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Ma J, Yu H, Li G, An T. Mechanism of cytochrome P450s mediated interference with glutathione and amino acid metabolisms from halogenated PAHs exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134589. [PMID: 38772114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) is associated with many adverse effects. However, the mechanisms of metabolic disorder of HPAHs remains limited. Herein, effects of pyrene (Pyr), and its halogenated derivatives (1-chloropyrene (1-Cl-Pyr), 1-bromopyrene (1-Br-Pyr)) on endogenous metabolic pathways were investigated, in human hepatoma (HepG2) and HepG2-derived cell lines expressing various human cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Non-targeted metabolomics results suggested that 1-Br-Pyr and Pyr exposure (625 nM) induced disruption in glutathione and riboflavin metabolism which associated with redox imbalance, through abnormal accumulation of oxidized glutathione, mediated by bioactivation of CYP2E1. Conversely, CYP2C9-mediated 1-Cl-Pyr significantly interfered with glutathione metabolism intermediates, including glycine, L-glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid. Notably, CYP1A1-mediated Pyr-induced perturbation of amino acid metabolism which associated with nutrition and glycolipid metabolism, resulting in significant upregulation of most amino acids, whereas halogenated derivatives mediated by CYP1A2 substantially downregulated amino acids. In conclusion, this study suggested that Pyr and its halogenated derivatives exert potent effects on endogenous metabolism disruption under the action of various exogenous metabolic enzymes (CYPs). Thus, new evidence was provided to toxicological mechanisms of HPAHs, and reveals potential health risks of HPAHs in inducing diseases caused by redox and amino acid imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Hu S, Li X, He F, Qi Y, Zhang B, Liu R. Cytotoxicity of emerging halophenylacetamide disinfection byproducts in drinking water: Mechanism and prediction. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121562. [PMID: 38604064 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Halophenylacetamides (HPAcAms) have been identified as a new group of nitrogenous aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water, but the toxicity mechanisms associated with HPAcAms remain almost completely unknown. In this work, the cytotoxicity of HPAcAms in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells was evaluated, intracellular oxidative stress/damage levels were analyzed, their binding interactions with antioxidative enzyme were explored, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was established. Results indicated that the EC50 values of HPAcAms ranged from 2353 μM to 9780 μM, and the isomeric structure as well as the type and number of halogen substitutions could obviously induce the change in the cytotoxicity of HPAcAms. Upon exposure to 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetamide (3,4-DCPAcAm), various important biomarkers linked to oxidative stress and damage, such as reactive oxygen species, 8‑hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and cell apoptosis, exhibited a significant increase in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 3,4-DCPAcAm could directly bind with Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and induce the alterations in the structure and activity, and the formation of complexes was predominantly influenced by the van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding. The QSAR model supported that the nucleophilic reactivity as well as the molecular compactness might be highly important in their cytotoxicity mechanisms in HepG2 cells, and 2-(2,4-dibromophenyl)acetamide and 2-(3,4-dibromophenyl)acetamide deserved particular attention in future studies due to the relatively higher predicted cytotoxicity. This study provided the first comprehensive investigation on the cytotoxicity mechanisms of HPAcAm DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuntao Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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3
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Sun B, Liang Z, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhou X, Geng X, Li B. A 3D spheroid model of quadruple cell co-culture with improved liver functions for hepatotoxicity prediction. Toxicology 2024; 505:153829. [PMID: 38740170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major concerns during drug development. Wide acceptance of the 3 R principles and the innovation of in-vitro techniques have introduced various novel model options, among which the three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid cultures have shown a promising prospect in DILI prediction. The present study developed a 3D quadruple cell co-culture liver spheroid model for DILI prediction via self-assembly. Induction by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate at the concentration of 15.42 ng/mL for 48 hours with a following 24-hour rest period was used for THP-1 cell differentiation, resulting in credible macrophagic phenotypes. HepG2 cells, PUMC-HUVEC-T1 cells, THP-1-originated macrophages, and human hepatic stellate cells were selected as the components, which exhibited adaptability in the designated spheroid culture conditions. Following establishment, the characterization demonstrated the competence of the model in long-term stability reflected by the maintenance of morphology, viability, cellular integration, and cell-cell junctions for at least six days, as well as the reliable liver-specific functions including superior albumin and urea secretion, improved drug metabolic enzyme expression and CYP3A4 activity, and the expression of MRP2, BSEP, and P-GP accompanied by the bile acid efflux transport function. In the comparative testing using 22 DILI-positive and 5 DILI-negative compounds among the novel 3D co-culture model, 3D HepG2 spheroids, and 2D HepG2 monolayers, the 3D culture method significantly enhanced the model sensitivity to compound cytotoxicity compared to the 2D form. The novel co-culture liver spheroid model exhibited higher overall predictive power with margin of safety as the classifying tool. In addition, the non-parenchymal cell components could amplify the toxicity of isoniazid in the 3D model, suggesting their potential mediating role in immune-mediated toxicity. The proof-of-concept experiments demonstrated the capability of the model in replicating drug-induced lipid dysregulation, bile acid efflux inhibition, and α-SMA upregulation, which are the key features of liver steatosis and phospholipidosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis, respectively. Overall, the novel 3D quadruple cell co-culture spheroid model is a reliable and readily available option for DILI prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zihe Liang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China.
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4
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Vahidi S, Agah S, Mirzajani E, Asghari Gharakhyli E, Norollahi SE, Rahbar Taramsari M, Babaei K, Samadani AA. microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:55-73. [PMID: 38507551 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious leading causes of death in the world. Many eclectic factors are involved in cancer progression including genetic and epigenetic alongside environmental ones. In this account, the performance and fluctuations of microRNAs are significant in cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly as diagnostic biomarkers in oncology. So, microRNAs manage and control the gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation, or also they can inhibit their translation. Conspicuously, these molecular structures take part in controlling the cellular, physiological and pathological functions, which many of them can accomplish as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes. Relatively, Oxidative stress is defined as the inequality between the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify the reactive mediators or repair the resulting injury. ROS and microRNAs have been recognized as main cancer promoters and possible treatment targets. Importantly, genotoxicity has been established as the primary reason for many diseases as well as several malignancies. The procedures have no obvious link with mutagenicity and influence the organization, accuracy of the information, or fragmentation of DNA. Conclusively, mutations in these patterns can lead to carcinogenesis. In this review article, we report the impressive and practical roles of microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in the pathobiology of cancer development in conjunction with their importance as reliable cancer biomarkers and their association with circulating miRNA, exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, RNA remodeling, DNA methylation, and other molecular elements in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Rahbar Taramsari
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | - Kosar Babaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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5
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Royo F, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Azparren-Angulo M, Bordanaba-Florit G, Lopez-Sarrio S, Falcon-Perez JM. Three-Dimensional Hepatocyte Spheroids: Model for Assessing Chemotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1200. [PMID: 38927406 PMCID: PMC11201042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional cellular models provide a more comprehensive representation of in vivo cell properties, encompassing physiological characteristics and drug susceptibility. METHODS Primary hepatocytes were seeded in ultra-low attachment plates to form spheroids, with or without tumoral cells. Spheroid structure, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed using histological staining techniques. In addition, extracellular vesicles were isolated from conditioned media by differential ultracentrifugation. Spheroids were exposed to cytotoxic drugs, and both spheroid growth and cell death were measured by microscopic imaging and flow cytometry with vital staining, respectively. RESULTS Concerning spheroid structure, an active outer layer forms a boundary with the media, while the inner core comprises a mass of cell debris. Hepatocyte-formed spheroids release vesicles into the extracellular media, and a decrease in the concentration of vesicles in the culture media can be observed over time. When co-cultured with tumoral cells, a distinct distribution pattern emerges over the primary hepatocytes, resulting in different spheroid conformations. Tumoral cell growth was compromised upon antitumoral drug challenges. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of mixed spheroids with different cytotoxic drugs enables the characterization of drug effects on both hepatocytes and tumoral cells, determining drug specificity effects on these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Maria Azparren-Angulo
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Bordanaba-Florit
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Silvia Lopez-Sarrio
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory and Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (M.A.-A.); (G.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Kim R, Sung JH. Microfluidic gut-axis-on-a-chip models for pharmacokinetic-based disease models. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:031507. [PMID: 38947281 PMCID: PMC11210976 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The low success rate of new drugs transitioning from animal testing to human clinical trials necessitates the development of more accurate and representative in vitro models. Recent advances in multi-organ-on-a-chip technology offer promising avenues for studying complex organ-organ interactions. Gut-liver-on-a-chip systems hold particular promise for mimicking the intricate interplay between the gut and liver, which play crucial roles in nutrient absorption, drug metabolism, detoxification, and immune response. Here, we discuss the key components of the gut-liver axis, including the gut epithelium, liver cells, gut microbiota, and their roles in the organ functions. We then explore the potential of gut-liver-on-a-chip models to replicate the intricate interactions between the two organs for pharmacokinetic studies and their expansion to more complicated multi-organ models. Finally, we provide perspectives and future directions for developing more physiologically relevant gut-liver-axis models for more efficient drug development, studying liver diseases, and personalizing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
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Frybortova V, Satka S, Jourova L, Zapletalova I, Srejber M, Briolotti P, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Anzenbacher P, Otyepka M, Anzenbacherova E. On the Possible Effect of Phytic Acid (Myo-Inositol Hexaphosphoric Acid, IP6) on Cytochromes P450 and Systems of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Different Hepatic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3610. [PMID: 38612422 PMCID: PMC11011971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As compounds of natural origin enter human body, it is necessary to investigate their possible interactions with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in general, namely with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) is mainly present in plants but is also an endogenous compound present in mammalian cells and tissues. It has been shown to exhibit protective effect in many pathological conditions. For this paper, its interaction with CYPs was studied using human liver microsomes, primary human hepatocytes, the HepG2 cell line, and molecular docking. Docking experiments and absorption spectra demonstrated the weak ability of IP6 to interact in the heme active site of CYP1A. Molecular docking suggested that IP6 preferentially binds to the protein surface, whereas binding to the active site of CYP1A2 was found to be less probable. Subsequently, we investigated the ability of IP6 to modulate the metabolism of xenobiotics for both the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of CYP1A enzymes. Our findings revealed that IP6 can slightly modulate the mRNA levels and enzyme activity of CYP1A. However, thanks to the relatively weak interactions of IP6 with CYPs, the chances of the mechanisms of clinically important drug-drug interactions involving IP6 are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Frybortova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Stefan Satka
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Lenka Jourova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Iveta Zapletalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Srejber
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France (S.G.-C.)
