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Amitai Komem D, Hadar R, Paulson JN, Mordechai Y, Eskandarian HA, Efroni G, Amir A, Haberman Y, Tsur A. Lubricating gel influence on vaginal microbiome sampling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18223. [PMID: 39107405 PMCID: PMC11303677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gel lubrication is routinely used during gynecological examination to prevent or reduce pain, yet its impact on microbial composition during sampling remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether lubricating gel affects the microbial composition of vaginal samples. We included 31 pregnant women presenting during their third trimester to clinics or emergency room and collected 143 unique vaginal samples for 16S amplicon microbial analysis. Vaginal samples were obtained using sterile swabs under various conditions: without gel-immediately frozen (n = 30), with gel-immediately frozen, without gel-at room temperature (RT) for 5 h before freezing, with gel-at RT for 5 h before freezing, and additional sampling after 24 h without gel-immediate freezing. We found that sample collection with gel lubrication influenced specimen quality-half of the gel samples failing to meet processing limitation compared to those without gel. The effect of gel on testing quality dissipated after 24 h. However, when samples met post-sequencing filters, gel lubrication did not alter the microbial composition, individual taxa abundance or alpha and beta diversity. We recommend sampling either before gel exposure or 24 h after. These findings underscore the importance of considering sample collection methodologies in vaginal microbiome studies to ensure high-quality microbial data for accurate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Amitai Komem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Yael Mordechai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Gilat Efroni
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amnon Amir
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abraham Tsur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated With the Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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Le D, Le T, Sanchez A, Gandhi K, Garza J, Gibson A, Galloway M, Ventolini G. Cytokine profiles and their roles in development of provoked vulvodynia. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104313. [PMID: 39106543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Provoked, localized, vulvodynia (PVD) is the main subtype of vulvodynia. Although the etiology of PVD is still a topic of debate, inflammation caused by cytokines responding to a dysregulated microbiome is one of the leading proposed theories. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to further explore the cytokine profiles in the study group with PVD using multiplex immunoassays based on electrochemiluminescence. We compared a panel of 26 distinct cytokines levels in the study group with PVD (n = 23) to the control group (n = 18) and cytokine concentrations were measured using MESO QuickPlex SQ 120 instrument with 5 different multiplex assays. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney U test, two-sided p-values, and a significance level of α = 0.05. Differences in cytokine concentrations are described as negligible, small, medium, or large based on Cliff's δ. Concentrations of three cytokines were significantly lower in the PVD group: a large difference in IP-10 (p = 0.029*) and medium differences in IL-1RA4 (p = 0.030*) and IL-12 (p = 0.034*). One cytokine level was significantly higher in the PVD group: a medium difference for IL-6 (p = 0.037*). Due to the lack of consistency in elevation of inflammatory profiles, it is not enough to support persistent inflammation as the etiology behind PVD. However, these findings may indicate there is a possible immune response deficiency in some patients who have PVD. The resemblance of cytokine profile in our study to cytokine profile of people with chronic yeast infection further support this proposed mechanism behind PVD. Future studies involving history and testing for yeast infection are necessary to explore this possibility further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Le
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Triet Le
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Asley Sanchez
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Kushal Gandhi
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - John Garza
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Alex Gibson
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Michael Galloway
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA.
| | - Gary Ventolini
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
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Banchi P, Bertero A, Gionechetti F, Corrò M, Spagnolo E, Donato GG, Pallavicini A, Rota A. The vaginal microbiota of healthy female cats. Theriogenology 2024; 224:134-142. [PMID: 38772246 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota of the queen (i.e., female cat) has never been described using culture independent methods. The objectives of the present research were to describe the vaginal microbiota of healthy domestic shorthair queens using both 16S rRNA sequencing and culture, and to assess the effects of age, living environment, and reproductive season on its composition. Thirty queens undergoing elective ovariectomy were included in the study. The vaginal samples were collected just before surgery, from animals under general anaesthesia. Two consecutive mini-swabs were introduced in the queens' vaginal tract. A preliminary study with 10 healthy queens aimed to negate sampling order's effect. Two consecutive samples for sequencing (5 queens, 10 swabs) and culture (5 queens, 10 swabs) were collected, confirming a match (100 % in culture, Bray-Curtis P = 0.96 in sequencing). The experiment included 20 queens that were prospectively grouped based on age (prepubertal N = 10, adult N = 10), living environment (indoor N = 10, outdoor N = 10), and time of the year, whether during the reproductive season (N = 10) or during seasonal anoestrous (N = 10). Bacteria were identified through metataxonomic analysis, amplifying the V1-V2 regions of 16S rRNA gene, and through standard culture followed by MALDI-TOF MS. The feline vaginal microbiota is dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria. Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, and Pasteurella were the most abundant genera. Although culture underestimated bacterial richness and diversity compared to sequencing, Escherichia and Streptococcus were the most isolated bacteria. No bacterial growth was observed in 15 % of samples (N = 3/20), whereas growth of one or two bacterial species was observed in 64.7 % (N = 11/17) and 35.3 % (N = 6/17) of cases, respectively. No differences in terms of alpha (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test P = 0.65) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis, Unweighted and Weighted UniFrac analyses P > 0.5) were observed. Although a difference in alpha diversity based on phylogenetic tree (P = 0.02) was detected between indoor and outdoor queens. In conclusion, mixed and monoculture of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus canis, Staphylococcus felis, and Enterococcus spp. are normal findings within the cat vagina. Age and reproductive season do not influence the feline vaginal microbiota, whereas further research is needed to elucidate the role of the living environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Gionechetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Michela Corrò
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Spagnolo
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gian Guido Donato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Ada Rota
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Chen R, Peng C, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Tang S. Effects of vaginal microbiota on human papillomavirus infection and its related diseases. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106761. [PMID: 38925345 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
With the knowledge of female reproductive tract microbiota gradually increasing, the connection between vaginal microbiota (VMB) and its related diseases is increasingly highlighted. Manifestation of VMB keeps changing with various dominated bacteria, which can affect the immune response of mucosal barrier and the entrance of pathogens. Human papillomavirus (HPV), as an oncogenic virus, is closely related to viral-associated cancer, such as cervical cancer. According to HPV infection status, VMB can transform into different types, and result in accelerating or restraining the progression of diseases, which have exposed the inner link between VMB and HPV. Therefore, probiotics therapy promises to be a new complementary therapy to rebuild a healthy VMB for patients, but there's still a long way to go before its ready for the clinic. This review focuses on composition, immune response, and application of VMB in HPV and its associated diseases and aims to provide the new ideas and directions for the research on VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranzhong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changmin Peng
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenlei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuangyang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Gronsfeld V, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Porsmoguer C, Hamaide A, Taminiau B, Daube G, Van de Weerdt ML, Deleuze S, Noel S. Evaluation of the vaginal and urinary microbiota of healthy cycling bitches. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:315. [PMID: 39010076 PMCID: PMC11247753 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the urogenital microbiota has recently been characterized in healthy male and female dogs, the influence of sex hormones on the urogenital microbiome of bitches is still unknown. A deeper understanding of the cyclic changes in urinary and vaginal microbiota would allow us to compare the bacterial populations in healthy dogs and assess the impact of the microbiome on various urogenital diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the urogenital microbiota during different phases of the estrous cycle in healthy female dogs. DNA extraction, 16 S rDNA library preparation, sequencing and informatic analysis were performed to determine the vaginal and urinary microbiota in 10 healthy beagle dogs at each phase of the estrous cycle. RESULTS There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of the urinary microbiota across the different cycle phases. Similarly, alpha diversity, richness and evenness of vaginal bacterial populations were not significantly different across the cycle phases. However, there were significant differences in vaginal beta diversity between the different cycle phases, except for between anestrus and diestrus. CONCLUSION This study strongly suggests that estrogen influences the abundance of the vaginal microbiota in healthy female dogs, but does not appear to affect the urinary microbiome. Furthermore, our data facilitate a deeper understanding of the native urinary and vaginal microbiota in healthy female dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gronsfeld
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Flore Brutinel
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Egyptien
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Porsmoguer
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Hamaide
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Deleuze
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Noel
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Zangirolamo AF, Souza AK, Yokomizo DN, Miguel AKA, da Costa MC, Alfieri AA, Seneda MM. Updates and Current Challenges in Reproductive Microbiome: A Comparative Analysis between Cows and Women. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1971. [PMID: 38998083 PMCID: PMC11240322 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays an important role in numerous physiological processes, pathogenesis, development, and metabolism in different animal species. In humans, several studies have demonstrated an association between the vaginal microbiota and fertility rates, and even success in assisted reproduction techniques. In the context of cattle reproduction, although few studies have addressed the microbiota in a healthy state (which is not associated with diseases that affect the reproductive tract of cows), changes in its composition also seem to influence fertility. This review aims to explain the importance of the reproductive microbiota in female bovines and what is available in the literature regarding its possible role in increasing fertility. What are the challenges involved in this process? Future perspectives on its use and manipulation as a selection or intervention tool. Will it be possible to one day extrapolate the findings to reality and apply them in the field? In short, understanding the role of the reproductive microbiota of female bovines can signal the prospect of increasing production, whether of milk or meat, from the same number of animals, as it can optimize reproductive efficiency and perhaps become an allied tool for the economic profitability and sustainability of livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.F.Z.); (A.A.A.)
