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Vinayahalingam S, van Nistelrooij N, Rothweiler R, Tel A, Verhoeven T, Tröltzsch D, Kesting M, Bergé S, Xi T, Heiland M, Flügge T. Advancements in diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders: leveraging Vision transformers for multi-class detection. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:364. [PMID: 38849649 PMCID: PMC11161543 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is critical to prevent oral cancer. This study aims to automatically detect and classify the most common pre-malignant oral lesions, such as leukoplakia and oral lichen planus (OLP), and distinguish them from oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and healthy oral mucosa on clinical photographs using vision transformers. METHODS 4,161 photographs of healthy mucosa, leukoplakia, OLP, and OSCC were included. Findings were annotated pixel-wise and reviewed by three clinicians. The photographs were divided into 3,337 for training and validation and 824 for testing. The training and validation images were further divided into five folds with stratification. A Mask R-CNN with a Swin Transformer was trained five times with cross-validation, and the held-out test split was used to evaluate the model performance. The precision, F1-score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and the confusion matrix of the most effective model were presented. RESULTS The detection of OSCC with the employed model yielded an F1 of 0.852 and AUC of 0.974. The detection of OLP had an F1 of 0.825 and AUC of 0.948. For leukoplakia the F1 was 0.796 and the AUC was 0.938. CONCLUSIONS OSCC were effectively detected with the employed model, whereas the detection of OLP and leukoplakia was moderately effective. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral cancer is often detected in advanced stages. The demonstrated technology may support the detection and observation of OPMD to lower the disease burden and identify malignant oral cavity lesions earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankeeth Vinayahalingam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niels van Nistelrooij
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Rothweiler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Tel
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head&Neck and Neuroscience Department, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Tim Verhoeven
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Tröltzsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefaan Bergé
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tong Xi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tabea Flügge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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Zabin Alotaibi K, Hameed Kolarkodi S. Effectiveness of adjunctive screening tools for potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:28-37. [PMID: 38375389 PMCID: PMC10874794 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives To enhance the abilities of healthcare professionals to make informed treatment decisions and establish accurate diagnoses, it is essential to assess the diagnostic reliability of different adjunctive aids. This systematic review aimed to compare the accuracy of various adjunctive methods for diagnosing suspected oral cancer (OC) or potentially malignant oral disorders (OPMD) in adults against histopathological investigative results. Materials and methods The review protocol registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023463525) was developed in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-Diagnostic Test Accuracy checklist. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted to identify relevant research articles published between January 2014 and April 2023 using the PubMed and EBSCO databases. The research question was meticulously structured following the participants' index test, reference standard, target condition, and study setting framework. To evaluate methodological quality and assess the risk of bias (RoB), the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used. Results An initial search yielded 483 publications, which were reduced to 278 after removal of duplicates. Finally, 85 publications underwent full-text review by two investigators, which lead to 29 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 7% had a low RoB, 72% had an unclear RoB, and 21% had a high RoB. Applicability concerns were expressed in 59% of the studies with low concern, 31% with unclear quality evidence of concern, and 10% with high concern. Conclusion The review findings support the use of these diagnostic methods as valuable adjuncts to biopsy for the early detection of various OPMD and OC. They also highlight the importance of regular screening and awareness in reducing the global burden of OC, while acknowledging that they cannot replace the gold standards of surgical biopsy and histopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Zabin Alotaibi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaul Hameed Kolarkodi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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In Vivo Imaging-Based Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211775. [PMID: 34831531 PMCID: PMC8622517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions that may undergo malignant transformation to oral cancer. The early diagnosis and surveillance of OPMDs reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients. Diagnostic techniques based on medical images analysis have been developed to diagnose clinical conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of imaging-based techniques compared to the gold standard of histopathology to assess their ability to correctly identify the presence of OPMDs. Design: Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using MedLine (PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library (from 2000 to 30 June 2020). The keywords used in the search strategy were: (“oral screening devices” or “autofluorescence” or “chemiluminescence” or “optical imaging” or “imaging technique”) and (“oral dysplasia” or “oral malignant lesions” or “oral precancerosis”). Results: The search strategy identified 1282 potential articles. After analyzing the results and applying the eligibility criteria, the remaining 43 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 34 of these were included in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: None of the analyzed techniques based on assessing oral images can replace the biopsy. Further studies are needed to explore the role of techniques-based imaging analysis to identify an early noninvasive screening method.
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Moffa A, Giorgi L, Costantino A, De Benedetto L, Cassano M, Spriano G, Mercante G, De Virgilio A, Casale M. Accuracy of autofluorescence and chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of oral Dysplasia and Carcinoma: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2021; 121:105482. [PMID: 34399191 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the accuracy of autofluorescence-based (AF) and chemiluminescence-based (CL) systems in the diagnosis of oral dysplastic and malignant lesions in addition to the Conventional Oral Examination (COE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed according to the PRISMA-DTA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 2631 oral cavity lesions (AF, n = 2076; CL, n = 555) from 26 studies (AF = 17; CL = 9) was used for calculation of diagnostic accuracy parameters. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of the AF were 81.3% (95% CI: 74.3% - 87.5%) and 52.1% (95% CI: 36.9% - 67.1%), respectively. Cumulative diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 5.44 (95% CI: 2.29 - 10.56) with a significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 80.7%, 95% CI: 70.0% - 86.7%; p < .05). The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity for the CL were 84.9% (95% CI: 66.7% - 96.7%) and 51.8% (95% CI: 37.3% - 65.9%), respectively. The overall pooled DOR was 8.59 (95% CI: 2.11 - 22.38) with a significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 65.4%, 95% CI: 29.6% - 83.0%; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS AF and CL present a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of dysplastic and malignant oral cavity lesions, demonstrating that diagnostic biopsies may be avoided in case of a negative test result. Both tests have a low specificity, and the reduction of the false positive rate compared to the COE alone remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Moffa
- Integrated Therapies in Otolaryngology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Otolaryngology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Giorgi
- Integrated Therapies in Otolaryngology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Benedetto
- Integrated Therapies in Otolaryngology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Manuele Casale