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France (S.G.-C.)
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France (S.G.-C.)
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.F.); (E.A.)
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8
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Li T, Shetty S, Kamath A, Jaiswal A, Jiang X, Ding Y, Kim Y. CancerGPT for few shot drug pair synergy prediction using large pretrained language models. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:40. [PMID: 38374445 PMCID: PMC10876664 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to have significant potential in few-shot learning across various fields, even with minimal training data. However, their ability to generalize to unseen tasks in more complex fields, such as biology and medicine has yet to be fully evaluated. LLMs can offer a promising alternative approach for biological inference, particularly in cases where structured data and sample size are limited, by extracting prior knowledge from text corpora. Here we report our proposed few-shot learning approach, which uses LLMs to predict the synergy of drug pairs in rare tissues that lack structured data and features. Our experiments, which involved seven rare tissues from different cancer types, demonstrate that the LLM-based prediction model achieves significant accuracy with very few or zero samples. Our proposed model, the CancerGPT (with ~ 124M parameters), is comparable to the larger fine-tuned GPT-3 model (with ~ 175B parameters). Our research contributes to tackling drug pair synergy prediction in rare tissues with limited data, and also advancing the use of LLMs for biological and medical inference tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Li
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sandesh Shetty
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Advaith Kamath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Jaiswal
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yejin Kim
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Carvalho AM, Bansal R, Barrias CC, Sarmento B. The Material World of 3D-Bioprinted and Microfluidic-Chip Models of Human Liver Fibrosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307673. [PMID: 37961933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are extensively used to mimic cell-matrix interactions, which are essential for cell growth, function, and differentiation. This is particularly relevant when developing in vitro disease models of organs rich in extracellular matrix, like the liver. Liver disease involves a chronic wound-healing response with formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis. At early stages, liver disease can be reverted, but as disease progresses, reversion is no longer possible, and there is no cure. Research for new therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate models that replicate the mechanical properties and biochemical stimuli present in the fibrotic liver. Fibrosis is associated with changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that directly influence cell behavior. Biomaterials could play an essential role in better emulating the disease microenvironment. In this paper, the recent and cutting-edge biomaterials used for creating in vitro models of human liver fibrosis are revised, in combination with cells, bioprinting, and/or microfluidics. These technologies have been instrumental to replicate the intricate structure of the unhealthy tissue and promote medium perfusion that improves cell growth and function, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of material hints and cell-material interactions in a tridimensional context is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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10
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Li X, Nakashima K, Ito M, Matsuda M, Chida T, Sekihara K, Takahashi H, Kato T, Sawasaki T, Suzuki T. SRPKIN-1 as an inhibitor against hepatitis B virus blocking the viral particle formation and the early step of the viral infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105756. [PMID: 37992764 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
New antiviral agents are needed for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because currently available drugs do not completely eradicate chronic HBV in patients. Phosphorylation dynamics of the HBV core protein (HBc) regulate several processes in the HBV life cycle, including nucleocapsid formation, cell trafficking, and virus uncoating after entry. In this study, the SRPK inhibitors SPHINX31, SRPIN340, and SRPKIN-1 showed concentration-dependent anti-HBV activity. Detailed analysis of the effects of SRPKIN-1, which exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, on the HBV replication process showed that it inhibits the formation of infectious particles by inhibiting pregenomic RNA packaging into capsids and nucleocapsid envelopment. Mass spectrometry analysis combined with cell-free translation system experiments revealed that hyperphosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of HBc is inhibited by SRPKIN-1. Further, SRPKIN-1 exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of HBV infection not only in HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells but also in fresh human hepatocytes (PXB cells) and in the single-round infection system. Treatment with SRPKIN-1 at the time of infection reduced the nuclease sensitivity of HBV DNA in the nuclear fraction. These results suggest that SRPKIN-1 has the potential to not only inhibit the HBV particle formation process but also impair the early stages of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chida
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Regional Medical Care Support, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekihara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takahashi
- Division of Cell-Free Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
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11
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Omori H, Chikamoto J, Nagahara M, Hirata M, Otoi T. Evaluating variations in bilirubin glucuronidation activity by protease inhibitors in canine and human primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D culture system. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105689. [PMID: 37660998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin is excreted into the bile from hepatocytes, mainly as monoglucuronosyl and bisglucuronosyl conjugates, reflecting bilirubin glucuronidation activity. However, there is limited information on the in vitro evaluation of liver cell lines or primary hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate variations in the bilirubin metabolic function of canine and human hepatocyte spheroids formed in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system indicated by the formation of bilirubin glucuronides when protease inhibitors such as atazanavir, indinavir, ritonavir, and nelfinavir were treated with bilirubin. The culture supernatant was collected for bilirubin glucuronidation assessment and the cells were used to evaluate viability. On day 8 of culture, both canine and human hepatocyte spheroids showed high albumin secretion and distinct spheroid formation, and their bilirubin glucuronidation activities were evaluated considering cell viability. Treatment with atazanavir and ritonavir remarkably inhibited bilirubin glucuronide formation, wherein atazanavir showed the highest inhibition, particularly in human hepatocyte spheroids. These results may reflect the effects on cellular uptake of bilirubin and its intracellular metabolic function. Thus, primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D culture system may be a useful in vitro system for the comprehensive evaluation of bilirubin metabolic function and risk assessment in bilirubin metabolic disorders for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Omori
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Preclinical Basic Research, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junko Chikamoto
- Preclinical Basic Research, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagahara
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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12
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Lee YT, Tan YJ, Oon CE. BZD9L1 Differentially Regulates Sirtuins in Liver-Derived Cells by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3059. [PMID: 38002059 PMCID: PMC10669747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has highlighted that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to drug-induced toxicities and leads to drug attrition and post-market withdrawals. The acetylation or deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins can affect mitochondrial functions as the cells adapt to various cellular stresses and other metabolic challenges. SIRTs act as critical deacetylases in modulating mitochondrial function in response to drug toxicity, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and energy metabolism. We previously showed that a recently characterised SIRT inhibitor (BZD9L1) is non-toxic in rodents in a short-term toxicity evaluation. However, the impact of BZD9L1 on mitochondrial function is unknown. This work aims to determine the effects of BZD9L1 on mitochondrial function in human normal liver and kidney-derived cell lines using the Agilent Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test to complement our short-term toxicity evaluations in vivo. The Mito Stress assay revealed that BZD9L1 could potentially trigger oxidative stress by inducing ROS, which promotes proton leak and reduces coupling efficiency in liver-derived THLE cells. However, the same was not observed in human kidney-derived HEK293 cells. Interestingly, BZD9L1 had no impact on SIRT3 protein expression in both cell lines but affected SOD2 and its acetylated form at 72 h in THLE cells, indicating that BZD9L1 exerted its effect through SIRT3 activity rather than protein expression. In contrast, BZD9L1 reduced SIRT1 protein expression and impacted the p53 protein differently in both cell lines. Although BZD9L1 did not affect the spare respiratory capacity in vitro, these findings call for further validation of mitochondrial function through assessment of other mitochondrial parameters to evaluate the safety of BZD9L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (Y.T.L.); (Y.J.T.)
