot be eliminated after secondary revision and neurolysis. The supportive influences of mesenchymal stem cells in the process of nerve regeneration were observed in many preclinical studies. However, a limited number of studies in humans have analyzed the clinical usage of mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral nerve reconstruction and revisions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of undifferentiated adipose-derived stromal/stem cell injection during a last-chance surgery (neurolysis, nerve release) on a previously reconstructed nerve. Three patients (one female, two males; mean age 59 ± 4.5 years at the time of injury), who experienced failure of reconstructions of median and ulnar nerves, were included in this study. During the revision surgery, nerve fascicles were released, and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells were administered through microinjections along the fascicles and around the adjacent tissues after external neurolysis. During 36 months of follow-up, patients noticed gradual signs of sensory and in consequence functional recovery. No adverse effects were observed. Simultaneous nerve release with adipose-derived stromal/stem cells support is a promising method in patients who need secondary nerve release after nerve reconstruction. This method can constitute an alternative procedure in patients experiencing recovery failure and allow improvement in cases of limited nerve regeneration. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (No. 62/PB/2016) on September 14, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Krzesniak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Osiak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartłomiej H Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Gregory H, Phillips JB. Materials for peripheral nerve repair constructs: Natural proteins or synthetic polymers? Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104953. [PMID: 33388359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficacious repair of severe peripheral nerve injuries is currently an unmet clinical need, and biomaterial constructs offer a promising approach to help promote nerve regeneration. Current research focuses on the development of more sophisticated constructs with complex architecture and the addition of regenerative agents to encourage timely reinnervation and promote functional recovery. This review surveyed the present landscape of nerve repair construct literature with a focus on six selected materials that are frequently encountered in this application: the natural proteins collagen, chitosan, and silk, and the synthetic polymers poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly-glycolic acid (PGA). This review also investigated the use of cell therapy in nerve repair constructs, and in all instances concentrated on publications reporting constructs developed and tested in vivo in the last five years (2015-2020). Across the selected literature, the popularity of natural proteins and synthetic polymers appears to be broadly equivalent, with a similar number of studies reporting successful outcomes in vivo. Both material types are also utilised as vehicles for cell therapy, which has much potential to improve the results of nerve bridging for treating longer gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James B Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Dehdashtian A, Bratley JV, Svientek SR, Kung TA, Awan TM, Cederna PS, Kemp SW. Autologous fat grafting for nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain: current state from bench-to-bedside. Regen Med 2020; 15:2209-2228. [PMID: 33264053 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in microsurgical techniques, functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury remains slow and inadequate. Poor peripheral nerve regeneration not only leaves patients with significant impairments, but also commonly leads to the development of debilitating neuropathic pain. Recent research has demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of adipose-derived stem cells, to enhance nerve regeneration. However, clinical translation remains limited due to the current regulatory burdens of the US FDA. A reliable and immediately translatable alternative is autologous fat grafting, where native adipose-derived stem cells present in the transferred tissue can potentially act upon regenerating axons. This review presents the scope of adipose tissue-based therapies to enhance outcomes following peripheral nerve injury, specifically focusing on their role in regeneration and ameliorating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dehdashtian
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jarred V Bratley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shelby R Svientek
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tariq M Awan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Wp Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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Meena P, Kakkar A, Kumar M, Khatri N, Nagar RK, Singh A, Malhotra P, Shukla M, Saraswat SK, Srivastava S, Datt R, Pandey S. Advances and clinical challenges for translating nerve conduit technology from bench to bed side for peripheral nerve repair. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:617-644. [PMID: 33201351 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the peripheral nervous system remain a large-scale clinical problem. These injuries often lead to loss of motor and/or sensory function that significantly affects patients' quality of life. The current neurosurgical approach for peripheral nerve repair involves autologous nerve transplantation, which often leads to clinical complications. The most pressing need is to increase the regenerative capacity of existing tubular constructs in the repair of large nerve gaps through development of tissue-engineered approaches that can surpass the performance of autografts. To fully realize the clinical potential of nerve conduit technology, there is a need to reconsider design strategies, biomaterial selection, fabrication techniques and the various potential modifications to optimize a conduit microenvironment that can best mimic the natural process of regeneration. In recent years, a significant progress has been made in the designing and functionality of bioengineered nerve conduits to bridge long peripheral nerve gaps in various animal models. However, translation of this work from lab to commercial scale has not been achieve. The current review summarizes recent advances in the development of tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with regard to choice of material, novel fabrication methods, surface modifications and regenerative cues such as stem cells and growth factors to improve regeneration performance. Also, the current clinical potential and future perspectives to achieve therapeutic benefits of NGCs will be discussed in context of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Anupama Kakkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Khatri
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Nagar
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Malhotra
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Manish Shukla
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Saraswat
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Rajan Datt
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Life Sciences, Datt Mediproducts Pvt. Ltd., Roz Ka Meo Industrial Area, District Mewat, Nuh, 122103, District Haryana, India.
