1
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Pérez S, Miró MV, Verna A, Altamiranda EG, Barcos O, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Ivermectin antiviral activity against Varicellovirus bovinealpha 1: assessment of intracellular drug accumulation in virus-infected cells. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:78. [PMID: 38277061 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Varicellovirus bovinealpha 1 (formerly bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1, BoAHV-1) is associated with several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and is one of the main agents involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Its infectious cycle is characterized by latent infections with sporadic virus reactivation and transmission. Although the acute disease can be prevented by the use of vaccines, specific therapeutic measures are not available. Ivermectin (IVM) is a semi-synthetic avermectin with a broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity, which has previously shown to have potential as an antiviral drug. In this study, IVM antiviral activity against BoAHV-1 was characterized in two cell lines (MDBK [Madin Darby bovine kidney] and BT [bovine turbinate]), including the measurement of intracellular drug accumulation within virus-infected cells. IVM antiviral activity was assessed at three different drug concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 µM) after incubation for 24, 48 and 72 h. Slight cytotoxicity was only observed with 5 µM IVM. Even the lowest IVM dose was able to induce a significant reduction in virus titers in both cell lines. These findings indicate that the antiviral effects of IVM were evident in our experimental model within the range of concentrations achievable through therapeutic in vivo administration. Consequently, additional in vivo trials are necessary to validate the potential utility of these results in effectively managing BoAHV-1 in infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verna
- Laboratorio de Virología, Área de Producción Animal, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA- CONICET), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73,5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Erika Gonzalez Altamiranda
- Laboratorio de Virología, Área de Producción Animal, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA- CONICET), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73,5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, 7620, Argentina
| | - Oscar Barcos
- Laboratorio Colón, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Hodel K, Fonseca A, Barbosa I, Medina C, Alves B, Maciel C, Nascimento D, Oliveira-Junior G, Pedreira L, de Souza M, Godoy AL. Obesity and its Relationship with Covid-19: A Review of the Main Pharmaceutical Aspects. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1651-1663. [PMID: 38258769 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010264503231108070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Important physiological changes are observed in patients with obesity, such as intestinal permeability, gastric emptying, cardiac output, and hepatic and renal function. These differences can determine variations in the pharmacokinetics of different drugs and can generate different concentrations at the site of action, which can lead to sub therapeutic or toxic concentrations. Understanding the physiological and immunological processes that lead to the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is essential to correlate obesity as a risk factor for increasing the prevalence, severity, and lethality of the disease. Several drugs have been suggested to control COVID- 19 like Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, Remdesivir, Oseltamivir, Oseltamivir phosphate, Oseltamivir carboxylate, Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Azithromycin, Teicoplanin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Ciclesonide and Ivermectin. Similarly, these differences between healthy people and obese people can be correlated to mechanical factors, such as insufficient doses of the vaccine for high body mass, impairing the absorption and distribution of the vaccine that will be lower than desired or can be linked to the inflammatory state in obese patients, which can influence the humoral immune response. Additionally, different aspects make the obese population more prone to persistent symptoms of the disease (long COVID), which makes understanding these mechanisms fundamental to addressing the implications of the disease. Thus, this review provides an overview of the relationship between COVID-19 and obesity, considering aspects related to pharmacokinetics, immunosuppression, immunization, and possible implications of long COVID in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Hodel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ananda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Islania Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caio Medina
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Brenda Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carine Maciel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel Nascimento
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gessualdo Oliveira-Junior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lorena Pedreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Monielly de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ana Leonor Godoy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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3
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Veiga-Matos J, Morales AI, Prieto M, Remião F, Silva R. Study Models of Drug-Drug Interactions Involving P-Glycoprotein: The Potential Benefit of P-Glycoprotein Modulation at the Kidney and Intestinal Levels. Molecules 2023; 28:7532. [PMID: 38005253 PMCID: PMC10673607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a crucial membrane transporter situated on the cell's apical surface, being responsible for eliminating xenobiotics and endobiotics. P-gp modulators are compounds that can directly or indirectly affect this protein, leading to changes in its expression and function. These modulators can act as inhibitors, inducers, or activators, potentially causing drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This comprehensive review explores diverse models and techniques used to assess drug-induced P-gp modulation. We cover several approaches, including in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methods, with their respective strengths and limitations. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of DDIs involving P-gp, with a special focus on the renal and intestinal elimination of P-gp substrates. This involves enhancing the removal of toxic substances from proximal tubular epithelial cells into the urine or increasing the transport of compounds from enterocytes into the intestinal lumen, thereby facilitating their excretion in the feces. A better understanding of these interactions, and of the distinct techniques applied for their study, will be of utmost importance for optimizing drug therapy, consequently minimizing drug-induced adverse and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Veiga-Matos
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Toxicology Unit (Universidad de Salamanca), Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana I. Morales
- Toxicology Unit (Universidad de Salamanca), Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Prieto
- Toxicology Unit (Universidad de Salamanca), Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Cantón G, Urtizbiría F, Lloberas MM, Morrell E, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Iatrogenic doramectin overdosing causes toxicity in sheep: A case report. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100722. [PMID: 35431078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones are widely used endectocides in ruminants, with a high margin of safety for labeled indications. No previous report of iatrogenic doramectin overdosing has been published. We report an outbreak in a sheep flock in Northeast Patagonia, Argentina. Toxicity signs were observed in more than 10% and 59% of ewes and lambs, respectively, particularly those with low body condition, treated with doramectin 3.5% long-acting injectable formulation, presumably at the indicated dose of 700 μg/kg. Clinical signs included lethargy, mydriasis and coma. Doramectin concentration in blood samples was 826.8 (±119.3) ng/ml. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and liver doramectin concentration in euthanized lambs were 3.26-4.28 ng/ml and 8506-8772 ng/g, respectively. Epidemiological and clinical information, and high doramectin concentration were sufficient to confirm the neurotoxicity. Scarce fat deposition could have altered doramectin pharmacokinetic which may have accounted for the observed neurotoxicity. Special care should be taken when animals under similar nutritional conditions are treated with macrocyclic lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cantón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Facundo Urtizbiría
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Mercedes Lloberas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eleonora Morrell
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, B7000GHG, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, B7000GHG, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Lalan M, Shah P, Kadam R, Patel H. Amalgam of ternary solid dispersion and P-gp efflux inhibition in development of colon-targeted tablets of rifaximin. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_21_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Chen LP, Xing XJ, Kang KL, Yang WY, Luo L, Wu YJ. Why are Drosophila larvae more sensitive to avermectin than adults? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109197. [PMID: 34601086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The insects have different physiological and morphological characteristics in various developmental stages. The difference in the characteristics may be related to the different sensitivity of insects to insecticides. In avermectin resistant strain screening assay, we found that the Drosophila larvae displayed a higher sensitivity to the insecticidal effect of avermectin, compared with adults. In this study, we found that the Drosophila larvae have relatively thicker chitin layer, faster avermectin metabolism and lower P-glycoprotein (P-gp) level, when compared with the adults. Besides, the expression levels of the molecular targets of avermectin, glutamate-gated chloride channel and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, are lower in the larval stage than the adult. These results suggested that lower P-gp level in the body especially in brain may be the major reason for the higher sensitivity of Drosophila larvae to the insecticide. In summary, these results shed new light on the concept that different developmental stages of insects display different sensitivity to the same insecticide, which also provided a physiological explanation of the relevant mechanism of the difference of sensitivity of insect at its larval and adult stages to insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jie Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Lai Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Weng HJ, Tsai TF. ABCB1 in dermatology: roles in skin diseases and their treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1527-1538. [PMID: 34370042 PMCID: PMC8350552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), also known as permeability glycoprotein, multidrug-resistant protein 1, or cluster of differentiation 243 (CD243), is a crucial protein for purging foreign substances from cells. The functions of ABCB1 have been investigated extensively for their roles in cancer, stem cells, and drug resistance. Abundant pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted on ABCB1 and its association with treatment responsiveness to various agents, particularly chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory agents. However, its functions in the skin and implications on dermatotherapeutics are far less reported. In this article, we reviewed the roles of ABCB1 in dermatology. ABCB1 is expressed in the skin and its appendages during drug delivery and transport. It is associated with treatment responsiveness to various agents, including topical steroids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, azathioprine, antihistamines, antifungal agents, colchicine, tacrolimus, ivermectin, tetracycline, retinoid acids, and biologic agents. Moreover, genetic variation in ABCB1 is associated with the pathogenesis of several dermatoses, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, bullous pemphigoid, Behçet disease, and lichen planus. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the roles of ABCB1 in dermatology and the possibility of enhancing therapeutic efficacy through ABCB1 manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - T F Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhang D, Wei C, Hop CECA, Wright MR, Hu M, Lai Y, Khojasteh SC, Humphreys WG. Intestinal Excretion, Intestinal Recirculation, and Renal Tubule Reabsorption Are Underappreciated Mechanisms That Drive the Distribution and Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Small Molecule Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7045-7059. [PMID: 34010555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug reabsorption following biliary excretion is well-known as enterohepatic recirculation (EHR). Renal tubular reabsorption (RTR) following renal excretion is also common but not easily assessed. Intestinal excretion (IE) and enteroenteric recirculation (EER) have not been recognized as common disposition mechanisms for metabolically stable and permeable drugs. IE and intestinal reabsorption (IR:EHR/EER), as well as RTR, are governed by dug concentration gradients, passive diffusion, active transport, and metabolism, and together they markedly impact disposition and pharmacokinetics (PK) of small molecule drugs. Disruption of IE, IR, or RTR through applications of active charcoal (AC), transporter knockout (KO), and transporter inhibitors can lead to changes in PK parameters. The impacts of intestinal and renal reabsorption on PK are under-appreciated. Although IE and EER/RTR can be an intrinsic drug property, there is no apparent strategy to optimize compounds based on this property. This review seeks to improve understanding and applications of IE, IR, and RTR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew R Wright
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - W Griff Humphreys
- Aranmore Pharma Consulting, 11 Andrew Drive, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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9
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Priyadarshini S, Arunkumar E, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Predicting human glucose response curve using an engineered small intestine system in combination with mathematical modeling. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Gerhard AP, Krücken J, Neveu C, Charvet CL, Harmache A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Pharyngeal Pumping and Tissue-Specific Transgenic P-Glycoprotein Expression Influence Macrocyclic Lactone Susceptibility in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:153. [PMID: 33668460 PMCID: PMC7917992 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are widely used drugs to treat and prevent parasitic nematode infections. In many nematode species including a major pathogen of foals, Parascaris univalens, resistance against MLs is widespread, but the underlying resistance mechanisms and ML penetration routes into nematodes remain unknown. Here, we examined how the P-glycoprotein efflux pumps, candidate genes for ML resistance, can modulate drug susceptibility and investigated the role of active drug ingestion for ML susceptibility in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Wildtype or transgenic worms, modified to overexpress P. univalens PGP-9 (Pun-PGP-9) at the intestine or epidermis, were incubated with ivermectin or moxidectin in the presence (bacteria or serotonin) or absence (no specific stimulus) of pharyngeal pumping (PP). Active drug ingestion by PP was identified as an important factor for ivermectin susceptibility, while moxidectin susceptibility was only moderately affected. Intestinal Pun-PGP-9 expression elicited a protective effect against ivermectin and moxidectin only in the presence of PP stimulation. Conversely, epidermal Pun-PGP-9 expression protected against moxidectin regardless of PP and against ivermectin only in the absence of active drug ingestion. Our results demonstrate the role of active drug ingestion by nematodes for susceptibility and provide functional evidence for the contribution of P-glycoproteins to ML resistance in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Gerhard
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.P.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.P.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Cedric Neveu
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.N.); (C.L.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Claude L. Charvet
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.N.); (C.L.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdallah Harmache
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.N.); (C.L.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.P.G.); (J.K.)
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11
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Miró MV, Luque S, Cardozo P, Lloberas M, Sousa DM, Soares AMS, Costa-Junior LM, Virkel GL, Lifschitz AL. Plant-Derived Compounds as a Tool for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes: Modulation of Abamectin Pharmacological Action by Carvone. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:601750. [PMID: 33392294 PMCID: PMC7772935 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.601750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of synthetic anthelmintics and bioactive phytochemicals may be a pharmacological tool for improving nematode control in livestock. Carvone (R-CNE) has shown in vitro activity against gastrointestinal nematodes; however, the anthelmintic effect of bioactive phytochemicals either alone or combined with synthetic drugs has been little explored in vivo. Here, the pharmacological interaction of abamectin (ABM) and R-CNE was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of this combination was evaluated in lambs naturally infected with resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. Additionally, the ligand and molecular docking of both molecules to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was studied in silico. The presence of R-CNE produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase of Rho123 and ABM accumulation in the intestinal explants. After 60 min of incubation, Rho123 incubated with R-CNE had a 67 ± 21% higher concentration (p < 0.01) than when it was incubated alone. In the case of ABM, a significant increase in the intestinal concentrations was observed at 15 and 30 min after incubation with R-CNE. In the in vivo assay, no undesirable effects were observed after the oral administration of R-CNE. The coadministration of the natural compound prolonged ABM absorption in lambs. ABM T½ absorption was 1.57-fold longer (p < 0.05) in the coadministered group. Concentrations of R-CNE between 420 and 2,593 ng/mL were detected in the bloodstream between 1 and 48 h posttreatment. The in vivo efficacy of ABM against gastrointestinal nematodes increased from 94.9 to 99.8% in the presence of R-CNE, with the lower confidence interval limit being >90%. In vitro/in vivo pharmacoparasitological studies are relevant for the knowledge of the interactions and the efficacy of bioactive natural products combined with synthetic anthelmintics. While ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) predictions and the molecular docking study showed a good interaction between ABM and P-gp, R-CNE does not appear to modulate this efflux protein. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic effect of R-CNE on ABM should be attributed to its effect on membrane permeability. The development of pharmacology-based information is critical for the design of successful strategies for the parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Miró
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - S Luque
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - M Lloberas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - D M Sousa
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - A M S Soares
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - L M Costa-Junior
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - G L Virkel
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian L Lifschitz
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
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12
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Elazab ST, Hsu WH. Effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:397-405. [PMID: 33070345 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the influence of verapamil-mediated inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM) given orally and subcutaneously (SC) to rabbits. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were allotted to 4 groups (n = 5) and received IVM either orally or SC (0.4 mg/kg) alone or co-administered with verapamil (2 mg/kg SC, 3 times at a 12-hr interval). Plasma, fecal, and urine samples were collected over 30 days after medication to assess IVM concentrations in these samples. No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of IVM between oral and SC administrations. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was higher (p < .05) after IVM (oral)/verapamil treatment, compared with oral IVM alone. Moreover, the time to the Cmax of IVM was shorter (p < .05), whereas the elimination half-life and the mean residence time were longer (p < .05) in the presence of verapamil. The IVM/verapamil combination administered orally or SC reduced fecal IVM concentrations, compared with IVM alone. In conclusion, the significant changes by verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of IVM, likely due to the inhibition of a P-gp-mediated intestinal secretion, may change IVM's antinematodal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Gotardo AT, Fonseca RL, Barreto F, Tomaszewski CA, Barnet LS, Castilho T, Górniak SL. The effect of breed, sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:477-484. [PMID: 32270537 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide and has become the drug of choice for anthelmintic and tick treatment in beef cattle production. It is known that pharmacokinetic parameters are fundamental to the rational use of a drug and food safety and these parameters are influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IVM in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbreed cattle (B. indicus × B. taurus) kept under same field conditions and the possible impacts of sex and IVM formulation (1% and 3.15%). It was observed that IVM concentration was significantly affected by breed. The plasma concentrations of IVM, AUC, Cmax , and t1/2β were significantly higher in B. indicus compared to B. taurus. Crossbreed animals showed an intermediate profile between European and Indian cattle. No alteration in pharmacokinetics parameters was detected when comparing different gender. Concerning the pharmacokinetic data of IVM formulation, it was verified that Tmax , AUC, and t1/2β were higher in 3.15% IVM animals than those from 1% IVM formulation. The results clearly indicated that the IVM plasma concentrations in B. indicus were higher than that in B. taurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tadeu Gotardo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lanzelloti Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA-RS), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Andrade Tomaszewski