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13
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Ibrahim ARS, Mansour MK, Ahmed MMA, Ulber R, Zayed A. Metabolism of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in Cunninghamella fungi and their applications in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106801. [PMID: 37643568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of xenobiotic metabolism is a key step for drug discovery. Since the in vivo investigations may be associated with harmful effects attributed to production of toxic metabolites, it is deemed necessary to predict their structure especially at the preliminary clinical studies. Furthermore, the application of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing drugs mimic human metabolism and consequently may predict possible metabolites. The genus Cunninghamella has been proven to be a potential candidate, which mimics xenobiotic metabolism occurring inside the human body, including phase I and II metabolic reactions. Moreover, biotransformation with Cunninghamella showed chemical diversity, where a lot of products were detected in relation to the initial substrates after being modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, and conjugation reactions. Some of these products are more bioactive than the parent compounds. The current review presents a comprehensive literature overview regarding the Cunninghamella organisms as biocatalysts, which simulate mammalian metabolism of natural secondary and synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahim S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11553, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
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14
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Collins JM, Wang D. A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effects of RNA-Editing Proteins ADAR and ADARB1 on the Expression of the Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1508-1514. [PMID: 37532539 PMCID: PMC10586505 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two RNA-editing proteins, the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA, ADAR, and ADARB1, broadly regulate gene expression in editing-dependent and editing-independent manners. Previous studies showed that the expression of the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (P450s) and UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) changes upon knockdown (KD) of ADAR or ADARB1 in different hepatic cell lines. To systematically survey the effects of these two ADARs on the expression of P450s and UGTs, we used small interfering RNA in HepaRG cells and tested the association between the expression of the P450s and ADARs in a liver sample cohort (n = 246). KD of ADAR increased the expression of the CYP3As and CYP2C9 and reduced the expression of the others, whereas KD of ADARB1 reduced the expression of nearly all genes tested. ADAR KD also suppressed the induction of most P450s, whereas ADARB1 KD had mixed effects depending on the inducer/gene combination. P450 expression was positively associated with both ADARs in liver samples, consistent with the KD results. However, after adjusting for the expression of transcription factors (TFs) known to regulate P450 expression, the associations disappeared, indicating that the effects of ADAR or ADARB1 primarily occur through TFs. Moreover, we found that the expression of normally spliced CYP3A5 transcripts is increased in both KDs, indicating a direct effect of the ADARs on promoting the usage of the cryptic splice site generated by CYP3A5*3. Taken together, our results revealed the nonoverlapping regulatory effects of ADAR and ADARB1 and supported their broad roles in controlling the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Here, this study systematically surveyed the roles of ADAR and ADARB1 in both basal and induced expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and assessed their coexpression in liver samples. This study's results support that ADAR and ADARB1 regulate the expression of the drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver, suggesting that factors affecting ADAR expression also have the potential to impact drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Brady M, Shchepetkina VI, González-Recio I, Martínez-Chantar ML, Buccella D. Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors Illuminate Cellular Magnesium Imbalance in a Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21841-21850. [PMID: 37782839 PMCID: PMC10571084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium(II) plays catalytic, structural, regulatory, and signaling roles in living organisms. Abnormal levels of this metal have been associated with numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency, cancer, and, most recently, liver pathologies affecting humans. The role of Mg2+ in the pathophysiology of liver disease, however, has been occluded by concomitant changes in concentration of interfering divalent cations, such as Ca2+, which complicates the interpretation of experiments conducted with existing molecular Mg2+ indicators. Herein, we introduce a new quinoline-based fluorescent sensor, MagZet1, that displays a shift in its excitation and emission wavelengths, affording ratiometric detection of cellular Mg2+ by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The new sensor binds the target metal with a submillimolar dissociation constant─well suited for detection of changes in free Mg2+ in cells─and displays a 10-fold selectivity against Ca2+. Furthermore, the fluorescence ratio is insensitive to changes in pH in the physiological range, providing an overall superior performance over existing indicators. We provide insights into the metal selectivity profile of the new sensor based on computational modeling, and we apply it to shed light on a decrease in cytosolic free Mg2+ and altered expression of metal transporters in cellular models of drug-induced liver injury caused by acetaminophen overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brady
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | | | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver
Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE),
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- Liver
Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE),
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas
y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National
Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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16
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Mansouri M, Imes WD, Roberts OS, Leipzig ND. Fabrication of oxygen-carrying microparticles functionalized with liver ECM-proteins to improve phenotypic three-dimensional in vitro liver assembly, function, and responses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3025-3038. [PMID: 37269469 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biopolymers play vital roles in regulating many cellular functions in both the healthy and diseased liver. This study highlights the significance of synergistically tuning the internal microenvironment of three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates composed of hepatocyte-like cells from the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from the LX-2 cell line to enhance oxygen availability and phenotypic ECM ligand presentation for promoting the native metabolic functions of the human liver. First, fluorinated (PFC) chitosan microparticles (MPs) were generated with a microfluidic chip, then their oxygen transport properties were studied using a custom ruthenium-based oxygen sensing approach. Next, to allow for integrin engagements the surfaces of these MPs were functionalized using liver ECM proteins including fibronectin, laminin-111, laminin-511, and laminin-521, then they were used to assemble composite spheriods along with HepG2 cells and HSCs. After in vitro culture, liver-specific functions and cell adhesion patterns were compared between groups and cells showed enhanced liver phenotypic responses to laminin-511 and 521 as evidenced via enhanced E-cadherin and vinculin expression, as well as albumin and urea secretion. Furthermore, hepatocytes and HSCs exhibited more pronounced phenotypic arrangements when cocultured with laminin-511 and 521 modified MPs providing clear evidence that specific ECM proteins have distinctive roles in the phenotypic regulation of liver cells in engineering 3D spheroids. This study advances efforts to create more physiologically relevant organ models allowing for well-defined conditions and phenotypic cell signaling which together improve the relevance of 3D spheroid and organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mansouri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - William D Imes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Owen S Roberts
- College of Engineering and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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17
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Shen H, Dou Y, Wang X, Wang X, Kong F, Wang S. Guluronic acid can inhibit copper(II) and amyloid - β peptide coordination and reduce copper-related reactive oxygen species formation associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112252. [PMID: 37207465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can lead to neuropathologic degradation associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to amyloid cascade hypothesis. A complexing agent that can selectively chelate with copper ions and capture copper ions from the complex formed by copper ions and amyloid-β (Cu - Aβ complex) may be available in reducing ROS formation. Herein, we described applications of guluronic acid (GA), a natural oligosaccharide complexing agent obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of brown algae, in reducing copper-related ROS formation. UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated the coordination between GA and Cu(II). Ascorbic acid consumption and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid fluorescence assays confirmed the viability of GA in reducing ROS formation in solutions containing other metal ions and Aβ. Fluorescence kinetics, DPPH radical clearance and high resolution X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed the reductivity of GA. Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell viability demonstrated the biocompatibility of GA at concentrations lower than 320 μM. Cytotoxic results of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells verified that GA can inhibit copper-related ROS damage in neuronal cells. Our findings, combined with the advantages of marine drugs, make GA a promising candidate in reducing copper-related ROS formation associated with AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China
| | - Yun Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China.
