1
|
Zeng G, Lin Y, Xie P, Lin J, He Y, Wei J. Association between physical activity & sedentary time on frailty in adults with chronic kidney disease: Cross-sectional NHANES study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 195:112557. [PMID: 39181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A considerable percentage of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are reported to be frail. Lower physical activity and higher sedentary time are most consistently associated with frailty among the potentially alterable risk factors. Although the single effect of physical activity or sedentary time on suppressing frailty have been widely studied, whether physical activity can mitigate or counteract the detrimental consequences of higher sedentary time on frailty among CKD population has never been explored. This study aims to explore whether and to what extent the correlation between sedentary time and frailty was diminished by physical activity among CKD population. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Data were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2018 cycles. Frailty index was assessed using 49-item deficit model. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using the Global Activity Questionnaire. Weighted binary logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline models and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the aforementioned relationship. RESULTS The final sample included 2551 adults aged ≥20 years with CKD, which is represented a weighted number of 4.98 million noninstitutionalized US population. In the fully adjusted model, the group with low physical activity was 1.56 (95 % CI:1.19, 2.03) times more likely to develop frailty than the group with high physical activity and each unit of increase of sedentary time was associated with an 41 % increased risk of frailty (OR = 1.41, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.89). Our findings also indicated that engaging in 1240-6200 MET-min/week of high physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of frailty related to moderate-to-high sedentary time among CKD population (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.49-0.99, P = 0.044). In subgroup analyses, high physical activity was associated with a 0.43-fold (95%CI: 0.24, 0.77) decreased risk of moderate-to-high sedentary time associated with frailty in female groups and a significant modification effect of gender was uncovered (Pinteraction = 0.024). CONCLUSION High physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of frailty related to moderate-to-high sedentary time in adults with CKD, especially in females subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Zeng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peirui Xie
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing He
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hinks A, Power GA. Age-related differences in the loss and recovery of serial sarcomere number following disuse atrophy in rats. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 39095894 PMCID: PMC11295870 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults exhibit a slower recovery of muscle mass following disuse atrophy than young adults. At a smaller scale, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (i.e., sarcomeres in parallel) exhibits this same pattern. Less is known, however, about age-related differences in the recovery of muscle fibre length, driven by increases in serial sarcomere number (SSN), following disuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in SSN adaptations and muscle mechanical function during and following muscle immobilization. We hypothesized that older adult rats would experience a similar magnitude of SSN loss during immobilization, however, take longer to recover SSN than young following cast removal, which would limit the recovery of muscle mechanical function. METHODS We casted the plantar flexors of young (8 months) and old (32 months) male rats in a shortened position for 2 weeks, and assessed recovery during 4 weeks of voluntary ambulation. Following sacrifice, legs were fixed in formalin for measurement of soleus SSN and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) with the un-casted soleus acting as a control. Ultrasonographic measurements of pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT) were conducted weekly. In-vivo active and passive torque-angle relationships were constructed pre-cast, post-cast, and following 4 weeks of recovery. RESULTS From pre- to post-cast, young and older adult rats experienced similar decreases in SSN (-20%, P < 0.001), muscle wet weight (-25%, P < 0.001), MT (-30%), PA (-15%, P < 0.001), and maximum isometric torque (-40%, P < 0.001), but there was a greater increase in passive torque in older (+ 180%, P < 0.001) compared to young adult rats (+ 68%, P = 0.006). Following cast removal, young exhibited quicker recovery of SSN and MT than old, but SSN recovered sooner than PA and MT in both young and old. PCSA nearly recovered and active torque fully recovered in young adult rats, whereas in older adult rats these remained unrecovered at ∼ 75%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that older adult rats retain a better ability to recover longitudinal compared to parallel muscle morphology following cast removal, making SSN a highly adaptable target for improving muscle function in elderly populations early on during rehabilitation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Aging
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/physiopathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/pathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/etiology
- Recovery of Function
- Hindlimb Suspension/adverse effects
- Adaptation, Physiological
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai SY. Lost in translation: challenges of current pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38880726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A healthy lifespan relies on independent living, in which active skeletal muscle is a critical element. The cost of not recognizing and acting earlier on unhealthy or aging muscle could be detrimental, since muscular weakness is inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength and is associated with aging. Exercise is the only effective therapy to delay sarcopenia development and improve muscle health in older adults. Although numerous interventions have been proposed to reduce sarcopenia, none has yet succeeded in clinical trials. This review evaluates the biological gap between recent clinical trials targeting sarcopenia and the preclinical studies on which they are based, and suggests an alternative approach to bridge the discrepancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holm PM, Blankholm AD, Nielsen JL, Bandholm T, Wirth W, Wisser A, Kemnitz J, Eckstein F, Schrøder HM, Wernbom M, Skou ST. Effects of neuromuscular control and strengthening exercises on MRI-measured thigh tissue composition and muscle properties in people with knee osteoarthritis - an exploratory secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152390. [PMID: 38340609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adding strength training to neuromuscular control exercises on thigh tissue composition and muscle properties in people with radiographic-symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS In this exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, using a complete-case approach, participants performed 12 weeks of twice-weekly neuromuscular control exercise and patient education (NEMEX, n = 34) or NEMEX plus quadriceps strength training (NEMEX+ST, n = 29). Outcomes were MRI-measured inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (InterMAT, IntraMAT), quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), knee-extensor strength, specific strength (strength/lean CSA) and 30 s chair-stands. Between-group effects were compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. RESULTS At 12 weeks, responses to NEMEX+ST overlapped with NEMEX for all outcomes. Both groups reduced InterMAT (NEMEX+ST=25 %, NEMEX=21 %); between-group difference: 0.8cm2 (95 % CI: -0.1, 1.7). NEMEX+ST decreased IntraMAT (2 %) and NEMEX increased IntraMAT (4 %); between-group difference 0.1 %-points (-0.3, 0.5). Both groups increased quadriceps CSA and lean CSA (CSA minus IntraMAT), improved knee-extensor strength and specific strength, and improved chair-stand performance with a trend towards greater effects in NEMEX+ST. CONCLUSION Adding strength training to 12 weeks of neuromuscular control exercises provided largely similar effects to neuromuscular control exercises alone in decreasing InterMAT and IntraMAT, in improving knee-extensor strength, CSA and in improving performance-based function in KOA persons, with a trend towards greater effects with additional strength training. Notably, both groups substantially reduced InterMAT and improved specific strength (an index of muscle quality). Our hypothesis-generating work warrants exploration of the roles played by InterMAT and IntraMAT in exercise effects in KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pætur M Holm
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
| | | | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Wirth
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Anna Wisser
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Jana Kemnitz
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Eckstein
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Henrik M Schrøder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Wernbom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Søren T Skou
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Li L, Hondzinski JM, Mao M, Sun W, Song Q. Tai Chi counteracts age-related somatosensation and postural control declines among older adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:152-158. [PMID: 38444520 PMCID: PMC10912684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of a 16-week Tai Chi practice on strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults of different age groups. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. Thirteen participants aged 60-69 years (60-69yr), 11 aged 70-79 years (70-79yr), and 13 aged 80-89 years (80-89yr) completed 16 weeks of 24-form Tai Chi practice. Their ankle and hip peak torque, tactile sensation, ankle and knee kinesthesia, and the root mean square of the center of pressure (Cop-RMS) were measured before (week 0) and after (week 17) practice. Results 80-89yr showed less ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction peak torques (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), and a greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.002) than 60-69yr and 70-79yr. Greater ankle plantar/dorsiflexion and hip abduction torques (p = 0.011, p < 0.001, p = 0.045), improved arch and heel tactile sensation (p = 0.040, p = 0.009), and lower knee flexion/extension kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.044) were observed at week 17. The significant group*practice interaction for the fifth metatarsal head tactile sensation (p = 0.027), ankle plantar/dorsiflexion kinesthesia (p < 0.001, p = 0.004), and the CoP-RMS in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.047) only in 80-89yr revealed greater improvement at week 17. Conclusion Tai Chi practice increased strength, tactile sensation, kinesthesia, and static postural control among older adults. Tai Chi practice improved tactile, kinesthesia sensations, and static postural control among older adults over 80, who presented with worse strength and kinesthesia than their younger counterparts. Tai Chi practice offers a safe exercise option for those aged over 80 to encourage improvements in sensorimotor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Jan M. Hondzinski