- Integrated Therapies in Otolaryngology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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Walsh T, Macey R, Kerr AR, Lingen MW, Ogden GR, Warnakulasuriya S. Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 7:CD010276. [PMID: 34282854 PMCID: PMC8407012 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010276.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of malignancy of the oral cavity, and is often proceeded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Early detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (oral cancer) can improve survival rates. The current diagnostic standard of surgical biopsy with histology is painful for patients and involves a delay in order to process the tissue and render a histological diagnosis; other diagnostic tests are available that are less invasive and some are able to provide immediate results. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2015. OBJECTIVES Primary objective: to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of index tests for the detection of oral cancer and OPMD, in people presenting with clinically evident suspicious and innocuous lesions. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE to estimate the relative accuracy of the different index tests. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 20 October 2020), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 20 October 2020). The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were also searched for ongoing trials to 20 October 2020. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. We conducted citation searches, and screened reference lists of included studies for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected studies that reported the diagnostic test accuracy of the following index tests when used as an adjunct to conventional oral examination in detecting OPMD or oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: vital staining (a dye to stain oral mucosa tissues), oral cytology, light-based detection and oral spectroscopy, blood or saliva analysis (which test for the presence of biomarkers in blood or saliva). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance. Eligibility, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by at least two authors, independently and in duplicate. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Meta-analysis was used to combine the results of studies for each index test using the bivariate approach to estimate the expected values of sensitivity and specificity. MAIN RESULTS This update included 63 studies (79 datasets) published between 1980 and 2020 evaluating 7942 lesions for the quantitative meta-analysis. These studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination with: vital staining (22 datasets), oral cytology (24 datasets), light-based detection or oral spectroscopy (24 datasets). Nine datasets assessed two combined index tests. There were no eligible diagnostic accuracy studies evaluating blood or salivary sample analysis. Two studies were classed as being at low risk of bias across all domains, and 33 studies were at low concern for applicability across the three domains, where patient selection, the index test, and the reference standard used were generalisable across the population attending secondary care. The summary estimates obtained from the meta-analysis were: - vital staining: sensitivity 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.90) specificity 0.68 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.77), 20 studies, sensitivity low-certainty evidence, specificity very low-certainty evidence; - oral cytology: sensitivity 0.90 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.94) specificity 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.97), 20 studies, sensitivity moderate-certainty evidence, specificity moderate-certainty evidence; - light-based: sensitivity 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.93) specificity 0.50 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.68), 23 studies, sensitivity low-certainty evidence, specificity very low-certainty evidence; and - combined tests: sensitivity 0.78 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.94) specificity 0.71 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.84), 9 studies, sensitivity very low-certainty evidence, specificity very low-certainty evidence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS At present none of the adjunctive tests can be recommended as a replacement for the currently used standard of a surgical biopsy and histological assessment. Given the relatively high values of the summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for oral cytology, this would appear to offer the most potential. Combined adjunctive tests involving cytology warrant further investigation. Potentially eligible studies of blood and salivary biomarkers were excluded from the review as they were of a case-control design and therefore ineligible. In the absence of substantial improvement in the tests evaluated in this updated review, further research into biomarkers may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Macey
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander R Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Graham R Ogden
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Romano A, Di Stasio D, Petruzzi M, Fiori F, Lajolo C, Santarelli A, Lucchese A, Serpico R, Contaldo M. Noninvasive Imaging Methods to Improve the Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma and Its Precursors: State of the Art and Proposal of a Three-Step Diagnostic Process. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122864. [PMID: 34201237 PMCID: PMC8228647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90–95% of malignant tumors of the lip and oral cavity and is associated with high mortality in the advanced stages. Early diagnosis is a challenge for oral pathologists and dentists, due to the ambiguous appearance of early OSCC, which is often misdiagnosed, mistreated, and associated with diagnostic delay. The gold standards for OSCC diagnosis are biopsy and histopathological assessment, but these procedures are invasive and time-consuming. Adjunctive noninvasive techniques allow the definition of the malignant features of a suspicious lesion in real time and noninvasively, thus improving the diagnostic procedure. The present review aimed to focus on some of the main promising noninvasive imaging techniques, to highlight their perspective adoption in a three-step diagnosis, which is idealistically faster and better, as well as enables the patient’s compliance. Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer of lips and oral cavity, and its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at the early stages, is responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy and histopathological assessment are the gold standards for OSCC diagnosis, but they are time-consuming, invasive, and do not always enable the patient’s compliance, mainly in cases of follow-up with the need for more biopsies. The use of adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves the diagnostic approach, making it faster and better accepted by patients. The present review aims to focus on the most consolidated diagnostic techniques, such as vital staining and tissue autofluorescence, and to report the potential role of some of the most promising innovative techniques, such as narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. According to their contribution to OSCC diagnosis, an ideal three-step diagnostic procedure is proposed, to make the diagnostic path faster, better, and more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Fausto Fiori
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli–IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialist and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3204876058
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Band-Selection of a Portal LED-Induced Autofluorescence Multispectral Imager to Improve Oral Cancer Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093219. [PMID: 34066507 PMCID: PMC8125388 DOI: 10.3390/s21093219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to find effective spectral bands for the early detection of oral cancer. The spectral images in different bands were acquired using a self-made portable light-emitting diode (LED)-induced autofluorescence multispectral imager equipped with 365 and 405 nm excitation LEDs, emission filters with center wavelengths of 470, 505, 525, 532, 550, 595, 632, 635, and 695 nm, and a color image sensor. The spectral images of 218 healthy points in 62 healthy participants and 218 tumor points in 62 patients were collected in the ex vivo trials at China Medical University Hospital. These ex vivo trials were similar to in vivo because the spectral images of anatomical specimens were immediately acquired after the on-site tumor resection. The spectral images associated with red, blue, and green filters correlated with and without nine emission filters were quantized by four computing method, including summated intensity, the highest number of the intensity level, entropy, and fractional dimension. The combination of four computing methods, two excitation light sources with two intensities, and 30 spectral bands in three experiments formed 264 classifiers. The quantized data in each classifier was divided into two groups: one was the training group optimizing the threshold of the quantized data, and the other was validating group tested under this optimized threshold. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each classifier were derived from these tests. To identify the influential spectral bands based on the area under the region and the testing results, a single-layer network learning process was used. This was compared to conventional rules-based approaches to show its superior and faster performance. Consequently, four emission filters with the center wavelengths of 470, 505, 532, and 550 nm were selected by an AI-based method and verified using a rule-based approach. The sensitivities of six classifiers using these emission filters were more significant than 90%. The average sensitivity of these was about 96.15%, the average specificity was approximately 69.55%, and the average accuracy was about 82.85%.
