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Poon ETC, Li HY, Little JP, Wong SHS, Ho RST. Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9. [PMID: 39003682 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of interval training for improving body composition has been summarized in an increasing number of systematic reviews in recent years, discrepancies in review findings and conclusions have been observed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of interval training compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and nonexercise control (CON) in reducing body adiposity in apparently healthy adults. METHODS An umbrella review with meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) up to October 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interval training and MICT/CON were included. Literature selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of interval training [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT)], intervention duration, body mass index, exercise modality, and volume of HIIT protocols. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews, including 79 RCTs and 2474 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most systematic reviews had a critically low (n = 6) or low (n = 6) AMSTAR-2 score. Interval training demonstrated significantly greater reductions in total body fat percent (BF%) compared with MICT [weighted mean difference (WMD) of - 0.77%; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.12 to - 0.32%] and CON (WMD of - 1.50%; 95% CI - 2.40 to - 0.58%). Significant reductions in fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and android abdominal fat were also observed following interval training compared to CON. Subgroup analyses indicated that both HIIT and SIT resulted in superior BF% loss than MICT. These benefits appeared to be more prominent in individuals with overweight/obesity and longer duration interventions (≥ 12 weeks), as well as in protocols using cycling as a modality and low-volume HIIT (i.e., < 15 min of high-intensity exercise per session). CONCLUSIONS This novel umbrella review with large-scale meta-analysis provides an updated synthesis of evidence with implications for physical activity guideline recommendations. The findings support interval training as a viable exercise strategy for reducing adiposity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Yat Li
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Physical Education Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Wang T, Mao J, Bo S, Zhang L, Li Q. Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38212817 PMCID: PMC10785405 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men. METHODS This is a cross-over randomized trial. Eleven healthy active young men took part in both C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise in C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Meanwhile, blood samples for cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed using ELISA before, 5min and 35min after exercise. RESULTS There was a significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.182) and time main effect for ⊿CAVI (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.729), and R-HIIT resulted in a more significant reduction in ⊿CAVI compared to C-HIIT (- 0.60 ± 0.30, P = 0.043, d = 0.924) immediately after exercise. There was a significant time main effect was observed for SBP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). A significant time main effect for lnHF (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.782), lnRMSSD (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.693), and LF/HF (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.302) of HRV was observed. A significant time main effect was observed for cTnT (P = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.193) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.334) of cardiac biomarkers. CONCLUSION R-HIIT and C-HIIT elicited similar acute responses in cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. However, R-HIIT was more effective in reducing arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac biomarkers induced by both C-HIIT and R-HIIT was reversible. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered on 22 February 2022 at www.chictr.org.cn with identification number ChiCTR2200056897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Mao
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Sanca-Valeriano S, Espinola-Sánchez M, Caballero-Alvarado J, Canelo-Aybar C. Effect of high-intensity interval training compared to moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20402. [PMID: 37800068 PMCID: PMC10550571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adults with overweight and obesity. Outcomes, including changes in insulin sensitivity, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat, were analyzed. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted. This review is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42021281899. Clinical trials involving individuals who are overweight and obese and comparing HIIT with MICT effects on insulin sensitivity, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were included. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched using controlled vocabulary and free-text terms related to HIIT, obesity, and overweight. The search included studies published until September 2022. The Rob2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The results were presented through meta-analyses that provided summary estimators and confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the risk of bias on the outcomes. This research did not receive any specific funding. Results Of the 2534 articles, 30 met the eligibility criteria. The intervention duration ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. The observed effects for each outcome were as follows: insulin sensitivity (p = 0.02), weight (p = 0.58), BMI (p = 0.53), waist circumference (p = 0.87), body fat percentage (p = 0.07), body fat mass in kilograms (p = 0.39). The level of evidence obtained was moderate except for waist circumference, which was rated as low. Limitations included heterogeneity in training protocols, measurements, and study duration. Additionally, a risk of bias was identified in these studies. Conclusion HIIT and MICT did not significantly differ in their effects on weight, BMI, waist circumference, or body fat mass in adults with overweight and obesity. However, a moderate beneficial effect of HIIT was observed on insulin sensitivity. Therefore, further evidence is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain
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Guo Z, Li M, Cai J, Gong W, Liu Y, Liu Z. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4741. [PMID: 36981649 PMCID: PMC10048683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the young and middle-aged. METHODS Seven databases were searched from their inception to 22 October 2022 for studies (randomized controlled trials only) with HIIT and MICT intervention. Meta-analysis was carried out for within-group (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and between-group (HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and CRF. RESULTS A total of 1738 studies were retrieved from the database, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group analyses indicated that both HIIT and MICT can bring significant improvement in body composition and CRF, except for FFM. Between-group analyses found that compared to MICT, HIIT brings significant benefits to WC, PFM, and VO2peak. CONCLUSIONS The effect of HIIT on fat loss and CRF in the young and middle-aged is similar to or better than MICT, which might be influenced by age (18-45 years), complications (obesity), duration (>6 weeks), frequency, and HIIT interval. Despite the clinical significance of the improvement being limited, HIIT appears to be more time-saving and enjoyable than MICT.