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26
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Xie Y, Schneider KJ, Ali SA, Hogikyan ND, Feldman EL, Brenner MJ. Current landscape in motoneuron regeneration and reconstruction for motor cranial nerve injuries. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1639-1649. [PMID: 32209763 PMCID: PMC7437597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate anatomy and physiology of cranial nerves have inspired clinicians and scientists to study their roles in the nervous system. Damage to motor cranial nerves may result from a variety of organic or iatrogenic insults and causes devastating functional impairment and disfigurement. Surgical innovations directed towards restoring function to injured motor cranial nerves and their associated organs have evolved to include nerve repair, grafting, substitution, and muscle transposition. In parallel with this progress, research on tissue-engineered constructs, development of bioelectrical interfaces, and modulation of the regenerative milieu through cellular, immunomodulatory, or neurotrophic mechanisms has proliferated to enhance the available repertoire of clinically applicable reconstructive options. Despite these advances, patients continue to suffer from functional limitations relating to inadequate cranial nerve regeneration, aberrant reinnervation, or incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function. These shortfalls have profound quality of life ramifications and provide an impetus to further elucidate mechanisms underlying cranial nerve denervation and to improve repair. In this review, we summarize the literature on reconstruction and regeneration of motor cranial nerves following various injury patterns. We focus on seven cranial nerves with predominantly efferent functions and highlight shared patterns of injuries and clinical manifestations. We also present an overview of the existing reconstructive approaches, from facial reanimation, laryngeal reinnervation, to variations of interposition nerve grafts for reconstruction. We discuss ongoing endeavors to promote nerve regeneration and to suppress aberrant reinnervation and the development of synkinesis. Insights from these studies will shed light on recent progress and new horizons in understanding the biomechanics of peripheral nerve neurobiology, with emphasis on promising strategies for optimizing neural regeneration and identifying future directions in the field of motor cranial neuron research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin J. Schneider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Syed A. Ali
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norman D. Hogikyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael J. Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Tada K, Nakada M, Matsuta M, Murai A, Hayashi K, Tsuchiya H. Enhanced nerve autograft using stromal vascular fraction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 31:183-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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The Regenerative Potential of Facial Nerve Motoneurons following Chronic Axotomy in Rats. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8884511. [PMID: 32802043 PMCID: PMC7416273 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8884511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The precise mechanisms of nerve regeneration remain unclear. The potential of facial nerve regeneration and probable mechanisms involved following chronic facial nerve injury should be further studied. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were used to model either (i) facial nerve injury (axotomy) or (ii) reinjury (chronic axotomy followed by a second axotomy within 5 months). The rats were housed in the animal facility of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University (Shanghai, China). Expression of Shh (sonic hedgehog) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43, a neuronal marker) was detected in bilateral facial nuclei using reverse transcriptase PCR, western blotting analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The number of surviving motoneurons was quantified, and facial nerve regeneration was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Results Reinjury of the facial nerve 12 weeks after the first axotomy resulted in upregulation of GAP43 mRNA and protein expression in neurons ipsilateral to the axotomy; immunohistochemistry revealed that Shh expression was higher compared with control side facial nuclei at the same time point. GAP43 expression subsequently decreased. Conclusion The greatest regeneration potential of the facial nerve occurred within 5 months following chronic axotomy in rats, and regeneration may involve the Shh signaling pathway.