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Min Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cisterna B, Malatesta M. Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1833. [PMID: 38339110 PMCID: PMC10855217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Wen Z. The mediating role of inflammaging between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia in aging: a review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 12:109-126. [PMID: 38187366 PMCID: PMC10767199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by the insidious reduction of skeletal muscle mass and strength, detrimentally affects the quality of life in elderly cohorts. Present therapeutic strategies are confined to physiotherapeutic interventions, signaling a critical need for elucidation of the etiological underpinnings to facilitate the development of innovative pharmacotherapies. Recent scientific inquiries have associated mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation with the etiology of sarcopenia. Mitochondria are integral to numerous fundamental cellular processes within muscle tissue, including but not limited to apoptosis, autophagy, signaling via reactive oxygen species, and the maintenance of protein equilibrium. Deviations in mitochondrial dynamics, coupled with compromised oxidative capabilities, autophagic processes, and protein equilibrium, result in disturbances to muscular architecture and functionality. Mitochondrial dysfunction is particularly detrimental as it diminishes oxidative phosphorylation, escalates apoptotic activity, and hinders calcium homeostasis within muscle cells. Additionally, deleterious feedback loops of deteriorated respiration, exacerbated oxidative injury, and diminished quality control mechanisms precipitate the acceleration of muscular senescence. Notably, mitochondria exhibiting deficient energetic metabolism are pivotal in precipitating the shift from normative muscle aging to a pathogenic state. This analytical review meticulously examines the complex interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, persistent inflammation, and the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. It underscores the imperative to alleviate inflammation and amend mitochondrial anomalies within geriatric populations as a strategy to forestall and manage sarcopenia. An initial overview provides a succinct exposition of sarcopenia and its clinical repercussions. The discourse then progresses to an examination of the direct correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and the genesis of sarcopenia. Concomitantly, it accentuates potential synergistic effects between inflammatory responses and mitochondrial insufficiencies during the aging of skeletal muscle, thereby casting light upon emergent therapeutic objectives. In culmination, this review distills the prevailing comprehension of the mitochondrial and inflammatory pathways implicated in sarcopenia and delineates extant lacunae in knowledge to orient subsequent scientific inquiry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, School of Health, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua CollegeShanghai, China
| | - Zixing Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinto AJ, Bergouignan A, Dempsey PC, Roschel H, Owen N, Gualano B, Dunstan DW. Physiology of sedentary behavior. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2561-2622. [PMID: 37326297 PMCID: PMC10625842 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Pinto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pierella C, D'Antuono C, Marchesi G, Menotti CE, Casadio M. A Computer Interface Controlled by Upper Limb Muscles: Effects of a Two Weeks Training on Younger and Older Adults. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; 31:3744-3751. [PMID: 37676798 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3312981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
As the population worldwide ages, there is a growing need for assistive technology and effective human-machine interfaces to address the wider range of motor disabilities that older adults may experience. Motor disabilities can make it difficult for individuals to perform basic daily tasks, such as getting dressed, preparing meals, or using a computer. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of two weeks of training with a myoelectric computer interface (MCI) on motor functions in younger and older adults. Twenty people were recruited in the study: thirteen younger (range: 22-35 years old) and seven older (range: 61-78 years old) adults. Participants completed six training sessions of about 2 hours each, during which the activity of right and left biceps and trapezius were mapped into a control signal for the cursor of a computer. Results highlighted significant improvements in cursor control, and therefore in muscle coordination, in both groups. All participants with training became faster and more accurate, although people in different age range learned with a different dynamic. Results of the questionnaire on system usability and quality highlighted a general consensus about easiness of use and intuitiveness. These findings suggest that the proposed MCI training can be a powerful tool in the framework of assistive technologies for both younger and older adults. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration and intensity of MCI training for different age groups and to investigate long-term effects of training on physical and cognitive function.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hansson KA, Eftestøl E. Scaling of nuclear numbers and their spatial arrangement in skeletal muscle cell size regulation. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:pe3. [PMID: 37339435 PMCID: PMC10398882 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-09-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells display considerable functional plasticity and depend on the regulation of numerous organelles and macromolecules for their maintenance. In large cells, organelles also need to be carefully distributed to supply the cell with essential resources and regulate intracellular activities. Having multiple copies of the largest eukaryotic organelle, the nucleus, epitomizes the importance of scaling gene products to large cytoplasmic volumes in skeletal muscle fibers. Scaling of intracellular constituents within mammalian muscle fibers is, however, poorly understood, but according to the myonuclear domain hypothesis, a single nucleus supports a finite amount of cytoplasm and is thus postulated to act autonomously, causing the nuclear number to be commensurate with fiber volume. In addition, the orderly peripheral distribution of myonuclei is a hallmark of normal cell physiology, as nuclear mispositioning is associated with impaired muscle function. Because underlying structures of complex cell behaviors are commonly formalized by scaling laws and thus emphasize emerging principles of size regulation, the work presented herein offers more of a unified conceptual platform based on principles from physics, chemistry, geometry, and biology to explore cell size-dependent correlations of the largest mammalian cell by means of scaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenth-Arne Hansson
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim JY, Frontera WR. Skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia: Perspectives from mechanical studies of single permeabilized muscle fibers. J Biomech 2023; 152:111559. [PMID: 37027961 PMCID: PMC10164716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The decline in muscle mass and strength with age is well documented and associated with weakness, decreased flexibility, vulnerability to diseases and/or injuries, and impaired functional restoration. The term sarcopenia has been used to refer to the loss of muscle mass, strength and impaired physical performance with advanced adult age and recently has become a major clinical entity in a super-aged society. To understand the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, it is essential to explore the age-related changes in the intrinsic properties of muscle fibers. Mechanical experiments with single muscle fibers have been conducted during the last 80 years and applied to human muscle research in the last 45 years as an in-vitro muscle function test. Fundamental active and passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle can be evaluated using the isolated permeabilized (chemically skinned) single muscle fiber preparation. Changes in the intrinsic properties of older human single muscle fibers can be useful biomarkers of aging and sarcopenia. In this review, we summarize the historical development of single muscle fiber mechanical studies, the definition and diagnosis of muscle aging and sarcopenia, and age-related change of active and passive mechanical properties in single muscle fibers and discuss how these changes can be used to assess muscle aging and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physiology and Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui CY, Ferrucci L, Gorospe M. Macrophage Involvement in Aging-Associated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091214. [PMID: 37174614 PMCID: PMC10177543 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ composed of contractile muscle fibers, connective tissues, blood vessels and nerve endings. Its main function is to provide motility to the body, but it is also deeply involved in systemic metabolism and thermoregulation. The skeletal muscle frequently encounters microinjury or trauma, which is primarily repaired by the coordinated actions of muscle stem cells (satellite cells, SCs), fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and multiple immune cells, particularly macrophages. During aging, however, the capacity of skeletal muscle to repair and regenerate declines, likely contributing to sarcopenia, an age-related condition defined as loss of muscle mass and function. Recent studies have shown that resident macrophages in skeletal muscle are highly heterogeneous, and their phenotypes shift during aging, which may exacerbate skeletal muscle deterioration and inefficient regeneration. In this review, we highlight recent insight into the heterogeneity and functional roles of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration, particularly as it declines with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Cui
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mayfield DL, Cronin NJ, Lichtwark GA. Understanding altered contractile properties in advanced age: insights from a systematic muscle modelling approach. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:309-337. [PMID: 36335506 PMCID: PMC9958200 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations of skeletal muscle are numerous and present inconsistently, and the effect of their interaction on contractile performance can be nonintuitive. Hill-type muscle models predict muscle force according to well-characterised contractile phenomena. Coupled with simple, yet reasonably realistic activation dynamics, such models consist of parameters that are meaningfully linked to fundamental aspects of muscle excitation and contraction. We aimed to illustrate the utility of a muscle model for elucidating relevant mechanisms and predicting changes in output by simulating the individual and combined effects on isometric force of several known ageing-related adaptations. Simulating literature-informed reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity generated predictions at odds qualitatively with the characteristic slowing of contraction speed. Conversely, incorporating slower Ca2+ removal or a fractional increase in type I fibre area emulated expected changes; the former was required to simulate slowing of the twitch measured experimentally. Slower Ca2+ removal more than compensated for force loss arising from a large reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity or moderate reduction in Ca2+ release, producing realistic age-related shifts in the force-frequency relationship. Consistent with empirical data, reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity reduced maximum tetanic force only slightly, even when acting in concert, suggesting a modest contribution to lower specific force. Lower tendon stiffness and slower intrinsic shortening speed slowed and prolonged force development in a compliance-dependent manner without affecting force decay. This work demonstrates the advantages of muscle modelling for exploring sources of variation and identifying mechanisms underpinning the altered contractile properties of aged muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Mayfield
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA.
