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Vigh-Larsen JF, Junge N, Cialdella-Kam L, Tomás R, Young L, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. Testing in Intermittent Sports-Importance for Training and Performance Optimization in Adult Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1505-1537. [PMID: 39004796 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete-also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes' maximal exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicklas Junge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lynn Cialdella-Kam
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Rita Tomás
- Portugal Football School, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol Avenida das Seleções, Oeiras, PORTUGAL
| | - Laura Young
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Shen S, Teng J, Fekete G, Mei Q, Zhao J, Yang F, Gu Y. Influence of Torsional Stiffness in Badminton Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:196-208. [PMID: 38455438 PMCID: PMC10915609 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Torsional stiffness of athletic footwear plays a crucial role in preventing injury and improving sports performance. Yet, there is a lack of research focused on the biomechanical effect of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the influence of three different levels of torsional stiffness in badminton shoes on biomechanical characteristics, sports performance, and injury risk in badminton players. Fifteen male players, aged 22.8 ± 1.96 years, participated in the study, performing badminton-specific tasks, including forehand clear stroke [left foot (FCL) and right foot (FCR)], 45-degree sidestep cutting (45C), and consecutive vertical jumps (CVJ). The tasks were conducted wearing badminton shoes of torsional stiffness measured with Shore D hardness 50, 60, and 70 (referred to as 50D, 60D, and 70D, respectively). The primary biomechanical parameters included ankle, knee, and MTP joint kinematics, ankle and knee joint moments, peak ground reaction forces, joint range of motion (ROM), and stance time. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed for normally distributed data and Friedman tests for non-normally distributed data. The 70D shoe exhibited the highest ankle dorsiflexion and lowest ankle inversion peak angles during 45C task. The 60D shoe showed significantly lower knee abduction angle and coronal motions compared to the 50D and 70D shoes. Increased torsional stiffness reduced stance time in the FCR task. No significant differences were observed in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral ground reaction forces (GRF). However, the 70D shoe demonstrated higher vertical GRF than the 50D shoe while performing the FCR task, particularly during 70% - 75% of stance. Findings from this study revealed the significant role of torsional stiffness in reducing injury risk and optimizing performance during badminton tasks, indicating that shoes with an intermediate level of stiffness (60D) could provide a beneficial balance between flexibility and stability. These findings may provide practical references in guiding future badminton shoe research and development. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects of altering stiffness, considering factors such as athletic levels and foot morphology, to understand of the influence of torsional stiffness on motion biomechanics and injury prevalence in badminton-specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Jin Teng
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jia Zhao
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Li Ning Sport Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
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Sánchez-Pay A, Pino-Ortega J, Sanz-Rivas D. Influence of Successive Wheelchair Tennis Matches on Handgrip Strength in High-Level Male Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4842. [PMID: 36981750 PMCID: PMC10048815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on upper strength in high-level male players playing four successive wheelchair tennis (WT) matches. Eight international WT players took part in a competition, playing one match per day over four consecutive tournament days. Before and after the match, the maximal isometric handgrip strength was measured on the dominant and non-dominant hand. Additionally, each player was equipped with one radiofrequency and IMU device on their wheelchair to control his activity profile (distance). The results showed significant differences between successive matches, with decreasing dominant handgrip strength (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.043), and there was a significant interaction between successive matches and the accumulated distance (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.049). The pre- and post-match strength values of the dominant hand decreased throughout the matches over a number of days, and post hoc analysis showed differences between the first and fourth matches only in pre-match strength (49.06 ± 6.96 vs. 45.94 ± 7.1; p = 0.045; ES: 1.04) but not in the non-dominant hand. Successive matches caused a decrease in the strength values of the WT players, mainly in the dominant hand. These results should be taken into account in the recovery and prevention of injuries in competitions with successive matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
