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Rossi PAQ, Gomes R, Nascimento Salazar TCD, Lustosa Barros EM, Vasconcelos S, da Silva AS, Pereira EM, Melo VB, Fonseca MHG, Teixeira CR, Furtado GP, Pontes LQ, Khouri R, Vasconcelos B, Almeida SSD, Werneck GL, Rossi FE, Santos MAPD. Physical Activity at Different Life Stages and Its Consequence on the Initial Immunization and Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:717-725. [PMID: 38663845 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS A positive and significant association was observed only between PA practice during adolescence and an increase in antibody production in adulthood (β = 2012.077, 95% confidence interval, 257.7953-3766.358, P = .025). Individuals who practiced PA during adolescence showed higher production of antibodies between the first and second vaccine dose compared to nonpractitioners (P = .025) and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and presented higher antibody production in relation to who did <150 minutes per week of MVPA (P = .046). Individuals that were practitioners during childhood produced higher G-CSF (P = .047), and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current MVPA demonstrated lower IP-10 levels (P = .033). However, PA practitioners during adolescence presented higher G-CSF (P = .025), IL-17 (P = .038), IL-1RA (P = .005), IL-1β (P = .020), and IL-2 (P = .026) levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adults that accumulated at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week or practiced PA during adolescence developed an improved immune and inflammatory response against COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Almeida Queiroz Rossi
- Postgraduation Student in Science and Health, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Regis Gomes
- Biotecnologia, Escritório Técnico da Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio, CE, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina do Nascimento Salazar
- Postgraduation Student in Science and Health, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda Maria Lustosa Barros
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vitoria Braga Melo
- Unidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico de Covid-19 (UNADIG), Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador,BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vasconcelos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador,BA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Department of Obstetrician, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo,SP, Brazil
- Faculdade Anhanguera de Guarulhos, Guarulhos,SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Department of Physical Education, Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Science and Health, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Movement Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Pereira Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Tan L, Yan W, Zhang B, Zhao Z, Lipowski M, Ossowski Z. Comparative efficacy of different exercise types on inflammatory markers in women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:458-465. [PMID: 38584010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance exercise, and high-intensity interval training on inflammatory marker levels in women with overweight and obesity by using network meta-analysis. DESIGN Systematic review with network meta-analysis and Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation of the evidence. METHODS Literature as of April 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, and English-language randomized controlled trials that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. RESULTS A total of 75 articles and 4048 participants were included. Resistance training was the most recommended type of exercise to decrease C-reactive protein levels (surface under cumulative ranking = 90.1; standardized mean difference = -0.79, 95 % confidence interval: -1.17, -0.42); aerobic exercise was the most effective exercise type to reduce tumor necrosis factor-α levels (surface under cumulative ranking = 87.9; standardized mean difference = -0.79, 95 % confidence interval: -1.19, -0.39); combined aerobic and resistance exercise was the most effective type of exercise to reduce interleukin-6 levels (surface under cumulative ranking = 75.8; standardized mean difference = -0.77, 95 % confidence interval: -1.38, -0.16) and leptin levels (surface under cumulative ranking = 77.1; standardized mean difference = -0.96, 95 % confidence interval: -1.72, -0.20), and high-intensity interval training was the type of exercise that was well suited to increase adiponectin levels (surface under cumulative ranking = 87.2; standardized mean difference = 0.99, 95 % confidence interval: 0.27, 1.71). CONCLUSIONS This network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials confirmed that different exercise types have different efficacies on inflammation indicators among women with overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for women struggling with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland; Changsha College of Commerce and Tourism, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, China.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Ossowski
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland.
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Xue J, Han X, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Kong L. Effectiveness of resistance training in modulating inflammatory biomarkers among Asian patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385902. [PMID: 38863698 PMCID: PMC11165069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Given the high incidence of sarcopenia among Asians, it is imperative to identify appropriate intervention methods. The International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia, developed by the International Conference on Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ICFSR) task force, recommends resistance training (RT) as a primary treatment for managing sarcopenia. Inflammatory biomarkers serve as indicators of sarcopenia. However, there is currently insufficient conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of RT in modulating inflammatory biomarker levels among Asian participants with sarcopenia. Data sources Four databases were utilized for this study until October 9, 2023. This study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of RT on interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) about sarcopenia. This study has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024501855). Results The meta-analysis included six studies from Asians involving 278 participants. The results showed a significant decrease in RT for IL-6 (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.02 to -0.44; n=5). However, no significant differences were found for TNF-α (WMD = -1.00, 95% CI = -2.47 to 0.46; n=5), CRP (WMD = -0.45, 95% CI = -1.14 to 0.23; n=3), and IL-10 (WMD = 0.13, 95% CI = -3.99 to 4.25; n=2). Subgroup analysis revealed that factors including gender selection, intervention methods, frequency, period, and duration could have a particular effect on the part of inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion RT has been shown to reduce part of the level of inflammatory markers, specifically IL-6, in Asian sarcopenia participants. However, other inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, CRP, and IL-10, did not show significant changes. Further research should confirm the impact of RT on these indicators and explore the potential effects of various factors on different inflammatory markers, such as diet, body composition, and medications. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=501855, identifier CRD42024501855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xue
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Han
- Sports Business School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ye Y, Wan M, Lin H, Xia R, He J, Qiu P, Zheng G. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive frailty, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385542. [PMID: 38846613 PMCID: PMC11153822 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis process of cognitive frailty (CF). Regular Baduanjin exercise could improve cognitive frailty in older adults, but it is unclear whether the effect of Baduanjin exercise on improving CF is mediated by modulating circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory process. Method A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults with CF were recruited and randomly allocated into a 24-week Baduanjin exercise training group or no specific exercise intervention control group at an equal rate. Cognitive function and physical frailty index were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), as well as the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline and after intervention. Result After 24 weeks of intervention, the increased MoCA score (2.51 ± 0.32 points, p < 0.001) and the decreased EFS scores (1.94 ± 0.20 points, p = 0.012) in the Baduanjin group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum antioxidant SOD levels were increased by 10.03 ± 4.73 U/mL (p < 0.001), and the prooxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were decreased by -1.08 ± 0.80 nmol/mL (p = 0.030) and -86.61 ± 15.03 ng/L (p < 0.001) in the Baduanjin training group; while inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 levels were increased (1.08 ± 0.33 pg./mL, p = 0.034, 2.74 ± 0.75 pg./mL, p = 0.04 and 1.48 ± 0.35 pg./mL, p = 0.042). In addition, a mediation effect that Baduanjin training improved cognitive ability mediated by an increase of circulating IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were observed in this study. Conclusion Regular Baduanjin exercise training could improve the cognitive frailty of the community-dwelling older adults with CF, and modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory processes by reducing circulating pro-oxidative MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α levels and increasing anti-oxidative SOD levels, as well as impacting inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 levels. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Baduanjin exercise mediating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes should be cautious to be explained. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, ChiCTR1800020341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Wan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiying Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianquan He
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingting Qiu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Reis ASLDS, Furtado GE, Menuchi MRTP, Borges GF. The Impact of Exercise on Interleukin-6 to Counteract Immunosenescence: Methodological Quality and Overview of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:954. [PMID: 38786366 PMCID: PMC11121001 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the methodological quality of published systematic reviews on randomized and non-randomized clinical trials to synthesize evidence on the association between IL-6, immunosenescence, and aerobic and/or resistance exercise. METHOD The Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Systematic Reviews (PRIO-harms) guideline was used, with registration number CRD42022346142-PROSPERO. Relevant databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using English Medical Subject Headings terms. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews analyzing aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both and assessing IL-6 as a biomarker of cellular immunosenescence in humans. The Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) was employed. RESULTS Out of 742 identified articles, 18 were eligible, and 13 were selected for analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 249 to 1421 participants, mostly female, with ages ranging from 17 to 95 years. Aerobic exercise was the most studied type (46.15%), followed by combined exercise (38.46%) and resistance exercise (15.38%). Aerobic exercise showed a statistically significant reduction in IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Among the 13 reviews analyzed using AMSTAR-2, 8 were rated as critically low quality, and 5 were classified as low quality. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to modulate IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels in immunosenescence. However, the limited methodological quality of the analyzed systematic reviews highlights the urgent need for robust, high-quality studies to improve access to information and facilitate evidence-based decision-making in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sulivan Lopes da Silva Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | | | - Grasiely Faccin Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
- Center for Public Policies and Social Technologies, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Praça José Bastos, s/n, Centro, Itabuna 45600-923, BA, Brazil
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Mustafa AI, Beltran-Najera I, Evans D, Bartlett A, Dotson VM, Woods SP. Implications of vascular depression for successful cognitive aging in HIV Disease. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01201-2. [PMID: 38546936 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Although older adults with HIV are at high risk for mild neurocognitive disorders, a subset experience successful cognitive aging (SCA). HIV is associated with an increased risk of vascular depression (VasDep), which can affect cognitive and daily functioning. The current study examined whether VasDep impedes SCA among older adults with HIV. 136 persons with HIV aged 50 years and older were classified as either SCA+ (n = 37) or SCA- (n = 99) based on a battery of demographically adjusted neurocognitive tests and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Participants were also stratified on the presence of vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) and current depression as determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Depression/Dejection scale of the Profile of Mood States. A Cochran-Armitage test revealed a significant additive effect of vascular disease and depression on SCA in this sample of older adults with HIV (z = 4.13, p <.0001). Individuals with VasDep had the lowest frequency of SCA+ (0%), which differed significantly from the group with only vascular disease (30%, OR = 0.04, CI = 0.002,0.68)) and the group with neither vascular disease nor depression (47% OR = 0.02, CI = 0.33,0.001). Findings were not confounded by demographics, HIV disease severity, or other psychiatric and medical factors (ps > 0.05). These data suggest that presence of VasDep may be a barrier to SCA in older adults with HIV disease. Prospective, longitudinal studies with neuroimaging-based operationalizations of VasDep are needed to further clarify this risk factor's role in the maintenance of cognitive and brain health in persons with HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Mustafa