| | - Neil J Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Henning F, Kohn TA. Preservation of shortening velocity and power output in single muscle fibres from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 44:1-10. [PMID: 36517707 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune disorders of skeletal muscle causing weakness and disability. Utilizing single fibre contractility studies, we have previously shown that contractility is affected in muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs. For the current study, we hypothesized that a compensatory increase in shortening velocity occurs in muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs in an effort to maintain power output. We performed in vitro single fibre contractility studies to assess force-velocity relationships and maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) of muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs (25 type I and 58 type IIA) and healthy controls (66 type I and 27 type IIA) and calculated maximum power output (Wmax) for each fibre. We found significantly higher Vmax (mean ± SEM) of fibres from individuals with IIMs, for both type I (1.40 ± 0.31 fibre lengths/s, n = vs. 0.63 ± 0.13 fibre lengths/s; p = 0.0019) and type IIA fibres (2.00 ± 0.17 fibre lengths/s vs 0.77 ± 0.10 fibre lengths/s; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, Wmax (mean ± SEM) was maintained compared to fibres from healthy controls, again for both type I and type IIA fibres (4.10 ± 1.00 kN/m2·fibre lengths/s vs. 2.00 ± 0.16 kN/m2·fibre lengths/s; p = ns and 9.00 ± 0.64 kN/m2·fibre lengths/s vs. 6.00 ± 0.67 kN/m2·fibre lengths/s; p = ns respectively). In addition, type I muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs was able to develop maximum power output at lower relative force. The findings of this study suggest that compensatory responses to maintain power output, including increased maximum shortening velocity and improved efficiency, may occur in muscle of individuals with IIMs. The mechanism underlying this response is unclear, and different hypotheses are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franclo Henning
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tertius Abraham Kohn
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grosicki GJ, Zepeda CS, Sundberg CW. Single muscle fibre contractile function with ageing. J Physiol 2022; 600:5005-5026. [PMID: 36268622 PMCID: PMC9722590 DOI: 10.1113/jp282298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by decrements in the size and function of skeletal muscle that compromise independence and quality of life in older adults. Developing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate these changes is critical but requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiology. Over the past 25 years, studies on the contractile mechanics of isolated human muscle fibres have been instrumental in facilitating our understanding of the cellular mechanisms contributing to age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to characterize the changes that occur in single muscle fibre size and contractile function with ageing and identify key areas for future research. Surprisingly, most studies observe that the size and contractile function of fibres expressing slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) I are well-preserved with ageing. In contrast, there are profound age-related decrements in the size and contractile function of the fibres expressing the MHC II isoforms. Notably, lifelong aerobic exercise training is unable to prevent most of the decrements in fast fibre contractile function, which have been implicated as a primary mechanism for the age-related loss in whole-muscle power output. These findings reveal a critical need to investigate the effectiveness of other nutritional, pharmaceutical or exercise strategies, such as lifelong resistance training, to preserve fast fibre size and function with ageing. Moreover, integrating single fibre contractile mechanics with the molecular profile and other parameters important to contractile function (e.g. phosphorylation of regulatory proteins, innervation status, mitochondrial function, fibre economy) is necessary to comprehensively understand the ageing skeletal muscle phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos S. Zepeda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher W. Sundberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Rationale and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122588. [PMID: 36559079 PMCID: PMC9782427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense. This review re-establishes the most recent evidence on mitochondrial defects that are thought to be relevant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and that may represent promising therapeutic targets for its prevention/treatment. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of action and translational potential of promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems, including molecules able to boost the metabolism and bioenergetics, counteract apoptosis, antioxidants to scavenge reactive species and decrease oxidative stress, and target mitophagy. Even though these mitochondria-delivered strategies demonstrate to be promising in preclinical models, their use needs to be promoted for clinical studies. Therefore, there is a compelling demand to further understand the mechanisms modulating mitochondrial homeostasis, to characterize powerful compounds that target muscle mitochondria to prevent sarcopenia in aged people.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bioenergetic Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue in Murine Tongue. Dysphagia 2022:10.1007/s00455-022-10537-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMuscle fatigue is the diminution of force required for a particular action over time. Fatigue may be particularly pronounced in aging muscles, including those used for swallowing actions. Because risk for swallowing impairment (dysphagia) increases with aging, the contribution of muscle fatigue to age-related dysphagia is an emerging area of interest. The use of animal models, such as mice and rats (murine models) allows experimental paradigms for studying the relationship between muscle fatigue and swallowing function with a high degree of biological precision that is not possible in human studies. The goal of this article is to review basic experimental approaches to the study of murine tongue muscle fatigue related to dysphagia. Traditionally, murine muscle fatigue has been studied in limb muscles through direct muscle stimulation and behavioral exercise paradigms. As such, physiological and bioenergetic markers of muscle fatigue that have been validated in limb muscles may be applicable in studies of cranial muscle fatigue with appropriate modifications to account for differences in muscle architecture, innervation ratio, and skeletal support. Murine exercise paradigms may be used to elicit acute fatigue in tongue muscles, thereby enabling study of putative muscular adaptations. Using these approaches, hypotheses can be developed and tested in mice and rats to allow for future focused studies in human subjects geared toward developing and optimizing treatments for age-related dysphagia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Liu C, Zhang L, Liu N, Wang L, Wu J, Wang Y, Hao H, Cao L, Yuan S, Huang L. Prevalence and associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia: findings from a Chinese community-dwelling old adults cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:592. [PMID: 35850661 PMCID: PMC9290196 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the prevalence and analyse the associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia among community-dwelling old adults in China, in order to provide effective strategies for early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated community-dwelling old adults aged over 60 years. The basic information, morphological indices, body composition, physical activities were collected and assessed. Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia were diagnosed by the criteria of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019. A multivariate logistic regression model with stepwise method was employed to identify factors associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Results In total 729 old adults from Tianjin were included in this study. Eighty-one participants were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia (prevalence of 11.11%). Seventy-five participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia (prevalence of 10.29%). Age (odds ratio (OR):1.047, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055–1.090) and lower physical activities (low level OR:4.171, 95% CI:1.790–9.720; medium level OR:2.634, 95% CI:1.352–5.132) were significantly associated with possible sarcopenia. Age (OR:1.187, 95% CI:1.124–1.253), higher body fat percentage (OR:1.225, 95% CI:1.140–1.317), lower BMI (OR:0.424, 95% CI:0.346–0.519), lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (OR:0.865,95% CI:0.781–0.958) and low physical activities (OR:4.638, 95% CI:1.683–12.782) were significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia are prevalent among community-dwelling old adults in China. Ageing and lower physical activities were both associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Old adults with sarcopenia more likely have higher body fat percentage, lower BMI and lower cognitive function compared with those without this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Changge Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiong Wu
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yizhao Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Hao
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Cao
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Yuan
- Tianjin Yanan Hospital, No. 45 Yashi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liping Huang
- Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kajzar J, Janatová M, Hill M, Otáhal J, Nechlebová E, Tichý M, Krejčí M. Performance of Homebalance Test in an Assessment of Standing Balance in Elderly Adults. Physiol Res 2022; 71:305-315. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance control is a critical task of daily life, the ability to maintain upright posture becomes of particular concern during aging when the sensory and motor system becomes deteriorated. Falls contribute to the most deaths caused by injury within the aged population, and the mortality rate following a fall is drastically elevated. Longitudinal and reliable assessment of balance control abilities is a critical point in the prediction of increased risk of falling in an elderly population. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Homebalance test in the identification of persons being at higher risk of falling. 135 subjects (82 women and 53 men) with geriatric syndrome have been recruited and the Homebalance and the Tinetti Balance test were performed. Results of both tests strongly correlated proving the good performance of the Homebalance test. Standing balance declines with increasing body mass index in both genders. Analysis of fluctuations of the center of pressure (COP) revealed higher frequency and magnitude in mediolateral direction COP movements when compared women to men. A strong negative correlation has been found between Tinetti static balance score and the total length of the COP trajectory during the examination on Homebalance (r = -0.6, p<0.001). Although both methods revealed good performance in detecting balance impairment, Homebalance test possesses higher precision due to the continuous nature of COP-derived parameters. In conclusion, our data proved that the Homebalance test is capable to identify persons with impaired balance control and thus are at higher risk of falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kajzar
