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Giniatullin AR, Mukhutdinova KA, Petrov AM. Mechanism of Purinergic Regulation of Neurotransmission in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction: The Role of Redox Signaling and Lipid Rafts. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2021-2037. [PMID: 38814360 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter at the vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). ACh exocytosis is precisely modulated by co-transmitter ATP and its metabolites. It is assumed that ATP/ADP effects on ACh release rely on activation of presynaptic Gi protein-coupled P2Y13 receptors. However, downstream signaling mechanism of ATP/ADP-mediated modulation of neuromuscular transmission remains elusive. Using microelectrode recording and fluorescent indicators, the mechanism underlying purinergic regulation was studied in the mouse diaphragm NMJs. Pharmacological stimulation of purinoceptors with ADP decreased synaptic vesicle exocytosis evoked by both low and higher frequency stimulation. This inhibitory action was suppressed by antagonists of P2Y13 receptors (MRS 2211), Ca2+ mobilization (TMB8), protein kinase C (chelerythrine) and NADPH oxidase (VAS2870) as well as antioxidants. This suggests the participation of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ADP-triggered signaling. Indeed, ADP caused an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ with subsequent elevation of ROS levels. The elevation of [Ca2+]in was blocked by MRS 2211 and TMB8, whereas upregulation of ROS was prevented by pertussis toxin (inhibitor of Gi protein) and VAS2870. Targeting the main components of lipid rafts, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, suppressed P2Y13 receptor-dependent attenuation of exocytosis and ADP-induced enhancement of ROS production. Inhibition of P2Y13 receptors decreased ROS production and increased the rate of exocytosis during intense activity. Thus, suppression of neuromuscular transmission by exogenous ADP or endogenous ATP can rely on P2Y13 receptor/Gi protein/Ca2+/protein kinase C/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling, which is coordinated in a lipid raft-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamilla A Mukhutdinova
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012.
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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Mardelle U, Bretaud N, Daher C, Feuillet V. From pain to tumor immunity: influence of peripheral sensory neurons in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335387. [PMID: 38433844 PMCID: PMC10905387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are the primary sensory interfaces of the body, allowing it to recognize, process, and respond to various stimuli from both the external and internal environment. These systems work in concert through various mechanisms of neuro-immune crosstalk to detect threats, provide defense against pathogens, and maintain or restore homeostasis, but can also contribute to the development of diseases. Among peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs), nociceptive PSNs are of particular interest. They possess a remarkable capability to detect noxious stimuli in the periphery and transmit this information to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain and the activation of adaptive responses. Pain is an early symptom of cancer, often leading to its diagnosis, but it is also a major source of distress for patients as the disease progresses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the mechanisms within tumors that are likely to induce cancer pain, exploring a range of factors from etiological elements to cellular and molecular mediators. In addition to transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system, PSNs are also capable, when activated, to produce and release neuropeptides (e.g., CGRP and SP) from their peripheral terminals. These neuropeptides have been shown to modulate immunity in cases of inflammation, infection, and cancer. PSNs, often found within solid tumors, are likely to play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, potentially influencing both tumor growth and anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the degree of sensory innervation in tumors. We also seek to understand whether and how PSNs may influence the tumor growth and associated anti-tumor immunity in different mouse models of cancer. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the tumor is able to influence the development and functions of the PSNs that innervate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Mardelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ninon Bretaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Daher
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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Romanov RA, Harkany T. Grabbing neuropeptide signals in the brain. Science 2023; 382:764-765. [PMID: 37972194 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered sensors resolve the dynamics of neuropeptide action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Garcia CP, Licht-Murava A, Orr AG. Effects of adenosine A 2A receptors on cognitive function in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:121-154. [PMID: 37741689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors have been studied extensively in the context of motor function and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In addition to these roles, A2A receptors have also been increasingly implicated in cognitive function and cognitive impairments in diverse conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, acute brain injury, and stress. We review the roles of A2A receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease, focusing primarily on the effects of reducing or enhancing A2A expression levels or activities in animal models. Studies reveal that A2A receptors in neurons and astrocytes modulate multiple aspects of cognitive function, including memory and motivation. Converging evidence also indicates that A2A receptor levels and activities are aberrantly increased in aging, acute brain injury, and chronic disorders, and these increases contribute to neurocognitive impairments. Therapeutically targeting A2A receptors with selective modulators may alleviate cognitive deficits in diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on the exact neural mechanisms of these effects as well as the efficacy of selective A2A modulators on cognitive alterations in humans are important areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia P Garcia
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avital Licht-Murava
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Kobetic MD, Burchell AE, Ratcliffe LEK, Neumann S, Adams ZH, Nolan R, Nightingale AK, Paton JFR, Hart EC. Sympathetic-transduction in untreated hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:24-31. [PMID: 34453103 PMCID: PMC8766277 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transduction of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) into vascular tone varies with age and sex. Older normotensive men have reduced sympathetic transduction so that a given level of MSNA causes less arteriole vasoconstriction. Whether sympathetic transduction is altered in hypertension (HTN) is not known. We investigated whether sympathetic transduction is impaired in untreated hypertensive men compared to normotensive controls. Eight untreated hypertensive men and 10 normotensive men (age 50 ± 15 years vs. 45 ± 12 years (mean ± SD); p = 0.19, body mass index (BMI) 24.7 ± 2.7 kg/m2 vs. 26.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2; p = 0.21) were recruited. MSNA was recorded from the peroneal nerve using microneurography; beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP; Finapres) and heart rate (ECG) were recorded simultaneously at rest for 10 min. Sympathetic-transduction was quantified using a previously described method. The relationship between MSNA burst area and subsequent diastolic BP was measured for each participant with the slope of the regression indicating sympathetic transduction. MSNA was higher in the hypertensive group compared to normotensives (73 ± 17 bursts/100 heartbeats vs. 49 ± 19 bursts/100 heart bursts; p = 0.007). Sympathetic-transduction was lower in the hypertensive versus normotensive group (0.04%/mmHg/s vs. 0.11%/mmHg/s, respectively; R = 0.622; p = 0.006). In summary, hypertensive men had lower sympathetic transduction compared to normotensive individuals suggesting that higher levels of MSNA are needed to cause the same level of vasoconstrictor tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kobetic
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy E. Burchell
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura E. K. Ratcliffe
- grid.415953.f0000 0004 0400 1537Department of Nephrology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sandra Neumann
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zoe H. Adams
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Regina Nolan
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angus K. Nightingale
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian F. R. Paton
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma C. Hart
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cardionomics Research Group, Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Naviaux JC, Nakayama T, Hirsch CM, Monk JM, Li K, Wang L, Le TP, Meinardi S, Blake DR, Naviaux RK. Metabolic and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia and the maternal immune activation mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248771. [PMID: 33735311 PMCID: PMC7971557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2012, studies in mice, rats, and humans have suggested that abnormalities in purinergic signaling may be a final common pathway for many genetic and environmental causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study in mice was conducted to characterize the bioenergetic, metabolomic, breathomic, and behavioral features of acute hyperpurinergia triggered by systemic injection of the purinergic agonist and danger signal, extracellular ATP (eATP). Responses were studied in C57BL/6J mice in the maternal immune activation (MIA) model and controls. Basal metabolic rates and locomotor activity were measured in CLAMS cages. Plasma metabolomics measured 401 metabolites. Breathomics measured 98 volatile organic compounds. Intraperitoneal eATP dropped basal metabolic rate measured by whole body oxygen consumption by 74% ± 6% (mean ± SEM) and rectal temperature by 6.2˚ ± 0.3˚C in 30 minutes. Over 200 metabolites from 37 different biochemical pathways where changed. Breathomics showed an increase in exhaled carbon monoxide, dimethylsulfide, and isoprene. Metabolomics revealed an acute increase in lactate, citrate, purines, urea, dopamine, eicosanoids, microbiome metabolites, oxidized glutathione, thiamine, niacinamide, and pyridoxic acid, and decreased folate-methylation-1-carbon intermediates, amino acids, short and medium chain acyl-carnitines, phospholipids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, cholesterol, bile acids, and vitamin D similar to some children with ASD. MIA animals were hypersensitive to postnatal exposure to eATP or poly(IC), which produced a rebound increase in body temperature that lasted several weeks before returning to baseline. Acute hyperpurinergia produced metabolic and behavioral changes in mice. The behaviors and metabolic changes produced by ATP injection were associated with mitochondrial functional changes that were profound but reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Charlotte M. Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Thuy P. Le
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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Longhi MS, Feng L, Robson SC. Targeting ectonucleotidases to treat inflammation and halt cancer development in the gut. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114417. [PMID: 33460629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD39 and CD73 control cell immunity by hydrolyzing proinflammatory ATP and ADP (CD39) into AMP, subsequently converted into anti-inflammatory adenosine (CD73). By regulating the balance between effector and regulatory cells, these ectonucleotidases promote immune homeostasis in acute and chronic inflammation; while also appearing to limit antitumor effector immunity in gut cancer. This manuscript focuses on the pivotal role of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidase function in shaping immune responses in the gut. We focus on those mechanisms deployed by these critical and pivotal ectoenzymes and the regulation in the setting of gastrointestinal tract infections, inflammatory bowel disease and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We will highlight translational and clinical implications of the latest and most innovative basic research discoveries of these important players of the purinergic signaling. Immunotherapeutic strategies that have been developed to either boost or control ectonucleotidase expression and activity in important disease settings are also reviewed and the in vivo effects discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Longhi
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA.
| | - Lili Feng
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, 02215 Boston, USA.
