1
|
Takano T, Yule DI. Neuronal and hormonal control of Ca 2+ signalling in exocrine glands: insight from in vivo studies. J Physiol 2024; 602:3341-3350. [PMID: 38847391 PMCID: PMC11250672 DOI: 10.1113/jp285461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluid and enzyme secretion from exocrine glands is initiated by Ca2+ signalling in acinar cells and is activated by external neural or hormonal signals. A wealth of information has been derived from studies in acutely isolated exocrine cells but Ca2+ signalling has until recently not been studied in undisrupted intact tissue in live mice. Our in vivo observations using animals expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in specific cell types in exocrine glands revealed both similarities to and differences from the spatiotemporal characteristics previously reported in isolated cells. These in vivo studies facilitate further understanding of how both neuronal and hormonal input shapes Ca2+ signalling events in a physiological setting and how these signals are translated into the stimulation of fluid secretion and exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song EAC, Chung SH, Kim JH. Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12969. [PMID: 38192116 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca2+ -signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca2+ /protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yule DI, Takano T. Pacing intracellular Ca 2+ signals in exocrine acinar cells. J Physiol 2024:10.1113/JP284755. [PMID: 38197224 PMCID: PMC11233423 DOI: 10.1113/jp284755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular [Ca2+ ] in exocrine acinar cells resident in the salivary glands or pancreas is a fundamental event that drives fluid secretion and exocytosis of proteins. Stimulation with secretagogues initiates Ca2+ signals with precise spatiotemporal properties thought to be important for driving physiological output. Both in vitro, in acutely isolated acini, and in vivo, in animals expressing genetically encoded indicators, individual cells appear specialized to initiate Ca2+ signals upon stimulation. Furthermore, these signals appear to spread to neighbouring cells. These properties are present in the absence of a conventional pacemaker mechanism dependent on the cyclical activation of Ca2+ -dependent or Ca2+ -conducting plasma membrane ion channels. In this article, we propose a model for 'pacing' intracellular Ca2+ signals in acinar cells based on the enhanced sensitivity of a subpopulation of individual cells and the intercellular diffusion through gap junctions of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca2+ to neighbouring cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526. USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526. USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Son GY, Zou A, Wahl A, Huang KT, Vinu M, Zorgit S, Zhou F, Wagner L, Idaghdour Y, Yule DI, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Loss of STIM1 and STIM2 in salivary glands disrupts ANO1 function but does not induce Sjogren's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574702. [PMID: 38260625 PMCID: PMC10802497 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sjogren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), lymphocytic infiltration into salivary glands and the presence of SSA and SSB autoantibodies. Xerostomia is caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands and has been involved in the development of SjD. Saliva production is regulated by parasympathetic input into the glands initiating intracellular Ca 2+ signals that activate the store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) pathway eliciting sustained Ca 2+ influx. SOCE is mediated by the STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and the ORAI1 Ca 2+ channel. However, there are no studies on the effects of lack of STIM1/2 function in salivary acini in animal models and its impact on SjD. Here we report that male and female mice lacking Stim1 and Stim2 ( Stim1/2 K14Cre ) in salivary glands showed reduced intracellular Ca 2+ levels via SOCE in parotid acini and hyposalivate upon pilocarpine stimulation. Bulk RNASeq of the parotid glands of Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed a decrease in the expression of Stim1/2 but no other Ca 2+ associated genes mediating saliva fluid secretion. SOCE was however functionally required for the activation of the Ca 2+ activated chloride channel ANO1. Despite hyposalivation, ageing Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the glands or elevated levels of SSA or SSB autoantibodies in the serum, which may be linked to the downregulation of the toll-like receptor 8 ( Tlr8 ). By contrast, salivary gland biopsies of SjD patients showed increased STIM1 and TLR8 expression, and induction of SOCE in a salivary gland cell line increased the expression of TLR8 . Our data demonstrate that SOCE is an important activator of ANO1 function and saliva fluid secretion in salivary glands. They also provide a novel link between SOCE and TLR8 signaling which may explain why loss of SOCE does not result in SjD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim YJ. Xerostomia: Advances and Challenges in Drug Development. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:301-305. [PMID: 38424432 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501293941240228050343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wahl AM, Takano T, Su S, Warner BM, Perez P, Sneyd J, Yule DI. Structural and functional analysis of salivary intercalated duct cells reveals a secretory phenotype. J Physiol 2023; 601:4539-4556. [PMID: 37724716 PMCID: PMC10591963 DOI: 10.1113/jp285104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, all salivary ducts (intercalated, striated and collecting) are assumed to function broadly in a similar manner, reclaiming ions that were secreted by the secretory acinar cells while preserving fluid volume and delivering saliva to the oral cavity. Nevertheless, there has been minimal investigation into the structural and functional differences between distinct types of salivary duct cells. Therefore, in this study, the expression profile of proteins involved in stimulus-secretion coupling, as well as the function of the intercalated duct (ID) and striated duct cells, was examined. Particular focus was placed on defining differences between distinct duct cell populations. To accomplish this, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were utilized to examine the localization and expression of proteins involved in reabsorption and secretion of ions and fluid. Further, in vivo calcium imaging was employed to investigate cellular function. Based on the protein expression profile and functional data, marked differences between the IDs and striated ducts were observed. Specifically, the ID cells express proteins native to the secretory acinar cells while lacking proteins specifically expressed in the striated ducts. Further, the ID and striated duct cells display different calcium signalling characteristics, with the IDs responding to a neural stimulus in a manner similar to the acinar cells. Overall, our data suggest that the IDs have a distinct role in the secretory process, separate from the reabsorptive striated ducts. Instead, based on our evidence, the IDs express proteins found in secretory cells, generate calcium signals in a manner similar to acinar cells, and, therefore, are likely secretory cells. KEY POINTS: Current studies examining salivary intercalated duct cells are limited, with minimal documentation of the ion transport machinery and the overall role of the cells in fluid generation. Salivary intercalated duct cells are presumed to function in the same manner as other duct cells, reclaiming ions, maintaining fluid volume and delivering the final saliva to the oral cavity. Here we systematically examine the structure and function of the salivary intercalated duct cells using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and by monitoring in vivo Ca2+ dynamics. Structural data revealed that the intercalated duct cells lack proteins vital for reabsorption and express proteins necessary for secretion. Ca2+ dynamics in the intercalated duct cells were consistent with those observed in secretory cells and resulted from GPCR-mediated IP3 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DeLouise L, Piraino L, Chen CY, Mereness J, Dunman P, Benoit D, Ovitt C. Identifying novel radioprotective drugs via salivary gland tissue chip screening. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3246405. [PMID: 37790388 PMCID: PMC10543286 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3246405/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
