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Sohi YH, Golestani A, Panahi G, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Khalagi K, Fahimfar N, Ostovar A, Sanjari M, Larijani B, Nabipour I. The association between anti-diabetic agents and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia among Iranian older adults; Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. Daru 2024; 32:145-159. [PMID: 38133840 PMCID: PMC11087384 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various risk factors are mentioned for osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia. Our aim is to assess the impacts of anti-diabetic drugs on these disorders. METHODS To perform this study, the participants' data was extracted from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program in Iran. Afterward, the data were categorized into three subgroups: osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteosarcopenia, based on WHO and European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP-2) working group definitions. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, past medical history, and current medications were recorded. Pearson chi-squared and simple/multiple logistic regression using Python (3.11.4) and R (4.3.1) programming software assessed the association between anti-diabetic agents and these bone disorders. RESULTS Out of 1995 participants, 820, 848, and 404 had osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or osteosarcopenia, respectively. Among all types of anti-diabetic drugs, a significant protective association between osteoporosis and consumption of second-generation sulfonylureas was found; Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 0.65 ([95% CI: 0.45-0.94], p-value = 0.023). No associations were found between sarcopenia and consumption of anti-diabetic agents. A significant association was observed between using Meglitinides and the risk of osteosarcopenia; AOR = 4.98 ([95% CI: 1.5-16.55], p-value = 0.009). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a protective association between consumption of second-generation sulfonylureas and osteoporosis was found. Moreover, a positive association was found between the consumption of meglitinides and osteosarcopenia. However, to support these findings, further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Heydarzadeh Sohi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Golestani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Khalagi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Sanjari
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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2
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Wang D, Zhang G, Yu Y, Zhang Z. Imaging of Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:141-151. [PMID: 38292460 PMCID: PMC10826713 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s443572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, and muscle function. In older adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a significant health burden. Skeletal muscle damage and deterioration have emerged as novel chronic complications in patients with diabetes, often linked to their increased longevity. Diabetic sarcopenia has been associated with increased rates of hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Nevertheless, effectively managing metabolic disorders in patients with T2DM through appropriate therapeutic interventions could potentially mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Utilizing imaging technologies holds substantial clinical significance in the early detection of skeletal muscle mass alterations associated with sarcopenia. Such detection is pivotal for arresting disease progression and preserving patients' quality of life. These imaging modalities offer reproducible and consistent patterns over time, as they all provide varying degrees of quantitative data. This review primarily delves into the application of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of muscle mass in patients with T2DM. It also juxtaposes the merits and limitations of these four techniques. By understanding the nuances of each method, clinicians can discern how best to apply them in diverse clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yana Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Hou Y, Xiang J, Wang B, Duan S, Song R, Zhou W, Tan S, He B. Pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1263650. [PMID: 38260146 PMCID: PMC10801049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1263650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and diabetes are two age-related diseases that are common in the elderly population, and have a serious effect on their general health and quality of life. Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and function, whereas diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. The comorbidity of sarcopenia and diabetes is particularly concerning, as people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing sarcopenia due to the combination of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity. In contrast, sarcopenia destroyed blood sugar control and exacerbated the development of people with diabetes, leading to the occurrence of a variety of complications. Fortunately, there are a number of effective treatment strategies for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Physical exercise and a balanced diet with enough protein and nutrients have been proved to enhance the muscular quality and strength of this population. Additionally, pharmacological therapies and lifestyle changes can optimize blood sugar control, which can prevent further muscle loss and improve overall health outcomes. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, which help healthcare professionals recognize their intimate connection and provide a new vision for the treatment of diabetes and its complications in this population. Through early identification and comprehensive treatment, it is possible to improve the muscle function and general quality of life of elderly with diabetes and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shoufeng Duan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rouxuan Song
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Yu B, Wang D, Zhou J, Huang R, Cai T, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Ma J. Diabetes Pharmacotherapy and its effects on the Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1470-1480. [PMID: 38549524 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575299439240216081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The disorders of skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such as mitochondrial defection and glucose transporters (GLUTs) translocation dysfunctions, are not uncommon. Therefore, when anti-diabetic drugs were used in various chronic diseases associated with hyperglycemia, the impact on skeletal muscle should not be ignored. However, current studies mainly focus on muscle mass rather than metabolism or functions. Anti-diabetic drugs might have a harmful or beneficial impact on skeletal muscle. In this review, we summarize the upto- date studies on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs and some natural compounds on skeletal muscle metabolism, focusing primarily on emerging data from pre-clinical to clinical studies. Given the extensive use of anti-diabetic drugs and the common sarcopenia, a better understanding of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle deserves attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kim HJ, Jung DW, Williams DR. Age Is Just a Number: Progress and Obstacles in the Discovery of New Candidate Drugs for Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2608. [PMID: 37998343 PMCID: PMC10670210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging. The progression of sarcopenia is correlated with the onset of physical disability, the inability to live independently, and increased mortality. Due to global increases in lifespan and demographic aging in developed countries, sarcopenia has become a major socioeconomic burden. Clinical therapies for sarcopenia are based on physical therapy and nutritional support, although these may suffer from low adherence and variable outcomes. There are currently no clinically approved drugs for sarcopenia. Consequently, there is a large amount of pre-clinical research focusing on discovering new candidate drugs and novel targets. In this review, recent progress in this research will be discussed, along with the challenges that may preclude successful translational research in the clinic. The types of drugs examined include mitochondria-targeting compounds, anti-diabetes agents, small molecules that target non-coding RNAs, protein therapeutics, natural products, and repositioning candidates. In light of the large number of drugs and targets being reported, it can be envisioned that clinically approved pharmaceuticals to prevent the progression or even mitigate sarcopenia may be within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
| | - Darren Reece Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
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Machamer JB, Vazquez-Cintron EJ, Stenslik MJ, Pagarigan KT, Bradford AB, Ondeck CA, McNutt PM. Neuromuscular recovery from botulism involves multiple forms of compensatory plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226194. [PMID: 37650071 PMCID: PMC10463753 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes neuroparalytic disease and death by blocking neuromuscular transmission. There are no specific therapies for clinical botulism and the only treatment option is supportive care until neuromuscular function spontaneously recovers, which can take weeks or months after exposure. The highly specialized neuromuscular junction (NMJ) between phrenic motor neurons and diaphragm muscle fibers is the main clinical target of BoNT. Due to the difficulty in eliciting respiratory paralysis without a high mortality rate, few studies have characterized the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in diaphragm recovery from intoxication. Here, we develop a mouse model of botulism that involves partial paralysis of respiratory muscles with low mortality rates, allowing for longitudinal analysis of recovery. Methods and results Mice challenged by systemic administration of 0.7 LD50 BoNT/A developed physiological signs of botulism, such as respiratory depression and reduced voluntary running activity, that persisted for an average of 8-12 d. Studies in isolated hemidiaphragm preparations from intoxicated mice revealed profound reductions in nerve-elicited, tetanic and twitch muscle contraction strengths that recovered to baseline 21 d after intoxication. Despite apparent functional recovery, neurophysiological parameters remained depressed for 28 d, including end plate potential (EPP) amplitude, EPP success rate, quantal content (QC), and miniature EPP (mEPP) frequency. However, QC recovered more quickly than mEPP frequency, which could explain the discrepancy between muscle function studies and neurophysiological recordings. Hypothesizing that differential modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) contributed to the uncoupling of QC from mEPP frequency, pharmacological inhibition studies were used to study the contributions of different VGCCs to neurophysiological function. We found that N-type VGCC and P/Q-type VGCC partially restored QC but not mEPP frequency during recovery from paralysis, potentially explaining the accelerated recovery of evoked release versus spontaneous release. We identified additional changes that presumably compensate for reduced acetylcholine release during recovery, including increased depolarization of muscle fiber resting membrane potential and increased quantal size. Discussion In addition to identifying multiple forms of compensatory plasticity that occur in response to reduced NMJ function, it is expected that insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in recovery from neuromuscular paralysis will support new host-targeted treatments for multiple neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Machamer