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Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by the storage symptoms of urgency with or without urgency incontinence. Although there is no clear cause of this idiopathic disease, overall prevalence of OAB symptoms in individuals aged 40 years old is more than 15%. Oxytocin, which is one of the most powerful contracting neuropeptide, was also shown to exhibit high intrinsic contractile activity on detrusor muscle. Oxytocin receptor antagonists that inhibit of bladder activity might offer new insights into the treatment of OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Canguven
- Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Urology, USA
| | - Raidh Talib
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Tocchetti GN, Domínguez CJ, Zecchinati F, Arana MR, Rigalli JP, Ruiz ML, Villanueva SSM, Mottino AD. Intraluminal nutrients acutely strengthen rat intestinal MRP2 barrier function by a glucagon-like peptide-2-mediated mechanism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13514. [PMID: 32476256 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM MRP2 is an intestinal ABC transporter that prevents the absorption of dietary xenobiotics. The aims of this work were: (1) to evaluate whether a short-term regulation of intestinal MRP2 barrier function takes place in vivo after luminal incorporation of nutrients and (2) to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS MRP2 activity and localization were assessed in an in vivo rat model with preserved irrigation and innervation. Nutrients were administered into distal jejunum. After 30-minutes treatments, MRP2 activity was assessed in proximal jejunum by quantifying the transport of the model substrate 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione. MRP2 localization was determined by quantitative confocal microscopy. Participation of extracellular mediators was evaluated using selective inhibitors and by immunoneutralization. Intracellular pathways were explored in differentiated Caco-2 cells. RESULTS Oleic acid, administered intraluminally at dietary levels, acutely stimulated MRP2 insertion into brush border membrane. This was associated with increased efflux activity and, consequently, enhanced barrier function. Immunoneutralization of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) prevented oleic acid effect on MRP2, demonstrating the participation of this trophic factor as a main mediator. Further experiments using selective inhibitors demonstrated that extracellular adenosine synthesis and its subsequent binding to enterocytic A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) take place downstream GLP-2. Finally, studies in intestinal Caco-2 cells revealed the participation of A2BAR/cAMP/PKA intracellular pathway, ultimately leading to increased MRP2 localization in apical domains. CONCLUSION These findings reveal an on-demand, acute regulation of MRP2-associated barrier function, constituting a novel physiological mechanism of protection against the absorption of dietary xenobiotics in response to food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo N. Tocchetti
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Camila J. Domínguez
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
| | - Felipe Zecchinati
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
| | - Maite R. Arana
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
| | - Juan P. Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - María L. Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
| | - Silvina S. M. Villanueva
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
| | - Aldo D. Mottino
- Institute of Experimental Physiology (IFISE) National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)National University of Rosario (UNR) Rosario Argentina
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Alterations in detrusor contractility in rat model of bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19651. [PMID: 33184390 PMCID: PMC7665011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary incontinence of idiopathic nature is a common complication of bladder cancer, yet, the mechanisms underlying changes in bladder contractility associated with cancer are not known. Here by using tensiometry on detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) strips from normal rats and rats with bladder cancer induced by known urothelial carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), we show that bladder cancer is associated with considerable changes in DSM contractility. These changes include: (1) decrease in the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions, consistent with the decline of luminal pressures during filling, and detrusor underactivity; (2) diminution of parasympathetic DSM stimulation mainly at the expense of m-cholinergic excitatory transmission, suggestive of difficulty in bladder emptying and weakening of urine stream; (3) strengthening of TRPV1-dependent afferent limb of micturition reflex and TRPV1-mediated local contractility, promoting urge incontinence; (4) attenuation of stretch-dependent, TRPV4-mediated spontaneous contractility leading to overflow incontinence. These changes are consistent with the symptomatic of bladder dysfunction in bladder cancer patients. Considering that BBN-induced urothelial lesions in rodents largely resemble human urothelial lesions at least in their morphology, our studies establish for the first time underlying reasons for bladder dysfunction in bladder cancer.
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Tian L, Tang G, Liu Q, Yin Y, Li Y, Zhong Y. Blockade of adenosine A1 receptor in nucleus tractus solitarius attenuates baroreflex sensitivity response to dexmedetomidine in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1743:146949. [PMID: 32522627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist dexmedetomidine increases baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In the current study, we examined the potential role of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) within the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS) in such a response. Briefly, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and randomly received microinjection of selective A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.1 pmol/1 μl) or saline vehicle into the right NTS. Ten min after the microinjection, dexmedetomidine infusion started at a rate of 30 μg/kg over 15 min followed by infusion at 15 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 105 min, or 100 μg/kg over 15 min followed by infusion at 50 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 105 min. BRS was examined using a standard phenylephrine method prior to infusion (T0), 60 min (T1) and 120 min (T2) after dexmedetomidine infusion started. Adenosine concentration in plasma and brainstem was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography with vs. without α2-AR antagonist atipamezole pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Dexmedetomidine increased BRS at both 30 (T0: 0.55 ± 0.25 vs. T1: 2.45 ± 0.37, T2: 2.26 ± 0.56 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05) and 100 μg/kg (T0: 0.63 ± 0.24 vs. T1: 6.21 ± 1.87, T2: 6.30 ± 2.12 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05). DPCPX pretreatment obliterated BRS response to 100-μg/kg dexmedetomidine. At 100 μg/kg, dexmedetomidine increased adenosine concentration in plasma (0.23 ± 0.11 to 0.45 ± 0.07 μg/ml, P < 0.05) and brainstem (1.46 ± 0.30 to 2.52 ± 0.22 μg/ml, P < 0.05); such effect was blocked by atipamezole pretreatment. Western blot analysis showed α2-AR up-regulation by 100-μg/kg dexmedetomidine, which can be prevented by DPCPX. Double-labeling with glial fibrillary acidic protein showed α2-AR up-regulation in astrocytes in the NTS. These results suggest that dexmedetomidine enhances baroreflex sensitivity, possibly by increasing adenosine in NTS and α2-AR expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiang Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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12
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Montilla A, Mata GP, Matute C, Domercq M. Contribution of P2X4 Receptors to CNS Function and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5562. [PMID: 32756482 PMCID: PMC7432758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The release and extracellular action of ATP are a widespread mechanism for cell-to-cell communication in living organisms through activation of P2X and P2Y receptors expressed at the cell surface of most tissues, including the nervous system. Among ionototropic receptors, P2X4 receptors have emerged in the last decade as a potential target for CNS disorders such as epilepsy, ischemia, chronic pain, anxiety, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of P2X4 receptor in each pathology ranges from beneficial to detrimental, although the mechanisms are still mostly unknown. P2X4 is expressed at low levels in CNS cells including neurons and glial cells. In normal conditions, P2X4 activation contributes to synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, one of the genes present in the transcriptional program of myeloid cell activation is P2X4. Microglial P2X4 upregulation, the P2X4+ state of microglia, seems to be common in most acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the role of P2X4 receptors in the CNS physiology and discuss potential pitfalls and open questions about the therapeutic potential of blocking or potentiation of P2X4 for different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montilla
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gilda Paloma Mata
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Domercq
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Abstract
Purinergic signaling was proposed in 1972, after it was demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was a transmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli. Later, ATP was identified as an excitatory cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and it is now apparent that ATP acts as a cotransmitter in most, if not all, nerves in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS). ATP acts as a short-term signaling molecule in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neurosecretion. It also has potent, long-term (trophic) roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in development and regeneration. Receptors to purines and pyrimidines have been cloned and characterized: P1 adenosine receptors (with four subtypes), P2X ionotropic nucleotide receptors (seven subtypes) and P2Y metabotropic nucleotide receptors (eight subtypes). ATP is released from different cell types by mechanical deformation, and after release, it is rapidly broken down by ectonucleotidases. Purinergic receptors were expressed early in evolution and are widely distributed on many different nonneuronal cell types as well as neurons. Purinergic signaling is involved in embryonic development and in the activities of stem cells. There is a growing understanding about the pathophysiology of purinergic signaling and there are therapeutic developments for a variety of diseases, including stroke and thrombosis, osteoporosis, pain, chronic cough, kidney failure, bladder incontinence, cystic fibrosis, dry eye, cancer, and disorders of the CNS, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. and Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, and neuropsychiatric and mood disorders.