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29
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Fujii K, Matsumine H, Osaki H, Ueta Y, Kamei W, Niimi Y, Hashimoto K, Miyata M, Sakurai H. Accelerated outgrowth in cross-facial nerve grafts wrapped with adipose-derived stem cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1087-1099. [PMID: 32592279 DOI: 10.1002/term.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we devised a novel cross-facial nerve grafting (CFNG) procedure using an autologous nerve graft wrapped in an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheet that was formed on a temperature-responsive dish and examined its therapeutic effect in a rat model of facial palsy. The rat model of facial paralysis was prepared by ligating and transecting the main trunk of the left facial nerve. The sciatic nerve was used for CFNG, connecting the marginal mandibular branch of the left facial nerve and the marginal mandibular branch of the right facial nerve. CFNG alone, CFNG coated with an ADSC suspension, and CFNG wrapped in an ADSC sheet were transplanted in eight rats each, designated the CFNG, suspension, and sheet group, respectively. Nerve regeneration was compared histologically and physiologically. The time to reinnervation, assessed by a facial palsy scoring system, was significantly shorter in the sheet group than in the other two groups. Evoked compound electromyography showed a significantly higher amplitude in the sheet group (4.2 ± 1.3 mV) than in the suspension (1.7 ± 1.2 mV) or CFNG group (1.6 ± 0.8 mV; p < .01). Toluidine blue staining showed that the number of myelinated fibers was significantly higher in the sheet group (2,450 ± 687) than in the suspension (1,645 ± 659) or CFNG group (1,049 ± 307; p < .05). CFNG in combination with ADSC sheets, prepared using temperature-responsive dishes, promoted axonal outgrowth in autologous nerve grafts and reduced the time to reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Fujimaki H, Matsumine H, Osaki H, Ueta Y, Kamei W, Shimizu M, Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Kazama T, Matsumoto T, Niimi Y, Miyata M, Sakurai H. Corrigendum to "Dedifferentiated fat cells in polyglycolic acid-collagen nerve conduits promote rat facial nerve regeneration" [Regen Ther 11 (2019) 240-248]. Regen Ther 2020; 15:35-43. [PMID: 32551339 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.004.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujimaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mari Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kazama
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Ouasti S, Faroni A, Kingham PJ, Ghibaudi M, Reid AJ, Tirelli N. Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Receptors and the Motility of Schwann Cell(-Like) Phenotypes. Cells 2020; 9:E1477. [PMID: 32560323 PMCID: PMC7349078 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM), also known as CD168, are perhaps the most studied receptors for hyaluronic acid (HA); among their various functions, both are known to play a role in the motility of a number of cell types. In peripheral nerve regeneration, the stimulation of glial cell motility has potential to lead to better therapeutic outcomes, thus this study aimed to ascertain the presence of these receptors in Schwann cells (rat adult aSCs and neonatal nSCs) and to confirm their influence on motility. We included also a Schwann-like phenotype (dAD-MSCs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uAD-MSCs), as a possible basis for an autologous cell therapy. CD44 was expressed similarly in all cell types. Interestingly, uAD-MSCs were RHAMM(low), whereas both Schwann cells and dASCs turned out to be similarly RHAMM(high), and indeed antibody blockage of RHAMM effectively immobilized (in vitro scratch wound assay) all the RHAMM(high) Schwann(-like) types, but not the RHAMM(low) uAD-MSCs. Blocking CD44, on the other hand, affected considerably more uAD-MSCs than the Schwann(-like) cells, while the combined blockage of the two receptors immobilized all cells. The results therefore indicate that Schwann-like cells have a specifically RHAMM-sensitive motility, where the motility of precursor cells such as uAD-MSCs is CD44- but not RHAMM-sensitive; our data also suggest that CD44 and RHAMM may be using complementary motility-controlling circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Ouasti
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.F.); (P.J.K.); (A.J.R.)