- BASF, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | | | - Mallory J. Stenslik
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen T. Pagarigan
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Aaron B. Bradford
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Celinia A. Ondeck
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Patrick M. McNutt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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7
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Maqoud F, Tricarico D, Mallamaci R, Orlando A, Russo F. The Role of Ion Channels in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID): Evidence of Channelopathies and Potential Avenues for Future Research and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11074. [PMID: 37446251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several gastrointestinal (GI) tract abnormalities, including visceral hypersensitivity, motility, and intestinal permeability alterations, have been implicated in functional GI disorders (FGIDs). Ion channels play a crucial role in all the functions mentioned above. Hormones and natural molecules modulate these channels and represent targets of drugs and bacterial toxins. Mutations and abnormal functional expression of ion channel subunits can lead to diseases called channelopathies. These channelopathies in gastroenterology are gaining a strong interest, and the evidence of co-relationships is increasing. In this review, we describe the correlation status between channelopathies and FGIDs. Different findings are available. Among others, mutations in the ABCC7/CFTR gene have been described as a cause of constipation and diarrhea. Mutations of the SCN5A gene are instead associated with irritable bowel syndrome. In contrast, mutations of the TRPV1 and TRPA genes of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily manifest hypersensitivity and visceral pain in sensory nerves. Recently, mice and humans affected by Cantu syndrome (CS), which is associated with the mutations of the KCNJ8 and ABCC9 genes encoding for the Kir6.1 and SUR2 subunits, showed dysfunction of contractility throughout the intestine and death in the mice after the weaning on solid food. The discovery of a correlation between channelopathies and FIGD opens new avenues for discovering new direct drug targets for specific channelopathies, leading to significant implications for diagnosing and treating functional GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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8
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Hashimoto Y, Takahashi F, Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155585. [PMID: 37156410 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly in older people, and sarcopenia is prevalent as a novel complication, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, sarcopenia prevention and treatment in these people is necessary. Diabetes accelerates sarcopenia through several mechanisms, such as hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The effects of diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy on sarcopenia in patients with T2DM need to be considered. In diet, low intake of energy, protein, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acid are associated with sarcopenia risk. In exercises, although intervention studies in people, especially older and non-obese patients with diabetes, are few, accumulating evidence shows the usefulness of exercise, particularly resistance exercise for muscle mass and strength, and aerobic exercise for physical performance in sarcopenia. In pharmacotherapy, certain classes of anti-diabetes compounds have possibility of preventing sarcopenia. However, much data on diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy were obtained in obese and non-elderly patients with T2DM, demanding actual clinical data on non-obese and older patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, 5-55 Sotojima-cho, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Introduction Objectives: an expert report is presented on the situation of loss of muscle mass in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a proposal of what the clinical approach to this comorbidity should be, based on the evidence from the literature and clinical experience. Method: a qualitative expert opinion study was carried out using the nominal approach. A literature search on diabetes and muscle was made and submitted to a multidisciplinary group of 7 experts who through a face-to-face meeting discussed different aspects of the role of muscle mass in T2DM. Results: muscle mass must be taken into account in the clinical context of patients with T2DM. It has an enormous impact on patient function and quality of life, and is as important as adequate metabolic control of T2DM. Conclusions: in addition to drug therapy and diet adjustments, aerobic and strength activities are essential for maintaining muscle mass and function in diabetic patients. In concrete situations, artificial oral supplementation specific for muscle care could improve the situation of malnutrition and low muscle mass. Measures such as the walking speed test, chair test, or the SARC-F questionnaire, together with the Barthel index, constitute a first step to diagnose relevant impairment requiring intervention in patients with T2DM. This document seeks to answer some questions about the importance, assessment, and control of muscle mass in T2DM.
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10
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Sarto F, Stashuk DW, Franchi MV, Monti E, Zampieri S, Valli G, Sirago G, Candia J, Hartnell LM, Paganini M, McPhee JS, De Vito G, Ferrucci L, Reggiani C, Narici MV. Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. J Physiol 2022; 600:4731-4751. [PMID: 36071599 PMCID: PMC9828768 DOI: 10.1113/jp283381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological alterations of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) with unloading are poorly studied. We aimed to investigate these aspects and the underlying molecular mechanisms with short-term unloading and active recovery (AR). Eleven healthy males underwent a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) period, followed by 21-day AR based on resistance exercise. Quadriceps femoris (QF) cross-sectional area (CSA) and isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were evaluated. Intramuscular electromyographic recordings were obtained during 10% and 25% MVC isometric contractions from the vastus lateralis (VL). Biomarkers of NMJ molecular instability (serum c-terminal agrin fragment, CAF), axonal damage (neurofilament light chain) and denervation status were assessed from blood samples and VL biopsies. NMJ and ion channel transcriptomic profiles were investigated by RNA-sequencing. QF CSA and MVC decreased with ULLS. Increased CAF and altered NMJ transcriptome with unloading suggested the emergence of NMJ molecular instability, which was not associated with impaired NMJ transmission stability. Instead, increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates were found after ULLS. Downregulation of ion channel gene expression was found together with increased neurofilament light chain concentration and partial denervation. The AR period restored most of these neuromuscular alterations. In conclusion, the human NMJ is destabilized at the molecular level but shows functional resilience to a 10-day unloading period at least at relatively low contraction intensities. However, MUP properties are altered by ULLS, possibly due to alterations in ion channel dynamics and initial axonal damage and denervation. These changes are fully reversed by 21 days of AR. KEY POINTS: We used integrative electrophysiological and molecular approaches to comprehensively investigate changes in neuromuscular integrity and function after a 10-day unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), followed by 21 days of active recovery in young healthy men, with a particular focus on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and motor unit potential (MUP) properties alterations. After 10-day ULLS, we found significant NMJ molecular alterations in the absence of NMJ transmission stability impairment. These findings suggest that the human NMJ is functionally resilient against insults and stresses induced by short-term disuse at least at relatively low contraction intensities, at which low-threshold, slow-type motor units are recruited. Intramuscular electromyography analysis revealed that unloading caused increased MUP complexity and decreased motor unit firing rates, and these alterations could be related to the observed changes in skeletal muscle ion channel pool and initial and partial signs of fibre denervation and axonal damage. The active recovery period restored these neuromuscular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Daniel W. Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Martino V. Franchi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Department of SurgeryOncology, and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Julián Candia
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Lisa M. Hartnell
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Matteo Paganini
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise SciencesManchester Metropolitan University Institute of SportManchesterUK
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchNational Institute of AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Science and Research Center KoperInstitute for Kinesiology ResearchKoperSlovenia
| | - Marco V. Narici
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,CIR‐MYO Myology CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly,Science and Research Center KoperInstitute for Kinesiology ResearchKoperSlovenia
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11
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Metabolic Pathways and Ion Channels Involved in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: A Starting Point for Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162566. [PMID: 36010642 PMCID: PMC9406740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the important function of supporting and defending the organism. It is the largest apparatus in the human body, and its function is important for contraction and movements. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In fact, inhibition of protein synthesis and/or activation of catabolism determines a pathological condition called muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass resulting in a partial or complete loss of function. It has been established that many physiopathological conditions can cause a reduction in muscle mass. Nevertheless, it is not well known that the molecular mechanisms and signaling processes caused this dramatic event. There are multiple concomitant processes involved in muscle atrophy. In fact, the gene transcription of some factors, oxidative stress mechanisms, and the alteration of ion transport through specific ion channels may contribute to muscle function impairment. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and potential drugs to be used to alleviate this disabling condition.
