1
|
Ermann Lundberg L, Pallabi Mishra P, Liu P, Forsberg MM, Sverremark-Ekström E, Grompone G, Håkansson S, Linninge C, Roos S. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BG-L47 boosts growth and activity of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and its extracellular membrane vesicles. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0024724. [PMID: 38888338 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00247-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify a Bifidobacterium strain that improves the performance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Initial tests showed that Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains boosted the growth of DSM 17938 during in vivo-like conditions. Further characterization revealed that one of the strains, BG-L47, had better bile and acid tolerance compared to BG-L48, as well as mucus adhesion compared to both BG-L48 and the control strain BB536. BG-L47 also had the capacity to metabolize a broad range of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols. Mapping of glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes of BG-L47 and BB536 revealed many GHs associated with plant-fiber utilization. However, BG-L47 had a broader phenotypic fiber utilization capacity. In addition, B. longum subsp. longum cells boosted the bioactivity of extracellular membrane vesicles (MV) produced by L. reuteri DSM 17938 during co-cultivation. Secreted 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), an enzyme that converts AMP into the signal molecule adenosine, was increased in MV boosted by BG-L47. The MV exerted an improved antagonistic effect on the pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and increased the expression of the immune development markers IL-6 and IL-1ß in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) model. Finally, the safety of BG-L47 was evaluated both by genome safety assessment and in a human safety study. Microbiota analysis showed that the treatment did not induce significant changes in the composition. In conclusion, B. longum subsp. longum BG-L47 has favorable physiological properties, can boost the in vitro activity of L. reuteri DSM 17938, and is safe for consumption, making it a candidate for further evaluation in probiotic studies. IMPORTANCE By using probiotics that contain a combination of strains with synergistic properties, the likelihood of achieving beneficial interactions with the host can increase. In this study, we first performed a broad screening of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains in terms of synergistic potential and physiological properties. We identified a superior strain, BG-L47, with favorable characteristics and potential to boost the activity of the known probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BG-L47 is safe for consumption in a human randomized clinical study and by performing a genome safety assessment. This work illustrates that bacteria-bacteria interactions differ at the strain level and further provides a strategy for finding and selecting companion strains of probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Ermann Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Punya Pallabi Mishra
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Manuel Mata Forsberg
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sebastian Håkansson
- BioGaia, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Linninge
- BioGaia, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian Y, Jian T, Li J, Huang L, Li S, Lu H, Niu G, Meng X, Ren B, Liao H, Ding X, Chen J. Phenolic acids from Chicory roots ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by targeting TRP signaling pathways and the gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155378. [PMID: 38507851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of immune-mediated condition associated with intestinal homeostasis. Our preliminary studies disclosed that Cichorium intybus L., a traditional medicinal plant, also known as Chicory in Western countries, contained substantial phenolic acids displaying significant anti-inflammatory activities. We recognized the potential of harnessing Chicory for the treatment of IBD, prompting a need for in-depth investigation into the underlying mechanisms. METHODS On the third day, mice were given 100, 200 mg/kg of total phenolic acids (PA) from Chicory and 200 mg/kg of sulfasalazine (SASP) via gavage, while dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) concentration was 2.5 % for one week. The study measured and evaluated various health markers including body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen index, histological score, serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid oxidation (MDA), and inflammatory factors. We evaluated the TRP family and the NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways by Western blot, while 16S rDNA sequencing was used to track the effects of PA on gut microbes. RESULTS It was shown that PA ameliorated the weight loss trend, attenuated inflammatory damage, regulated oxidative stress levels, and repaired the intestinal barrier in DSS mice. Analyses of Western blots demonstrated that PA suppressed what was expressed of transient receptor potential family TRPV4, TRPA1, and the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, NLRP3 and GSDMD. In addition, PA exerted therapeutic effects on IBD by regulating gut microbiota richness and diversity. Meanwhile, the result of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis showed that gut microbiota was mainly related to Membrane Transport, Replication and Repair, Carbohydrate Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism. CONCLUSION PA derived from Chicory may have therapeutic effects on IBD by regulating the TRPV4/NLRP3 signaling pathway and gut microbiome. This study provides new insights into the effects of phenolic acids from Chicory on TRP ion channels and gut microbiota, revealing previously unexplored modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Painology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lushi Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiuhua Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingru Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huarong Liao
- Pharmaceutical Affairs Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital HuBei Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, WuHan 430061, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pak R, Cho M, Pride K, Abd-Elsayed A. The Gut Microbiota and Chronic Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:259-269. [PMID: 38345694 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the effects and interactions between gut microbia and chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiome has been an area of interest in both the scientific and general audience due to a growing body of evidence suggesting its influence in a variety of health and disease states. Communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiome is said to be bidirectional, in what is referred to as the gut-brain axis. Chronic pain is a prevalent costly personal and public health burden and so, there is a vested interest in devising safe and efficacious treatments. Numerous studies, many of which are animal studies, have been conducted to examine the gut microbiome's role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain states, such as neuropathy, inflammation, visceral pain, etc. As the understanding of this relationship grows, so does the potential for therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiome in chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Pak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York Medical College/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York Medical College/Metropolitan, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keth Pride
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3272, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3272, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leech T, Peiris M. Mucosal neuroimmune mechanisms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) pathogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:165-178. [PMID: 38221552 PMCID: PMC10904498 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic condition characterised by visceral pain in the distal oesophagus. The current first-line treatment for GORD is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, PPIs are ineffective in a large cohort of patients and long-term use may have adverse effects. Emerging evidence suggests that nerve fibre number and location are likely to play interrelated roles in nociception in the oesophagus of GORD patients. Simultaneously, alterations in cells of the oesophageal mucosa, namely epithelial cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, have been a focus of GORD research for several years. The oesophagus of GORD patients exhibits both macro- and micro-inflammation as a response to chronic acidic reflux at the epithelium. In other conditions of the GI tract, such as IBS and IBD, well-characterised bidirectional processes between immune cells and mucosal nerve fibres contribute to pathogenesis and symptom generation. Sensory alterations in these conditions such as nerve fibre outgrowth and hypersensitivity can be driven by inflammatory processes, which promote visceral pain signalling. This review will examine what is currently known of the molecular pathways linking inflammation and sensory perception leading to the development of GORD symptoms and explore potentially relevant mechanisms in other GI regions which may indicate new areas in GORD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Leech