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd, 126 Heyne Bldg (Ste. 239d), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ilex Beltran-Najera
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd, 126 Heyne Bldg (Ste. 239d), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Darrian Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd, 126 Heyne Bldg (Ste. 239d), Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Alexandria Bartlett
- Department of Psychology and c Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology and c Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd, 126 Heyne Bldg (Ste. 239d), Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Deng C, Wang J. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1353624. [PMID: 38585147 PMCID: PMC10995365 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1353624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of eye health, the profound impact of exercise and physical activity on various ocular diseases has become a focal point of attention. This review summarizes and elucidates the positive effects of exercise and physical activities on common ocular diseases, including dry eye disease (DED), cataracts, myopia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also catalogues and offers exercise recommendations based on the varying impacts that different types and intensities of physical activities may have on specific eye conditions. Beyond correlations, this review also compiles potential mechanisms through which exercise and physical activity beneficially affect eye health. From mitigating ocular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, reducing intraocular pressure, enhancing mitochondrial function, to promoting ocular blood circulation and the release of protective factors, the complex biological effects triggered by exercise and physical activities reveal their substantial potential in preventing and even assisting in the treatment of ocular diseases. This review aims not only to foster awareness and appreciation for how exercise and physical activity can improve eye health but also to serve as a catalyst for further exploration into the specific mechanisms and key targets through which exercise impacts ocular health. Such inquiries are crucial for advancing innovative strategies for the treatment of eye diseases, thereby holding significant implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gu Y, Li Z, Dang A, Zhang W, Liu J, Han X, Li Y, Lv N. Obesity, birth weight, and lifestyle factors for frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14066-14085. [PMID: 38095641 PMCID: PMC10756094 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, birth weight and lifestyle factors have been found associated with the risk of frailty in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is uncertain. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the associations. Genetic instruments associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8) were selected from corresponding genome-wide association studies (n = 143,677 to 703,901 individuals). Summary-level data for the frailty index were obtained from the UK Biobank (n = 164,610) and Swedish TwinGene (n = 10,616). The β of the frailty index was 0.15 (p = 3.88 × 10-9) for 1 standard deviation increase in the prevalence of smoking initiation, 0.19 (p = 3.54 × 10-15) for leisure screen time, 0.13 (p = 5.26 × 10-7) for body mass index and 0.13 (p = 1.80 × 10-4) for waist circumference. There was a suggestive association between genetically predicted higher birth weight and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity with the decreased risk of the frailty index. We observed no causal association between genetically predicted age of smoking initiation and alcoholic drinks per week with the frailty index. This study supports the causal roles of smoking initiation, leisure screen time, overall obesity, and abdominal obesity in frailty. The possible association between higher birth weight, proper physical activity and a decreased risk of frailty needs further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Gu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuozhi Li
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Dang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naqiang Lv
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tan L, Yan W, Yang W, Kamionka A, Lipowski M, Zhao Z, Zhao G. Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112310. [PMID: 37844768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal women affected by overweight and obesity are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to inflammation. Exercise may reduce the risk of disease by attenuating low-grade chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women struggling with overweight and obesity. METHOD Literature as of May 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (A) Written in English; (B) RCTs; (C) Postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity as research objects; (D) Outcome measurements include CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin; (E) Duration of the exercise intervention is eight weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 articles and 2229 participants were included. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.87 to -0.31, p < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -0.65, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.35, p < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.48, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.21, p < 0.00001), and exercise can significantly increase the level of adiponectin (MD: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.65, p = 0.04) in women impacted by overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
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Duranti E, Villa C. Muscle Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Advancing Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1582. [PMID: 38002264 PMCID: PMC10669302 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Muscle involvement, muscle atrophy, and subsequent paralysis are among the main features of this disease, which is defined as a neuromuscular disorder. ALS is a persistently progressive disease, and as motor neurons continue to degenerate, individuals with ALS experience a gradual decline in their ability to perform daily activities. Ultimately, muscle function loss may result in paralysis, presenting significant challenges in mobility, communication, and self-care. While the majority of ALS research has traditionally focused on pathogenic pathways in the central nervous system, there has been a great interest in muscle research. These studies were carried out on patients and animal models in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop therapies aimed at improving muscle function. This review summarizes the features of ALS and discusses the role of muscle, as well as examines recent studies in the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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11
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Webber BJ, Yun HC, Whitfield GP. Leisure-time physical activity and mortality from influenza and pneumonia: a cohort study of 577 909 US adults. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1231-1237. [PMID: 37192831 PMCID: PMC10579185 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality from influenza and pneumonia. METHODS A nationally representative sample of US adults (aged ≥18 years) who participated in the National Health Interview Survey from 1998 to 2018 were followed for mortality through 2019. Participants were classified as meeting both physical activity guidelines if they reported ≥150 min/week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity and ≥2 episodes/week of muscle-strengthening activity. Participants were also classified into five volume-based categories of self-reported aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity. Influenza and pneumonia mortality was defined as having an underlying cause of death with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code of J09-J18 recorded in the National Death Index. Mortality risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, health conditions and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status. Data were analysed in 2022. RESULTS Among 577 909 participants followed for a median of 9.23 years, 1516 influenza and pneumonia deaths were recorded. Compared with participants meeting neither guideline, those meeting both guidelines had 48% lower adjusted risk of influenza and pneumonia mortality. Relative to no aerobic activity, 10-149, 150-300, 301-600 and >600 min/week were associated with lower risk (by 21%, 41%, 50% and 41%). Relative to <2 episodes/week of muscle-strengthening activity, 2 episodes/week was associated with 47% lower risk and ≥7 episodes/week with 41% higher risk. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic physical activity, even at quantities below the recommended level, may be associated with lower influenza and pneumonia mortality while muscle-strengthening activity demonstrated a J-shaped relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant J Webber
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather C Yun
- Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Malandish A, Gulati M. The impacts of exercise interventions on inflammaging markers in overweight/obesity patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 47:101234. [PMID: 37416483 PMCID: PMC10320319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association of aerobic, resistance and concurrent exercises vs. control group on inflammaging markers [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1-beta, IL-8, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] in overweight or obesity patients with heart failure (HF). Methods The databases of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched until August 31, 2022 for exercise interventions vs. control group on circulating inflammaging markers in patients with HF. Only randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated (registration code = CRD42022347164). Results Forty-six full-text articles (57 intervention arms and 3693 participants) were included. A significant reduction was occurred in inflammaging markers of IL-6 [SMD-0.205(95% CI:-0.332 to -0.078),p = 0.002] and hs-CRP [SMD -0.379 (95% CI:-0.556 to -0.202), p = 0.001] with exercise training in patients with HF. Analysis of subgroup by age, body mass index (BMI), type, intensity, duration of exercise and mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) revealed that there was a significant reduction in TNF-α for middle-aged (p = 0.031), concurrent training (p = 0.033), high intensity (p = 0.005), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (p = 0.007) compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction in IL-6 for middle-aged (p = 0.006), overweight (p = 0.001), aerobic exercise (p = 0.001), both high and moderate intensities (p = 0.037 and p = 0.034), short-term follow-up (p = 0.001), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (p = 0.001) compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction in hs-CRP for middle-aged (p = 0.004), elderly-aged (p = 0.001), overweight (p = 0.001), aerobic exercise (p = 0.001), concurrent training (p = 0.031), both high and moderate intensities (p = 0.017 and p = 0.001), short-term (p = 0.011), long-term (p = 0.049), and very long-term (p = 0.016) follow-ups, HFrEF (p = 0.003) and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (p = 0.048) compared to the control group. Conclusions The results confirmed that aerobic exercise and concurrent training interventions were effective to improve inflammaging markers of TNF-α, IL-6, and hs-CRP. These exercise-related anti-inflammaging responses were observed across ages (middle-aged and elderly-aged), exercise intensities, duration of follow-ups, and mean LVEFs (HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF) in overweight patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, No. 19, Shams Tabrizi St., Velayat Ave., Keikhali Zone, Yamchi, East Azerbaijan, Urmia, Iran
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Suite A3600, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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13
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Mustafa AI, Beltran-Najera I, Evans D, Bartlett A, Dotson VM, Woods SP. Implications of Vascular Depression for Successful Cognitive Aging in HIV disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3154022. [PMID: 37577512 PMCID: PMC10418560 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3154022/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Although older adults with HIV are at high risk for mild neurocognitive disorders, a subset experience successful cognitive aging (SCA). HIV is associated with an increased risk of vascular depression (VasDep), which can affect cognitive and daily functioning. The current study examined whether VasDep impedes SCA among older adults with HIV. Methods 136 persons with HIV aged 50 years and older were classified as either SCA+ (n=37) or SCA- (n=99) based on a battery of demographically adjusted neurocognitive tests and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Participants were also stratified on the presence of vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) and current depression as determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Depression/Dejection scale of the Profile of Mood States. Results A Cochran-Armitage test revealed a significant additive effect of vascular disease and depression on SCA in this sample of older adults with HIV (z=4.13, p<.0001). Individuals with VasDep had the lowest frequency of SCA+ (0%), which differed significantly from the group with only vascular disease (30%, OR=0.04, CI=0.002,0.68)) and the group with neither vascular disease nor depression (47% OR =0.02, CI=0.33,0.001). Findings were not confounded by demographics, HIV disease severity, or other psychiatric and medical factors (ps>.05). Discussion These data suggest that presence of VasDep may be a barrier to SCA in older adults with HIV disease. Prospective, longitudinal studies with neuroimaging-based operationalizations of VasDep are needed to further clarify this risk factor's role in the maintenance of cognitive and brain health in persons with HIV disease.