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Antonacci M, Dibenedetto JR, Perrone MG, Scilimati A, Castillo K, Latorre R, Conte D, Bendahhou S, Tricarico D. Bisphosphonates Targeting Ion Channels and Musculoskeletal Effects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837534. [PMID: 35370739 PMCID: PMC8965324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most used bone-specific anti-resorptive agents, often chosen as first-line therapy in several bone diseases characterized by an imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone production and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. BPs target the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption. Lately, there has been an increasing interest in BPs direct pro-survival/pro-mineralizing properties in osteoblasts and their pain-relieving effects. Even so, molecular targets involved in these effects appear now largely elusive. Ion channels are emerging players in bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the effects of BPs on these proteins have been poorly described. Here we reviewed the actions of BPs on ion channels in musculoskeletal cells. In particular, the TRPV1 channel is essential for osteoblastogenesis. Since it is involved in bone pain sensation, TRPV1 is a possible alternative target of BPs. Ion channels are emerging targets and anti-target for bisphosphonates. Zoledronic acid can be the first selective musculoskeletal and vascular KATP channel blocker targeting with high affinity the inward rectifier channels Kir6.1-SUR2B and Kir6.2-SUR2A. The action of this drug against the overactive mutants of KCNJ9-ABCC9 genes observed in the Cantu’ Syndrome (CS) may improve the appropriate prescription in those CS patients affected by musculoskeletal disorders such as bone fracture and bone frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina Antonacci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Karen Castillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramón Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Diana Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saïd Bendahhou
- UMR7370 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire (LP2M), Labex ICST, Nice, France
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Omura T, Araki A. Skeletal muscle as a treatment target for older adults with diabetes mellitus: The importance of a multimodal intervention based on functional category. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:110-120. [PMID: 34986525 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the lifespan of people with diabetes has increased in many countries, the age-related increase in comorbidities (sarcopenia, frailty and disabilities) and diabetic complications has become a major issue. Diabetes accelerates the aging of skeletal muscles and blood vessels through mechanisms, such as increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic polymorphism (fat mass and obesity-associated genes) and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products. Diabetes is associated with early onset, and progression of muscle weakness and sarcopenia, thus resulting in diminished daily life function. The type and duration of diabetes, insulin section/resistance, hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, malnutrition and low physical activity might affect muscular loss and weakness. To prevent the decline in daily activities in older adults with diabetes, resistance training or multicomponent exercise should be recommended. To maintain muscle function, optimal energy and sufficient protein intake are necessary. Although no specific drug enhances muscle mass and function, antidiabetic drugs that increase insulin sensitivity or secretion could be candidates for improvement of sarcopenia. The goals of glycemic control for older patients are determined based on three functional categories through an assessment of cognitive function and activities of daily living, and the presence or absence of medications that pose a hypoglycemic risk. As these functional categories are associated with muscle weakness, frailty and mortality risk, providing multimodal interventions (exercise, nutrition, social network or support and optimal medical treatment) is important, starting at the category II stage for maintenance or improvement in daily life functions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Omura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Chen S, Shao H. Anti-diabetic drugs and sarcopenia: emerging links, mechanistic insights, and clinical implications. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1368-1379. [PMID: 34676695 PMCID: PMC8718027 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength, has become a common hallmark of ageing and many chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus patients have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, which greatly aggravates the metabolic disturbance and compromises treatment response. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown differential impacts of anti-diabetic drugs on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, highlighting the importance of rational therapeutic regimen from the perspective of sarcopenia risk. In this review, we provide an update on the regulation of muscle mass and quality by major anti-diabetic drugs, focusing primarily on emerging data from clinical studies. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications for optimal selection of anti-diabetic drugs to reduce the risk of sarcopenia. In view of the lifelong use of anti-diabetic drugs, we propose that a better understanding of the sarcopenia risk and interventional strategies is worthy of attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuobing Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Maqoud F, Scala R, Tragni V, Pierri CL, Perrone MG, Scilimati A, Tricarico D. Zoledronic Acid as a Novel Dual Blocker of KIR6.1/2-SUR2 Subunits of ATP-Sensitive K + Channels: Role in the Adverse Drug Reactions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091350. [PMID: 34575427 PMCID: PMC8465290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is used as a bone-specific antiresorptive drug with antimyeloma effects. Adverse drug reactions (A.D.R.) are associated with ZOL-therapy, whose mechanics are unknown. ZOL is a nitrogen-containing molecule whose structure shows similarities with nucleotides, ligands of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. We investigated the action of ZOL by performing in vitro patch-clamp experiments on native KATP channels in murine skeletal muscle fibers, bone cells, and recombinant subunits in cell lines, and by in silico docking the nucleotide site on KIR and SUR, as well as the glibenclamide site. ZOL fully inhibited the KATP currents recorded in excised macro-patches from Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and Soleus (SOL) muscle fibers with an IC50 of 1.2 ± 1.4 × 10−6 and 2.1 ± 3.7 × 10−10 M, respectively, and the KATP currents recorded in cell-attached patches from primary long bone cells with an IC50 of 1.6 ± 2.8 × 10−10 M. ZOL fully inhibited a whole-cell KATP channel current of recombinant KIR6.1-SUR2B and KIR6.2-SUR2A subunits expressed in HEK293 cells with an IC50 of 3.9 ± 2.7 × 10−10 M and 7.1 ± 3.1 × 10−6 M, respectively. The rank order of potency in inhibiting the KATP currents was: KIR6.1-SUR2B/SOL-KATP/osteoblast-KATP > KIR6.2-SUR2A/EDL-KATP >>> KIR6.2-SUR1 and KIR6.1-SUR1. Docking investigation revealed that the drug binds to the ADP/ATP sites on KIR6.1/2 and SUR2A/B and on the sulfonylureas site showing low binding energy <6 Kcal/mol for the KIR6.1/2-SUR2 subunits vs. the <4 Kcal/mol for the KIR6.2-SUR1. The IC50 of ZOL to inhibit the KIR6.1/2-SUR2A/B channels were correlated with its musculoskeletal and cardiovascular risks. We first showed that ZOL blocks at subnanomolar concentration musculoskeletal KATP channels and cardiac and vascular KIR6.2/1-SUR2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (C.L.P.)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (V.T.); (C.L.P.)
- BROWSer S.r.l., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Massimino E, Izzo A, Riccardi G, Della Pepa G. The Impact of Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:1958. [PMID: 34440727 PMCID: PMC8393336 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function is defined sarcopenia. Mounting evidence suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and different mechanisms may be responsible for this association such as impaired insulin sensitivity, chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycosylation end products, subclinical inflammation, microvascular and macrovascular complications. Glucose-lowering drugs prescribed for patients with T2DM might impact on these mechanisms leading to harmful or beneficial effect on skeletal muscle. Importantly, beyond their glucose-lowering effects, glucose-lowering drugs may affect per se the equilibrium between protein anabolism and catabolism through several mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle physiology, contributing to sarcopenia. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the effects of glucose-lowering drugs on sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, focusing on the parameters used to define sarcopenia: muscle strength (evaluated by handgrip strength), muscle quantity/quality (evaluated by appendicular lean mass or skeletal muscle mass and their indexes), and physical performance (evaluated by gait speed or short physical performance battery). Furthermore, we also describe the plausible mechanisms by which glucose-lowering drugs may impact on sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.I.); (G.R.)
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Passantino G, Mele A, Camerino GM, McClenaghan C, Harter TM, Nichols CG, Tricarico D. Consequences of SUR2[A478V] Mutation in Skeletal Muscle of Murine Model of Cantu Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071791. [PMID: 34359961 PMCID: PMC8307364 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cantu syndrome (CS) arises from gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes, which encode ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits SUR2 and Kir6.1, respectively. Most CS patients have mutations in SUR2, the major component of skeletal muscle KATP, but the consequences of SUR2 GOF in skeletal muscle are unknown. (2) Methods: We performed in vivo and ex vivo characterization of skeletal muscle in heterozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2wt/AV) and homozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2AV/AV) CS mice. (3) Results: In SUR2wt/AV and SUR2AV/AV mice, forelimb strength and diaphragm amplitude movement were reduced; muscle echodensity was enhanced. KATP channel currents recorded in Flexor digitorum brevis fibers showed reduced MgATP-sensitivity in SUR2wt/AV, dramatically so in SUR2AV/AV mice; IC50 for MgATP inhibition of KATP currents were 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10−5 M in SUR2wt/AV and 8.6 ± 0.4 × 10−6 M in WT mice and was not measurable in SUR2AV/AV. A slight rightward shift of sensitivity to inhibition by glibenclamide was detected in SUR2AV/AV mice. Histopathological and qPCR analysis revealed atrophy of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles and up-regulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA in CS mice. (4) Conclusions: SUR2[A478V] “knock-in” mutation in mice impairs KATP channel modulation by MgATP, markedly so in SUR2AV/AV, with atrophy and non-inflammatory edema in different skeletal muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Theresa M. Harter
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Structure based analysis of K ATP channel with a DEND syndrome mutation in murine skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6668. [PMID: 33758250 PMCID: PMC7988048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes (DEND) syndrome, the most severe end of neonatal diabetes mellitus, is caused by mutation in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. In addition to diabetes, DEND patients present muscle weakness as one of the symptoms, and although the muscle weakness is considered to originate in the brain, the pathological effects of mutated KATP channels in skeletal muscle remain elusive. Here, we describe the local effects of the KATP channel on muscle by expressing the mutation present in the KATP channels of the DEND syndrome in the murine skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 in combination with computer simulation. The present study revealed that the DEND mutation can lead to a hyperpolarized state of the muscle cell membrane, and molecular dynamics simulations based on a recently reported high-resolution structure provide an explanation as to why the mutation reduces ATP sensitivity and reveal the changes in the local interactions between ATP molecules and the channel.