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kashyap Y, Wang ZJ. Gut microbiota dysbiosis alters chronic pain behaviors in a humanized transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease. Pain 2024; 165:423-439. [PMID: 37733476 PMCID: PMC10843763 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is the most common symptom experienced by patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) throughout their lives and is the main cause of hospitalization. Despite the progress that has been made towards understanding the disease pathophysiology, major gaps remain in the knowledge of SCD pain, the transition to chronic pain, and effective pain management. Recent evidence has demonstrated a vital role of gut microbiota in pathophysiological features of SCD. However, the role of gut microbiota in SCD pain is yet to be explored. We sought to evaluate the compositional differences in the gut microbiota of transgenic mice with SCD and nonsickle control mice and investigate the role of gut microbiota in SCD pain by using antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and fecal material transplantation (FMT). The antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion did not affect evoked pain but significantly attenuated ongoing spontaneous pain in mice with SCD. Fecal material transplantation from mice with SCD to wild-type mice resulted in tactile allodynia (0.95 ± 0.17 g vs 0.08 ± 0.02 g, von Frey test, P < 0.001), heat hyperalgesia (15.10 ± 0.79 seconds vs 8.68 ± 1.17 seconds, radiant heat, P < 0.01), cold allodynia (2.75 ± 0.26 seconds vs 1.68 ± 0.08 seconds, dry ice test, P < 0.01), and anxiety-like behaviors (Elevated Plus Maze Test, Open Field Test). On the contrary, reshaping gut microbiota of mice with SCD with FMT from WT mice resulted in reduced tactile allodynia (0.05 ± 0.01 g vs 0.25 ± 0.03 g, P < 0.001), heat hyperalgesia (5.89 ± 0.67 seconds vs 12.25 ± 0.76 seconds, P < 0.001), and anxiety-like behaviors. These findings provide insights into the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and pain in SCD, highlighting the importance of gut microbial communities that may serve as potential targets for novel pain interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavnika Kashyap
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, and Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Riehl L, Fürst J, Kress M, Rykalo N. The importance of the gut microbiome and its signals for a healthy nervous system and the multifaceted mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1302957. [PMID: 38249593 PMCID: PMC10797776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1302957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links the gut microbiome and the nervous system in health and disease. This narrative review discusses current views on the interaction between the gut microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the brain, and provides an overview of the communication routes and signals of the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and the brain, including circulatory, immunological, neuroanatomical, and neuroendocrine pathways. Similarities and differences in healthy gut microbiota in humans and mice exist that are relevant for the translational gap between non-human model systems and patients. There is an increasing spectrum of metabolites and neurotransmitters that are released and/or modulated by the gut microbiota in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Dysbiotic disruptions occur as consequences of critical illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease but also neurological, mental, and pain disorders, as well as ischemic and traumatic brain injury. Changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and a concomitant imbalance in the release of mediators may be cause or consequence of diseases of the central nervous system and are increasingly emerging as critical links to the disruption of healthy physiological function, alterations in nutrition intake, exposure to hypoxic conditions and others, observed in brain disorders. Despite the generally accepted importance of the gut microbiome, the bidirectional communication routes between brain and gut are not fully understood. Elucidating these routes and signaling pathways in more detail offers novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology and multifaceted aspects of brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadiia Rykalo
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meynier M, Daugey V, Mallaret G, Gervason S, Meleine M, Barbier J, Aissouni Y, Lolignier S, Bonnet M, Ardid D, De Vos WM, Van Hul M, Suenaert P, Brochot A, Cani PD, Carvalho FA. Pasteurized akkermansia muciniphila improves irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms and related behavioral disorders in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2298026. [PMID: 38170633 PMCID: PMC10766393 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut - brain communications disorders in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, increased gut permeability, and psychosocial disturbances. Symptoms of IBS are difficult to medicate, and hence much research is being made into alternative approaches. This study assesses the potential of a treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila for alleviating IBS-like symptoms in two mouse models of IBS with different etiologies. Two clinically relevant animal models were used to mimic IBS-like symptoms in C57BL6/J mice: the neonatal maternal separation (NMS) paradigm and the Citrobacter rodentium infection model. In both models, gut permeability, colonic sensitivity, fecal microbiota composition and colonic IL-22 expression were evaluated. The cognitive performance and emotional state of the animals were also assessed by several tests in the C. rodentium infection model. The neuromodulation ability of pasteurized A. muciniphila was assessed on primary neuronal cells from mice dorsal root ganglia using a ratiometric calcium imaging approach. The administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila significantly reduced colonic hypersensitivity in both IBS mouse models, accompanied by a reinforcement of the intestinal barrier function. Beneficial effects of pasteurized A. muciniphila treatment have also been observed on anxiety-like behavior and memory defects in the C. rodentium infection model. Finally, a neuroinhibitory effect exerted by pasteurized A. muciniphila was observed on neuronal cells stimulated with two algogenic substances such as capsaicin and inflammatory soup. Our findings demonstrate novel anti-hyperalgesic and neuroinhibitory properties of pasteurized A. muciniphila, which therefore may have beneficial effects in relieving pain and anxiety in subjects with IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Meynier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, UMR1382 INRAé, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentine Daugey
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geoffroy Mallaret
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandie Gervason
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Barbier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Lolignier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, UMR1382 INRAé, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Ardid
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Willem M. De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Akkermansia Company™, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A. Carvalho
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duffy EP, Bachtell RK, Ehringer MA. Opioid trail: Tracking contributions to opioid use disorder from host genetics to the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105487. [PMID: 38040073 PMCID: PMC10836641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a worldwide public health crisis with few effective treatment options. Traditional genetics and neuroscience approaches have provided knowledge about biological mechanisms that contribute to OUD-related phenotypes, but the complexity and magnitude of effects in the brain and body remain poorly understood. The gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising target for future therapeutics for several psychiatric conditions, so characterizing the relationship between host genetics and the gut microbiome in the context of OUD will be essential for development of novel treatments. In this review, we describe evidence that interactions between host genetics, the gut microbiome, and immune signaling likely play a key role in mediating opioid-related phenotypes. Studies in humans and model organisms consistently demonstrated that genetic background is a major determinant of gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, the gut microbiome is susceptible to environmental influences such as opioid exposure. Additional work focused on gene by microbiome interactions will be necessary to gain improved understanding of their effects on OUD-related behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn P Duffy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fyntanidou B, Amaniti A, Soulioti E, Zagalioti SC, Gkarmiri S, Chorti A, Loukipoudi L, Ioannidis A, Dalakakis I, Menni AE, Shrewsbury AD, Kotzampassi K. Probiotics in Postoperative Pain Management. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1645. [PMID: 38138872 PMCID: PMC10745134 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience after surgery, its origin being both the inflammatory reaction induced by the surgical trauma on the abdominal wall and the splanchnic pain induced by the activation of nociceptors of the viscera, which are highly sensitive to distension, ischemia, and inflammation. Nowadays, it is well recognized that there is a close relationship between the gut microbiome and pain perception, and that microbiome is highly affected by both anesthesia and surgical manipulation. Thus, efforts to restore the disturbed microbiome via supplementation with beneficial bacteria, namely probiotics, seem to be effective. In this article, the knowledge gained mainly from experimental research on this topic is analyzed, the concluding message being that each probiotic strain works in its own way towards pain relief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fyntanidou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (B.F.); (S.-C.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (L.L.); (I.D.)
| | - Eleftheria Soulioti
- Second Department of Anesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sofia-Chrysovalantou Zagalioti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (B.F.); (S.-C.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Sofia Gkarmiri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (B.F.); (S.-C.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Angeliki Chorti
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.C.); (A.I.); (A.-E.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Lamprini Loukipoudi
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (L.L.); (I.D.)
| | - Aris Ioannidis
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.C.); (A.I.); (A.-E.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ioannis Dalakakis
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.); (L.L.); (I.D.)