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA-RS), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Suchecki Barnet
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA-RS), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamara Castilho
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária (LFDA-RS), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Lima Górniak
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Cheng M, Yuan F, Liu J, Liu W, Feng J, Jin Y, Tu L. Fabrication of Fine Puerarin Nanocrystals by Box-Behnken Design to Enhance Intestinal Absorption. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:90. [PMID: 32060654 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is widely used as a therapeutic agent to cardiovascular diseases in clinics in China through intravenous administration, which could elicit adverse drug reactions caused by cosolvents, hindering its application in clinics. Therefore, the development of oral dosage is urgently needed. In our previous studies, we proved that the bioavailability of puerarin increased as particle sizes of nanocrystals decreased; however, we have not optimized the best process parameters for nanocrystals. In this study, we aim to fabricate fine nanocrystals (with smallest particle size) by Box-Behnken design and study the intestinal permeability of puerarin and its nanocrystals via employing everted gut sac model and in situ perfusion model. The results showed that the Box-Behnken design could be used to optimize the producing parameters of puerarin nanocrystals, and the particle sizes of fine nanocrystals were about 20 nm. Results of everted gut sacs showed that the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and verapamil had no influence on the absorption of puerarin and nanocrystals, and the nanocrystals could increase the Papp of puerarin for 2.2-, 2.9-, and 2.9-folds, respectively, in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Enhanced Ka and Peff were observed on the nanocrystal group, compared with puerarin, and PVP and verapamil had no influence on the absorption of nanocrystals, while the absorption of puerarin was influenced by P-gp efflux. Combining the results mentioned above, we can conclude that the Box-Behnken design benefits the optimization for preparation of nanocrystals, and the nanocrystals could enhance the intestinal absorption of puerarin by enhanced permeability and inhibited P-gp efflux.
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Radi AM, Mohammed ET, Abushouk AI, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. The effects of abamectin on oxidative stress and gene expression in rat liver and brain tissues: Modulation by sesame oil and ascorbic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134882. [PMID: 31739238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to assess the modulatory effects of sesame oil (SO) and ascorbic acid (AA) on abamectin (ABM)-induced oxidative stress and altered gene expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP-2E1), p38 MAPK, and caspase-3 and cerebral P-glycoprotein (Abcb1a receptor). Male rats were distributed into five groups (6 rats/group), receiving distilled water, ABM 2 mg/kg bwt 1/5 LD50 orally for 5 days, ABM + AA 100 mg/kg bwt orally, ABM + SO 5 ml/kg bwt orally, or ABM + SO + AA at the aforementioned doses. Nineteen compounds were identified in the SO sample by GC-MS analysis, including tetradecane,2,6,10-trimethyl, octadecane, 1-hexadecanol,2-methyl, and octadecane,6-methyl. Abamectin significantly upregulated the hepatic CYP-2E1 expression with excess generation of oxidative radicals, as evident by the significant depletion of reduced glutathione and elevation of malondialdehyde concentration (p ≤ 0.05) in rat liver and brain tissues. Further, ABM significantly increased TNF-α concentration, the expression of caspase-3 and p38 MAPK in the liver, as well as p-glycoprotein and GABA-A receptor in the brain. These results were in line with the observed histopathological changes. Sesame oil and/or AA supplementation alleviated ABM-induced cell damage by modulating all tested parameters. In conclusion, ABM induces oxidative stress and increases the expression of CYP-2E1, caspase-3, and p38 MAPK in the liver, as well as P-gp and GABA-A receptor in the brain. These effects could be ameliorated by SO and AA, alone and in combination, probably due to their anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and gene-regulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Radi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62515, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mohammed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62515, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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Mandro M, Siewe Fodjo JN, Mukendi D, Dusabimana A, Menon S, Haesendonckx S, Lokonda R, Nakato S, Nyisi F, Abhafule G, Wonya’Rossi D, Jakwong JM, Suykerbuyk P, Meganck J, Hotterbeekx A, Colebunders R. Ivermectin as an adjuvant to anti-epileptic treatment in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: A randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007966. [PMID: 31923177 PMCID: PMC6977765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent findings from onchocerciasis-endemic foci uphold that increasing ivermectin coverage reduces the epilepsy incidence, and anecdotal evidence suggests seizure frequency reduction in persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy, when treated with ivermectin. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to assess whether ivermectin treatment decreases seizure frequency. METHODS A proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Logo health zone in the Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo, to compare seizure frequencies in onchocerciasis-infected persons with epilepsy (PWE) randomized to one of two treatment arms: the anti-epileptic drug phenobarbital supplemented with ivermectin, versus phenobarbital alone. The primary endpoint was defined as the probability of being seizure-free at month 4. A secondary endpoint was defined as >50% reduction in seizure frequency at month 4, compared to baseline. Both endpoints were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. In longitudinal analysis, the probability of seizure freedom during the follow-up period was assessed for both treatment arms by fitting a logistic regression model using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS Ninety PWE enrolled between October and November 2017 were eligible for analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed a borderline association between ivermectin treatment and being seizure-free at month 4 (OR: 1.652, 95% CI 0.975-2.799; p = 0.062). There was no significant difference in the probability of experiencing >50% reduction of the seizure frequency at month 4 between the two treatment arms. Also, treatment with ivermectin did not significantly increase the odds of being seizure-free during the individual follow-up visits. CONCLUSION Whether ivermectin has an added value in reducing the frequency of seizures in PWE treated with AED remains to be determined. A larger study in persons with OAE on a stable AED regimen and in persons with recent epilepsy onset should be considered to further investigate the potential beneficial effect of ivermectin treatment in persons with OAE. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03052998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mandro
- Provincial Ministry of Health, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Deby Mukendi
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Sonia Menon
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Lokonda
- Centre Neuro-Psycho Pathologique, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Swabra Nakato
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francoise Nyisi
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Germain Abhafule
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Tropicales de l'Ituri, Rethy, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Deogratias Wonya’Rossi
- Programme National de Lutte contre l’Onchocercose, Bunia, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Marie Jakwong
- Hôpital Général de Référence de Logo, Logo, Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jacques Meganck
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Borges DGL, de Araújo MA, Carollo CA, Carollo ARH, Lifschitz A, Conde MH, de Freitas MG, Santos Freire ZD, Tutija JF, Nakatani MTM, Borges FDA. Combination of quercetin and ivermectin: In vitro and in vivo effects against Haemonchus contortus. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105213. [PMID: 31600523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of quercetin combined with ivermectin (IVM) on Haemonchus contortus larvae and adults with different resistance profiles and demonstrate the in vivo anthelmintic action of this combination when used in sheep naturally infected. The effect of combination was evaluated based on the analysis of the mean effective concentration (EC50) obtained for larvae using the larval migration inhibition test and for adults using the motility test on females. The tests with larvae and adults were conducted using isolates with different degrees of susceptibility to IVM (sensitive, intermediate and highly resistant). The in vivo effect was evaluated based on the reduction in the egg count (FEC) and reduction in the count of adult helminths recovered after parasitological necropsy. Using the combination of quercetin with IVM, it was observed that in larvae, quercetin did not significantly reduce the EC50 for IVM in the sensitive and highly resistant isolates, but led to a significant reduction in the EC50 for IVM in the intermediate isolate. In adults, quercetin did not significantly reduce the EC50 for IVM in any of the isolates. No significant effect of the combination was found regarding the reduction in FEC or total count of parasites. The results of the in vitro and in vivo tests performed in the present study on quercetin activity underscore the importance of evaluating resistance-reversing agents among different stages of parasite development as well as among isolates with different resistance profiles. The action of quercetin combined with IVM on the motility of H. contortus larvae and adults was influenced by the degree of resistance and development stage of the parasite. The combination was effective only on intermediate resistant larvae. No action of the combination against adults was found. Moreover, this combination, when administered through the intra-abomasal route, was not effective at reducing the FEC and parasite load of naturally infected sheep.