During head and neck cancer treatment, off-target ionizing radiation damage to the salivary glands commonly causes a permanent loss of secretory function. Due to the resulting decrease in saliva production, patients have trouble eating, speaking and are predisposed to oral infections and tooth decay. While the radioprotective antioxidant drug Amifostine is FDA approved to prevent radiation-induced hyposalivation, it has intolerable side effects that limit its use, motivating the discovery of alternative therapeutics. To address this issue, we previously developed a salivary gland mimetic (SGm) tissue chip platform. Here, we leverage this SGm tissue chip for high-content drug discovery. First, we developed in-chip assays to quantify glutathione and cellular senescence (β-galactosidase), which are biomarkers of radiation damage, and we validated radioprotection using WR-1065, the active form of Amifostine. Other reported radioprotective drugs including Edaravone, Tempol, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Rapamycin, Ex-Rad, and Palifermin were also tested to validate the ability of the assays to detect cell damage and radioprotection. All of the drugs except NAC and Ex-Rad exhibited robust radioprotection. Next, a Selleck Chemicals library of 438 FDA-approved drugs was screened for radioprotection. We discovered 25 hits, with most of the drugs identified exhibiting mechanisms of action other than antioxidant activity. Hits were down-selected using EC50 values and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from the PubChem database. This led us to test Phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), Enoxacin (antibiotic), and Doripenem (antibiotic) for in vivo radioprotection in mice using retroductal injections. Results confirm that Phenylbutazone and Enoxacin exhibited radioprotection equivalent to Amifostine. This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a SGm tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful in vitro discovery and in vivo validation of novel radioprotective drugs with non-antioxidant primary indications pointing to possible, yet unknown novel mechanisms of radioprotection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim A, Kim AR, Jeon YE, Yoo YJ, Yang YM, Bak EJ. TRPC expression in human periodontal ligament cells and the periodontal tissue of periodontitis mice: a preliminary study. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:19. [PMID: 37653550 PMCID: PMC10472569 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective cationic channels with permeability to Ca2+ and Na+. Despite their importance, there are currently few studies on TRPC in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone cells in the dental field. To provide biological information regarding TRPC in PDL cells and periodontal tissue, we evaluated TRPC channels expression in the osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells and periodontitis-induced tissue. Human PDL cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation media for 28 days, and the expression of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and TRPC1, 3, 4, and 6 was evaluated by real-time PCR. In ligature-induced periodontitis mice, the alveolar bone and osteoid areas, the osteoclast number, and the expression of Runx2, OCN, TRPC3, and TRPC6 was evaluated by H&E staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In the PDL cell differentiation group, TRPC6 expression peaked on day 7 and TRPC3 expression generally increased during differentiation. During the 28 days of periodontitis progression, alveolar bone loss and osteoclast numbers increased compared to the control group during the experimental period and the osteoid area increased from day 14. TRPC6 expression in the periodontitis group increased in the PDL area and in the osteoblasts compared to the control group, whereas TRPC3 expression increased only in the PDL area on days 7 and 28. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate changes of TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression in PDL cells that were differentiating into osteoblasts and in periodontitis-induced tissue, suggesting the need for research on the role of TRPC in osteoblast differentiation or periodontitis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aeryun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Oral Health Research Institute, Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Bucheon, 14642, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Eui Jeon
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Z, Chen X, Zhu B, Yu H, Bao X, Hou Y, Song W, Sun S, Li Z. TGF-β1 Triggers Salivary Hypofunction via Attenuating Protein Secretion and AQP5 Expression in Human Submandibular Gland Cells. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2803-2813. [PMID: 37549151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related salivary gland degeneration usually causes poor oral health. Periductal fibrosis frequently occurs in the submandibular gland of the elderly. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is the primary driving factor for fibrosis, which exhibits an increase in the fibrotic submandibular gland tissue. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on the human submandibular gland (HSG) cell secretory function and its influences on aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expressions and distribution. We found that TGF-β1 reduces the protein secretion amount of HSG and leads to the abundance alteration of 151 secretory proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD043185. The majority of HSG secretory proteins (84.11%) could be matched to the human saliva proteome. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 enhances the expression of COL4A2, COL5A1, COL7A1, COL1A1, COL2A1, and α-SMA, hinting that TGF-β1 possesses the potential to drive HSG fibrosis-related events. Besides, TGF-β1 also attenuates the AQP5 expression and its membrane distribution in HSGs. The percentage for TGF-β1-induced AQP5 reduction (52.28%) is much greater than that of the TGF-β1-induced secretory protein concentration reduction (16.53%). Taken together, we concluded that TGF-β1 triggers salivary hypofunction via attenuating protein secretion and AQP5 expression in HSGs, which may be associated with TGF-β1-driven fibrosis events in HSGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqin Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Bojing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Bao
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yao Hou
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Wanghua Song
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piraino L, Chen CY, Mereness J, Dunman PM, Ovitt C, Benoit D, DeLouise L. Identifying novel radioprotective drugs via salivary gland tissue chip screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548707. [PMID: 37503292 PMCID: PMC10369976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
During head and neck cancer treatment, off-target ionizing radiation damage to the salivary glands commonly causes a permanent loss of secretory function. Due to the resulting decrease in saliva production, patients have trouble eating, speaking and are predisposed to oral infections and tooth decay. While the radioprotective antioxidant drug Amifostine is approved to prevent radiation-induced hyposalivation, it has intolerable side effects that limit its use, motivating the discovery of alternative therapeutics. To address this issue, we previously developed a salivary gland mimetic (SGm) tissue chip platform. Here, we leverage this SGm tissue chip for high-content drug discovery. First, we developed in-chip assays to quantify glutathione and cellular senescence (β-galactosidase), which are biomarkers of radiation damage, and we validated radioprotection using WR-1065, the active form of Amifostine. Following validation, we tested other reported radioprotective drugs, including, Edaravone, Tempol, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Rapamycin, Ex-Rad, and Palifermin, confirming that all drugs but NAC and Ex-Rad exhibited robust radioprotection. Next, a Selleck Chemicals library of 438 FDA-approved drugs was screened for radioprotection. We discovered 25 hits, with most of the drugs identified with mechanisms of action other than antioxidant activity. Hits were down-selected using EC 50 values and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data from the PubChem database leading to testing of Phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), Enoxacin (antibiotic), and Doripenem (antibiotic) for in vivo radioprotection in mice using retroductal injections. Results confirm that Phenylbutazone and Enoxacin exhibited equivalent radioprotection to Amifostine. This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a SGm tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful in vitro discovery and in vivo validation of novel radioprotective drugs with nonantioxidant primary indications pointing to possible, yet unknown novel mechanisms of radioprotection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee J, Kim S, Lee B, Kim YB, Kim KH, Chung G, Lee SJ, Lee S, Sun W, Park HK, Choi SY. Major depression-related factor NEGR1 controls salivary secretion in mouse submandibular glands. iScience 2023; 26:106773. [PMID: 37216094 PMCID: PMC10196562 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cells, which secrete water in response to neuronal stimulation, are closely connected to other neurons. Transcriptomic studies show that salivary glands also express some proteins responsible for neuronal function. However, the physiological functions of these common neuro-exocrine factors in salivary glands are largely unknown. Here, we studied the function of Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) in the salivary gland cells. NEGR1 was also expressed in mouse and human salivary glands. The structure of salivary glands of Negr1 knockout (KO) mice was normal. Negr1 KO mice showed tempered carbachol- or thapsigargin-induced intracellular Ca2+ increases and store-operated Ca2+ entry. Of interest, the activity of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK channel) was increased, whereas Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1 channel activity was not altered in Negr1 KO mice. Pilocarpine- and carbachol-induced salivation was decreased in Negr1 KO mice. These results suggest that NEGR1 influence salivary secretion though the muscarinic Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Bin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Chauhan A, Sukumaran P, Chauhan P, Ambrus JL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM, Muniswamy M, Mishra BB, Singh BB. Targeting alarmin release reverses Sjogren's syndrome phenotype by revitalizing Ca 2+ signalling. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1228. [PMID: 37006181 PMCID: PMC10068318 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is embodied by the loss of salivary gland function and immune cell infiltration, but the mechanism(s) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms and identify key factors that leads to the development and progression of pSS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining, FACS analysis and cytokine levels were used to detect immune cells infiltration and activation in salivary glands. RNA sequencing was performed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of pSS. The function assays include in vivo saliva collection along with calcium imaging and electrophysiology on isolated salivary gland cells in mice models of pSS. Western blotting, real-time PCR, alarmin release, and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the channels involved in salivary function in pSS. RESULTS We provide evidence that loss of Ca2+ signaling precedes a decrease in saliva secretion and/or immune cell infiltration in IL14α, a mouse model for pSS. We also showed that Ca2+ homeostasis was mediated by transient receptor potential canonical-1 (TRPC1) channels and inhibition of TRPC1, resulting in the loss of salivary acinar cells, which promoted alarmin release essential for immune cell infiltration/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both IL14α and samples from human pSS patients showed a decrease in TRPC1 expression and increased acinar cell death. Finally, paquinimod treatment in IL14α restored Ca2+ homeostasis that inhibited alarmin release thereby reverting the pSS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that loss of Ca2+ signaling is one of the initial factors, which induces loss of salivary gland function along with immune infiltration that exaggerates pSS. Importantly, restoration of Ca2+ signaling upon paquinimod treatment reversed the pSS phenotype thereby inhibiting the progressive development of pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - Arun Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Madesh Muniswamy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim YJ. Xerostomia and Its Cellular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065358. [PMID: 36982432 PMCID: PMC10049126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia, the subjective feeling of a dry mouth associated with dysfunction of the salivary glands, is mainly caused by radiation and chemotherapy, various systemic and autoimmune diseases, and drugs. As saliva plays numerous essential roles in oral and systemic health, xerostomia significantly reduces quality of life, but its prevalence is increasing. Salivation mainly depends on parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, and the salivary glands responsible for this secretion move fluid unidirectionally through structural features such as the polarity of acinar cells. Saliva secretion is initiated by the binding of released neurotransmitters from nerves to specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on acinar cells. This signal induces two intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pathways (Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane), and this increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) causes the translocation of the water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) to the apical membrane. Consequently, the GPCR-mediated increased [Ca2+]i in acinar cells promotes saliva secretion, and this saliva moves into the oral cavity through the ducts. In this review, we seek to elucidate the potential of GPCRs, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and AQP5, which are essential for salivation, as cellular targets in the etiology of xerostomia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manning D, Dart C, Evans RL. Store-operated calcium channels in skin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033528. [PMID: 36277201 PMCID: PMC9581152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that acts as a protective layer against the external environment. It protects the internal tissues from harmful agents, dehydration, ultraviolet radiation and physical injury as well as conferring thermoregulatory control, sensation, immunological surveillance and various biochemical functions. The diverse cell types that make up the skin include 1) keratinocytes, which form the bulk of the protective outer layer; 2) melanocytes, which protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by secreting the pigment melanin; and 3) cells that form the secretory appendages: eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the sebaceous gland. Emerging evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), whereby depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, is central to the normal physiology of these cells and thus skin function. Numerous skin pathologies including dermatitis, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hyperhidrosis, hair loss and cancer are now linked to dysfunction in SOCE proteins. Principal amongst these are the stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) that sense Ca2+ depletion and Orai channels that mediate Ca2+ influx. In this review, the roles of STIM, Orai and other store-operated channels are discussed in the context of keratinocyte differentiation, melanogenesis, and eccrine sweat secretion. We explore not only STIM1-Orai1 as drivers of SOCE, but also independent actions of STIM, and emerging signal cascades stemming from their activities. Roles are discussed for the elusive transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) complex in keratinocytes, Orai channels in Ca2+-cyclic AMP signal crosstalk in melanocytes, and Orai isoforms in eccrine sweat gland secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Evans
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Richard L Evans,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Optimizing Soluble Cues for Salivary Gland Tissue Mimetics Using a Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach. Cells 2022; 11:1962. [PMID: 35741092 PMCID: PMC9222211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapies to prevent or treat salivary gland dysfunction has been limited by a lack of functional in vitro models. Specifically, critical markers of salivary gland secretory phenotype downregulate rapidly ex vivo. Here, we utilize a salivary gland tissue chip model to conduct a design of experiments (DoE) approach to test combinations of seven soluble cues that were previously shown to maintain or improve salivary gland cell function. This approach uses statistical techniques to improve efficiency and accuracy of combinations of factors. The DoE-designed culture conditions improve markers of salivary gland function. Data show that the EGFR inhibitor, EKI-785, maintains relative mRNA expression of Mist1, a key acinar cell transcription factor, while FGF10 and neurturin promote mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Tmem16a, channel proteins involved in secretion. Mist1 mRNA expression correlates with increased secretory function, including calcium signaling and mucin (PAS-AB) staining. Overall, this study demonstrates that media conditions can be efficiently optimized to support secretory function in vitro using a DoE approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Physiological Overview of the Potential Link between the UPS and Ca2+ Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050997. [PMID: 35624861 PMCID: PMC9137615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the main proteolytic pathway by which damaged target proteins are degraded after ubiquitination and the recruit of ubiquitinated proteins, thus regulating diverse physiological functions and the maintenance in various tissues and cells. Ca2+ signaling is raised by oxidative or ER stress. Although the basic function of the UPS has been extensively elucidated and has been continued to define its mechanism, the precise relationship between the UPS and Ca2+ signaling remains unclear. In the present review, we describe the relationship between the UPS and Ca2+ signaling, including Ca2+-associated proteins, to understand the end point of oxidative stress. The UPS modulates Ca2+ signaling via the degradation of Ca2+-related proteins, including Ca2+ channels and transporters. Conversely, the modulation of UPS is driven by increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The multifaceted relationship between the UPS and Ca2+ plays critical roles in different tissue systems. Thus, we highlight the potential crosstalk between the UPS and Ca2+ signaling by providing an overview of the UPS in different organ systems and illuminating the relationship between the UPS and autophagy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Lyu Y, Wang H. TRP Channels as Molecular Targets to Relieve Endocrine-Related Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895814. [PMID: 35573736 PMCID: PMC9095829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodal channels capable of sensing environmental stimuli, which are widely expressed on the plasma membrane of cells and play an essential role in the physiological or pathological processes of cells as sensors. TRPs often form functional homo- or heterotetramers that act as cation channels to flow Na+ and Ca2+, change membrane potential and [Ca2+]i (cytosolic [Ca2+]), and change protein expression levels, channel attributes, and regulatory factors. Under normal circumstances, various TRP channels respond to intracellular and extracellular stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, chemicals, cytokines, and cell damage and depletion of Ca2+ reserves. As cation transport channels and physical and chemical stimulation receptors, TRPs play an important role in regulating secretion, interfering with cell proliferation, and affecting neural activity in these glands and their adenocarcinoma cells. Many studies have proved that TRPs are widely distributed in the pancreas, adrenal gland, and other glands. This article reviews the specific regulatory mechanisms of various TRP channels in some common glands (pancreas, salivary gland, lacrimal gland, adrenal gland, mammary gland, gallbladder, and sweat gland).