| | - Alexandra-Eleftheria Menni
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.C.); (A.I.); (A.-E.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Anne D. Shrewsbury
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.C.); (A.I.); (A.-E.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.C.); (A.I.); (A.-E.M.); (A.D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mao B, Xiang Q, Tang X, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1175 and Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1176 Could Prevent Capsaicin-Induced Ileal and Colonic Injuries. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10106-1. [PMID: 37314694 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is usually reported to have many biological activities. However, a large intake of CAP may cause heartburn, gastrointestinal pain, and diarrhea. In this study, mice were gavaged with nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains for two weeks, in which the mice were treated with CAP at the second week and lasted for one week. We tried to identify potential probiotics that could prevent CAP-induced intestinal injury and investigate the mechanisms. The modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the composition of gut microbiota were analyzed. The results showed that Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1175 and Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1176 effectively attenuated CAP-induced injuries to the ileum and colon, including relieving the damage to colonic crypt structures, increasing the number of goblet cells, decreasing levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), increasing levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10), and reducing levels of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum and colon tissue. Further analysis showed that L. reuteri CCFM1175 increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG_014 and Akkermansia. L. paracasei CCFM1176 downregulated the expression of TRPV1 in the ileal and colonic tissues and promoted the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG_014 and Lachnospiraceae UCG_006. These results indicate that L. reuteri CCFM1175 and L. paracasei CCFM1176 could prevent CAP-induced intestinal injury and be used as probiotics to improve the gastrointestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qunran Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Q, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of dietary irritants on intestinal homeostasis and the intervention strategies. Food Chem 2023; 409:135280. [PMID: 36587512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abundant diet components are unexplored as vital factors in intestinal homeostasis. Dietary irritants stimulate the nervous system and provoke somatosensory responses, further inducing diarrhea, gut microbiota disorder, intestinal barrier damage or even severe gastrointestinal disease. We depicted the effects of food with piquancy, high fat, low pH, high-refined carbohydrates, and indigestible texture. The mechanism of dietary irritants on intestinal homeostasis were comprehensively summarized. Somatosensory responses to dietary irritants are palpable and have specific chemical and neural mechanisms. In contrast, even low-dose exposure to dietary irritants can involve multiple intestinal barriers. Their mechanisms in intestinal homeostasis are often overlapping and dose-dependent. Therefore, treating symptoms caused by dietary irritants requires personalized nutritional advice. The reprocessing of stimulant foods, additional supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics, and enhancement of the intestinal barrier are effective intervention strategies. This review provides promising preliminary guidelines for the treatment of symptoms and gastrointestinal injury caused by dietary irritants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute, Wuxi Branch, PR China; Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang JL, Xian H, Zhao R, Luo C, Xie RG, Tian T, Cong R. Brachial plexus avulsion induced changes in gut microbiota promotes pain related anxiety-like behavior in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1084494. [PMID: 36846129 PMCID: PMC9944865 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1084494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) injury develops frequent and intense neuropathic pain, involving in both peripheral and central nervous systems. The incidence of anxiety or depression caused by BPA-induced neuropathic pain is high, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods We established a BPA mice model and assessed its negative emotions through behavioral tests. To further explore the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the unique emotional behavior after BPA, we performed intestinal fecal 16s and metabolomics assays. Psychobiotics (PB) supplementation was administered to BPA mice to check the probiotics effects on BPA-induced anxiety behaviors. Results Pain related anxiety-like behavior was observed at the early stage after BPA (7 days), while no depression-like behavior was detected. Intriguingly, gut microbiota diversity was increased in BPA mice, and the most abundant probiotics, Lactobacillus, showed obvious changes. Lactobacillus_reuteri was significantly decreased in BPA mice. Metabolomics analysis showed that Lactobacillus_reuteri-related bile acid pathway and some neurotransmitter amino acids were significantly altered. Further PB (dominated by Lactobacillus_reuteri) supplementation could significantly relieve BPA-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Conclusion Our study suggests that pathological neuralgia after BPA could alter intestinal microbiota diversity, especially Lactobacillus, and the changes in neurotransmitter amino acid metabolites may be the key reason for the onset of anxiety-like behaviors in BPA mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rou-gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Rui Cong ✉
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rao NS, Ermann Lundberg L, Tomasson J, Tullberg C, Brink DP, Palmkron SB, van Niel EWJ, Håkansson S, Carlquist M. Non-inhibitory levels of oxygen during cultivation increase freeze-drying stress tolerance in Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1152389. [PMID: 37125176 PMCID: PMC10140318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological effects of oxygen on Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 during cultivation and the ensuing properties of the freeze-dried probiotic product was investigated. On-line flow cytometry and k-means clustering gating was used to follow growth and viability in real time during cultivation. The bacterium tolerated aeration at 500 mL/min, with a growth rate of 0.74 ± 0.13 h-1 which demonstrated that low levels of oxygen did not influence the growth kinetics of the bacterium. Modulation of the redox metabolism was, however, seen already at non-inhibitory oxygen levels by 1.5-fold higher production of acetate and 1.5-fold lower ethanol production. A significantly higher survival rate in the freeze-dried product was observed for cells cultivated in presence of oxygen compared to absence of oxygen (61.8% ± 2.4% vs. 11.5% ± 4.3%), coinciding with a higher degree of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA:SFA ratio of 10 for air sparged vs. 3.59 for N2 sparged conditions.). Oxygen also resulted in improved bile tolerance and boosted 5'nucleotidase activity (370 U/L vs. 240 U/L in N2 sparged conditions) but lower tolerance to acidic conditions compared bacteria grown under complete anaerobic conditions which survived up to 90 min of exposure at pH 2. Overall, our results indicate the controlled supply of oxygen during production may be used as means for probiotic activity optimization of L. reuteri DSM 17938.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Seshagiri Rao
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Nikhil Seshagiri Rao,
| | - Ludwig Ermann Lundberg
- The Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia, SE-103 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Tullberg
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel P. Brink
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shuai Bai Palmkron
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed W. J. van Niel
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Håkansson
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioGaia, SE-241 38, Eslöv, Sweden
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Magnus Carlquist,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beneficial Effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in the DCA Experimental Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010024. [PMID: 36615683 PMCID: PMC9824399 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, a probiotic strain isolated from human milk, has reported beneficial effects on different gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, it has shown its ability to restore altered immune responses, in association with microbiome modulation in different pathological conditions. Therefore, our aim was to assess the effects of a Limosilacbacillus fermentum CECT5716 in a rat experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that resembles human IBS. The experimental IBS was induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA) in rats and then, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (109 CFU/day/rat) was administered. Behavioral studies, hyperalgesia and intestinal hypersensitivity determinations were performed and the impact of the probiotic on the inflammatory and intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition was analyzed. Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 attenuated the anxiety-like behavior as well as the visceral hypersensitivity and referred pain. Moreover, this probiotic ameliorated the gut inflammatory status, re-establishing the altered intestinal permeability, reducing the mast cell degranulation and re-establishing the gut dysbiosis in experimental IBS. Therefore, our results suggest a potential use of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 in clinical practice for the management of IBS patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tuck CJ, Abu Omar A, De Palma G, Osman S, Jiménez-Vargas NN, Yu Y, Bennet SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco JO, Baker CC, Bennett AS, Guzman-Rodriguez M, Tsang Q, Alward T, Rolland S, Morissette C, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Vanner SJ, Lomax AE, Reed DE. Changes in signalling from faecal neuroactive metabolites following dietary modulation of IBS pain. Gut 2022; 72:gutjnl-2022-327260. [PMID: 36591617 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have received increasing interest but predicting which patients will benefit remains a challenge due to a lack of mechanistic insight. We recently found evidence of a role for the microbiota in dietary modulation of pain signalling in a humanised mouse model of IBS. This randomised cross-over study aimed to test the hypothesis that pain relief following reduced consumption of fermentable carbohydrates is the result of changes in luminal neuroactive metabolites. DESIGN IBS (Rome IV) participants underwent four trial periods: two non-intervention periods, followed by a diet low (LFD) and high in fermentable carbohydrates for 3 weeks each. At the end of each period, participants completed questionnaires and provided stool. The effects of faecal supernatants (FS) collected before (IBS FS) and after a LFD (LFD FS) on nociceptive afferent neurons were assessed in mice using patch-clamp and ex vivo colonic afferent nerve recording techniques. RESULTS Total IBS symptom severity score and abdominal pain were reduced by the LFD (N=25; p<0.01). Excitability of neurons was increased in response to IBS FS, but this effect was reduced (p<0.01) with LFD FS from pain-responders. IBS FS from pain-responders increased mechanosensitivity of nociceptive afferent nerve axons (p<0.001), an effect lost following LFD FS administration (p=NS) or when IBS FS was administered in the presence of antagonists of histamine receptors or protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In a subset of IBS patients with improvement in abdominal pain following a LFD, there is a decrease in pronociceptive signalling from FS, suggesting that changes in luminal mediators may contribute to symptom response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Tuck
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal Abu Omar
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Osman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Mp Bennet
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Corey C Baker
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aidan Sw Bennett
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Alward
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastien Rolland
- Department of Medicine, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celine Morissette
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pang Y, Ermann Lundberg L, Mata Forsberg M, Ahl D, Bysell H, Pallin A, Sverremark-Ekström E, Karlsson R, Jonsson H, Roos S. Extracellular membrane vesicles from Limosilactobacillus reuteri strengthen the intestinal epithelial integrity, modulate cytokine responses and antagonize activation of TRPV1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1032202. [PMID: 36466671 PMCID: PMC9712456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (MV) are potent mediators of microbe-host signals, and they are not only important in host-pathogen interactions but also for the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and their hosts. Studies of MV derived from probiotics could enhance the understanding of these universal signal entities, and here we have studied MV derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and BG-R46. The production of MV increased with cultivation time and after oxygen stress. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses revealed that the MV carried a large number of bacterial cell surface proteins, several predicted to be involved in host-bacteria interactions. A 5'-nucleotidase, which catalyze the conversion of AMP into the signal molecule adenosine, was one of these and analysis of enzymatic activity showed that L. reuteri BG-R46 derived MV exhibited the highest activity. We also detected the TLR2 activator lipoteichoic acid on the MV. In models for host interactions, we first observed that L. reuteri MV were internalized by Caco-2/HT29-MTX epithelial cells, and in a dose-dependent manner decreased the leakage caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by up to 65%. Furthermore, the MV upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but also dampened IFN-γ and TNF-α responses in PBMC challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, we showed that MV from the L. reuteri strains have an antagonistic effect on the pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in a model with primary dorsal root ganglion cells from rats. In summary, we have shown that these mobile nanometer scale MV reproduce several biological effects of L. reuteri cells and that the production parameters and selection of strain have an impact on the activity of the MV. This could potentially provide key information for development of innovative and more efficient probiotic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Ermann Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mata Forsberg
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anton Pallin
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nanoxis Consulting AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Enteric Glia and Its Modulation by the Endocannabinoid System, a New Target for Cannabinoid-Based Nutraceuticals? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196773. [PMID: 36235308 PMCID: PMC9570628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the autonomic nervous system that intrinsically innervates the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Whereas enteric neurons have been deeply studied, the enteric glial cells (EGCs) have received less attention. However, these are immune-competent cells that contribute to the maintenance of the GI tract homeostasis through supporting epithelial integrity, providing neuroprotection, and influencing the GI motor function and sensation. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) includes endogenous classical cannabinoids (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol), cannabinoid-like ligands (oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)), enzymes involved in their metabolism (FAAH, MAGL, COX-2) and classical (CB1 and CB2) and non-classical (TRPV1, GPR55, PPAR) receptors. The ECS participates in many processes crucial for the proper functioning of the GI tract, in which the EGCs are involved. Thus, the modulation of the EGCs through the ECS might be beneficial to treat some dysfunctions of the GI tract. This review explores the role of EGCs and ECS on the GI tract functions and dysfunctions, and the current knowledge about how EGCs may be modulated by the ECS components, as possible new targets for cannabinoids and cannabinoid-like molecules, particularly those with potential nutraceutical use.