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Efficacy of non-invasive diagnostic methods in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer and precancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88:937-947. [PMID: 33642212 PMCID: PMC9615541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of oral lesions have been conducted, but they were inherently limited to direct pairwise comparisons between a single method and a single alternative, while multiple diagnostic options and the ranking thereof were methodologically not possible. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic values of various methods in patients with oral potential malignant disease by performing a network meta-analysis. METHODS Two authors independently searched the databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Google scholar) up to June 2020 for studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of various tools (autofluorescence, chemiluminescence, cytology, narrow band imaging, and toluidine blue) with visual examination or other tools. The outcomes of interest for this analysis were sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy. Both a standard pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS Treatment networks consisting of six interventions were defined for the network meta-analysis. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that, among six methods, narrow band imaging showed higher sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy compared to visual examination. The results of network meta-analysis showed that autofluorescence, chemiluminescence, and narrow band imaging had higher sensitivity compared with visual examination, and that chemiluminescence and narrow band imaging had higher negative predictive value compared with visual examination. However, autofluorescence and chemiluminescence had lower specificity compared with visual examination. There were no significant differences in positive predictive value and accuracy among the six interventions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that narrow banding imaging has superiority in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value compared with the other five tested agents.
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Diagnostic accuracy of clinical visualization and light-based tests in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4145-4159. [PMID: 33392809 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate and compare the performance of autofluorescence, chemiluminescence, and clinical visual examination in the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), oral cancer (OC), and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis based on diagnostic test studies. A literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through August 30, 2020. For this review, the quality assessment tool of diagnostic precision studies (QUADAS-2) was used. Hierarchical regression models were used to estimate pooled diagnostic precision values in a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 40 studies were identified for this review according to each test evaluated: 5.562 samples for autofluorescence, 1.353 samples for chemiluminescence, and 1.892 samples for clinical examination. The summary measures sensitivity and specificity of the clinical examination were 63% and 78%, respectively, AUC = 0.78 95% CI (0.74-0.81). In the autofluorescence test, these were 86% and 72%, respectively, AUC = 0.86 95% CI (0.83-0.89); and the chemiluminescent test were 67% and 48%, respectively, AUC = 0.59 95% CI (0.54-0.63) CONCLUSIONS: Autofluorescence devices displayed superior accuracy levels in the identification of premalignant lesions and early neoplastic changes compared to clinical examination and chemiluminescent test. Overall, biopsy remains the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of OPMD, OC, and OPC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Light-based clinical methods such as autofluorescence and chemiluminescence techniques have been used in clinical diagnosis for the differentiation of OPMD and malignant and benign lesions; although detailed visual examination appears to be effective in identifying, previous systematic reviews have not evaluated a relevant number of studies and they did not evaluate the accuracy of the clinical examination.
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Lima IFP, Brand LM, de Figueiredo JAP, Steier L, Lamers ML. Use of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes as a potential diagnostic tool for oral cancer: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102073. [PMID: 33232819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are directly related to the stage of development of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, but it is estimated an average delay in diagnosis of 2-5 months. New non-invasive techniques for the early diagnosis of OSCC are being developed, such as methodologies to detect spectral changes of tumor cells. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the potential use of autofluorescence and/or fluorescent probes for OSCC diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) were used as research sources. Protocol was registered with PROSPERO. It was included studies that evaluated tissue autofluorescence and/or used fluorescent probes as a method of diagnosing and/or treatment of oral cancer in humans. RESULTS Forty-five studies were selected for this systematic review, of which 28 dealt only with autofluorescence, 18 on fluorescent probes and 1 evaluated both methods. The VELscope® was the most used device for autofluorescence, exhibiting sensitivity (33%-100%) and specificity (12%-88.6%). 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was the most used fluorescent probe, exhibiting high sensitivity (90%-100%) and specificity (51.3%-96%). Hypericin, rhodamine 6 G, rhodamine 610, porphyrin and γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green have also been reported. CONCLUSION Thus, the autofluorescence and fluorescent probes can provide an accurate diagnosis of oral cancer, assisting the dentist during daily clinical activity, but it is not yet possible to suggest that this method may replace histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Felipe Pereira Lima
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Meurer Brand
- Academic in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liviu Steier
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Kim DH, Song EA, Kim SW, Hwang SH. Efficacy of toluidine blue in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer and pre‐cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2020; 46:23-30. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Eun A. Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Seoul St. Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Bucheon St. Mary’s HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
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12
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Tiwari L, Kujan O, Farah CS. Clinico-pathological correlation of optical fluorescence imaging in oral mucosal lesions. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1230-1239. [PMID: 32198955 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify clinical and pathological characteristics of oral mucosal lesions that may be predictive of optical autofluorescence imaging patterns. METHODS Clinical data and archival histopathological material were collected from patients who presented with at least one oral mucosal lesion and underwent assessment via conventional oral examination, optical autofluorescence imaging and histopathological analysis. An open-source digital pathology image analysis software was used to perform histomorphometric measurements. Classification and regression trees were used to determine histopathological characteristics most predictive of a clinical autofluorescence outcome. RESULTS Histomorphometric features associated with tissue architecture, epithelial changes, inflammation and vasculature were found to be significantly associated with autofluorescence patterns. Diascopic fluorescence was found to be significantly predicted by lichenoid inflammation and was significantly associated with a diagnosis of oral lichen planus. Loss of autofluorescence with partial blanching was significantly associated with histopathological features noted in dysplastic and malignant lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the use of diascopic fluorescence as a technique to aid in clinical differentiation of benign inflammatory lesions from potentially malignant pathology. Based on the findings of this study, optical fluorescence imaging is a technique of added value in discernment of oral mucosal lesions, and our results support its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalima Tiwari
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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13
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Kim DH, Kim SW, Hwang SH. Autofluorescence imaging to identify oral malignant or premalignant lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2020; 42:3735-3743. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul South Korea