| | - David Sanz-Rivas
- Tennis Research Group, Department of Methodology and Professional Specialization in MEDAC, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
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Genotype Distribution of the ACTN3 p.R577X Polymorphism in Elite Badminton Players: A Preliminary Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010050. [PMID: 36672791 PMCID: PMC9858904 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Actinin-3 is a protein with a structural role at the sarcomeric Z-line in skeletal muscle. As it is only present in fast-type muscle fibers, α-actinin-3 is considered a key mechanical component to produce high-intensity muscle contractions and to withstand external tension applied to the skeletal muscle. α-Actinin-3 is encoded by the gene ACTN3, which has a single-nucleotide polymorphism (p.R577X; rs1815739) that affects the expression of α-actinin-3 due to the presence of a stop codon. Individuals homozygous for the 577R allele (i.e., RR genotype) and RX heterozygotes express functional α-actinin-3, while those homozygous for the 577X (i.e., XX genotype) express a non-functional protein. There is ample evidence to support the associations between the ACTN3 genotype and athletic performance, with higher frequencies of the 577R allele in elite and professional sprint and power athletes than in control populations. This suggests a beneficial influence of possessing functional α-actinin-3 to become an elite athlete in power-based disciplines. However, no previous investigation has determined the frequency of the ACTN3 genotypes in elite badminton players, despite this sport being characterized by high-intensity actions of intermittent nature such as changes of direction, accelerations, jumps and smashes. The purpose of this study was to analyze ACTN3 R577X genotype frequencies in professional badminton players to establish whether this polymorphism is associated with elite athlete status. A total of 53 European Caucasian professional badminton players competing in the 2018 European Badminton Championships volunteered to participate in the study. Thirty-one were men (26.2 ± 4.4 years) and twenty-two were women (23.4 ± 4.5 years). Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the differences in the distribution of ACTN3 genotypes (RR, RX and XX) between categories and sexes. The ACTN3 RR genotype was the most frequent in the sample of professional badminton players (RR = 49.1%, RX = 22.6% and XX = 28.3%). None of the badminton players ranked in the world's top ten possessed the XX genotype (RX = 60%, RR = 40%). The distribution of the ACTN3 genotypes was similar between male and female professional badminton players (men: RR = 45.2%, RX = 25.8% and XX = 29.0%; women: RR = 54.5%, RX = 18.2% and XX = 27.3%; χ2 = 0.58; p = 0.750). The distribution of the ACTN3 genotypes in badminton players was different from the 1000 genome database for the European population (χ2 = 15.5; p < 0.001), with an overrepresentation of the RR genotype (p < 0.05) and an underrepresentation of the RX genotype (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the expression of functional α-actinin-3, associated with RR and RX genotypes in the ACTN3 gene may confer an advantage for reaching the status of elite athlete in badminton, and especially the world's top-ten ranking. Large-scale studies with different ethnic backgrounds are needed to confirm the association of the R allele of ACTN3 with badminton performance.
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Analysis of Winning Experience and Technical Training Effect of Badminton Match Based on BP Neural Network. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5295881. [PMID: 35237393 PMCID: PMC8885290 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5295881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The success or failure of badminton competition often depends on the training level of technical, physical, tactical, and psychological quality, as well as the competitive ability to comprehensively use these factors in the competition. Aiming at the improvement of the BP neural network algorithm, the improved BP neural network algorithm is used to analyze the multidimensional attributes of the collected data, and the simulation experiment is carried out to find out our competitive advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a statistical study on the change of service area, the application of service receiving technology, and the treatment of the third stroke technology in the badminton competition. The innovative contribution of this paper is to explore the differences of double service decision-making of badminton at different levels and form a theoretical mechanism analysis system. The research shows that the relationship between active and passive attack and hitting quality has been dealt with in the game. In training, mastering the basic technical movements of badminton is conducive to improving the technical level of badminton.