Collapse
|
19
|
Valdez-Morales EE, Sánchez-Navarro CA, Reyes-Pavón D, Barrios-Garcia T, Ochoa-Cortes F, Barajas-Espinosa A, Barragán-Iglesias P, Guerrero-Alba R. TNF-α enhances sensory DRG neuron excitability through modulation of P2X3 receptors in an acute colitis model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872760. [PMID: 36032155 PMCID: PMC9416886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that acute colonic inflammation leads to an increase in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal excitability. However, the signaling elements implicated in this hyperexcitability have yet to be fully unraveled. Extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is a well-recognized sensory signaling molecule that enhances the nociceptive response after inflammation through activation of P2X3 receptors, which are expressed mainly by peripheral sensory neurons. The aim of this study is to continue investigating how P2X3 affects neuronal hypersensitivity in an acute colitis animal model. To achieve this, DNBS (Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 200 mg/kg) was intrarectally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and inflammation severity was assessed according to the following parameters: weight loss, macroscopic and microscopic scores. Perforated patch clamp technique was used to evaluate neuronal excitability via measuring changes in rheobase and action potential firing in T8-L1 DRG neurons. A-317491, a well-established potent and selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, served to dissect their contribution to recorded responses. Protein expression of P2X3 receptors in DRG was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Four days post-DNBS administration, colons were processed for histological analyses of ulceration, crypt morphology, goblet cell density, and immune cell infiltration. DRG neurons from DNBS-treated mice were significantly more excitable compared with controls; these changes correlated with increased P2X3 receptor expression. Furthermore, TNF-α mRNA expression was also significantly higher in inflamed colons compared to controls. Incubation of control DRG neurons with TNF-α resulted in similar cell hyperexcitability as measured in DNBS-derived neurons. The selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, A-317491, blocked the TNF-α-induced effect. These results support the hypothesis that TNF-α enhances colon-innervating DRG neuron excitability via modulation of P2X3 receptor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Sánchez-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Diana Reyes-Pavón
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Raquel Guerrero-Alba,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du Y, Chen J, Shen L, Wang B. TRP channels in inflammatory bowel disease: potential therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
21
|
Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joyce SA, O'Malley D. Bile acids, bioactive signalling molecules in interoceptive gut-to-brain communication. J Physiol 2022; 600:2565-2578. [PMID: 35413130 PMCID: PMC9325455 DOI: 10.1113/jp281727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from facilitating solubilisation and absorption of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins, amphipathic bile acids (BAs) also act as bioactive signalling molecules. A plethora of conjugated or un-conjugated primary and bacterially-modified secondary BA moieties have been identified, with significant divergence between species. These molecules are excreted into the external environment of the intestinal lumen, yet nuclear and membrane receptors that are sensitive to BAs are expressed internally in the liver, intestinal and neural tissues, amongst others. The diversity of BAs and receptors underpins the multitude of distinct bioactive functions attributed to BAs, but also hampers elucidation of the physiological mechanisms underpinning these actions. In this topical review, we have considered the potential of BAs as cross-barrier signalling molecules that contribute to interoceptive pathways informing the central nervous system of environmental changes in the gut lumen. Activation of BAs on FGF19 -secreting enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells coupled to sensory nerves or intestinal immune cells would facilitate indirect signalling, whereas direct activation of BA receptors in the brain are likely to occur primarily under pathophysiological conditions when concentrations of BAs are elevated. Abstract figure legend The figure illustrates the microbial modification of hepatic primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. In addition to facilitating lipid digestion and absorption, bile acids act as bioactive signalling molecules by binding to bile acid receptors expressed on enterocytes, neural afferent-coupled enteroendocrine cells and immune cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dargenio VN, Cristofori F, Dargenio C, Giordano P, Indrio F, Celano G, Francavilla R. Use of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in paediatric gastrointestinal disorders: an updated review. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:221-242. [PMID: 35212258 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strains of lactobacilli are the most widely used probiotics and can be found in a large variety of food products and food supplements throughout the world. In this study, the evidence on Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR DSM 17938) has been reviewed. This species secretes reuterin and other substances singularly or in microvesicles, inhibiting pathogen growth and interacting with the intestinal microbiota and mucosa, restoring homeostasis. The use of LR DSM 17938 has been exploited in several pathological conditions. Preclinical research has shown that this probiotic can ameliorate dysbiosis and, by interacting with intestinal mucosal cells, can raise the pain threshold and promote gastrointestinal motility. These aspects are amongst the significant components in functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic and regurgitation in infants, functional abdominal pain and functional constipation in children and adolescents. This strain can decrease the duration of acute diarrhoea and hospitalization for acute gastroenteritis but does not seem to prevent nosocomial diarrhoea and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Because of its ability to survive in the gastric environment, it has been tested in Helicobacter pylori infection, showing a significant decrease of antibiotic-associated side effects and a tendency to increase the eradication rate. Finally, all these studies have shown the excellent safety of LR DSM 17938 even at higher dosages. In conclusion data from various clinical trials here reviewed can guide the clinician to find the correct dose, frequency of administration, and therapy duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V N Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Indrio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - G Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 265/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', Via Amendola 207, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar V, Kumar V, Mahajan N, Kaur J, Devi K, Dharavath RN, Singh RP, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. Mucin secretory action of capsaicin prevents high fat diet-induced gut barrier dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice colon. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112452. [PMID: 34808551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier - including tight junction proteins (TJPs) and mucus layers, is the first line of defense against physical, chemical or pathogenic incursions. This barrier is compromised in various health disorders. Capsaicin, a dietary agonist of Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel, is reported to alleviate the complications of obesity. While it is well known to improve energy expenditure and metabolism, and prevent dysbiosis, the more local effects on the host gut - particularly the gut barrier and mucus system remain elusive. To investigate the effect of capsaicin on the gut barrier and mucus production and to understand the involvement of mucus, bacteria, and TRPV1 in these phenomena, we employed a diet-induced obesity model in C57BL/6 mice, and capsaicin (2 mg/kg/day p.o.) or mucin (1 g/kg/day p.o.) as interventions, for 12 weeks. Parameters like weight gain, glucose homeostasis, TJPs expression, mucus staining, intestinal permeability etc were studied. 16 S rDNA sequencing and in vitro Ca2+ measurement experiments were performed to explore the role of microbiota in the beneficial effects. Mucin feeding reflected several anti-obesity effects produced by capsaicin, suggesting that mucus modulation might play a crucial role in capsaicin-induced anti-obesity effects. 16 S rDNA sequencing and in vitro Ca2+ measurement experiments pointed to TRPV1 modulation by bacteria besides capsaicin. Capsaicin, bacteria and the host mucus system seem to act in a cyclic cascade involving TRPV1, which can be activated by capsaicin and various bacteria. These findings provide new insight into the role of TRPV1 in maintaining a healthy gut environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vibhu Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neha Mahajan
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kirti Devi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravinder Naik Dharavath