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Ballent M, Canton C, Dominguez P, Bernat G, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of the ivermectin and abamectin nematodicidal interaction in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2019; 279:109010. [PMID: 32035291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a context of nematodicidal resistance, anthelmintic combinations have emerged as a reliable pharmacological strategy to control gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing systems of livestock production. The current work evaluated the potential drug-drug interactions following the coadministration of two macrocyclic lactones (ML) ivermectin (IVM) and abamectin (ABM) to parasitized cattle using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach. The kinetic behavior of both compounds administered either separately or coadministered was assessed and the therapeutic response of the combination was evaluated under different resistance scenarios. In the pharmacological trial, calves received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of IVM (100 μg/Kg); a single s.c. injection of ABM (100 μg/Kg) or IVM + ABM (50 μg/Kg each) administered in different injection sites to reach a final ML dose of 100 μg/Kg (Farm 1). Plasma samples were taken from those animals up to 20 days post-treatment. IVM and ABM plasma concentrations were quantified by HPLC. A parasitological trial was carried out in three farms with different status of nematodes resistance to IVM. Experimental animals received IVM (200 μg/Kg), ABM (200 μg/Kg) or IVM + ABM (100 μg/Kg each) in Farm 2, and IVM + ABM (200 μg/Kg each) in Farms 3 and 4. The anthelmintic efficacy was determined by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). PK analysis showed similar trends for IVM kinetic behavior after coadministration with ABM. Conversely, the ABM elimination half-life was prolonged and the systemic exposure during the elimination phase was increased in the presence of IVM. Although IVM alone failed to control Cooperia spp., the combination IVM + ABM was the only treatment that achieved an efficacy higher than 95% against resistant Cooperia spp. in all farms. In fact, when Cooperia spp. was the main genus within the nematode population and Haemonchus spp. was susceptible or slightly resistant to ML (Farms 2 and 4), the total FECR for the combination IVM + ABM was higher than 90%. Instead, when the predominant nematode genus was a highly resistant Haemonchus spp. (Farm 3), the total FECR after the combined treatment was as low as the single treatments. Therefore, the rational use of these pharmacological tools should be mainly based on the knowledge of the epidemiology and the nematode susceptibility status in each cattle farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - C Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Bernat
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
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Virkel G, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1251-1269. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dey TK, Koley H, Ghosh M, Dey S, Dhar P. Effects of nano-sizing on lipid bioaccessibility and ex vivo bioavailability from EPA-DHA rich oil in water nanoemulsion. Food Chem 2019; 275:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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In Vitro and In Vivo Drug-Drug Interaction Study of the Effects of Ivermectin and Oxantel Pamoate on Tribendimidine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.00762-18. [PMID: 30323047 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00762-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections still remain a major health problem in poor rural settings. The lack of efficacious drugs against all STH species raises interest in drug combinations. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are, however, of major concern, so careful in vitro and in vivo characterization is needed. The combination of tribendimidine with either ivermectin or oxantel pamoate targets a broad range of STHs and thus represents a promising treatment alternative. Drug-drug interactions, however, have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the effects of combinations of ivermectin, oxantel pamoate, and tribendimidine's active metabolite deacylated amidantel (dADT) on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism were evaluated, followed by a pharmacokinetic analysis of tribendimidine and ivermectin alone and in combination in healthy rats. Oxantel pamoate is only poorly absorbed and was therefore excluded from pharmacokinetic analysis. No evident effect was observed for tribendimidine-oxantel pamoate at the CYP450 metabolism level, whereas a combination of tribendimidine and ivermectin led to moderately increased CYP2D6 inhibition compared to ivermectin or tribendimidine alone. Coadministration of tribendimidine with ivermectin altered neither the time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma (T max) nor the elimination half-lives of dADT, the acetylated derivative of amidantel (adADT), and ivermectin. While the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration of drug in plasma (C max) values of dADT, adADT, and ivermectin are reduced by coadministration, the change is insufficient to declare that a DDI has been detected. Further studies are necessary to understand the observed interaction of tribendimidine and ivermectin, which is not related to P450 metabolism, and its significance for the situation in humans.