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Anjos SDD, Ferro RM, Laskawski BN, Haas AN, Prates RC, Steffens JP. Associations between physical activity domains and oral health: an analysis of a Brazilian population-based study. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e071. [PMID: 37436294 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity comprises four domains (leisure, transportation, domestic, and work activities) that may be differently associated with oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between each physical activity domain and oral health conditions in Brazilian adults. A total of 38,539 participants in the 2019 Brazilian Health Survey aged 30 years or older were analyzed. The outcomes were self-perceived oral health (dichotomous) and self-reported number of missing teeth (counts). The presence, frequency, and time of activity in each domain and their combination were analyzed as main exposures. Odds ratios (OR) and mean ratios (MR) were estimated by fitting multivariable models. Higher leisure time physical activity was the only domain associated with better self-perception of oral health (OR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.26-1.38) and lower tooth loss (MR=0.88; 95%CI 0.86-0.90). Higher levels of work, transportation, and household activities were significantly associated with worse self-perception of oral health, while higher levels of work- and transportation-related physical activities were also associated with greater tooth loss. When the total recommended weekly physical activity time was analyzed, no significant associations were found. Sensitivity analysis suggested that this pattern persists in potential periodontitis-related cases, such as when selecting older age or excluding individuals with no tooth loss. In conclusion, leisure physical activity was the only domain with the potential of reflecting the benefits of physical activity on oral health. The inclusion of other domains can confound this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Milani Ferro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Novak Laskawski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre-RS-Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Coelho Prates
- Universidade da Região de Joinville-Univille, Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Steffens
- Universidade Federal do Paraná-UFPR, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Swain CT, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Lou MW, Boing L, Bageley A, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:588-596. [PMID: 36867865 PMCID: PMC10150243 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may partially be mediated by inflammation. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were performed to identify intervention studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Thirty-five intervention studies and one observational study met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicated that, compared with control groups, exercise interventions reduced levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62 to 0.08), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.04 to -0.22), interleukin-6 (IL6, SMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.13) and leptin (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.09). Owing to heterogeneity in effect estimates and imprecision, evidence strength was graded as low (CRP, leptin) or moderate (TNFα and IL6). High-quality evidence indicated that exercise did not change adiponectin levels (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.17). These findings provide support for the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makayla W.C. Lou
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Amy Bageley
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Holtz JK, Thinggaard BS, Grauslund J, Subhi Y. Association between oral metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 36876510 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Rodent studies demonstrate that oral metformin use may reduce chronic low-grade inflammation, downregulate apoptosis and extend life span. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that oral metformin use may protect against development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in humans. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between oral metformin use and AMD in patients with type 2 diabetes and conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to provide a summary estimate of the association. We searched 12 literature databases on 10 August 2022 and identified nine eligible studies with data on a total of 1 427 074 individuals with diabetes. We found that patients with diabetes using metformin had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of having or developing AMD (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46-0.86; p = 0.004). Our analyses also revealed that although the findings were robust in the sensitivity analysis, the Funnel plot indicated a certain publication bias towards finding a protective effect. Results of individual studies suggested inconsistent findings, as some studies found lower risk of AMD from higher total metformin exposure, whereas other studies found a higher risk of AMD from higher total metformin exposure. Taken together, there may be a link between metformin use and lower risk of AMD, but the relationship is only studied in observational studies, various sources of bias can be speculated to influence, and careful interpretation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Sommer Thinggaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Malandish A, Karimi A, Naderi M, Ghadamyari N, Gulati M. The impacts of exercise interventions on inflammatory markers and vascular adhesion molecules in patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis of RCTs. CJC Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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18
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Hernández-Lepe MA, Ortiz-Ortiz M, Hernández-Ontiveros DA, Mejía-Rangel MJ. Inflammatory Profile of Older Adults in Response to Physical Activity and Diet Supplementation: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4111. [PMID: 36901121 PMCID: PMC10001956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammation in the elderly, usually known as inflammaging, accelerates the development of age-related diseases, including cancer, obesity, sarcopenia, and cardio-metabolic diseases. Two of the most studied interventions against inflammation are diet supplementation and the regular practice of exercise. The search for this systematic review was performed in Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases within the last 10 years. Only randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of supplementation and exercise against inflammatory markers in older adults were included. After applying eligibility criteria and risk-of-bias assessment, 11 studies were included in the systematic review. In total, 638 participants were analyzed and the main supplements evaluated were amino acid or protein supplementation from different sources. In the counterpart, the exercise applied in the evaluations included strengthening exercises or aerobic training. The interventions had a range of duration between 4 and 24 weeks, and the effects on inflammation markers in most of the studies showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and non- or slightly significant change in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these results suggest that exercise and supplement interventions can contribute to diminishing the inflammation process in the elderly. We can also conclude that further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the possible synergistic effects of exercise and food supplementation against inflammation in the elderly due to the limited studies that currently exist. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID CRD42023387184.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinna Ortiz-Ortiz
- Sports School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Minerva Janini Mejía-Rangel
- Medical and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
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Haß U, Heider S, Kochlik B, Herpich C, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Norman K. Effects of Exercise and Omega-3-Supplemented, High-Protein Diet on Inflammatory Markers in Serum, on Gene Expression Levels in PBMC, and after Ex Vivo Whole-Blood LPS Stimulation in Old Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020928. [PMID: 36674453 PMCID: PMC9863449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is related to cell senescence and reflects an erratic immune system, which promotes age-associated diseases. Exercise and nutrition, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, are able to affect inflammation. Therefore, we examined the effects of an 8-week exercise and dietary intervention on the inflammatory response in community-dwelling old adults. All participants received weekly vibration and home-based resistance exercise. Furthermore, participants were randomized to either a control, high-protein (1.2-1.5 g/kg), or high-protein, omega-3-enriched (2.2 g/day) diet. Before and after treatment, inflammatory markers in fasting serum and after whole-blood ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were assessed. Gene expression levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sixty-one participants (age: 70.6 ± 4.7 years; 47% men) completed the study. According to generalized linear mixed models, a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet decreased circulating anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-) 10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Sex-stratified analyses showed also significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers in men with a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet. Gene expression of IL-1RA was significantly reduced after both protein-enriched diets compared with controls. In comparison to a high-protein diet, exercise alone showed lower LPS-induced release of c-c motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), which tended to be more pronounced in men compared with women. Eight weeks of a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet combined with exercise decreased circulating anti-inflammatory markers, and pro-inflammatory markers in men. A high-protein diet attenuated anti-inflammatory markers on gene expression level in PBMC. Exercise alone resulted in a lower pro-inflammatory response to LPS-exposure in whole-blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Haß
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sarah Heider
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Y, Jia N, Ding M, Yuan K. Effects of exercise on inflammatory factors and IGF system in breast cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:507. [PMID: 36482346 PMCID: PMC9730577 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there are multiple hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on the postoperative inflammatory factors and the IGF system among breast cancer patients, especially. To determine the underlying mechanisms, prevent the recurrence of breast cancer and improve its prognosis, this paper will systematically evaluate the impact of exercise on inflammatory factors and the IGF system in breast cancer survivors. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP (Chinese scientific and technical journals) databases were systematically searched until April 2021. The search terms included 'exercise', 'inflammatory factor', 'IGF system' and 'breast cancer'. A total of 1066 relevant articles were retrieved. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as study population, intervention method and type of experiment, and 11 articles were ultimately included. All statistical results were analysed using STATA 14.0 and Rstudio 4.1.1. RESULTS We found that exercise significantly reduced the level of IGF-1 (WMD, -19.947 ng/ml; 95% CI, -22.669 to -17.225; P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis showed that in the studies with an intervention period > 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -0.761 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.369 to -0.153; p = 0.014), while in the studies with an intervention period ≤ 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced CRP (WMD, -2.381 mg/L; 95% CI, -4.835 to 0.073, P = 0.001) and IL-10 levels (WMD, -7.141 pg/ml, 95% CI, -10.853 to -3.428; P = 0.000). In addition, aerobic exercise plus resistance training significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -1.474 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.653 to -1.296; P = 0.000). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that after excluding the studies with high heterogeneity, exercise significantly reduced the TNF-α levels in patients with breast cancer (WMD, -1.399 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.718 to -1.080; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Exercise reduces the postoperative levels of IGF-1, IL-6, CRP, IL-10 and TNF-α among patients with breast cancer, which may have a significant impact on inhibiting breast cancer recurrence and improving its prognosis. Future studies should examine the effects of different durations and types of exercise to develop individualized exercise prescriptions for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Ningxin Jia