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; Humboldt Fellow (Experienced Researcher), Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankanstrasse, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Glinert A, Turjeman S, Elliott E, Koren O. Microbes, metabolites and (synaptic) malleability, oh my! The effect of the microbiome on synaptic plasticity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:582-599. [PMID: 34734461 PMCID: PMC9298272 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome influences the emotional and cognitive phenotype of its host, as well as the neurodevelopment and pathophysiology of various brain processes and disorders, via the well‐established microbiome–gut–brain axis. Rapidly accumulating data link the microbiome to severe neuropsychiatric disorders in humans, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Moreover, preclinical work has shown that perturbation of the microbiome is closely associated with social, cognitive and behavioural deficits. The potential of the microbiome as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool is currently undercut by a lack of clear mechanistic understanding of the microbiome–gut–brain axis. This review establishes the hypothesis that the mechanism by which this influence is carried out is synaptic plasticity – long‐term changes to the physical and functional neuronal structures that enable the brain to undertake learning, memory formation, emotional regulation and more. By examining the different constituents of the microbiome–gut–brain axis through the lens of synaptic plasticity, this review explores the diverse aspects by which the microbiome shapes the behaviour and mental wellbeing of the host. Key elements of this complex bi‐directional relationship include neurotransmitters, neuronal electrophysiology, immune mediators that engage with both the central and enteric nervous systems and signalling cascades that trigger long‐term potentiation of synapses. The importance of establishing mechanistic correlations along the microbiome–gut–brain axis cannot be overstated as they hold the potential for furthering current understanding regarding the vast fields of neuroscience and neuropsychiatry. This review strives to elucidate the promising theory of microbiome‐driven synaptic plasticity in the hope of enlightening current researchers and inspiring future ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Glinert
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Evan Elliott
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiang Q, Guo W, Tang X, Cui S, Zhang F, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. Capsaicin—the spicy ingredient of chili peppers: A review of the gastrointestinal effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
27
|
Benjak Horvat I, Gobin I, Kresović A, Hauser G. How can probiotic improve irritable bowel syndrome symptoms? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:923-940. [PMID: 34621470 PMCID: PMC8462084 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with several factors, and the pathophysiology involves various central and peripheral mechanisms. Most studies indicate that the management of gut microbiota could significantly affect the improvement of subjective disorders in patients with IBS. Numerous clinical trials have assessed the efficacy of probiotics for IBS with controversial conclusions. Several clinical trials have suggested that probiotics can improve global IBS symptoms, while others only improve individual IBS symptoms, such as bloating scores and abdominal pain scores. Only a few clinical trials have found no apparent effect of probiotics on IBS symptoms. Generally, probiotics appear to be safe for patients with IBS. However, the question of which probiotics should be used for certain IBS subtypes remains unresolved. In everyday practice, the dose of the recommended probiotic remains questionable, as well as how long the probiotic should be used in therapy. The use of probiotics in the M subtype and non-classified IBS is particularly problematic, in which combination therapy should be recommended due to the change in symptoms. Therefore, new approaches are needed in the design of clinical studies that should address certain subtypes of IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indira Benjak Horvat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Varaždin General Hospital, Varažin 42000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Andrea Kresović
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Goran Hauser
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oral Capsaicinoid Administration Alters the Plasma Endocannabinoidome and Fecal Microbiota of Reproductive-Aged Women Living with Overweight and Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091246. [PMID: 34572432 PMCID: PMC8471891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee KJ. The Usefulness of Symptom-based Subtypes of Functional Dyspepsia for Predicting Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Choosing Appropriate Therapeutic Agents. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 27:326-336. [PMID: 34210898 PMCID: PMC8266502 DOI: 10.5056/jnm21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered to be a heterogeneous disorder with different pathophysiological mechanisms or pathogenetic factors. In addition to traditional mechanisms, novel concepts regarding pathophysiologic mechanisms of FD have been proposed. Candidates of therapeutic agents based on novel concepts have also been suggested. FD is a symptom complex and currently diagnosed by symptom-based Rome criteria. In the Rome criteria, symptom-based subtypes of FD including postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome are recommended to be used, based on the assumption that each subtype is more homogenous in terms of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms than FD as a whole. In this review, the usefulness of symptombased subtypes of FD for predicting underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and choosing appropriate therapeutic agents was evaluated. Although several classic pathophysiologic mechanisms are suggested to be associated with individual dyspeptic symptoms, symptom-based subtypes of FD are not specific for a certain pathogenetic factor or pathophysiologic mechanism, and may be frequently associated with multiple pathophysiologic abnormalities. Novel concepts on the pathophysiology of FD show complex interactions between pathophysiologic mechanisms and pathogenetic factors, and prediction of underlying mechanisms of individual patients simply by the symptom pattern or symptom-based subtypes may not be accurate in a considerable proportion of cases. Therefore, subtyping by the Rome criteria appears to have limited value to guide therapeutic strategy, suggesting that the addition of objective parameters or subclassification reflecting physiologic or pathologic tests may be necessary for the targeted therapeutic approaches, particularly when therapeutic agents targeting novel mechanisms are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Satia I, Cusack R, Stevens C, Schlatman A, Wattie J, Mian F, Killian KJ, O'Byrne PM, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P, Gauvreau GM. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 for preventing cough in adults with mild allergic asthma: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1133-1143. [PMID: 34192396 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is a common troublesome symptom in asthma which is neuronally mediated. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM-17938 (L. reuteri DSM-17938) is a probiotic shown to be effective in pre-clinical models at suppressing neuronal responses to capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid agonist (TRPV1). OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of DSM-17938 versus matched placebo on capsaicin-evoked coughs in mild allergic asthmatics. METHODS We performed a 4-visit, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way cross-over study comparing full dose cough responses with inhaled capsaicin in mild allergic asthmatics after 1 month of treatment with DSM-17938 compared with matched placebo. Randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Histamine skin prick testing, airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammatory cells in induced sputum were measured at every visit. Blood was collected to extract PBMCs and stimulated with CD3/CD28 to ascertain the effects of DSM-17938 /placebo on T-cell cytokine responses. RESULTS Seventeen subjects were recruited and 15 completed the study (8 females, mean age 27.3 years). There was no difference in the change in maximum capsaicin-evoked coughs (Emax) after treatment with L. reuteri DSM-17938 compared with placebo [mean difference 2.07 coughs (95% CI -2.77 to 6.91, p = .38) or relative changes in geometric mean ratios for the dose evoking at least half the Emax (ED50) [1.05 (95% CI 0.31-3.58, p = .94)], concentration evoking 2 coughs (C2) [0.63 (0.26-1.53), p = .28] and 5 coughs (C5) [0.79 (0.25-2.50), p = .67]. There was no effect on histamine skin prick wheal size, intensity of itch sensation, methacholine PC20, airway inflammation or T-cell responses after stimulation with CD3/CD28. There were no serious adverse events. One subject developed a mild upper respiratory tract infection and another mild transient nausea whilst on DSM-17938. CONCLUSION In this small study in adults with mild allergic asthma, we found no evidence that L. reuteri DSM-17938 has any systemic effects on airway nerves, smooth muscle, sputum inflammatory cells, skin responses or T-cell responses after oral consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03603522.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Satia
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Cusack
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Catie Stevens
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abbey Schlatman
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wattie
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Firoz Mian
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran J Killian