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Burnstock G. Introduction to Purinergic Signalling in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:1-12. [PMID: 32034706 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP is a cotransmitter with glutamate, noradrenaline, GABA, acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain. There is a widespread presence of both adenosine (P1) and P2 nucleotide receptors in the brain on both neurons and glial cells. Adenosine receptors play a major role in presynaptic neuromodulation, while P2X ionotropic receptors are involved in fast synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. P2Y G protein-coupled receptors are largely involved in presynaptic activities, as well as mediating long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death during development and regeneration. Both P1 and P2 receptors participate in neuron-glial interactions. Purinergic signalling is involved in control of cerebral vascular tone and remodelling and has been implicated in learning and memory, locomotor and feeding behaviour and sleep. There is increasing interest in the involvement of purinergic signalling in the pathophysiology of the CNS, including trauma, ischaemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric and mood disorders, and cancer, including gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK.
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15
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Andrejew R, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro D, Godoy M, Granato A, Ulrich H. Targeting Purinergic Signaling and Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:275-353. [PMID: 31898792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines exert several functions in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. ATP acts through P2 receptors as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and modulates heart contractility, while adenosine participates in neurotransmission, blood pressure, and many other mechanisms. Because of their capability to differentiate into mature cell types, they provide a unique therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged tissue, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Purinergic signaling is pivotal for controlling stem cell differentiation and phenotype determination. Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells of various origins are regulated by purinergic receptors. In this chapter, we selected neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases with clinical trials using cell therapy and purinergic receptor targeting. We discuss these approaches as therapeutic alternatives to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. For instance, promising results were demonstrated in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vascular regeneration. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in general, P2X7 and A2A receptors mostly worsen the degenerative state. Stem cell-based therapy, mainly through mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, showed promising results in improving symptoms caused by neurodegeneration. We propose that purinergic receptor activity regulation combined with stem cells could enhance proliferative and differentiation rates as well as cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Ribeiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Godoy
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Granato
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Ditopic binuclear copper(II) complexes for DNA cleavage. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110995. [PMID: 31955057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis of two ligands containing two di(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) units linked by either a 1,1'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-ethylurea) (L1) or a 1,1'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-ethylurea) (L2) spacer. The corresponding binuclear CuII and ZnII complexes were prepared and isolated. The X-ray structures of the L1 ligand and the [Cu2L1Cl2]2+ complex evidence an unusual cis/trans conformation of one of the urea groups stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl spacer. The CuII complexes form rather strong ternary complexes with phosphorylated anions. The [Cu2L1]4+ complex presents a rather high affinity for pyrophosphate (logK11 = 8.19 at pH 7, 25 °C), while [Cu2L2]4+ stands out because of its strong binding to AMP2- (logK11 = 9.3 at pH 7, 25 °C). The interaction of the CuII complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid from calf thymus (ct-DNA) was monitored using circular dichroism (CD) and luminescence spectroscopies. These studies revealed a quite strong interaction of the complexes with ct-DNA (Kb = (6.4 ± 0.7) × 103 for [Cu2L1]4+ and Kb = (6.3 ± 1.0) × 103 for [Cu2L2]4+). Competition experiments carried out in the presence of methyl green and BAPPA (N1,N3-Bis(4-amidinophenyl)propane-1,3-diamine) as major and minor groove competitors, respectively, confirm that the interaction of both complexes with DNA takes place through the minor groove, in agreement with docking studies. The [Cu2L2]4+ complex is quite efficient in promoting the cleavage of the double-stranded pUC19 plasmid DNA, by favoring the conversion of the supercoiled form to the nicked form following a hydrolytic mechanism.
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17
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Tóth A, Antal Z, Bereczki D, Sperlágh B. Purinergic Signalling in Parkinson's Disease: A Multi-target System to Combat Neurodegeneration. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2413-2422. [PMID: 31054067 PMCID: PMC6776560 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons that results in characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms. L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the gold standard therapy for the treatment of PD. However, long-term use of L-DOPA leads to side effects such as dyskinesias and motor fluctuation. Since purines have neurotransmitter and co-transmitter properties, the function of the purinergic system has been thoroughly studied in the nervous system. Adenosine and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) are modulators of dopaminergic neurotransmission, neuroinflammatory processes, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and cell death via purinergic receptor subtypes. Aberrant purinergic receptor signalling can be either the cause or the result of numerous pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Many data confirm the involvement of purinergic signalling pathways in PD. Modulation of purinergic receptor subtypes, the activity of ectonucleotidases and ATP transporters could be beneficial in the treatment of PD. We give a brief summary of the background of purinergic signalling focusing on its roles in PD. Possible targets for pharmacological treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Tóth
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Balassa u. 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u. 43., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Antal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u. 43., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Dániel Bereczki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Balassa u. 6., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u. 43., Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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18
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Paalme V, Rump A, Mädo K, Teras M, Truumees B, Aitai H, Ratas K, Bourge M, Chiang CS, Ghalali A, Tordjmann T, Teras J, Boudinot P, Kanellopoulos JM, Rüütel Boudinot S. Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophils Express High Levels of the Purinergic Receptor P2X4. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2074. [PMID: 31552031 PMCID: PMC6746186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are important mediators of cell activation and trigger multiple responses via membrane receptors known as purinergic receptors (P2). P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, activated by extracellular ATP. P2X4 is one of the most sensitive purinergic receptors, that is typically expressed by neurons, microglia, and some epithelial and endothelial cells. P2X4 mediates neuropathic pain via brain-derived neurotrophic factor and is also involved in inflammation in response to high ATP release. It is therefore involved in multiple inflammatory pathologies as well as neurodegenerative diseases. We have produced monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against this important human P2X4 receptor. Focusing on two mAbs, we showed that they also recognize mouse and rat P2X4. We demonstrated that these mAbs can be used in flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry, but not in Western blot assays, indicating that they target conformational epitopes. We also characterized the expression of P2X4 receptor on mouse and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). We showed that P2X4 is expressed at the surface of several leukocyte cell types, with the highest expression level on eosinophils, making them potentially sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). P2X4 is expressed by leucocytes, in human and mouse, with a significant gender difference, males having higher surface expression levels than females. Our findings reveal that PBL express significant levels of P2X4 receptor, and suggest an important role of this receptor in leukocyte activation by ATP, particularly in P2X4high expressing eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viiu Paalme
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Airi Rump
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kati Mädo
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marina Teras
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Helen Aitai
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Ratas
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mickael Bourge
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jüri Teras
- North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean M Kanellopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Structural Biology, I2BC-CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Sirje Rüütel Boudinot
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Vladimirova IA, Philyppov IB, Sotkis GV, Kulieva EM, Shuba YY, Gulak KL, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N, Shuba YM. Impairment of cholinergic bladder contractility in rat model of type I diabetes complicated by cystitis: Contribution of neurotransmitter-degrading ectoenzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172529. [PMID: 31299187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasympathetic regulation of urinary bladder contractions primarily involves acetylcholine release and activation of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptors. Co-release of ATP and activation of DSM purinergic P2X1-receptors may participate as well in some species. Both types of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) are impaired in diabetes, however, which factors may contribute to such impairment remains poorly understood. Here by using rats with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type I diabetes (8th week after induction) we show that contribution of atropine-sensitive m-cholinergic component to the contractions of urothelium-denuded DSM strips evoked by electric field stimulation (EFS) greatly increased when diabetic bladders presented overt signs of accompanying cystitis. Modeling of hemorrhagic cystitis alone in control rats by cyclophosphamide injection only modestly increased m-cholinergic component of EFS-contractions. However, exposure of DSM strips from control animals to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, neostigmine (1-10 μM) largely reproduced alterations in EFS contractions observed in diabetic DSM complicated by cystitis. Ellman's assay revealed statistically significant 31% decrease of AChE activities in diabetic vs. control DSM. Changes in purinergic contractility of diabetic DSM were consistent with altered P2X1-receptor desensitization and re-sensitization. They could be mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of ATP-degrading ecto-ATPases with ARL 67156 (50 μM), pointing to compromised extracellular ATP clearance as underlying reason. We conclude that decreased AChE activities associated with diabetes and likely cystitis provide complementary factor to the described in literature altered expression of mACh receptor subtypes linked to diabetes as well as to cystitis to produce dramatic modification of cholinergic NMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Vladimirova
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor B Philyppov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ganna V Sotkis
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eugenia M Kulieva
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yelyzaveta Y Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kseniya L Gulak
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Skryma
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm U1003, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm U1003, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yaroslav M Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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20