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Ballent M, Maté ML, Dominguez P, Virkel G, Albérich M, Lespine A, Lanusse C, Lifschitz AL. Assessment of the long-acting ivermectin formulation in sheep: Further insight into potential pharmacokinetic interactions. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:189-196. [PMID: 30520071 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetic of ivermectin (IVM) after the administration of a long-acting (LA) formulation to sheep and its impact on potential drug-drug interactions. The work included the evaluation of the comparative plasma profiles of IVM administered at a single therapeutic dose (200 μg/kg) and as LA formulation at 630 μg/kg. Additionally, IVM was measured in different gastrointestinal tissues at 15 days posttreatment with both IVM formulations. The impact of the long-lasting and enhanced IVM exposure on the disposition kinetics of abamectin (ABM) was also assessed. Plasma (IVM and ABM) and gastrointestinal (IVM) concentrations were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescent detection. In plasma, the calculated Cmax and AUC0-t values of the IVM-LA formulation were 1.47- and 3.35-fold higher compared with IVM 1% formulation, respectively. The T1/2ab and Tmax collected after administration of the LA formulation were 2- and 3.5-fold longer than those observed after administration of IVM 1% formulation, respectively. Significantly higher IVM concentrations were measured in the intestine mucosal tissues and luminal contents with the LA formulation, and in the liver, the increase was 7-fold higher than conventional formulation. There was no drug interaction between IVM and ABM after the single administration of ABM at 15 days post-administration of the IVM LA formulation. The characterization of the kinetic behavior of the LA formulation to sheep and its potential influence on drug-drug interactions is a further contribution to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Maté
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Paula Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Melanie Albérich
- INTHERES, Innovation Therapeutic and Resistance, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lespine
- INTHERES, Innovation Therapeutic and Resistance, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian Luis Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Ashmawy SM, El-Gizawy SA, El Maghraby GM, Osman MA. Regional difference in intestinal drug absorption as a measure for the potential effect of P-glycoprotein efflux transporters. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:362-370. [PMID: 30362574 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to assess regional difference in the intestinal absorption of ranitidine HCl as an indicator for the potential effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporters. METHODS In situ rabbit intestinal perfusion was used to investigate absorption of ranitidine HCl, a substrate for P-gp efflux from duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. This was conducted both in the presence and absence of piperine as P-gp inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS Ranitidine HCl was incompletely absorbed from rabbit intestine. The length normalized absorptive clearance (PeA/L) of ranitidine HCl was ranked as colon > duodenum > jejunum > ileum. This is the reverse order of the magnitude of P-gp expression. Coperfusion of piperine with ranitidine HCl significantly increased the PeA/L of ranitidine HCl from jejunum and ileum with no significant change on the absorption from duodenum and colon. This was confirmed by significant reduction in the length required for complete ranitidine HCl absorption from jejunum and ileum in presence piperine. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that P-gp transporters play a major role in determining regional difference in intestinal absorption of ranitidine HCl. Thus, the regional absorption of drugs may be taken as an indirect indication for the role of P-gp in intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Ashmawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Lanusse C, Canton C, Virkel G, Alvarez L, Costa-Junior L, Lifschitz A. Strategies to Optimize the Efficacy of Anthelmintic Drugs in Ruminants. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:664-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Peachey LE, Pinchbeck GL, Matthews JB, Burden FA, Lespine A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Krücken J, Hodgkinson JE. P-glycoproteins play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 7:388-398. [PMID: 29121562 PMCID: PMC5681340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is a global problem that threatens sustainable control of the equine gastrointestinal cyathostomins (Phylum Nematoda; Superfamily Strongyloidea). Of the three novel anthelmintic classes that have reached the veterinary market in the last decade, none are currently licenced in horses, hence current control regimens focus on prolonging the useful lifespan of licenced anthelmintics. This approach would be facilitated by knowledge of the resistance mechanisms to the most widely used anthelmintics, the macrocyclic lactones (ML). There are no data regarding resistance mechanisms to MLs in cyathostomins, although in other parasitic nematodes, the ABC transporters, P-glycoproteins (P-gps), have been implicated in playing an important role. Here, we tested the hypothesis that P-gps are, at least in part, responsible for reduced sensitivity to the ML ivermectin (IVM) in cyathostomins; first, by measuring transcript levels of pgp-9 in IVM resistant versus IVM sensitive third stage larvae (L3) pre-and post-IVM exposure in vitro. We then tested the effect of a range of P-gp inhibitors on the effect of IVM against the same populations of L3 using the in vitro larval development test (LDT) and larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). We demonstrated that, not only was pgp-9 transcription significantly increased in IVM resistant compared to IVM sensitive L3 after anthelmintic exposure (p < 0.001), but inhibition of P-gp activity significantly increased sensitivity of the larvae to IVM in vitro, an effect only observed in the IVM resistant larvae in the LMIT. These data strongly implicate a role for P-gps in IVM resistance in cyathostomins. Importantly, this raises the possibility that P-gp inhibitor-IVM combination treatments might be used in vivo to increase the effectiveness of IVM against cyathostomins in Equidae. Pgp-9 transcript levels were higher in ivermectin resistant versus susceptible cyathostomin populations. P-gp inhibitors increased ivermectin effect against cyathostomins in vitro. P-gp activity may play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Peachey
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - G L Pinchbeck
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J B Matthews
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - F A Burden
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - A Lespine
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J E Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Kigen G, Edwards G. Drug-transporter mediated interactions between anthelminthic and antiretroviral drugs across the Caco-2 cell monolayers. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28468637 PMCID: PMC5415745 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and anthelminthic drugs, ivermectin (IVM) and praziquantel (PZQ) were assessed by investigating their permeation through the Caco-2 cell monolayers in a transwell. The impact of anthelminthics on the transport of ARVs was determined by assessing the apical to basolateral (AP → BL) [passive] and basolateral to apical (BL → AP) [efflux] directions alone, and in presence of an anthelminthic. The reverse was conducted for the assessment of the influence of ARVs on anthelminthics. METHODS Samples from the AP and BL compartments were taken at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min and quantified either by HPLC or radiolabeled assay using a liquid scintillating counter for the respective drugs. Transepithelial resistance (TEER) was used to assess the integrity of the monolayers. The amount of compound transported per second (apparent permeability, Papp) was calculated for both AP to BL (PappAtoB), and BL to AP (PappBtoA) movements. Samples collected after 60 min were used to determine the efflux ratio (ER), quotient of secretory permeability and absorptive permeability (PappBL-AP/PappAP-BL). The reverse, (PappAP-BL/PappBL-AP) constituted the uptake ratio. The impact of SQV, EFV and NVP on the transport of both IVM and PZQ were investigated. The effect of LPV on the transport of IVM was also determined. The influence of IVM on the transport of SQV, NVP, LPV and EFV; as well as the effect PZQ on the transport of SQV of was also investigated, and a two-tailed p value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS IVM significantly inhibited the efflux transport (BL → AP movement) of LPV (ER; 6.7 vs. 0.8, p = 0.0038) and SQV (ER; 3.1 vs. 1.2 p = 0.00328); and increased the efflux transport of EFV (ER; 0.7 vs. 0.9, p = 0.031) suggesting the possibility of drug transporter mediated interactions between the two drugs. NVP increased the efflux transport of IVM (ER; 0.8 vs. 1.8, p = 0.0094). CONCLUSIONS The study provides in vitro evidence of potential interactions between IVM, an anthelminthic drug with antiretroviral drugs; LPV, SQV, NVP and EFV. Further investigations should be conducted to investigate the possibility of in vivo interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE UK
| | - Geoffrey Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE UK
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Liu H, Tu L, Zhou Y, Dang Z, Wang L, Du J, Feng J, Hu K. Improved Bioavailability and Antitumor Effect of Docetaxel by TPGS Modified Proniosomes: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43372. [PMID: 28266539 PMCID: PMC5339906 DOI: 10.1038/srep43372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel oral drug delivery system, TPGS modified docetaxel proniosomes (DTX-TPGS-PNs), was designed to enhance the oral bioavailability and antitumor efficiency of the poorly water-soluble drug docetaxel. DTX-TPGS-PN niosomes were 93 ± 6.5 nm in size, -18.53 ± 1.65 mV in zeta potential and exhibited spherical morphology, with an encapsulation efficiency of 97.31 ± 0.60%. The system showed sustained release in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. The results of caco-2 monolayer, everted gut sac model and improved single-pass intestinal perfusion model transport studies showed that DTX-TPGS-PN niosomes could significantly improve the absorption of DTX. The pharmacokinetics study suggested the absolute bioavailability of DTX-TPGS-PN niosomes were 7.3 times that of DTX solution. In addition, a higher antitumor efficacy than DTX solution was demonstrated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice model in vivo. Our results demonstrated DTX-TPGS-PN is promising in enhancing the bioavailability and efficiency of poorly water-soluble drug DTX, and the potential of proniosomes as stable precursors for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Liu