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Meng Ding
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Kai Yuan
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 262799 Shandong China
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Zhao H, Cheng R, Song G, Teng J, Shen S, Fu X, Yan Y, Liu C. The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15491. [PMID: 36497565 PMCID: PMC9739568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training is considered to be an efficient treatment for age-related sarcopenia and can improve muscle strength and quality in patients. However, there are currently no recommendations on resistance training parameters to improve muscle strength and quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and included 13 eligible RCTs. Resistance training significantly improved grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle index in patients with age-related sarcopenia, and kettlebell was found to be the most effective modality. However, it is noteworthy that the elastic band is also a recommended form of resistance training considering that the kettlebell intervention was tested in only one study, while the elastic band was confirmed by multiple studies. Elastic band training (Hedges's g = 0.629, 95%CI = 0.090-1.168, p < 0.05) (40-60 min per session, more than three times per week for at least 12 weeks) was the most efficient training method. Thus, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. In addition, moderate-intensity resistance training using elastic bands may be the best training prescription for elderly patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruihong Cheng
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Xuancheng Fu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Coutinho LA, Leão LL, Cassilhas RC, de Paula AMB, Deslandes AC, Monteiro-Junior RS. Alzheimer's disease genes and proteins associated with resistance and aerobic training: An in silico analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111948. [PMID: 36087875 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise appears to be a viable intervention for maintaining cognitive function and regaining functional autonomy, and perhaps even contributing to a slower progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To explore different neuroplasticity pathways modulated by aerobic and strength training, determine whether signaling pathways overlapped for each specific training method (aerobic and strength training), and evaluate whether there is a functional relationship between APOE and APP gene expression with aerobic training modulated by BDNF; and strength training modulated by IGF-1. METHODS An in silico analysis was performed to analyze the connection between exercise types and neuroplasticity as a protective factor in AD. The platform provides a protein-protein interaction network translated into known and predicted interactions. A score > 0.70 was determined as high confidence and the network was considered significant when the Protein-Protein Interaction Enrichment was <0.01. RESULTS Multiple functional associations considered significant between the analyzed proteins. The results of our gene network model support that exercise, both aerobic and strength, can modulate genes that affect hippocampal neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, which may delay cognitive decline and Alzheimer's related symptoms. CONCLUSION The investigation about the functional association of aerobic training via BDNF in the modulation of APP, APOE, and MAPT genes in the hippocampus seems to be established, while strength training seems to induce the production of IGF-1 and IGF-1R, modulating AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Lemos Leão
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Zhao H, Cheng R, Teng J, Song G, Huang C, Yuan S, Lu Y, Shen S, Liu J, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Training Modalities on the Inflammatory Response in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13224. [PMID: 36293806 PMCID: PMC9603579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different training modalities on improving the inflammatory response in adolescents with obesity. For the study methodology, the databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were selected for searching. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool, and statistical analysis was performed by applying RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software. A total of 14 studies with 682 subjects were included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that aerobic training (AT) and aerobic plus resistance training (AT + RT) reduced the levels of IL-6 and CRP in adolescents with obesity. Among them, AT + RT was more effective than other training modalities in reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents with obesity. Different training modalities have no effect on the TNF-α level in adolescents with obesity. However, regarding the increase in IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in adolescents with obesity, resistance training (RT) did not lead to significant differences. In conclusion, long-term regular AT, AT + RT, and HIIT are all helpful in improving the inflammatory state of adolescents with obesity, with AT + RT being the best training modality to combat inflammation in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruihong Cheng
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenjian Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Jingqi Liu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Zhang L, Zheng YL, Wang R, Wang XQ, Zhang H. Exercise for osteoporosis: A literature review of pathology and mechanism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005665. [PMID: 36164342 PMCID: PMC9509020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease that weakens bones and has a high morbidity rate worldwide, which is prevalent among the elderly, particularly, women of postmenopausal age. The dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption is necessary for normal bone metabolism. Many factors, including aging, estrogen deficiency, and prolonged immobilization, disrupt normal apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, leading to abnormal activation of osteoclasts, which gradually overwhelm bone formation by bone resorption. Moderate exercise as an effective non-drug treatment helps increase bone formation and helps relieve OP. The possible mechanisms are that exercise affects apoptosis and autophagy through the release of exercise-stimulated myohormone and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines via mechanical force. In addition, exercise may also have an impact on the epigenetic processes involved in bone metabolism. Mechanical stimulation promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation by altering the expression of non-coding RNAs. Besides, by reducing DNA methylation, the mechanical stimulus can also alter the epigenetic status of osteogenic genes and show associated increased expression. In this review, we reviewed the possible pathological mechanisms of OP and summarized the effects of exercise on bone metabolism, and the mechanisms by which exercise alleviates the progression of OP, to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
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25
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Zhao H, He Z, Yun H, Wang R, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Inflammatory Response in the Elderly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10451. [PMID: 36012088 PMCID: PMC9407701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise modes on improving inflammatory response in the elderly. For the research methodology, databases such as CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were selected for searching. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and RevMan5.4.1 analysis software was applied for the statistical analysis. A total of 31 studies (20 randomized controlled trials and 11 self-controlled trials) with 1528 subjects were included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic + resistance exercise, and HIIT all significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in the elderly, and the improvement effects of aerobic + resistance exercise on IL-6, HIIT on TNF-α, and resistance exercise on CRP in the elderly were better than those of the other three exercise modes, respectively. In conclusion, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic + resistance exercise, and HIIT all contribute to ameliorating the inflammatory status of the elderly, among which resistance exercise is a noteworthy exercise mode for the elderly to improve inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hezhang Yun
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruifu Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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O'Neill CD, O'Rourke N, Jeffrey M, Green-Johnson JM, Dogra S. Salivary concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1ra after HIIT and MICT in young, healthy adults: A randomized exercise study. Cytokine 2022; 157:155965. [PMID: 35843124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) would lead to greater changes in resting concentrations of salivary IL-8 and IL-1ra than moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in young, healthy adults, and to determine whether changes in IL-8 and IL-1ra after six weeks of either HIIT or MICT were associated with changes in maximal exercise capacity (VO2max). Participants were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of HIIT (n = 12) or MICT (n = 11), matched for workload. Saliva samples were collected at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the intervention, and analyzed for IL-8 and IL-1ra. Participants in both groups had significant improvements in VO2max; there were no group differences in improvements. A greater reduction in IL-8 was observed in the MICT group when compared to the HIIT group (HIIT median: -9.5; MICT median: -82.3 pg/µg of protein; U = 11.5, p < 0.001). When combining the HIIT and MICT group, there were significant reductions in IL-8 from T1 to T2. There was no correlation between changes in IL-8 (r < 0.00) or IL-1ra (r = -0.013) with changes in VO2max. In conclusion, 6 weeks of exercise training leads to a reduction in IL-8; MICT may lead to greater reductions when compared to HIIT. Future research examining longer intervention periods is needed to further elucidate the effects of HIIT and MICT on different pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D O'Neill
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - N O'Rourke
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - M Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - J M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada
| | - S Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G-0C5, Canada.