Collapse
|
18
|
Takano T, Yule DI. In vivo Ca 2+ Imaging in Mouse Salivary Glands. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4380. [PMID: 35530515 PMCID: PMC9018428 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intracellular calcium drive exocrine cell activity. In the salivary gland, acetylcholine released from parasympathetic neurons mobilizes endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores in acinar cells, which consequently initiates saliva secretion. However, our understanding of the signaling cascade is mainly based on ex vivo studies performed in enzymatically isolated cells. The dissociation process likely disrupts the extracellular matrix, removes neurons as the source of signal input, and disturbs the integrity of tight and gap junctional acinar connections. These alterations may affect the spatiotemporal properties of calcium signaling events. In vivo observations of calcium signals, where tissue organization is intact, are therefore important to establish the characteristics of physiological calcium signals that are crucial for the stimulation of fluid secretion. Here, we present a detailed protocol for in vivo imaging of calcium signaling events, following nervous stimulation by multi-photon microscopy in mouse salivary gland acinar cells, expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCamp6F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arathisenthil SV, Senthilkumaran S, Vijayakumar P, Savania R, Williams HF, Elangovan N, Bicknell AB, Patel K, Trim SA, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P, Vaiyapuri S. Rapid development of a salivary calculus in submandibular gland and its potential causes in a young victim following Russell's viper bite. Toxicon 2022; 206:85-89. [PMID: 34979198 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Russell's viper bites are known to cause a range of haemotoxic, neurotoxic, myotoxic, cytotoxic and nephrotoxic complications. However, the impact of Russell's viper bites as well as bites from other venomous snakes on sialolithiasis has not been previously reported. Here, we present an interesting case where a Russell's viper bite induced the rapid development of a calculus in submandibular gland in a 10-year-old boy. Upon admission, the victim did not show any symptoms of swelling and/or pain around his oral cavity. He received antivenom treatment to normalise his coagulation parameters, however, on day three he developed swelling and extreme pain around his right mandibular region. An ultrasound investigation revealed the presence of a calculus in his submandibular gland, which was removed using a minor surgical procedure. The histopathological examination revealed this as a poorly calcified salivary calculus, which is composed of cell debris, mucopolysaccharides and lipids. The mechanisms behind its rapid development following a snakebite are unclear although this could be linked to excessive inflammation or modifications to the composition of saliva induced by venom toxins or other unknown factors. This report reveals an unusual complication induced by a Russell's viper bite and alerts clinicians who treat snakebites to be aware of such envenomation effects. Moreover, this will lead to novel research to explore the relationship between venom toxins and functions of salivary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ravi Savania
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Namasivayam Elangovan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian
- Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India; The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Z, Dong L, Zheng Z, Liu S, Gong S, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Mechanism, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury Related to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111666. [PMID: 34829539 PMCID: PMC8614677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, because of the presence of nerve structures (brain stem, spinal cord, and brachial plexus), salivary glands (SGs), mucous membranes, and swallowing muscles in the head and neck regions, radiotherapy inevitably causes damage to these normal tissues. Among them, SG injury is a serious adverse event, and its clinical manifestations include changes in taste, difficulty chewing and swallowing, oral infections, and dental caries. These clinical symptoms seriously reduce a patient’s quality of life. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanism of SG injury caused by radiotherapy. Although the mechanism of radiation-induced SG injury has not yet been determined, recent studies have shown that the mechanisms of calcium signaling, microvascular injury, cellular senescence, and apoptosis are closely related to oxidative stress. In this article, we review the mechanism by which radiotherapy causes oxidative stress and damages the SGs. In addition, we discuss effective methods to prevent and treat radiation-induced SG damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouliang Gong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-0430-2750
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Criddle DN, Tepikin AV. Polarity of action in salivary gland acinar cells: Local and preferential Ca 2+ signalling. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102471. [PMID: 34517215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary secretion is important for digestion and paramount for oral health. Both exocytotic secretion of proteins (including salivary amylase and mucins) and fluid secretion contribute to the formation of saliva. A recent study by T. Takano and colleagues [1] has revealed interesting patterns of Ca2+ responses with implications for important modifications to the established model of fluid secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chalazias A, Plemmenos G, Evangeliou E, Piperi C. Pivotal role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in oral physiology. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1408-1425. [PMID: 34365940 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels constitute a large family of non-selective permeable ion channels involved in the perception of environmental stimuli with a central and continuously expanding role in oral tissue homeostasis. Recent studies indicate the regulatory role of TRPs in pulp physiology, oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception and salivary gland secretion. This review provides an update on the diverse functions of TRP channels in the physiology of oral cavity, with emphasis on their cellular location, the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) was performed for peer reviewed studies on TRP channels function on oral cavity physiology the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed in screened papers and a critical discussion of main findings is provided. RESULTS TRPs expression has been detected in major cell types of the oral cavity, including odontoblasts, periodontal ligament, oral epithelial, salivary gland cells, and chondrocytes of temporomandibular joints, where they mediate signal perception and transduction of mechanical, thermal, and osmotic stimuli. They contribute to pulp physiology through dentin formation, mineralization, and periodontal ligament formation along with alveolar bone remodeling in dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. TRPs are also involved in oral mucosa sensation, dental pain nociception, saliva secretion, swallowing reflex and temporomandibular joints' development. CONCLUSION Various TRP channels regulate oral cavity homeostasis, playing an important role in the transduction of external stimuli to intracellular signals in a cell type-specific manner and presenting promising drug targets for the development of pharmacological strategies to manage oral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Chalazias
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens. Greece
| | - Grigorios Plemmenos
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens. Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangeliou
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens. Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens. Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Takano T, Wahl AM, Huang KT, Narita T, Rugis J, Sneyd J, Yule DI. Highly localized intracellular Ca 2+ signals promote optimal salivary gland fluid secretion. eLife 2021; 10:66170. [PMID: 34240705 PMCID: PMC8352588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary fluid secretion involves an intricate choreography of membrane transporters to result in the trans-epithelial movement of NaCl and water into the acinus lumen. Current models are largely based on experimental observations in enzymatically isolated cells where the Ca2+ signal invariably propagates globally and thus appears ideally suited to activate spatially separated Cl and K channels, present on the apical and basolateral plasma membrane, respectively. We monitored Ca2+ signals and salivary secretion in live mice expressing GCamp6F, following stimulation of the nerves innervating the submandibular gland. Consistent with in vitro studies, Ca2+ signals were initiated in the apical endoplasmic reticulum. In marked contrast to in vitro data, highly localized trains of Ca2+ transients that failed to fully propagate from the apical region were observed. Following stimuli optimum for secretion, large apical-basal gradients were elicited. A new mathematical model, incorporating these data was constructed to probe how salivary secretion can be optimally stimulated by apical Ca2+ signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Amanda M Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Takanori Narita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - John Rugis
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muscarinic Receptors and BK Channels Are Affected by Lipid Raft Disruption of Salivary Gland Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094780. [PMID: 33946369 PMCID: PMC8125525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent fluid secretion is the most important physiological function of salivary glands and is regulated via muscarinic receptor signaling. Lipid rafts are important for G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and ion channels in plasma membranes. However, it is not well understood whether lipid raft disruption affects all membrane events or only specific functions in muscarinic receptor-mediated water secretion in salivary gland cells. We investigated the effects of lipid raft disruption on the major membrane events of muscarinic transcellular water movement in human salivary gland (HSG) cells. We found that incubation with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which depletes lipid rafts, inhibited muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in HSG cells and isolated mouse submandibular acinar cells. However, MβCD did not inhibit a Ca2+ increase induced by thapsigargin, which activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Interestingly, MβCD increased the activity of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK channel). Finally, we found that MβCD did not directly affect the translocation of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) into the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that lipid rafts maintain muscarinic Ca2+ signaling at the receptor level without directly affecting the activation of SOCE induced by intracellular Ca2+ pool depletion or the translocation of AQP5 into the plasma membrane.