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18
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Akiyama S, Saku N, Miyata S, Ite K, Nonaka H, Toyoda M, Kamiya A, Kiyono T, Kimura T, Kasahara M, Umezawa A. Drug metabolic activity as a selection factor for pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:155-178. [PMID: 37678970 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
As a metabolic organ, the liver plays a variety of roles, including detoxification. It has been difficult to obtain stable supplies of hepatocytes for transplantation and for accurate hepatotoxicity determination in drug discovery research. Human pluripotent stem cells, capable of unlimited self-renewal, may be a promising source of hepatocytes. In order to develop a stable supply of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived hepatocytes, we have purified human ESC-derived hepatic progenitor cells with exposure to cytocidal puromycin by using their ability to metabolize drugs. Hepatic progenitor cells stably proliferated at least 220-fold over 120 days, maintaining hepatic progenitor cell-like properties. High drug-metabolizing hepatic progenitor cells can be matured into liver cells by suppressing hepatic proliferative signals. The method we developed enables the isolation and proliferation of functional hepatic progenitors from human ESCs, thereby providing a stable supply of high-quality cell resources at high efficiency. Cells produced by this method may facilitate cell therapy for hepatic diseases and reliable drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Akiyama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine (National Center for Child Health and Development), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Saku
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Ite
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nonaka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Research team for Aging Science (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of BioSciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Ahmadian M, Hosseini S, Alipour A, Jahanfar M, Farrokhi N, Homaeigohar S, Shahsavarani H. In vitro modeling of hepatocellular carcinoma niche on decellularized tomato thorny leaves: a novel natural three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for liver cancer therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1189726. [PMID: 37251569 PMCID: PMC10212619 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1189726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is now one of the main causes leading to death worldwide. To achieve reliable therapeutic effects, it is crucial to develop efficient approaches to test novel anticancer drugs. Considering the significant contribution of tumor microenvironment to cell's response to medications, in vitro 3D bioinspiration of cancer cell niches can be regarded as an advanced strategy to improve the accuracy and reliability of the drug-based treatment. In this regard, decellularized plant tissues can perform as suitable 3D scaffolds for mammalian cell culture to create a near-to-real condition to test drug efficacy. Here, we developed a novel 3D natural scaffold made from decellularized tomato hairy leaves (hereafter called as DTL) to mimic the microenvironment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for pharmaceutical purposes. The surface hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, and topography measurement and molecular analyses revealed that the 3D DTL scaffold is an ideal candidate for liver cancer modeling. The cells exhibited a higher growth and proliferation rate within the DTL scaffold, as verified by quantifying the expression of related genes, DAPI staining, and SEM imaging of the cells. Moreover, prilocaine, an anticancer drug, showed a higher effectiveness against the cancer cells cultured on the 3D DTL scaffold, compared to a 2D platform. Taken together, this new cellulosic 3D scaffold can be confidently proposed for chemotherapeutic testing of drugs on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariye Ahmadian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, National Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saadi Hosseini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, National Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Alipour
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jahanfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Homaeigohar
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, National Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Alwadei N, Rashid M, Chandrashekar DV, Rahighi S, Totonchy J, Sharma A, Mehvar R. Generation and Characterization of CYP2E1-Overexpressing HepG2 Cells to Study the Role of CYP2E1 in Hepatic Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098121. [PMID: 37175827 PMCID: PMC10179595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs during liver transplantation or surgery, are poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to generate and characterize a HepG2 cell line with a stable overexpression of CYP2E1 to investigate the role of the enzyme in hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury in an ex vivo setting. GFP-tagged CYP2E1 and control clones were developed, and their gene expression and protein levels of GFP and CYP2E1 were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA/Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, the CYP2E1 catalytic activity was determined by UPLC-MS/MS analysis of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone formed from the chlorzoxazone substrate. The CYP2E1 and control clones were subjected to hypoxia (10 h) and reoxygenation (0.5 h), and cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were quantitated using LDH and flow cytometry, respectively. Compared with the control clone, the selected CYP2E1 clone showed a 720-fold increase in CYP2E1 expression and a prominent band in the western blot analysis, which was associated with a 150-fold increase in CYP2E1 catalytic activity. The CYP2E1 clone produced 2.3-fold more ROS and 1.9-fold more cell death in the H/R model. It is concluded that the constitutive CYP2E1 in the liver may play a detrimental role in hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alwadei
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Simin Rahighi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Jennifer Totonchy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Reza Mehvar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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21
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Fu J, Qiu H, Tan CS. Microfluidic Liver-on-a-Chip for Preclinical Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041300. [PMID: 37111785 PMCID: PMC10141038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is an expensive, long, and complex process, usually with a high degree of uncertainty. In order to improve the efficiency of drug development, effective methods are demanded to screen lead molecules and eliminate toxic compounds in the preclinical pipeline. Drug metabolism is crucial in determining the efficacy and potential side effects, mainly in the liver. Recently, the liver-on-a-chip (LoC) platform based on microfluidic technology has attracted widespread attention. LoC systems can be applied to predict drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity or to investigate PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics) performance when combined with other artificial organ-on-chips. This review discusses the liver physiological microenvironment simulated by LoC, especially the cell compositions and roles. We summarize the current methods of constructing LoC and the pharmacological and toxicological application of LoC in preclinical research. In conclusion, we also discussed the limitations of LoC in drug discovery and proposed a direction for improvement, which may provide an agenda for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Fu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Cherie S Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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22
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Xia J, Li X, Lin M, Yu J, Zeng Z, Ye F, Hu G, Miu Q, He Q, Zhang X, Liang Z. Screening out Biomarkers of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum for Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship Coupled with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073021. [PMID: 37049789 PMCID: PMC10096277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. (T. hemsleyanum) is an economically and medicinally valuable species within the genus Tetrastigma. However, the material basis of its pharmacological action and the biomarkers associated with its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects are still unclear. Additionally, the T. hemsleyanum industry cannot grow because there is a lack of a scientific, universal, and measurable quality control system. This study aimed to explore the chemical basis quality markers related to the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of T. hemsleyanum to establish an effective quality evaluation method. UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE fingerprint profiles of T. hemsleyanum from different origins were established. Pharmacodynamic studies used HepG2 and HuH-7 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients. The spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using PCA and PLSR statistical methods. Moreover, docking analysis was performed to identify specific active biomarkers with molecular targets associated with cancer and inflammation. Chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, catechin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, apigenin-8-C-glucoside, and linolenic acid were associated with anticancer activity, while chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quinic acid, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, rutinum, apigenin-8-C-glucoside, and linolenic acid were associated with anti-inflammatory activity. The spectrum-effect relationship of T. hemsleyanum was successfully established, and the biomarkers for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects were preliminary confirmed. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the elucidation of the substance basis of T. hemsleyanum and lay the foundation for its rapid identification, quality control, industrial research, and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Min Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiani Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongda Zeng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guanjun Hu
- Hangzhou Shizhuwu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qiang Miu
- Hangzhou Fuyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Ltd., Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-1530-6553960 (X.Z.)
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-1530-6553960 (X.Z.)
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23
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Aasadollahei N, Rezaei N, Golroo R, Agarwal T, Vosough M, Piryaei A. Bioengineering liver microtissues for modeling non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:367-391. [PMID: 37223084 PMCID: PMC10201011 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's most common chronic liver disease. However, due to the lack of reliable in vitro NAFLD models, drug development studies have faced many limitations, and there is no food and drug administration-approved medicine for NAFLD treatment. A functional biomimetic in vitro human liver model requires an optimized natural microenvironment using appropriate cellular composition, to provide constructive cell-cell interactions, and niche-specific bio-molecules to supply crucial cues as cell-matrix interplay. Such a suitable liver model could employ appropriate and desired biochemical, mechanical, and physical properties similar to native tissue. Moreover, bioengineered three-dimensional tissues, specially microtissues and organoids, and more recently using infusion-based cultivation systems such as microfluidics can mimic natural tissue conditions and facilitate the exchange of nutrients and soluble factors to improve physiological function in the in vitro generated constructs. This review highlights the key players involved in NAFLD initiation and progression and discussed the available cells and matrices for in vitro NAFLD modeling. The strategies for optimizing the liver microenvironment to generate a powerful and biomimetic in vitro NAFLD model were described as well. Finally, the current challenges and future perospective for promotion in this subject were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Aasadollahei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Golroo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Ichida H, Fukami T, Kudo T, Mishiro K, Takano S, Nakano M, Morinaga G, Matsui A, Ishiguro N, Nakajima M. Identification of HSD17B12 as an enzyme catalyzing drug reduction reactions through investigation of nabumetone metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109536. [PMID: 36724833 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nabumetone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug, is converted to a pharmacologically active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6-MNA); however, it is 11-fold more efficiently converted to 4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)butan-2-ol (MNBO) via a reduction reaction in human hepatocytes. The goal of this study was to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for MNBO formation from nabumetone in the human liver. MNBO formation by human liver microsomes (HLM) was 5.7-fold higher than in the liver cytosol. In a panel of 24 individual HLM samples with quantitative proteomics data, the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 12 (HSD17B12) protein level had the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) among 4457 proteins quantified in microsomal fractions during MNBO formation. Recombinant HSD17B12 expressed in HEK293T cells exhibited prominent nabumetone reductase activity, and the contribution of HSD17B12 to the activity in the HLM was calculated as almost 100%. MNBO formation in HepG2 and Huh7 cells was significantly decreased by the knockdown of HSD17B12. We also examined the role of HSD17B12 in drug metabolism and found that recombinant HSD17B12 catalyzed the reduction reactions of pentoxifylline and S-warfarin, suggesting that HSD17B12 prefers compounds containing a methyl ketone group on the alkyl chain. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HSD17B12 is responsible for the formation of MNBO from nabumetone. Together with the evidence for pentoxifylline and S-warfarin reduction, this is the first study to report that HSD17B12, which is known to metabolize endogenous compounds, such as estrone and 3-ketoacyl-CoA, plays a role as a drug-metabolizing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ichida