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Li S, Shaharudin S, Cirer-Sastre R, Li F, Abdul Manaf F, Mohd Shukri MF. Effects of high-intensity interval exercise on cardiac troponin elevation when comparing with moderate-intensity continuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14508. [PMID: 36647447 PMCID: PMC9840388 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with different recovery modes versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation. Methodology A literature search was conducted in four databases: Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science from January 2010 to June 2022. The articles were screened, evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021245649). Standardized mean differences (SMD) of peak cTn were analyzed with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Revman 5.4 software. Results Six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria with a total of 92 and 79 participants for HIIE and MICE, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference between HIIE and MICE in the elevation of cardiac troponin T (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI [-0.21, 1.03]], p = 0.20, I 2 = 77%, p for heterogeneity <0.01). In subgroup analysis, HIIE with passive recovery elicits greater release of cardiac troponin T than MICE (SMD: 0.85 [95% CI [0.44, 1.27]], p < 0.01, I 2 = 32%, p for heterogeneity = 0.22). Changes of cardiac troponin T (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI [-0.21, 1.03]], p = 0.20, I 2 = 77%, p for heterogeneity < 0.01) after HIIE with active recovery were not significantly different from those of MICE. Conclusions There was no significant difference between HIIE and MICE in the elevation of cardiac troponin T. However, HIIE with passive recovery elicited more cardiac troponin T elevation than MICE, which should be considered when developing exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Li
- School of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China,Exercise & Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Shazlin Shaharudin
- Exercise & Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Rafel Cirer-Sastre
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia; Research Group Human Movement, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Feifei Li
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Faizal Abdul Manaf
- Defence Fitness Academy, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faiz Mohd Shukri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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White EJ, Susman SJ, Bouffler A, Leahy JC, Griffin SM, Christenson R, Newby LK, Gordee A, Kuchibhatla M, Limkakeng AT. Predictors of Stress-Delta High-Sensitivity Troponin T in Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Stress Testing. Cureus 2022; 14:e29601. [PMID: 36321030 PMCID: PMC9599911 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Elevations in high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) are frequently observed following extreme physical exercise. In light of this, we sought to determine whether specific clinical characteristics are associated with this phenomenon in patients undergoing cardiac exercise tolerance testing (ETT). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected biospecimen repository of 257 patients undergoing a stress echocardiogram for possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes during ETT and the presence or absence of ischemia on imaging were determined by a board-licensed cardiologist. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and hs-TnT assays were obtained immediately before and two hours following ETT. We developed linear regression models including several clinical characteristics to predict two-hour stress-delta hs-TnT. Variable selection was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Results The mean age of the patients was 52 years [standard deviation (SD): 11.4]; 125 (48.6%) of them were men, and 88 (34.2%) were African-American. Twenty-two patients (8.6%) had ischemia evident on echocardiography, and 31 (12.1%) had ischemic ECG changes during exercise. The mean baseline hs-TnT was 5.6 ng/L (SD: 6.4) and the mean two-hour hs-TnT was 7.1 ng/L (SD: 10.2). Age and ischemic ECG changes were associated with two-hour stress-delta hs-TnT values. Conclusions Based on our findings, ischemic changes in stress ECG and age were associated with an increase in hs-TnT levels following exercise during a stress echo.