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Banfi D, Moro E, Bosi A, Bistoletti M, Cerantola S, Crema F, Maggi F, Giron MC, Giaroni C, Baj A. Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1623. [PMID: 33562721 PMCID: PMC7915037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain initially termed the "gut-brain axis" and renamed the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota in sustaining local and systemic homeostasis, has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The integration of signals deriving from the host neuronal, immune, and endocrine systems with signals deriving from the microbiota may influence the development of the local inflammatory injury and impacts also more distal brain regions, underlying the psychophysiological vulnerability of IBD patients. Mood disorders and increased response to stress are frequently associated with IBD and may affect the disease recurrence and severity, thus requiring an appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to conventional anti-inflammatory treatments. This review highlights the more recent evidence suggesting that alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional communication axis may concur to IBD pathogenesis and sustain the development of both local and CNS symptoms. The participation of the main microbial-derived metabolites, also defined as "postbiotics", such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites in the development of IBD-associated gut and brain dysfunction will be discussed. The last section covers a critical evaluation of the main clinical evidence pointing to the microbiome-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD-related gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ní Dhonnabháín R, Xiao Q, O’Malley D. Aberrant Gut-To-Brain Signaling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome - The Role of Bile Acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745190. [PMID: 34917022 PMCID: PMC8669818 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common, multifactorial and have a major impact on the quality of life of individuals diagnosed with the condition. Heterogeneity in symptom manifestation, which includes changes in bowel habit and visceral pain sensitivity, are an indication of the complexity of the underlying pathophysiology. It is accepted that dysfunctional gut-brain communication, which incorporates efferent and afferent branches of the peripheral nervous system, circulating endocrine hormones and local paracrine and neurocrine factors, such as host and microbially-derived signaling molecules, underpins symptom manifestation. This review will focus on the potential role of hepatic bile acids in modulating gut-to-brain signaling in IBS patients. Bile acids are amphipathic molecules synthesized in the liver, which facilitate digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. They are also important bioactive signaling molecules however, binding to bile acid receptors which are expressed on many different cell types. Bile acids have potent anti-microbial actions and thereby shape intestinal bacterial profiles. In turn, bacteria with bile salt hydrolase activity initiate the critical first step in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Individuals with IBS are reported to have altered microbial profiles and modified bile acid pools. We have assessed the evidence to support a role for bile acids in the pathophysiology underlying the manifestation of IBS symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Ní Dhonnabháín
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dervla O’Malley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Dervla O’Malley,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Recent advances in the application of probiotic yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces, as an adjuvant therapy in the management of cancer with focus on colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:951-960. [PMID: 33389533 PMCID: PMC7778720 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today, the increasing rate of cancer-related mortality, has rendered cancer a major global challenge, and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional approaches in the treatment of cancer mainly include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these approaches still come with certain disadvantages, including drug resistance, and different side effects such as gastrointestinal (GI) irritation (e.g., diarrhea, mucositis). This has encouraged scientists to look for alternative therapeutic methods and adjuvant therapies for a more proper treatment of malignancies. Application of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of cancer appears to be a promising strategy, with several notable advantages, e.g., increased safety, higher tolerance, and negligible GI side effects. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses have indicated the active role of yeast probiotics in mitigating the rate of cancer cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis through regulating the expression of cancer-related genes and cellular pathways. Strain-specific anti-cancer activities of yeast probiotics strongly suggest that their administration along with the current cancer therapies may be an efficient method to reduce the side effects of these approaches. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of yeast probiotics in alleviating the adverse effects associated with cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rich S, Klann E, Bryant V, Richards V, Wijayabahu A, Bryant K, Mai V, Cook R. A review of potential microbiome-gut-brain axis mediated neurocognitive conditions in persons living with HIV. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100168. [PMID: 34589903 PMCID: PMC8474230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain axis, or the various interactions between the gut microbiome and the brain, has been of recent interest in the context of precision medicine research for a variety of disease states. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) experience higher degrees of neurocognitive decline than the general population, correlating with a disruption of the normal gut microbiome composition (i.e. dysbiosis). While the nature of this correlation remains to be determined, there is the potential that the microbiome-gut-brain axis contributes to the progression of this disease. Previous research has established that the pathology associated with HIV induces alterations in the composition of gut microbiome, including a shift from Bacteroides to Prevotella dominance, and compromises gut barrier integrity, which may promote microbial translocation and consequent systemic inflammation and exacerbation of neuroinflammation. Further, though the use of antiretroviral therapy has been found to partially counteract HIV-related dysbiosis, it may also induce its own dysbiosis patterns, presenting a unique challenge for this research. More recent research has suggested the gut microbiome as a target for therapeutic interventions to improve symptoms associated with a variety of disease states, including HIV. Early findings are promising and warrant further research regarding the gut microbiome as a potential modifiable factor to improve health outcomes for PLWH. This review will discuss the current knowledge concerning the neuropathogenesis of HIV in the brain, role of the gut microbiome in neuroinflammation, and the relationship between HIV-status and the gut microbiome, followed by a conclusion that synthesizes this information within the context of the microbiome-gut-brain axis among PLWH. This review will also highlight the limitations of existing studies and propose future directions of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannan Rich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily Klann
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Akemi Wijayabahu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kendall Bryant
- Alcohol and HIV/AIDS Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hegde S, Lin YM, Fu Y, Savidge T, Shi XZ. Precision Lactobacillus reuteri therapy attenuates luminal distension-associated visceral hypersensitivity by inducing peripheral opioid receptors in the colon. Pain 2020; 161:2737-2749. [PMID: 32569084 PMCID: PMC7669621 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Luminal distension and abdominal pain are major clinical hallmarks of obstructive bowel disorders and functional bowel disorders linked to gut dysbiosis. Our recent studies found that chronic lumen distension increased visceral sensitivity and decreased abundance of gut commensal Lactobacillus reuteri in a rodent model of partial colon obstruction (OB). To establish causation, we performed precision microbial therapy to assess whether recolonization of L. reuteri prevents visceral hypersensitivity in lumen distension, and if so, to identify the gut-microbiota mechanism. Lumen distension was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by implanting an OB band in the distal colon for up to 7 days. L. reuteri strains or vehicle were gavage ingested 1 × 10 colony-forming units/g daily starting 2 days before OB. L. reuteri rat strains that were able to recolonize obstructed colon significantly improved food intake and body weight in OB rats, and attenuated referred visceral hyperalgesia measured by the withdrawal response to von Frey filament applications to the abdomen. Mechanistically, L. reuteri treatment attenuated hyperexcitability of the dorsal root ganglia neurons projecting to the distended colon by promoting opioid receptor function in affected tissues. The expression of µ, δ, and κ opioid receptors was significantly downregulated in colonic muscularis externae and sensory neurons in OB rats. However, L. reuteri treatment prevented the loss of opioid receptors. Furthermore, administration of peripheral opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide abolished the analgesic effect of L. reuteri in OB. In conclusion, precision L. reuteri therapy prevents lumen distension-associated visceral hypersensitivity by local bacterial induction of opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrilakshmi Hegde
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - You-Min Lin
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tor Savidge
- Dept. of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuan-Zheng Shi
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rifaximin Improves Visceral Hyperalgesia via TRPV1 by Modulating Intestinal Flora in the Water Avoidance Stressed Rat. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4078681. [PMID: 32765600 PMCID: PMC7387964 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4078681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rifaximin is effective in relieving pain symptoms with IBS patients, although the mechanisms were not clear. The aims of the research were to investigate whether the visceral hyperalgesia was alleviated by rifaximin via TRPV1 channel in rats. Methods Rats were subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) and were pretreated with rifaximin by oral gavage. The visceromotor response to colorectal distension was measured. The changes of TRPV1 in peripheral and central neurons of rats were detected by immunofluorescence, western blot method, and RT-PCR. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA in ileal contents was assessed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The effect of intestinal flora on TRPV1 channel was observed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) methods. Results Rifaximin could relieve the visceral hyperalgesia and reduce the TRPV1 expression of neurons and ileum mucosa in rats induced by WAS. The reduced relative abundance of intestinal flora induced by WAS could be partly prevented by rifaximin. The electromyographical activities and immunoreactivity of TRPV1 in rats could be changed after FMT. Conclusions Rifaximin could improve visceral hyperalgesia via TRPV1 channels of peripheral and central neurons by modulating intestinal flora in rats.