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Chua MT, Chow KM, Lum D, Tay AWH, Goh WX, Ihsan M, Aziz AR. Effectiveness of On-Court Resistive Warm-Ups on Change of Direction Speed and Smash Velocity during a Simulated Badminton Match Play in Well-Trained Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6040081. [PMID: 34698234 PMCID: PMC8544594 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In badminton, power production can be enhanced through the fundamental practice of a dynamic warm-up with resistance conditioning activity to induce a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect. The use of heavy resistance exercise in the form of heavy weights to induce PAPE during competition is not logistically practical in the badminton arena. Thus, there is a need to investigate the use of easily available alternative preconditioning stimuli to induce a similar potentiating effect in badminton-specific performance. This study adopted a repeated-measures design of three warm-up conditions: control (CON), weighted wearable resistance (WWR), and resistance band variable resistance (BVR). Fourteen badminton players from the national training squad (11 males, 3 females, age 18 ± 1 y) completed the experimental sessions in random order. Change of direction speed (CODS) and smash velocity (SV) tests were performed at five timepoints-baseline test after the warm-up and at the end of each of the four exercise blocks of a simulated match play protocol. CODS was significantly faster under the two resistance warm-up conditions (WWR and BVR) compared to the CON condition at baseline (-0.2 s ± 0.39 and -0.2 s ± 0.46, p = 0.001 and 0.03, g = 0.47 and 0.40, respectively), but there were no differences at the other timepoints (all p > 0.05). SV was significantly faster for all the four exercise blocks than at baseline under all three warm-up conditions (p = 0.02), but there were no differences in SV between the three warm-up conditions across all the five measured timepoints (p = 0.15). In conclusion, implementing resistance (~10% body weight) in sport-specific plyometric exercises using WWR or BVR during warm-up routines may induce PAPE effects on the change of direction speed but not smash velocity, in well-trained badminton players, as compared with the same warm-up exercises using bodyweight (i.e., CON condition). The positive effects of CODS were, however, observed only at the start of the match and possibly lasted for up to between 5 and 10 min of match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tong Chua
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kin Ming Chow
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Danny Lum
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Andrew Wei Han Tay
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Wan Xiu Goh
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-9863-7282
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Gender Differences in Neuromuscular, Haematological and Urinary Responses during Padel Matches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115864. [PMID: 34072562 PMCID: PMC8198594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on the acute physiological response to a padel match is limited. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate neuromuscular, urinary, and hematological responses after simulated padel competition (SC) and (b) analyze possible gender differences. In this study, 28 high-level padel players participated (men = 13, age = 26.83 ± 6.57 years; women = 15, age = 30.07 ± 4.36 years). The following parameters were analyzed before and after SC: neuromuscular (hand grip strength, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov jump (ABK)), hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), and urinary (pH, specific gravity, microalbuminuria, and red blood cells). Significant gender differences were found in neuromuscular and hematological responses, with men obtaining higher values (p < 0.05). For the SC influence, changes were noted in ABK and microalbuminuria (p < 0.05). The percentages of change in hand grip strength, SJ (height and watts), CMJ (height), and ABK (height) were higher for men than women (p < 0.05). SC negatively influenced the neuromuscular parameters to a greater extent in women. Our results could be related to gender differences in game actions, the temporal structure, and anthropometric and physiological characteristics. Game dynamics and a different organic response between male and female padel playing were confirmed.
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Acute Effects of 2 Consecutive Simulated Badminton Matches on the Shoulder Range of Motion and Isometric Strength of Elite Youth Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1447-1453. [PMID: 33691283 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the influence of playing 2 consecutive prolonged badminton matches on the shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) of young players. METHODS Sixteen elite junior badminton players (12 males and 4 females; mean (SD): age 16.2 [0.8] years, body mass 63.5 [6.6] kg, height 173.2 [6.3] cm) participated in a cross-sectional study. Shoulder internal (IR)/external rotation (ER) ROM and IR/ER strength measures were conducted before and after 2 consecutive prolonged (ie, 35 min) matches and 12 hours after the second match. RESULTS After consecutive matches, IR strength of the dominant side and ER strength of the dominant and nondominant sides (effect size [ES] = 0.20-0.57) were reduced. Shoulder total ROM of the dominant side was decreased (ES = 0.80), while on the nondominant side, IR (ES = 0.66) was also decreased. After 12 hours, results showed decreased values in the IR/ER strength of the dominant side (ES = 0.36-1.00), as well as ER of both dominant and nondominant sides (ES = 0.30-0.59). IR ROM of the nondominant side (ES = 0.69) was also decreased. CONCLUSION Present results showed that 2 consecutive matches on the same day with brief rest periods led to significant impairments in shoulder strength and ROM levels. These data can potentially elucidate the need for shoulder-specific training and recovery strategies prior to or during competitions.