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Magni G, Boccazzi M, Bodini A, Abbracchio MP, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Ceruti S. Basal astrocyte and microglia activation in the central nervous system of Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type I mice. Cephalalgia 2019; 39:1809-1817. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102419861710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Gain-of-function missense mutations in the α1A subunit of neuronal CaV2.1 channels, which define Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 1 (FHM1), result in enhanced cortical glutamatergic transmission and a higher susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization. It is now well established that neurons signal to surrounding glial cells, namely astrocytes and microglia, in the central nervous system, which in turn become activated and in pathological conditions can sustain neuroinflammation. We and others previously demonstrated an increased activation of pro-algogenic pathways, paralleled by augmented macrophage infiltration, in both isolated trigeminal ganglia and mixed trigeminal ganglion neuron-satellite glial cell cultures of FHM1 mutant mice. Hence, we hypothesize that astrocyte and microglia activation may occur in parallel in the central nervous system. Methods We have evaluated signs of reactive glia in brains from naïve FHM1 mutant mice in comparison with wild type animals by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Here we show for the first time signs of reactive astrogliosis and microglia activation in the naïve FHM1 mutant mouse brain. Conclusions Our data reinforce the involvement of glial cells in migraine, and suggest that modulating such activation may represent an innovative approach to reduce pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Boccazzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Bodini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies “Enrico Magenes”, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Guilherme A, Henriques F, Bedard AH, Czech MP. Molecular pathways linking adipose innervation to insulin action in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:207-225. [PMID: 30733616 PMCID: PMC7073451 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Such adipocyte signalling to the central nervous system causes sympathetic output to distant adipose depots and potentially other metabolic tissues to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. Paracrine factors identified in the past few years that mediate such adipocyte-neuron crosstalk are also reviewed. Similarly, immune cells and endothelial cells within adipose tissue communicate with local nerve fibres to modulate neurotransmitter tone, blood flow, adipocyte differentiation and energy expenditure, including adipose browning to produce heat. This understudied field of neurometabolism related to adipose tissue biology has great potential to reveal new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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22
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Manchanda R, Appukuttan S, Padmakumar M. Electrophysiology of Syncytial Smooth Muscle. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069518821917. [PMID: 30733629 PMCID: PMC6343439 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518821917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As in other excitable tissues, two classes of electrical signals are of fundamental importance to the functioning of smooth muscles: junction potentials, which arise from neurotransmission and represent the initiation of excitation (or in some instances inhibition) of the tissue, and spikes or action potentials, which represent the accomplishment of excitation and lead on to contractile activity. Unlike the case in skeletal muscle and in neurons, junction potentials and spikes in smooth muscle have been poorly understood in relation to the electrical properties of the tissue and in terms of their spatiotemporal spread within it. This owes principally to the experimental difficulties involved in making precise electrical recordings from smooth muscles and also to two inherent features of this class of muscle, ie, the syncytial organization of its cells and the distributed innervation they receive, which renders their biophysical analysis problematic. In this review, we outline the development of hypotheses and knowledge on junction potentials and spikes in syncytial smooth muscle, showing how our concepts have frequently undergone radical changes and how recent developments hold promise in unraveling some of the many puzzles that remain. We focus especially on computational models and signal analysis approaches. We take as illustrative examples the smooth muscles of two organs with distinct functional characteristics, the vas deferens and urinary bladder, while also touching on features of electrical functioning in the smooth muscles of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Manchanda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailesh Appukuttan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Mithun Padmakumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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23
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Diaz-Perez JA, Killeen ME, Yang Y, Carey CD, Falo LD, Mathers AR. Extracellular ATP and IL-23 Form a Local Inflammatory Circuit Leading to the Development of a Neutrophil-Dependent Psoriasiform Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2595-2605. [PMID: 29870687 PMCID: PMC6251745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease dependent on the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a potent inflammatory pathway involved in pathogen clearance and autoimmunity. Several triggers have been proposed as initiators for psoriasis, including alarmins such as adenosine triphosphate. However, the role of alarmins in psoriasis pathogenesis and cutaneous inflammation has not been well addressed. Studies show that signaling through the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) pathway underlies the development of psoriasiform inflammation. In this regard, psoriasiform dermatitis induced by IL-23 is dependent on P2X7R signaling. Furthermore, direct activation of the P2X7R is sufficient to induce a well-characterized psoriasiform dermatitis. Mechanistic studies determined that P2X7R-induced inflammation is largely dependent on the IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and neutrophils. In conclusion, this work provides basic mechanistic insight into local inflammatory circuits induced after purinergic P2X7R signaling that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Meaghan E Killeen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Cara D Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Alicia R Mathers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Cobine CA, McKechnie M, Brookfield RJ, Hannigan KI, Keef KD. Comparison of inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the Cynomolgus monkey IAS and rectum: special emphasis on differences in purinergic transmission. J Physiol 2018; 596:5319-5341. [PMID: 30198065 DOI: 10.1113/jp275437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Inhibitory neuromuscular transmission (NMT) was compared in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) and rectum of the Cynomolgus monkey, an animal with high gene sequence identity to humans. Nitrergic NMT was present in both muscles while purinergic NMT was limited to the rectum and VIPergic NMT to the IAS. The profile for monkey IAS more closely resembles humans than rodents. In both muscles, SK3 channels were localized to PDGFRα+ cells that were closely associated with nNOS+ /VIP+ nerves. Gene expression levels of P2RY subtypes were the same in IAS and rectum while KCNN expression levels were very similar. SK3 channel activation and inhibition caused faster/greater changes in contractile activity in rectum than IAS. P2Y1 receptor activation inhibited contraction in rectum while increasing contraction in IAS. The absence of purinergic NMT in the IAS may be due to poor coupling between P2Y1 receptors and SK3 channels on PDGFRα+ cells. ABSTRACT Inhibitory neuromuscular transmission (NMT) was compared in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) and rectum of the Cynomolgus monkey, an animal with a high gene sequence identity to humans. Electrical field stimulation produced nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent contractile inhibition in both muscles whereas P2Y1-dependent purinergic NMT was restricted to rectum. An additional NOS-independent, α-chymotrypsin-sensitive component was identified in the IAS consistent with vasoactive intestinal peptide-ergic (VIPergic) NMT. Microelectrode recordings revealed slow NOS-dependent inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in both muscles and fast P2Y1-dependent IJPs in rectum. The basis for the difference in purinergic NMT was investigated. PDGFRα+ /SK3+ cells were closely aligned with nNOS+ /VIP+ neurons in both muscles. Gene expression of P2RY was the same in IAS and rectum (P2RY1>>P2RY2-14) while KCNN3 expression was 32% greater in rectum. The SK channel inhibitor apamin doubled contractile activity in rectum while having minimal effect in the IAS. Contractile inhibition elicited with the SK channel agonist CyPPA was five times faster in rectum than in the IAS. The P2Y1 receptor agonist MRS2365 inhibited contraction in rectum but increased contraction in the IAS. In conclusion, both the IAS and the rectum have nitrergic NMT whereas purinergic NMT is limited to rectum and VIPergic NMT to the IAS. The profile in monkey IAS more closely resembles that of humans than rodents. The lack of purinergic NMT in the IAS cannot be attributed to the absence of PDGFRα+ cells, P2Y1 receptors or SK3 channels. Rather, it appears to be due to poor coupling between P2Y1 receptors and SK3 channels on PDGFRα+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Cobine
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - M McKechnie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - R J Brookfield
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - K I Hannigan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - K D Keef
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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Guan L, Qiao H, Wang N, Luo X, Yan J. The purinergic mechanism of the central nucleus of amygdala is involved in the modulation of salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:132-137. [PMID: 30170187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a critical region in regulating sodium intake, and interestingly, purinergic receptors reportedly related to fluid balance, are also expressed in CeA. In this study, we investigated whether the purinergic mechanisms of CeA were involved in regulating sodium intake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had cannulas implanted bilaterally into the CeA and were sodium depleted with furosemide (FURO 20 mg/kg) plus 24 h-sodium deficient food fed. Bilateral injections of the P2X purinergic agonist, α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (α,β-methylene ATP 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 nmol, respectively) into the CeA region induced dose-related reductions in sodium intake without affecting water intake. Injection of P2X purinergic antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS 4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region did not alter sodium and water intake, however, prior injection of PPADS into the CeA area abolished the inhibitory effects on sodium intake by α,β-methylene ATP. Interestingly, prior injection of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region partially reversed the deficit of sodium intake induced by α,β-methylene ATP. These results suggest that purinergic receptors in the CeA are involved in the control of sodium intake in the sodium-depleted rats and this negative modulation may be, at least partly, mediated by the GABAA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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P2X7 ionotropic receptor is functionally expressed in rabbit articular chondrocytes and mediates extracellular ATP cytotoxicity. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:245-258. [PMID: 29845461 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP regulates various cellular functions by engaging multiple subtypes of P2 purinergic receptors. In many cell types, the ionotropic P2X7 receptor mediates pathological events such as inflammation and cell death. However, the importance of this receptor in chondrocytes remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the functional identification of P2X7 receptor in articular chondrocytes and investigate the involvement of P2X7 receptors in ATP-induced cytotoxicity. Chondrocytes were isolated from rabbit articular cartilage, and P2X7 receptor currents were examined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. ATP-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring caspase-3/7 activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and prostagrandin E2 (PGE2) release using microscopic and fluorimetric/colorimetric evaluation. Extracellular ATP readily evoked a cationic current without obvious desensitization. This ATP-activated current was dose related, but required millimolar concentrations. A more potent P2X7 receptor agonist, BzATP, also activated this current but at 100-fold lower concentrations. ATP-induced currents were largely abolished by selective P2X7 antagonists, suggesting a predominant role for the P2X7 receptor. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of P2X7 in chondrocytes. Heterologous expression of a rabbit P2X7 clone successfully reproduced the ATP-induced current. Exposure of chondrocytes to ATP increased caspase-3/7 activities, an effect that was totally abrogated by P2X7 receptor antagonists. Extracellular ATP also enhanced LDH release, which was partially attenuated by the P2X7 inhibitor. The P2X7 receptor-mediated elevation in apoptotic caspase signaling was accompanied by increased PGE2 release and was attenuated by inhibition of either phospholipase A2 or cyclooxygenase-2. This study provides direct evidence for the presence of functional P2X7 receptors in articular chondrocytes. Our results suggest that the P2X7 receptor is a potential therapeutic target in chondrocyte death associated with cartilage injury and disorders including osteoarthritis.
