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Knigge T. Antidepressants - The new endocrine disruptors? The case of crustaceans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112155. [PMID: 38185462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Antidepressants are high-volume pharmaceuticals that accumulate to concentrations in the μg·L-1 range in surface waters. The release of peptide hormones via neurosecretory cells appears as a natural target for antidepressants. Here I review research that suggests that antidepressants indeed disrupt endocrine signalling in crustaceans, by acting on the synthesis and release of neurohormones, such as crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone, moult inhibiting hormone and pigment dispersing hormone in decapods, as well as methyl farnesoate in Daphnids. Hence, antidepressants can affect hormonal regulation of physiological functions: increase in energy metabolism and activity, lowered ecdysteroid levels, potentially disrupting moult and somatic growth, reducing colour change capacity and compromising camouflage, as well as induction of male sex determination. Several studies further suggest effects of antidepressants on crustacean reproduction, but the hormonal regulation of these effects remains elusive. All things considered, a body of evidence strongly suggests that antidepressants are endocrine disrupting compounds in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandie Univ, Unilehavre, FR CNRS 3730 Sciences Appliquées à L'Environnement, UMR-I02, Environmental Stress and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments, University of Le Havre Normandy, France.
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2
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Kalhor HR, Taghikhani E. Probe into the Molecular Mechanism of Ibuprofen Interaction with Warfarin Bound to Human Serum Albumin in Comparison to Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids: Allosteric Inhibition of Anticoagulant Release. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4045-4057. [PMID: 34292735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The release of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin from human serum albumin (HSA) has been important not only mechanistically but also clinically for patients who take multiple drugs simultaneously. In this study, the role of some commonly used drugs, including s-ibuprofen, ascorbic acid, and salicylic acid, was investigated in the release of warfarin bound to HSA in silico. The effects of the aforementioned drugs on the HSA-warfarin complex were investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using two approaches; in the first perspective, molecular docking was used to model the interaction of each drug with the HSA-warfarin complex, and in the second approach, drugs were positioned randomly and distant from the binary complex (HSA-warfarin) in a physiologically relevant concentration. The results obtained from both approaches indicated that s-ibuprofen and ascorbic acid both displayed allosteric effects on the release of warfarin from HSA. Although ascorbic acid aided in warfarin release, leading to destabilization of HSA, ibuprofen demonstrated a stabilizing effect on releasing the anticoagulant drug through several noncovalent interactions, including hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the protein. The calculated binding free energy and energy contribution of involved residues using the molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method, along with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, protein gyration, and free energy surface (FES) mapping of the protein, provided valuable details on the nature of the interactions of each drug on the release of warfarin from HSA. These results can provide important information on the mechanisms of anticoagulant release that has not been revealed in molecular details previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Kalhor
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Taghikhani
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Quigley JA, Logsdon MK, Turner CA, Gonzalez IL, Leonardo NB, Becker JB. Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108491. [PMID: 33567305 PMCID: PMC7979496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews evidence for sex differences in vulnerability to addiction with an emphasis on the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Sex differences in the way that the gonadal hormone, estradiol, interacts with the ascending telencephalic dopamine system results in sex differences in motivated behaviors, including drug-seeking. In rodents, repeated psychostimulant exposure enhances incentive sensitization to a greater extent in females than males. Estradiol increases females' motivation to attain psychostimulants and enhances the value of drug related cues, which ultimately increases their susceptibility towards spontaneous relapse. This, along with females' dampened ability to alter decisions regarding risky behaviors, enhances their vulnerability for escalation of drug use. In males, recent evidence suggests that estradiol may be protective against susceptibility towards drug-preference. Sex differences in the actions of estradiol are reviewed to provide a foundation for understanding how future research might enhance understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences in addiction-related behaviors, which are dependent on estradiol receptor (ER) subtype and the region of the brain they are acting in. A comprehensive review of the distribution of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 throughout the rodent brain are provided along with a discussion of the possible ways in which these patterns differentially regulate drug-taking between the sexes. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the actions of gonadal hormones on the circuitry of the stress system, including the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor. Sex differences in the stress system can also contribute to females' enhanced vulnerability towards addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Quigley
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Molly K Logsdon
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Christopher A Turner
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Ivette L Gonzalez
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - N B Leonardo
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Jill B Becker
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA.