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Takano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Morinaga
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsui
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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25
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Fedi A, Vitale C, Fato M, Scaglione S. A Human Ovarian Tumor & Liver Organ-on-Chip for Simultaneous and More Predictive Toxo-Efficacy Assays. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020270. [PMID: 36829764 PMCID: PMC9952600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, the poor success rate of clinical trials is becoming increasingly evident due to the weak predictability of preclinical assays, which either do not recapitulate the complexity of human tissues (i.e., in vitro tests) or reveal species-specific outcomes (i.e., animal testing). Therefore, the development of novel approaches is fundamental for better evaluating novel anti-cancer treatments. Here, a multicompartmental organ-on-chip (OOC) platform was adopted to fluidically connect 3D ovarian cancer tissues to hepatic cellular models and resemble the systemic cisplatin administration for contemporarily investigating drug efficacy and hepatotoxic effects in a physiological context. Computational fluid dynamics was performed to impose capillary-like blood flows and predict cisplatin diffusion. After a cisplatin concentration screening using 2D/3D tissue models, cytotoxicity assays were conducted in the multicompartmental OOC and compared with static co-cultures and dynamic single-organ models. A linear decay of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer and HepG2 liver cell viability was observed with increasing cisplatin concentration. Furthermore, 3D ovarian cancer models showed higher drug resistance than the 2D model in static conditions. Most importantly, when compared to clinical therapy, the experimental approach combining 3D culture, fluid-dynamic conditions, and multi-organ connection displayed the most predictive toxicity and efficacy results, demonstrating that OOC-based approaches are reliable 3Rs alternatives in preclinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Fato
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic, Computer and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy
- React4life S.p.A via Fiasella 1, 16121 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-6475206
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26
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Kim HH, Shim YR, Choi SE, Kim MH, Lee G, You HJ, Choi WM, Yang K, Ryu T, Kim K, Kim MJ, Woo C, Chung KPS, Hong SH, Eun HS, Kim SH, Ko G, Park JE, Gao B, Kim W, Jeong WI. Catecholamine induces Kupffer cell apoptosis via growth differentiation factor 15 in alcohol-associated liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:158-170. [PMID: 36631664 PMCID: PMC9898237 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption often induces hepatic steatosis but rarely causes severe inflammation in Kupffer cells (KCs) despite the increased hepatic influx of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting the presence of a veiled tolerance mechanism. In addition to LPS, the liver is affected by several gut-derived neurotransmitters through the portal blood, but the effects of catecholamines on KCs have not been clearly explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Hence, we investigated the regulatory roles of catecholamine on inflammatory KCs under chronic alcohol exposure. We discovered that catecholamine levels were significantly elevated in the cecum, portal blood, and liver tissues of chronic ethanol-fed mice. Increased catecholamines induced mitochondrial translocation of cytochrome P450 2E1 in perivenous hepatocytes expressing the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), leading to the enhanced production of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Subsequently, GDF15 profoundly increased ADRB2 expression in adjacent inflammatory KCs to facilitate catecholamine/ADRB2-mediated apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of KCs confirmed the elevated expression of Adrb2 and apoptotic genes after chronic ethanol intake. Genetic ablation of Adrb2 or hepatic Gdf15 robustly decreased the number of apoptotic KCs near perivenous areas, exacerbating alcohol-associated inflammation. Consistently, we found that blood and stool catecholamine levels and perivenous GDF15 expression were increased in patients with early-stage ALD along with an increase in apoptotic KCs. Our findings reveal a novel protective mechanism against ALD, in which the catecholamine/GDF15 axis plays a critical role in KC apoptosis, and identify a unique neuro-metabo-immune axis between the gut and liver that elicits hepatoprotection against alcohol-mediated pathogenic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Hoon Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ri Shim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Choi
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Giljae Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Mook Choi
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.413967.e0000 0001 0842 2126Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Keungmo Yang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Ryu
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyurae Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerin Woo
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Katherine Po Sin Chung
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hwa Hong
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Single-Cell Medical Genomics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Gao
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Effects of tannic acid on liver function in a small hepatocyte–based detachable microfluidic platform. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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DNMT1/PKR double knockdowned HepG2 (HepG2-DP) cells have high hepatic function and differentiation ability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21173. [PMID: 36476676 PMCID: PMC9729623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HepG2 cells are widely used as a human hepatocytes model, but their functions, including drug metabolism, are inferior to primary hepatocytes. We previously reported that the hepatic gene expressions in HepG2 cells were upregulated by treatment with zebularine, which is an inhibitor of DNA methylation, through the inhibition of both DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). In this study, we established a new HepG2 cell subline, HepG2-DP cells, by stable double knockdown of DNMT1 and PKR and evaluated its function. Albumin production, expression of CYP1A2 genes, and accumulation of lipid droplets were increased in HepG2-DP cells compared with the original HepG2 cells. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of transcription factors revealed that the expression of important genes for hepatic function, such as HNF1β, HNF4α, ONECUT1, FOXA1, FOXA2, FOXA3, and various nuclear receptors, was upregulated in HepG2-DP cells. These results indicate that the newly established HepG2-DP cells are a highly functional hepatocyte cell line. In addition, we investigated whether HepG2-DP cells are able to mature by differentiation induction, since HepG2 cells are derived from hepatoblastoma. The gene expression of major CYPs and Phase II, III drug-metabolizing enzyme genes was significantly increased in HepG2-DP cells cultured in differentiation induction medium. These results suggest that HepG2-DP cells can be further matured by the induction of differentiation and could therefore be applied to studies of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
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29
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Habil MR, Salazar-González RA, Doll MA, Hein DW. N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator genotype-dependent N-acetylation and toxicity of the arylamine carcinogen β-naphthylamine in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3257-3263. [PMID: 36112171 PMCID: PMC9641657 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We used cryopreserved human hepatocytes that express rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes to measure the N-acetylation of β-naphthylamine (BNA) which is one of the aromatic amines found in cigarette smoke including E-cigarettes. We investigated the role of NAT2 genetic polymorphism in genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by BNA. In vitro BNA NAT2 activities in rapid acetylators was 1.6 and 3.5-fold higher than intermediate (p < 0.01) and slow acetylators (p < 0.0001). BNA N-acetylation in situ was 3 to 4- fold higher in rapid acetylators than slow acetylators, following incubation with 10 and 100 µM BNA (p < 0.01). DNA damage was two to threefold higher in the rapid versus slow acetylators (p < 0.0001) and 2.5-fold higher in intermediate versus slow acetylators following BNA treatment at 100 and 1000 μM, ROS/RNS level was the highest in rapid acetylators followed by intermediate and then slow acetylators (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that the N-acetylation of BNA is NAT2 genotype dependent in cryopreserved human hepatocytes and our data further document an important role for NAT2 genetic polymorphism in modifying BNA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R Habil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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30
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Motomura T, Faccioli LA, Diaz-Aragon R, Kocas-Kilicarslan ZN, Haep N, Florentino RM, Amirneni S, Cetin Z, Peri BS, Morita K, Ostrowska A, Takeishi K, Soto-Gutierrez A, Tafaleng EN. From a Single Cell to a Whole Human Liver: Disease Modeling and Transplantation. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:413-422. [PMID: 36044927 PMCID: PMC9718640 DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the underlying cause may vary across countries and demographic groups, liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for liver failure but is limited by the lack of donor livers. The development of drugs that prevent the progression of liver disease and the generation of alternative liver constructs for transplantation could help alleviate the burden of liver disease. Bioengineered livers containing human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver cells are being utilized to study liver disease and to identify and test potential therapeutics. Moreover, bioengineered livers containing pig hepatocytes and endothelial cells have been shown to function and survive after transplantation into pig models of liver failure, providing preclinical evidence toward future clinical applications. Finally, bioengineered livers containing human iPSC-derived liver cells have been shown to function and survive after transplantation in rodents but require considerable optimization and testing prior to clinical use. In conclusion, bioengineered livers have emerged as a suitable tool for modeling liver diseases and as a promising alternative graft for clinical transplantation. The integration of novel technologies and techniques for the assembly and analysis of bioengineered livers will undoubtedly expand future applications in basic research and clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Motomura
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lanuza A.P. Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ricardo Diaz-Aragon
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Nils Haep
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sriram Amirneni
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bhaavna S. Peri
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kazutoyo Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kazuki Takeishi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edgar N. Tafaleng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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31
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Elizondo-Luévano JH, Gomez-Flores R, Verde-Star MJ, Tamez-Guerra P, Romo-Sáenz CI, Chávez-Montes A, Rodríguez-Garza NE, Quintanilla-Licea R. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212862. [PMID: 36365315 PMCID: PMC9659118 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H. Elizondo-Luévano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
| | - María J. Verde-Star
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - César I. Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Nancy E. Rodríguez-Garza
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
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32