Collapse
|
37
|
Butler É, Lundqvist C, Axelsson J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071026. [PMID: 32664536 PMCID: PMC7409218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and live Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing live L. reuteri DSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éile Butler
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of health and society, Department of Health Biomedical, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 25, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Axelsson
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Giaroni C, Baj A. Tryptophan Metabolites Along the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: An Interkingdom Communication System Influencing the Gut in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920928984. [PMID: 32577079 PMCID: PMC7290275 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920928984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘microbiota-gut-brain axis’ plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis, and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom communication system between eukaryota and prokaryota. The essential aminoacid tryptophan, as a precursor of several molecules acting at the interface between the host and the microbiota, is fundamental in the modulation of this bidirectional communication axis. In the gut, tryptophan undergoes 3 major metabolic pathways, the 5-HT, kynurenine, and AhR ligand pathways, which may be directly or indirectly controlled by the saprophytic flora. The importance of tryptophan metabolites in the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested by several preclinical and clinical studies; however, a thorough revision of the available literature has not been accomplished yet. Thus, this review attempts to cover the major aspects on the role of tryptophan metabolites in host-microbiota cross-talk underlaying regulation of gut functions in health conditions and during disease states, with particular attention to 2 major gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both characterized by psychiatric disorders. Research in this area opens the possibility to target tryptophan metabolism to ameliorate the knowledge on the pathogenesis of both diseases, as well as to discover new therapeutic strategies based either on conventional pharmacological approaches or on the use of pre- and probiotics to manipulate the microbial flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, Sharkey KA, Altier C, Nasser Y. Colitis-Induced Microbial Perturbation Promotes Postinflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:225-244. [PMID: 32289500 PMCID: PMC7301239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite achieving endoscopic remission, more than 20% of inflammatory bowel disease patients experience chronic abdominal pain. These patients have increased rectal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) expression, a key transducer of inflammatory pain. Because inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission exhibit dysbiosis and microbial manipulation alters TRPV1 function, our goal was to examine whether microbial perturbation modulated transient receptor potential function in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and were allowed to recover. The microbiome was perturbed by using antibiotics as well as fecal microbial transplant (FMT). Visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention and using hot plate/automated Von Frey tests, respectively. Calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglia neurons was used as an in vitro correlate of nociception. The microbiome composition was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene variable region V4 amplicon sequencing, whereas fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by using targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Postinflammatory DSS mice developed visceral and somatic hyperalgesia. Antibiotic administration during DSS recovery induced visceral, but not somatic, hyperalgesia independent of inflammation. FMT of postinflammatory DSS stool into antibiotic-treated mice increased visceral hypersensitivity, whereas FMT of control stool reversed antibiotics' sensitizing effects. Postinflammatory mice exhibited both increased SCFA-producing species and fecal acetate/butyrate content compared with controls. Capsaicin-evoked calcium responses were increased in naive dorsal root ganglion neurons incubated with both sodium butyrate/propionate alone and with colonic supernatants derived from postinflammatory mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome plays a central role in postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Microbial-derived SCFAs can sensitize nociceptive neurons and may contribute to the pathogenesis of postinflammatory visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Lilian Basso
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Nina Cluny
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Microbiology, Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bharwani A, West C, Champagne-Jorgensen K, McVey Neufeld KA, Ruberto J, Kunze WA, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P. The vagus nerve is necessary for the rapid and widespread neuronal activation in the brain following oral administration of psychoactive bacteria. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108067. [PMID: 32224131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that certain gut microbes modulate brain chemistry and have antidepressant-like behavioural effects. However, it is unclear which brain regions respond to bacteria-derived signals or how signals are transmitted to distinct regions. We investigated the role of the vagus in mediating neuronal activation following oral treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1). Male Balb/c mice were orally administered a single dose of saline or a live or heat-killed preparation of a physiologically active bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1). 165 min later, c-Fos immunoreactivity in the brain was mapped, and mesenteric vagal afferent fibre firing was recorded. Mice also underwent sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy to investigate whether severing the vagus prevented JB-1-induced c-Fos expression. Finally, we examined the ΔFosB response following acute versus chronic bacterial treatment. While a single exposure to live and heat-killed bacteria altered vagal activity, only live treatment induced rapid neural activation in widespread but distinct brain regions, as assessed by c-Fos expression. Sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy abolished c-Fos immunoreactivity in most, but not all, previously responsive regions. Chronic, but not acute treatment induced a distinct pattern of ΔFosB expression, including in previously unresponsive brain regions. These data identify that specific brain regions respond rapidly to gut microbes via vagal-dependent and independent pathways, and demonstrate that acute versus long-term exposure is associated with differential responses in distinct brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Bharwani
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Christine West
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joseph Ruberto
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen Y, Mu J, Zhu M, Mukherjee A, Zhang H. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32153564 PMCID: PMC7044176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are present in abundance across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, serving as detectors for a variety of stimuli and secondary transducers for G-protein coupled receptors. The activation of TRP channels triggers neurogenic inflammation with related neuropeptides and initiates immune reactions by extra-neuronally regulating immune cells, contributing to the GI homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), TRP channels are involved in intestinal inflammation. An increasing number of human and animal studies have indicated that TRP channels are correlated to the visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) and immune pathogenesis in IBD, leading to an exacerbation or amelioration of the VHS or intestinal inflammation. Thus, TRP channels are a promising target for novel therapeutic methods for IBD. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of TRP channels, especially their potential roles in immunity and IBD. Additionally, we discuss the contradictory findings of prior studies and offer new insights with regard to future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxi Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kigerl KA, Zane K, Adams K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. The spinal cord-gut-immune axis as a master regulator of health and neurological function after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 323:113085. [PMID: 31654639 PMCID: PMC6918675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most spinal cord injury (SCI) research programs focus only on the injured spinal cord with the goal of restoring locomotor function by overcoming mechanisms of cell death or axon regeneration failure. Given the importance of the spinal cord as a locomotor control center and the public perception that paralysis is the defining feature of SCI, this "spinal-centric" focus is logical. Unfortunately, such a focus likely will not yield new discoveries that reverse other devastating consequences of SCI including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, bladder/bowel dysfunction and infection. The current review considers how SCI changes the physiological interplay between the spinal cord, the gut and the immune system. A suspected culprit in causing many of the pathological manifestations of impaired spinal cord-gut-immune axis homeostasis is the gut microbiota. After SCI, the composition of the gut microbiota changes, creating a chronic state of gut "dysbiosis". To date, much of what we know about gut dysbiosis was learned from 16S-based taxonomic profiling studies that reveal changes in the composition and abundance of various bacteria. However, this approach has limitations and creates taxonomic "blindspots". Notably, only bacteria can be analyzed. Thus, in this review we also discuss how the application of emerging sequencing technologies can improve our understanding of how the broader ecosystem in the gut is affected by SCI. Specifically, metagenomics will provide researchers with a more comprehensive look at post-injury changes in the gut virome (and mycome). Metagenomics also allows changes in microbe population dynamics to be linked to specific microbial functions that can affect the development and progression of metabolic disease, immune dysfunction and affective disorders after SCI. As these new tools become more readily available and used across the research community, the development of an "ecogenomic" toolbox will facilitate an Eco-Systems Biology approach to study the complex interplay along the spinal cord-gut-immune axis after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Kigerl
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Kia Adams
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology, Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mohajeri MH, La Fata G, Steinert RE, Weber P. Relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:481-496. [PMID: 29701810 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident in recent years that the gut microbiome and the brain communicate in a bidirectional manner, with each possibly affecting the other's functions. Substantial research has aimed to understand the mechanisms of this interaction and to outline strategies for preventing or treating nervous system-related disturbances. This review explores the evidence demonstrating how the gut microbiome may affect brain function in adults, thereby having an impact on stress, anxiety, depression, and cognition. In vitro, in vivo, and human studies reporting an association between a change in the gut microbiome and functional changes in the brain are highlighted, as are studies outlining the mechanisms by which the brain affects the microbiome and the gastrointestinal tract. Possible modes of action to explain how the gut microbiome and the brain functionally affect each other are proposed. Supplemental probiotics to combat brain-related dysfunction offer a promising approach, provided future research elucidates their mode of action and possible side effects. Further studies are warranted to establish how pre- and probiotic interventions may help to balance brain function in healthy and diseased individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hasan Mohajeri
- Department of Human Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio La Fata
- Department of Human Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- Department of Human Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Weber
- Department of Human Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:637-654. [PMID: 31551115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral pain, whereas recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota may also play a critical role in many other types of chronic pain, including inflammatory pain, headache, neuropathic pain, and opioid tolerance. We present a narrative review of the current understanding on the role of gut microbiota in pain regulation and discuss the possibility of targeting gut microbiota for the management of chronic pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from gut microbiota, such as by-products of microbiota, metabolites, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, act on their receptors and remarkably regulate the peripheral and central sensitisation, which in turn mediate the development of chronic pain. Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve as critical modulators for the induction of peripheral sensitisation, directly or indirectly regulating the excitability of primary nociceptive neurones. In the central nervous system, gut microbiota-derived mediators may regulate neuroinflammation, which involves the activation of cells in the blood-brain barrier, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells, to modulate induction and maintenance of central sensitisation. Thus, we propose that gut microbiota regulates pain in the peripheral and central nervous system, and targeting gut microbiota by diet and pharmabiotic intervention may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of chronic pain.