- College of Physical Education and Sport PALESTRA, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Mosole S, Rossini K, Kern H, Löfler S, Fruhmann H, Vogelauer M, Burggraf S, Grim-Stieger M, Cvečka J, Hamar D, Sedliak M, Šarabon N, Pond A, Biral D, Carraro U, Zampieri S. Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise (2013, revisited here in 2022). Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234026 PMCID: PMC8992670 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013 we presented results showing that at the histological level lifelong increased physical activity promotes reinnervation of muscle fibers in aging muscles. Indeed, in muscle biopsies from 70-year old men with a lifelong history of high-level physical activity, we observed a considerable increase in fiber-type groupings (F-TG), almost exclusively of the slow type. Slow-type transformation by denervation-reinnervation in senior sportsmen seems to fluctuate from those with scarce fiber-type transformation and groupings to almost fully transformed muscle, going through a process in which isolated fibers co-expressing fast and slow Myosin Heavy Chains (MHCs) seems to fill the gaps. Taken together, our results suggest that, beyond the direct effects of aging on the muscle fibers, changes occurring in skeletal muscle tissue appear to be largely, although not solely, a result of sparse denervation-reinnervation. The lifelong exercise allows the body to adapt to the consequences of the age-related denervation and to preserve muscle structure and function by saving otherwise lost muscle fibers through recruitment to different, mainly slow, motor units. These beneficial effects of high-level life-long exercise on motoneurons, specifically on the slow type motoneurones that are those with higher daily activity, and on muscle fibers, serve to maintain size, structure and function of muscles, delaying the functional decline and loss of independence that are commonly seen in late aging. Several studies of independent reserchers with independent analyses confirmed and cited our 2013 results. Thus, the results we presented in our paper in 2013 seem to have held up rather well. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01679977
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mosole
- Laboratory of Translation Myology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | - Katia Rossini
- Laboratory of Translation Myology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | - Hannah Fruhmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | - Michael Vogelauer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna.
| | - Samantha Burggraf
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| | | | - Ján Cvečka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava.
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava.
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, Bratislava.
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesilogical Research, Koper.
| | - Amber Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL.
| | - Donatella Biral
- C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua.
| | - Ugo Carraro
- Laboratory of Translation Myology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua.
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Laboratory of Translation Myology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang S, Cui J, Zhang LQ, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Cai JP. Role of a Urinary Biomarker in the Common Mechanism of Physical Performance and Cognitive Function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:816822. [PMID: 35252255 PMCID: PMC8894651 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.816822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHealthy aging is described as a process of developing and maintaining intrinsic abilities, including physical and cognitive functions. Although oxidative stress is a common mechanism shared by loss of muscle strength and dementia, its relationship with decreased physical performance and cognitive impairment remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGsn), a biomarker of oxidative damage to RNA, in physical and cognitive decline.MethodsThe study followed a cross-sectional design and recruited 40–94-year-old inhabitants of Beijing, China (471 men and 881 women). The physical performance of the participants was assessed using handgrip strength, walking speed, and the repeated chair stand test. The cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 5-min protocol. Urinary 8-oxoGsn levels were measured for all participants.ResultsParticipants with high urinary 8-oxoGsn levels were more likely to have low grip strength, slow walking speed, poor performance in the repeated chair stand test, and low scores on the MoCA 5-min protocol (odds ratio [OR] 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–7.76; OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.53; OR 2.06, 95% CI: 0.92–4.63; OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.18–2.58), after adjusting for age, sex, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, cerebro-cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.ConclusionElevated levels of oxidative stress are independently associated with cognitive and physical impairment. Thus, these results can help in the early identification and development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of intrinsic capacity decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Longtan Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Ping Cai
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Skoglund E, Lundberg TR, Rullman E, Fielding RA, Kirn DR, Englund DA, von Berens Å, Koochek A, Cederholm T, Berg HE, Gustafsson T. Functional improvements to 6 months of physical activity are not related to changes in size or density of multiple lower-extremity muscles in mobility-limited older individuals. Exp Gerontol 2022; 157:111631. [PMID: 34813901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Older adults are encouraged to engage in multicomponent physical activity, which includes aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. The current work is an extension of the Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 (VIVE2) study - a 6-month multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of physical activity and nutritional supplementation in community dwelling 70-year-old seniors. Here, we examined whether the magnitude of changes in muscle size and quality differed between major lower-extremity muscle groups and related these changes to functional outcomes. We also examined whether daily vitamin-D-enriched protein supplementation could augment the response to structured physical activity. Forty-nine men and women (77 ± 5 yrs) performed brisk walking, muscle-strengthening exercises for the lower limbs, and balance training 3 times weekly for 6 months. Participants were randomized to daily intake of a nutritional supplement (20 g whey protein + 800 IU vitamin D), or a placebo. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA) were assessed in 8 different muscle groups using single-slice CT scans of the hip, thigh, and calf at baseline and after the intervention. Walking speed and performance in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were also measured. For both CSA and RA, there were muscle group × time interactions (P < 0.01). Significant increases in CSA were observed in 2 of the 8 muscles studied, namely the knee extensors (1.9%) and the hip adductors (2.8%). For RA, increases were observed in 4 of 8 muscle groups, namely the hip flexors (1.1 HU), hip adductors (0.9 HU), knee extensors (1.2 HU), and ankle dorsiflexors (0.8 HU). No additive effect of nutritional supplementation was observed. While walking speed (13%) and SPPB performance (38%) improved markedly, multivariate analysis showed that these changes were not associated with the changes in muscle CSA and RA after the intervention. We conclude that this type of multicomponent physical activity program results in significant improvements in physical function despite relatively small changes in muscle size and quality of some, but not all, of the measured lower extremity muscles involved in locomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobles Allé 8B, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tommy R Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobles Allé 8B, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobles Allé 8B, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Dylan R Kirn
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Davis A Englund
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Åsa von Berens
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sveavägen 155, 113 46 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Afsaneh Koochek
- Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics, Uppsala University, Box 560, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hans E Berg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden & Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobles Allé 8B, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arjun MV, Rajaseker S. Association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder: A cross sectional study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:406-410. [PMID: 34776170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most common shoulder conditions characterized by pain, restricted range of motion and high morbidity. Though FS is known as adhesive capsulitis, presence of capsular adhesions has been rebutted and the nomenclature adhesive capsulitis is debated. It has been proposed that FS is a condition of cytokine driven capsular, ligamentous fibrosis and contracture. Despite extensive research on it, still it is unclear that how far the capsular contracture contribute to range of motion restriction in FS. Evidence also suggested that myofascial trigger points play a role in restricted range of motion. OBJECTIVE To find an association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD 143 Patients were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which 100 patients, were selected for the study. Manual palpation was performed to look for subscapularis muscle trigger points via axillary approach on both the affected and unaffected side. Trigger point diagnosing criteria was used to diagnose subscapularis trigger points. RESULTS Results have shown that there was an association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder (X 2 = 32.151 P < 0.0001) on the affected side. We used Phi coefficient to measure the degree of association which denotes (Phi = 0.567 P < 0.0001) strong association between frozen shoulder and subscapularis trigger point on the affected side compared to unaffected side (X 2 9.157; P < 0.002: Phi:0.303: P < 0.002). CONCLUSION This study concluded that there appears to be a strong association between subscapularis trigger point and frozen shoulder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Arjun
- College of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, India.