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7
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Metsios GS, Perivoliotis K, Liguori G, Feito Y, Riebe D, Thompson WR, Angelopoulos TJ, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Fatouros IG. Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e008243. [PMID: 35477256 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the comparative efficacy of 5 exercise modalities on cardiometabolic health measures in individuals with overweight/obesity. METHODS A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to September 2020. The review focused on randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions consisting of continuous endurance training, interval training, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance training (combined training), and hybrid-type training. Exercise interventions aimed to improve somatometric variables, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose control, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The intervention ranking was carried out using a Bayesian model where mean and SD were equal to the respective frequentist estimates. RESULTS A total of 4331 participants (59% female; mean age: 38.7±12.3 years) from 81 studies were included. Combined training was the most effective modality and hybrid-type training the second most effective in improving cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in these populations suggesting a higher efficacy for multicomponent exercise interventions compared to single-component modalities, that is, continuous endurance training, interval training, and resistance training. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects from different exercise types were mediated by gender. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the latest guidelines on exercise for individuals with overweight/obesity highlighting the importance of a multicomponent exercise approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Physicians and healthcare professionals should consider prescribing multicomponent exercise interventions to adults with overweight/obesity to maximize clinical outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42020202647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Georgios S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (G.S.M.).,Russells Hall Hospital, Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom (G.S.M.).,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom (G.S.M.)
| | | | - Gary Liguori
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuri Feito
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Y.F.)
| | - Deborah Riebe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta (W.R.T.)
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington (T.J.A.)
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Section of Sport and Health Sciences and Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS) (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
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Stavroulakis G, Methenitis S, Koutroulis G, Xanthis D, Cherouveim E, Kroupis C, Anastasiadis G, Ketselidi K, Vlachopoulou E, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P. Exploring the predictors and prognostic significance of exercise-induced cardiac troponin release in master athletes following a 28km mountain race. The Vamvakou Research Project. Biomarkers 2022; 27:418-426. [PMID: 35383512 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2062449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ιntroduction. Etiology and significance of exercise-induced troponin release remains a contentious issue. We investigated the effect of a 28km mountain run on cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in relation to training, performance, nutritional, biochemical and echocardiography variables, in a group of 25 recreational male master athletes.Μaterial and methods. A comprehensive list of variables related with nutrition, training, performance and echocardiography, was collected pre- and post-race. Twenty four months later, outcomes regarding cardiovascular events was obtained.Results. Serum cTnI values were increased after the race, with mean values rising from 7.2 ± 2.2 (before) to 80.0 ± 33.2ng/L (post race), (p < 0.001) and 23/25(92%) exceeding Upper Reference limit (50ng/L). Echocardiography did not reveal significant alterations, or correlations with cTnI values. The % difference in hs-cTnI concentrations pre- and post race correlated positively with age, race-induced changes of selected muscle damage indices, resistance training volume, and negatively with endurance capacity and training volume (r: -0.727 to 0.725, p < 0.05). All athletes reported no cardiovascular event during the 24 month period post race.Conclusion. cTnI elevation induced by a 28km mountain running race was not correlated with echocardiographic, nutritional parameters and was less pronounced in athletes with larger endurance training history, in contrast with resistance training and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stavroulakis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiology, Hygeias Melathron, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Eugenia Cherouveim
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kleopatra Ketselidi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elpiniki Vlachopoulou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietology, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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9