Collapse
|
46
|
West CL, Amin JY, Farhin S, Stanisz AM, Mao YK, Kunze WA. Colonic Motility and Jejunal Vagal Afferent Firing Rates Are Decreased in Aged Adult Male Mice and Can Be Restored by an Aminosterol. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:955. [PMID: 31551703 PMCID: PMC6746984 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general decline in gastrointestinal function in old age including decreased intestinal motility, sensory signaling, and afferent sensitivity. There is also increased prevalence of significant constipation in aged populations. We hypothesized this may be linked to reduced colonic motility and alterations in vagal-gut-brain sensory signaling. Using in vitro preparations from young (3 months) and old (18–24 months) male CD1 mice we report functional age-related differences in colonic motility and jejunal mesenteric afferent firing. Furthermore, we tested the effect of the aminosterol squalamine on colonic motility and jejunal vagal firing rate. Old mice had significantly reduced velocity of colonic migrating motor complexes (MMC) by 27% compared to young mice (p = 0.0161). Intraluminal squalamine increased colonic MMC velocity by 31% in old mice (p = 0.0150), which also had significantly reduced mesenteric afferent single-unit firing rates from the jejunum by 51% (p < 0.0001). The jejunal vagal afferent firing rate was reduced in aged mice by 62% (p = 0.0004). While the time to peak response to squalamine was longer in old mice compared to young mice (18.82 ± 1.37 min vs. 12.95 ± 0.99 min; p = 0.0182), it significantly increased vagal afferent firing rate by 36 and 56% in young and old mice, respectively (p = 0.0006, p = 0.0013). Our results show for the first time that the jejunal vagal afferent firing rate is reduced in aged-mice. They also suggest that there is translational potential for the therapeutic use of squalamine in the treatment of age-related constipation and dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L West
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Y Amin
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sohana Farhin
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Stanisz
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Kang Mao
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lomax AE, Pradhananga S, Sessenwein JL, O'Malley D. Bacterial modulation of visceral sensation: mediators and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G363-G372. [PMID: 31290688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of the intestinal microbiota in modulating visceral pain has received increasing attention during recent years. This has led to the identification of signaling pathways that have been implicated in communication between gut bacteria and peripheral pain pathways. In addition to the well-characterized impact of the microbiota on the immune system, which in turn affects nociceptor excitability, bacteria can modulate visceral afferent pathways by effects on enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and the neurons themselves. Proteases produced by bacteria, or by host cells in response to bacteria, can increase or decrease the excitability of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons depending on the receptor activated. Short-chain fatty acids generated by colonic bacteria are involved in gut-brain communication, and intracolonic short-chain fatty acids have pronociceptive effects in rodents but may be antinociceptive in humans. Gut bacteria modulate the synthesis and release of enteroendocrine cell mediators, including serotonin and glucagon-like peptide-1, which activate extrinsic afferent neurons. Deciphering the complex interactions between visceral afferent neurons and the gut microbiota may lead to the development of improved probiotic therapies for visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabindra Pradhananga
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Sessenwein
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Du Q, Liao Q, Chen C, Yang X, Xie R, Xu J. The Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in Common Diseases of the Digestive Tract and the Cardiovascular and Respiratory System. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1064. [PMID: 31496955 PMCID: PMC6712094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), a member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel family, is a nonselective cation channel that is widely expressed in sensory nerve fibers and nonneuronal cells, including certain vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The activation of TRPV1 may be involved in the regulation of various physiological functions, such as the release of inflammatory mediators in the body, gastrointestinal motility function, and temperature regulation. In recent years, a large number of studies have revealed that TRPV1 plays an important role in the physiological and pathological conditions of the digestive system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system, but there is no systematic report on TRPV1. The objective of this review is to explain the function and effects of TRPV1 on specific diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, hypertension, and asthma, and to further investigate the intrinsic relationship between the expression and function of TRPV1 in those diseases to find new therapeutic targets for the cure of related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Di Marzo V, Silvestri C. Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081956. [PMID: 31434293 PMCID: PMC6722643 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle is a well-known environmental factor that plays a major role in facilitating the development of metabolic syndrome or eventually exacerbating its consequences. Various lifestyle factors, especially changes in dietary habits, extreme temperatures, unusual light-dark cycles, substance abuse, and other stressful factors, are also established modifiers of the endocannabinoid system and its extended version, the endocannabinoidome. The endocannabinoidome is a complex lipid signaling system composed of a plethora (>100) of fatty acid-derived mediators and their receptors and anabolic and catabolic enzymes (>50 proteins) which are deeply involved in the control of energy metabolism and its pathological deviations. A strong link between the endocannabinoidome and another major player in metabolism and dysmetabolism, the gut microbiome, is also emerging. Here, we review several examples of how lifestyle modifications (westernized diets, lack or presence of certain nutritional factors, physical exercise, and the use of cannabis) can modulate the propensity to develop metabolic syndrome by modifying the crosstalk between the endocannabinoidome and the gut microbiome and, hence, how lifestyle interventions can provide new therapies against cardiometabolic risk by ensuring correct functioning of both these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Marzo
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the relationship between gut microbiota and disease states has grown considerably. Indeed, several strategies have been employed to modify the microbiome through the administration of different diets, by the administration of antibiotics or probiotics, or even by transplantation of feces. In the present manuscript, we focus specifically on the potential application of probiotics, which seem to be a safe strategy, in the management of digestive, pain, and emotional disorders. We present evidence from animal models and human studies, notwithstanding that translation to clinic still deserves further investigation. The microbiome influences gut functions as well as neurological activity by a variety of mechanisms, which are also discussed. The design and performance of larger trials is urgently needed to verify whether these new strategies might be useful not only for the treatment of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract but also in the management of emotional and pain disorders not directly related to the gut.
Collapse
|