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (D.N.Y.); (A.K.A.M.)
| | - Anne Kemmer Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (D.N.Y.); (A.K.A.M.)
| | - Deborah Nakayama Yokomizo
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (D.N.Y.); (A.K.A.M.)
| | - Ana Karolyne Alves Miguel
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (D.N.Y.); (A.K.A.M.)
| | | | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.F.Z.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.F.Z.); (A.A.A.)
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (D.N.Y.); (A.K.A.M.)
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Atkins H, Sabharwal B, Boger L, Stegman N, Kula A, Wolfe AJ, Banerjee S, Putonti C. Evidence of Lactobacillus strains shared between the female urinary and vaginal microbiota. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001267. [PMID: 38949867 PMCID: PMC11316553 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species are common inhabitants of the 'healthy' female urinary and vaginal communities, often associated with a lack of symptoms in both anatomical sites. Given identification by prior studies of similar bacterial species in both communities, it has been hypothesized that the two microbiotas are in fact connected. Here, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of 49 Lactobacillus strains, including 16 paired urogenital samples from the same participant. These strains represent five different Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. paragasseri. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), alignment, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and CRISPR comparisons between strains from the same participant were performed. We conducted simulations of genome assemblies and ANI comparisons and present a statistical method to distinguish between unrelated, related, and identical strains. We found that 50 % of the paired samples have identical strains, evidence that the urinary and vaginal communities are connected. Additionally, we found evidence of strains sharing a common ancestor. These results establish that microbial sharing between the urinary tract and vagina is not limited to uropathogens. Knowledge that these two anatomical sites can share lactobacilli in females can inform future clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Atkins
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Baani Sabharwal
- Department of Molecular Environmental Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leah Boger
- Data Science Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Stegman
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Kula
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Swarnali Banerjee
- Data Science Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Shaffer Z, Romero R, Tarca AL, Galaz J, Arenas-Hernandez M, Gudicha DW, Chaiworapongsa T, Jung E, Suksai M, Theis KR, Gomez-Lopez N. The vaginal immunoproteome for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective longitudinal study. eLife 2024; 13:e90943. [PMID: 38913421 PMCID: PMC11196114 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most cases of preterm birth occur spontaneously and result from preterm labor with intact (spontaneous preterm labor [sPTL]) or ruptured (preterm prelabor rupture of membranes [PPROM]) membranes. The prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains underpowered due to its syndromic nature and the dearth of independent analyses of the vaginal host immune response. Thus, we conducted the largest longitudinal investigation targeting vaginal immune mediators, referred to herein as the immunoproteome, in a population at high risk for sPTB. Methods Vaginal swabs were collected across gestation from pregnant women who ultimately underwent term birth, sPTL, or PPROM. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and antimicrobial peptides in the samples were quantified via specific and sensitive immunoassays. Predictive models were constructed from immune mediator concentrations. Results Throughout uncomplicated gestation, the vaginal immunoproteome harbors a cytokine network with a homeostatic profile. Yet, the vaginal immunoproteome is skewed toward a pro-inflammatory state in pregnant women who ultimately experience sPTL and PPROM. Such an inflammatory profile includes increased monocyte chemoattractants, cytokines indicative of macrophage and T-cell activation, and reduced antimicrobial proteins/peptides. The vaginal immunoproteome has improved predictive value over maternal characteristics alone for identifying women at risk for early (<34 weeks) sPTB. Conclusions The vaginal immunoproteome undergoes homeostatic changes throughout gestation and deviations from this shift are associated with sPTB. Furthermore, the vaginal immunoproteome can be leveraged as a potential biomarker for early sPTB, a subset of sPTB associated with extremely adverse neonatal outcomes. Funding This research was conducted by the Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS) under contract HHSN275201300006C. ALT, KRT, and NGL were supported by the Wayne State University Perinatal Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Shaffer
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of EngineeringDetroitUnited States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Dereje W Gudicha
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Kevin R Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS)BethesdaUnited States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
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9
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Jawanda IK, Soni T, Kumari S, Prabha V. The evolving facets of vaginal microbiota transplantation: reinvigorating the unexplored frontier amid complex challenges. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:306. [PMID: 38878076 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In an age of cutting-edge sequencing methods and worldwide endeavors such as The Human Microbiome Project and MetaHIT, the human microbiome stands as a complex and diverse community of microorganisms. A central theme in current scientific inquiry revolves around reinstating a balanced microbial composition, referred to as "eubiosis," as a targeted approach for treating vast array of diseases. Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation (VMT), inspired by the success of fecal microbiota transplantation, emerges as an innovative therapy addressing vaginal dysbacteriosis by transferring the complete microbiota from a healthy donor. Antibiotics, while effective, pose challenges with adverse effects, high recurrence rates, and potential harm to beneficial Lactobacillus strains. Continued antibiotic usage also sparks worries regarding the development of resistant strains. Probiotics, though showing promise, exhibit inconsistency in treating multifactorial diseases, and concerns linger about their suitability for diverse genetic backgrounds. Given the recurrent challenges associated with antibiotic and probiotic treatments, VMT emerges as an imperative alternative, offering a unique and promising avenue for efficiently and reliably managing vaginal dysbiosis among a majority of women. This review critically evaluates findings from both animal and human studies, offering nuanced insights into the efficacy and challenges of VMT. An extensive analysis of clinical trials, provides a current overview of ongoing and completed trials, shedding light on the evolving clinical landscape and therapeutic potential of VMT. Delving into the origins, mechanisms, and optimized protocols of VMT, the review underscores the imperative for sustained research efforts to advance this groundbreaking gynecological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomson Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay Prabha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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10
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Javadi K, Ferdosi-Shahandashti E, Rajabnia M, Khaledi M. Vaginal microbiota and gynecological cancers: a complex and evolving relationship. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38877504 PMCID: PMC11179293 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagina hosts a community of microorganisms known as the vaginal microbiota. This community is relatively stable and straightforward, with Lactobacillus species being the most dominant members. The vaginal microbiota has various functions that are essential for maintaining human health and balance. For example, it can metabolise dietary nutrients, produce growth factors, communicate with other bacteria, modulate the immune system, and prevent the invasion of harmful pathogens. When the vaginal microbiota is disrupted, it can lead to diseases and infections. The observed disturbance is distinguished by a reduction in the prevalence of Lactobacillus and a concurrent rise in the number of other bacterial species that exhibit a higher tolerance to low oxygen levels. Gynecologic cancers are a group of cancers that affect the female reproductive organs and tissues, such as the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and endometrium. These cancers are a major global health problem for women. Understanding the complex interactions between the host and the vaginal microorganisms may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of gynecologic cancers. This could improve the quality of life and health outcomes for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Javadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ferdosi-Shahandashti
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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11
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He J, Zheng J, Huang Y, Li S, Hua L, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Wu D. Benefits of maternal pectin supplementation in gestation diet on vaginal microbiota of sows and intestinal health of newborn piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392399. [PMID: 38895713 PMCID: PMC11183816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a proven prebiotic and widely used in human health products. This study aims to assess the impact of dietary pectin supplementation during gestation on sow vaginal microbiota and the offspring's intestinal composition. Thirty sows were randomly allocated to two groups and fed a standard diet (CON) or a standard diet supplemented with 3 g/kg pectin (PEC). Blood, feces, and vaginal swab samples from the sows and blood, intestines issue, and colonic content samples from the offspring were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the relative abundance of vaginal Lactobacillus was notably enhanced in the PEC group and fecal β-glucuronidase (β-G) activity and plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration were also significantly increased in the PEC group. Newborn piglets were found to host different microbial communities as well. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria dominated in the CON group, and Firmicutes was predominant in the PEC group. Newborn piglets in the PEC group had a lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in their plasma. The expression of intestinal cytokines of offspring was improved as well. Villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) in the PEC group were extremely higher than those in the CON group. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation can be of benefit to both sows and newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Lafioniatis A, Samara AA, Makaritsis PK, Dafopoulos S, Sotiriou S, Dafopoulos K. Understanding the Role of Female Genital Tract Microbiome in Recurrent Implantation Failure. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3173. [PMID: 38892884 PMCID: PMC11172434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The realization of the role of the microbiome of the female reproductive tract in health and disease has opened numerous possibilities for the scientific examination of the intertwining role between the human host and its microbiota. The imbalance in the composition of the microbial communities of the vagina and uterus is now recognized as a risk factor for many complications in pregnancy and according to the data from numerous studies, it is possible for this imbalance to play a crucial role in creating a hostile endometrial environment, and therefore, contributing to the etiology of recurrent implantation failure. Nevertheless, our current understanding of these complicated biological phenomena is far from complete, and in the future, there needs to be a systematic and thorough investigation of the diagnosis and therapy of this condition. This will enable scientists who engage in the field of assisted reproduction technologies to accurately identify and cure women in whom dysbiosis hinders the achievement of a healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lafioniatis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Athina A. Samara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.D.); (K.D.)