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Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Naaldijk Y, Sardá-Arroyo L, Gonçalves MCB, Corrêa-Velloso J, Pillat MM, de Souza HDN, Ulrich H. Purinergic Receptors in Neurological Diseases With Motor Symptoms: Targets for Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:325. [PMID: 29692728 PMCID: PMC5902708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since proving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) functions as a neurotransmitter in neuron/glia interactions, the purinergic system has been more intensely studied within the scope of the central nervous system. In neurological disorders with associated motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), motor neuron diseases (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's Disease (HD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and ataxias, alterations in purinergic receptor expression and activity have been noted, indicating a potential role for this system in disease etiology and progression. In neurodegenerative conditions, neural cell death provokes extensive ATP release and alters calcium signaling through purinergic receptor modulation. Consequently, neuroinflammatory responses, excitotoxicity and apoptosis are directly or indirectly induced. This review analyzes currently available data, which suggests involvement of the purinergic system in neuro-associated motor dysfunctions and underlying mechanisms. Possible targets for pharmacological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sardá-Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. B. Gonçalves
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micheli M. Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Héllio D. N. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carreira-Barral I, Fernández-Pérez I, Mato-Iglesias M, de Blas A, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban-Gómez D. Recognition of AMP, ADP and ATP through Cooperative Binding by Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Containing Urea and/or Phenylboronic-Acid Moieties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020479. [PMID: 29470445 PMCID: PMC6017333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with different ligands containing a dipicolyl unit functionalized with urea groups that may contain or not a phenylboronic acid function. These complexes were designed for the recognition of phosphorylated anions through coordination to the metal ion reinforced by hydrogen bonds involving the anion and NH groups of urea. The complexes were isolated and several adducts with pyrophosphate were characterized using X-ray diffraction measurements. Coordination of one of the urea nitrogen atoms to the metal ion promoted the hydrolysis of the ligands containing 1,3-diphenylurea units, while ligands bearing 1-ethyl-3-phenylurea groups did not hydrolyze significantly at room temperature. Spectrophotometric titrations, combined with 1H and 31P NMR studies, were used in investigating the binding of phosphate, pyrophosphate (PPi), and nucleoside 5′-polyphosphates (AMP, ADP, ATP, CMP, and UMP). The association constants determined in aqueous solution (pH 7.0, 0.1 M MOPS) point to a stronger association with PPi, ADP, and ATP as compared with the anions containing a single phosphate unit. The [CuL4]2+ complex shows important selectivity for pyrophosphate (PPi) over ADP and ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Carreira-Barral
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Marta Mato-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Andrés de Blas
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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Jin H, Han J, Resing D, Liu H, Yue X, Miller RL, Schoch KM, Miller TM, Perlmutter JS, Egan TM, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of a P2X7 radioligand [ 123I]TZ6019 and its response to neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:8-17. [PMID: 29225193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7 receptor) is a promising imaging target to detect neuroinflammation. Herein, we report development of a potent iodinated radiotracer for P2X7 receptor, [123I]TZ6019. The radiosynthesis of [123I]TZ6019 was accomplished by allylic-tin precursor iodination using [123I]NaI with good radiochemical yield of 85% and high radiochemical purity of > 99%. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cell line stably transfected with the human P2X7 receptor was used to characterize the binding affinity of TZ6019 by fluorescence, radioactive competitive, and saturation binding assays. A radioligand competitive binding assay with [123I]TZ6019 demonstrated that the nonradioactive compound TZ6019 has an IC50 value of 9.49 ± 1.4nM, and the known P2X7 receptor compound GSK1482160 has an IC50 value of 4.30 ± 0.86nM, consistent with previous reports. The radioligand saturation binding assay and competitive assay revealed that [123I]TZ6019 specifically bound to the human P2X7 receptor with high affinity (Ki = 6.3 ± 0.9nM). In vitro autoradiography quantification with brain slices collected from 9-month old P301S tau transgenic mice along with wild type controls, revealed higher binding of [123I]TZ6019 (35% increase) in the brain of P301S transgenic mice (n = 3, p = 0.04) compared to wild type controls. The immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that expression of P2X7 receptor was colocalized with astrocytes in the tauopathy P301S transgenic mice. [123I]TZ6019 has specific binding for P2X7 receptor and has great potential to be a radiotracer for screening new compounds and quantifying expression of P2X7 receptor in neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Derek Resing
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen M Schoch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terrance M Egan
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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30
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Suurväli J, Boudinot P, Kanellopoulos J, Rüütel Boudinot S. P2X4: A fast and sensitive purinergic receptor. Biomed J 2017; 40:245-256. [PMID: 29179879 PMCID: PMC6138603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides have been recognized as important mediators of activation, triggering multiple responses via plasma membrane receptors known as P2 receptors. P2 receptors comprise P2X ionotropic receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. P2X receptors are expressed in many tissues, where they are involved in a number of functions including synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, inflammation, macrophage activation, differentiation and proliferation, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. P2X4 is one of the most sensitive purinergic receptors (at nanomolar ATP concentrations), about one thousand times more than the archetypal P2X7. P2X4 is widely expressed in central and peripheral neurons, in microglia, and also found in various epithelial tissues and endothelial cells. It localizes on the plasma membrane, but also in intracellular compartments. P2X4 is preferentially localized in lysosomes, where it is protected from proteolysis by its glycosylation. High ATP concentration in the lysosomes does not activate P2X4 at low pH; P2X4 gets activated by intra-lysosomal ATP only in its fully dissociated tetra-anionic form, when the pH increases to 7.4. Thus, P2X4 is functioning as a Ca2+-channel after the fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes. P2X4 modulates major neurotransmitter systems and regulates alcohol-induced responses in microglia. P2X4 is one of the key receptors mediating neuropathic pain. However, injury-induced upregulation of P2X4 expression is gender dependent and plays a key role in pain difference between males and females. P2X4 is also involved in inflammation. Extracellular ATP being a pro-inflammatory molecule, P2X4 can trigger inflammation in response to high ATP release. It is therefore involved in multiple pathologies, like post-ischemic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, airways inflammation in asthma, neurodegenerative diseases and even metabolic syndrome. Although P2X4 remains poorly characterized, more studies are needed as it is likely to be a potential therapeutic target in these multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanus Suurväli
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean Kanellopoulos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sirje Rüütel Boudinot
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Canzian J, Fontana BD, Quadros VA, Rosemberg DB. Conspecific alarm substance differently alters group behavior of zebrafish populations: Putative involvement of cholinergic and purinergic signaling in anxiety- and fear-like responses. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:255-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Smith SB, Xu Z, Novitskaya T, Zhang B, Chepurko E, Pu XA, Wheeler DG, Ziolo M, Gumina RJ. Impact of cardiac-specific expression of CD39 on myocardial infarct size in mice. Life Sci 2016; 179:54-59. [PMID: 27756600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prior work suggests that ischemic preconditioning increases the level of CD39 in the heart and contributes to cardiac protection. Therefore, we examined if targeted cardiac expression of CD39 protects against myocardial injury. MAIN METHODS Mice with cardiac-specific expression of human CD39 (αMHC/hCD39-Tg) were generated, characterized and subjected to left coronary artery ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarct size at 24h following injury quantified. KEY FINDINGS αMHC/hCD39-Tg mice have increased in cardiac ATPase and ADPase activity compared to WT littermates. The increased activity in αMHC/hCD39-mice was inhibited by the CD39 antagonist sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1). Measurement of basal cardiac function by echocardiography revealed that αMHC/hCD39-Tg mice have a lower resting heart rate and increased stroke volume. In response to myocardial ischemia, systolic and diastolic function was better preserved in αMHC/hCD39-Tg compared to WT mice. Comparison of Tau also revealed preserved cardiac relaxation during ischemia in αMHC/hCD39-Tg hearts. Assessment of myocardial infarct size in response to 60min of ischemia and 24h of reperfusion demonstrated a significant reduction in infarct size in αMHC/hCD39-Tg hearts. Analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes revealed no basal difference in calcium transients between WT and αMHC/hCD39-Tg cardiomyocytes. However, in response to isoproterenol stimulation, there was a trend toward lower calcium transients in αMHC/hCD39 cardiomyocytes suggesting less calcium accumulation in response to metabolic stress. SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac-specific expression of CD39 reduces myocardial dysfunction and infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increasing nucleotidase expression in the heart may be a novel approach to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xin-An Pu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Debra G Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Ziolo