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27
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Comparison of the Effect of Endurance, Strength, and Endurance-Strength Training on Inflammatory Markers and Adipokines Levels in Overweight and Obese Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061098. [PMID: 35742148 PMCID: PMC9222976 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of endurance, strength, and combined training on inflammatory markers and adipokine concentrations in overweight and obese adults. We performed a literature search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and identified 24 randomised control trials published prior to June 2021. Our findings indicate that endurance training was significantly more beneficial than strength training in reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) (standard mean difference (SMD): −1.317, 95% confidence intervals (CI): −2.565, −0.070, p = 0.0385), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD: −0.363, 95% CI: −0.648, −0.078, p = 0.0126), and visfatin (SMD: −0.618, 95% CI: −1.015, −0.222, p = 0.0023) concentrations. Moreover, combined training was more beneficial than strength training alone in lowering tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: 0.890, 95% CI: −0.301, 1.478, p = 0.0030). There were no differences between the effects of different types of training programmes on adiponectin and leptin concentrations. In conclusion, compared with strength training, endurance training is more effective in lowering CRP, IL-6, and visfatin concentrations, while combined training is more beneficial in reducing TNF-α levels in overweight and obese adults. Further studies are needed to determine which type of training has a better effect on adiponectin and leptin concentrations in this population.
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28
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Gde Agung Mahendra ID, Subadi I, Wardhani IL, Satyawati R, Alit Pawana IP, Melaniani S. Effects of Otago Exercise Program on serum Interleukin-6 level in older women. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103733. [PMID: 35600169 PMCID: PMC9114448 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Otago Exercise Program (OEP) has been demonstrated to minimize the risk of falling in older adults by improving muscular strength and balance. Meanwhile, reduced IL-6 level serves as a biomarker of regular physical activity. Objective Analyzing OEP effect on decreased IL-6 level in elderly women. Methods This study used a randomized control trial design from October 2020 to May 2021. 26 participants were divided into a treatment group (13 participants) and a control group (13 participants). The treatment group received OEP for 8 weeks, in which the OEP was carried out 3 times during the first week. On the other hand, the control group did not get intervention. The IL-6 level was measured 2 times, before and after OEP. The measurement results were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test, which were declared significant if p < 0.05. Results The participants' average IL-6 level at pretest and posttest was 4.77 ± 1.71 pg/mL and 4.57 ± 1.74 pg/mL, respectively. The IL-16 level of the treatment group at pretest and posttest was 4.22 ± 1.72 pg/mL and 3.97 ± 1.67 pg/mL, respectively (t = 1.058; 95% CI = −0.770 – 0.267; p = 0.311). Meanwhile, the IL-6 level of the control group at pretest and posttest was 5.30 ± 1.59 pg/mL and 5.16 ± 1.65 pg/mL, respectively (t = 0.382; 95% CI = −0.969 – 0.680; p = 0.709). The ΔIL-6 level in the treatment and control group was −0.25 ± 0.85 pg/mL and −0.14 ± 1.36 pg/mL, respectively (t = 0.240; 95% CI = −1.030 – 0.815; p = 0.813). Conclusion The OEP didn't lower serum IL-6 levels after eight weeks. Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is an easy exercise that increases physical activity. The OEP can reduce interleukin-6 (IL-6) level when performed >8 weeks (3 x/weeks). The OEP minimizes the risk of fractures in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dewa Gde Agung Mahendra
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Imam Subadi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Jl. Mayjend Prof. Dr. Moestopo. No. 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rwahita Satyawati
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Putu Alit Pawana
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soenarnatalina Melaniani
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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29
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Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, García-Molina A, Tormos JM, Montero-Alía P, Heras-Tébar A, Soriano-Raya JJ, Cáceres C, Domènech S, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Molecular and Brain Volume Changes Following Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults: The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:854175. [PMID: 35529777 PMCID: PMC9067321 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.854175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral interventions have shown promising neuroprotective effects, but the cascade of molecular, brain and behavioral changes involved in these benefits remains poorly understood. Projecte Moviment is a 12-week (5 days per week—45 min per day) multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effect and underlying mechanisms of an aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and a combined (COMB) groups compared to a waitlist control group. Adherence was > 80% for 82/109 participants recruited (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). In this study we report intervention-related changes in plasma biomarkers (BDNF, TNF-α, HGF, ICAM-1, SDF1-α) and structural-MRI (brain volume) and how they related to changes in physical activity and individual variables (age and sex) and their potential role as mediators in the cognitive changes. Our results show that although there were no significant changes in molecular biomarker concentrations in any intervention group, changes in ICAM-1 and SDF1-α were negatively associated with changes in physical activity outcomes in AE and COMB groups. Brain volume changes were found in the CCT showing a significant increase in precuneus volume. Sex moderated the brain volume change in the AE and COMB groups, suggesting that men may benefit more than women. Changes in molecular biomarkers and brain volumes did not significantly mediate the cognitive-related benefits found previously for any group. This study shows crucial initial molecular and brain volume changes related to lifestyle interventions at early stages and highlights the value of examining activity parameters, individual difference characteristics and using a multi-level analysis approach to address these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo,
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - José Maria Tormos
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alía
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Antonio Heras-Tébar
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Juan José Soriano-Raya
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Cáceres
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sira Domènech
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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30
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Dose- and Intensity-Response Associations Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 30:950-962. [PMID: 35203054 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dose- and intensity-response associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in older adults. Multivariable linear regression was performed to evaluate the associations among 3,559 older adults in 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. LTPA was negatively associated with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein, segmented neutrophil count and alkaline phosphatase, and positively associated with one marker of antioxidants albumin in older adults. Compared with vigorous LTPA, moderate LTPA could provide more benefits through further decreasing white blood cell count and alkaline phosphatase, and increasing serum bilirubin and albumin. The effects of LTPA on C-reactive protein and albumin were more significant in participants with chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the dose- and intensity-response effects of LTPA on inflammation and oxidative stress and provides exercise prescription recommendations for older adults.
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Rodrigues-Sobral MM, Carneiro LSF, Pupe CCB, Nascimento OJMD, Sampaio CA, Monteiro Junior RS. Influence of Islamic religion and spirituality on the well-being and quality of life of cancer patients: a meta-analysis and a hypothetical model of cerebral mechanisms. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically analyze quantitative data about the effects of religion/spirituality and the well-being/quality of life of cancer patients. The second aim was to hypothesize a neurophysiological model of the association between religion/spirituality and the brain. Methods: This study met the PRISMA Statement and was registered at PROSPERO database. Randomized and Controlled trials investigating religion/spirituality and well-being/quality of life of cancer patients were included. Based on neuroimaging and neurophysiology studies, a neuroanatomical model was developed to hypothesize the relationship between neuroscience and religion/spirituality. Results: A large effect size was found on the improvement of well-being/quality of life (SMD = 3.90 [2.43-5.38], p < 0.01). Heterogeneity was high among studies (I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). Specific regions of the brain, such as the temporal lobes, amygdalae and hippocampus, regions from the limbic system, were hypothesized to take part in the religion/spirituality phenomena and the well-being/quality of life improvement. Conclusion: Religion/spirituality intervention, mainly the Islamic, promotes an improvement on well-being/quality of life of cancer patients.