| | - S Rajaseker
- College of Physiotherapy Srinivas University, Mangaluru, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kalakoutis M, Di Giulio I, Douiri A, Ochala J, Harridge SDR, Woledge RC. Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13719. [PMID: 34286921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross-sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five-fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between-study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X-100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Roger C. Woledge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilburn D, Ismaeel A, Machek S, Fletcher E, Koutakis P. Shared and distinct mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101463. [PMID: 34534682 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function is an incredibly nuanced balance of anabolism and catabolism that can become distorted within different pathological conditions. In this paper we intend to discuss the distinct intracellular signaling events that regulate muscle protein atrophy for a given clinical occurrence. Aside from the common outcome of muscle deterioration, several conditions have at least one or more distinct mechanisms that creates unique intracellular environments that facilitate muscle loss. The subtle individuality to each of these given pathologies can provide both researchers and clinicians with specific targets of interest to further identify and increase the efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Steven Machek
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pinel S, Kelp NY, Bugeja JM, Bolsterlee B, Hug F, Dick TJM. Quantity versus quality: Age-related differences in muscle volume, intramuscular fat, and mechanical properties in the triceps surae. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111594. [PMID: 34673171 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With aging comes reductions in the quality and size of skeletal muscle. These changes influence the force-generating capacity of skeletal muscle and contribute to movement deficits that accompany aging. Although declines in strength remain a significant barrier to mobility in older adults, the association between age-related changes in muscle structure and function remain unresolved. In this study, we compared age-related differences in (i) muscle volume and architecture, (ii) the quantity and distribution of intramuscular fat, and (iii) muscle shear modulus (an index of stiffness) in the triceps surae in 21 younger (24.6 ± 4.3 years) and 15 older (70.4 ± 2.4 years) healthy adults. Additionally, we explored the relationship between muscle volume, architecture, intramuscular fat and ankle plantar flexion strength in young and older adults. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine muscle volume and intramuscular fat content. B-mode ultrasound was used to quantify muscle architecture, shear-wave elastography was used to measure shear modulus, and ankle strength was measured during maximal isometric plantar flexion contractions. We found that older adults displayed higher levels of intramuscular fat yet similar muscle volumes in the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus, compared to younger adults. These age-related higher levels of intramuscular fat were associated with lower muscle shear modulus in the LG and MG. We also found that muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) that accounted for age-associated differences in intramuscular fat showed a modest increase in its association with ankle strength compared to PCSA that did not account for fat content. This highlights that skeletal muscle fat infiltration plays a role in age-related strength deficits, but does not fully explain the age-related loss in muscle strength, suggesting that other factors play a more significant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pinel
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Groningen, Faculty of Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Y Kelp
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica M Bugeja
- The University of Queensland, School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bart Bolsterlee
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - François Hug
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of New South Wales, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France; Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Taylor J M Dick
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Avitabile CM, Saavedra S, Sivakumar N, Goldmuntz E, Paridon SM, Zemel BS. Marked skeletal muscle deficits are associated with 6-minute walk distance in paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:1426-1433. [PMID: 33568240 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor growth is common in children with pulmonary hypertension; however, skeletal muscle deficits have not been described and the association between muscle deficits and functional status is unknown. METHODS Patients aged 8-18 years with pulmonary hypertension (diagnostic Groups 1, 2, or 3) and World Health Organization functional class I or II underwent dual-energy absorptiometry to measure leg lean mass Z-score (a surrogate for skeletal muscle). Muscle strength was assessed using dynamometry. Physical activity questionnaires were administered. Clinical data, including 6-minute walk distance, were reviewed. Relationships between skeletal muscle, physical activity score, and 6-minute walk distance were assessed by correlations and linear regression. RESULTS Sixteen patients (12.1 ± 3.2 years, 50% female, 56% Group 1, 56% functional class II) were enrolled. Leg lean mass Z-score was significantly less than reference data (-1.40 ± 1.12 versus 0.0 ± 0.9, p < 0.001) and worse in those with functional class II versus I (-2.10 ± 0.83 versus -0.50 ± 0.73, p < 0.01). Leg lean mass Z-score was positively associated with right ventricular systolic function by tricuspid annular plane systolic Z-score (r = 0.54, p = 0.03) and negatively associated with indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.78, p < 0.001). Leg lean mass Z-score and forearm strength were positively associated with physical activity score. When physical activity score was held constant, leg lean mass Z-score independently predicted 6-minute walk distance (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Youth with pulmonary hypertension demonstrate marked skeletal muscle deficits in association with exercise intolerance. Future studies should investigate whether low leg lean mass is a marker of disease severity or an independent target that can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Avitabile
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sofia Saavedra
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithya Sivakumar
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen M Paridon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jayawardena TU, Kim SY, Jeon YJ. Sarcopenia; functional concerns, molecular mechanisms involved, and seafood as a nutritional intervention - review article. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1983-2003. [PMID: 34459311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental basis for the human function is provided by skeletal muscle. Advancing age causes selective fiber atrophy, motor unit loss, and hybrid fiber formation resulting in hampered mass and strength, thus referred to as sarcopenia. Influence on the loss of independence of aged adults, contribute toward inclined healthcare costs conveys the injurious impact. The current understating of age-related skeletal muscle changes are addressed in this review, and further discusses mechanisms regulating protein turnover, although they do not completely define the process yet. Moreover, the reduced capacity of muscle regeneration due to impairment of satellite cell activation and proliferation with neuronal, immunological, hormonal factors were brought into the light of attention. Nevertheless, complete understating of sarcopenia requires disentangling it from disuse and disease. Nutritional intervention is considered a potentially preventable factor contributing to sarcopenia. Seafood is a crucial player in the fight against hunger and malnutrition, where it consists of macro and micronutrients. Hence, the review shed light on seafood as a nutritional intrusion in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. Understanding multiple factors will provide therapeutic targets in the prevention, treatment, and overcoming adverse effects of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Division of Practical Application, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo-si, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vive S, Elam C, Bunketorp-Käll L. Comfortable and Maximum Gait Speed in Individuals with Chronic Stroke and Community-Dwelling Controls. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:106023. [PMID: 34375858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between maximum and comfortable gait speed in individuals with mild to moderate disability in the chronic phase of stroke is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between comfortable and maximum gait speed in individuals with chronic stroke and whether the relationship differ from that seen in a community-dwelling elderly population. Further, we investigate the influence of age, gender, time post-stroke and degree of disability on gait speed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gait speed was measured using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and the 30-meter walk test (30MWT) in 104 older individuals with chronic stroke and 154 community-dwelling controls, respectively. RESULTS We found that the maximum gait speed in individuals with stroke could be estimated by multiplying the comfortable speed by 1.41. This relationship differed significantly from that of the control group, for which the corresponding factor was 1.20. In the stroke group, age, gender and time post-stroke did not affect the relationship, whereas the degree of disability was negatively correlated with maximum speed - but not when included in the multiple analysis. In the community-dwelling population, higher age and female gender had a negative relationship with maximum gait speed. When correcting for those parameters, the coefficient was 1.07. CONCLUSIONS The maximum gait speed in the chronic phase of stroke can be estimated by multiplying the individual's comfortable gait speed by 1.41. This estimation is not impacted by age, gender, degree of disability and time since stroke. A similar but weaker relationship can be seen in the community-dwelling controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vive
- Section for Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Neurocampus, Sophiahemmet Hospital, Box 5605, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Elam
- Section for Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lina Bunketorp-Käll
- Section for Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities (C.A.R.E.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Atala NA, Bongiovanni SL, Galich AM, Bruchmann MG, Rossi LA, Tanoira I, Ranalletta M. Is sarcopenia a risk factor for rotator cuff tears? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:1851-1855. [PMID: 33157241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of muscle function with aging. Currently, it is considered an independent risk factor for falls and fractures, disability, postoperative complications, and mortality. Rotator cuff tears are known to be influenced by systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disease, and osteoporosis. The aim of our study was to determine if there is a correlation between sarcopenia prevalence and rotator cuff tears. METHODS This is a prospective case-control study. Between May 2017 and May 2018, 106 patients were evaluated and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (cases) included 53 consecutive patients with chronic symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears (mean age, 72 ± 5 years), and group 2 (controls) included 53 patients without rotator cuff tears (mean age, 71 ± 6 years). Sarcopenia was diagnosed with the presence of 2 of 3 criteria: low skeletal muscle mass, inadequate muscle strength, and inadequate physical performance. Rotator cuff integrity was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging in all patients. RESULTS No significant differences were found in baseline data and demographic factors between the groups, except for the smoking habit (P = .02). The prevalence of sarcopenia was not significantly different between the groups, nor were gait speed, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass index (P = .15, .99, and .9, respectively). CONCLUSION The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with rotator cuff tears was similar to an age- and sex-matched control population. Thus, with these results, we are not able to consider sarcopenia as an independent risk factor for rotator cuff tears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A Atala