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14
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Diagnostic Adjuncts for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Wang X, Yang J, Wei C, Zhou G, Wu L, Gao Q, He X, Shi J, Mei Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Wu F, Luo J, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Yin J, Hu T, Lin M, Liang Z, Zhou H. A personalized computational model predicts cancer risk level of oral potentially malignant disorders and its web application for promotion of non-invasive screening. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:417-426. [PMID: 31823403 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their high accuracy to recognize oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with cancer risk, non-invasive oral assays are poor in discerning whether the risk is high or low. However, it is critical to identify the risk levels, since high-risk patients need active intervention, while low-risk ones simply need to be follow-up. This study aimed at developing a personalized computational model to predict cancer risk level of OPMDs and explore its potential web application in OPMDs screening. METHODS Each enrolled patient was subjected to the following procedure: personal information collection, non-invasive oral examination, oral tissue biopsy and histopathological analysis, treatment, and follow-up. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (N = 159) and a test set (N = 107). Random forest was used to establish classification models. A baseline model (model-B) and a personalized model (model-P) were created. The former used the non-invasive scores only, while the latter was incremented with appropriate personal features. RESULTS We compared the respective performance of cancer risk level prediction by model-B, model-P, and clinical experts. Our data suggested that all three have a similar level of specificity around 90%. In contrast, the sensitivity of model-P is beyond 80% and superior to the other two. The improvement of sensitivity by model-P reduced the misclassification of high-risk patients as low-risk ones. We deployed model-P in web.opmd-risk.com, which can be freely and conveniently accessed. CONCLUSION We have proposed a novel machine-learning model for precise and cost-effective OPMDs screening, which integrates clinical examinations, machine learning, and information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanyan Wu
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhi Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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History and future perspectives for the use of fluorescence visualization to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Petruzzi M, Della Vella F, Cassandro A, Mosca A, Di Comite M, Contaldo M, Grassi FR, Lauritano D. Dorsal tongue porphyrin autofluorescence and Candida saprophytism: A prospective observational study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223072. [PMID: 31557235 PMCID: PMC6762088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the correlation between the dorsal tongue porphyrin autofluorescence, revealed using VELscope, and Candida saprophytism. Material and methods Consecutive patients underwent an autofluorescence examination by the VELscope device to establish the presence or absence of porphyrin fluorescence. A tongue swab was collected for the Candida cultural test. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated considering the oral swab as the gold standard. The degree of agreement between the two tests was calculated using Cohen's K coefficient. Results One hundred twenty-six patients were enrolled. Porphyrin fluorescence method showed a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 76% and an accuracy of 78%. Negative predictive value and positive predictive value were respectively 90% and 59%. The strength of agreement between the two methods resulted to be moderate (k = 0.551). Conclusions Off-label use of tongue autofluorescence examination to detect the presence of Candida species is characterized by a loss of porphyrin fluorescence. The high negative predictive value of porphyrin fluorescence loss suggests its use in preliminary selection of Candida carriers, in order to plan preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fedora Della Vella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Cassandro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariasevera Di Comite
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Roberto Grassi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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18
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Lingen MW, Tampi MP, Urquhart O, Abt E, Agrawal N, Chaturvedi AK, Cohen E, D'Souza G, Gurenlian J, Kalmar JR, Kerr AR, Lambert PM, Patton LL, Sollecito TP, Truelove E, Banfield L, Carrasco-Labra A. Adjuncts for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: Diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis-a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 148:797-813.e52. [PMID: 29080605 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common manifestation of malignancy in the oral cavity. Adjuncts are available for clinicians to evaluate lesions that seem potentially malignant. In this systematic review, the authors summarized the available evidence on patient-important outcomes, diagnostic test accuracy (DTA), and patients' values and preferences (PVPs) when using adjuncts for the evaluation of clinically evident lesions in the oral cavity. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched for preexisting systematic reviews and assessed their quality using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews tool. The authors updated the selected reviews and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify randomized controlled trials and DTA and PVPs studies. Pairs of reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and assessment of the certainty in the evidence by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS The authors identified 4 existing reviews. DTA reviews included 37 studies. The authors retrieved 7,534 records, of which 9 DTA and 10 PVPs studies were eligible. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of adjuncts ranged from 0.39 to 0.96 for the evaluation of innocuous lesions and from 0.31 to 0.95 for the evaluation of suspicious lesions. Cytologic testing used in suspicious lesions appears to have the highest accuracy among adjuncts (sensitivity, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 0.98; specificity, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.99; low-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Cytologic testing appears to be the most accurate adjunct among those included in this review. The main concerns are the high rate of false-positive results and serious issues of risk of bias and indirectness of the evidence. Clinicians should remain skeptical about the potential benefit of any adjunct in clinical practice.
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19
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Tiwari L, Kujan O, Farah CS. Optical fluorescence imaging in oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2019; 26:491-510. [PMID: 30810255 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the efficacy of direct optical fluorescence imaging as an adjunct to comprehensive oral examination in the clinical evaluation, risk assessment and surgical management of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. METHODS Studies adopting autofluorescence devices, evaluating the efficacy of comprehensive oral examination and optical fluorescence imaging in detection, visualisation or management of oral squamous cell carcinoma or oral potentially malignant disorders, as well as discriminating oral epithelial dysplasia from other mucosal lesions, were included in the literature search across bibliographic databases until October 2018. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were found to be eligible for inclusion in qualitative analysis. Of these, only six studies demonstrated a low risk of bias across all domains of the methodological assessment tool (QUADAS-2). Optical fluorescence imaging demonstrated positive results, with higher sensitivity scores, increased lesion detection and visualisation than comprehensive oral examination alone in the clinical evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. CONCLUSIONS This review provides promising evidence for the utilisation of optical fluorescence imaging as an adjunct to comprehensive oral examination in varying clinical settings. It is important that devices utilising optical fluorescence imaging are viewed strictly as clinical adjuncts and not specifically as diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalima Tiwari