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Peter K. Makaritsis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Stefanos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Sotirios Sotiriou
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.L.); (P.K.M.); (S.D.); (K.D.)
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13
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Zeng Z, Li P, Lu J, Li X, Li M, Wu Y, Zheng M, Cao Y, Liao Q, Ge Z, Zhang L. A non-antibiotic antimicrobial drug, a biological bacteriostatic agent, is useful for treating aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341878. [PMID: 38860217 PMCID: PMC11163058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaginitis is a common infection in women, with approximately 75% of women experiencing at least one episode during their lifetime. Although antimicrobial agents are widely used to treat vaginitis, recurrent vaginitis occurs in some patients. Resistance to these agents is the major cause of recurrent vaginitis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs. Methods We investigated the efficacy of a new biological bacteriostatic agent (BBA), composed of lysozyme, phytoalexin, chitosan oligosaccharide, sinensetin, 18β/20α-glycyrrhizin, and betaine, against vaginitis using in vitro and in vivo studies. First, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of BBA against 13 microbial strains commonly present in aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and healthy vaginas. Second, we assessed the safety of various doses of BBA administered orally for 4 weeks in female mice. Third, we examined the in vivo anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of BBA in Candida albicans-, Candida glabrata-, and Gardnerella-induced vaginitis models. Finally, we evaluated the anti-vaginitis effect of a BBA gel prepared with 0.5% (w/v) ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp copolymer. Results BBA effectively suppressed the growth of the main causative pathogens of vaginitis in vitro. BBA, either undiluted or diluted two-fold, inhibited all microorganisms cultured for 8 h. No obvious organ damage was detected when BBA was administered to mice. Both BBA alone and 70% BBA in a gel formulation effectively inhibited the proliferation of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Gardnerella in vaginal lavage samples and alleviated tissue inflammation in mice with vaginitis. The 70% BBA gel performed better than BBA alone at treating vaginitis in mice infected with Gardnerella vaginalis. Conclusion BBA alone and a 70% BBA gel inhibited the growth of pathogens and effectively alleviated inflammation caused by C. albicans, C. glabrata, and G. vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minzi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojia Ge
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Chitin-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131105. [PMID: 38531527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitin is composed of N-acetylglucosamine units. Chitin a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, can elicit a potent defense response in plants. Through the activation of defense genes, stimulation of defensive compound production, and reinforcement of physical barriers, chitin enhances the plant's ability to defend against pathogens. Chitin-based treatments have shown efficacy against various plant diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, and have been integrated into sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, chitin treatments have demonstrated additional benefits, such as promoting plant growth and improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Further research is necessary to optimize treatment parameters, explore chitin derivatives, and conduct long-term field studies. Continued efforts in these areas will contribute to the development of innovative and sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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15
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Vaccalluzzo A, Pino A, Grimaldi RL, Caggia C, Cianci S, Randazzo CL. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 (DSM 33500) is an effective strategy for managing vaginal dysbiosis, rising the lactobacilli population. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae110. [PMID: 38755019 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study is a single-centre, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 (DSM 33500) strain, orally administrated, to treat vaginal dysbiosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Overall, 80 women, with signs and symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis, were enrolled and allocated to the treatment group (A, n=60), who took 1 capsule of the probiotic strain for 10 consecutive days, or the non-treatment group (B, n=20), who did not receive any treatment. Clinical (vaginal signs and symptoms; pH of the vaginal fluid; Amsel criteria; Nugent score; Lactobacillary grade) and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline (T0), 10 days (T1), and 30 (T2) days after the oral administration of the probiotic TOM 22.8 strain. The latter resulted in a restoration of the physiological pH, accompanied by remission or attenuation of clinical signs and symptoms as well as the improvement of the quality of life (QoL). Microbiological data revealed a significant reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION The administration of the L. rhamnosus TOM 22.8 probiotic strain could be proposed as an effective strategy for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Vaccalluzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin off of the University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaela Luisa Grimaldi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin off of the University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianci
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin off of the University of Catania, Santa Sofia Street, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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16
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Shen J, Sun H, Chu J, Gong X, Liu X. Cervicovaginal microbiota: a promising direction for prevention and treatment in cervical cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38641803 PMCID: PMC11027553 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women, with high incidence rate and mortality. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Cervicovaginal microbiota (CVM) plays an essential role in the defense of HPV infections and prevention of subsequent lesions. Dominance of Lactobacillus is the key of CVM homeostasis, which can be regulated by host, exogenous and endogenous factors. Dysbiosis of CVM, including altered microbial, metabolic, and immune signatures, can contribute to persist HPV infection, leading to cervical cancer. However, there is no evidence of the causality between CVM and cervical cancer, and the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. Considering the close correlation between CVM dysbiosis and persistent HPV infection, this review will overview CVM, its role in cervical cancer development and related mechanisms, and the prospects for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), 200003, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), 200003, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Banchi P, Spanoghe L, Maes D, Morrell J, Van Soom A. The reproductive microbiome in dogs: Friend or foe? Vet J 2024; 304:106100. [PMID: 38484870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of the reproductive tract is an area of research in full development. Specifically, the microbiome may be involved in reproductive health, disease, and pregnancy outcomes, as has been shown in humans and animals, including dogs. The aim of the present review was to summarize current knowledge on the microbiome of the canine reproductive tract, to expose the controversial role that some bacterial agents may play in canine subfertility, and to highlight future research perspectives. This review discussed whether the use of antimicrobials in dogs is appropriate to increase reproductive performance and to treat subfertility without proper diagnosis, and the possible use of probiotics to modulate the reproductive canine microbiome. Finally, we indicate areas in which scientific knowledge is currently lacking, and could be promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
| | - Lotte Spanoghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Jane Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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18
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Chen P, Hu T, Zheng Z, E. Garfield R, Yang J. Characteristics of cervicovaginal microflora at different cervical maturity during late pregnancy: A nested case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300510. [PMID: 38507418 PMCID: PMC10954133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of cervical ripening in late pregnancy is still unclear. The vaginal microbiome has been reported to correlate with the preterm birth and short cervix in pregnant women. However, the associations between the cervical maturity and the vaginal microbiome are still poorly understood. We aim to analyze the cervicovaginal microflora in women with ripe cervix and in those who are unripe when delivering at term. METHODS Cervicovaginal swabs were collected between 40 and 41 weeks of gestation from the following 2 different groups of patients: ripe group (n = 25) and unripe group (n = 25). Samples were tested using 16S ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing and analyzed by bioinformatics platform. RESULTS This study highlights the relationship between cervical maturity during late pregnancy and the composition of the cervicovaginal microflora. Both α- and β-diversity analyses demonstrated significant differences between women with a ripe cervix and those with an unripe cervix. Notably, the Lactobacillus profile was found to be closely linked to cervical maturity. There was a significant difference in the vaginal community state type, with CST IV being more prevalent in women with an unripe cervix. Furthermore, the association between CST IV and the unripe cervix group, as indicated by the odds ratio of 8.6, underscores its relevance in evaluating cervical maturity, when compared to other Lactobacillus-dominant community state types. Additionally, several bacterial taxa, particularly Lactobacillus, exhibited differential relative abundances between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study provided significant evidence regarding the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and cervical maturity, highlighting the differential diversity, community state types, and specific bacterial taxa, such as Lactobacillus, that are associated with cervical maturation status. These findings contributed to our understanding of the dynamics of the cervicovaginal microflora during late pregnancy and its implications for cervical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Robert E. Garfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen T. Vaginal microbiota: Potential targets for vulvovaginal candidiasis infection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27239. [PMID: 38463778 PMCID: PMC10923723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common cause of vaginal infection globally after bacterial vaginosis (BV) and associated with adverse reproductive and obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease. Although effective control of VVC is achievable with the use of traditional treatment strategies (i.e., antifungals), the possibility of drug intolerance, treatment failure and recurrence, as well as the appearance of antifungal-resistant Candida species remain critical challenges. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies against VVC are urgently required. In recent years, an improved understanding of the dysbiotic vaginal microbiota (VMB) during VVC has prompted the consideration of administering -biotics to restore the balance of the VMB within the context of VVC prevention and treatment. Here, we aim to summarize the current evidence of the anti-Candida effects of probiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics and their potential use as an alternative/complementary therapy against VVC. Additionally, this review discusses advantages and challenges associated with the application of -biotics in VVC to provide guidance for their later use. We also review new developments in VVC therapy, i.e., vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) as an emerging live biotherapeutic therapy against VVC and discuss existing shortcomings associated with this nascent field, expecting to stimulate further investigations for introduction of new therapies against VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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20
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Das S, Konwar BK. Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:871-886. [PMID: 37676318 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal canal (VC) is exposed to the external environment affected by habitual factors like hygiene and sexual behaviour as well as physiological factors like puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, child birth and menopause. Healthy VC harbours beneficial microflora supported by vaginal epithelium and cervical fluid. Connatural antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) of female reproductive tract (FRT) conjunctly with these beneficial microbes provide protection from a large number of infectious diseases. Such infections may either be caused by native microbes of the VC or transitory microbes like bacteria or virus which are not a part of VC microflora. This review highlight's the role of hormones, enzymes, innate immunological factors, epithelial cells and vaginal mucus that support beneficial microbes over infectious ones thus, helping to maintain homeostasis in VC and further protect the FRT. We also discuss the prospective use of vaginal probiotics and AMPs against pathogens which can serve as a potential cure for vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Bolin K Konwar
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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21
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Das S, Konwar BK. Inhibiting pathogenicity of vaginal Candida albicans by lactic acid bacteria and MS analysis of their extracellular compounds. APMIS 2024; 132:161-186. [PMID: 38168754 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining healthy vaginal microflora post-puberty is critical. In this study we explore the potential of vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their extracellular metabolites against the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. The probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) from Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. vaginalis exhibit an inhibitory effect on budding, hyphae, and biofilm formation of C. albicans. LGPCFS manifested the best potential among the LAB PCFS, inhibiting budding for 24 h and restricting hyphae formation post-stimulation. LGPCFS also pre-eminently inhibited biofilm formation. Furthermore, L. gasseri itself grew under RPMI 1640 stimulation suppressing the biofilm formation of C. albicans. The PCFS from the LAB downregulated the hyphal genes of C. albicans, inhibiting the yeast transformation to fungi. Hyphal cell wall proteins HWP1, ALS3, ECE1, and HYR1 and transcription factors BCR1 and CPH1 were downregulated by the metabolites from LAB. Finally, the extracellular metabolome of the LAB was studied by LC-MS/MS analysis. L.gasseri produced the highest antifungal compounds and antibiotics, supporting its best activity against C. albicans. Vaginal LAB and their extracellular metabolites perpetuate C. albicans at an avirulent state. The metabolites produced by these LAB in vitro have been identified, and can be further exploited as a preventive measure against vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
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22
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Das S, Konwar BK. Prophylactic application of vaginal lactic acid bacteria against urogenital pathogens and its prospective use in sanitary suppositories. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:179-202. [PMID: 37258658 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial and pathogenic microbes coexist in the vaginal canal, where a diminishing population of lactic acid bacteria may cause recurring urogenital infections. Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus vaginalis, and pathogenic microbes Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia fergusonii were isolated from vaginal swabs. Lactobacillus sp. and their probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) inhibited the growth of the above-mentioned urogenital pathogens. L. crispatus produced both lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting the best antimicrobial potential against the studied pathogens. Lyophilized L. crispatus had a shelf life of 12 months and the lyophilized PCFS also retained its antibacterial property with a minimum inhibition concentration of 1 μg/μL. Carboxy-methyl cellulose-alginate, a green alternative to super-absorbent polymers, was encapsulated with L. crispatus cells. The probiotic in its encapsulated state retained its viability for 21 days, and the bead showed 30% solvent absorptive capacity. PCFS-laced non-woven fabric displayed antibacterial property with no change in its physicochemical properties. These probiotic and postbiotic formulations have excellent prophylactic potential for urogenital infections. Such formulations can be exploited as additives in sanitary suppositories to enhance vaginal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
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23
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Vicariotto F, Malfa P, Viciani E, Dell’Atti F, Squarzanti DF, Marcante A, Castagnetti A, Ponchia R, Governini L, De Leo V. Efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PBS067, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL050, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH020 in the Amelioration of Vaginal Microbiota in Post-Menopausal Women: A Prospective Observational Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:402. [PMID: 38337685 PMCID: PMC10857347 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The menopausal transition marks a significant physiological shift in women. Menopause-related symptoms can significantly affect a woman's quality of life and probiotics have emerged as a promising avenue. This study aims to investigate the benefits of probiotics in improving vaginal well-being and microbiota composition in post-menopausal women. A prospective observational clinical trial was carried out enrolling 50 post-menopausal healthy women, aged between 45 and 65 years old, taking a supplement containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PBS067, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL050, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH020 (3B CFU/day) for 28 days. Vaginal swabs were collected to evaluate microbiota fluctuation and the inflammatory pattern was recorded. A Vaginal Health Index was provided to evaluate vaginal well-being throughout the trial. Clinical outcomes revealed a decrease in menopausal symptoms. Significant improvements were observed across various parameters: a 50% enhancement in the VHI score (p < 0.0001), alongside substantial reductions in inflammatory cytokine levels. An 87.8% decrease in IL-6, 57.6% in IL-1β, and 40.8% in TNF-α was observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, the probiotic intervention facilitated the restoration of vaginal microbiota, evidenced by an increase in lactobacilli abundance. In conclusion, the combination of these specific probiotic strains, previously clinically tested in childbearing-age women, showed to be effective also for post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Malfa
- R&D Department, SynBalance Srl, 21040 Origgio, VA, Italy;
| | - Elisa Viciani
- Wellmicro Srl, 40138 Bologna, BO, Italy; (E.V.); (A.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Dell’Atti
- Immunomics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Marcante
- Wellmicro Srl, 40138 Bologna, BO, Italy; (E.V.); (A.M.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Rosetta Ponchia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (V.D.L.)