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Santiago L Bongiovanni
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Galich
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Bruchmann
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano A Rossi
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Tanoira
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Ranalletta
- Shoulder Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Quinlan JI, Franchi MV, Gharahdaghi N, Badiali F, Francis S, Hale A, Phillips BE, Szewczyk N, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Maganaris C, Atherton PJ, Narici MV. Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience 2021; 43:1567-1584. [PMID: 34196903 PMCID: PMC8492846 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions are metabolically less demanding and, thus, may be more suitable for older populations. However, whether submaximal (60% 1RM) CON or ECC contractions differ in their effectiveness is relatively unknown. Further, whether the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations differs to the above is also unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations to submaximal CON and ECC RET. Twenty healthy young (24.5 ± 5.1 years) and 17 older males (68.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated to either isolated CON or ECC RET which took place 3/week for 8 weeks. Tendon biomechanical properties, muscle architecture and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed every 2 weeks and quadriceps muscle volume every 4 weeks. Positive changes in tendon Young's modulus were observed after 4 weeks in all groups after which adaptations in young males plateaued but continued to increase in older males, suggesting a dampened rate of adaptation with age. However, both CON and ECC resulted in similar overall changes in tendon Young's modulus, in all groups. Muscle hypertrophy and strength increases were similar between CON and ECC in all groups. However, pennation angle increases were greater in CON, and fascicle length changes were greater in ECC. Notably, muscle and tendon adaptations appeared to occur in synergy, presumably to maintain the efficacy of the muscle-tendon unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iain Quinlan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre At University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martino Vladimiro Franchi
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francesca Badiali
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Hale
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan Eileen Phillips
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nathaniel Szewczyk
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 43147, USA
| | - Paul Leonard Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Phillip James Atherton
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marco Vincenzo Narici
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tokunaga A, Shimizu M. Age-related change in shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle in healthy Beagle dogs using ultrasound shear wave elastography. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e3. [PMID: 33522155 PMCID: PMC7850783 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multifidus muscle stiffness decreases in patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation; however, age-related changes in humans have not been reported. Objectives The reliability of ultrasound shear wave elastography in dogs, and changes in the shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle with aging in dogs, were investigated. Methods Twelve beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups based on the age of onset of intervertebral disk herniation: young (aged not exceeding 2 years; 1.3 ± 0.6 years old, n = 5) and adult (4.9 ± 1.2 years old, n = 7). The shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle, from the thirteenth thoracic spine to the fourth lumbar spine, was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The length, cross-sectional area and muscle to fat ratio of the multifidus muscle, and the grade of intervertebral disk degeneration, were assessed using radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Results The length and cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle increased caudally. In the young group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of the thirteenth thoracic spine was less than that of the third lumbar spine. In the adult group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of first and third lumbar spine was lower than that of the same site in the young group. Conclusions Ultrasound can be used to measure shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar multifidus in dogs. If the multifidus muscle stiffness decreases, we should consider age-related change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akari Tokunaga
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miki Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paraspinal Muscle Contractile Function is Impaired in the ENT1-deficient Mouse Model of Progressive Spine Pathology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E710-E718. [PMID: 33332787 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic science study of the relationship between spine pathology and the contractile ability of the surrounding muscles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate single muscle fiber contractile function in a model of progressive spine mineralization (ENT1-/- mice). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Altered muscle structure and function have been associated with various spine pathologies; however, studies to date have provided limited insight into the fundamental ability of spine muscles to actively contract and generate force, and how this may change in response to spine pathology. METHODS Experiments were performed on two groups (ENT1-/- [KO] and ENT1+/+ [WT]) of mice at 8 months of age (n = 12 mice/group). Single muscle fibers were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine-related control) and tested to determine their active contractile characteristics. RESULTS The multifidus demonstrated decreases in specific force (type IIax fibers: 36% decrease; type IIb fibers: 29% decrease), active modulus (type IIax: 35% decrease; type IIb: 30% decrease), and unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) (type IIax: 31% decrease) in the ENT1-/- group when compared to WT controls. The erector spinae specific force was reduced in the ENT1-/- mice when compared to WT (type IIax: 29% decrease), but active modulus and Vo were unchanged. There were no differences in any of the active contractile properties of the lower limb TA muscle, validating that impairments observed in the spine muscles were specific to the underlying spine pathology and not the global loss of ENT1. CONCLUSION These results provide the first direct evidence of cellular level impairments in the active contractile force generating properties of spine muscles in response to chronic spine pathology.Level of Evidence: N/A.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schroder EA, Wang L, Wen Y, Callahan LAP, Supinski GS. Skeletal muscle-specific calpastatin overexpression mitigates muscle weakness in aging and extends life span. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:630-642. [PMID: 34197232 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00883.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain activation has been postulated as a potential contributor to the loss of muscle mass and function associated with both aging and disease, but limitations of previous experimental approaches have failed to completely examine this issue. We hypothesized that mice overexpressing calpastatin (CalpOX), an endogenous inhibitor of calpain, solely in skeletal muscle would show an amelioration of the aging muscle phenotype. We assessed four groups of mice (age in months): 1) young wild type (WT; 5.71 ± 0.43), 2) young CalpOX (5.6 ± 0.5), 3) old WT (25.81 ± 0.56), and 4) old CalpOX (25.91 ± 0.60) for diaphragm and limb muscle (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) force frequency relations. Aging significantly reduced diaphragm and EDL peak force in old WT mice, and decreased the force-time integral during a fatiguing protocol by 48% and 23% in aged WT diaphragm and EDL, respectively. In contrast, we found that CalpOX mice had significantly increased diaphragm and EDL peak force in old mice, similar to that observed in young mice. The impact of aging on the force-time integral during a fatiguing protocol was abolished in the diaphragm and EDL of old CalpOX animals. Surprisingly, we found that CalpOX had a significant impact on longevity, increasing median survival from 20.55 mo in WT mice to 24 mo in CalpOX mice (P = 0.0006).NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate the role of calpastatin overexpression on skeletal muscle specific force in aging rodents. Muscle-specific overexpression of calpastatin, the endogenous calpain inhibitor, prevented aging-induced reductions in both EDL and diaphragm specific force and, remarkably, increased life span. These data suggest that diaphragm dysfunction in aging may be a major factor in determining longevity. Targeting the calpain/calpastatin pathway may elucidate novel therapies to combat skeletal muscle weakness in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Schroder
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lin Wang
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Leigh Ann P Callahan
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gerald S Supinski
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Degens H, Attias J, Evans D, Wilkins F, Hodson-Tole E. The mobility limitation in healthy older people is due to weakness and not slower muscle contractile properties. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253531. [PMID: 34143856 PMCID: PMC8213130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximal power generating capacity of a muscle declines with age and has a negative impact on the performance of daily life activities. As muscle power is the product of force and velocity, we recruited 20 young (10 men, 10 women: 20–31 years) and 20 older (10 men, 10 women: 65–86 years) people to investigate which of these components contributes to the lower power and performance in old age. After determination of the maximal isometric knee extension torque (MVC), they performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) in 1) the normal situation (normal), 2) with an extra load of 15% body weight (loaded) and 3) 15% lower body weight (unloaded with a pulley system), and a timed up-and-go test (TUG) in the normal or loaded condition. The TUG and CMJ performance was lower in old than young participants (p<0.001). Below a critical CMJ peak power of ~23.7 W·kg-1 TUG showed a progressive decrease. The CMJ take-off velocity (Voff) in the normal condition was lower in old than young participants (p<0.001). However, the Voffvs. body weight/MVC relationship of the normal, loaded and unloaded data combined was similar in the old and young participants and fitted the Hill equation (R2 = 0.396). This indicates that 1) only when peak power drops below a critical threshold TUG becomes impaired and 2) there was no evidence for intrinsic slowing of the muscle contractile properties in older people, but rather the older people were working on a slower part of the force-velocity relationship due to weaker muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Degens
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Attias
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Evans
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick Wilkins
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hodson-Tole