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Mele A, Camerino GM, Zito FA, Ranieri G, McClenaghan C, Harter TM, Nichols CG, Tricarico D. Pathophysiological Consequences of KATP Channel Overactivity and Pharmacological Response to Glibenclamide in Skeletal Muscle of a Murine Model of Cantù Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604885. [PMID: 33329006 PMCID: PMC7734337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantù syndrome (CS) arises from mutations in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes that lead to gain of function (GOF) of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels containing SUR2A and Kir6.1 subunits, respectively, of KATP channels. Pathological consequences of CS have been reported for cardiac and smooth muscle cells but consequences in skeletal muscle are unknown. Children with CS show muscle hypotonia and adult manifest fatigability. We analyzed muscle properties of Kir6.1[V65M] CS mice, by measurements of forelimb strength and ultrasonography of hind-limb muscles, as well as assessing KATP channel properties in native Flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and Soleus (SOL) fibers by the patch-clamp technique in parallel with histopathological, immunohistochemical and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis. Forelimb strength was lower in Kir6.1wt/VM mice than in WT mice. Also, a significant enhancement of echodensity was observed in hind-limb muscles of Kir6.1wt/VM mice relative to WT, suggesting the presence of fibrous tissue. There was a higher KATP channel current amplitude in Kir6.1wt/VM FDB fibers relative to WT and a reduced response to glibenclamide. The IC50 of glibenclamide to block KATP channels in FDB fibers was 1.3 ± 0.2 × 10−7 M in WT and 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10−6 M in Kir6.1wt/VM mice, respectively; and it was 1.2 ± 0.4 × 10−7 M in SOL WT fibers but not measurable in Kir6.1wt/VM fibers. The sensitivity of the KATP channel to MgATP was not modified in Kir6.1wt/VM fibers. Histopathological/immunohistochemical analysis of SOL revealed degeneration plus regressive-necrotic lesions with regeneration, and up-regulation of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, and BNIP3 mRNA/proteins in Kir6.1wt/VM mice. Kir6.1wt/VM mutation in skeletal muscle leads to changes of the KATP channel response to glibenclamide in FDB and SOL fibers, and it is associated with histopathological and gene expression changes in slow-twitch muscle, suggesting marked atrophy and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Alfredo Zito
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Theresa M Harter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Mele A, Denora N, Passantino G, Scala R, Cutrignelli A, Tinelli A, Laquintana V, la Forgia F, Fontana S, Franco M, Lopedota AA, Tricarico D. The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-minoxidil inclusion complex improves the cardiovascular and proliferative adverse effects of minoxidil in male rats: Implications in the treatment of alopecia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00585. [PMID: 32378360 PMCID: PMC7203570 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of minoxidil (MXD) ethanolic solutions (1%-5% w/v) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia is limited by adverse reactions. The toxicological effects of repeated topical applications of escalating dose (0.035%-3.5% w/v) and of single and twice daily doses (3.5% w/v) of a novel hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin MXD GEL formulation (MXD/HP-β-CD) and a MXD solution were investigated in male rats. The cardiovascular effects were evaluated by telemetric monitoring of ECG and arterial pressure in free-moving rats. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiac morphology and function, and histopathological and biochemical analysis of the tissues, were performed. A pharmacovigilance investigation was undertaken using the EudraVigilance database for the evaluation of the potential cancer-related effects of topical MXD. Following the application of repeated escalating doses of MXD solution, cardiac hypertrophy, hypotension, enhanced serum natriuretic peptides and K+ -ion levels, serum liver biomarkers, and histological lesions including renal cancer were observed. In addition, the administration of a twice daily dose of MXD solution, at SF rat vs human = 311, caused reductions in the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure of the rats (-30.76 ± 3%, -28.84 ± 4%, and -30.66 ± 5%, respectively, vs the baseline; t test P < .05). These effects were not reversible following washout of the MXD solution. Retrospective investigation showed 32 cases of cancer associated with the use of topical MXD in humans. The rats treated with MXD HP-β-CD were less severely affected. MXD causes proliferative adverse effects. The MXD HP-β-CD inclusion complex reduces these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Rosa Scala
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Anatomy PathologyDepartment of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Flavia la Forgia
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Sergio Fontana
- Farmalabor s.r.I.Centro di Ricerca “Dr. Sergio Fontana 1900‐1982”Canosa di PugliaItaly
| | - Massimo Franco
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariBariItaly
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Wu CN, Tien KJ. The Impact of Antidiabetic Agents on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9368583. [PMID: 32695832 PMCID: PMC7368208 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9368583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. Contributing factors include nutritional, genetic, inflammatory, and endocrinal factors. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is high, especially in patients with poor glycemic control. Additionally, antidiabetic agents may alter the balance between protein synthesis and degradation through various mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass regulation. This study reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in diabetes mellitus and the current understanding of whether antidiabetic agents contribute positively or negatively to sarcopenia and muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ning Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Tien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Camerino C, Conte E, Carratù MR, Fonzino A, Lograno MD, Tricarico D. Oxytocin/Osteocalcin/IL-6 and NGF/BDNF mRNA Levels in Response to Cold Stress Challenge in Mice: Possible Oxytonic Brain-Bone-Muscle-Interaction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1437. [PMID: 31827442 PMCID: PMC6890828 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt), osteocalcin (Ost), and NGF/BDNF have a role in bone homeostasis, reproduction, and cognition. Oxt/Ost is required for muscle repair. We investigated gene response of muscle and the inter-organ communication following cold stress (CS). The mRNA quantity of Ngf, Ost, Oxt, Bdnf, p75ntr, Ntrk1, Gprc6a, Oxtr, Ntrk2, UCP1, and Il-6 genes in bone, brain, soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from adult mice following CS were investigated. The myosin heavy-chain Mhc2b, Mhc1, Mhc2x, and Mhc2a gene expression were investigated. Mice were maintained at T = 23°C or 4°C for 6 h and 5-days (5d). CS mice did not show signs of muscle degeneration. An upregulation of Ucp1 and Ngf genes by 2 and 1.5 folds, respectively, in TA after 6 h CS and Ntrk1 by 4 and 22 folds in SOL muscle after 6 h and 5d CS, respectively, was observed; while after 6 h CS p75Ntr was downregulated in either muscle. Bdnf was unaffected, while after 5d CS Ntrk2 was upregulated in TA. Ost was downregulated in SOL by 0.9-folds at 5d. Following 5d CS, Oxtr and Il-6 genes were upregulated, respectively, by 1 and 1.5 folds in SOL. A downregulation of Mhc2b, respectively, by 0.96 and 0.88-folds after 6 h and 5d CS in SOL and Mhc2a was also downregulated by 0.88-fold after 5d CS in TA. Mhc1 and Mhc2x were not affected. Changes in the expression levels of genes in TA and SOL muscles, bone, and brain following CS were regulated by IL6 and Oxt. CS potentiates the slow-twitch phenotype of SOL which is in line with the metabolic need of this muscle, and the potentiation of the slow-twitch phenotype in TA. Oxt and IL6 coordinate a phenotype-dependent tonic effect of slow-twitch muscle and Oxt regulates the inter-organ interaction between brain and SOL muscle. Muscle tropism is maintained by NGF signaling following CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (Section of Pharmacology), School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (Section of Pharmacology), School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Diego Lograno
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Kimonis V, Surampalli A, Wencel M, Gold JA, Cowen NM. A randomized pilot efficacy and safety trial of diazoxide choline controlled-release in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221615. [PMID: 31545799 PMCID: PMC6756513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic condition characterized by hyperphagia, hypotonia, low muscle mass, excess body fat, developmental delays, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and growth hormone deficiency. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of orally administered Diazoxide Choline Controlled-Release Tablets (DCCR) in subjects with PWS. Method This was a single-center, Phase II study and included a 10-week Open-Label Treatment Period during which subjects were dose escalated, followed by a 4-week Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Treatment Period. Results Five female and eight male overweight or obese, adolescent and adult subjects with genetically-confirmed PWS with an average age of 15.5±2.9 years were enrolled in the study. There was a statistically significant reduction in hyperphagia at the end of the Open-Label Treatment Period (-4.32, n = 11, p = 0.006). The onset of effect on hyperphagia was rapid and greater reductions in hyperphagia were seen in subjects with moderate to severe Baseline hyperphagia (-5.50, n = 6, p = 0.03), in subjects treated with the highest dose (-6.25, n = 4, p = 0.08), and in subjects with moderate to severe Baseline hyperphagia treated with the highest dose (-7.83, n = 3, p = 0.09). DCCR treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of subjects displaying aggressive behaviors (-57.1%, n = 10, p = 0.01), clinically-relevant reductions in fat mass (-1.58 kg, n = 11, p = 0.02) and increases in lean body mass (2.26 kg, n = 11, p = 0.003). There was a corresponding decrease in waist circumference, and trends for improvements in lipids and insulin resistance. The most common adverse events were peripheral edema and transient increases in glucose. Many of the adverse events were common medical complications of PWS and diazoxide. Conclusion DCCR treatment appears to address various unmet needs associated with PWS, including hyperphagia and aggressive behaviors in this proof-of-concept study. If the results were replicated in a larger scale study, DCCR may be a preferred therapeutic option for patients with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Abhilasha Surampalli