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao F, Du W, Zhu X, Tang Y, Liu L, Huang E, Deng C, Luo C, Han M, Chen P, Ding L, Hong X, Wu L, Jiang Q, Zou H, Liu D, Lu L. IL-17 drives salivary gland dysfunction via inhibiting TRPC1-mediated calcium movement in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1277. [PMID: 33968407 PMCID: PMC8082715 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to determine a role of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17) in salivary gland (SG) dysfunction and therapeutic effects of targeting IL‐17 in SG for treating autoimmune sialadenitis in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods Salivary IL‐17 levels and IL‐17‐secreting cells in labial glands of pSS patients were examined. Kinetic changes of IL‐17‐producing cells in SG from mice with experimental Sjögren’s syndrome (ESS) were analysed. To determine a role of IL‐17 in salivary secretion, IL‐17‐deficient mice and constructed chimeric mice with IL‐17 receptor C (IL‐17RC) deficiency in non‐hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells were examined for saliva flow rates during ESS development. Both human and murine primary SG epithelial cells were treated with IL‐17 for measuring cholinergic activation‐induced calcium movement. Moreover, SG functions were assessed in ESS mice with salivary retrograde cannulation of IL‐17 neutralisation antibodies. Results Increased salivary IL‐17 levels were negatively correlated with saliva flow rates in pSS patients. Both IL‐17‐deficient mice and chimeric mice with non‐hematopoietic cell‐restricted IL‐17RC deficiency exhibited no obvious salivary reduction while chimeric mice with hematopoietic cell‐restricted IL‐17RC deficiency showed significantly decreased saliva secretion during ESS development. In SG epithelial cells, IL‐17 inhibited acetylcholine‐induced calcium movement and downregulated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 via promoting Nfkbiz mRNA stabilisation. Moreover, local IL‐17 neutralisation in SG markedly attenuated hyposalivation and ameliorated tissue inflammation in ESS mice. Conclusion These findings identify a novel function of IL‐17 in driving salivary dysfunction during pSS development and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for targeting SG dysfunction in pSS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology Huashan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Lixiong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Cainan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi China
| | - Man Han
- Division of Rheumatology Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology Huashan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Subedi KP, Zheng C, Ambudkar I. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant protects against irradiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7690. [PMID: 33833270 PMCID: PMC8032724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A severe consequence of radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer is persistent salivary gland hypofunction which causes xerostomia and oral infections. We previously showed that irradiation (IR) of salivary glands in mice triggers initial transient increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROSmt), mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]mt), and activated caspase-3 in acinar cells. In contrast, loss of salivary secretion is persistent. Herein we assessed the role of ROSmt in radiation-induced irreversible loss of salivary gland function. We report that treatment of mice with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, resulted in almost complete protection of salivary gland secretion following either single (15 Gy) or fractionated (5 × 3 Gy) doses of irradiation. Salivary gland cells isolated from MitoTEMPO-treated, irradiated, mice displayed significant attenuation of the initial increases in ROSmt, ([Ca2+]mt, and activated caspase-3 as compared to cells from irradiated, but untreated, animals. Importantly, MitoTEMPO treatment prevented radiation-induced decrease in STIM1, consequently protecting store-operated Ca2+ entry which is critical for saliva secretion. Together, these findings identify the initial increase in ROSmt, that is induced by irradiation, as a critical driver of persistent salivary gland hypofunction. We suggest that the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, can be potentially important in preventing IR-induced salivary gland dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Liu
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Krishna P Subedi
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Indu Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,NIH, Building 10, Room 1N-113, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Laitakari A, Liu L, Frimurer TM, Holst B. The Zinc-Sensing Receptor GPR39 in Physiology and as a Pharmacological Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083872. [PMID: 33918078 PMCID: PMC8070507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor GPR39 is abundantly expressed in various tissues and can be activated by changes in extracellular Zn2+ in physiological concentrations. Previously, genetically modified rodent models have been able to shed some light on the physiological functions of GPR39, and more recently the utilization of novel synthetic agonists has led to the unraveling of several new functions in the variety of tissues GPR39 is expressed. Indeed, GPR39 seems to be involved in many important metabolic and endocrine functions, but also to play a part in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, saliva secretion, bone formation, male fertility, addictive and depression disorders and cancer. These new discoveries offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against many diseases where efficient therapeutics are still lacking. This review focuses on Zn2+ as an endogenous ligand as well as on the novel synthetic agonists of GPR39, placing special emphasis on the recently discovered physiological functions and discusses their pharmacological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laitakari
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.); (L.L.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.); (L.L.); (T.M.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.); (L.L.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.); (L.L.); (T.M.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ca 2+ Signaling as the Untact Mode during Signaling in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061473. [PMID: 33806911 PMCID: PMC8004807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a critical factor in breast cancer metastasis. In the proliferation stage, increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, P2Y2 channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs), and IP3 receptors and a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ concentration through plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases and secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPases (SPCA) activate breast cancer cell proliferation. TRPM7, SOCC, inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), ryanodine receptor (RyR), and sarco-/endo-plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) increase the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins; meanwhile, SPCA and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) control the activation of EMT-related proteins. Increased Ca2+ through TRPC1, TRPM7/8, P2X7, and SOCC enhances breast cancer cell migration. The stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-Orai complex, P2X7, and Ca2+ sensing receptors are involved in invadopodia. Various pharmacological agents for Ca2+ channels have been proposed against breast cancer and have provided potential strategies for treating metastatic processes. Abstract Metastatic features of breast cancer in the brain are considered a common pathology in female patients with late-stage breast cancer. Ca2+ signaling and the overexpression pattern of Ca2+ channels have been regarded as oncogenic markers of breast cancer. In other words, breast tumor development can be mediated by inhibiting Ca2+ channels. Although the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Ca2+ channels against breast cancer has been demonstrated, the relationship between breast cancer metastasis and Ca2+ channels is not yet understood. Thus, we focused on the metastatic features of breast cancer and summarized the basic mechanisms of Ca2+-related proteins and channels during the stages of metastatic breast cancer by evaluating Ca2+ signaling. In particular, we highlighted the metastasis of breast tumors to the brain. Thus, modulating Ca2+ channels with Ca2+ channel inhibitors and combined applications will advance treatment strategies for breast cancer metastasis to the brain.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xie J, Zhao M, Wang C, Yong Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Rational Design of Nanomaterials for Various Radiation-Induced Diseases Prevention and Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001615. [PMID: 33506624 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation treatments often unfavorably damage neighboring healthy organs and cause a series of radiation sequelae, such as radiation-induced hematopoietic system diseases, radiation-induced gastrointestinal diseases, radiation-induced lung diseases, and radiation-induced skin diseases. Recently, emerging nanomaterials have exhibited good superiority for these radiation-induced disease treatments. Given this background, the rational design principle of nanomaterials, which helps to optimize the therapeutic efficiency, has been an increasing need. Consequently, it is of great significance to perform a systematic summarization of the advances in this field, which can trigger the development of new high-performance nanoradioprotectors with drug efficiency maximization. Herein, this review highlights the advances and perspectives in the rational design of nanomaterials for preventing and treating various common radiation-induced diseases. Furthermore, the sources, clinical symptoms, and pathogenesis/injury mechanisms of these radiation-induced diseases will also be introduced. Furthermore, current challenges and directions for future efforts in this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuan Yong
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology Guangdong 510700 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology Guangdong 510700 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liao Y, Wang D, Gu Z. Research Progress of Nanomaterials for Radioprotection. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Shipley FB, Dani N, Xu H, Deister C, Cui J, Head JP, Sadegh C, Fame RM, Shannon ML, Flores VI, Kishkovich T, Jang E, Klein EM, Goldey GJ, He K, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Kirchhausen T, Wyart C, Moore CI, Andermann ML, Lehtinen MK. Tracking Calcium Dynamics and Immune Surveillance at the Choroid Plexus Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Interface. Neuron 2020; 108:623-639.e10. [PMID: 32961128 PMCID: PMC7847245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium is a source of secreted signaling factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a key barrier between blood and brain. Here, we develop imaging tools to interrogate these functions in adult lateral ventricle ChP in whole-mount explants and in awake mice. By imaging epithelial cells in intact ChP explants, we observed calcium activity and secretory events that increased in frequency following delivery of serotonergic agonists. Using chronic two-photon imaging in awake mice, we observed spontaneous subcellular calcium events as well as strong agonist-evoked calcium activation and cytoplasmic secretion into CSF. Three-dimensional imaging of motility and mobility of multiple types of ChP immune cells at baseline and following immune challenge or focal injury revealed a range of surveillance and defensive behaviors. Together, these tools should help illuminate the diverse functions of this understudied body-brain interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Deister