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Effects of Ramadan fasting on match-related changes in skill performance in elite Muslim badminton players. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Fernández-Fernández J, García-López J, García-Tormo V, Cabello-Manrique D, Pino-Ortega J. Identification of games and sex-related activity profile in junior international badminton. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1745045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro De Investigación Y Diagnóstico En Salud Y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias Del Movimiento Humano Y Calidad De Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Research Group on Advances in Sport Training and Physical Conditioning, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Sport Science Faculty. University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jaime Fernández-Fernández
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - Juan García-López
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - Vicente García-Tormo
- Human Movement and Sport Performance Research Group (AMRED). Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad De León, Spain
| | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sport. Sport Science Faculty. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”. Sport Science Faculty, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
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The influence of a badminton competition with two matches in a day on muscle damage and physical performance in elite junior badminton players. Biol Sport 2020; 37:195-201. [PMID: 32508387 PMCID: PMC7249798 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.94243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of a badminton competition with 2 matches in a day on hip strength and range of motion (ROM) and exercise-induced muscle damage in elite junior badminton players. Twenty players (age: 17±0.8 years; body mass: 62.9±6.5 kg, height: 173.8±8.9 cm) participated in this study. Passive hip internal (IR) and external rotation (ER), abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) hip ROM, isometric hip ADD and ABD muscle strength, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height and blood creatine kinase concentration (CK) were measured before and after a badminton competition during an international tournament. Blood samples were collected 24 h after the end of the last match. Compared to baseline values, hip IR and ER ROM were significantly decreased at post-competition in the dominant (IR=-9.0%; p=0.007 and ER=-15.2%; p=0.002) and non-dominant limbs (IR=-9.08%; p=0.004 and ER=-19.4%; p<0.001). In contrast, hip ADD (13.5%; p<0.001) and ABD (14.6%; p<0.001) strength increased significantly after the competition in the dominant limb and ABD strength increased significantly in the non-dominant limb (9.2%; p=0.001). From baseline values, CK increased after the competition (430.1%) and values remained elevated over baseline values 24 h later (160.4%). Although hip muscle strength increased, a badminton competition with two consecutive matches reduced hip ROM and increased blood CK concentration. This study suggests the necessity of investigating recovery strategies after a badminton competition to return hip ROM to basal values before the next day of the competition.
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Le Mansec Y, Perez J, Rouault Q, Doron J, Jubeau M. Impaired Performance of the Smash Stroke in Badminton Induced by Muscle Fatigue. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:52-59. [PMID: 30958057 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of muscle fatigue on badminton performance during a smash stroke. METHODS In total, 17 young, well-trained players completed 20 forehand smashes twice (prefatigue and postfatigue protocol), and both speed and precision of the strokes were measured. The fatigue protocol consisted of 10 series of 10 maximal countermovement jumps (3-s rest in between) followed by 8 lunges. Perception of effort and countermovement-jump performance during each series were also measured to assess fatigue. RESULTS Shuttlecock speed decreased moderately (-3.3%) but significantly after the fatigue protocol (P < .001, ηp2=.671). Precision significantly decreased after the fatigue protocol (-10.3%, P = .001, ηp2=.473). The decrease in precision was mainly due to an increased number of faults (P = .006, ηp2=.378, dz = 0.756) and to a decrease in accuracy (P = .066, ηp2=.195, dz = 0.478). CONCLUSION The present study showed that fatigue impairs performance during specific badminton skills. Moreover, by showing a slight decrease in speed and a large decrease in accuracy of the shuttlecock when fatigue is experienced, the present study suggested that, as previously observed in other racket sports, the speed of the missile appears to be the key factor used by the players to win the rally. Coaches and physical trainers should therefore develop interventions aiming to limit the negative impact of fatigue on badminton strokes.