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Sumi S, Umemura N, Adachi M, Ohta T, Naganawa K, Kawaki H, Takayama E, Kondoh N, Sumitomo S. The luminance ratio of autofluorescence in a xenograft mouse model is stable through tumor growth stages. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:174-181. [PMID: 30386639 PMCID: PMC6203828 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the value of autofluorescence imaging of oral cancer across different stages of tumor growth, to assist in detecting tumors. A xenograft mouse model was created with human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-3 being subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice. Tumor imaging was performed with an autofluorescence imaging method (Illumiscan®) using the luminance ratio, which was defined as the luminance of the tumor site over the luminance of normal skin tissue normalized to a value of 1.0. This luminance ratio was continuously observed postinoculation. Tumor and normal skin tissues were harvested, and differences in the concentrations of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were examined. The luminance ratio of the tumor sites was 0.85 ± 0.05, and there was no significant change in the ratio over time, even if the tumor proliferated and expanded. Furthermore, flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were significantly lower in tumor tissue than in normal skin tissue. A luminance ratio under 0.90 indicates a high possibility of tumor, irrespective of the tumor growth stage. However, this cutoff value was determined using a xenograft mouse model and therefore requires further validation before being used in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Makoto Adachi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Takahisa Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Kosuke Naganawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Harumi Kawaki
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral BiochemistryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
| | - Shinichiro Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAsahi University School of DentistryJapan
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21
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Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148:712-727.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Yan YJ, Huang TW, Cheng NL, Hsieh YF, Tsai MH, Chiou JC, Duann JR, Lin YJ, Yang CS, Ou-Yang M. Portable LED-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy for oral cancer diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:45007. [PMID: 28421226 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.4.045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious and growing problem in many developing and developed countries. To improve the cancer screening procedure, we developed a portable light-emitting-diode (LED)-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) imager that contains two wavelength LED excitation light sources and multiple filters to capture ex vivo oral tissue autofluorescence images. Compared with conventional means of oral cancer diagnosis, the LIAF imager is a handier, faster, and more highly reliable solution. The compact design with a tiny probe allows clinicians to easily observe autofluorescence images of hidden areas located in concave deep oral cavities. The ex vivo trials conducted in Taiwan present the design and prototype of the portable LIAF imager used for analyzing 31 patients with 221 measurement points. Using the normalized factor of normal tissues under the excitation source with 365 nm of the central wavelength and without the bandpass filter, the results revealed that the sensitivity was larger than 84%, the specificity was not smaller than over 76%, the accuracy was about 80%, and the area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was achieved at about 87%, respectively. The fact shows the LIAF spectroscopy has the possibilities of ex vivo diagnosis and noninvasive examinations for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jhe Yan
- National Chiao-Tung University, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Huang
- National Chiao-Tung University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Lun Cheng
- National Chiao-Tung University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Fang Hsieh
- National Central University, Department of Optics and Photonics, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- China Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chern Chiou
- National Chiao-Tung University, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, Hsinchu City, TaiwanbNational Chiao-Tung University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hsinchu City, TaiwaneChina Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ren Duann
- China Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jiun Lin
- China Medical University, School of Medicine, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Siang Yang
- National Chiao-Tung University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Mang Ou-Yang
- National Chiao-Tung University, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, Hsinchu City, TaiwanbNational Chiao-Tung University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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Meynardi F, Pasqualini ME, Rossi F, Dal Carlo L, Nardone M, Baggi L. Implant Dentistry: Monitoring of Bacteria Along the Transmucosal Passage of the Healing Screw in Absence of Functional Load. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:10-20. [PMID: 28280528 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.1s.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the changes in bacterial profile along the transmucosal path of healing screws placed immediately after insertion of two-piece endosseus implants during the 4-month osseointegration phase, in absence of functional load. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two site-specific samples were collected at the peri-implant mucosa of the healing screws of 80 two-piece implants, for a total of 640 samples. Implants placement was performed following a single protocol with flapless technique, in order to limit bacterial contamination of the surgical site. Identical healing screws (5 mm diameter/4 mm height) were used for each of the 80 implants. During the 4 months of the study, the patients followed a standard oral care regimen with no special hygiene maneuvers at the collection sites. RESULTS The present research documents that during the 4-month period prior to application of function load the bacterial profile of all sites exhibited a clear prevalence of cocci at the interface between implant neck and osteoalveolar crest margin. CONCLUSIONS A potentially pathogenic bacterial flora developed only along the peri-implant transmucosal path.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Rossi
- Private practice, Varese, Italy
| | | | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - L Baggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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24
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Sabatini S, Ricci M, Candotto V, Lauritano D, Nardi GM. Effects of the application of high-pressure oxygen on the treatment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:412-423. [PMID: 29682259 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In this study we wanted to observe the improvement in the healing of periodontal tissues in a group of diabetic patients treated with traditional methods compared to another group treated with the addition of oxygen.The potential of oxygen has long been known in the field of plastic surgery, where it is used to treat burns and skin lesions. Materials and methods This study consists in a split mouth study which involved 30 patients. We carefully treated them with periodontal therapy using manual and mechanical instrumentation. Then, we applied oxygen in half mouth according to randomization list. Finally we checked up patients after some weeks. Results Our results highlight that all areas treated with oxygen application healed more rapidly and better than no treated areas. Conclusions All in all, we have demonstrated that oxygen can improve the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabatini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- Private practice, Sarzana (SP), Italy
| | - V Candotto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano "Bicocca", Monza, Italy
| | - G M Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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El Haddad E, Giannì AB, Mancini GE, Cura F, Carinci F. Implant-abutment leaking of replace conical connection nobel biocare ® implant system. An in vitro study of the microbiological penetration from external environment to implant-abutment space. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:76-82. [PMID: 28042434 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.2.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study is to value the microbial contamination in the implant-abutment connections (IAC) of a Nobel Replace Conical Connection implant system [Nobel Biocare®, Vimercate (MB), Italy]. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify the capability of the implant to protect the internal space from the external environment, the passage of genetically modified bacteria across IAC was evaluated. Four Nobel Replace Conical Connection implants (Nobel Biocare®, Vimercate (MB), Italy) were immerged in a bacterial culture for twenty-four hours and then bacteria amount was measured inside and outside IAC with Real-time PCR. Bacterial quantification was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction using the absolute quantification with the standard curve method. RESULTS In all tested implants, bacteria were found in the inner side, with a median percentage of 10.9%. The analysis revealed that in both cases (internally and externally), bacteria grew for the first 48 hours but subsequently they started to dye, probably as a consequence of nutrient consumption. Moreover, the difference between outer and inner bacteria concentration was statistically significant at each time point. CONCLUSIONS Implant's internal contamination shows that IAC is not sealing. The reported results are similar to those of previous studies carried out on different implant systems. Until now, no IAC has been proven to seal the gap between implant and abutment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A B Giannì