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Beretta-Piccoli M, Negro M, Calanni L, Berardinelli A, Siciliano G, Tupler R, Soldini E, Cescon C, D’Antona G. Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity Correlates With the Age at Onset in Mild FSHD Cases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686176. [PMID: 34220550 PMCID: PMC8247588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) report severe fatigue. The aim of this study was to explore whether fatigability during a performance task is related to the main clinical features of the disease in mildly affected patients. A total of 19 individuals with a molecular genetic-based diagnosis of FSHD (median D4Z4 deletion length of 27 kb) performed two isometric flexions of the dominant biceps brachii at 20% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 2 min, and then at 60% MVC until exhaustion. Fatigability indices (average rectified value, mean frequency, conduction velocity, and fractal dimension) were extracted from the surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal, and their correlations with age, age at onset, disease duration, D4Z4 contraction length, perceived fatigability, and clinical disability score were analyzed. The conduction velocity during the low level contraction showed a significant negative correlation with the age at onset (p < 0.05). This finding suggest the assessment of conduction velocity at low isometric contraction intensities, as a potential useful tool to highlight differences in muscle involvement in FSHD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Beretta-Piccoli
- Criams-Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Negro
- Criams-Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Calanni
- Criams-Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Soldini
- Research Methodology Competence Centre, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Cescon
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Criams-Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Power GA, Crooks S, Fletcher JR, Macintosh BR, Herzog W. Age-related reductions in the number of serial sarcomeres contribute to shorter fascicle lengths but not elevated passive tension. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:268352. [PMID: 34028517 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated age-related changes to fascicle length, sarcomere length and serial sarcomere number (SSN), and how this affects passive force. Following mechanical testing to determine passive force, the medial gastrocnemius muscle of young (n=9) and old (n=8) Fisher 344BN hybrid rats was chemically fixed at the optimal muscle length for force production; individual fascicles were dissected for length measurement, and laser diffraction was used to assess sarcomere length. Old rats had ∼14% shorter fascicle lengths than young rats, which was driven by a ∼10% reduction in SSN, with no difference in sarcomere length (∼4%). Passive force was greater in the old than in the young rats at long muscle lengths. Shorter fascicle lengths and reduced SSN in the old rats could not entirely explain increased passive forces for absolute length changes, owing to a slight reduction in sarcomere length in old rats, resulting in similar sarcomere length at long muscle lengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Sean Crooks
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Jared R Fletcher
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4.,Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, CanadaT3E 6K6
| | - Brian R Macintosh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dottor A, Sansone LG, Battista S, Mori L, Testa M. Flexion-extension strength of the index-thumb system in Italian population. A cross-sectional study to gather normative data. J Hand Ther 2021; 36:85-96. [PMID: 34253400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. INTRODUCTION Flexion (Palmar Pinch, PP-MVC and Tip Pinch, TP-MVC) and extension (E-MVC) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the index-thumb system offers a quick way to estimate the level of hands' impairment in several musculoskeletal and neurologic conditions. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study established normative data of PP-MVC, TP-MVC, E-MVC in the Italian population and evaluated their correlation with hand dominance, anthropometric factors, dexterity and workload level. METHODS In our study, 303 healthy people (150F, 153M) were recruited. Participants performed PP-MVC, TP-MVC and E-MVC tests per hand, conducted by using a pinch-gauge. T-test was used to analyze MVC means between sexes and between hands. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare MVC means in male and female samples stratified by age (18-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60-74, +75). Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to determine anthropometric variables, dexterity and workload level effects on MVCs. RESULTS Medium-to-large effect sizes of age were shown in the majority of tasks. The 30 to 44 years and then +75 years age groups showed the highest and the lowest values, respectively, for both sex and both hands. Men were meanly 50% stronger, and the dominant hand showed higher values (6-10%). MVC-tests correlated moderately with weight and height weakly with dexterity and workload level. CONCLUSIONS After 30 to 44 years, hand strength declines in line with the normal process of aging that also entails muscle fibers and the reduction of daily activities in older adults. In relative terms, E-MVC showed the highest strength loss in the over 75 seconds. The difference between sexes was higher in E-MVC than in flexion MVCs. E-MVC seems to depend more on musculoskeletal architecture that differs from women to men, according to the highest correlation between E-MVC and anthropometric variables. Only high workload levels impacted hand strength. In heaviest occupations, no PP-MVCs differences were observed between hands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dottor
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Grazia Sansone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Battista
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Mori
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rate of force development is Ca 2+-dependent and influenced by Ca 2+-sensitivity in human single muscle fibres from older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111348. [PMID: 33862138 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural adult aging is associated with declines in skeletal muscle performance, including impaired Ca2+ sensitivity and a slowing of rapid force production (rate of force redevelopment; ktr). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between impaired Ca2+ sensitivity and ktr of single muscle fibres from young and older adults. Participants included 8 young (22-35 yrs) and 8 older (60-81 yrs) males who were living independently. A percutaneous muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis of each participant was performed. Single muscle fibre mechanical tests included maximal Ca2+-activated force (Po), force-pCa curves, and ktr. We showed a decrease in pCa50 in old type II fibres compared to young, indicating impaired Ca2+ sensitivity in older adults. The ktr behaved in a Ca2+-dependent manner such that with increasing [Ca2+], ktr increases, to a plateau. Interestingly, ktr was not different between young and old muscle fibres. Furthermore, we found strong associations between pCa50 and ktr in both old type I and type II fibres, such that those fibres with lower Ca2+ sensitivity had a slowed ktr. This Ca2+ association, combined with impaired Ca2+ handling in older adults suggests a potential Ca2+-dependent mechanism affecting the transition from weakly- to strongly-bound cross-bridge states, leading to a decline in skeletal muscle performance. Future research is needed to explore the role alterations to Ca2+ sensitivity/handling could be playing in age-related whole muscle performance declines.
Collapse
|
41
|
Elam C, Aagaard P, Slinde F, Svantesson U, Hulthén L, Magnusson PS, Bunketorp-Käll L. The effects of ageing on functional capacity and stretch-shortening cycle muscle power. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:250-260. [PMID: 33814713 PMCID: PMC8012187 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the effects of age and gender in an ageing population with respect
to functional decline and the relationship between muscle power and functional capacity.
[Participants and Methods] The cohort (N=154) was subdivided into youngest-old
(65–70 years.; n=62), middle-old (71–75 years.; n=46), and oldest-old (76–81 years.;
n=46). Measures of mechanical muscle function included countermovement jump height, muscle
power, leg strength and grip strength. Functional performance-based measures included
heel-rise, postural balance, Timed Up and Go, and gait speed. [Results] The oldest-old
performed significantly worse than the middle-old, whereas the youngest-old did not
outperform the middle-old to the same extent. Increased contribution of muscle power was
observed with increasing age. Males had consistently higher scores in measures of
mechanical muscle function, whereas no gender differences were observed for functional
capacity. [Conclusion] The age-related decline in functional capacity appears to
accelerate when approaching 80 years of age and lower limb muscle power seems to
contribute to a greater extent to the preservation of functional balance and gait capacity
at that stage. Males outperform females in measures of mechanical muscle function
independent of age, while the findings give no support for the existence of gender
differences in functional capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Elam
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg: Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Frode Slinde
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulla Svantesson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg: Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hulthén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter S Magnusson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina Bunketorp-Käll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg: Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
[Pedelec users get more severely injured compared to conventional cyclists]. Unfallchirurg 2021; 124:1000-1006. [PMID: 33665719 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-021-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years e‑bike (Pedelec) sales have been steadily increasing. Therefore, the incidence of e‑bike-related injuries and deaths has been growing. Due to clinical experience, emergency personnel are suspecting that e‑bikers might be injured more severely compared to conventional bicyclists suffering from an accident. This topic has not yet been analyzed for Germany. OBJECTIVE Analysis of injury severity and mortality following e‑bike and conventional bicycle accidents in a level I trauma center in Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of patients treated after a bicycle accident at the accident and emergency department as well as the clinic for traumatology and orthopedics of the Evangelical Hospital (Evangelisches Krankenhaus) Oldenburg were gathered from 1 March 2017 to 1 March 2019. RESULTS In this study 59 electric bicycle users (e-bikers) and 164 conventional cyclists were included. The average age of e‑bikers was 62 years compared to 48 years in the group of conventional cyclists. Comorbidities were significantly more frequent in the e‑bike group compared to classical cyclists. The e‑bikers were found to be significantly more severely injured than conventional bicyclists, the mean injury severity scores (ISS) were 5.2 and 3.4, respectively. E‑bikers were admitted to the hospital more often and for longer periods than the control group. There was no significant difference in mortality. CONCLUSION E‑bikers are more severely injured in accidents compared to conventional cyclists. Due to older age and comorbidity they form a sensitive trauma subgroup. Based on demographics, an increase of old age, more frail cyclists and a growing incidence of serious e‑bike accidents is to be expected. Preventive measures, such as helmet usage and riding lessons should be introduced, especially in e‑bikers. E‑bikers in the emergency department should be examined and treated with special care and aggressive diagnostics. A low threshold for an initial interdisciplinary assessment (shock room management) is advised.