- Medical Policlinic Colledoro, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy
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24
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Ma X, Liu Z, Yue C, Wang S, Li X, Wang C, Ling S, Wang Y, Liu S, Gu Y. High-throughput sequencing and characterization of potentially pathogenic fungi from the vaginal mycobiome of giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in estrus and non-estrus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1265829. [PMID: 38333585 PMCID: PMC10850575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1265829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reproduction is of worldwide attention, and the vaginal microbiome is one of the most important factors affecting the reproductive rate of giant pandas. The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of vaginal mycobiota structure, and potential pathogenic fungi in female giant pandas during estrus and non-estrus. Methods This study combined with high-throughput sequencing and laboratory testing to compare the diversity of the vaginal mycobiota in giant pandas during estrus and non-estrus, and to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi. Potentially pathogenic fungi were studied in mice to explore their pathogenicity. Results and discussion The results revealed that during estrus, the vaginal secretions of giant pandas play a crucial role in fungal colonization. Moreover, the diversity of the vaginal mycobiota is reduced and specificity is enhanced. The abundance of Trichosporon and Cutaneotrichosporon in the vaginal mycobiota of giant pandas during estrus was significantly higher than that during non-estrus periods. Apiotrichum and Cutaneotrichosporon were considered the most important genera, and they primarily originate from the environment owing to marking behavior exhibited during the estrous period of giant pandas. Trichosporon is considered a resident mycobiota of the vagina and is an important pathogen that causes infection when immune system is suppressed. Potentially pathogenic fungi were further isolated and identified from the vaginal secretions of giant pandas during estrus, and seven strains of Apiotrichum (A. brassicae), one strain of Cutaneotrichosporon (C. moniliiforme), and nine strains of Trichosporon (two strains of T. asteroides, one strain of T. inkin, one strain of T. insectorum, and five strains of T. japonicum) were identified. Pathogenicity results showed that T. asteroides was the most pathogenic strain, as it is associated with extensive connective tissue replacement and inflammatory cell infiltration in both liver and kidney tissues. The results of this study improve our understanding of the diversity of the vaginal fungi present in giant pandas and will significantly contribute to improving the reproductive health of giant pandas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chanjuan Yue
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinni Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songrui Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Ansari A, You YA, Lee G, Kim SM, Park SW, Hur YM, Kim YJ. Dysbiotic Vaginal Microbiota Induces Preterm Birth Cascade via Pathogenic Molecules in the Vagina. Metabolites 2024; 14:45. [PMID: 38248848 PMCID: PMC10821287 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiotic vaginal microbiota (DVM) disturb the vaginal environment, including pH, metabolite, protein, and cytokine profiles. This study investigated the impact of DVM on the vaginal environment in 40 Korean pregnant women and identified predictable biomarkers of birth outcomes. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) samples were collected in the third trimester using vaginal swabs, examined for pH, and stored at -80 °C for further analysis. The samples were grouped as full-term (FTB, n = 20) and preterm (PTB, n = 20) births. The microbiota was profiled in the V1-V9 regions. The levels of targeted metabolites, TLR-4, and cytokines were determined. The pH of CVF from PTB (>4.5) was significantly higher than that of the CVF from FTB (>3.5) (p < 0.05). Neonatal gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and Apgar score differed significantly between groups. The relative abundances of beneficial Lactobacillus spp., such as Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Bifidobacterium, were higher in FTB, whereas those of pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus, Prevotella, Ureaplasma parvum, and Corynebacterium spp. were higher in PTB. Acetate, methanol, TLR-4, and TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with gestational age at delivery and birth weight. Moreover, ethanol, methanol, TLR-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with succinate, acetate, acetoacetate, formate, and ammonia. Overall, DVM induces preterm birth via pathogenic molecules in the vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbuZar Ansari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
| | - Gain Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
| | - Young Min Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-A.Y.); (G.L.); (S.M.K.); (S.W.P.); (Y.M.H.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
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26
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Graziottin A. Maintaining vulvar, vaginal and perineal health: Clinical considerations. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057231223716. [PMID: 38396383 PMCID: PMC10894559 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231223716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of female genital anatomy and physiology is often inadequate or incorrect among women. Precise patient-physician conversations can be inhibited by a reluctance or inability to speak accurately about the vulva and vagina, with the terms often being used interchangeably. There is a paucity of scientific evidence and clinical guidelines to support women and physicians in ensuring best practices in feminine hygiene. In this review, the unmet needs in the field are highlighted. Evidence is provided for the complex array of physiological and pathological systems, mechanisms and behaviours that either protect or, if inappropriate, predispose the vulva and vagina to infections, irritation or other conditions. The need for attention to perineal health is recommended, given the interdependence of perineal and vulvar microbiota and the risk of colonic pathogens reaching the vulva and the vagina. Differences in feminine hygiene practices can vary widely across the world and among varying age groups, and suboptimal habits (such as vaginal douching or the use of certain cleansers) can be associated with increased risks of vulvar and vaginal conditions. Critical areas for discussion when advising women on their intimate health include: advice surrounding aesthetic vulvar cosmetic trends (such as depilation and genital cosmetic surgery), bowel health and habits, and protection against sexually transmitted infections. Routine, once-daily (maximum twice-daily) washing of the vulva with a pH-balanced, mild cleanser is optimal, ideally soon after bowel voiding, when feasible. Due to the finely balanced ecosystems of the vulva, the vagina and the perineal area, a scientific and clinical perspective is essential when determining the most appropriate vulvar cleansers based on their components. Correct intimate care may contribute to improved genital and sexual health and overall well-being. An increased awareness of correct practices will empower women to be the advocates of their own intimate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Graziottin
- Centre of Gynaecology and Medical Sexology, San Raffaele Resnati Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Specialty School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Specialty School of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Alessandra Graziottin Foundation for the Cure and Care of Pain in Women, NPO, Milan, Italy
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27
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Mahoney D. The Role of the Human Microbiome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:97-105. [PMID: 38805126 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth-leading cause of cancer deaths among women due to the absence of available screening methods to identify early disease. Thus, prevention and early disease detection investigations are of high priority, surrounding a critical window of opportunity to better understand important pathogenic mechanisms of disease progression. Microorganisms modulate molecular interactions in humans that can influence states of health and disease, including ovarian cancer. While the mechanisms of infectious microbial invasion that trigger the immune-inflammatory axis are well studied in cancer research, the complex interactions that promote the transition of noninfectious healthy microbes to pathobiont expansion are less understood. As traditional research has focused on the influences of infectious pathogens on ovarian cancer development and progression, the impact of noninfectious microbes has gained scientific attention. The objective of this chapter is to summarize current evidence on the role of microbiota in epithelial ovarian cancer throughout disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Mahoney
- Franklin D. Gaines & Beverly J. Gaines Tipton Endowed Professor of Oncology Nursing, University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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28
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Galaz J, Romero R, Greenberg JM, Theis KR, Arenas-Hernandez M, Xu Y, Farias-Jofre M, Miller D, Kanninen T, Garcia-Flores V, Gomez-Lopez N. Host-microbiome interactions in distinct subsets of preterm labor and birth. iScience 2023; 26:108341. [PMID: 38047079 PMCID: PMC10692673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth, the leading cause of perinatal morbidity, often follows premature labor, a syndrome whose prevention remains a challenge. To better understand the relationship between premature labor and host-microbiome interactions, we conducted a mechanistic investigation using three preterm birth models. We report that intra-amniotic delivery of LPS triggers inflammatory responses in the amniotic cavity and cervico-vaginal microenvironment, causing vaginal microbiome changes and signs of active labor. Intra-amniotic IL-1α delivery causes a moderate inflammatory response in the amniotic cavity but increasing inflammation in the cervico-vaginal space, leading to vaginal microbiome disruption and signs of active labor. Conversely, progesterone action blockade by RU-486 triggers local immune responses accompanying signs of active labor without altering the vaginal microbiome. Preterm labor facilitates ascension of cervico-vaginal bacteria into the amniotic cavity, regardless of stimulus. This study provides compelling mechanistic insights into the dynamic host-microbiome interactions within the cervico-vaginal microenvironment that accompany premature labor and birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Marcelo Farias-Jofre
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Derek Miller
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tomi Kanninen
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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29
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Ye J, Qi X. Vaginal microecology and its role in human papillomavirus infection and human papillomavirus associated cervical lesions. APMIS 2023. [PMID: 37941500 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The vaginal microecology comprises the vaginal microbiome, immune microenvironment, vaginal anatomy, and the cervicovaginal fluid, which is rich in metabolites, enzymes, and cytokines. Investigating its role in the female reproductive system holds paramount significance. The advent of next-generation sequencing enabled a more profound investigation into the structure of the vaginal microbial community in relation to the female reproductive system. Human papillomavirus infection is prevalent among women of reproductive age, and persistent oncogenic HPV infection is widely recognized as a factor associated with cervical cancer. Extensive previous research has demonstrated that dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota characterized by a reduction in Lactobacillus species, heightens susceptivity to HPV infection, consequently contributing to persistent HPV infection and the progression of cervical lesion. Likewise, HPV infection can exacerbate dysbiosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current literatures and to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between vaginal microecology and HPV infection, with the intention of offering valuable insights for future clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kaltsas A, Zachariou A, Markou E, Dimitriadis F, Sofikitis N, Pournaras S. Microbial Dysbiosis and Male Infertility: Understanding the Impact and Exploring Therapeutic Interventions. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1491. [PMID: 37888102 PMCID: PMC10608462 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota in the genital tract is pivotal for maintaining fertility, but its disruption can lead to male infertility. This study examines the relationship between microbial dysbiosis and male infertility, underscoring the promise of precision medicine in this field. Through a comprehensive review, this research indicates microbial signatures associated with male infertility, such as altered bacterial diversity, the dominance of pathogenic species, and imbalances in the genital microbiome. Key mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis to infertility include inflammation, oxidative stress, and sperm structural deterioration. Emerging strategies like targeted antimicrobial therapies, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown potential in adjusting the genital microbiota to enhance male fertility. Notably, the application of precision medicine, which customizes treatments based on individual microbial profiles and specific causes of infertility, emerges as a promising approach to enhance treatment outcomes. Ultimately, microbial dysbiosis is intricately linked to male infertility, and embracing personalized treatment strategies rooted in precision medicine principles could be the way forward in addressing infertility associated with microbial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Kaltsas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Eleftheria Markou