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, "Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico", Milano, Italy
| | - G E Mancini
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, "Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico", Milano, Italy
| | - F Cura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Andreasi Bassi M, Andrisani C, Lico S, Ormanier Z, Arcuri C. Upper full arch rehabilitation with sinus by-pass with tilted implants via tapered-threaded expanders in low density bone: a clinical trial. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:61-68. [PMID: 28042432 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.2.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present paper the use of tapered-screw bone expanders (TSBEs) is proposed, in combination with the placement of tilted implants, in close proximity to the anterior sinus wall, solving the problem of the reduced height of the alveolar bone in the sub-antral area. The Authors present a case series of full-arch rehabilitations performed with this procedure named: Tilted Implant Expansion Osteotomy (TIEO). MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 patients (5 males and 7 females, average age 58.5 ± 8.1 years) with totally or partially edentulous maxilla were enrolled in this study. For each patient 4 implants were placed, the anterior implants in the area of lateral incisors or canines while, the posterior implants, immediately in front of the maxillary sinus, with an inclined position. Adopting the aforesaid procedure, 48 cylindrical two-piece implants were placed, 24 of which were placed in tilted position, in order to by-pass the maxillary sinus. After a healing period of 6 months, the second stage surgery was performed. The cases were finalized by means of a hybrid metal-acrylic prosthesis. The post finalization follow-up was at 12 months. RESULTS Survival rate was 100% since none fixtures were lost. At the one-year follow up the clinical and radiological appearance of the soft and hard tissues was optimal and no pathological signs were recorded. CONCLUSION TIEO is a promising surgical procedure for full-arch rehabilitation of maxillary edentulous sites and represents a therapeutic alternative to sinus lift techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Lico
- Private Practice in Olevano Romano (RM), Italy
| | - Z Ormanier
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - C Arcuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Mancini GE, Gianni' AB, Cura F, Ormanier Z, Carinci F. Efficacy of a new implant-abutment connection to minimize microbial contamination: an in vitro study. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:99-105. [PMID: 28042437 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.3.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Ditron implants abutment connection (IAC) to sealing the gap between two pieces. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify the efficacy of a new IAC, the passage of genetically modified bacteria across IAC was evaluated. A total of five Ditron Implants were used. All implants were immerged in a bacterial culture for forty-eight hours and then bacteria amount was measured inside and outside IAC with Real-time PCR. Bacterial quantification was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction using the absolute quantification with the standard curve method. RESULTS In all the tested implants, bacteria were found in the inner side, with a median percentage of 1.35%. The analysis revealed that, in untreated implants, bacteria grew (internally and externally). Moreover, the difference between outer and inner bacteria concentration was statistically significant at each time point. CONCLUSIONS Ditron Implant IAC (MPI, Ditron Dental, Israel) is efficacy in reducing bacterial leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Mancini
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A B Gianni'
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - F Cura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Z Ormanier
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Andreasi Bassi M, Andrisani C, Lico S, Silvestre F, Gargari M, Arcuri C. Increasing volume of vestibular soft tissues in flapless implant surgery through a modified connective punch technique: a controlled clinical trial. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:143-150. [PMID: 28042442 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this article is to make a comparative assessment between the modification of the soft-tissue profile, around the healing cap screws (HCSs), following both the traditional flapless surgery (TFS) and a new modified flapless surgery, named Modified Connective Tissue Punch (MCTP) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 patients (3M and 5F) (mean age 54.25±11.247 years) were enrolled in this study. Sixteen two-piece implants were placed on upper jaws, 2 for each patient, 8 with TFS and 8 with MCTP technique. In each patient the implants were placed in edentulous areas, of 2 or 3 adjacent teeth long. MCTP technique was performed on the front implant site (FIS) while the TFS was performed on the rear implant site (RIS). All implants were inserted and covered with healing cap screws (HCSs). Alginate impressions were carried out at the moment of the surgery, at 1 month and 4 months post-operative. Plaster models were poured and subsequently digitally scanned, in order to measure the distance between the gingival outline and the free margin of the HCS. The recorded values were analyzed with the ANOVA test. RESULTS The use of MTCP technique, in comparison to TFS, showed a significative better outcome, in terms of vertical increments, of gingiva, on the VS toward the HCSs, during the entire observation period (p = 0.000 for all). CONCLUSION The Authors recommend the use of MCTP technique for a better vestibular soft tissue outcome in flapless implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Lico
- Private practice, Olevano Romano, (Rome), Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Departimento de Estomatologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. Department of dentistry "Fra G.B. Orsenigo - Ospedale San Pietro F.B.F.", Rome, Italy
| | - C Arcuri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Lucchese A, Guida A, Capone G, Donnarumma G, Laino L, Petruzzi M, Serpico R, Silvestre F, Gargari M. Proteomic peptide scan of porphyromonas gingivalis fima type ii for searching potential b-cell epitopes. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:83-88. [PMID: 28042435 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.2.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify potential antigenic targets for Porphyromonas gingivalis vaccine development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the Porphyromonas gingivalis, fimA type II primary amino acid sequence and characterized the similarity to the human proteome at the pentapeptide level. RESULTS We found that exact peptide-peptide profiling of the fimbrial antigen versus the human proteome shows that only 19 out of 344 fimA type II pentapeptides are uniquely owned by the bacterial protein. CONCLUSIONS The concept that protein immunogenicity is allocated in rare peptide sequences and the search the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA type II sequence for peptides unique to the bacterial protein and absent in the human host, might be used in new therapeutical approaches as a significant adjunct to current periodontal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - A Guida
- Postgraduate School in Oral Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Capone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - M Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - R Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Departimento de Estomatologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences And Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of dentistry "Fra G.B. Orsenigo - Ospedale San Pietro F.B.F.", Rome, Italy