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Adegoke EO, Rahman MS, Pang MG. Bisphenols Threaten Male Reproductive Health via Testicular Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 33042007 PMCID: PMC7518410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function and health are largely dependent on the testes, which are strictly regulated by their major cell components, i. e., Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells. Sertoli cells perform a crucial phagocytic function in addition to supporting the development of germ cells. Leydig cells produce hormones essential for male reproductive function, and germ cell quality is a key parameter for male fertility assessment. However, these cells have been identified as primary targets of endocrine disruptors, including bisphenols. Bisphenols are a category of man-made organic chemicals used to manufacture plastics, epoxy resins, and personal care products such as lipsticks, face makeup, and nail lacquers. Despite long-term uncertainty regarding their safety, bisphenols are still being used worldwide, especially bisphenol A. While considerable attention has been paid to the effects of bisphenols on health, current bisphenol-related reproductive health cases indicate that greater attention should be given to these chemicals. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A, F, and S, have been reported to elicit various effects on testicular cells, including apoptosis, DNA damage, disruption of intercommunication among cells, mitochondrial damage, disruption of tight junctions, and arrest of proliferation, which threaten male reproductive health. In addition, bisphenols are xenoestrogens, which alter organs and cells functions via agonistic or antagonistic interplay with hormone receptors. In this review, we provide in utero, in vivo, and in vitro evidence that currently available brands of bisphenols impair male reproductive health through their action on testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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5
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Pagano MT, Ortona E, Dupuis ML. A Role for Estrogen Receptor alpha36 in Cancer Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:506. [PMID: 32849292 PMCID: PMC7411082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor that directly binds specific estrogen responsive elements, thus regulating the transcription of estrogen sensitive genes. ERα has also been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane (membrane associated ERα, mERα), concentrated in lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains with a distinct lipid composition, where it transduces membrane-initiated estrogen-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Two isoforms of ERα have been described: the "traditional" ERα66 (66 kDa) and a lower molecular weight variant: the ERα46 (46 kDa). More recently, a novel ERα variant with a molecular mass of 36 kDa (ERα36) has been discovered. Notably, ERα36 has been found expressed in different human tumor cells, including both ER- positive and ER- negative breast cancer cells. Estrogen signaling at the cell membrane via ERα36 appears as capable of activating multiple pathways of importance for cancer aggressiveness and metastatic potential. The presence of serum autoantibodies reacting with mERα (anti-ERα Abs) in a large percentage of patients with breast cancer has recently been reported by our group. These anti-ERα Abs seem to act as estrogen agonists rapidly triggering MAP kinase pathway activation thus inducing tumor cell proliferation and overcoming cell resistance to anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen. In this review, we describe the involvement of ERα36 in different tumors. We also report the potential pathogenetic activity of anti-ERα Abs and their implication in drug resistance.
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Moreman J, Lee O, Trznadel M, David A, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Acute Toxicity, Teratogenic, and Estrogenic Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Alternative Replacements Bisphenol S, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol AF in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12796-12805. [PMID: 29016128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical incorporated into plastics and resins, has estrogenic activity and is associated with adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. Similarly structured BPA analogues are widely used but far less is known about their potential toxicity or estrogenic activity in vivo. We undertook the first comprehensive analysis on the toxicity and teratogenic effects of the bisphenols BPA, BPS, BPF, and BPAF in zebrafish embryo-larvae and an assessment on their estrogenic mechanisms in an estrogen-responsive transgenic fish Tg(ERE:Gal4ff)(UAS:GFP). The rank order for toxicity was BPAF > BPA > BPF > BPS. Developmental deformities for larval exposures included cardiac edema, spinal malformation, and craniofacial deformities and there were distinct differences in the effects and potencies between the different bisphenol chemicals. These effects, however, occurred only at concentrations between 1.0 and 200 mg/L which exceed those in most environments. All bisphenol compounds induced estrogenic responses in Tg(ERE:Gal4ff)(UAS:GFP) zebrafish that were inhibited by coexposure with ICI 182 780, demonstrating an estrogen receptor dependent mechanism. Target tissues included the heart, liver, somite muscle, fins, and corpuscles of Stannius. The rank order for estrogenicity was BPAF > BPA = BPF > BPS. Bioconcentration factors were 4.5, 17.8, 5.3, and 0.067 for exposure concentrations of 1.0, 1.0, 0.10, and 50 mg/L for BPA, BPF, BPAF, and BPS, respectively. We thus show that these BPA alternatives induce similar toxic and estrogenic effects to BPA and that BPAF is more potent than BPA, further highlighting health concerns regarding the use of BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Moreman