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefang Dang
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Luting Wang
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Du
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Hu
- Murad Research Center for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Efficacy of sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) pellets against multi resistant Haemonchus contortus and interaction with oral ivermectin: Implications for on-farm control. Vet Parasitol 2016; 227:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lanusse CE, Alvarez LI, Lifschitz AL. Gaining Insights Into the Pharmacology of Anthelmintics Using Haemonchus contortus as a Model Nematode. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:465-518. [PMID: 27238011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progress made in understanding pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drug action/resistance has allowed deep insights into the pharmacology of the main chemical classes, including some of the few recently discovered anthelmintics. The integration of pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has contributed considerably to the optimization of drug activity, which is relevant to preserve existing and novel active compounds for parasite control in livestock. A remarkable amount of pharmacology-based knowledge has been generated using the sheep abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus as a model. Relevant fundamental information on the relationship among drug influx/efflux balance (accumulation), biotransformation/detoxification and pharmacological effects in parasitic nematodes for the most traditional anthelmintic chemical families has been obtained by exploiting the advantages of working with H. contortus under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental conditions. The scientific contributions to the pharmacology of anthelmintic drugs based on the use of H. contortus as a model nematode are summarized in the present chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - L I Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A L Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
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30
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Liang Y, Wang P, Liu D, Zhan J, Luo M, Han J, Jing X, Yao G, Zhou Z. The enantioselective metabolic mechanism of quizalofop-ethyl and quizalofop-acid enantiomers in animal: protein binding, intestinal absorption, and in vitro metabolism in plasma and the microsome. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of protein binding (pepsin, trypsin and serum albumin), intestinal absorption (everted gut sac), and degradation (plasma, liver microsome and cytosol) on the enantioselectivity of quizalofop-ethyl in animals were studiedin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Mai Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Jiajun Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Xu Jing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Guojun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
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Surampalli G, Nanjwade BK, Patil PA. Comprehensive cytotoxic evaluation of morin, a bioflavonoid against verapamil on rat gastrointestinal epithelium for novel pharmaceutical application involving P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1083-99. [PMID: 25864533 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, a comprehensive and comparative cytotoxic evaluation of morin against verapamil on rat intestinal epithelium as P-gp inhibitors through in-vitro gastrointestinal short-term toxicity assays involving permeability studies for safety evaluation was investigated. METHODS In this study, the effect of morin (1 mM or 10 mM) or verapamil (1 mM or 10 mM) or sodium deoxycholate (10 mM) was investigated on intestinal epithelium and isolated brush border membrane using biomarker assays. Cytotoxicity was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The nutrients transport was assessed using everted sacs studies. Paracellular permeability was measured using Lucifer yellow, followed by morphometric analysis of intestinal sacs. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that morin was effective in maintaining cell viability with no significant changes (P > 0.05) in the activity of intestinal brush border markers, membrane integrity and morphometric analysis as compared with control. On the contrary, dramatic (P < 0.01) changes were noticed in the release of membrane markers, cell viability and surface characteristics of intestinal segments when treated with verapamil or sodium deoxycholate as compared with control or morin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that morin is non-toxic to rat intestinal epithelium against verapamil demonstrating the potential use of bioflavonoid as safe and novel pharmaceutical adjuvant as P-gp inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Surampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Vaagdevi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Warangal, Telangana
| | | | - Paragouda A Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, International Medical Programme, USM-KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Kotze AC, Hunt PW, Skuce P, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Martin RJ, Sager H, Krücken J, Hodgkinson J, Lespine A, Jex AR, Gilleard JS, Beech RN, Wolstenholme AJ, Demeler J, Robertson AP, Charvet CL, Neveu C, Kaminsky R, Rufener L, Alberich M, Menez C, Prichard RK. Recent advances in candidate-gene and whole-genome approaches to the discovery of anthelmintic resistance markers and the description of drug/receptor interactions. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2014; 4:164-84. [PMID: 25516826 PMCID: PMC4266812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance has a great impact on livestock production systems worldwide, is an emerging concern in companion animal medicine, and represents a threat to our ongoing ability to control human soil-transmitted helminths. The Consortium for Anthelmintic Resistance and Susceptibility (CARS) provides a forum for scientists to meet and discuss the latest developments in the search for molecular markers of anthelmintic resistance. Such markers are important for detecting drug resistant worm populations, and indicating the likely impact of the resistance on drug efficacy. The molecular basis of resistance is also important for understanding how anthelmintics work, and how drug resistant populations arise. Changes to target receptors, drug efflux and other biological processes can be involved. This paper reports on the CARS group meeting held in August 2013 in Perth, Australia. The latest knowledge on the development of molecular markers for resistance to each of the principal classes of anthelmintics is reviewed. The molecular basis of resistance is best understood for the benzimidazole group of compounds, and we examine recent work to translate this knowledge into useful diagnostics for field use. We examine recent candidate-gene and whole-genome approaches to understanding anthelmintic resistance and identify markers. We also look at drug transporters in terms of providing both useful markers for resistance, as well as opportunities to overcome resistance through the targeting of the transporters themselves with inhibitors. Finally, we describe the tools available for the application of the newest high-throughput sequencing technologies to the study of anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Kotze
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Skuce
- Parasitology Division, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Richard J. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Heinz Sager
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Sante Animale, St. Aubin, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne Lespine
- INRA, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
| | - Aaron R. Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John S. Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robin N. Beech
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian J. Wolstenholme
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janina Demeler
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan P. Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Claude L. Charvet
- INRA, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Cedric Neveu
- INRA, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France
| | - Ronald Kaminsky
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Sante Animale, St. Aubin, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Rufener
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Sante Animale, St. Aubin, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Alberich
- INRA, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
| | - Cecile Menez
- INRA, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
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Ivermectin exposure leads to up-regulation of detoxification genes in vitro and in vivo in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:428-35. [PMID: 24998875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The biodisposition of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin in host and parasite is decisive for its efficacy and strongly depends on the efflux by ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters and on its biotransformation by cytochromes P450. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the ivermectin ability in modulating the expression of the most important genes involved in drug detoxification. Gene expression of ABC transporters and cytochromes was evaluated by RT-qPCR in murine hepatic and intestinal cell lines exposed to increasing ivermectin doses, and in liver and intestine of mice orally administered with single or repeated therapeutic doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg). Plasma, brain, liver and intestinal concentrations of ivermectin and its main metabolite were measured by HPLC in ivermectin-treated mice. In hepatocyte cell line, ivermectin up-regulated expression of Abcb1a, Abcb1b, Abcc2, Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10; while Abcb1a, Abcb1b, Abcg2, Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11 levels were induced in intestinal cell line. In mice, repeated administration of ivermectin induced the expression of Abcb1a, Abcc2, Cyp1a1 and Cyp2b10 in intestine while only Cyp3a11 was induced in liver. Compared with single administration, repeated ivermectin administration lowered plasma, liver and intestine drug concentration, while increasing main metabolite content in plasma and intestine. These findings can be regarded as a warning that repeated ivermectin exposure is able to induce detoxification systems in mammals that may lead to subtherapeutic drug concentration. This may also be an important consideration in the assessment of drug-drug interaction and toxicity for other ABC transporters and CYP450s substrates.