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Sadegh
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vanessa I Flores
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Kishkovich
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emily Jang
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Klein
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Glenn J Goldey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kangmin He
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christopher I Moore
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lemos FO, Guerra MT, Leite MDF. Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors in secretory epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
34
|
Mao QY, Xie S, Wu LL, Xiang RL, Cai ZG. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs after botulinum toxin type A inhibiting salivary secretion. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1171-1183. [PMID: 32892462 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to determine the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and construct functional networks to analyze their potential roles following botulinum toxin type A (BTXA)-mediated inhibition of salivary secretion. METHODS The submandibular gland of rats in the BTXA and control groups was injected with BTXA and saline, respectively. Microarray analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to examine the biological functions. Functional networks, including lncRNA-mRNA co-expression and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, were constructed to reveal the interaction between the coding and non-coding genes. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that 254 lncRNAs and 631 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the BTXA and control groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the mRNAs were closely related to transmembrane transporter activity. lncRNA-mRNA co-expression and ceRNA networks were constructed, and several critical mRNA-lncRNA axes and key microRNAs related to salivary secretion were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs through microarray analysis and explored the interactions between the coding and non-coding genes through bioinformatic analysis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of BTXA-mediated inhibition of salivary secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ying Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Weiss AKH, Albertini E, Holzknecht M, Cappuccio E, Dorigatti I, Krahbichler A, Damisch E, Gstach H, Jansen-Dürr P. Regulation of cellular senescence by eukaryotic members of the FAH superfamily - A role in calcium homeostasis? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111284. [PMID: 32574647 PMCID: PMC7116474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily members are commonly expressed in the prokaryotic kingdom, where they take part in the committing steps of degradation pathways of complex carbon sources. Besides FAH itself, the only described FAH superfamily members in the eukaryotic kingdom are fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing proteins (FAHD) 1 and 2, that have been a focus of recent work in aging research. Here, we provide a review of current knowledge on FAHD proteins. Of those, FAHD1 has recently been described as a regulator of mitochondrial function and senescence, in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction associated senescence (MiDAS). This work further describes data based on bioinformatics analysis, 3D structure comparison and sequence alignment, that suggests a putative role of FAHD proteins as calcium binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K H Weiss
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria.
| | - Eva Albertini
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Max Holzknecht
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elia Cappuccio
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Anna Krahbichler
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Hubert Gstach
- University of Vienna, UZ2 E349, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang XY, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhang FY, Liu KJ, Xiang B. Phenylephrine alleviates 131I damage in submandibular gland through promoting endogenous stem cell regeneration via lissencephaly-1 upregulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 396:114999. [PMID: 32278511 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. 131I ablation therapy is an effective treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) but frequently causes radiation damage in salivary glands (SGs). Stem cell-based regenerative therapy has been found to reduce radiation sialadenitis. We hypothesize that microtubule motor-regulating protein lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) may be a key stem cell regulator responsible for its efficacy and that upregulating LIS1 would decrease131I-induced radiation sialadenitis. Here, we report that LIS1 was reduced by 131I in submandibular glands (SMGs) of rats, using both proteomic analysis and Western blot approach. Moreover, the levels of LIS1-Sca-1 and LIS1-SOX2 were downregulated by 131I together with the decrease of LIS1. In contrast, phenylephrine pretreatment enhanced LIS1 and improved the co-expressions and co-localizations of LIS1-Sca-1 and LIS1-SOX2 in 131I-irradiated SMGs. Since Sca-1 and SOX2 are the established stem cell biomarkers in salivary gland, our findings demonstrate that LIS1 may be a potential target for regulating stem cell maintenance in irradiated SGs. Importantly, phenylephrine may have the ability to promote endogenous stem cell regeneration in SMGs via upregulating the LIS1/Sca-1 and LIS1/SOX2 signaling pathways, suggesting that phenylephrine application before 131I ablation therapy may provide a practical and effective way to prevent radiation sialadenitis for DTC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Yin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Bin Xiang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang H, Cheng X, Tian J, Xiao Y, Tian T, Xu F, Hong X, Zhu MX. TRPC channels: Structure, function, regulation and recent advances in small molecular probes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107497. [PMID: 32004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cation channels of the TRP superfamily. The seven mammalian TRPC members, which can be further divided into four subgroups (TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC4/5, and TRPC3/6/7) based on their amino acid sequences and functional similarities, contribute to a broad spectrum of cellular functions and physiological roles. Studies have revealed complexity of their regulation involving several components of the phospholipase C pathway, Gi and Go proteins, and internal Ca2+ stores. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy have provided several high-resolution structures of TRPC channels. Growing evidence demonstrates the involvement of TRPC channels in diseases, particularly the link between genetic mutations of TRPC6 and familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Because TRPCs were discovered by the molecular identity first, their pharmacology had lagged behind. This is rapidly changing in recent years owning to great efforts from both academia and industry. A number of potent tool compounds from both synthetic and natural products that selective target different subtypes of TRPC channels have been discovered, including some preclinical drug candidates. This review will cover recent advancements in the understanding of TRPC channel regulation, structure, and discovery of novel TRPC small molecular probes over the past few years, with the goal of facilitating drug discovery for the study of TRPCs and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Xiaoding Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Fuchun Xu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choi SS, Jang E, Jang K, Jung SJ, Hwang KG, Youn J. Autoantibody-Mediated Dysfunction of Salivary Glands Leads to Xerostomia in SKG Mice. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e44. [PMID: 31921474 PMCID: PMC6943169 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic heterogeneous disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, leading to sicca syndromes such as xerostomia. Despite the second highest prevalence rate among systemic autoimmune diseases, its pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Here we report that SKG mice, a cardinal model of Th17 cell-mediated arthritis, also develop a secondary form of SS-like disorder upon systemic exposure to purified curdlan, a type of β-glucan. The reduced production of saliva was not caused by focal immune cell infiltrates but was associated with IgG deposits in salivary glands. Sera from curdlan-injected SKG mice contained elevated titers of IgG (predominantly IgG1), autoantibody to the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) and inhibited carbachol-induced Ca2+ signaling in salivary acinar cells. These results suggest that the Th17 cells that are elicited in SKG mice promote the production of salivary gland-specific autoantibodies including anti-M3R IgG; the antibodies are then deposited on acinar cells and inhibit M3R-mediated signaling required for salivation, finally leading to hypofunction of the salivary glands. This type II hypersensitivity reaction may explain the origin of secondary SS occurring without focal leukocyte infiltrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk San Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kyung-Gyun Hwang
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zn 2+ stimulates salivary secretions via metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39 in human salivary gland cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17648. [PMID: 31776425 PMCID: PMC6881433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ is a divalent cation that is essential for many biological activities, as it influences many ion channels and enzymatic activities. Zn2+ can evoke G-protein-coupled receptor signaling via activation of the metabotropic zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39. In spite of evidence suggesting the presence of ZnR/GPR39 in salivary gland cells, there has been no evidence of ZnR/GPR39-mediated modulation of salivary gland function. Here we characterized the role of ZnR/GPR39 in human submandibular gland cells. A 0.25% ZnCl2 solution evoked secretion of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in humans. We found that ZnR/GPR39 is expressed in human submandibular glands and HSG cells. Zn2+ increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. Muscarinic antagonist had no effect on Zn2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase, which was completely blocked by the phospholipase C-β inhibitor. As with muscarinic agonist, Zn2+ also induced the translocation of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) to the plasma membrane, which was drastically decreased in ZnR/GPR39-knockdown cells. These data suggest that the metabotropic Zn2+ receptor ZnR/GPR39 can modulate salivary secretion in human submandibular gland cells independent of muscarinic or histamine receptor signaling.