Collapse
|
43
|
From mitochondria to sarcopenia: Role of inflammaging and RAGE-ligand axis implication. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111247. [PMID: 33484891 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries. At the intracellular level, mitochondrial population alterations are considered as key contributors to the complex etiology of sarcopenia. Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to reactive oxygen species production, altered cellular proteostasis, and promotes inflammation. Interestingly, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory receptor involved in inflammaging. In this review, after a brief description of sarcopenia, we will describe how mitochondria and the pathways controlling mitochondrial population quality could participate to age-induced muscle mass and force loss. Finally, we will discuss the RAGE-ligand axis during aging and its possible connection with mitochondria to control inflammaging and sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
45
|
Effects of a dynamic combined training on impulse response for middle-aged and elderly patients with osteoporosis and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:115-123. [PMID: 32100224 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic combined training is a crucial component in treating musculoskeletal conditions to increase muscle strength and improve functional ability. This randomized control trial aimed to examine the effect of dynamic combined training on muscle strength and contractile rate of force development (RFD) in patients with osteoporosis (OP) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). 58 participants with OP or KOA were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) (CGOP, n = 12; CGKOA, n = 15) or training group (TG) (TGOP, n = 14; TGKOA, n = 17). The training group participated in a 12-week, three-days-per-week supervised program consisting of stretching and warm-up exercises (10 min), hydraulic resistance training (40 min), and cool-down and relaxation exercises (10 min). All participants were evaluated at baseline and post-training. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and contractile RFD at 0-200 ms increased significantly in middle-aged and older patients with OP. As for KOA, the dynamic combined training program was effective in improving the muscle strength. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and contractile RFD at 0-200 ms increased significantly (by 29.22%, P = .000 and 27.25%, P = .019, respectively) in middle-aged and older patients with OP. In the KOA group, MVC and contractile RFD improved but did not reach statistical significance. The dynamic combined training program is effective for health promotion in older adults with OP or KOA.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chiu HT, Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen YY, Chen WL. Average urinary flow rate and its association with handgrip strength. Aging Male 2020; 23:1220-1226. [PMID: 32180484 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1740201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voiding dysfunction became a difficult problem for the elderly because of the underactive bladder (UAB). It was considered that the degeneration of detrusor muscle was the main etiology. In recent years, more articles focus on relationship between UAB and decreased muscle strength. Besides, handgrip strength (HGS) is an early indicator to detect frailty and muscle weakness in systemic reviews. METHOD Our study involved 2258 males from NHANES datasets (2011-2012, who were divided into quartiles by urine flow rate (UFR), which was measured by uroflowmetry. Multivariate regression models were performed to analyze the associations between UFR and HGS. RESULTS The UFR had a positive correlation to the HGS by multivariate regression models in males (β coefficient: 1.348, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.530, 2.166, p = 0.001). The male participants with the highest quartile of UFR have a greater HGS than those with lowest quartile of UFR (β coefficient: 4.546, 95% CI: 2.462, 6.630, p < 0.001). Higher UFR was associated with lower odds of low HGS (OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.350, 0.684, p < 0.001) in the fully-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlighted that the UFR had a strong associated with the HGS in the healthy group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tse Chiu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Taiwan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu R, Ditroilo M, Delahunt E, De Vito G. Age Related Changes in Motor Function (II). Decline in Motor Performance Outcomes. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:215-226. [PMID: 33137831 DOI: 10.1055/a-1265-7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related impairments in motor performance are caused by a deterioration in mechanical and neuromuscular functions, which have been investigated from the macro-level of muscle-tendon unit to the micro-level of the single muscle fiber. When compared to the healthy young skeletal muscle, aged skeletal muscle is: (1) weaker, slower and less powerful during the performance of voluntary contractions; (2) less steady during the performance of isometric contractions, particularly at low levels of force; and (3) less susceptible to fatigue during the performance of sustained isometric contractions, but more susceptible to fatigue during the performance of high-velocity dynamic contractions. These impairments have been discussed to be mainly the result of: a) loss of muscle mass and selective atrophy of type II muscle fibers; b) altered tendon mechanical properties (decreased tendon stiffness); c) reduced number and altered function of motor units; d) slower muscle fiber shortening velocity; e) increased oscillation in common synaptic input to motor neurons; and f) altered properties and activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this second part of a two-part review we have detailed the age-related impairments in motor performance with a reference to the most important mechanical and neuromuscular contributing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gumpenberger M, Wessner B, Graf A, Narici MV, Fink C, Braun S, Hoser C, Blazevich AJ, Csapo R. Remodeling the Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix in Older Age-Effects of Acute Exercise Stimuli on Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197089. [PMID: 32992998 PMCID: PMC7583913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancing age, the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes fibrotic changes that may lead to increased muscle stiffness, injury susceptibility and strength loss. This study tested the potential of different exercises to counter these changes by stimulating the activity of genes associated with ECM remodeling. Twenty-six healthy men (66.9 ± 3.9 years) were stratified to two of four groups, performing unilateral (i) conventional resistance exercise, (ii) conventional resistance exercise followed by self-myofascial release (CEBR), (iii) eccentric-only exercise (ECC) or (iv) plyometric jumps (PLY). The non-trained leg served as control. Six hours post-exercise, vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were analyzed for the expression of genes associated with ECM collagen synthesis (COL1A1), matrix metallopeptidases (collagen degradation; MMPs) and peptidase inhibitors (TIMP1). Significant between-group differences were found for MMP3, MMP15 and TIMP1, with the greatest responses in MMP3 and TIMP1 seen in CEBR and in MMP15 in ECC. MMP9 (3.24–3.81-fold change) and COL1A1 (1.47–2.40-fold change) were increased in CEBR and PLY, although between-group differences were non-significant. The expression of ECM-related genes is exercise-specific, with CEBR and PLY triggering either earlier or stronger remodeling than other stimuli. Training studies will test whether execution of such exercises may help counter age-associated muscle fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gumpenberger
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall 6060, Austria; (M.G.); (C.F.); (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna 1150, Austria;
| | - Alexandra Graf
- Institute for Medical Statistics, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria;
| | - Marco V. Narici
- CirMyo Myology Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Christian Fink
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall 6060, Austria; (M.G.); (C.F.); (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sepp Braun
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall 6060, Austria; (M.G.); (C.F.); (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Hoser
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall 6060, Austria; (M.G.); (C.F.); (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anthony J. Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall 6060, Austria; (M.G.); (C.F.); (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-50-8648-3887
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aas V, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC, Lund J. Substrate oxidation in primary human skeletal muscle cells is influenced by donor age. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:599-608. [PMID: 32897419 PMCID: PMC7683494 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary human myotubes represent an alternative system to intact skeletal muscle for the study of human diseases related to changes in muscle energy metabolism. This work aimed to study if fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human myotubes in vitro were related to muscle of origin, donor gender, age, or body mass index (BMI). Myotubes from a total of 82 donors were established from three different skeletal muscles, i.e., musculus vastus lateralis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis, and musculi interspinales, and cellular energy metabolism was evaluated. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that donor age had a significant effect on glucose and oleic acid oxidation after correcting for gender, BMI, and muscle of origin. Donor BMI was the only significant contributor to cellular oleic acid uptake, whereas cellular glucose uptake did not rely on any of the variables examined. Despite the effect of age on substrate oxidation, cellular mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) did not correlate with donor age. In conclusion, donor age significantly impacts substrate oxidation in cultured human myotubes, whereas donor BMI affects cellular oleic acid uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Age-related changes in human single muscle fibre passive elastic properties are sarcomere length dependent. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|