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Spyridon Pournaras
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon General University Hospital of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Ye J, Zheng L, He Y, Qi X. Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e368. [PMID: 37719443 PMCID: PMC10501338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high-risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, with 70% of cervical cancer cases associated with high-risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a significant financial and psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate HPV infection and halt the progression of precancerous lesions remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying HPV-related cervical lesions, including the viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, and host and environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment methods for HPV-related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Our focus is on immunotherapy, encompassing HPV therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and advanced adoptive T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the commonly employed drugs and other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized in clinical practice for managing HPV infection and associated cervical lesions. Gene editing technology is currently undergoing clinical research and, although not yet employed officially in clinical treatment of cervical lesions, numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. Therefore, it holds promise as a precise treatment strategy for HPV-related cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Lab MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Minooei F, Gilbert NM, Zhang L, Sarah NeCamp M, Mahmoud MY, Kyser AJ, Tyo KM, Watson WH, Patwardhan R, Lewis WG, Frieboes HB, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM. Rapid-dissolving electrospun nanofibers for intra-vaginal antibiotic or probiotic delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:81-93. [PMID: 37479065 PMCID: PMC10530173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of probiotics as an alternative and adjunct to antibiotic treatment for microbiological disturbances of the female genitourinary system requires innovative delivery platforms for vaginal applications. This study developed a new, rapid-dissolving form using electrospun polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibers for delivery of antibiotic metronidazole or probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, and performed evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Fibers did not generate overt pathophysiology or encourage Gardnerella growth in a mouse vaginal colonization model, inducing no alterations in vaginal mucosa at 24 hr post-administration. PEO-fibers incorporating metronidazole (100 µg MET/mg polymer) effectively prevented and treated Gardnerella infections (∼3- and 2.5-log reduction, respectively, 24 hr post treatment) when administered vaginally. Incorporation of live Lactobacillus acidophilus (107 CFU/mL) demonstrated viable probiotic delivery in vitro by PEO and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers to inhibit Gardnerella (108 CFU/mL) in bacterial co-cultures (9.9- and 7.0-log reduction, respectively, 24 hr post-inoculation), and in the presence of vaginal epithelial cells (6.9- and 8.0-log reduction, respectively, 16 hr post-inoculation). Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in PEO-fibers achieved vaginal colonization in mice similar to colonization observed with free Lactobacillus. acidophilus. These experiments provide proof-of-concept for rapid-dissolving electrospun fibers as a successful platform for intra-vaginal antibiotic or probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Minooei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Longyun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mary Sarah NeCamp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kevin M Tyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Walter H Watson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ruta Patwardhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Salmeri N, Sinagra E, Dolci C, Buzzaccarini G, Sozzi G, Sutera M, Candiani M, Ungaro F, Massimino L, Danese S, Mandarino FV. Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together-A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2089. [PMID: 37630649 PMCID: PMC10458414 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic conditions affecting up to 10% of the global population, imposing significant burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Interestingly, around 20% of endometriosis patients also present with symptoms indicative of IBS. The pathogenesis of both these multifactorial conditions remains to be fully elucidated, but connections to gut microbiota are becoming more apparent. Emerging research underscores significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between healthy individuals and those suffering from either endometriosis or IBS. Intestinal dysbiosis appears pivotal in both conditions, exerting an influence via similar mechanisms. It impacts intestinal permeability, triggers inflammatory reactions, and initiates immune responses. Furthermore, it is entwined in a bidirectional relationship with the brain, as part of the gut-brain axis, whereby dysbiosis influences and is influenced by mental health and pain perception. Recent years have witnessed the development of microbiota-focused therapies, such as low FODMAP diets, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, designed to tackle dysbiosis and relieve symptoms. While promising, these treatments present inconsistent data, highlighting the need for further research. This review explores the evidence of gut dysbiosis in IBS and endometriosis, underscoring the similar role of microbiota in both conditions. A deeper understanding of this common mechanism may enable enhanced diagnostics and therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Salmeri
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy;
| | - Carolina Dolci
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Sozzi
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (G.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Sutera
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Contrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (G.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.D.); (G.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Luca Massimino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Francesco Vito Mandarino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.U.); (L.M.); (S.D.); (F.V.M.)
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Garg A, Ellis LB, Love RL, Grewal K, Bowden S, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. Vaginal microbiome in obesity and its impact on reproduction. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 90:102365. [PMID: 37399714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of reproductive outcomes have been increasingly found to be affected by the vaginal microbiota. Obesity has become a global epidemic, affecting increasing numbers of reproductive-age women, and has been shown to be a risk factor for a number of adverse female health outcomes. A healthy vaginal microbiome is characterized by Lactobacillus-dominance, in particular Lactobacillus crispatus; obesity has been found to be associated with higher diversity and a lower likelihood of Lactobacillus-dominance. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the vaginal microbiome in obese women and the impact on reproductive outcomes such as conception rates, early pregnancy, and preterm birth. We further explore the mechanisms by which obesity may result in an altered microbial composition and highlight future avenues for therapeutic targeting of the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Garg
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Burney Ellis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ryan Laurence Love
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Grewal
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Bowden
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Tomczyk K, Chmaj-Wierzchowska K, Wszołek K, Wilczak M. New Possibilities for Hormonal Vaginal Treatment in Menopausal Women. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4740. [PMID: 37510854 PMCID: PMC10380877 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal vaginal therapy is an effective treatment option for women who experience vaginal symptoms related to hormonal changes. Estrogen and prasterone are widely used as vaginal treatments, particularly for urogenital atrophy. These symptoms may include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, and pain during sexual intercourse, all of which can significantly affect a woman's quality of life. Previous studies have indicated that such treatment improves tissue elasticity, moisturizes the vagina, and can have a substantial impact on urine incontinence and vaginal microflora and decreases dyspareunia. Hormonal therapy is also useful and commonly used before vaginal surgical treatment. Prasterone is quite a new option for vaginal therapy in Poland and is mainly recommended for dyspareunia in menopausal women. The study related to prasterone therapy emphasizes its effectiveness and safety, making it advantageous to explore its beneficial impact. This paperwork aims to summarize the mechanism of action as well as the effects of both drugs and their beneficial action during vaginal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tomczyk
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Chmaj-Wierzchowska
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wszołek
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Wilczak
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
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Mu Y, Hu A, Kan H, Li Y, He Y, Fan W, Liu H, Li Q, Zheng Y. Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Linked to Vaginal Bacteriome of Pregnant Females in the Early Second Trimester: a Case-Cohort Design. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2324-2335. [PMID: 36725814 PMCID: PMC9891760 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), one of the greatest challenges facing obstetrics with complicated pathogenesis. This case-cohort study investigated the association between vaginal bacteriome of singleton pregnant females in the early second trimester and PPROM. The study included 35,255 and 180 pregnant females with PPROM as cases and term-birth without prelabor rupture of membranes (TWPROM) and term prelabor rupture of membranes (TPROM) pregnant females as controls, respectively. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the vaginal microbiome traits were analyzed. Females with PPROM had higher alpha and beta diversity (P < 0.05) than TWPROM and TPROM. The presence of L. mulieris was associated with a decreased risk of PPROM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-0.72) compared with TWPROM. Meanwhile, the presence of Megasphaera genus (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.09-4.70), Faecalibacterium genus (aOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.52-7.13), Bifidobacterium genus (aOR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.47-7.24), Xanthomonadales genus (aOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.27-6.01), Gammaproteobacteria class (aOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.09-5.14), and Alphaproteobacteria class (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.26) was associated with an increased risk of PPROM compared with TWPROM. Our results indicated that the risk of PPROM can decrease with vaginal L. mulieris but increase with high alpha or beta diversity, and several vaginal bacteria in pregnant females may be involved in the occurrence of PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Mu
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Anqun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246003, China
| | - Hui Kan
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yining He
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Biostatistics Office, Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Biostatistics Office, Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246003, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246003, China.
| | - Yingjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, National Commission of Health and Family Planning, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Sobstyl A, Chałupnik A, Mertowska P, Grywalska E. How Do Microorganisms Influence the Development of Endometriosis? Participation of Genital, Intestinal and Oral Microbiota in Metabolic Regulation and Immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10920. [PMID: 37446108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabiting the human body play an extremely key role in its proper functioning, as well as in the development of the immune system, which, by maintaining the immune balance, allows you to enjoy health. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, or in the oral cavity or reproductive tract, understood as a change in the number and diversity of all microorganisms inhabiting them, may correlate with the development of many diseases, including endometriosis, as researchers have emphasized. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition defined by the growth of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. Deregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from microbiological disorders may generate chronic inflammation, thus creating an environment conducive to the increased adhesion and angiogenesis involved in the development of endometriosis. In addition, research in recent years has implicated bacterial contamination and immune activation, reduced gastrointestinal function by cytokines, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and abnormal progenitor and stem cell homeostasis, in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this review was to present the influence of intestinal, oral and genital microbiota dysbiosis in the metabolic regulation and immunopathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobstyl
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chałupnik
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bi Z, Wang Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Yuan J, Li L, Guo Y. Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis on vaginal radiotherapy for gynecological cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10105. [PMID: 37344615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis (L.del) on vaginal microbiota (VM) dysbiosis and vaginal radiation injury in gynecologic cancer patients. The inhibitory effects of L.del on cervical cancer cells were also studied in vitro. Gynecologic cancer patients receiving radiotherapy were randomized into control and L.del intervention groups. The control group received radiotherapy, while the intervention group received radiotherapy and L.del intervention (1 capsule/day placed into the deep vagina from the first day of radiotherapy until the end of treatment). Vaginal swab samples were collected on the first day pre-treatment and the last day post-treatment. DNA from 54 patients was extracted and assessed by the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Radiotherapy resulted in vaginal microbiome dysbiosis characterized by increased phylogenetic diversity and increased abundance of Brevundimonas, Streptococcus and Prevotella, but a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus. Level 2 vaginal radiation injury was positively associated with the abundance of Brevundimonas and gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria. Administration of L.del attenuated the reduction of Lactobacillus while also inhibiting the abundance of Streptococcus and Prevotella, thereby ameliorating radiotherapy-related vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. CLD inhibited the in vitro proliferation of SiHa cells by altering the expression of BCL2, HPV16-E6, HPV16-E7, IL6, MAP7, BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and LTF. In conclusion, L. del application can alleviate radiation-induced vaginal dysbiosis and restore Lactobacillus dominance of the vaginal microbiome. Moreover, CLD was found to inhibit cell growth and promote the apoptosis of SiHa cells in vitro. The registration number for this clinical trial is ChiCTR1900021784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Bi
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tiancizhuo Yang
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinhui Liu
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Longjie Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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39
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Tuniyazi M, Zhang N. Possible Therapeutic Mechanisms and Future Perspectives of Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1427. [PMID: 37374929 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body play a crucial role in protecting the host against pathogens and inflammation. Disruptions to the microbial composition can lead to various health issues. Microbial transfer therapy (MTT) has emerged as a potential treatment option to address such issues. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most widely used form of MTT and has been successful in treating several diseases. Another form of MTT is vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT), which involves transferring vaginal microbiota from a healthy female donor to a diseased patient's vaginal cavity with the goal of restoring normal vaginal microbial composition. However, VMT has not been extensively studied due to safety concerns and a lack of research. This paper explores the therapeutic mechanisms of VMT and discusses future perspectives. Further research is necessary to advance the clinical applications and techniques of VMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaiti Tuniyazi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Wang J, Yin T, Liu S. Dysregulation of immune response in PCOS organ system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169232. [PMID: 37215125 PMCID: PMC10196194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder affecting women, which can lead to infertility. Infertility, obesity, hirsutism, acne, and irregular menstruation are just a few of the issues that PCOS can be linked to. PCOS has a complicated pathophysiology and a range of clinical symptoms. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the features of PCOS. The inflammatory environment involves immune and metabolic disturbances. Numerous organ systems across the body, in addition to the female reproductive system, have been affected by the pathogenic role of immunological dysregulation in PCOS in recent years. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are associated with immune cell dysfunction and cytokine imbalance. More importantly, obesity is also involved in immune dysfunction in PCOS, leading to an inflammatory environment in women with PCOS. Hormone, obesity, and metabolic interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Hormone imbalance may also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiological role of immune dysregulation in various organ systems of PCOS patients and provide new ideas for systemic treatment of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Dothard MI, Allard SM, Gilbert JA. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on the microbiomes of postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2023; 26:182-192. [PMID: 37051868 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2173568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The sex steroid hormone estrogen plays a number of regulatory roles in female development. During menopause, estrogen synthesis in the ovaries decreases, which results in adverse physiological remodeling and increased risk of disease. Reduced bone density, changes in the community composition profiles of the gut and vaginal microbiome, mood swings and changes in the vaginal environment are to be expected during this time. To alleviate these changes, postmenopausal women can be prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) through the use of exogenous estradiol, often in conjunction with progestin treatment, which re-induces estrogenic action throughout the body. The microbiome and estrogen have a bidirectional, regulatory relationship in the gut, while in the vaginal environment estrogen works indirectly on the microbiome through restoring the vaginal tissue environment that leads to microbial homeostasis. This review discusses what is known about how the gut and vaginal microbiomes of postmenopausal women are responding to HRT, and the potential future of microbe-based therapeutics for symptoms of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Dothard
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S M Allard
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J A Gilbert
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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42
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Ansari A, Son D, Hur YM, Park S, You YA, Kim SM, Lee G, Kang S, Chung Y, Lim S, Kim YJ. Lactobacillus Probiotics Improve Vaginal Dysbiosis in Asymptomatic Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081862. [PMID: 37111086 PMCID: PMC10143682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal dysbiosis can lead to serious infections in asymptomatic women. Lactobacillus probiotics (LBPs) are being investigated as a promising therapy for reversing vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate whether administering LBPs could improve vaginal dysbiosis and facilitate the colonization of Lactobacillus species in asymptomatic women. 36 asymptomatic women were classified based on the Nugent score as Low-NS (n = 26) and High-NS (n = 10) groups. A combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus CBT LA1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CBT LR5, and Lactobacillus reuteri CBT LU4 was administered orally for 6 weeks. The study found that among women with a High-NS, 60% showed improved vaginal dysbiosis with a Low-NS after LBP intake, while four retained a High-NS. Among women with a Low-NS, 11.5 % switched to a High-NS. Genera associated with vaginal dysbiosis were positively correlated with the alpha diversity or NS, while a negative correlation was observed between Lactobacillus and the alpha diversity and with the NS. Vaginal dysbiosis in asymptomatic women with an HNS improved after 6 weeks of LBP intake, and qRT-PCR revealed the colonization of Lactobacillus spp. in the vagina. These results suggested that oral administration of this LBP could improve vaginal health in asymptomatic women with an HNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbuZar Ansari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooheon Son
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Gain Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Kang
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusook Chung
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lim
- R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Republic of Korea
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43
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Zhao F, Hu X, Ying C. Advances in Research on the Relationship between Vaginal Microbiota and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Gynecological Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040991. [PMID: 37110417 PMCID: PMC10146011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota inhabiting different parts of the body has been shown to have a significant impact on human health, with the gut microbiota being the most extensively studied in relation to disease. However, the vaginal microbiota is also an essential commensal microbiota in the female body that plays a crucial role in female health. Despite receiving less attention than gut microbiota, its importance in regulating reproductive immunity and its complex dynamic properties have been increasingly recognized in recent years. Advances in research on the relationship between vaginal microbiota and pregnancy outcomes & gynecological diseases in women have shed light on the importance of maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiota. In this review, we aim to compile recent developments in the study of the vaginal microbial ecosystem and its role in female health and reproductive outcomes. We provide a comprehensive account of the normal vaginal microbiota, the association between the vaginal microbiota and pregnancy outcomes, and the impact of the vaginal microbiota on gynecological diseases in women. By reviewing recent research, we hope to contribute to the advancement of academic medicine's understanding of the vaginal microbiota's importance in female health. We also aim to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public of the significance of maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiota for better reproductive health and the prevention of gynecological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuju Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianyang Hu
- Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
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44