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Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, Mulin Montechiari Machado JA, Sinoti SBP, Toullec AS, Rodrigues PM, Neves FDAR, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Prieto JM. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826395. [PMID: 36278236 PMCID: PMC9579425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants species from European -such as Artemisia absinthium, Equisetum arvense, Lamium album, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Passiflora incarnata, Frangula purshiana, and Salix alba- as well as Latin American traditions -such as Libidibia ferrea, Bidens pilosa, Casearia sylvestris, Costus spicatus, Monteverdia ilicifolia, Persea americana, Schinus terebinthifolia, Solidago chilensis, Syzygium cumini, Handroanthus impetiginosus, and Vernonanthura phosphorica- are shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, they lack many data on their action upon some key ADME targets. In this study, we assess non-toxic concentrations (up to100 μg/ml) of their infusions for in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). We further investigated the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate L. ferrea, C. sylvestris, M. ilicifolia, P. americana, S. terebinthifolia, S. cumini, V. phosphorica, E. arvense, P. incarnata, F. purshiana, and S. alba can significantly increase CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression in HepG2 cells. Only F. purshiana shown to do so likely via hPXR activation. P-gp activity was affected by L. ferrea, F. purshiana, S. terebinthifolia, and S. cumini. Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to all extracts except S. alba and S. cumini This was accompanied by a lower GGT activity in the case of C. spicatus, P. americana, S. alba, and S. terebinthifolia, whilst L. ferrea, P. incarnata and F. purshiana increased it. Surprisingly, S. cumini aqueous extract drastically decreased GGT activity (−48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines causes in vitro disturbances to key drug metabolism mechanisms. We recommend active pharmacovigilance for Libidibia ferrea (Mart.) L. P. Queiroz, Frangula purshiana Cooper, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, and Salix alba L. which were able to alter all targets in our preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flora Aparecida Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | | | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
| | - Jose Maria Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Francisco de Assis Rocha Neves, ; Dâmaris Silveira, ; Jose Maria Prieto,
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33
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Duff C, Baruteau J. Modelling urea cycle disorders using iPSCs. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:56. [PMID: 36163209 PMCID: PMC9513077 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The urea cycle is a liver-based pathway enabling disposal of nitrogen waste. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of enzymes or transporters involved in the urea cycle and have a prevalence of 1:35,000 live births. Patients present recurrent acute hyperammonaemia, which causes high rate of death and neurological sequelae. Long-term therapy relies on a protein-restricted diet and ammonia scavenger drugs. Currently, liver transplantation is the only cure. Hence, high unmet needs require the identification of effective methods to model these diseases to generate innovative therapeutics. Advances in both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies have provided an invaluable opportunity to model patient-specific phenotypes in vitro by creating patients’ avatar models, to investigate the pathophysiology, uncover novel therapeutic targets and provide a platform for drug discovery. This review summarises the progress made thus far in generating 2- and 3-dimensional iPSCs models for UCDs, the challenges encountered and how iPSCs offer future avenues for innovation in developing the next-generation of therapies for UCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Duff
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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34
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Wang B, He BS, Ruan XL, Zhu J, Hu R, Wang J, Li Y, Yang YH, Liu ML. An integrated microfluidics platform with high-throughput single-cell cloning array and concentration gradient generator for efficient cancer drug effect screening. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 36131323 PMCID: PMC9494811 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell heterogeneity mediated drug resistance has been recognized as the stumbling block of cancer treatment. Elucidating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs at single-cell level in a high-throughput way is thus of great value for developing precision therapy. However, current techniques suffer from limitations in dynamically characterizing the responses of thousands of single cells or cell clones presented to multiple drug conditions. METHODS We developed a new microfluidics-based "SMART" platform that is Simple to operate, able to generate a Massive single-cell array and Multiplex drug concentrations, capable of keeping cells Alive, Retainable and Trackable in the microchambers. These features are achieved by integrating a Microfluidic chamber Array (4320 units) and a six-Concentration gradient generator (MAC), which enables highly efficient analysis of leukemia drug effects on single cells and cell clones in a high-throughput way. RESULTS A simple procedure produces 6 on-chip drug gradients to treat more than 3000 single cells or single-cell derived clones and thus allows an efficient and precise analysis of cell heterogeneity. The statistic results reveal that Imatinib (Ima) and Resveratrol (Res) combination treatment on single cells or clones is much more efficient than Ima or Res single drug treatment, indicated by the markedly reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Additionally, single-cell derived clones demonstrate a higher IC50 in each drug treatment compared to single cells. Moreover, primary cells isolated from two leukemia patients are also found with apparent heterogeneity upon drug treatment on MAC. CONCLUSION This microfluidics-based "SMART" platform allows high-throughput single-cell capture and culture, dynamic drug-gradient treatment and cell response monitoring, which represents a new approach to efficiently investigate anticancer drug effects and should benefit drug discovery for leukemia and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
| | - Yun-Huang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Mai-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
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35
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Valenciano AL, Gomez-Lorenzo MG, Vega-Rodríguez J, Adams JH, Roth A. In vitro models for human malaria: targeting the liver stage. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:758-774. [PMID: 35780012 PMCID: PMC9378454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Plasmodium liver stage represents a vulnerable therapeutic target to prevent disease progression as the parasite resides in the liver before clinical representation caused by intraerythrocytic development. However, most antimalarial drugs target the blood stage of the parasite's life cycle, and the few drugs that target the liver stage are lethal to patients with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Furthermore, implementation of in vitro liver models to study and develop novel therapeutics against the liver stage of human Plasmodium species remains challenging. In this review, we focus on the progression of in vitro liver models developed for human Plasmodium spp. parasites, provide a brief review on important assay requirements, and lastly present recommendations to improve models to enhance the discovery process of novel preclinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lisa Valenciano
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G Gomez-Lorenzo
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel Vega-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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36
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Verdura S, Encinar JA, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Cuyàs E, Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA. Silibinin Suppresses the Hyperlipidemic Effects of the ALK-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Lorlatinib in Hepatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179986. [PMID: 36077379 PMCID: PMC9456400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The third-generation anaplastic lymphoma tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI) lorlatinib has a unique side effect profile that includes hypercholesteremia and hypertriglyceridemia in >80% of lung cancer patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lorlatinib might directly promote the accumulation of cholesterol and/or triglycerides in human hepatic cells. We investigated the capacity of the hepatoprotectant silibinin to modify the lipid-modifying activity of lorlatinib. To predict clinically relevant drug−drug interactions if silibinin were used to clinically manage lorlatinib-induced hyperlipidemic effects in hepatic cells, we also explored the capacity of silibinin to interact with and block CYP3A4 activity using in silico computational descriptions and in vitro biochemical assays. A semi-targeted ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS)-based lipidomic approach revealed that short-term treatment of hepatic cells with lorlatinib promotes the accumulation of numerous molecular species of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Silibinin treatment significantly protected the steady-state lipidome of hepatocytes against the hyperlipidemic actions of lorlatinib. Lipid staining confirmed the ability of lorlatinib to promote neutral lipid overload in hepatocytes upon long-term exposure, which was prevented by co-treatment with silibinin. Computational analyses and cell-free biochemical assays predicted a weak to moderate inhibitory activity of clinically relevant concentrations of silibinin against CYP3A4 when compared with recommended (rosuvastatin) and non-recommended (simvastatin) statins for lorlatinib-associated dyslipidemia. The elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in lorlatinib-treated lung cancer patients might involve primary alterations in the hepatic accumulation of lipid intermediates. Silibinin could be clinically explored to reduce the undesirable hyperlipidemic activity of lorlatinib in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03207 Elche, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.A.M.)
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37
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Saran C, Fu D, Ho H, Klein A, Fallon JK, Honkakoski P, Brouwer KLR. A novel differentiated HuH-7 cell model to examine bile acid metabolism, transport and cholestatic hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14333. [PMID: 35995956 PMCID: PMC9395349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cell lines serve as economical and reproducible alternatives for primary human hepatocytes. However, the utility of hepatic cell lines to examine bile acid homeostasis and cholestatic toxicity is limited due to abnormal expression and function of bile acid-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and the absence of canalicular formation. We discovered that culturing HuH-7 human hepatoma cells with dexamethasone (DEX) and 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for two weeks, with Matrigel overlay after one week, resulted in a shorter and improved differentiation process. These culture conditions increased the expression and function of the major bile acid uptake and efflux transporters, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and the bile salt export pump (BSEP), respectively, in two-week cultures of HuH-7 cells. This in vitro model was further characterized for expression and function of bile acid-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and cellular bile acids. Differentiated HuH-7 cells displayed a marked shift in bile acid composition and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7A1, CYP8B1, CYP3A4, and bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) mRNAs compared to control. Inhibition of taurocholate uptake and excretion after a 24-h treatment with prototypical cholestatic drugs suggests that differentiated HuH-7 cells are a suitable model to examine cholestatic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dong Fu
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry Ho
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Abigail Klein
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John K Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Comparative analysis of bilirubin glucuronidation activity in canine and human primary hepatocytes using a 3D culture system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:712-718. [PMID: 35913527 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Species differences in bilirubin glucuronidation activity are observed between humans and dogs through liver microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Humans exhibit higher activity than that of dogs. In this study, bilirubin glucuronidation activity was examined in canine and human primary hepatocyte spheroids formed using a 3D culture system. When spheroid development in canine and human primary hepatocytes was evaluated on days 7 and 14 after the start of culture, canine primary hepatocyte spheroids had a more distinct spherical shape than human hepatocyte spheroids, irrespective of the culture period. Furthermore, mono- and di-glucuronide generation detected in spheroids were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in human primary hepatocytes than in canine primary hepatocytes after 24 h of incubation with bilirubin for each culture period. These results suggest that there are species differences in the bilirubin glucuronidation activity of primary hepatocytes with spheroid formation between humans and dogs, with the activity being higher in humans than in dogs.