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Physical exercise is associated with a reduction in plasma levels of fractalkine, TGF-β1, eotaxin-1 and IL-6 in younger adults with mobility disability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263173. [PMID: 35113938 PMCID: PMC8812905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility disability (MD) refers to substantial limitations in life activities that arise because of movement impairments. Although MD is most prevalent in older individuals, it can also affect younger adults. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation can drive the development of MD and may need to be targeted for MD prevention. Physical exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and has been associated with MD prevention. However, no studies to date have examined whether exercise interventions affect the peripheral inflammatory status in younger adults with MD. To this end, we used blood samples from young and middle-aged adults with MD (N = 38; median age = 34 years) who participated in a 12-week intervention that included aerobic and resistance exercise training. A pre-post assessment of inflammatory biomarkers was conducted in plasma from two timepoints, i.e., before the exercise trial and at follow-up (3–7 days after the last exercise session). We successfully measured 15 inflammatory biomarkers and found that exercise was associated with a significant reduction in levels of soluble fractalkine, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), eotaxin-1 and interleukin (IL) 6 (corrected α = 0.004). We also found significant male-specific effects of exercise on (i) increasing IL-16 and (ii) decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). In line with our results, previous studies have also found that exercise can reduce levels of TGF-β1, eotaxin-1 and IL-6. However, our finding that exercise reduces plasma levels of fractalkine in younger adults with MD, as well as the sex-dependent findings, have not been previously reported and warrant replication in larger cohorts. Given the suggested role of inflammation in promoting MD development, our study provides additional support for the use of physical exercise as a treatment modality for MD.
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Babaei P, Azari HB. Exercise Training Improves Memory Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:771553. [PMID: 35153701 PMCID: PMC8829997 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.771553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractExercise, neurotransmitters, growth factors, myokines, and potential effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvin Babaei,
| | - Helya Bolouki Azari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salivary IL-6 Concentration Is Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Older Individuals. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010117. [PMID: 35054284 PMCID: PMC8775035 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the physiological changes that is most closely associated with frailty is the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 in particular. Most studies have demonstrated this association using blood samples. We analyzed the relationship between frailty syndrome, individual frailty criteria, and IL-6 levels obtained by saliva tests. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was performed among women institutionalized in nursing homes. Frailty was defined as having three or more of the following components: low lean mass, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed; prefrailty was defined as having one or two of those components. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between the frailty score and salivary IL-6 concentration. Regarding the associations between IL-6 and individual dichotomized frailty criteria, there were significant differences in salivary IL-6 concentration in two frailty criteria: weight loss (p = 0.002) and low physical activity (p = 0.007). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that IL-6 concentration significantly (p < 0.05) (although moderately) discriminated patients that progressed in the frailty syndrome (the area under the curve value was 0.697 with 95% CI 0.566–0.827). Conclusions: Salivary IL-6 concentration can be used as potential biomarker of frailty syndrome and as a tool to monitor the effects of interventions in frail individuals.
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Muñoz-Vergara D, Schreiber KL, Langevin H, Yeh GY, Zhu Y, Rist P, Wayne PM. The Effects of a Single Bout of High- or Moderate-Intensity Yoga Exercise on Circulating Inflammatory Mediators: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:2164957X221145876. [PMID: 36583069 PMCID: PMC9793102 DOI: 10.1177/2164957x221145876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a knowledge gap in the physiological effects of short-term yoga exercise interventions. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the acute effects of a yoga exercise protocol practiced at 2 intensities (high or moderate) on temporal responses of a battery of systemic circulatory cytokines in healthy yoga-naïve adults. Methods This study was a three-arm, pre-post pilot-RCT employing a single bout of yoga exercise intervention. Groups were high-intensity yoga (HY, n = 10), moderate-intensity yoga (MY, n = 10), and a sedentary, no-intervention control group (CON, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention at 6 timepoints (0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes, and 24-hours post-intervention) and were processed with a pre-defined inflammatory panel of 13 cytokines. Heart rate (HR) was assessed with a Polar H10® device. The PROMIS Pain intensity Questionnaire was used to assess body soreness. Results We demonstrate feasibility of recruitment, randomization, and retention of participants based upon predetermined metrics, including: proportion of eligible to enrolled participants (55%); recruitment period (11-months); participant retention (97%); completion rate for questionnaires (99%); completion of physiological measures (98%); and adherence to the yoga exercise protocol (88%). Cytokine levels over time were heterogeneous within and between groups. Responses of a subset of cytokines were positively correlated with 1 another in high- and moderate-intensity yoga exercise groups but not in the control group. Median values for HR were 91 (IQR: 71-95) in the HY, 95 (IQR: 88-100) in the MY, and 73 (IQR: 72-75) in the CON. Pre-post changes in body soreness after the yoga exercise intervention were most evident in the HY group. Conclusion Along with observed trends in select cytokines, findings encourage a more definitive trial aimed at understanding the short-term effects of yoga exercise on inflammatory immune markers and pain in sedentary healthy adults. Clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT04444102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara, DVM, MS, MPH,
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth
Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Langevin
- National Center for Complementary
and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institute of Health
(NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and
Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yehui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, A. A.
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Rist
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Babaei P, Hoseini R. Exercise training modulates adipokines dysregulations in metabolic syndrome. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:18-28. [PMID: 35782776 PMCID: PMC9219261 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases, and it is characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The core component for MetS is adipose tissue, which releases adipokines and influences physical health. Adipokines consist of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to various physiological functions. Generally, a sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, regular exercise has been known to exert various beneficial effects on metabolic and cognitive disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying exercise beneficial effects in MetS are not fully understood, changes in energy expenditure, fat accumulation, circulatory level of myokines, and adipokines might be involved. This review article focuses on some of the selected adipokines in MetS, and their responses to exercise training considering possible mechanisms. Adipokines are a potential link between visceral fats and complications of MetS. Physical inactivity increases pro-inflammatory adipokines. Moderate aerobic exercise increases anti-inflammatory adipokines partly via reducing adipose tissue mass. Physical exercise-induced myokines might mediate beneficial effects via a cross-talk with adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Deljanin-Ilić M, Kocić G, Lazarević G, Simonović D, Stojanović M, Ilić S, Đorđević B, Petrović D, Stojanović S. Exercise training and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease patients. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai39-36545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the influence of exercise training on inflammatory markers and exercise tolerance in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Patients and methods. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled in the present study, including 34 CAD patients (CAD group: 59.2 ± 8.2 years) and 20 healthy controls (C group: 54.2 ± 8.0 years). C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC), and placental growth factor (PIGF) were determined, and an exercise test was performed in both groups at baseline and once again in CAD group after the supervised 3 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Results. At baseline, CRP, ESR and PIGF were significantly higher in the CAD group compared to the C group (p = 0.038, p = 0.019 and p = 0.002), while exercise capacity was significantly higher in the C group (p ˂ 0.01). After 3 weeks of exercise training, CRP, ESR, WBC count and PIGF significantly decreased (p = 0.048, p ˂ 0.001, p = 0.002 and p ˂ 0.001 respectively), while exercise capacity significantly increased (p ˂ 0.001) in the CAD group. In the CAD group, CRP decrease significantly correlated with WBC and PIGF decrease (r = 0.816, p = 0.002 and r = 0.988, p ˂ 0.001), as well as with exercise capacity increase (r = 0.834, p ˂ 0.001). Also, WBC decrease significantly correlated both with PIGF decrease (r = 0.768, p ˂ 0.001) and exercise capacity increase (r = 0.548, p = 0.012), while PIGF decrease significantly correlated with exercise capacity increase (r = 0.548, p = 0.013). Conclusion. Residential exercise training in CAD patients reduces inflammation, expressed through a significant decrease in CRP, ESR, WBC count and PIGF levels. Those positive changes in inflammatory markers are associated with significant improvement in exercise capacity.