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Marie Wencel
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - June-Anne Gold
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical School, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Neil M. Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, United States of America
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Xu Y, Halievski K, Katsuno M, Adachi H, Sobue G, Breedlove SM, Jordan CL. Pre-clinical symptoms of SBMA may not be androgen-dependent: implications from two SBMA mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2425-2442. [PMID: 29897452 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinguishing aspect of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is its androgen-dependence, possibly explaining why only males are clinically affected. This disease, which impairs neuromuscular function, is linked to a polyglutamine expansion mutation in the androgen receptor (AR). In mouse models of SBMA, motor dysfunction is associated with pronounced defects in neuromuscular transmission, including defects in evoked transmitter release (quantal content, QC) and fiber membrane excitability (based on the resting membrane potential, RMP). However, whether such defects are androgen-dependent is unknown. Thus, we recorded synaptic potentials intracellularly from adult muscle fibers of transgenic (Tg) AR97Q male mice castrated pre-symptomatically. Although castration largely protects both QC and the RMP of fibers, correlating with the protective effect of castration on motor function, significant deficits in QC and RMP remained. Surprisingly, comparable defects in QC and RMP were also observed in pre-symptomatic AR97Q males, indicating that such defects emerge early and are pre-clinical. Exposing asymptomatic Tg females to androgens also induces both motor dysfunction and comparable defects in QC and RMP. Notably, asymptomatic Tg females also showed significant deficits in QC and RMP, albeit less severe, supporting their pre-clinical nature, but also raising questions about the androgen-dependence of pre-clinical symptoms. In summary, current evidence indicates that disease progression depends on androgens, but early pathogenic events may be triggered by the mutant AR allele independent of androgens. Such early, androgen-independent disease mechanisms may also be relevant to females carrying the SBMA allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfen Xu
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environment Health School of Medicine, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Marc Breedlove
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia L Jordan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Cell Cycle Regulation by Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ (BK) Channels Modulators in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082442. [PMID: 30126198 PMCID: PMC6121591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel modulation by Paxilline (PAX) (10−7–10−4 M), Iberiotoxin (IbTX) (0.1–1 × 10−6 M) and Resveratrol (RESV) (1–2 × 10−4 M) on cell cycle and proliferation, AKT1pSer473 phosphorylation, cell diameter, and BK currents were investigated in SH-SY5Y cells using Operetta-high-content-Imaging-System, ELISA-assay, impedentiometric counting method and patch-clamp technique, respectively. IbTX (4 × 10−7 M), PAX (5 × 10−5 M) and RESV (10−4 M) caused a maximal decrease of the outward K+ current at +30 mV (Vm) of −38.3 ± 10%, −31.9 ± 9% and −43 ± 8%, respectively, which was not reversible following washout and cell depolarization. After 6h of incubation, the drugs concentration dependently reduced proliferation. A maximal reduction of cell proliferation, respectively of −60 ± 8% for RESV (2 × 10−4 M) (IC50 = 1.50 × 10−4 M), −65 ± 6% for IbTX (10−6 M) (IC50 = 5 × 10−7 M), −97 ± 6% for PAX (1 × 10−4 M) (IC50 = 1.06 × 10−5 M) and AKT1pser473 dephosphorylation was observed. PAX induced a G1/G2 accumulation and contraction of the S-phase, reducing the nuclear area and cell diameter. IbTX induced G1 contraction and G2 accumulation reducing diameter. RESV induced G2 accumulation and S contraction reducing diameter. These drugs share common actions leading to a block of the surface membrane BK channels with cell depolarization and calcium influx, AKT1pser473 dephosphorylation by calcium-dependent phosphatase, accumulation in the G2 phase, and a reduction of diameter and proliferation. In addition, the PAX action against nuclear membrane BK channels potentiates its antiproliferative effects with early apoptosis.
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Characterization of minoxidil/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in aqueous alginate gel useful for alopecia management: Efficacy evaluation in male rat. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 122:146-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Maqoud F, Cetrone M, Mele A, Tricarico D. Molecular structure and function of big calcium-activated potassium channels in skeletal muscle: pharmacological perspectives. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:306-317. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00121.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is broadly expressed in various mammalian cells and tissues such as neurons, skeletal muscles (sarco-BK), and smooth muscles. These channels are activated by changes in membrane electrical potential and by increases in the concentration of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+). The BK channel is subjected to many mechanisms that add diversity to the BK channel α-subunit gene. These channels are indeed subject to alternative splicing, auxiliary subunits modulation, posttranslational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. BK channels can be modulated by diverse molecules that may induce either an increase or decrease in channel activity. The linkage of these channels to many intracellular metabolites and pathways, as well as their modulation by extracellular natural agents, have been found to be relevant in many physiological processes. BK channel diversity is obtained by means of alternative splicing and modulatory β- and γ-subunits. The association of the α-subunit with β- or with γ-subunits can change the BK channel phenotype, functional diversity, and pharmacological properties in different tissues. In the case of the skeletal muscle BK channel (sarco-BK channel), we established that the main mechanism regulating BK channel diversity is the alternative splicing of the KCNMA1/slo1 gene encoding for the α-subunit generating different splicing isoform in the muscle phenotypes. This finding helps to design molecules selectively targeting the skeletal muscle subtypes. The use of drugs selectively targeting the skeletal muscle BK channels is a promising strategy in the treatment of familial disorders affecting muscular skeletal apparatus including hyperkalemia and hypokalemia periodic paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Michela Cetrone
- Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; and
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Conte E, Camerino GM, Mele A, De Bellis M, Pierno S, Rana F, Fonzino A, Caloiero R, Rizzi L, Bresciani E, Ben Haj Salah K, Fehrentz J, Martinez J, Giustino A, Mariggiò MA, Coluccia M, Tricarico D, Lograno MD, De Luca A, Torsello A, Conte D, Liantonio A. Growth hormone secretagogues prevent dysregulation of skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis in a rat model of cisplatin-induced cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:386-404. [PMID: 28294567 PMCID: PMC5703021 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a wasting condition associated with cancer types and, at the same time, is a serious and dose-limiting side effect of cancer chemotherapy. Skeletal muscle loss is one of the main characteristics of cachexia that significantly contributes to the functional muscle impairment. Calcium-dependent signaling pathways are believed to play an important role in skeletal muscle decline observed in cachexia, but whether intracellular calcium homeostasis is affected in this situation remains uncertain. Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS), a family of synthetic agonists of ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a), are being developed as a therapeutic option for cancer cachexia syndrome; however, the exact mechanism by which GHS interfere with skeletal muscle is not fully understood. METHODS By a multidisciplinary approach ranging from cytofluorometry and electrophysiology to gene expression and histology, we characterized the calcium homeostasis in fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of adult rats with cisplatin-induced cachexia and established the potential beneficial effects of two GHS (hexarelin and JMV2894) at this level. Additionally, in vivo measures of grip strength and of ultrasonography recordings allowed us to evaluate the functional impact of GHS therapeutic intervention. RESULTS Cisplatin-treated EDL muscle fibres were characterized by a ~18% significant reduction of the muscle weight and fibre diameter together with an up-regulation of atrogin1/Murf-1 genes and a down-regulation of Pgc1-a gene, all indexes of muscle atrophy, and by a two-fold increase in resting intracellular calcium, [Ca2+ ]i , compared with control rats. Moreover, the amplitude of the calcium transient induced by caffeine or depolarizing high potassium solution as well as the store-operated calcium entry were ~50% significantly reduced in cisplatin-treated rats. Calcium homeostasis dysregulation parallels with changes of functional ex vivo (excitability and resting macroscopic conductance) and in vivo (forelimb force and muscle volume) outcomes in cachectic animals. Administration of hexarelin or JMV2894 markedly reduced the cisplatin-induced alteration of calcium homeostasis by both common as well as drug-specific mechanisms of action. This effect correlated with muscle function preservation as well as amelioration of various atrophic indexes, thus supporting the functional impact of GHS activity on calcium homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a direct evidence that a dysregulation of calcium homeostasis plays a key role in cisplatin-induced model of cachexia gaining insight into the etiopathogenesis of this form of muscle wasting. Furthermore, our demonstration that GHS administration efficaciously prevents cisplatin-induced calcium homeostasis alteration contributes to elucidate the mechanism of action through which GHS could potentially ameliorate chemotherapy-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | | | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Sabata Pierno