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Chen X, Liu Y, Yao H, Song W, Song Y, Gu J, Guo Y. Antibiotics-induced disruption of gut microbiota increases systemic exposure of clopidogrel active metabolite in type 2 diabetic rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:DMD-AR-2022-000906. [PMID: 35858690 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and biodisposition of drugs. Our previous study demonstrated that T2DM rats had the decreased plasma exposure of clopidogrel active metabolite (Clop-AM) due to upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However, whether the change to clopidogrel (Clop) disposition under T2DM condition is associated with gut microbiota needs to be elucidated. In the study, we used an antibiotic cocktail consisting of ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole, and neomycin to disrupt gut microbiota and observed their influence on pharmacokinetic profiles of Clop-AM. Antibiotic administration markedly alleviated T2DM rats' phenotype including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and liver dysfunction. Meanwhile, treatment with antibiotics significantly reversed the reduced systemic exposure of Clop-AM in T2DM rats relative to control rats, which was associated with the decreased intestinal P-gp level that might promote Clop absorption, resulting in more Clop transformation to Clop-AM. Fecal microbiome analysis exhibited a serious disruption of gut microbiota after antibiotic treatment with the sharply reduced microbial load and the altered microbial composition. Interestingly, an in vitro study showed that antibiotics had no influence on P-gp mRNA leve in SW480 cells, suggesting the microbiome disruption, not the direct role of antibiotics on P-gp expression, contributes to the altered P-gp level and Clop disposition in T2DM rats. The findings add new insights into the potential impact of gut microbiota on Clop biodisposition. Significance Statement 1.Antibiotics increase systemic exposure of Clop-AM in T2DM rats, which is associated with the downregulation of P-gp level.2.Antibiotics-induced disruption of gut microbiota, not direct effect of antibiotics on P-gp and CYPs expression, contributes to the altered Clop disposition.3.Antibiotics also alleviate T2DM phenotype including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, liver dysfunction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Song
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, China
| | | | - Yingjie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin university china, China
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40
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Chen D, Yin J, Yang Z, Qin W, Huo J, Huang J, Sun J, Piao W. Construction and Application of Hepatocyte Model Based on Microfluidic Chip Technique in Evaluating Emodin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132768. [PMID: 35807948 PMCID: PMC9268988 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current cytological evaluation technique of health food raw materials does not entirely meet the needs of evaluating health food. Our study adopted the microfluidic chip technique for the first time to construct a hepatocyte model of evaluating emodin, which was composed of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and microfluidic chip. The mixed glue of a model with rat tail collagen type I (1.3 mg/mL) + gelatin (7.5%) was used to simulate the microenvironment of a cell. The validity of this model was evaluated by cell proliferation activity and cell staining, and the toxicity of emodin was evaluated by a series of metabolic indicators on this model. The results indicated that the repeatability of the constructed hepatocyte model was favorable, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.8%. After emodin continuously was exposed for 48 h, the cell inhibition was obvious at 100 and 200 μM, and the number of dead cells gradually increased with the increasing of emodin concentration, and the difference of BUN was significant between the emodin group and blank group (p < 0.05). The constructed model has a favorable applicability in evaluating emodin. This study provides an important platform and a potential in vitro alternative model for assessing and predicting the health effects of health food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyong Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6623-7211; Fax: +86-010-8313-2317
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Tutty MA, Vella G, Prina-Mello A. Pre-clinical 2D and 3D toxicity response to a panel of nanomaterials; comparative assessment of NBM-induced liver toxicity. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2157-2177. [PMID: 35763196 PMCID: PMC9360078 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanobiomaterials, or NBMs, have been used in medicine and bioimaging for decades, with wide-reaching applications ranging from their uses as carriers of genes and drugs, to acting as sensors and probes. When developing nanomedicine products, it is vitally important to evaluate their safety, ensuring that both biocompatibility and efficacy are achieved so their applications in these areas can be safe and effective. When discussing the safety of nanomedicine in general terms, it is foolish to make generalised statements due to the vast array of different manufactured nanomaterials, formulated from a multitude of different materials, in many shapes and sizes; therefore, NBM pre-clinical screening can be a significant challenge. Outside of their distribution in the various tissues, organs and cells in the body, a key area of interest is the impact of NBMs on the liver. A considerable issue for researchers today is accurately predicting human-specific liver toxicity prior to clinical trials, with hepatotoxicity not only the most cited reasons for withdrawal of approved drugs, but also a primary cause of attrition in pre-launched drug candidates. To date, no simple solution to adequately predict these adverse effects exists prior to entering human experimentation. The limitations of the current pre-clinical toolkit are believed to be one of the main reasons for this, with questions being raised on the relevance of animal models in pre-clinical assessment, and over the ability of conventional, simplified in vitro cell–based assays to adequately assess new drug candidates or NBMs. Common 2D cell cultures are unable to adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues and their complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, as well as differences found in diffusion and transport conditions. Therefore, testing NBM toxicity in conventional 2D models may not be an accurate reflection of the actual toxicity these materials impart on the body. One such method of overcoming these issues is the use of 3D cultures, such as cell spheroids, to more accurately assess NBM-tissue interaction. In this study, we introduce a 3D hepatocellular carcinoma model cultured from HepG2 cells to assess both the cytotoxicity and viability observed following treatment with a variety of NBMs, namely a nanostructured lipid carrier (in the specific technical name = LipImage™ 815), a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and a panel of polymeric (in the specific technical name = PACA) NBMs. This model is also in compliance with the 3Rs policy of reduction, refinement and replacement in animal experimentation [1], and meets the critical need for more advanced in vitro models for pre-clinical nanotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Tutty
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), TTMI, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Gabriele Vella
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), TTMI, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), TTMI, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Hammour MM, Othman A, Aspera-Werz R, Braun B, Weis-Klemm M, Wagner S, Nadalin S, Histing T, Ruoß M, Nüssler AK. Optimisation of the HepaRG cell line model for drug toxicity studies using two different cultivation conditions: advantages and limitations. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2511-2521. [PMID: 35748891 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The HepaRG cell line represents a successful model for hepatotoxicity studies. These cells are of human origin and are differentiated in vitro into mature and functional hepatocyte-like cells. The objective of this research was to compare two different culture protocols, Sison-Young et al. 2017 (hereinafter referred as Sison) and Gripon et al. 2002 (hereinafter referred as Biopredic) for HepaRG cells in order to optimise this model for drug metabolism and toxicity testing studies. HepaRG cells obtained from the same batch were cultured according to the described protocols. Using both protocols, differentiated HepaRG cells retained their drug metabolic capacity (major phase I/II enzymes) and transporters, as well as their morphological characteristics. Morphologically, HepaRG cells cultured after the Biopredic protocol formed more apical membranes and small ductular-like structures, than those cultivated using the Sison protocol. Also, the efflux activity of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) as well as the activity of uridine-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly reduced in HepaRG cultured using the Sison protocol. Applying well-established drug cocktails to measure cytochrome P450 (CYPs) activity, we found that production of the corresponding metabolites was hampered in Sison-cultured HepaRG cells, indicating that the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 was significantly reduced. Moreover, HepaRG sensitivity to well-known drugs, namely diclofenac, amiodarone, imipramine and paracetamol, revealed some differences between the two culture protocols. Furthermore, the HepaRG cells can be maintained with higher viability and sufficient CYPs activity and expression (i.e. CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP2B6) as well as liver-specific functions, using Biopredic compared with the Sison culture protocol. These maintained liver-specific functions might be dependent on the prolongation of the culture conditions in the case of the Biopredic protocol. In conclusion, based on the metabolic activity of HepaRG cells using the standard protocol from Biopredic, we believe that this protocol is optimal for investigating drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Majd Hammour
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina Aspera-Werz
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Braun
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michaela Weis-Klemm
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Klinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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43
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Mirahmad M, Sabourian R, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Safavi M. In vitro cell-based models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity screening: progress and limitation. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:161-193. [PMID: 35403528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2064487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major causes of post-approval withdrawal of therapeutics. As a result, there is an increasing need for accurate predictive in vitro assays that reliably detect hepatotoxic drug candidates while reducing drug discovery time, costs, and the number of animal experiments. In vitro hepatocyte-based research has led to an improved comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of chemical toxicity and can assist the prioritization of therapeutic choices with low hepatotoxicity risk. Therefore, several in vitro systems have been generated over the last few decades. This review aims to comprehensively present the development and validation of 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) culture approaches on hepatotoxicity screening of compounds and highlight the main factors affecting predictive power of experiments. To this end, we first summarize some of the recognized hepatotoxicity mechanisms and related assays used to appraise DILI mechanisms and then discuss the challenges and limitations of in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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44