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Chia JS, Chow JY, Barrett LA, Burns SF. Reliability of a Novel Badminton Intermittent Exercise Protocol. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:487-496. [PMID: 31184986 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1620911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Badminton is a sport characterized by high-intensity activity interspersed with short rests requiring specific physiological fitness, skills and game tactics. This study aimed to develop, describe and establish the reliability of a novel badminton intermittent exercise protocol, to simulate singles match-play (Part A) and assess match-fitness (Part B). Method: Twelve well-trained male badminton players performed a two-part protocol, mimicking the demands and activity of match-play, on two occasions with at least 72-h recovery. Part A imitated match-play and consisted of 40 stages alternating between 20 s work - receiving shuttlecocks from a launcher and ghosting (simulated) actions - and 40 s rest. Part B was an open-ended period, challenging match-fitness, designed to exhaust participants within 10 min. Physiological responses (heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion) (Part A and B) and time to exhaustion (Part B) were determined both times. Results: There were no differences in performance and physiological responses between trials (p > .05). The protocol demonstrated excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.89) for all variables. Time to exhaustion (Part B) was 198 ± 98 s and 194 ± 82 s, respectively. Mean (Part A) and peak (Part B) heart rates were 166 ± 9; 191 ± 8 b∙min-1 and 166 ± 9; 191 ± 7 b∙min-1 and blood lactate concentrations (Part B) 11.8 ± 2.3 and 11.5 ± 2.1 mmol∙l-1 for trials 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: The protocol reliably induces match-like responses and can be used to assess match-fitness for training/research purposes.
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Girard O, Behan FP, Cabello-Manrique D, Fernandez-Fernandez J. Badminton preferentially decreases explosive over maximal voluntary torque in both the plantar flexors and extensors. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Girard
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science; Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory; Murdoch University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | | | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sports; Faculty of Sports Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports; Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences; Universidad de León; Leon Spain
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Fernandez-Fernandez J, Lopez-Valenciano A, Del Coso J, Gallo-Salazar C, Barbado D, Sabido-Solana R, Ruiz-Perez I, Moreno-Perez V, Dominguez-Diez M, Cabello-Manrique D. The effects of playing two consecutive matches in the shoulder rotational profiles of elite youth badminton players. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 35:56-62. [PMID: 30469015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of playing two badminton matches on the same day on the shoulder profile (i.e., range of motion (ROM) and strength) of young badminton players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Indoor sports facility. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one elite junior badminton players (age 16.6 ± 1.0 years, body mass 63.9 ± 6.1 kg, height 174.8 ± 6.1 cm), including 19 boys and 12 girls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Shoulder passive internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM as well as shoulder IR/ER maximal isometric strength were measured before and after a competition including two competitive matches. RESULTS Significant decreases (p < 0.05) were found in the shoulder ROM (i.e., dominant and non-dominant ER ROMs as well as in the dominant and non-dominant total arc of motion [TAM]) in boys, while in girls, significant increases (p < 0.05) were found in the non-dominant ER absolute strength, with significant decreases were found in the non-dominant ER ROM and the non-dominant TAM. CONCLUSION Playing two badminton matches on the same day led to gender-specific changes on the shoulder profile (i.e., ROM and strength) of young elite badminton players, with more impact on the shoulder profile of boys compared to girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Barbado
- Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Iñaki Ruiz-Perez
- Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-Perez
- Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Physical Education & Sport Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Granada, Spain
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Lam WK, Lee KK, Park SK, Ryue J, Yoon SH, Ryu J. Understanding the impact loading characteristics of a badminton lunge among badminton players. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205800. [PMID: 30312359 PMCID: PMC6185854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid and repetitive badminton lunges would produce strenuous impact loading on the lower extremities of players and these loading are thought to be the contributing factors of chronic knee injuries. This study examined the impact loading characteristics in various groups of badminton athletes performing extreme lunges. Methods Fifty-two participants classified into male skilled, female skilled, male unskilled, and female unskilled groups performed badminton lunge with their maximum-effort. Shoe-ground kinematics, ground reaction forces, and knee moments were measured by using synchronised force platform and motion analysis system. A 2 (gender) x 2 (skill-level) factorial ANOVA was performed to determine the effects of different gender and different playing levels, as well as the interaction of two factors on all variables. Results Male athletes had faster approaching speed (male 3.87 and female 1.08 m/s), longer maximum lunge distance (male 1.47 and female 1.16 m), larger maximum (male 215.7 and female 121.65 BW/s) and mean loading rate (male 