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Liu Y, Hong F, Lebaka VR, Mohammed A, Ji L, Zhang Y, Korivi M. Calorie Restriction With Exercise Intervention Improves Inflammatory Response in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:754731. [PMID: 34867458 PMCID: PMC8634604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.754731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the effects of exercise (EX) combined with calorie restriction (CR) intervention on inflammatory biomarkers, and correlations between biomarkers and participants' characteristics were calculated in overweight and obese adults. Methods: An article search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane database, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2021. Studies that examined the effect of EX + CR intervention on inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and compared them with a CR trial in overweight and obese adults were included. We calculated the pooled effect by meta-analysis, identified the correlations (between inflammatory biomarkers and participants' characteristics) through meta-regression, and explored the beneficial variable through subgroup analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies were used to assess the risk of bias for the included trials. Results: A total of 23 trials, including 1196 overweight and obese adults, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect showed that EX + CR intervention significantly decreased CRP levels (P = 0.02), but had no effect on IL-6 (P = 0.62) and TNF-α (P = 0.11). Meta-regression analysis showed that the effect of EX + CR on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α changes was correlated with lifestyle behavior of adults (Coef. = -0.380, P = 0.018; Coef. = -0.359, P = 0.031; Coef. = -0.424, P = 0.041, respectively), but not with age and BMI. The subgroup analysis results revealed that participants with sedentary lifestyle behavior did not respond to EX + CR intervention, as we found no changes in CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations (P = 0.84, P = 0.16, P = 0.92, respectively). However, EX + CR intervention significantly decreased CRP (P = 0.0003; SMD = -0.39; 95%CI: -0.60 to -0.18), IL-6 (P = 0.04; SMD = -0.21; 95%CI: -0.40 to -0.01) and TNF-α (P = 0.006; SMD = -0.40, 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.12) in adults without a sedentary lifestyle or with a normal lifestyle. Furthermore, the values between sedentary and normal lifestyle subgroups were statistically significant for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusion: Our findings showed that combination EX + CR intervention effectively decreased CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in overweight and obese adults with active lifestyles, but not with sedentary lifestyle behavior. We suggest that 'lifestyle behavior' is a considerable factor when designing new intervention programs for overweight or obese adults to improve their inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Sports Operation and Management, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | | | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Lei Ji
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yean Zhang
- School of Communication and Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Rose GL, Mielke GI, Durr M, Schaumberg MA. Effect of resistance training on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Laura Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Madeleine Durr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Mia Annalies Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Australia
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Gana W, De Luca A, Debacq C, Poitau F, Poupin P, Aidoud A, Fougère B. Analysis of the Impact of Selected Vitamins Deficiencies on the Risk of Disability in Older People. Nutrients 2021; 13:3163. [PMID: 34579039 PMCID: PMC8469089 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiencies have a serious impact on healthy aging in older people. Many age-related disorders have a direct or indirect impact on nutrition, both in terms of nutrient assimilation and food access, which may result in vitamin deficiencies and may lead to or worsen disabilities. Frailty is characterized by reduced functional abilities, with a key role of malnutrition in its pathogenesis. Aging is associated with various changes in body composition that lead to sarcopenia. Frailty, aging, and sarcopenia all favor malnutrition, and poor nutritional status is a major cause of geriatric morbidity and mortality. In the present narrative review, we focused on vitamins with a significant risk of deficiency in high-income countries: D, C, and B (B6/B9/B12). We also focused on vitamin E as the main lipophilic antioxidant, synergistic to vitamin C. We first discuss the role and needs of these vitamins, the prevalence of deficiencies, and their causes and consequences. We then look at how these vitamins are involved in the biological pathways associated with sarcopenia and frailty. Lastly, we discuss the critical early diagnosis and management of these deficiencies and summarize potential ways of screening malnutrition. A focused nutritional approach might improve the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and the initiation of appropriate clinical interventions for reducing the risk of frailty. Further comprehensive research programs on nutritional interventions are needed, with a view to lowering deficiencies in older people and thus decreasing the risk of frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Gana
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- Nutrition Mobile Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France;
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Camille Debacq
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Fanny Poitau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
| | - Pierre Poupin
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Amal Aidoud
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Geriatrics Mobile Units, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (C.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Bertrand Fougère
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Regional University Hospital Centre, 37000 Tours, France; (F.P.); (A.A.); (B.F.)
- Education, Ethics, Health (EA 7505), Tours University, 37000 Tours, France
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Limaye NS, Carvalho LB, Kramer S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity and Brain Repair in Stroke: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:1633-1644. [PMID: 33992633 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a novel overview of the literature and to summarize the evidence for the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on serum biomarkers neuroplasticity and brain repair in survivors of stroke. DATA SOURCES We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL using terms related to AE, neuroplasticity, brain repair, and stroke. STUDY SELECTION Titles, abstracts, and selected full texts were screened by 2 independent reviewers against the following inclusion criteria: including adult survivors of stroke, completing an AE intervention working within the AE capacity, and measuring at least 1 blood biomarker outcome of interest. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions and Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tools. DATA SYNTHESIS Nine studies (n=215 participants) were included, reporting on the following outcomes: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cortisol, interleukin 6, and myeloperoxidase. A single bout of high-intensity interval training significantly increased BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF levels, and a 40-45-minute, 24-session, continuous 8-week AE training program significantly increased BDNF levels. No significant difference in response to any other AE intervention was found in other serum biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AE can significantly increase BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF across different AE protocols in survivors of stroke. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal exercise intensity and modalities, specifically in survivors of acute and subacute stroke, and how this may relate to functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj S Limaye
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria.
| | - Lilian Braighi Carvalho
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria
| | - Sharon Kramer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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Physical activity and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 29:15-26. [PMID: 30964753 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between physical activity (PA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients' survival is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize published articles on this issue. We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles through 28 February 2018. The summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model. Eighteen prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 9257 cases of total mortality (TM) and 4015 cases of colorectal cancer-specific mortality (CRCSM) among 31 873 CRC survivors and 557 150 general populations. Among CRC survivors, the highest versus the lowest levels of prediagnosis PA showed decreased risks of TM (summary HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76-0.87, I = 1.8%) and CRCSM (summary HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98, I = 0), respectively. Significant risk reductions for TM and CRCSM were also demonstrated for postdiagnosis PA (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74; and HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.88, respectively). The inverse association between prediagnosis PA and cancer mortality was more pronounced for colon cancer than that for rectal cancer (P = 0.08). The summary HRs (95% CIs) of TM were 0.89 (0.83-0.97) and 0.79 (0.69-0.90) per 10 metabolic equivalent task-h/week increase in prediagnosis and postdiagnosis PA, respectively. Our meta-analysis provides comprehensive evidence that PA performed before or after cancer diagnosis is related to reduced mortality risk among CRC survivors.
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Ding Y, Xu X. Effects of regular exercise on inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2338-2352. [PMID: 34121608 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1932279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been found to play important roles in regulating inflammation, although the mechanisms are unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether regular exercise could regulate inflammation through inflammasome activation signalling in older adults. Five databases were searched, and 19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying effects of regular exercise on inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and other key molecules involved in inflammasome activation signalling such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 in older adults aged 50 years or older were included. The results showed that regular exercise could significantly decrease the levels of IL-1β and IL-18, important end-products of inflammasome activation in older adults. Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise is the most effective training modality, and low-to-moderate intensity and mixed intensity are better compared with high intensity to decrease IL-1β and IL-18. The effect of regular exercise on key molecules involved in inflammasome activation signalling including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 is understudied and needs to be further investigated. These findings demonstrate that regular exercise could effectively decrease inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Bruinsma TJ, Dyer AM, Rogers CJ, Schmitz KH, Sturgeon KM. Effects of Diet and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Biomarkers of Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1048-1062. [PMID: 33737299 PMCID: PMC8172485 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, leptin, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in breast cancer risk and recurrence. Weight loss, via the dynamic interplay of energy balance through exercise and/or caloric restriction, decreases risk of breast cancer recurrence. METHODS We investigated the effects of lifestyle modifications (exercise only, or combined caloric restriction and exercise) on adipokines, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and TNFα biomarkers in breast cancer survivors. Searches were completed in June and July of 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials that met inclusion criteria. Weighted mean difference was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of the studies. RESULTS 2501 records were identified, with 30 ultimately meeting inclusion criteria of the systematic review; 21 studies provided data suitable for meta-analysis. We observed leptin levels were significantly reduced in the exercise-only group compared with sedentary control [WMD -5.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), -11.0 to -0.33; P = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS Leptin may be a primary mediator of exercise-induced improvements in breast cancer recurrence. IMPACT This is the first review and meta-analysis to examine combined exercise and caloric restriction programs in breast cancer survivors. Future studies should further examine combined programs and their efficacy for altering leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Bruinsma
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne-Marie Dyer
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen M Sturgeon
- College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Khalafi M, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111398. [PMID: 33965553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postmenopausal stage of life is associated with increased systemic inflammation that may be mitigated through exercise training. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, however, require further elucidation. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the available high-quality research on the effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. METHOD Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify articles published through April 2021, for studies comparing exercise training to a control condition, on inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin in postmenopausal women. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of exercise training were included according to the following criteria: (A) English language articles; (B) involving women participants who were post-menopausal; (C) providing measures of inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, CRP or adiponectin at baseline and after completion of the intervention; (D) an exercise training intervention duration of ≥4 weeks. RESULTS Results were extracted from the included studies and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Thirty-two studies (representing 38 intervention groups) involving 1510 postmenopausal women were retrieved from the databases for analyses. Overall, exercise training significantly reduced IL-6 [-0.75 (95% CI: -1.07 to -0.42), p < 0.001; 20 interventions], TNF-α [-0.64 (95% CI: -0.91 to -0.37), p < 0.001; 24 interventions] and CRP [-0.64 (95%CI: -0.91 to -0.38), p < 0.001; 21 interventions] and increase adiponectin [0.98 (95% CI: 0.10 to 1.86), p = 0.02; 6 interventions], when compared with control. Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined training significantly reduced IL-6, TNF-α and CRP (p < 0.05). Exercise training improved IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in both younger (age < 64 years) and older (age ≥ 64 years) participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise training may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1673-1686. [PMID: 33877614 PMCID: PMC8056368 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity is the prime modality for the prevention of numerous non-communicable diseases and has also been advocated for resilience against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. However, there is currently no systematic and quantitative evidence synthesis of the association between physical activity and the strength of the immune system. Objective To examine the association between habitual physical activity and (1) the risk of community-acquired infectious disease, (2) laboratory‐assessed immune parameters, and (3) immune response to vaccination. Methods We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus) up to April 2020 for randomised controlled trials and prospective observational studies were included if they compared groups of adults with different levels of physical activity and reported immune system cell count, the concentration of antibody, risk of clinically diagnosed infections, risk of hospitalisation and mortality due to infectious disease. Studies involving elite athletes were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was critically examined following the Cochrane guidelines using ROB2 and ROBINS_E. Data were pooled using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results Higher level of habitual physical activity is associated with a 31% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.78, 6 studies, N = 557,487 individuals) of community-acquired infectious disease and 37% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.70, 4 studies, N = 422,813 individuals) of infectious disease mortality. Physical activity interventions resulted in increased CD4 cell counts (32 cells/µL, 95% CI 7–56 cells/µL, 24 studies, N = 1112 individuals) and salivary immunoglobulin IgA concentration (standardised mean difference 0.756, 95% CI 0.146–1.365, 7 studies, N = 435 individuals) and decreased neutrophil counts (704 cells/µL, 95% CI 68–1340, 6 studies, N = 704 individuals) compared to controls. Antibody concentration after vaccination is higher with an adjunct physical activity programme (standardised mean difference 0.142, 95% CI 0.021–0.262, 6 studies, N = 497 individuals). Conclusion Regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with reduced risk of community-acquired infectious diseases and infectious disease mortality, enhances the first line of defence of the immune system, and increases the potency of vaccination. Protocol registration The original protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020178825). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1.