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TETTAMANTI L, BASSI MANDREASI, TRAPELLA G, CANDOTTO V, TAGLIABUE A. Applications of biomaterials for bone augmentation of jaws: clinical outcomes and in vitro studies. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 10:37-44. [PMID: 28757934 PMCID: PMC5516426 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Partially or totally edentulous jaws frequently undergoes from moderate to severe bone atrophy with problems of prosthetic rehabilitation. The inability to make a prosthetic rehabilitation on implants may led to the use of a partial or total removable denture with difficulties in eating and speech, ulcerations of the oral mucosa and loss of facial vertical dimension. These problems may be solved performing bone augmentation procedures. Bone grafts and distraction osteogenesis brought implant dentistry from an experimental practice to become a consolidate dental procedure. Bone grafts, in particular, are currently a valuable treatment modality for the prosthetic rehabilitation. Numerous biomaterials have been developed for the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous jaws with fixed or removable dentures. The aim of this paper is to describe biomaterials for bone augmentation. Biomaterials are gradually resorbed by the osteoclasts and replaced by new bone formed through osteoblastic activity. Many biomaterials have been studied, but the most common are as follows: Allogro®, Algipore®, Osteobiol®, Peptide-15, Engipore®, Medpore®, Osteoplant®, Calcium sulfate, Perioglass®, Bio-Oss®, Calcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. TETTAMANTI
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - G. TRAPELLA
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. CANDOTTO
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. TAGLIABUE
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Andreasi Bassi M, Andrisani C, Lico S, Ormanier Z, Ottria L, Gargari M. Guided bone regeneration via a preformed titanium foil: clinical, histological and histomorphometric outcome of a case series. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2016; 9:164-174. [PMID: 28042445 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.4.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper was to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric outcome of Preformed Titanium Foil (PTF) to perform Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in posterior mandibular atrophies. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 subjects (1 male; 9 females; mean age 58±11.37 years), with distal mandibular atrophies were selected to perform GBR by means of PTF, using a moldable allograft paste as graft material. The devices, made of a 0,2 mm thick pure titanium foil, were pre-shaped using stereolithographic models obtained from CT-scan of the patients' recipient site. In the second stage, performed at 6.7±2.33 months, 18 cylindrical two-piece implants were placed and the devices removed, at the same time bone biopsies were harvested. At 4 months, the implants were exposed and submitted to progressive prosthetic load for a span of 4 months. The cases were finalized by means of metal-ceramic cementable restorations. The post finalization follow-up was at 12 months. RESULTS Survival rate (i.e. SVR) was 100% since none fixtures were lost. At the one-year follow up the clinical appearance of the soft tissues was optimal and not pathological signs on probing were recorded. The success rate (i.e. SCR) was 88.2% and the average peri-implant bone reabsorption was 1.17±0.41 mm. The average rate of graft contraction was 19.4±10.55%. The mean percentage occupied by mineralized bone was 48.03±5.93%, while the bone marrow and graft material were 36.1±2.81% and 15.87±4.87 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest good potentialities of the method for GBR in distal mandibular atrophies, allowing to maximize the outcome and simplifying the surgical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Lico
- Private practice, Olevano Romano, Rome, Italy
| | - Z Ormanier
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - L Ottria
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, Department of dentistry "Fra G.B. Orsenigo-Ospedale San Pietro F.B.F.", Rome, Italy
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DI Venere D, Gaudio RM, Laforgia A, Stefanachi G, Tafuri S, Pettini F, Silvestre F, Petruzzi M, Corsalini M. Correlation between dento-skeletal characteristics and craniomandibular disorders in growing children and adolescent orthodontic patients: retrospective case-control study. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2016; 9:175-184. [PMID: 28042446 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.4.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to identify, in a group of growing children and adolescents affected by malocclusion, specific dento-skeletal characteristics which could be correlated to the onset, in the above-mentioned subjects, of craniomandibular disorders (CMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Among the patients treated at the Paedodontics and Orthodontics department of Bari Dental School, we recruited a group of patients with malocclusion and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, as an experimental group. We considered as controls those patients who, match-paired to their skeletal class depending on the ANB angle, did not show any CMD sign or symptom. RESULTS Of the 128 examined patients, 15 showed signs and/or symptoms of CMD (11.7%). When compared to 15 patients non-affected by CMD, we could not detect statistically significant differences in both skeletal and occlusal characteristics. It is still interesting to notice how in CMD patients, characteristics of skeletal hyperdivergence are often to be found. CONCLUSIONS The present study seems to confirm that in growing children and adolescents, the presence of signs and/or symptoms of CMD is not associable to a specific vertical skeletal growth pattern or to other specific occlusal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D DI Venere
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - R M Gaudio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Laforgia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Stefanachi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Pettini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Departimento de Estomatologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Corsalini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Lombardo L, Carinci F, Martini M, Gemmati D, Nardone M, Siciliani G. Quantitive evaluation of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) using microbeads - a potential early marker of root resorption. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2016; 9:132-142. [PMID: 28042441 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.3.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study had the aim of comparing two different methods of analysing dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF): the conventional eLISA approach and a new method involving the use of magnetic micro-beads coated with an antibody specific for DSP prior to eLISA analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF was taken from six patients following twelve weeks of orthodontic treatment using paper strips inserted into the mesial and distal sulci of the upper incisors, and analysed using both methods. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the results using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test showed that the micro-bead approach conferred more reliability and less variability on the conventional eLISA approach. Furthermore, this method, for the first time, enables the quantification of the DSP in the sample in ng/μl. CONCLUSIONS The innovative micro-bead/eLISA approach proposed provides a reliable means of quantifying the DSP in the GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lombardo
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Martini
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Gemmati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - G Siciliani
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lucchese A, Dolci A, Minervini G, Salerno C, DI Stasio D, Minervini G, Laino L, Silvestre F, Serpico R. Vulvovaginal gingival lichen planus: report of two cases and review of literature. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2016; 9:54-60. [PMID: 28042431 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.2.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of skin and mucous membranes. Approximately 20% of women with oral lichen planus develops lesions in the genital mucosa. In 1982, Pelisse described a special form of lichen planus (LP), which consists of a triad of symptoms: vulval, vaginal and gingival (VVG)-LP lesions. Aim of the present report is to report two new cases and review the international literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two cases of VVG-LP are reported and a review of recent literature is performed. RESULTS The onset of erosive or ulcerative mouth lesions may precede or follow by months or even years the onset of vulvovaginal lesions. Vaginal agglutination is associated with the postmenopausal state in conjunction with a dermatologic condition. Intra-lesional corticosteroids have a role in localized chronic ulceration, while systemic therapies such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine, ciclosporin, methotrexate, retinoids, thalidomide and photo chemotherapy have been used in more severe cases with varying success. CONCLUSIONS VVG-LP is rather a rare condition and has been documented in the literature mainly in the form of case reports. Lack of a precise diagnostic criteria of VVG-LP depends on the specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Dolci