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Surampalli G, Nanjwade BK, Patil PA. Safety evaluation of naringenin upon experimental exposure on rat gastrointestinal epithelium for novel optimal drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:512-24. [PMID: 24937377 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.923957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of naringenin on the intestinal biochemical composition, function and histology for gastrointestinal toxicity since it has not yet been adequately exploited for safety through standard assays. METHODS Here, we describe naringenin (1 mM, 10 mM and 100 mM, respectively) or sodium deoxycholate (10 mM) effects on isolated brush border membrane from intestinal segments with single pass intestinal perfusion using lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and protein assays. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity studies. Everted gut sac studies were used for evaluating the transport of nutrients across the intestinal segments. Lucifer yellow was used for paracellular permeability, followed by histological changes and surface characteristic studies of intestinal sacs. RESULTS The results indicated no significant alterations with naringenin, although significant (p < 0.01) changes were noticed with sodium deoxycholate in the activity of the rat intestinal brush border associated enzymes such as LDH, followed by intact cell viability with marked decrease in the villi height of the intestinal segments. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that naringenin was harmless upon exposure to rat gastrointestinal epithelium, clearly demonstrating the potential use of naturally occurring bioflavonoid as safe and novel pharmaceutical adjuvant in oral dosage forms as P-gp inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Surampalli
- a Department of Pharmacology , Vaagdevi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Warangal , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Basavaraj K Nanjwade
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Omer Al-Mukhtar University , Tobruk , Libya , and
| | - P A Patil
- c Department of Pharmacology , USM-KLE University, International Medical Programme , Belgaum , Karnataka , India
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Lifschitz A, Ballent M, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Viviani P, Lanusse C. Accumulation of monepantel and its sulphone derivative in tissues of nematode location in sheep: pharmacokinetic support to its excellent nematodicidal activity. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:120-6. [PMID: 24647279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) are a new class of anthelmintic molecules active against a wide range of sheep gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes including those that are resistant to other anthelmintic families. The plasma disposition of monepantel (MNP) has been previously characterized in sheep. However, information on drug concentration profiles attained at tissues of parasite location is necessary to fully understand the pharmacological action of this novel compound. The current work aimed to study the relationship between the concentrations of MNP parent drug and its main metabolite monepantel sulphone (MNPSO₂), measured in the bloodstream and in different GI tissues of parasite location in sheep. Twenty two (22) uninfected healthy Romney Marsh lambs received MNP (Zolvix, Novartis Animal Health) orally administered at 2.5 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from six animals between 0 and 14 days post-treatment to characterize the drug/metabolite plasma disposition kinetics. Additionally, 16 lambs were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 96 h post-administration to assess the drug concentrations in the GI fluid contents and tissues. MNP and MNPSO₂ concentrations were determined by HPLC. MNP parent compound was rapidly oxidized into MNPSO₂. MNP systemic availability was significantly lower than that observed for MNPSO₂. The peak plasma concentrations were 15.1 (MNP) and 61.4 ng/ml (MNPSO₂). The MNPSO₂ to MNP plasma concentration profile ratio (values expressed in AUC) reached a value of 12. Markedly higher concentrations of MNP and MNPSO₂ were measured in both abomasal and duodenal fluid contents, and mucosal tissues compared to those recovered from the bloodstream. A great MNP availability was measured in the abomasal content with concentration values ranging between 2000 and 4000 ng/g during the first 48 h post-treatment. Interestingly, the metabolite MNPSO₂ was also recovered in abomasal content but its concentrations were significantly lower compared to MNP. The parent drug and its sulphone metabolite were detected in the different segments of the sheep intestine. MNPSO₂ concentrations in the different intestine sections sampled were significantly higher compared to those measured in the abomasum. Although MNP is metabolized to MNPSO₂ in the liver, the large concentrations of both anthelmintically active molecules recovered during the first 48 h post-treatment from the abomasum and small intestine may greatly contribute to the well-established pharmacological activity of MNP against GI nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - J Sallovitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Lifschitz A. Pharmacological knowledge and sustainable anthelmintic therapy in ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2013; 204:18-33. [PMID: 24315694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing concern for the development of anthelmintic resistance, the use of pharmacology-based information is critical to design successful strategies for the future of parasite control in livestock. Integrated evaluation of the available knowledge on pharmacological features is required to optimize the activity and to achieve sustainable use of the existing anthelmintic drugs. The assessment of the drug disposition in the host and the comprehension of the mechanisms of drug influx/efflux/detoxification in different target helminths, has signified a relevant progress on the understanding of the pharmacology of anthelmintic drugs in ruminant species. However, additional scientific knowledge on how to improve the use of available and novel molecules is required to avoid/delay resistance development. Different pharmacokinetic-based approaches to enhance parasite exposure and the use of mixtures of drugs from different chemical families have been proposed as valid strategies to delay the development of anthelmintic resistance. The rationale behind using drug combinations is based on the fact that individual worms may have a lower degree of resistance to a multiple component formulation (each chemical with different mode of action/resistance) compared to that observed when a single anthelmintic is used. However, the limited available information is unclear on the potential additive or synergistic effects occurring after co-administration of two (or more) drugs with different mode of action. This review article contributes to the topic with some pharmacology-based data emerging from the assessment of combined anthelmintic preparations. The activity against multi-drug-resistant isolates based on novel modes of action is a highly favorable element to judge the future of some of the recently developed anthelmintic compounds. More specific knowledge on the basic host-parasite kinetic behavior as well as a highly responsible use of those novel compounds will be necessary to secure their maximum lifespans. Overall, the outcome from integrated pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has greatly contributed to optimize drug activity, which seems relevant to preserve existing and particularly novel active ingredients as useful tools for parasite control in livestock animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Lespine A. Lipid-like properties and pharmacology of the anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1581-95. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.832200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ferri R, Todon e Silva A, Cabral D, Moreira N, Spinosa H, Bernardi M. Doramectin reduces sexual behavior and penile erection in male rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Feng Y, Hu Y, Cen J, Darshika KN, Fang W, Li Y, Huang W. HZ08 inhibits the multi-drug resistance on multiple sites as the substrate of p-glycoprotein. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 712:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lloberas M, Alvarez L, Entrocasso C, Virkel G, Ballent M, Mate L, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Comparative tissue pharmacokinetics and efficacy of moxidectin, abamectin and ivermectin in lambs infected with resistant nematodes: Impact of drug treatments on parasite P-glycoprotein expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2012; 3:20-7. [PMID: 24533290 PMCID: PMC3862411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The high level of resistance to the macrocyclic lactones has encouraged the search for strategies to optimize their potential as antiparasitic agents. There is a need for pharmaco-parasitological studies addressing the kinetic-dynamic differences between various macrocyclic lactones under standardized in vivo conditions. The current work evaluated the relationship among systemic drug exposure, target tissue availabilities and the pattern of drug accumulation within resistant Haemonchus contortus for moxidectin, abamectin and ivermectin. Drug concentrations in plasma, target tissues and parasites were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, the efficacy of the three molecules was evaluated in lambs infected with resistant nematodes by classical parasitological methods. Furthermore, the comparative determination of the level of expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp2) in H. contortus recovered from lambs treated with each drug was performed by real time PCR. A longer persistence of moxidectin (P < 0.05) concentrations in plasma was observed. The concentrations of the three compounds in the mucosal tissue and digestive contents were significant higher than those measured in plasma. Drug concentrations were in a range between 452 ng/g (0.5 day post-treatment) and 32 ng/g (2 days post-treatment) in the gastrointestinal (GI) contents (abomasal and intestinal). Concentrations of the three compounds in H. contortus were in a similar range to those observed in the abomasal contents (positive correlation P = 0.0002). Lower moxidectin concentrations were recovered within adult H. contortus compared to abamectin and ivermectin at day 2 post-treatment. However, the efficacy against H. contortus was 20.1% (ivermectin), 39.7% (abamectin) and 89.6% (moxidectin). Only the ivermectin treatment induced an enhancement on the expression of P-gp2 in the recovered adult H. contortus, reaching higher values at 12 and 24 h post-administration compared to control (untreated) worms. This comparative pharmacological evaluation of three of the most used macrocyclic lactones compounds provides new insights into the action of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Lloberas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Entrocasso