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Hvid LG, Harwood DL, Eskildsen SF, Dalgas U. A Critical Systematic Review of Current Evidence on the Effects of Physical Exercise on Whole/Regional Grey Matter Brain Volume in Populations at Risk of Neurodegeneration. Sports Med 2021; 51:1651-1671. [PMID: 33861414 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the intriguing potential of physical exercise being able to preserve or even restore brain volume (grey matter volume in particular)-a tissue essential for both cognitive and physical function-no reviews have so far synthesized the existing knowledge from randomized controlled trials investigating exercise-induced changes of the brain's grey matter volume in populations at risk of neurodegeneration. Our objective was to critically review the existing evidence regarding this topic. METHODS A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases primo April 2020, to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of aerobic training, resistance training or concurrent training on brain grey volume changes (by MRI) in adult clinical or healthy elderly populations. RESULTS A total of 20 articles (from 19 RCTs) evaluating 3-12 months of aerobic, resistance, or concurrent training were identified and included, involving a total of 1662 participants (populations: healthy older adults, older adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, adults with schizophrenia or multiple sclerosis or major depression). While few studies indicated a positive effect-although modest-of physical exercise on certain regions of brain grey matter volume, the majority of study findings were neutral (i.e., no effects/small effect sizes) and quite divergent across populations. Meta-analyses showed that different exercise modalities failed to elicit any substantial effects on whole brain grey volume and hippocampus volume, although with rather large confidence interval width (i.e., variability). CONCLUSION Altogether, the current evidence on the effects of physical exercise on whole/regional grey matter brain volume appear sparse and inconclusive, and does not support that physical exercise is as potent as previously proposed when it comes to affecting brain grey matter volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dylan L Harwood
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lifelong Endurance Exercise as a Countermeasure Against Age-Related [Formula: see text] Decline: Physiological Overview and Insights from Masters Athletes. Sports Med 2021; 50:703-716. [PMID: 31873927 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Maximum oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) is not only an indicator of endurance performance, but also a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This physiological parameter is known to decrease with aging. In turn, physical exercise might attenuate the rate of aging-related decline in [Formula: see text], which in light of the global population aging is of major clinical relevance, especially at advanced ages. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence available from masters athletes about the role of lifelong endurance exercise on aging-related [Formula: see text] decline, with examples of the highest [Formula: see text] values reported in the scientific literature for athletes across different ages (e.g., 35 ml·kg-1·min-1 in a centenarian cyclist). These data suggest that a linear decrease in [Formula: see text] might be possible if physical exercise loads are kept consistently high through the entire life span, with [Formula: see text] values remaining higher than those of the general population across all ages. We also summarize the main physiological changes that occur with inactive aging at different system levels-pulmonary and cardiovascular function, blood O2 carrying capacity, skeletal muscle capillary density and oxidative capacity-and negatively influence [Formula: see text], and review how lifelong exercise can attenuate or even prevent most-but apparently not all (e.g., maximum heart rate decline)-of them. In summary, although aging seems to be invariably associated with a progressive decline in [Formula: see text], maintaining high levels of physical exercise along the life span slows the multi-systemic deterioration that is commonly observed in inactive individuals, thereby attenuating age-related [Formula: see text] decline.
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Circulating Mediators of Apoptosis and Inflammation in Aging; Physical Exercise Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063165. [PMID: 33808526 PMCID: PMC8003155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass caused by many cellular mechanisms and also by lifestyle factors such as low daily physical activity. In addition, it has been shown that sarcopenia may be associated with inflammation and cognitive impairment in old age. Regular exercise is key in reducing inflammation and preventing sarcopenia and diseases related to cognitive impairment. The study was designed to assess the impact of exercise training on circulating apoptotic and inflammatory markers of sarcopenia in older adults. Eighty older adults aged 70.5 ± 5.8 years were randomized to the physically active group who participated in a 10-month Tai-Chi training session (TC, n = 40) and the control group who participated in health education sessions (HE, n = 40). Tai-Chi training caused a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) by 3.02 ± 3.99%, but an increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by 1.76 ± 3.17% and gait speed by 9.07 ± 11.45%. Tai-Chi training elevated the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and tumor necrosis receptor factor II (TNFRII), and decreased caspases 8 and 9. Despite the increase in TNFα, apoptosis was not initiated, i.e., the cell-free DNA level did not change in the TC group. The study demonstrated that Tai-Chi training significantly reduced the symptoms of sarcopenia through the changes in body composition and physical performance, and improvements in cytokine-related mechanisms of apoptosis.
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Valladares-Ide D, Bravo MJ, Carvajal A, Araneda OF, Tuesta M, Reyes A, Peñailillo R, Peñailillo L. Changes in pulmonary and plasma oxidative stress and inflammation following eccentric and concentric cycling in stable COPD patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1677-1688. [PMID: 33675423 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare pulmonary and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation after concentric and eccentric cycling bouts in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Ten patients with moderate COPD level (68.3 ± 9.1 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s = 68.6 ± 20.4% of predicted) performed 30 min of moderate-intensity concentric (CONC-M: 50% maximum concentric cycling power output; POmax) and eccentric cycling (ECC-M: 50% POmax), and high-intensity eccentric cycling (ECC-H: 100% POmax) in a randomised order. Cardiometabolic demand was monitored during cycling. Indirect markers of muscle damage were assessed before, immediately after, 24 and 48 h after cycling (muscle strength, muscle soreness and creatine kinase activity). Plasma oxidative stress (malondialdehyde: MDA), antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase activity: GPx) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) were measured before and 5 min after cycling. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected before and 15 min after cycling and analysed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrites (NO2-) and pH. RESULTS Cardiometabolic demand was 40-50% lesser for ECC-M than CONC-M and ECC-H. Greater muscle damage was induced after ECC-H than ECC-M and CONC-M. MDA decreased immediately after CONC-M (- 28%), ECC-M (- 14%), and ECC-H (- 17%), while GPx remained unchanged. IL-6 increased only after ECC-H (28%), while TNF-α remained unchanged after exercise. Pulmonary H2O2, NO2- and pH remained unchanged after exercise. CONCLUSION These results suggest that only moderate muscle damage and inflammation were induced after high-intensity eccentric cycling, which did not induce pulmonary or plasmatic increases in markers of oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Trial registration number: DRKS00009755.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria José Bravo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar F Araneda
- Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiologia del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Tuesta
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad Andres Bello, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Alvaro Reyes
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad Andres Bello, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Reyna Peñailillo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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