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Wang K, Zhu Y, Wong SHS, Chen Y, Siu PMF, Baker JS, Sun F. Effects and dose-response relationship of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2829-2846. [PMID: 34399677 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1964800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to quantify the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by considering potential moderators and to characterise dose-response relationships of HIIT variables that could maximise CRF improvements in overweight and obese adults. Following a comprehensive search through four electronic databases, 19 studies met eligibility criteria. Random-effects models were applied to weight all included studies and to compute the weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMDwm). Meta-analysis showed that HIIT was a highly effective approach for improving CRF in overweight and obese adults (SMDwm = 1.13). Effects were modified by sex and baseline CRF level. Dose-response relationship analysis provided some preliminary data regarding the training period, training intensity, and session duration. However, it is still not possible to provide accurate recommendations currently. Further studies are still needed to identify the most appropriate training variables to prescribe effective HIIT programmes for improving CRF in overweight and obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Wang
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department Of Sports Science And Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department Of Maternal And Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division Of Kinesiology, School Of Public Health, University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department Of Sport And Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department Of Health And Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Mattioni Maturana F, Soares RN, Murias JM, Schellhorn P, Erz G, Burgstahler C, Widmann M, Munz B, Thiel A, Nieß AM. Responders and non-responders to aerobic exercise training: beyond the evaluation of V˙O2max. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14951. [PMID: 34409753 PMCID: PMC8374384 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max ) following exercise training is the classical assessment of training effectiveness. Research has lacked in investigating whether individuals that do not respond to the training intervention ( V ˙ O 2 max ), also do not improve in other health-related parameters. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations (i.e., performance, body composition, blood pressure, vascular function, fasting blood markers, and resting cardiac function and morphology) to exercise training among participants who showed different levels of V ˙ O 2 max responsiveness. Healthy sedentary participants engaged in a 6-week exercise training program, three times a week. Our results showed that responders had a greater increase in peak power output, second lactate threshold, and microvascular responsiveness, whereas non-responders had a greater increase in cycling efficiency. No statistical differences were observed in body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters, and resting cardiac adaptations. In conclusion, our study showed, for the first time, that in addition to the differences in the V ˙ O 2 max , a greater increase in microvascular responsiveness in responders compared to non-responders was observed. Additionally, responders and non-responders did not show differences in the adaptations on metabolic parameters. There is an increasing need for personalized training prescription, depending on the target clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Juan M. Murias
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Manuel Widmann
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Institute of Sports ScienceEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Andreas M. Nieß
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
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11
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Kashef A, Nikoo AS. Effects of short duration high intensity competition on cardiac and cell damage biomarkers. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin T (cTnT), cardiac troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and the cell damage biomarkers including creatine phosphokinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in response to a short-duration high-intensity competition with correction of the post-exercise raw data with the plasma volume loss in trained athletes. Thirty-two male athletes (age, 26.9±4.7 years) competed in 8 min high-intensity competition. The competition items included: running for 400 meters; three-stage deadlifting; bar pulling up; and 30 kg kettlebell swinging. Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the competition and biomarkers analysed. Plasma volume changes were estimated from haemoglobin and haematocrit readings before and after the competition. A significant increase was shown immediately after the competition compared to resting in cTnT, AST, ALT, CPK, and CRP (P<0/001). CK-MB showed no significant difference. When raw data were corrected for plasma volume loss, CPK showed a significant increase (P<0.001), and LDH and CK-MB a significant decrease (P<0.001), however cTnT, AST, ALT and CRP showed no significant difference. The plasma volume loss can affect the response of cardiac and cellular damage biomarkers to exercise. High-intensity competition for 8 min did not elevate the cardiac biomarkers, but elevated the muscle biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kashef
- Exercise Physiology Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan St., Tehran, 1678815811, Iran
| | - A. Sadeghi Nikoo
- Oxygen Medical and Research Center, Seoul St., Tehran, 1468973141, Iran
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12
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Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:610-623. [PMID: 33837165 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. METHODS A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. RESULTS MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = -0.92; 95% confidence interval, -1.63 to -0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = -0.52; 95% confidence interval, -1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. CONCLUSIONS MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.