- Department of Physiology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Rodriguez-Tapia E, Perez-Medina A, Bian X, Galligan JJ. Upregulation of L-type calcium channels in colonic inhibitory motoneurons of P/Q-type calcium channel-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G763-G774. [PMID: 27586650 PMCID: PMC5142195 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enteric inhibitory motoneurons use nitric oxide and a purine neurotransmitter to relax gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Enteric P/Q-type Ca2+ channels contribute to excitatory neuromuscular transmission; their contribution to inhibitory transmission is less clear. We used the colon from tottering mice (tg/tg, loss of function mutation in the α1A pore-forming subunit of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels) to test the hypothesis that P/Q-type Ca2+ channels contribute to inhibitory neuromuscular transmission and colonic propulsive motility. Fecal pellet output in vivo and the colonic migrating motor complex (ex vivo) were measured. Neurogenic circular muscle relaxations and inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) were also measured ex vivo. Colonic propulsive motility in vivo and ex vivo was impaired in tg/tg mice. IJPs were either unchanged or somewhat larger in tissues from tg/tg compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist) inhibited IJPs by 35 and 14% in tissues from tg/tg and WT mice, respectively. The contribution of N- and R-type channels to neuromuscular transmission was larger in tissues from tg/tg compared with WT mice. The resting membrane potential of circular muscle cells was similar in tissues from tg/tg and WT mice. Neurogenic relaxations of circular muscle from tg/tg and WT mice were similar. These results demonstrate that a functional deficit in P/Q-type channels does not alter propulsive colonic motility. Myenteric neuron L-type Ca2+ channel function increases to compensate for loss of functional P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This compensation maintains inhibitory neuromuscular transmission and normal colonic motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Perez-Medina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Xiaochun Bian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James J Galligan
- The Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Briant LJB, Burchell AE, Ratcliffe LEK, Charkoudian N, Nightingale AK, Paton JFR, Joyner MJ, Hart EC. Quantifying sympathetic neuro-haemodynamic transduction at rest in humans: insights into sex, ageing and blood pressure control. J Physiol 2016; 594:4753-68. [PMID: 27068560 DOI: 10.1113/jp272167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We have developed a simple analytical method for quantifying the transduction of sympathetic activity into vascular tone. This method demonstrates that as women age, the transfer of sympathetic nerve activity into vascular tone is increased, so that for a given level of sympathetic activity there is more vasoconstriction. In men, this measure decreases with age. Test-re-test analysis demonstrated that the new method is a reliable estimate of sympathetic transduction. We conclude that increased sympathetic vascular coupling contributes to the age-related increase in blood pressure that occurs in women only. This measure is a reliable estimate of sympathetic transduction in populations with high sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, it will provide information regarding whether treatment targeting the sympathetic nervous system, which interrupts the transfer of sympathetic nerve activity into vascular tone, will be effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This may provide insight into which populations will respond to certain types of anti-hypertensive medication. ABSTRACT Sex and age differences in the sympathetic control of resting blood pressure (BP) may be due to differences in the transduction of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) into vascular tone. Current methods for dynamically quantifying transduction focus on the relationship between SNA and vasoconstriction during a pressor stimulus, which increases BP and may be contra-indicated in patients. We describe a simple analytical method for quantifying transduction under resting conditions. We performed linear regression analysis of binned muscle SNA burst areas against diastolic BP (DBP). We assessed whether the slope of this relationship reflects the transduction of SNA into DBP. To evaluate this, we investigated whether this measure captures differences in transduction in different populations. Specifically, we (1) quantified transduction in young men (YM), young women (YW), older men (OM) and postmenopausal women (PMW); and (2) measured changes in transduction during β-blockade using propranolol in YW, YM and PMW. YM had a greater transduction vs. OM (0.10 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23 vs. 0.06 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 18; P = 0.003). Transduction was lowest in YW (0.02 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23) and increased during β-blockade (0.11 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) ; P < 0.001). Transduction in PMW (0.07 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23) was greater compared to YW (P = 0.001), and was not altered during β-blockade (0.06 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) ; P = 0.98). Importantly, transduction increased in women with age, but decreased in men. Transduction in women intersected that in men at 55 ± 1.5 years. This measure of transduction captures age- and sex-differences in the sympathetic regulation of DBP and may be valuable in quantifying transduction in disease. In particular, this measure may help target treatment strategies in specific hypertensive subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J B Briant
- CardioNomics, CRIC Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A E Burchell
- CardioNomics, CRIC Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L E K Ratcliffe
- CardioNomics, CRIC Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Charkoudian
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - A K Nightingale
- Bristol Heart Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J F R Paton
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - E C Hart
- CardioNomics, CRIC Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Townsend AD, Wilken GH, Mitchell KK, Martin RS, Macarthur H. Simultaneous analysis of vascular norepinephrine and ATP release using an integrated microfluidic system. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 266:68-77. [PMID: 27015793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic nerves are known to release three neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, ATP, and neuropeptide Y that play a role in controlling vascular tone. This paper focuses on the co-release of norepinephrine and ATP from the mesenteric arterial sympathetic nerves of the rat. NEW METHOD In this paper, a quantification technique is described that allows simultaneous detection of norepinephrine and ATP in a near-real-time fashion from the isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rat. Simultaneous detection is enabled with 3-D printing technology, which is shown to help integrate the perfusate with different detection methods (norepinephrine by microchip-based amperometery and ATP by on-line chemiluminescence). RESULTS Stimulated levels relative to basal levels of norepinephrine and ATP were found to be 363nM and 125nM, respectively (n=6). The limit of detection for norepinephrine is 80nM using microchip-based amperometric detection. The LOD for on-line ATP detection using chemiluminescence is 35nM. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD In previous studies, the co-transmitters have been separated and detected with HPLC techniques. With HPLC, the samples from biological preparations have to be derivatized for ATP detection and require collection time before analysis. Thus real-time measurements are not made and the delay in analysis by HPLC can cause degradation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the method described in the paper can be used to successfully detect norepinephrine and ATP simultaneously and in a near-real-time fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Gerald H Wilken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Kyle K Mitchell
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - R Scott Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
| | - Heather Macarthur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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Myorelaxant action of fluorine-containing pinacidil analog, flocalin, in bladder smooth muscle is mediated by inhibition of L-type calcium channels rather than activation of KATP channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:585-92. [PMID: 26976335 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Flocalin (FLO) is a new ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel opener (KCO) derived from pinacidil (PIN) by adding fluorine group to the drug's structure. FLO acts as a potent cardioprotector against ischemia-reperfusion damage in isolated heart and whole animal models primarily via activating cardiac-specific Kir6.2/SUR2A KATP channels. Given that FLO also confers relaxation on several types of smooth muscles and can partially inhibit L-type Ca(2+) channels, in this study, we asked what is the mechanism of FLO action in bladder detrusor smooth muscle (DSM). The actions of FLO and PIN on contractility of rat and guinea pig DSM strips and membrane currents of isolated DSM cells were compared by tensiometry and patch clamp. Kir6 and SUR subunit expression in rat DSM was assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). In contrast to PIN (10 μM), FLO (10 μM) did not produce glibenclamide-sensitive DSM strips' relaxation and inhibition of spontaneous and electrically evoked contractions. However, FLO, but not PIN, inhibited contractions evoked by high K(+) depolarization. FLO (40 μM) did not change the level of isolated DSM cell's background K(+) current, but suppressed by 20 % L-type Ca(2+) current. Determining various Kir6 and SUR messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions in rat DSM by RT-PCR indicated that dominant KATP channel in rat DSM is of vascular type involving association of Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits. Myorelaxant effects of FLO in bladder DSM are explained by partial blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channel-mediated Ca(2+) influx rather than by hyperpolarization associated with increased K(+) permeability. Thus, insertion of fluorine group in PIN's structure made the drug more discriminative between Kir6.2/SUR2A cardiac- and Kir6.1/SUR2B vascular-type KATP channels and rendered it partial L-type Ca(2+) channel-blocking potency.