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Mate
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrian Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Bartley D, Morrison A, Dupuy J, Bartley Y, Sutra J, Menez C, Alvinerie M, Jackson F, Devin L, Lespine A. Influence of Pluronic 85 and ketoconazole on disposition and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep infected with a multiple resistant Haemonchus contortus isolate. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:464-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lloberas M, Alvarez L, Entrocasso C, Virkel G, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Measurement of ivermectin concentrations in target worms and host gastrointestinal tissues: Influence of the route of administration on the activity against resistant Haemonchus contortus in lambs. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ballent M, Lifschitz A, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Maté L, Lanusse C. In vivo and ex vivo assessment of the interaction between ivermectin and danofloxacin in sheep. Vet J 2012; 192:422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prichard R, Ménez C, Lespine A. Moxidectin and the avermectins: Consanguinity but not identity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2012; 2:134-53. [PMID: 24533275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The avermectins and milbemycins contain a common macrocyclic lactone (ML) ring, but are fermentation products of different organisms. The principal structural difference is that avermectins have sugar groups at C13 of the macrocyclic ring, whereas the milbemycins are protonated at C13. Moxidectin (MOX), belonging to the milbemycin family, has other differences, including a methoxime at C23. The avermectins and MOX have broad-spectrum activity against nematodes and arthropods. They have similar but not identical, spectral ranges of activity and some avermectins and MOX have diverse formulations for great user flexibility. The longer half-life of MOX and its safety profile, allow MOX to be used in long-acting formulations. Some important differences between MOX and avermectins in interaction with various invertebrate ligand-gated ion channels are known and could be the basis of different efficacy and safety profiles. Modelling of IVM interaction with glutamate-gated ion channels suggest different interactions will occur with MOX. Similarly, profound differences between MOX and the avermectins are seen in interactions with ABC transporters in mammals and nematodes. These differences are important for pharmacokinetics, toxicity in animals with defective transporter expression, and probable mechanisms of resistance. Resistance to the avermectins has become widespread in parasites of some hosts and MOX resistance also exists and is increasing. There is some degree of cross-resistance between the avermectins and MOX, but avermectin resistance and MOX resistance are not identical. In many cases when resistance to avermectins is noticed, MOX produces a higher efficacy and quite often is fully effective at recommended dose rates. These similarities and differences should be appreciated for optimal decisions about parasite control, delaying, managing or reversing resistances, and also for appropriate anthelmintic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Ménez
- INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France ; Université de Toulouse, INP, UMR 1331, Toxalim, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lespine
- INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France ; Université de Toulouse, INP, UMR 1331, Toxalim, F-31000 Toulouse, France
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Derakhshandeh K, Hosseinalizadeh A, Nikmohammadi M. The effects of PLGA microparticles on intestinal absorption of p-glycoprotein substrate using the everted rat intestinal sac model. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lespine A, Ménez C, Bourguinat C, Prichard RK. P-glycoproteins and other multidrug resistance transporters in the pharmacology of anthelmintics: Prospects for reversing transport-dependent anthelmintic resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2011; 2:58-75. [PMID: 24533264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths cause significant disease in animals and humans. In the absence of alternative treatments, anthelmintics remain the principal agents for their control. Resistance extends to the most important class of anthelmintics, the macrocyclic lactone endectocides (MLs), such as ivermectin, and presents serious problems for the livestock industries and threatens to severely limit current parasite control strategies in humans. Understanding drug resistance is important for optimizing and monitoring control, and reducing further selection for resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ABC transporters have been implicated in ML resistance and contribute to resistance to a number of other anthelmintics. MDR transporters, such as P-glycoproteins, are essential for many cellular processes that require the transport of substrates across cell membranes. Being overexpressed in response to chemotherapy in tumour cells and to ML-based treatment in nematodes, they lead to therapy failure by decreasing drug concentration at the target. Several anthelmintics are inhibitors of these efflux pumps and appropriate combinations can result in higher treatment efficacy against parasites and reversal of resistance. However, this needs to be balanced against possible increased toxicity to the host, or the components of the combination selecting on the same genes involved in the resistance. Increased efficacy could result from modifying anthelmintic pharmacokinetics in the host or by blocking parasite transporters involved in resistance. Combination of anthelmintics can be beneficial for delaying selection for resistance. However, it should be based on knowledge of resistance mechanisms and not simply on mode of action classes, and is best started before resistance has been selected to any member of the combination. Increasing knowledge of the MDR transporters involved in anthelmintic resistance in helminths will play an important role in allowing for the identification of markers to monitor the spread of resistance and to evaluate new tools and management practices aimed at delaying its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lespine
- INRA UMR1331, Université de Toulouse, INP, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Ménez
- INRA UMR1331, Université de Toulouse, INP, TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France
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Mariana B, Adrián L, Guillermo V, Juan S, Laura M, Carlos L. Gender-related differences on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug intestinal transport in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:619-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence of sex-related differences on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are markedly increasing. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of gender on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug intestinal transport using two ex-vivo methodological approaches.
Methods
To study the comparative tissue uptake of ivermectin, intestinal sacs (distal jejunum/ileum) of male and female Wistar rats were incubated with ivermectin (0.5 µm) (a P-gp substrate) in the presence or absence of PSC833 (10 µm) (a P-gp inhibitor). Additionally, sex-based differences in the bidirectional transport of Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123; 5 µm) incubated either alone or with PSC833 (10 µm) were examined in diffusion chambers.
Key findings
The ivermectin accumulation in the everted gut sacs was higher in female compared with male intestine. The presence of PSC833 increased ivermectin accumulation profiles both in male and female rats. However, a greater response to transport modulation was observed in male compared with female animals. Similar results were obtained for Rho 123, where a higher absorption was measured in the intestine of females. PSC833 decreased Rho 123 intestinal secretion in animals of both sexes with a greater inhibition in male.
Conclusions
Substantial sex-related differences were observed on the ivermectin and Rho 123 active intestinal transport. Likewise, the PSC833-mediated modulation had a differential impact between male and female animals. Further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, which may have considerable pharmacological and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ballent Mariana
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Lifschitz Adrián
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Virkel Guillermo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Sallovitz Juan
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Maté Laura
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Lanusse Carlos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
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Dunn ST, Hedges L, Sampson KE, Lai Y, Mahabir S, Balogh L, Locuson CW. Pharmacokinetic Interaction of the Antiparasitic Agents Ivermectin and Spinosad in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:789-95. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Li M, Si L, Pan H, Rabba AK, Yan F, Qiu J, Li G. Excipients enhance intestinal absorption of ganciclovir by P-gp inhibition: Assessed in vitro by everted gut sac and in situ by improved intestinal perfusion. Int J Pharm 2011; 403:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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