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Francesco Rana
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Roberta Caloiero
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Laura Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaVia Cadore 4820900MonzaItaly
| | - Elena Bresciani
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaVia Cadore 4820900MonzaItaly
| | - Khoubaib Ben Haj Salah
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRSUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCMAvenue Charles Flahault BP 14491Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Jean‐Alain Fehrentz
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRSUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCMAvenue Charles Flahault BP 14491Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRSUniversity of Montpellier, ENSCMAvenue Charles Flahault BP 14491Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of BariPiazza Giulio Cesare70125BariItaly
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of BariPiazza Giulio Cesare70125BariItaly
| | - Mauro Coluccia
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | | | - Annamaria De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Antonio Torsello
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaVia Cadore 4820900MonzaItaly
| | - Diana Conte
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug SciencesUniversity of BariVia Orabona 470125BariItaly
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Imbrici P, Tricarico D, Mangiatordi GF, Nicolotti O, Lograno MD, Conte D, Liantonio A. Pharmacovigilance database search discloses ClC-K channels as a novel target of the AT 1 receptor blockers valsartan and olmesartan. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1972-1983. [PMID: 28334417 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human ClC-K chloride channels are highly attractive targets for drug discovery as they have a variety of important physiological functions and are associated with genetic disorders. These channels are crucial in the kidney as they control chloride reabsorption and water diuresis. In addition, loss-of-function mutations of CLCNKB and BSND genes cause Bartter's syndrome (BS), whereas CLCNKA and CLCNKB gain-of-function polymorphisms predispose to a rare form of salt sensitive hypertension. Both disorders lack a personalized therapy that is in most cases only symptomatic. The aim of this study was to identify novel ClC-K ligands from drugs already on the market, by exploiting the pharmacological side activity of drug molecules available from the FDA Adverse Effects Reporting System database. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We searched for drugs having a Bartter-like syndrome as a reported side effect, with the assumption that BS could be causatively related to the block of ClC-K channels. The ability of the selected BS-causing drugs to bind and block ClC-K channels was then validated through an integrated experimental and computational approach based on patch clamp electrophysiology in HEK293 cells and molecular docking simulations. KEY RESULTS Valsartan and olmesartan were able to block ClC-Ka channels and the molecular requirements for effective inhibition of these channels have been identified. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest additional mechanisms of action for these sartans further to their primary AT1 receptor antagonism and propose these compounds as leads for designing new potent ClC-K ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Diana Conte
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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Tricarico D, Mele A. Commentary: A BK (Slo1) channel journey from molecule to physiology. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:188. [PMID: 28424624 PMCID: PMC5380717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of BariBari, Italy
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A novel injectable formulation of 6-fluoro-l-DOPA imaging agent for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors and Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:304-313. [PMID: 28119123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two [19F]F-l-DOPA (F-DOPA) new β-cyclodextrin (CD)-based dosage forms (FA and FB, respectively) have been studied and their physico-chemical and pharmacological features determined to overcome the administration site reactions showed by the currently used [18F]F-l-DOPA formulation (IASOdopa®) to perform PET-CT diagnosis in oncology (neuroendocrine tumors) and neurological (Parkinson's disease) field. Chemical stability of FA and FB was found to be longer than IASOdopa® by adding the thiol-antioxidant agent, L-Cysteine. 1H and 19F NMR investigations suggest the formation of an inclusion complex of F-DOPA with β-CD. In vitro experiments on the effects of FA and FB on mouse skeletal muscle fibers and on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and embryonal kidney tsA201 cell lines viability showed that FA was the most performant formulation compared to F-DOPA solutions. In vivo tolerability tests of FA on adult male rat showed no significant effects on body weight and no change in their dried organs weight. In addition, their metabolic and physiological parameters were not affected. In conclusion, [18F]F-l-DOPA, formulated as FA, constitutes a promising dosage form for PET-CT diagnosis of both neuroendocrine tumors and Parkinson's disease.
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32
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Camerino C, Conte E, Cannone M, Caloiero R, Fonzino A, Tricarico D. Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Osteocalcin Gene Relationship in Energy Regulation, Bone Homeostasis and Reproductive Organs Analyzed by mRNA Quantitative Evaluation and Linear Correlation Analysis. Front Physiol 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27790153 PMCID: PMC5061807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)/Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and osteocalcin share common effects regulating energy, bone mass, reproduction and neuronal functions. To investigate on the gene-relationship between NGF, BDNF, and Osteocalcin we compared by RT-PCR the transcript levels of Ngf, Bdnf and Osteocalcin as well as of their receptors p75NTR/NTRK1, NTRK2, and Gprc6a in brain, bone, white/brown adipose tissue (WAT/BAT) and reproductive organs of 3 months old female and male mice. Brain and bone were used as positive controls for NGF/BDNF and Osteocalcin respectively. The role of oxitocin(Oxt) and its receptor(Oxtr) was also investigated. Ngf expression shows an opposite trend compared to Bdnf. Ngf /p75NTR expression is 50% higher in BAT than brain, in both genders, but lower in bone. In contrast, Bdnf expression in bone is higher than in brain, but low in BAT/WAT. We found Osteocalcin gene expressed in brain in both genders, but Gprc6a expression is low in brain and BAT/WAT. As expected, Gprc6a gene is expressed in bone. Oxt gene was markedly expressed in brain, Oxtr in the ovaries and in fat and bone in both genders. Ngf is highly expressed in reproductive tissues and p75NTR mRNA levels are respectively 300, 100, and 50% higher in testis/ovaries/uterus than in brain. In contrast, BDNF genes are not expressed in reproductive tissues. As expected, Gprc6a is expressed in testis but not in the ovaries/uterus. A significant correlation was found between the expression levels of the gene ligands and their receptors in brain, BAT and testis suggesting a common pathway of different genes in these tissues in either male and female. Changes in the expression levels of osteocalcin, Ngf, or Bdnf genes may mutually affect the expression levels of the others. Moreover, it may be possible that different ligands may operate through different receptor subtypes. Oxt and Oxtr failed to show significant correlation. The up-regulation of Ngf /p75NTR in BAT is consistent with NGF as an energy regulator and with BDNF regulating bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Camerino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of BariBari, Italy; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cannone
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Caloiero
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari Bari, Italy
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Tricarico D, Selvaggi M, Passantino G, De Palo P, Dario C, Centoducati P, Tateo A, Curci A, Maqoud F, Mele A, Camerino GM, Liantonio A, Imbrici P, Zizzo N. ATP Sensitive Potassium Channels in the Skeletal Muscle Function: Involvement of the KCNJ11(Kir6.2) Gene in the Determination of Mechanical Warner Bratzer Shear Force. Front Physiol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27242541 PMCID: PMC4862255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive K+-channels (KATP) are distributed in the tissues coupling metabolism with K+ ions efflux. KATP subunits are encoded by KCNJ8 (Kir6.1), KCNJ11 (Kir6.2), ABCC8 (SUR1), and ABCC9 (SUR2) genes, alternative RNA splicing give rise to SUR variants that confer distinct physiological properties on the channel. An high expression/activity of the sarco-KATP channel is observed in various rat fast-twitch muscles, characterized by elevated muscle strength, while a low expression/activity is observed in the slow-twitch muscles characterized by reduced strength and frailty. Down-regulation of the KATP subunits of fast-twitch fibers is found in conditions characterized by weakness and frailty. KCNJ11 gene knockout mice have reduced glycogen, lean phenotype, lower body fat, and weakness. KATP channel is also a sensor of muscle atrophy. The KCNJ11 gene is located on BTA15, close to a QTL for meat tenderness, it has also a role in glycogen storage, a key mechanism of the postmortem transformation of muscle into meat. The role of KCNJ11 gene in muscle function may underlie an effect of KCNJ11 genotypes on meat tenderness, as recently reported. The fiber phenotype and genotype are important in livestock production science. Quantitative traits including meat production and quality are influenced both by environment and genes. Molecular markers can play an important role in the genetic improvement of animals through breeding strategies. Many factors influence the muscle Warner-Bratzler shear force including breed, age, feeding, the biochemical, and functional parameters. The role of KCNJ11gene and related genes on muscle tenderness will be discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Selvaggi