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.F.); (P.J.K.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matilde Ghibaudi
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.F.); (P.J.K.); (A.J.R.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy;
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Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Vallarola A, Bertani G, Mecugni D, Carnevale G. Neural crest derived stem cells from dental pulp and tooth-associated stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:373-381. [PMID: 31571644 PMCID: PMC6921350 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerve injuries, representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system, are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden. Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system, mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair, several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing. Based on the injury type, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far. Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, however these approaches own limitations, such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity. Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration, in fact, the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade. Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because of the ease of isolation procedures, stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities, which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest. In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models, highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vallarola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Mecugni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Azienda USL - Institute and Health Care (IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Zhao D, Li YH, Yang ZY, Cai T, Wu XY, Xia Y, Zhou Z. [Effect of the local application of stem cells on repairing facial nerve defects: a systematic review]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:59-68. [PMID: 32037768 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the repairing effect of stem cells on facial nerve defects. METHODS Articles regarding the regenerating effect of stem cells on facial nerves in animals were collected from the databases of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and CBM. Two professionals independently completed the article screening, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. RevMan 5.3 and random-effects models were used for the statistical analysis, and the results were presented in the form of mean differences (MD) with a 95%CI. The results of functional evaluation (vibrissae movement, facial paralysis) and histological evaluation (density of myelinated fibers, diameter of fibers, thickness of myelin sheath, G ratio) of facial nerve were Meta-analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4 614 articles were retrieved from the 6 databases, and 15 of these articles were included in the Meta-analysis. For vibrissae movement and facial paralysis, the stem cell group scored significantly higher than the non-stem cell group (P<0.05). The density of myelinated fibers and thickness of the myelin sheath in the stem cell group were higher than those in the non-stem cell group (P<0.05). The G ratio in the stem cell group was smaller than that in the non-stem cell group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in fiber diameter (P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Stem cells have potential in promoting facial nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yue-Heng Li
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Yang
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Dept. of Preventive Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Muni-cipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401120, China
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Amani H, Kazerooni H, Hassanpoor H, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials towards nerve tissue engineering: a review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3524-3539. [PMID: 31437011 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1639723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is known as a crucial part of the body and derangement in this system can cause potentially lethal consequences or serious side effects. Unfortunately, the nervous system is unable to rehabilitate damaged regions following seriously debilitating disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury and brain trauma which, in turn, lead to the reduction of quality of life for the patient. Major challenges in restoring the damaged nervous system are low regenerative capacity and the complexity of physiology system. Synthetic polymeric biomaterials with outstanding properties such as excellent biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity find a wide range of applications in biomedical fields especially neural implants and nerve tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite these advancements, tailoring polymeric biomaterials for design of a desired scaffold is fundamental issue that needs tremendous attention to promote the therapeutic benefits and minimize adverse effects. This review aims to (i) describe the nervous system and related injuries. Then, (ii) nerve tissue engineering strategies are discussed and (iii) physiochemical properties of synthetic polymeric biomaterials systematically highlighted. Moreover, tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hanif Kazerooni
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Hassanpoor
- Department of Cognitive Science, Dade Pardazi, Shenakht Mehvar, Atynegar (DSA) Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Fujimaki H, Matsumine H, Osaki H, Ueta Y, Kamei W, Shimizu M, Hashimoto K, Fujii K, Kazama T, Matsumoto T, Niimi Y, Miyata M, Sakurai H. Dedifferentiated fat cells in polyglycolic acid-collagen nerve conduits promote rat facial nerve regeneration. Regen Ther 2019; 11:240-248. [PMID: 31534987 PMCID: PMC6744597 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyglycolic acid (PGA) nerve conduits, an artificial biodegradable nerve regeneration-inducing tube currently used in clinical practice, are effective in regenerating peripheral nerves. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells differentiate into various cells including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and myofibroblasts, when cultured in appropriate differentiation-inducing conditioned culture medium. This study made a hybrid artificial nerve conduit by filling a PGA conduit with DFAT cells, applied the conduit to a rat facial nerve defect model, and investigated the facial nerve regenerative ability of the conduit. Methods Under inhalational anesthesia, the buccal branch of the facial nerve in Lewis rats was exposed, and a 7-mm nerve defect was created. PGA nerve conduits were filled with DFAT cells, which were prepared from rat subcutaneous adipose tissue with type I collagen as a scaffold, and then grafted into the nerve defect sites in rats with a microscope (DFAT group) (n = 10). In other rats, PGA artificial nerve conduits alone were similarly grafted into the nerve defect sites (the control group) (n = 10). Reinnervation was confirmed at 13 weeks postoperatively by a retrograde tracer, followed by histological and physiological comparative studies. Results The mean number of myelinated fibers was significantly higher in DFAT group (1605 ± 806.23) than in the control group (543.6 ± 478.66). Myelin thickness was also significantly lager in DFAT group (0.57 ± 0.17 μm) than in the control group. (0.46 ± 0.14 μm). Although no significant difference was found in the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) between DFAT group (2.84 ± 2.47 mV) and the control group (0.88 ± 0.56 mV), whisker motion was lager in DFAT group (9.22° ± 0.65°) than in the control group (1.9° ± 0.84°). Conclusions DFAT cell-filled PGA conduits were found to promote nerve regeneration in an experimental rat facial nerve defect model. PGA artificial conduits containing DFAT cells were made in this study. The facial nerve regenerative ability of conduits was evaluated in a rat model. Reinnervation was confirmed at 13 weeks postoperatively. The nerve regeneration promoting effect of DFAT cells was found in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujimaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +81-3-3225-0940.