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - G Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C Salerno
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D DI Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Departimento de Estomatologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Ottaviani G, Gobbo M, Rupel K, D'Ambros M, Perinetti G, Di Lenarda R, Martinelli V, Bussani R, Tirelli G, Lodi G, Zacchigna S, Biasotto M. The diagnostic performance parameters of Narrow Band Imaging: A preclinical and clinical study. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:130-6. [PMID: 27531884 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The oral carcinoma is a widespread pathology and still presents poor prognosis. Among the available procedures for its early detection, Narrow Band Imaging technique allows to assess potential vascular network abnormalities. The reliability of this technique in the detection of dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions was evaluated in a preclinical and clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the preclinical study, a chemical oral carcinogen was administered to 50 mice to induct both dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions. In the clinical study 91 patients, bearing suspicious premalignant and malignant oral lesions, have been included. Images of animals' and patients' lesions were acquired under white and Narrow Band Imaging light prior to biopsy. Two expert raters examined the images and classified lesions, which were eventually compared to the histological diagnosis. The diagnostic performance included sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, percentages and degree of agreement between raters' evaluation and the histological report. RESULTS In the preclinical study sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 1, specificity from 0.85 to 0.99, positive likelihood ratio from 6.54 to 65.04, positive predictive values from 0.32 to 0.96, negative predictive values from 0.91 to 1 and accuracy from 0.86 to 0.98. In the clinical study sensitivity ranged from 0.63 to 0.99, specificity from 0.89 to 1, positive likelihood ratio from 8.45 to 61.47, positive predictive values from 0.59 to 0.96, negative predictive values from 0.78 to 1 and accuracy from 0.82 to 0.99. CONCLUSION Narrow Band Imaging is an accurate technique, which holds a great potential for tumour angiogenesis evaluation and for the subsequent early detection of suspicious premalignant and malignant oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ottaviani
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katia Rupel
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta D'Ambros
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perinetti
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; UCO Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Ambulatorio di Patologia e Medicina Orale, Clinica Odontoiatrica e Stomatologica, Ospedale Maggiore, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a comparative study with aero-digestive lesions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29943. [PMID: 27416981 PMCID: PMC4945954 DOI: 10.1038/srep29943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, various studies had investigated the accuracy of autofluorescence in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with diverse conclusions. This study aimed to assess its accuracy for OSCC and OPMD and to investigate its applicability in general dental practice. After a comprehensive literature search, a meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled diagnostic indexes of autofluorescence for premalignant lesions (PML) and malignant lesions (ML) of the oral cavity, lung, esophagus, stomach and colorectum and to compute indexes regarding the detection of OSCC aided by algorithms. Besides, a u test was performed. Twenty-four studies detecting OSCC and OPMD in 2761 lesions were included. This demonstrated that the overall accuracy of autofluorescence for OSCC and OPMD was superior to PML and ML of the lung, esophagus and stomach, slightly inferior to the colorectum. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity for OSCC and OPMD were 0.89 and 0.8, respectively. Furthermore, the specificity could be remarkably improved by additional algorithms. With relatively high accuracy, autofluorescence could be potentially applied as an adjunct for early diagnosis of OSCC and OPMD. Moreover, approaches such as algorithms could enhance its specificity to ensure its efficacy in primary care.
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Giovannacci I, Vescovi P, Manfredi M, Meleti M. Non-invasive visual tools for diagnosis of oral cancer and dysplasia: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e305-15. [PMID: 26946204 PMCID: PMC4867203 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold standard for the diagnosis of oral dysplasia (OD) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and malignant lesions is the histological examination.
Several adjunctive diagnostic techniques have been proposed in order to increase the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of conventional oral examination and to improve the diagnostic first level accuracy.
The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review on non-invasive tools for diagnosis of OD and early OSCC. Material and Methods Medline, Scopus, Web of Knowledge databases were searched, using as entry terms “oral dysplasia AND diagnosis” / ”oral cancer AND diagnosis”. Data extracted from each study included number of lesions evaluated, histopathological diagnosis, SE, SP, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), diagnostic accuracy (DA) and the main conclusions. Results After title and abstract scanning of 11.080 records, we selected 35 articles for full text evaluation. Most evaluated tools were autofluorescence (AF), chemiluminescence (CL), toluidine blu (TL) and chemiluminescence associated with toluidine blue (CLTB). Conclusions There is a great inhomogeneity of the reported values and there is no significant evidence of superiority of one tool over the other. Further clinical trials with a higher level of evidence are necessary in order to assess the real usefulness visual diagnostic tools. Key words:Oral dysplasia, oral cancer, diagnosis, visual diagnostic tool, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giovannacci
- Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Medicine, Dental School. Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Via Gramsci, 14 - 43125 Parma, Italy
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Response to: WhatsApp: a telemedicine platform for facilitating remote oral medicine consultation and improving clinical examinations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 121:573-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Laronde DM, Corbett KK. Adjunctive screening devices for oral lesions: their use by Canadian Dental Hygienists and the need for knowledge translation. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 15:187-194. [PMID: 26694690 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening for oral cancer and other mucosal conditions is a knowledge-to-action objective that should be easy: there is supportive evidence, it is fast and non-invasive, and the oral cavity is easy to visualize. However, over 60% of oral cancers are diagnosed late, when treatment is complex and prognosis poor. Adjunctive screening devices (ASDs), e.g. toluidine blue (TB), fluorescence visualization (FV), chemiluminescence (CL) and brush biopsies, were designed to assess risk of oral lesions or aid in identification and localization of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Little is known on how clinicians feel about using ASDs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate use and level of comfort in using ASDs for oral cancer screening among dental hygienists. METHODS Online email survey of a stratified random sample of nearly 3000 dental hygienists from four Canadian provinces. RESULTS A total of 369 hygienists responded about ASDs. Ninety-three (25%) had used an ASD. Use was associated with six or more continuing education (CE) courses per year (P = 0.030), having a CE course in oral pathology within the last 3 years (P = 0.003) and having a screening protocol (P = 0.008). The most commonly used ASD is FV, which was the tool hygienists felt most comfortable using. Few used brush biopsies. Older graduates were more comfortable using TB (P = 0.014) and CL (0.033). CONCLUSION Current evidence and education through CE appears to bolster knowledge translation efforts for hygienists to become more comfortable in the use of ASDs. ASDs with minimal supporting evidence and not specifically targeted to hygienists, such as the brush biopsies, are not well utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Laronde
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K K Corbett
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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