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13
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Maturana FM, Schellhorn P, Erz G, Burgstahler C, Widmann M, Munz B, Soares RN, Murias JM, Thiel A, Nieß AM. Individual cardiovascular responsiveness to work-matched exercise within the moderate- and severe-intensity domains. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2039-2059. [PMID: 33811557 PMCID: PMC8192395 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the cardiovascular individual response to 6 weeks (3×/week) of work-matched within the severe-intensity domain (high-intensity interval training, HIIT) or moderate-intensity domain (moderate-intensity continuous training, MICT). In addition, we analyzed the cardiovascular factors at baseline underlying the response variability. Methods 42 healthy sedentary participants were randomly assigned to HIIT or MICT. We applied the region of practical equivalence-method for identifying the levels of responders to the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) response. For investigating the influence of cardiovascular markers, we trained a Bayesian machine learning model on cardiovascular markers. Results Despite that HIIT and MICT induced significant increases in V̇O2max, HIIT had greater improvements than MICT (p < 0.001). Greater variability was observed in MICT, with approximately 50% classified as “non-responder” and “undecided”. 20 “responders”, one “undecided” and no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The variability in the ∆V̇O2max was associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness, arterial stiffness, and left-ventricular (LV) mass and LV end-diastolic diameter in HIIT; whereas, microvascular responsiveness and right-ventricular (RV) excursion velocity showed a significant association in MICT. Conclusion Our findings highlight the critical influence of exercise-intensity domains and biological variability on the individual V̇O2max response. The incidence of “non-responders” in MICT was one third of the group; whereas, no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The incidence of “responders” was 11 out of 21 participants in MICT, and 20 out of 21 participants in HIIT. The response in HIIT showed associations with baseline fitness, arterial stiffness, and LV-morphology; whereas, it was associated with RV systolic function in MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Widmann
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Mattioni Maturana F, Martus P, Zipfel S, NIEß AM. Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:559-573. [PMID: 32890201 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. METHODS Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen's d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included. RESULTS Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = -0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = -0.02), body mass (d = -0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = -0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = -0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = -0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = -0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Martus
- Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometrics Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Andreas M NIEß
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
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15
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Li F, Nie J, Zhang H, Fu F, Yi L, Hopkins W, Liu Y, Lu Y. Effects of Matched Intermittent and Continuous Exercise on Changes of Cardiac Biomarkers in Endurance Runners. Front Physiol 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32082191 PMCID: PMC7005585 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endurance runners training with high-intensity intermittent exercise might experience damage to cardiac muscle. We have therefore compared changes of cardiac biomarkers after workload-matched intermittent and continuous exercise. Methods Twelve endurance runners [11 males, 1 female; means ± SD V.O2max, 62.4 ± 5.4 ml kg–1 min–1; velocity of V.O2max (v V.O2max), 17.1 ± 1.4 km h–1] completed an intermittent and continuous exercise trial in random order. Intermittent exercise consisted of running at 90% vV.O2max for 2 min followed by 50% vV.O2max for 2 min, repeated for 92 min. Continuous exercise was performed at 70% vV.O2max for 92 min. Blood samples were drawn before and 0, 2, 4, 24, and 48 h after exercise for assay of various cardiac biomarkers. Changes in concentration of biomarkers were averaged for the comparison of intermittent with continuous exercise after adjustment for baseline concentration and exercise intensity expressed as percent of heart-rate reserve (%HRR); magnitudes were assessed by standardization. Results There were moderate and large increases in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I and -T respectively following exercise. The differences between the increases adjusted to the mean intensity of 78 %HRR were trivial, but at 85 %HRR the increases for cardiac troponin-I and -T were moderately higher for intermittent compared with continuous exercise (factor difference, ×/÷90% confidence limits: 3.4, ×/÷1.9 and 2.1, ×/÷1.8 respectively). Differences in the changes in other cardiac biomarkers were trivial. Conclusion Prolonged intermittent exercise is potentially more damaging to cardiac muscle than continuous exercise of the same average running speed at higher average heart rates in endurance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Frank Fu
- Dr Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longyan Yi
- Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Will Hopkins
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhang H, Nie J, Kong Z, Cao W, Zhu X, Zheng Z, George K. The cTnT response to acute exercise at the onset of an endurance training program: evidence of exercise preconditioning? Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:847-855. [PMID: 30627826 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise induces a cardioprotective effect referred to as "preconditioning". Whether the preconditioning impacts upon the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) response to subsequent exercise bouts is unclear. This study investigated the effects of an initial exercise bout, a second exercise bout 48 h later, as well as subsequent exercise every 48 h for 4 days or a single identical exercise bout after 8 days of inactivity gap on cTnT response to acute exercise. METHODS Twenty-eight sedentary overweight young women were randomly assigned to either six bouts of exercise each separated by 48 h or three bouts of exercise with 48 h between the first two bouts and 8 days between the second and third bouts. All exercise bouts were identical (60% [Formula: see text], 200 kJ) and the total testing period (10 days) was the same for both groups. cTnT was assessed before and after the 1st, 2nd, and final exercise bouts. RESULTS cTnT increased (129%, P < 0.05) after the first bout of exercise in both groups (peak post-exercise cTnT, median [range], ng l-1: 3.43[< 3.00-27.26]) with no between-group differences in the response. The second exercise bout had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on post-exercise cTnT (< 3.00[< 3.00-21.96]). The final exercise bout resulted in an increase (190%, P < 0.05) in cTnT (4.35[< 3.00-13.05]) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A single bout exercise resulted in a temporary blunting of cTnT response to acute exercise 48 h later. The effect of exercise preconditioning was not preserved, regardless of whether followed by repeated exercise every 48 h or a cessation of exercise for 8 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rua de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao, China.