178.43 and female 81.77 BW/s) and larger peak knee flexion moment (male 0.75 and female 0.69) compared with female athletes (P < 0.001). Unskilled athletes exhibited smaller footstrike angle (skilled 45.78 and unskilled 32.35°), longer contact time (skilled 0.69 and unskilled 0.75 s), larger peak horizontal GRF (skilled 1.61 and unskilled 2.40 BW), smaller mean loading rate (skilled 150.15 and unskilled 110.05 BW/s) and larger peak knee flexion moment (P < .05; skilled 0.69 and unskilled 0.75 Nm/BW) than the skilled athletes. In addition, the interaction indicated greater peak GRF impact in female unskilled athletes compared with female skilled athletes (P < 0.001; female skilled 2.01 and female unskilled 2.95 BW), while there was no difference between male participants (P > 0.05; male skilled 2.19 and male unskilled 2.49 BW). Conclusions These data suggested that male athletes and/or unskilled athletes experience greater impact loading rates and peak knee flexion moment during lunge compared with female and skilled athletes, respectively. This may expose them to higher risk of overuse injuries. Furthermore, female unskilled athletes seemed to be more vulnerable to lower extremity injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sports Institute, Shenyang, China
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ki-Kwang Lee
- Biomechanics & Sport Engineering Laboratory, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyoon Park
- Motion Innovation Centre, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaejin Ryue
- Biomechanics & Sport Engineering Laboratory, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Hoon Yoon
- Motion Innovation Centre, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiseon Ryu
- Motion Innovation Centre, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Abián-Vicén J, Sánchez L, Abián P. Performance structure analysis of the men’s and women’s badminton doubles matches in the Olympic Games from 2008 to 2016 during playoffs stage. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1502975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abián-Vicén
- Badminton Federation of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Lorena Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Badminton Federation of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain
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18
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The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med 2015; 45:473-95. [PMID: 25549780 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Badminton is a racket sport for two or four people, with a temporal structure characterized by actions of short duration and high intensity. This sport has five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, each requiring specific preparation in terms of technique, control and physical fitness. Badminton is one of the most popular sports in the world, with 200 million adherents. The decision to include badminton in the 1992 Olympics Game increased participation in the game. This review focuses on the game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual attributes and biomechanics of badminton. Players are generally tall and lean, with an ectomesomorphic body type suited to the high physiological demands of a match. Indeed, a typical match characteristic is a rally time of 7 s and a resting time of 15 s, with an effective playing time of 31%. This sport is highly demanding, with an average heart rate (HR) of over 90% of the player's maximal HR. The intermittent actions during a game are demanding on both the aerobic and anaerobic systems: 60-70% on the aerobic system and approximately 30% on the anaerobic system, with greater demand on the alactic metabolism with respect to the lactic anaerobic metabolism. The shuttlecock has an atypical trajectory, and the players perform specific movements such as lunging and jumping, and powerful strokes using a specific pattern of movement. Lastly, badminton players are visually fit, picking up accurate visual information in a short time. Knowledge of badminton can help to improve coaching and badminton skills.
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Characteristics of Plantar Loads in Maximum Forward Lunge Tasks in Badminton. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137558. [PMID: 26367741 PMCID: PMC4569361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Badminton players often perform powerful and long-distance lunges during such competitive matches. The objective of this study is to compare the plantar loads of three one-step maximum forward lunges in badminton. Methods Fifteen right-handed male badminton players participated in the study. Each participant performed five successful maximum lunges at three directions. For each direction, the participant wore three different shoe brands. Plantar loading, including peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area, was measured by using an insole pressure measurement system. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to determine the effects of the different lunge directions and different shoes, as well as the interaction of these two variables, on the measurements. Results The maximum force (MF) on the lateral midfoot was lower when performing left-forward lunges than when performing front-forward lunges (p = 0.006, 95% CI = −2.88 to −0.04%BW). The MF and peak pressures (PP) on the great toe region were lower for the front-forward lunge than for the right-forward lunge (MF, p = 0.047, 95% CI = −3.62 to −0.02%BW; PP, p = 0.048, 95% CI = −37.63 to −0.16 KPa) and left-forward lunge (MF, p = 0.015, 95% CI = −4.39 to −0.38%BW; PP, p = 0.008, 95% CI = −47.76 to −5.91 KPa). Conclusions These findings indicate that compared with the front-forward lunge, left and right maximum forward lunges induce greater plantar loads on the great toe region of the dominant leg of badminton players. The differences in the plantar loads of the different lunge directions may be potential risks for injuries to the lower extremities of badminton players.
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