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Cataldo Dario
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Tateo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo MoroBari, Italy; Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali UniversityEl Jadida, Morocco
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia M Camerino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Italy
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Mele A, Fonzino A, Rana F, Camerino GM, De Bellis M, Conte E, Giustino A, Conte Camerino D, Desaphy JF. In vivo longitudinal study of rodent skeletal muscle atrophy using ultrasonography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20061. [PMID: 26832124 PMCID: PMC4735519 DOI: 10.1038/srep20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a widespread ill condition occurring in many diseases, which can reduce quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. We developed a new method using non-invasive ultrasonography to measure soleus and gastrocnemius lateralis muscle atrophy in the hindlimb-unloaded rat, a well-accepted model of muscle disuse. Soleus and gastrocnemius volumes were calculated using the conventional truncated-cone method and a newly-designed sinusoidal method. For Soleus muscle, the ultrasonographic volume determined in vivo with either method was linearly correlated to the volume determined ex-vivo from excised muscles as muscle weight-to-density ratio. For both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, a strong linear correlation was obtained between the ultrasonographic volume and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area determined ex-vivo on muscle cryosections. Thus ultrasonography allowed the longitudinal in vivo evaluation of muscle atrophy progression during hindlimb unloading. This study validates ultrasonography as a powerful method for the evaluation of rodent muscle atrophy in vivo, which would prove useful in disease models and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Francesco Rana
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Polyclinic Biological Research Institute, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124 Italy
| | - Diana Conte Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125 Italy
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Polyclinic Biological Research Institute, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124 Italy
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Kravtsova VV, Petrov AM, Matchkov VV, Bouzinova EV, Vasiliev AN, Benziane B, Zefirov AL, Chibalin AV, Heiny JA, Krivoi II. Distinct α2 Na,K-ATPase membrane pools are differently involved in early skeletal muscle remodeling during disuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:175-88. [PMID: 26755774 PMCID: PMC4727944 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Location, location, location. The Na-K pump of skeletal muscle is regulated differently at neuromuscular junctions. The Na,K-ATPase is essential for the contractile function of skeletal muscle, which expresses the α1 and α2 subunit isoforms of Na,K-ATPase. The α2 isozyme is predominant in adult skeletal muscles and makes a greater contribution in working compared with noncontracting muscles. Hindlimb suspension (HS) is a widely used model of muscle disuse that leads to progressive atrophy of postural skeletal muscles. This study examines the consequences of acute (6–12 h) HS on the functioning of the Na,K-ATPase α1 and α2 isozymes in rat soleus (disused) and diaphragm (contracting) muscles. Acute disuse dynamically and isoform-specifically regulates the electrogenic activity, protein, and mRNA content of Na,K-ATPase α2 isozyme in rat soleus muscle. Earlier disuse-induced remodeling events also include phospholemman phosphorylation as well as its increased abundance and association with α2 Na,K-ATPase. The loss of α2 Na,K-ATPase activity results in reduced electrogenic pump transport and depolarized resting membrane potential. The decreased α2 Na,K-ATPase activity is caused by a decrease in enzyme activity rather than by altered protein and mRNA content, localization in the sarcolemma, or functional interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The loss of extrajunctional α2 Na,K-ATPase activity depends strongly on muscle use, and even the increased protein and mRNA content as well as enhanced α2 Na,K-ATPase abundance at this membrane region after 12 h of HS cannot counteract this sustained inhibition. In contrast, additional factors may regulate the subset of junctional α2 Na,K-ATPase pool that is able to recover during HS. Notably, acute, low-intensity muscle workload restores functioning of both α2 Na,K-ATPase pools. These results demonstrate that the α2 Na,K-ATPase in rat skeletal muscle is dynamically and acutely regulated by muscle use and provide the first evidence that the junctional and extrajunctional pools of the α2 Na,K-ATPase are regulated differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta V Kravtsova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Bouzinova
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - Alexander N Vasiliev
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Boubacar Benziane
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey L Zefirov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith A Heiny
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Igor I Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Duoqi Z, Qing H, Yang H, Yanchun L, Yi X, Li W. Association Between KCNJ11 Gene E23K Polymorphism and Body Composition Together with its Response to Endurance Training. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:121-5. [PMID: 26089990 PMCID: PMC4468587 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the Association between KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism of Chinese and body composition together with its response to endurance training. Method: 102 biologically unrelated Han nationality male new recruits from northern China volunteered to execute a 5000-m running programme, and the intensity is 95–105% individual lactate threshold. The protocol was lasted for 18 weeks, three times per week. The body composition index, including body weight (WT)、lean body weight (LBW), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (Fat%), was measured before and after training. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism. Results: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the frequency of genotypes in these subjects. Before training, WT, BMI and Fat% in KK group were significantly higher than those in EE and KK group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant difference in LBW among groups (P>0.05). After training, the changes of all body composition index in KK group were bigger significantly greater than those in EE and EK groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism might contribute to individual body composition together with its response to endurance training. The body fat content at baseline in KK was more than those in EE and EK groups, and it may hinder that individual to eliminate their body fat during endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Duoqi
- Department of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, 246011, P.R. China
| | - He Qing
- Department of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, 246011, P.R. China
| | - Hu Yang
- Sport Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Li Yanchun
- Sport Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yi
- Sport Science Department, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Sport Science Department, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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Dual response of the KATP channels to staurosporine: a novel role of SUR2B, SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunits in the regulation of the atrophy in different skeletal muscle phenotypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:266-75. [PMID: 24998494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated on the role of the genes encoding for the ATP-sensitive K(+)-channel (KATP) subunits (SUR1-2A/B, Kir6.2) in the atrophy induced "in vitro" by staurosporine (STS) in different skeletal muscle phenotypes of mouse. Patch-clamp and gene expression experiments showed that the expression/activity of the sarcolemma KATP channel subunits was higher in the fast-twitch than in the slow-twitch fibers. After 1 to 3h of incubation time, the STS (2.14×10(-6)M) treatment enhanced the expression/activity of the SUR2B, SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunit genes, but not SUR2A, in the slow-twitch muscle fibers, induced the caspase-3-9, Atrogin-1 and Murf-1 gene expression without affecting protein content. After 3 to 6h, the STS-related atrophy markedly down-regulated the SUR2B, SUR1 and Kir6.2 genes reducing the KATP currents and reduced the protein content/muscle weight ratio of the slow-twitch muscle by -36.4±6% (p<0.05). After 6 to 24h, no additional changes of the SUR1-2B and Kir6.2 gene expression and muscle protein were observed. In the fast-twitch muscles, STS mildly affected the atrophic genes and protein content, but potentiated the KATP currents down-regulating the Bnip-3 gene. Diazoxide (250-500×10(-6)M), a SUR1-2B/Kir6.2 channel opener, prevented the protein loss induced by STS in the slow-twitch muscle after 6h showing an EC50 of 1.35×10(-7)M and Emax of 75%, down-regulated the caspase-9 gene and enhanced the KATP currents. The enhanced expression/activity of the SUR2B, SUR1 and Kir6.2 genes are cytoprotective against STS-induced atrophy in the slow-twitch muscle; their reduced expression/activity is associated with proteolysis and atrophy in skeletal muscle.