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Hayashi T, Takeya M, Nakamura KI, Matsuoka K. Effects of Silodosin and Tamsulosin on the Seminal Vesicle Contractile Response. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2016; 8:55-61. [PMID: 26789544 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the mechanisms underlying ejaculation dysfunction caused by α1A-adrenocetor (AR) antagonists, the effects of α1A-AR antagonists on the contractile responses of the seminal vesicle were investigated. METHODS Isolated seminal vesicles from guinea pigs were cannulated and pressurized, and the changes in the intraluminal pressure were recorded. Periodic applications of electrical stimulation (ES) caused biphasic increase in the intraluminal pressure, that is, initial and subsequent contractions. The effects of silodosin and tamsulosin, α1A-AR antagonists, on the contractile responses were examined. RESULTS The ES-induced biphasic contractions were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX). Silodosin and tamsulosin suppressed the initial contractions in a dose-dependent manner, while also exerting various inhibitory effects on the subsequent contractions. Increases in the intraluminal pressure facilitated spontaneous phasic contractions. The spontaneous contractions were not affected by TTX or α1A-AR antagonists, but were abolished by nifedipine. CONCLUSIONS The initial contractions triggered by neuronal excitations were suppressed by silodosin and tamsulosin, suggesting that the ejaculation dysfunction may be attributed to the α1A-AR antagonist-mediated suppression of nerve-evoked contractions in the seminal vesicle. The subsequent contractions may be induced by mechanical stimulation associated with the initial, nerve-evoked contractions. Alternatively, other transmitters may be involved to various degrees in the neuromuscular transmission of the seminal vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokumasa Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mitsue Takeya
- Division of Integrated Autonomic Function, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kei Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Briant LJB, O'Callaghan EL, Champneys AR, Paton JFR. Respiratory modulated sympathetic activity: a putative mechanism for developing vascular resistance? J Physiol 2015; 593:5341-60. [PMID: 26507780 DOI: 10.1113/jp271253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sympathetic activity exhibits respiratory modulation that is amplified in hypertensive rats. Respiratory modulated sympathetic activity produces greater changes in vascular resistance than tonic stimulation of the same stimulus magnitude in normotensive but not hypertensive rats. Mathematical modelling demonstrates that respiratory modulated sympathetic activity may fail to produce greater vascular resistance changes in hypertensive rats because the system is saturated as a consequence of a dysfunctional noradrenaline reuptake mechanism. Respiratory modulated sympathetic activity is an efficient mechanism to raise vascular resistance promptly, corroborating its involvement in the ontogenesis of hypertension. ABSTRACT Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) exhibits respiratory modulation. This component of SNA is important - being recruited under cardiorespiratory reflex conditions and elevated in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat - and yet the exact influence of this modulation on vascular tone is not understood, even in normotensive conditions. We constructed a mathematical model of the sympathetic innervation of an arteriole, and used it to test the hypothesis that respiratory modulation of SNA preferentially increases vasoconstriction compared to a frequency-matched tonic pattern. Simulations supported the hypothesis, where respiratory modulated increases in vasoconstriction were mediated by a noradrenergic mechanism. These predictions were tested in vivo in adult Wistar rats. Stimulation of the sympathetic chain (L3) with respiratory modulated bursting patterns, revealed that bursting increases vascular resistance (VR) more than tonic stimulation (57.8 ± 3.3% vs. 44.8 ± 4.2%; P < 0.001; n = 8). The onset of the VR response was also quicker for bursting stimulation (rise time constant = 1.98 ± 0.09 s vs. 2.35 ± 0.20 s; P < 0.01). In adult SH rats (n = 8), the VR response to bursting (44.6 ± 3.9%) was not different to tonic (37.4 ± 3.5%; P = 0.57). Using both mathematical modelling and in vivo techniques, we have shown that VR depends critically on respiratory modulation and revealed that this pattern dependency in Wistar rats is due to a noradrenergic mechanism. This respiratory component may therefore contribute to the ontogenesis of hypertension in the pre-hypertensive SH rat - raising VR and driving vascular remodelling. Why adult SH rats do not exhibit a pattern-dependent response is not known, but further modelling revealed that this may be due to dysfunctional noradrenaline reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linford J B Briant
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TD, UK.,Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Erin L O'Callaghan
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TD, UK
| | - Alan R Champneys
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TD, UK
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Emerging role of P2X7 receptors in CNS health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:328-42. [PMID: 26478005 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling in the brain is becoming an important focus in the study of CNS health and disease. Various purinergic receptors are found to be present in different brain cells in varying extent, which get activated upon binding of ATP or its analogues. Conventionally, ATP was considered only as a major metabolic fuel of the cell but its recognition as a neurotransmitter in early 1970s, brought meaningful insights in neuron glia crosstalk, participating in various physiological functions in the brain. P2X7R, a member of ligand gated purinergic receptor (P2X) family, is gaining attention in the field of neuroscience because of its emerging role in broad spectrum of ageing and age related neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an overview about the structure and function of P2X7R highlighting its unique features which distinguish it from the other members of its family. This review critically analyzes the literature mentioning the details about the agonist and antagonist of the P2X7R. It also emphasizes the advancements in understanding the dual role of P2X7R in brain development and disorders inviting meaningful insights about its involvement in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuropathic pain, Spinal Cord Injury and NeuroAIDS. Exploring the roles of P2X7R in detail is critical to identify its therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this review also helps to raise more interest in the neurobiology of the purinergic receptors and thus providing new avenues for future research.
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Wallace A, Gabriel D, McHale NG, Hollywood MA, Thornbury KD, Sergeant GP. Regulation of nerve-evoked contractions of rabbit vas deferens by acetylcholine. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/9/e12520. [PMID: 26359240 PMCID: PMC4600378 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of intramural nerves in the vas deferens of many species yields a classical biphasic contraction comprised of an initial fast component, mediated by P2X receptors and a second slower component, mediated by α1-adrenoceptors. It is also recognized that sympathetic nerve-mediated contractions of the vas deferens can be modulated by acetylcholine (Ach), however there is considerable disagreement in the literature regarding the precise contribution of cholinergic nerves to contraction of the vas deferens. In this study we examined the effect of cholinergic modulators on electric field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contractions of rabbit vas deferens and on cytosolic Ca(2+) levels in isolated vas deferens smooth muscle cells (VDSMC). The sustained component of EFS-evoked contractions was inhibited by atropine and by the selective M3R antagonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP). EFS-evoked contractions were potentiated by Ach, carbachol (Cch), and neostigmine. The sustained phase of the EFS-evoked contraction was inhibited by prazosin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist and guanethidine, an inhibitor of noradrenaline release, even in the continued presence of Ach, Cch or neostigmine. The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one enhanced the amplitude of EFS-evoked contractions and reduced the inhibitory effects of 4-DAMP. Isolated VDSMC displayed spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations, but did not respond to Cch. However, the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, evoked a Ca(2+) transient and contracted the cells. These data suggest that EFS-evoked contractions of the rabbit vas deferens are potentiated by activation of M3 receptors and reduced by activation of a sGC-dependent inhibitory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Wallace
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Deborah Gabriel
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Noel G McHale
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Mark A Hollywood
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Keith D Thornbury
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Gerard P Sergeant
- The Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
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Enteric purinergic signaling: Shaping the "brain in the gut". Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:477-8. [PMID: 25981956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cardoso AM, Schetinger MRC, Correia-de-Sá P, Sévigny J. Impact of ectonucleotidases in autonomic nervous functions. Auton Neurosci 2015; 191:25-38. [PMID: 26008223 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenine and uracil nucleotides play key functions in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). For instance, ATP acts as a neurotransmitter, co-transmitter and neuromodulator in the ANS. The purinergic system encompasses (1) receptors that respond to extracellular purines, which are designated as P1 and P2 purinoceptors, (2) purine release and uptake, and (3) a cascade of enzymes that regulate the concentration of purines near the cell surface. Ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP (and other nucleotides such as ADP, UTP, UDP, AMP) and adenosine, respectively. Accordingly, these enzymes are expected to play an important role in the control of neuro-effector transmission in tissues innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. Indeed, ectonucleotidases have the ability to either terminate P2 receptor responses initiated by nucleoside triphosphates (ATP and UTP), and/or to favor the activation of ADP (e.g. P2Y1,12,13) and UDP (e.g. P2Y6) and/or adenosine (P1) specific receptors. In addition, ectonucleotidases can also importantly protect some P2 receptors from desensitization (e.g. P2X1, P2Y1). In this review, we present the (putative) roles of ectonucleotidases and ADA in the ANS with a focus on their regulatory activity at neuro-effector junctions in the following tissues: heart, vas deferens, urinary bladder, salivary glands, blood vessels and the intestine. We also present their implication in nociceptive transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Briant LJB, Paton JFR, Pickering AE, Champneys AR. Modelling the vascular response to sympathetic postganglionic nerve activity. J Theor Biol 2015; 371:102-16. [PMID: 25698230 PMCID: PMC4386929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the influence of burst properties of the sympathetic nervous system on arterial contractility. Specifically, a mathematical model is constructed of the pathway from action potential generation in a sympathetic postganglionic neurone to contraction of an arterial smooth muscle cell. The differential equation model is a synthesis of models of the individual physiological processes, and is shown to be consistent with physiological data. The model is found to be unresponsive to tonic (regular) stimulation at typical frequencies recorded in sympathetic efferents. However, when stimulated at the same average frequency, but with repetitive respiratory-modulated burst patterns, it produces marked contractions. Moreover, the contractile force produced is found to be highly dependent on the number of spikes in each burst. In particular, when the model is driven by preganglionic spike trains recorded from wild-type and spontaneously hypertensive rats (which have increased spiking during each burst) the contractile force was found to be 10-fold greater in the hypertensive case. An explanation is provided in terms of the summative increased release of noradrenaline. Furthermore, the results suggest the marked effect that hypertensive spike trains had on smooth muscle cell tone can provide a significant contribution to the pathology of hypertension. We model the sympathetic-driven contraction of a vascular smooth muscle cell. The cell is unresponsive to tonic stimulation at typical sympathetic frequencies. We quantify the force produced by the cell in response to sympathetic bursting. The response of the cell is strongly dependent on burst amplitude and duration. Recordings from hypertensive animals produce significant contractile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linford J B Briant
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Alan R Champneys
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK.