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mari Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kazama
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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Surgical anatomy of the ovine sural nerve for facial nerve regeneration and reconstruction research. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10564. [PMID: 31332199 PMCID: PMC6646377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a clinically relevant animal models for research in facial nerve reconstruction is challenging. In this study, we investigated the surgical anatomy of the ovine sural nerve as a potential candidate for facial nerve reconstruction, and performed its histological quantitative analysis in comparison to the buccal branch (BB) of the facial nerve using cadaver and anesthetized sheep. The ovine sural nerve descended to the lower leg along the short saphenous vein. The length of the sural nerve was 14.3 ± 0.5 cm. The distance from the posterior edge of the lateral malleolus to the sural nerve was 7.8 ± 1.8 mm. The mean number of myelinated fibers in the sural nerve was significantly lower than that of the BB (2,311 ± 381vs. 5,022 ± 433, respectively. p = 0.003). The number of fascicles in the sural nerve was also significantly lower than in the BB (10.5 ± 1.7 vs. 21.3 ± 2.7, respectively. p = 0.007). The sural nerve was grafted to the BB with end-to-end neurorrhaphy under surgical microscopy in cadaver sheep. The surgical anatomy and the number of fascicles of the ovine sural nerve were similar of those reported in humans. The results suggest that the sural nerve can be successfully used for facial nerve reconstruction research in a clinically relevant ovine model.
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PDGF enhances the protective effect of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute hindlimb ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17458. [PMID: 30514962 PMCID: PMC6279818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulates the biological activity of extracellular vesicles released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs). ASC-EVs may interact with blood and vessel cells by transferring proteins and nucleic acids and regulate their functions. In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory activity and protection from acute hindlimb ischemia of EVs released by PDGF-stimulated ASC (PDGF-EVs). PDGF treatment of ASC changed protein and RNA composition of released EVs by enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors. In vitro, control EVs (cEVs) derived from non-stimulated ASC increased the secretion of both the IL-1b, IL-17, IFNγ, TNFα pro-inflammatory factors and the IL-10 anti-inflammatory factor, and enhanced the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion on endothelium. In contrast, PDGF-EVs enhanced IL-10 secretion and induced TGF-β1 secretion by PBMC. Moreover, PDGF-EVs stimulated the formation of T regulatory cells. In vivo, PDGF-EVs protected muscle tissue from acute ischemia, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased T regulatory cell infiltration in respect to cEVs. Our results suggest that PDGF-EVs are enriched in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors and induced in PBMC an enhanced production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 resulting in protection of muscle from acute ischemia in vivo.
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Velmurugan BK, Bharathi Priya L, Poornima P, Lee LJ, Baskaran R. Biomaterial aided differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8443-8454. [PMID: 30565686 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineering/reprogramming differentiated adult somatic cells to gain the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage are called as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Offering unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential, these iPSC are aspired to meet the growing demands in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. Biomaterial fabrication with the rapid evolution of technology increased their versatility and utility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, revolutionizing the stem cell biology research with the property to guide the process of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Combining traditional culture platforms of iPSC with biomaterials aids to overcome the limitations associated with derivation, proliferation, and maturation, thereby could improve the clinical translation of iPSC. The present review discusses in brief about the reprogramming techniques for the derivation iPSC and details on several biomaterial guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types with specific relevance to tissue engineering/regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paramasivan Poornima
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, UK
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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