Collapse
|
40
|
Racz R, Nagy A, Rakonczay Z, Dunavari EK, Gerber G, Varga G. Defense Mechanisms Against Acid Exposure by Dental Enamel Formation, Saliva and Pancreatic Juice Production. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:2012-2022. [PMID: 29769002 PMCID: PMC6225347 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180515125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas, the salivary glands and the dental enamel producing ameloblasts have marked developmental, structural and functional similarities. One of the most striking similarities is their bicarbonate-rich secretory product, serving acid neutralization. An important difference between them is that while pancreatic juice and saliva are delivered into a lumen where they can be collected and analyzed, ameloblasts produce locally precipitating hydroxyapatite which cannot be easily studied. Interestingly, the ion and protein secretion by the pancreas, the salivary glands, and maturation ameloblasts are all two-step processes, of course with significant differences too. As they all have to defend against acid exposure by producing extremely large quantities of bicarbonate, the failure of this function leads to deteriorating consequences. The aim of the present review is to describe and characterize the defense mechanisms of the pancreas, the salivary glands and enamel-producing ameloblasts against acid exposure and to compare their functional capabilities to do this by producing bicarbonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Racz
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Nagy
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Katalin Dunavari
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Gerber
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jang SI, Tandon M, Teos L, Zheng C, Warner BM, Alevizos I. Dual function of miR-1248 links interferon induction and calcium signaling defects in Sjögren's syndrome. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:526-538. [PMID: 31597594 PMCID: PMC6838412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders leading to exocrine gland dysfunction. Both immune-dependent processes - like Type I Interferon (IFN) signaling and immune-independent processes - such as calcium signaling in epithelial cells - contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, a mechanistic link between these processes has not been demonstrated. METHODS Primary human salivary gland cells were used to evaluate the differential expression of miRNAs with smRNA-seq in primary epithelial cells culture and digital PCR was conducted in SS human salivary glands (SG) biopsies to verify the results. With siRNA screening and pull-down assays to establish the role of miRNA in IFN activation. FINDINGS Activation of IFN-β by miR-1248 is through the direct association with both RIG-I and AGO2. Further functional studies establish a unique dual functional role of miR-1248 in phSG cells: i) activation of the RIG-I pathway by acting as ligand of this sensor leading to IFN production and ii) regulation of the expression of mRNAs through the canonical microRNA function. Importantly, ITPR3, a key component of calcium signaling in epithelial cells, that has previously shown to be downregulated in SS SG, was directly targeted and downregulated by miR-1248, inducing the same functional calcium signaling changes as observed in SS SGs. INTERPRETATION Identification of the first endogenous mammalian microRNA that binds to RIG-I inducing IFN production but also demonstrate a novel pathophysiological underlying mechanism in which miR-1248 overexpression links two major pathways associated with SS, namely activation of IFN production with modulation of calcium signaling. Together, these findings suggest a unifying hypothesis for the immune-independent and -dependent processes contributing to the pathogenesis of SS. FUND: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ing Jang
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayank Tandon
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leyla Teos
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - ChangYu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Warner
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee D, Hong JH. Physiological application of nanoparticles in calcium-related proteins and channels. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2479-2486. [PMID: 31456482 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied as therapeutic drug-delivery agents for promising clinical trial outcomes. Nanomaterial-based drugs can transfer conventional drugs to target lesions, such as tumors, with increasing efficiency by enhancing drug-cell interaction or drug absorption. Although they are favorable as efficient drug transfer systems, NPs also exhibit cytotoxicity that affects nonpathological regions. Here, we review the basic information behind NP-induced Ca2+ signaling and its participation in channel physiology and pathology. NPs are observed to demonstrate inhibitory or active effects on Ca2+ signaling. Thus, understanding Ca2+ signaling by NPs as a key mechanism in signal transduction will progress the application of nano-drugs in various diseases without deleterious effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim J, Ko J, Myeong J, Kwak M, Hong C, So I. TRPC1 as a negative regulator for TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1045-1053. [PMID: 31222490 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are calcium permeable, non-selective cation channels with wide tissue-specific distribution. Among 7 TRPC channels, TRPC 1/4/5 and TRPC3/6/7 are subdivided based on amino acid sequence homology. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels exhibit cationic current with homotetrameric form, but they also form heterotetrameric channel such as TRPC1/4 or TRPC1/5 once TRPC1 is incorporated. The expression of TRPC1 is ubiquitous whereas the expressions of TRPC4 and TRPC5 are rather focused in nervous system. With the help of conditional knock-out of TPRC1, 4 and/or 5 genes, TRPC channels made of these constituents are reported to be involved in various pathophysiological functions such as seizure, anxiety-like behaviour, fear, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and many others. In heterologous expression system, many issues such as activation mechanism, stoichiometry and relative cation permeabilites of homomeric or heteromeric channels have been addressed. In this review, we discussed the role of TRPC1 channel per se in plasma membrane, role of TRPC1 in heterotetrameric conformation (TRPC1/4 or TRPC1/5) and relationship between TRPC1/4/5 channels, calcium influx and voltage-gated calcium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kusuda Y, Kondo Y, Miyagi Y, Munemasa T, Hori Y, Aonuma F, Tsuka S, Mukaibo T, Masaki C, Hosokawa R. Long-term dexamethasone treatment diminishes store-operated Ca 2+ entry in salivary acinar cells. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:1. [PMID: 30602784 PMCID: PMC6315037 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of many diseases; however, they also induce various side effects. Dexamethasone is one of the most potent corticosteroids, and it has been reported to induce the side effect of impaired salivary gland function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on mouse submandibular gland function to gain insight into the mechanism of dexamethasone-induced salivary hypofunction. The muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh) induced salivary secretion and was not affected by short-term dexamethasone treatment but was decreased following long-term dexamethasone administration. The expression levels of the membrane proteins Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, transmembrane member 16A, and aquaporin 5 were comparable between the control and long-term dexamethasone treatment groups. The CCh-induced increase in calcium concentration was significantly lower in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ in the long-term dexamethasone treatment group compared to that in the control group. Furthermore, CCh-induced salivation in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ ionophore A23187-induced salivation was comparable between the control and long-term dexamethasone treatment groups. Moreover, salivation induced by the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin was diminished in the long-term dexamethasone treatment group. In summary, these results demonstrate that short-term dexamethasone treatment did not impair salivary gland function, whereas long-term dexamethasone treatment diminished store-operated Ca2+ entry, resulting in hyposalivation in mouse submandibular glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kusuda
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Yuta Miyagi
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hori
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Fumiko Aonuma
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shintaro Tsuka
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Varghese JJ, Hansen ME, Sharipol A, Ingalls MH, Ormanoski MA, Newlands SD, Ovitt CE, Benoit DSW. Salivary gland cell aggregates are derived from self-organization of acinar lineage cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:122-130. [PMID: 30384153 PMCID: PMC6323641 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism by which salivary gland cells (SGC) aggregate in vitro. DESIGN Timelapse microscopy was utilized to analyze the process of salivary gland aggregate formation using both primary murine and human salivary gland cells. The role of cell density, proliferation, extracellular calcium, and secretory acinar cells in aggregate formation was investigated. Finally, the ability of cells isolated from irradiated glands to form aggregates was also evaluated. RESULTS Salivary gland cell self-organization rather than proliferation was the predominant mechanism of aggregate formation in both primary mouse and human salivary gland cultures. Aggregation was found to require extracellular calcium while acinar lineage cells account for ∼80% of the total aggregate cell population. Finally, aggregation was not impaired by irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The data reveal that aggregation occurs as a result of heterogeneous salivary gland cell self-organization rather than from stem cell proliferation and differentiation, contradicting previous dogma. These results suggest a re-evaluation of aggregate formation as a criterion defining salivary gland stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jomy J Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - M Eva Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Azmeer Sharipol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Matthew H Ingalls