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wenling Cao
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangui Zhu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Andreato LV, Esteves JV, Coimbra DR, Moraes AJP, de Carvalho T. The influence of high-intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:142-155. [PMID: 30450794 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity and to compare the effects with those of moderate-intensity continuous training. METHODS A computer literature search was performed for HIIT intervention studies that evaluated anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity. RESULTS Of the 857 articles retrieved in the electronic search, 48 met the inclusion criteria. The analyses demonstrated that HIIT was effective in decreasing body mass (-1.45 kg [95% CI: -1.85 to -1.05 kg]), body mass index (-0.44 kg m-2 [95% CI: -0.59 to -0.30 kg m-2 ]), waist circumference (-2.3 cm [95% CI: -3.1 to -1.4 cm]), waist/hip ratio (-0.01 [95% CI: -0.02 to -0.00]), body fat percentage (-1.29% [95% CI: -1.70% to -0.87%]) and abdominal visceral fat area (-6.83 cm2 [95% CI: -11.95 to -1.71 cm2 ]). When considering equalization between the two methods (energy expenditure or workload matched), no differences were found in any measure except body mass (for which HIIT was superior). CONCLUSIONS High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training results were similar, particularly when equalization between the two methods was considered. Thus, HIIT can be used as a secondary method for the treatment of obesity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Andreato
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Center of Maringá (UNICESUMAR), Maringá, Brazil
| | - J V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Coimbra
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A J P Moraes
- Department of Physical Education, University of the Valley of Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - T de Carvalho
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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18
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Nie J, Zhang H, He Y, Cao W, Liu Y, Kong Z, George K. The impact of high-intensity interval training on the cTnT response to acute exercise in sedentary obese young women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:160-170. [PMID: 30474147 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study characterized (a) the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) response to three forms of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIE), and (b) the impact of 12 weeks of HIE training on the cTnT response to acute exercise in sedentary obese young women. METHODS Thirty-six sedentary women were randomized to traditional HIE training (repeated 4-minute cycling at 90% V ˙ O2max interspersed with 3-minute rest, 200 kJ/session), work-equivalent sprint interval exercise (SIE) training (repeated 1-minute cycling at 120% V ˙ O2max interspersed with 1.5-minute rest) or repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) training (40 × 6-second all-out sprints interspersed with 9-second rest) group. cTnT was assessed using a high-sensitivity assay before and immediately, 3 and 4 hours after the 1st (PRE), 6th (EARLY), 20th (MID), and 44th (END) training session, respectively. RESULTS cTnT was elevated (P < 0.05) after all forms of acute interval exercise at the PRE and EARLY assessment with cTnT response higher (P < 0.05) after HIE (307%) and SIE (318%) than RSE (142%) at the PRE assessment. All forms of acute interval exercise at MID and END had no effect on the cohort cTnT concentration post-exercise (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION For sedentary obese young women, both HIE and SIE, matched for total work, induced a similar elevation in cTnT after acute exercise with a smaller rise observed after RSE. By the 44th training session, almost no post-exercise cTnT elevation was observed in all three groups. Such information is relevant for clinicians as it could improve medical decisionmaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Nie
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, Macao
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxiu He
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenling Cao
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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