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Maternal supplementation of nucleotides improves the behavioral development of prenatal ethanol-exposed mice. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 14:879-90. [PMID: 24146316 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy can induce learning deficits in the offspring. The objective of this study was to assess whether supplementation of exogenous nucleotides during pregnancy and lactation would ameliorate prenatal ethanol-induced learning and memory deficits in the offspring of mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. In the present study, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) intragastrically from gestational day (GD) 6 to GD15. The dams in exogenous nucleotide intervention groups were fed with feed containing 0.01%, 0.04%, or 0.16% nucleotide powder, with control and ethanol groups receiving normal feed. The dams were allowed to deliver naturally and to breast feed their offspring. After weaning, behavioral tests were carried out in the offspring of each group. Serum oxidation indexes were analyzed, and the hippocampus of each offspring was collected and detected for acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and the expression of p-CREB, CREB, and BDNF. The results showed that maternal supplementation with exogenous nucleotides during pregnancy could ameliorate prenatal ethanol-induced learning and memory deficits in the offspring of mice, through improving their antioxidant capacity, reversing hippocampus AChE levels, and allowing the expression of some proteins related to learning and memory. However, different sensitivities were found between the two sexes.
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Role of the enteric nervous system in the elongated sigmoid colon of patients with sigmoid volvulus. Int Surg 2014; 99:699-704. [PMID: 25437573 DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the physiologic function of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the elongated sigmoid colon (ESC) of patients with sigmoid volvulus (SV), we examined the enteric nerve responses in lesional and normal longitudinal muscle strips (LMS) derived from patients with ESC and patients who underwent colon resection for colonic cancers. Thirty preparations of LMS were taken from the lesional sigmoid colons of 10 ESC patients with SV (8 men and 2 women, aged 53 to 80 years, mean 66.2 years). Forty preparations of LMS were taken from the normal sigmoid colons (NSC) of 20 patients with colonic cancer (12 men and 8 women, aged 55 to 76 years, mean 62.3 years). A mechanographic technique was used to evaluate in vitro muscle responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) before and after treatment with various autonomic nerve blockers. Response to EFS before blockade of the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves was as follows: NSC and ESC significantly demonstrated relaxation reaction rather than contraction reaction (P = 0.0253, P < 0.0001, respectively). ESC showed relaxation reaction more than NSC (P = 0.1138). Response to EFS after blockade of the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves was as follows: NSC and ESC significantly demonstrated relaxation reaction via nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves rather than contraction reaction via NANC excitatory nerves (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). ESC with SV significantly showed relaxation reaction more than NSC (P = 0.0092). An increased response of relaxation mediated NANC inhibitory nerves may play a role in impaired motility in the ESC of patients with SV.
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Mustafa S, Ismael HN. Reactivity of Diabetic Urinary Bladder to the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Neostigmine. Urology 2014; 84:1549.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sousa JB, Vieira-Rocha MS, Sá C, Ferreirinha F, Correia-de-Sá P, Fresco P, Diniz C. Lack of endogenous adenosine tonus on sympathetic neurotransmission in spontaneously hypertensive rat mesenteric artery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105540. [PMID: 25158061 PMCID: PMC4144848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased sympathetic activity has been implicated in hypertension. Adenosine has been shown to play a role in blood flow regulation. In the present study, the endogenous adenosine neuromodulatory role, in mesenteric arteries from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, was investigated. Methods and Results The role of endogenous adenosine in sympathetic neurotransmission was studied using electrically-evoked [3H]-noradrenaline release experiments. Purine content was determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Localization of adenosine A1 or A2A receptors in adventitia of mesenteric arteries was investigated by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. Results indicate a higher electrically-evoked noradrenaline release from hypertensive mesenteric arteries. The tonic inhibitory modulation of noradrenaline release is mediated by adenosine A1 receptors and is lacking in arteries from hypertensive animals, despite their purine levels being higher comparatively to those determined in normotensive ones. Tonic facilitatory adenosine A2A receptor-mediated effects were absent in arteries from both strains. Immunohistochemistry revealed an adenosine A1 receptors redistribution from sympathetic fibers to Schwann cells, in adventitia of hypertensive mesenteric arteries which can explain, at least in part, the absence of effects observed for these receptors. Conclusion Data highlight the role of purines in hypertension revealing that an increase in sympathetic activity in hypertensive arteries is occurring due to a higher noradrenaline/ATP release from sympathetic nerves and the loss of endogenous adenosine inhibitory tonus. The observed nerve-to-glial redistribution of inhibitory adenosine A1 receptors in hypertensive arteries may explain the latter effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Beatriz Sousa
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Vieira-Rocha
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sá
- Centro de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia/UMIB, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Smith PP, DeAngelis A, Simon R. Evidence of increased centrally enhanced bladder compliance with ageing in a mouse model. BJU Int 2014; 115:322-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. Smith
- Department of Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
- Center on Aging; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
| | - Anthony DeAngelis
- Center on Aging; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
| | - Richard Simon
- Department of Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT USA
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Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Giorgi C, Valtancoli B. Zn(II) enhances nucleotide binding and dephosphorylation in the presence of a poly(ethylene imine) dendrimer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McGinn R, Fujii N, Swift B, Lamarche DT, Kenny GP. Adenosine receptor inhibition attenuates the suppression of postexercise cutaneous blood flow. J Physiol 2014; 592:2667-78. [PMID: 24687586 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-dependent contributions of active vasodilation (e.g. nitric oxide) and noradrenergic vasoconstriction to the postexercise suppression of cutaneous perfusion despite persistent hyperthermia remain unknown. Moreover, adenosine receptors have been shown to mediate the decrease in cutaneous perfusion following passive heating. We examined the time-dependent modulation of nitric oxide synthase, noradrenergic vasoconstriction and adenosine receptors on postexercise cutaneous perfusion. Eight males performed 15 min of high-intensity (85% VO2 max) cycling followed by 60 min of recovery in temperate ambient conditions (25°C). Four microdialysis probes were inserted into the forearm skin and continuously infused with: (1) lactated Ringer solution (Control); (2) 10 mm N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor); (3) 10 mm bretylium tosylate (BT; inhibitor of noradrenergic vasoconstriction); or (4) 4 mm theophylline (THEO; adenosine receptor inhibitor). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was expressed as a percentage of maximum and was calculated as perfusion units (laser Doppler) divided by mean arterial pressure. End-exercise CVC was similar in Control, THEO and BT (P > 0.1), but CVC with l-NAME (39 ± 4%) was lower than Control (59 ± 4%, P < 0.01). At 20 min of recovery, Control CVC (22 ± 3%) returned to baseline levels (19 ± 2%, P = 0.11). Relative to Control, CVC was reduced by l-NAME for the first 10 min of recovery whereas CVC was increased with BT for the first 30 min of recovery (P < 0.03). In contrast, CVC with THEO was elevated throughout the 60 min recovery period (P ≤ 0.01) compared to Control. We show that adenosine receptors appear to have a major role in postexercise cutaneous perfusion whereas nitric oxide synthase and noradrenergic vasoconstriction are involved only earlier during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGinn
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brendan Swift
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dallon T Lamarche
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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