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Mele A, Calzolaro S, Cannone G, Cetrone M, Conte D, Tricarico D. Database search of spontaneous reports and pharmacological investigations on the sulfonylureas and glinides-induced atrophy in skeletal muscle. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00028. [PMID: 25505577 PMCID: PMC4186404 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel is an emerging pathway in the skeletal muscle atrophy which is a comorbidity condition in diabetes. The "in vitro" effects of the sulfonylureas and glinides were evaluated on the protein content/muscle weight, fibers viability, mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, and channel currents in oxidative soleus (SOL), glycolitic/oxidative flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), and glycolitic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers of mice using biochemical and cell-counting Kit-8 assay, image analysis, and patch-clamp techniques. The sulfonylureas were: tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and glimepiride; the glinides were: repaglinide and nateglinide. Food and Drug Administration-Adverse Effects Reporting System (FDA-AERS) database searching of atrophy-related signals associated with the use of these drugs in humans has been performed. The drugs after 24 h of incubation time reduced the protein content/muscle weight and fibers viability more effectively in FDB and SOL than in the EDL. The order of efficacy of the drugs in reducing the protein content in FDB was: repaglinide (EC50 = 5.21 × 10(-6)) ≥ glibenclamide(EC50 = 8.84 × 10(-6)) > glimepiride(EC50 = 2.93 × 10(-5)) > tolbutamide(EC50 = 1.07 × 10(-4)) > nateglinide(EC50 = 1.61 × 10(-4)) and it was: repaglinide(7.15 × 10(-5)) ≥ glibenclamide(EC50 = 9.10 × 10(-5)) > nateglinide(EC50 = 1.80 × 10(-4)) ≥ tolbutamide(EC50 = 2.19 × 10(-4)) > glimepiride(EC50=-) in SOL. The drug-induced atrophy can be explained by the KATP channel block and by the enhancement of the mitochondrial SDH activity. In an 8-month period, muscle atrophy was found in 0.27% of the glibenclamide reports in humans and in 0.022% of the other not sulfonylureas and glinides drugs. No reports of atrophy were found for the other sulfonylureas and glinides in the FDA-AERS. Glibenclamide induces atrophy in animal experiments and in human patients. Glimepiride shows less potential for inducing atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mele
- Departments of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Calzolaro
- Departments of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cannone
- Departments of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Cetrone
- Departments of Pharmacovigilance, University-Hospital Policlinico, Ministry of Health Bari, Italy
| | - Diana Conte
- Departments of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Bari, Italy
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Camerino GM, Pierno S, Liantonio A, De Bellis M, Cannone M, Sblendorio V, Conte E, Mele A, Tricarico D, Tavella S, Ruggiu A, Cancedda R, Ohira Y, Danieli-Betto D, Ciciliot S, Germinario E, Sandonà D, Betto R, Camerino DC, Desaphy JF. Effects of pleiotrophin overexpression on mouse skeletal muscles in normal loading and in actual and simulated microgravity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72028. [PMID: 24015201 PMCID: PMC3756024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a widespread cytokine involved in bone formation, neurite outgrowth, and angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, PTN is upregulated during myogenesis, post-synaptic induction, and regeneration after crushing, but little is known regarding its effects on muscle function. Here, we describe the effects of PTN on the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in mice over-expressing PTN under the control of a bone promoter. The mice were maintained in normal loading or disuse condition, induced by hindlimb unloading (HU) for 14 days. Effects of exposition to near-zero gravity during a 3-months spaceflight (SF) into the Mice Drawer System are also reported. In normal loading, PTN overexpression had no effect on muscle fiber cross-sectional area, but shifted soleus muscle toward a slower phenotype, as shown by an increased number of oxidative type 1 fibers, and increased gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and citrate synthase. The cytokine increased soleus and EDL capillary-to-fiber ratio. PTN overexpression did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy, slow-to-fast transition, and capillary regression induced by SF and HU. Nevertheless, PTN exerted various effects on sarcolemma ion channel expression/function and resting cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in soleus and EDL muscles, in normal loading and after HU. In conclusion, the results show very similar effects of HU and SF on mouse soleus muscle, including activation of specific gene programs. The EDL muscle is able to counterbalance this latter, probably by activating compensatory mechanisms. The numerous effects of PTN on muscle gene expression and functional parameters demonstrate the sensitivity of muscle fibers to the cytokine. Although little benefit was found in HU muscle disuse, PTN may emerge useful in various muscle diseases, because it exerts synergetic actions on muscle fibers and vessels, which could enforce oxidative metabolism and ameliorate muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabata Pierno
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cannone
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeriana Sblendorio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- Department of Oncology, Biology, and Genetics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiu
- Department of Oncology, Biology, and Genetics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Department of Oncology, Biology, and Genetics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Diana Conte Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mele A, Buttiglione M, Cannone G, Vitiello F, Camerino DC, Tricarico D. Opening/blocking actions of pyruvate kinase antibodies on neuronal and muscular KATP channels. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:401-8. [PMID: 22967932 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive-K(+) (KATP) channels couple metabolism to the electrical activity of the cells. This channel is associated with glycolytic enzymes to form complexes regulating the channel activity in various tissues. The pyruvate-kinase (PK) enzyme is an antigen in the Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated Streptococcal infection known as PANDAS which is characterized by an abnormal production of auto-antibodies against PK. Here, the effects of the anti-pyruvate kinase antibody (anti-PK-ab) on the muscle and neuronal KATP channels were investigated in native rat skeletal muscle fibres and human neuroblastoma cell-line (SH-SY5Y), respectively. Furthermore, the interaction of PK with the inwardly rectifier potassium channel (Kir6.1/Kir6.2) subunits of the KATP channels was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in mouse brain using the anti-PK-ab. Patch-clamp experiments showed that the short-term incubation (1h) of the fibres with the anti-PK-ab at the dilutions of 1:500 and 1:300 enhanced the KATP current of 19.6% and 33.5%, respectively. As opposite, the long-term incubation (24h) of the fibres with the anti-PK-ab at the dilutions of 1:500 and 1:300 reduced the KATP current of 16% and 24%, respectively, reducing the diameter with atrophy. The direct application of the anti-PK-ab to the excised patches in the absence of intracellular ATP caused channel block, while in the presence of nucleotide channel opened. In neuronal cell line, in the short-term the anti-PK-ab potentiated KATP currents without affecting survival, while in the long-term the anti-PK-ab reduced KATP currents inducing neuronal death. Opening/blocking actions of the anti-PK antibodies on the KATP channels were observed, the blocking action causes fibre atrophy and neuronal death. We demonstrated that PK and Kir subunits are physically/functionally coupled in neurons. The KATP/PK complex can be proposed a novel target in the autoimmune diseases associated with anti-PK production as in PANDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Mele
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, via Orabona no. 4, University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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Tricarico D, Rolland JF, Cannone G, Mele A, Cippone V, Laghezza A, Carbonara G, Fracchiolla G, Tortorella P, Loiodice F, Conte Camerino D. Structural nucleotide analogs are potent activators/inhibitors of pancreatic β cell KATP channels: an emerging mechanism supporting their use as antidiabetic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:266-76. [PMID: 22028392 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives are novel drugs structurally similar to nucleotides; however, their actions on the pancreatic β cell ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel and on glucose disposal are unknown. Therefore, the effects of the linear/branched alkyl substituents and the aliphatic/aromatic rings at position 2 of the 2H-1,4-benzoxazine nucleus on the activity of these molecules against the pancreatic β cell KATP channel and the Kir6.2ΔC36 subunit were investigated using a patch-clamp technique. The effects of these compounds on glucose disposal that followed glucose loading by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and on fasting glycemia were investigated in normal mice. The 2-n-hexyl analog blocked the KATP (IC₅₀ = 10.1 × 10⁻⁹ M) and Kir6.2ΔC36 (IC₅₀ = 9.6 × 10⁻⁹ M) channels, which induced depolarization. In contrast, the 2-phenyl analog was a potent opener (drug concentration needed to enhance the current by 50% = 0.04 × 10⁻⁹ M), which induced hyperpolarization. The ranked order of the potency/efficacy of the analog openers was 2-phenyl > 2-benzyl > 2-cyclohexylmethyl. The 2-phenylethyl and 2-isopropyl analogs were not effective as blockers/openers. The 2-n-hexyl (2-10 mg/kg) and 2-phenyl analogs (2-30 mg/kg) reduced and enhanced the glucose areas under the curves, respectively, after glucose loading in mice. These compounds did not affect the fasting glycemia as is observed with glibenclamide. The linear alkyl chain and the aromatic ring at position 2 of the 1,4-benzoxazine nucleus are the determinants, which confer the KATP channel blocking action with glucose-lowering effects and the opening action with increased glucose levels, respectively. The opening/blocking actions of these compounds mimic those that were observed with ATP and ADP. The results support the use of these compounds as novel antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, Via Orabona No. 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
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Chen BS, Wu SN. Functional role of the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in electrical behavior of hippocampal neurons: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Theor Biol 2011; 272:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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