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Xiao L, Zhao F. Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy. Gut 2023; 72:772-786. [PMID: 36720630 PMCID: PMC10086306 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of the microbiome in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the microbiome and the corresponding immune mechanism between mothers and their offspring during the perinatal period. We aim to present a comprehensive picture of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting before and after delivery. In addition, we discuss the possibility of in utero microbial colonisation during pregnancy, which has been highly debated in recent studies, and highlight the importance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view of the role of the microbial interplay between mothers and infants will refine our current understanding of pregnancy complications as well as diseases in early life and will greatly facilitate the microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of System Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Ahire JJ, Sahoo S, Kashikar MS, Heerekar A, Lakshmi SG, Madempudi RS. In Vitro Assessment of Lactobacillus crispatus UBLCp01, Lactobacillus gasseri UBLG36, and Lactobacillus johnsonii UBLJ01 as a Potential Vaginal Probiotic Candidate. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:275-286. [PMID: 34417721 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Lactobacillus crispatus UBLCp01, Lactobacillus gasseri UBLG36, and Lactobacillus johnsonii UBLJ01 isolated from the vagina of healthy reproductive age Indian women were screened for beneficial probiotic properties. These strains showed the ability to survive acidic and simulated vaginal fluid conditions and could adhere to mucin. Lact. gasseri UBLG36, and Lact. johnsonii UBLJ01 produced D- and L-lactic acid, whereas Lact. crispatus UBLCp01 produced hydrogen peroxide and D- and L-lactic acid. All strains inhibited the growth of pathogens (Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans) and were capable of co-aggregating with them with varying degrees. Strains secreted exopolysaccharides and formed biofilms under in vitro conditions. Safety assessment showed that these strains had a usual antibiotic susceptibility profile, did not produce hemolysins, gelatinases, and mucin degrading enzymes. Based on strain characteristics and beneficial properties, we believe that these strains are promising candidates for human trials to confirm their ability to prevent/treat vaginal dysbiosis and maintain a healthy vaginal eco-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ahire
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - S Sahoo
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - M S Kashikar
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - A Heerekar
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - S G Lakshmi
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - R S Madempudi
- Centre for Research and Development, Unique Biotech Limited, Plot No. 2, Phase II, MN Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
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46
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Wu F, Kong Y, Chen W, Liang D, Xiao Q, Hu L, Tan X, Wei J, Liu Y, Deng X, Liu Z, Chen T. Improvement of vaginal probiotics Lactobacillus crispatus on intrauterine adhesion in mice model and in clinical practice. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:78. [PMID: 36949381 PMCID: PMC10032012 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a frequent acquired endometrial condition, for which there is no effective preventive or treatment. Previous studies have found that vaginal microbiota dysregulation is closely related to endometrial fibrosis and IUA. Therefore, we wondered whether restoration of vaginal microbiota by vaginal administration of L. crispatus could prevent endometrial fibrosis and ameliorate IUA. RESULTS First, we created a mechanically injured mouse model of IUA and restored the mice's vaginal microbiota by the addition of L. crispatus convolvulus. The observations suggested that intrauterine injections of L. crispatus significantly decreased the degree of uterine fibrosis, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in blood, and downregulated the TGF-β1/SMADs signaling pathway in IUA mice. A therapy with L. crispatus considerably raised the abundance of the helpful bacteria Lactobacillus and Oscillospira and restored the balance of the vaginal microbiota in IUA mice, according to high-throughput sequencing. Then we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the therapeutic effect of L. crispatus with estrogen after transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). And the results showed that vaginal probiotics had a better potential to prevent intrauterine adhesion than estrogen. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that L. crispatus could restore vaginal microbiota after intrauterine surgery, inhibit endometrial fibrosis, and finally play a preventive and therapeutic role in IUA. At the same time, it is a new exploration for the treatment of gynecological diseases with vaginal probiotics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/ , identifier (ChiCTR1900022522), registration time: 15/04/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dingfa Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and The Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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47
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Das S, Bhattacharjee MJ, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. Recent advances in understanding of multifaceted changes in the vaginal microenvironment: implications in vaginal health and therapeutics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:256-282. [PMID: 35312419 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2049696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The vagina endures multifaceted changes from neonatal to menopausal phases due to hormonal flux, metabolite deposition, and microbial colonization. These features have important implications in women's health. Several pre-factors show dynamic characteristics according to the phases that shift the vaginal microbiota from anaerobes to aerobes which is a hallmark of healthy vaginal environment. These factors include oestrogen levels, glycogen deposition, and vaginal microstructure. In the adult phase, Lactobacillus is highly dominant and regulates pH, adherence, aggregation, immune modulation, synthesis of bacteriocins, and biosurfactants (BSs) which are antagonistic to pathogens. Maternal factors are protective by favouring the colonization of lactobacilli in the vagina in the neonatal phase, which diminishes with age. The dominance of lactobacilli and dysbiosis in the adult phase depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors in women, which vary between ethnicities. Recent developments in probiotics used against vaginal microbiome dysbiosis have shown great promise in restoring the normal microbiota including preventing the loss of beneficial bacteria. However, further in-depth studies are warranted to ensure long-term protection by probiotics. This review highlights various aspects of the vaginal microenvironment in different phases of growth and diverse ethnicities. Furthermore, it discusses future trends for formulating more effective population-specific probiotics and implications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics as effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Das
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Mojibur Rohman Khan
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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48
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Lyra A, Ala-Jaakkola R, Yeung N, Datta N, Evans K, Hibberd A, Lehtinen MJ, Forssten SD, Ibarra A, Pesonen T, Junnila J, Ouwehand AC, Baranowski K, Maukonen J, Crawford G, Lehtoranta L. A Healthy Vaginal Microbiota Remains Stable during Oral Probiotic Supplementation: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020499. [PMID: 36838464 PMCID: PMC9961720 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind study was to assess whether orally consumed Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 (La-14) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) colonise a healthy human vagina. Furthermore, potential effects on vaginal microbiota and immune markers were explored. Fifty women devoid of vaginal complaints (Nugent score 0-3 and vaginal pH ≤ 4.5) were randomised into a 2-week intervention with either La-14 and HN001 as the verum product or a comparable placebo. Vaginal swab samples were collected at baseline, after one and two weeks of intervention, and after a one-week follow-up, for assessing colonisation of the supplemented lactobacilli, vaginal microbiota, and six specific immune markers. Colonisation of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus was not observed above the assay detection limit (5.29 and 5.11 log 10 genomes/swab for L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus, respectively). Vaginal microbiotas remained stable and predominated by lactobacilli throughout the intervention, and vaginal pH remained optimal (at least 90% of participants in both groups had pH 4.0 or 4.5 throughout the study). Immune markers elafin and human β-defensin 3 (HBD-3) were significantly decreased in the verum group (p = 0.022 and p = 0.028, respectively) but did not correlate with any microbiota changes. Adverse events raised no safety concerns, and no undesired changes in the vaginal microbiota or immune markers were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lyra
- IFF Health & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-547-6502
| | | | | | - Neeta Datta
- IFF Health & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kara Evans
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Madison, WI 53716, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alvin Ibarra
- IFF Health & Biosciences, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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Cappello C, Acin-Albiac M, Pinto D, Polo A, Filannino P, Rinaldi F, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Do nomadic lactobacilli fit as potential vaginal probiotics? The answer lies in a successful selective multi-step and scoring approach. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:27. [PMID: 36774510 PMCID: PMC9921609 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to create a multi-strain probiotic gel that would foster a lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and ensure appropriate eubiosis for the newborn. Nomadic lactobacilli (95 strains), mostly isolated from food sources, were preliminarily screened for functional traits before being characterized for their capability to inhibit the two vaginal pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans, which may lead to adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. Eight best-performing strains were chosen and furtherly investigated for their ability to produce biofilm. Lastly, the two selected potential probiotic candidates were analyzed in vitro for their ability to reduce the inflammation caused by C. albicans infection on the reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (HVE). RESULTS Lactiplantibacillus plantarum produced both isomers of lactic acid, while Lacticaseibacillus paracasei produced only L-isomer. The production of hydrogen peroxide was strain-dependent, with the highest concentrations found within Lact. paracasei strains. The auto-aggregation capacity and hydrophobicity traits were species-independent. S. agalactiae 88II3 was strongly inhibited both at pH 7.0 and 4.0, whereas the inhibition of C. albicans UNIBZ54 was less frequent. Overall, L. plantarum strains had the highest pathogen inhibition and functional scoring. L. plantarum C5 and POM1, which were selected as potential probiotic candidates also based on their ability to form biofilms, were able to counteract the inflammation process caused by C. albicans infection in the HVE model. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-step and cumulative scoring-based approach was proven successful in mining and highlighting the probiotic potential of two nomadic lactobacilli strains (L. plantarum C5 and POM1), being applicable to preserve and improve human vaginal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cappello
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marta Acin-Albiac
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project, Research & Development, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Polo
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Rinaldi
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project, Research & Development, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Wang X, Wang Y, Tang M, Wang X, Xue W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lee WH, Wang Y, Sun TY, Gao Y, Li LL. Controlled Cascade-Release and High Selective Sterilization by Core-Shell Nanogels for Microenvironment Regulation of Aerobic Vaginitis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2202432. [PMID: 36745880 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a gynecological disease associated with vaginal flora imbalance. The nonselective bactericidal nature of antibiotics and low customization rate of probiotic supplementation in existing treatments lead to AV recurrence. Here, a drug delivery strategy is proposed that works with the changing dynamics of the bacterial flora. In particular, a core-shell nanogel (CSNG) is designed to encapsulate prebiotic inulin and antimicrobial peptide Cath 30. The proposed strategy allows for the sequential release of both drugs using gelatinase produced by AV pathogenic bacteria, initially selectively killing pathogenic bacteria and subsequently promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. In a simulated infection environment in vitro, the outer layer of CSNGs, Cath 30 is rapidly degraded and potently killed the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus at 2-6 h. CSNGs enhances proliferation of the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus crispatus by more than 50% at 24 h. In a rat AV model, the drug delivery strategy precisely regulated the bacterial microenvironment while controlling the inflammatory response of the vaginal microenvironment. This new treatment approach, configured on demand and precisely controlled, offers a new strategy for the treatment of vaginal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Mengteng Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Yi Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Proteins and Peptides Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Universities, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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