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Perera D, Soysa P, Wijeratne S. A Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Hepatocyte-like Cells and HepG2 Cells for Use in Drug-Induced Liver Injury Studies. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:146-155. [DOI: 10.1177/02611929221091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver cell lines obtained from hepatomas, for example, HepG2 cells, are commonly used in drug toxicity studies. However, functional hepatocyte-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a better option for use in the study of drug metabolism and toxicity. Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) and excess alcohol consumption are common causes of liver damage. The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of MSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (MSCdH) in the assessment of drug-induced liver injury (by using APAP and ethanol), and to compare the toxic effects observed in the MSCdH with those exhibited by HepG2 cells. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord and their functionality confirmed by their ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and hepatocyte-like cells. It was shown that the MSCs successfully differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells, and these cells were further characterised by using various enzyme assays and by assessing albumin secretion and urea synthesis. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in the HepG2 and MSCdH after exposure to ethanol and APAP, with cell viability being determined by using the MTT assay. After exposure to ethanol and to APAP, cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner for both types of hepatocytes. The respective EC50 values of ethanol-induced toxicity for HepG2 and MSCdH cells were 2.5% and 1.3% v/v ( p < 0.001); for APAP-induced toxicity they were 19.1 mM and 12.6 mM ( p < 0.001). These findings show that there is a distinct difference between the two types of hepatocytes in terms of APAP-induced and ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dananjaya Perera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Colombo, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi Soysa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Colombo, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sumedha Wijeratne
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Colombo, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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45
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Tang LWT, Lim RYR, Venkatesan G, Chan ECY. Rational deuteration of dronedarone attenuates its toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:311-324. [PMID: 35510231 PMCID: PMC9052316 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuteration is a chemical modification strategy that has recently gained traction in drug development. The replacement of one or more hydrogen atom(s) in a drug molecule with its heavier stable isotope deuterium can enhance its metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties. However, it remains uninterrogated if rational deuteration at bioactivation "hot-spots" could attenuate its associated toxicological consequences. Here, our preliminary screening with benzofuran antiarrhythmic agents first revealed that dronedarone and its major metabolite N-desbutyldronedarone elicited a greater loss of viability and cytotoxicity in human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells as compared with amiodarone and its corresponding metabolite N-desethylamiodarone. A comparison of dronedarone and its in-house synthesized deuterated analogue (termed poyendarone) demonstrated that deuteration could attenuate its in vitro toxicity in HepG2 cells by modulating the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and evoking a distinct apoptotic kinetic signature. Furthermore, although pretreatment with the CYP3A inducer rifampicin or the substitution of glucose with galactose in the growth media significantly augmented the loss of cell viability elicited by dronedarone and poyendarone, a lower loss of cell viability was consistently observed in poyendarone across all concentrations. Taken together, our preliminary investigations suggested that the rational deuteration of dronedarone at its benzofuran ring reduces aberrant cytochrome P450 3A4/5-mediated bioactivation, which attenuated its mitochondrial toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Royden Yu Ren Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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46
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Li X, Li Y, Ning KG, Chen S, Guo L, Bonzo JA, Mei N. The expression of Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes in human B-lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:106-118. [PMID: 35895929 PMCID: PMC9346962 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2044242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing plays an important role in chemical risk assessment. The human B-lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 is widely used as a standard cell line for regulatory safety evaluations. Like many other mammalian cell lines, TK6 cells have limited metabolic capacity; therefore, usually require a source of exogenous metabolic activation for use in genotoxicity testing. Previously, we developed a set of TK6-derived cell lines that individually express one of fourteen cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In the present study, we surveyed a panel of major Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes to characterize their baseline expression in TK6 cells. These results may serve as a reference enzymatic profile of this commonly used cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Yuxi Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Kylie G. Ning
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jessica A. Bonzo
- Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology for Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Rozman M, Štukovnik Z, Sušnik A, Pakseresht A, Hočevar M, Drobne D, Bren U. A HepG2 Cell-Based Biosensor That Uses Stainless Steel Electrodes for Hepatotoxin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030160. [PMID: 35323430 PMCID: PMC8946082 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to environmental hepatotoxins, which can lead to liver failure. Biosensors may be the best candidate for the detection of hepatotoxins because of their high sensitivity and specificity, convenience, time-saving, low cost, and extremely low detection limit. To investigate suitability of HepG2 cells for biosensor use, different methods of adhesion on stainless steel surfaces were investigated, with three groups of experiments performed in vitro. Cytotoxicity assays, which include the resazurin assay, the neutral red assay (NR), and the Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) assay, were used to determine the viability of HepG2 cells exposed to various concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and isoniazid (INH) in parallel. The viability of the HepG2 cells on the stainless steel surface was quantitatively and qualitatively examined with different microscopy techniques. A simple cell-based electrochemical biosensor was developed by evaluating the viability of the HepG2 cells on the stainless steel surface when exposed to various concentrations of AFB1 and INH by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that HepG2 cells can adhere to the metal surface and could be used as part of the biosensor to determine simple hepatotoxic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rozman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- FunGlass—Center for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
| | - Ajda Sušnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amirhossein Pakseresht
- FunGlass—Center for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (D.D.)
- Institute of Metals and Technology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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48
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Telles-Silva KA, Pacheco L, Komatsu S, Chianca F, Caires-Júnior LC, Araujo BHS, Goulart E, Zatz M. Applied Hepatic Bioengineering: Modeling the Human Liver Using Organoid and Liver-on-a-Chip Technologies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845360. [PMID: 35237587 PMCID: PMC8882846 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most important metabolic hub of endo and xenobiotic compounds. Pre-clinical studies using rodents to evaluate the toxicity of new drugs and cosmetics may produce inconclusive results for predicting clinical outcomes in humans, moreover being banned in the European Union. Human liver modeling using primary hepatocytes presents low reproducibility due to batch-to-batch variability, while iPSC-derived hepatocytes in monolayer cultures (2D) show reduced cellular functionality. Here we review the current status of the two most robust in vitro approaches in improving hepatocyte phenotype and metabolism while mimicking the hepatic physiological microenvironment: organoids and liver-on-chip. Both technologies are reviewed in design and manufacturing techniques, following cellular composition and functionality. Furthermore, drug screening and liver diseases modeling efficiencies are summarized. Finally, organoid and liver-on-chip technologies are compared regarding advantages and limitations, aiming to guide the selection of appropriate models for translational research and the development of such technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayque Alves Telles-Silva
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Pacheco
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Komatsu
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Chianca
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Goulart, ; Mayana Zatz,
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center (HUG-CEL), Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Goulart, ; Mayana Zatz,
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Lu Q, Luo JY, Ruan HN, Wang CJ, Yang MH. Structure-toxicity relationships, toxicity mechanisms and health risk assessment of food-borne modified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151192. [PMID: 34710421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin, as one of the most common pollutants in foodstuffs, poses great threat to food security and human health. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)-two mycotoxin contaminants with considerable toxicity widely existing in food products-have aroused broad public concerns. Adding to this picture, modified forms of DON and ZEN, have emerged as another potential environmental and health threat, owing to their higher re-transformation rate into parent mycotoxins inducing accumulation of mycotoxin in humans and animals. Given this, a better understanding of the toxicity of modified mycotoxins is urgently needed. Moreover, the lack of toxicity data means a proper risk assessment of modified mycotoxins remains challenging. To better evaluate the toxicity of modified DON and ZEN, we have reviewed the relationship between their structures and toxicities. The toxicity mechanisms behind modified DON and ZEN have also been discussed; briefly, these involve acute, subacute, chronic, and combined toxicities. In addition, this review also addresses the global occurrence of modified DON and ZEN, and summarizes novel methods-including in silico analysis and implementation of relative potency factors-for risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN. Finally, the health risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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50
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Asadian S, Piryaei A, Gheibi N, Aziz Kalantari B, Reza Davarpanah M, Azad M, Kapustina V, Alikhani M, Moghbeli Nejad S, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Rhenium Perrhenate ( 188ReO 4) Induced Apoptosis and Reduced Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:305. [PMID: 35053421 PMCID: PMC8774126 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a crucial challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy can potentially be a practical targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide used in the clinic to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, appropriate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact is still lacking. Thus, we herein aimed to assess 188Re as a potential therapeutic component for HCC in 2D and 3D models. The death rate in treated Huh7 and HepG2 lines was significantly higher than in untreated control groups using viability assay. After treatment with 188ReO4, Annexin/PI data indicated considerable apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells after 48 h but not Huh7 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also showed increased apoptosis in response to 188ReO4 treatment. In Huh7 cells, exposure to an effective dose of 188ReO4 led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Moreover, colony formation assay confirmed post-exposure growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Then, the immunostaining displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4-treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver ECM. The PI3-AKT signaling pathway was activated in 3D culture but not in 2D culture. In nude mice, Huh7 cells treated with an effective dose of 188ReO4 lost their tumor formation ability compared to the control group. These findings suggest that 188ReO4 can be a potential new therapeutic agent against HCC through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor formation. This approach can be effectively combined with antibodies and peptides for more selective and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Bagher Aziz Kalantari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 16255879, Iran;
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Valentina Kapustina
- Department of Internal Medicine N1, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Sahar Moghbeli Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 17456987, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
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