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, United States
| | | | - Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, United States; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, United States; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, United States.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, United States; Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, United States; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yamaji K, Morita J, Watanabe T, Gunjigake K, Nakatomi M, Shiga M, Ono K, Moriyama K, Kawamoto T. Maldevelopment of the submandibular gland in a mouse model of apert syndrome. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1175-1185. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Yamaji
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Jumpei Morita
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tsukasa Watanabe
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kaori Gunjigake
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Momotoshi Shiga
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Division of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry; Kyushu Dental University; Fukuoka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Synaptotagmin-1 overexpression under inflammatory conditions affects secretion in salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome patients. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:88-99. [PMID: 30391023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy associated with severe secretory alterations by disruption of the glandular architecture integrity, which is fundamental for a correct function and localization of the secretory machinery. Syt-1, PI(4,5)P2 and Ca2+ are significant factors controlling exocytosis in different secretory cells, the Ca2+ role being the most studied. Salivary acinar cells from SS-patients show a defective agonist-regulated intracellular Ca2+ release together with a decreased IP3R expression level, and this condition may explain a reduced water release. However, there are not reports where Syt-1, PI(4,5)P2 and Ca2+ in acinar cells of SS patients had been studied. In the present study, we analyzed the expression and/or localization of Syt-1 and PI(4,5)P2 in acinar cells of labial salivary gland biopsies from SS-patients and control individuals. Also, we evaluated whether the overexpression of Syt-1 and the loss of cell polarity induced by TNF-α or loss of interaction between acinar cell and basal lamina, alters directionality of the exocytosis process, Ca2+ signaling and α-amylase secretion in a 3D-acini model stimulated with cholinergic or β-adrenergic agonists. In addition, the correlation between Syt-1 protein levels and clinical parameters was evaluated. The results showed an increase of Syt-1 mRNA and protein levels, and a high number of co-localization points of Syt-1/STX4 and PI(4,5)P2/Ezrin in the acinar basolateral region of LSG from SS-patients. With regard to 3D-acini, Syt-1 overexpression increased exocytosis in the apical pole compared to control acini. TNF-α stimulation increased exocytic events in the basal pole, which was further enhanced by Syt-1 overexpression. Additionally, altered acinar cell polarity affected Ca2+ signaling and amylase secretion. Overexpression of Syt-1 was associated with salivary gland alterations revealing that the secretory dysfunction in SS-patients is linked to altered expression and/or localization of secretory machinery components together with impaired epithelial cell polarity. These findings provide a novel insight on the pathological mechanism implicated in ectopic secretory products to the extracellular matrix of LSG from SS-patients, which might initiate inflammation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Intravital Two-photon Imaging of Ca 2+ signaling in Secretory Organs of Yellow Cameleon Transgenic Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15880. [PMID: 30367106 PMCID: PMC6203801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling regulates physiological functions in most cells. In secretory organs, such as the pancreas, salivary gland, and lacrimal gland (LG), [Ca2+]i elevation in acinar cells triggers fluid secretion, which plays vital roles in the maintenance of functional health across the life-course. It is important to understand the secretory mechanism of secretory organs, but lack of analytic systems available for living animals limits the scope of research to gain deeper insights into the precise mechanism of secretion. We established an intravital imaging system for specific cell types of secretory organs to monitor the [Ca2+]i changes using mouse line expressing Yellow Cameleon 3.60, a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator. Elevation of [Ca2+]i in specific cell types of secretory organs could be monitored after cholinergic stimulation ex vivo and intravitally. We found that a marked attenuation of LG [Ca2+]i response to cholinergic stimulation was induced under pathological conditions by postganglionic denervation. Intravital Ca2+ imaging in secretory organs will broaden our understanding of the cellular mechanisms in animal models of secretory diseases.
Collapse
|
49
|
TRP Channel Involvement in Salivary Glands-Some Good, Some Bad. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070074. [PMID: 29997338 PMCID: PMC6070825 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands secrete saliva, a mixture of proteins and fluids, which plays an extremely important role in the maintenance of oral health. Loss of salivary secretion causes a dry mouth condition, xerostomia, which has numerous deleterious consequences including opportunistic infections within the oral cavity, difficulties in eating and swallowing food, and problems with speech. Secretion of fluid by salivary glands is stimulated by activation of specific receptors on acinar cell plasma membrane and is mediated by an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i). The increase in [Ca2+]i regulates a number of ion channels and transporters that are required for establishing an osmotic gradient that drives water flow via aquaporin water channels in the apical membrane. The Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) mechanism, which is regulated in response to depletion of ER-Ca2+, determines the sustained [Ca2+]i increase required for prolonged fluid secretion. Core components of SOCE in salivary gland acinar cells are Orai1 and STIM1. In addition, TRPC1 is a major and non-redundant contributor to SOCE and fluid secretion in salivary gland acinar and ductal cells. Other TRP channels that contribute to salivary flow are TRPC3 and TRPV4, while presence of others, including TRPM8, TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV3, have been identified in the gland. Loss of salivary gland function leads to dry mouth conditions, or xerostomia, which is clinically seen in patients who have undergone radiation treatment for head-and-neck cancers, and those with the autoimmune exocrinopathy, Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). TRPM2 is a unique TRP channel that acts as a sensor for intracellular ROS. We will discuss recent studies reported by us that demonstrate a key role for TRPM2 in radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Further, there is increasing evidence that TRPM2 might be involved in inflammatory processes. These interesting findings point to the possible involvement of TRPM2 in Sjögren’s Syndrome, although further studies will be required to identify the exact role of TRPM2 in this disease.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ambudkar I. Calcium signaling defects underlying salivary gland dysfunction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1771-1777. [PMID: 30006140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salivary glands secrete saliva, a mixture of proteins and fluids, which plays an extremely important role in the maintenance of oral health. Loss of salivary secretion causes a dry mouth condition, xerostomia, which has numerous deleterious consequences including opportunistic infections within the oral cavity, difficulties in eating and swallowing food, and problems with speech. Saliva secretion is regulated by stimulation of specific signaling mechanisms within the acinar cells of the gland. Neurotransmitter-stimulated increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in acinar cells is the primary trigger for salivary fluid secretion from salivary glands, the loss of which is a critical factor underlying dry mouth conditions in patients. The increase in [Ca2+]i regulates multiple ion channel and transport activities that together generate the osmotic gradient which drives fluid secretion across the apical membrane. Ca2+ entry mediated by the Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) mechanism provides the essential [Ca2+]i signals to trigger salivary gland fluid secretion. Under physiological conditions depletion of ER-Ca2+ stores is caused by activation of IP3R by IP3 and this provides the stimulus for SOCE. Core components of SOCE in salivary gland acinar cells are the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, Orai1 and TRPC1, and STIM1, a Ca2+-sensor protein in the ER, which regulates both channels. In addition, STIM2 likely enhances the sensitivity of cells to ER-Ca2+ depletion thereby tuning the cellular response to agonist stimulation. Two major, clinically relevant, conditions which cause irreversible salivary gland dysfunction are radiation treatment for head-and-neck cancers and the autoimmune exocrinopathy, Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the exact mechanism(s) that causes the loss of fluid secretion, in either condition, is not clearly understood. A number of recent studies have identified that defects in critical Ca2+ signaling mechanisms underlie salivary gland dysfunction caused by radiation treatment or Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). This chapter will discuss these very interesting and important studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|