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur David
- University of Sussex , School of Life Sciences, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Understanding the Inguinal Sinus in Sheep (Ovis aries)-Morphology, Secretion, and Expression of Progesterone, Estrogens, and Prolactin Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071516. [PMID: 28703772 PMCID: PMC5536006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-parturient behavior of mammalian females is essential for early parent–offspring contact. After delivery, lambs need to ingest colostrum for obtaining the related immunological protection, and early interactions between the mother and the lamb are crucial. Despite visual and auditory cues, olfactory cues are decisive in lamb orientation to the mammary gland. In sheep, the inguinal sinus is located bilaterally near the mammary gland as a skin pouch (IGS) that presents a gland that secretes a strong-smelling wax. Sheep IGS gland functions have many aspects under evaluation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate sheep IGS gland functional aspects and mRNA transcription and the protein expression of several hormone receptors, such as progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and 2 (ESR2) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) present. In addition, another aim was to achieve information about IGS ultrastructure and chemical compounds produced in this gland. All hormone receptors evaluated show expression in IGS during the estrous cycle (follicular/luteal phases), pregnancy, and the post-partum period. IGS secretion is rich in triterpenoids that totally differ from the surrounding skin. They might be essential substances for the development of an olfactory preference of newborns to their mothers.
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“Cherchez La Femme”: Modulation of Estrogen Receptor Function With Selective Modulators: Clinical Implications in the Field of Urology. Sex Med Rev 2017; 5:365-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Mokrushnikov PV. Mechanical stresses in erythrocyte membranes (theoretical models). Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Weeks KL, Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. The IGF1-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in Mediating Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:187-210. [PMID: 29098623 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity or exercise training can lead to heart enlargement known as cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is broadly defined as an increase in heart mass. In adults, cardiac hypertrophy is often considered a poor prognostic sign because it often progresses to heart failure. Heart enlargement in a setting of cardiac disease is referred to as pathological cardiac hypertrophy and is typically characterized by cell death and depressed cardiac function. By contrast, physiological cardiac hypertrophy, as occurs in response to chronic exercise training (i.e. the 'athlete's heart'), is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function. The following chapter describes the morphologically distinct types of heart growth, and the key role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) - phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway in regulating exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac protection. Finally we summarize therapeutic approaches that target the IGF1-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which are showing promise in preclinical models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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11
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Kim SA, Lee KY, Kim JR, Choi HC. Estrogenic compound attenuates angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through interaction between LKB1 and estrogen receptor α. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:78-85. [PMID: 27665370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease is higher for males than females, and estradiol (E2) induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is known to regulate proliferation of VSMC. We identified the estrogenic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, a lignan phytoestrogen) that inhibit VSMC proliferation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Both the phosphorylation and expression of LKB1 were increased by NDGA. In addition, NDGA significantly attenuated angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMC proliferation. To elucidate the estrogenic effects, we confirmed that NDGA increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression, similar to treatment with E2 and estriol (E3). Furthermore, tamoxifen and ERα siRNA obstructed the effects of NDGA including ERα expression, AMPK phosphorylation and both LKB1 phosphorylation and expression. VSMC proliferation was restored by tamoxifen and ERα siRNA. LKB1 siRNA also reversed the NDGA-mediated inhibition of VSMC proliferation. The estrogenic activity of NDGA induced LKB1 translocation from nucleus to cytosol, and tamoxifen obstructed LKB1 translocation. The absence of LKB1 completely abolished the increase of ERα expression induced by NDGA. Taken together, the beneficial effects of estrogenic compound (E2 and NDGA) on inhibition of VSMC proliferation are mediated by interaction between LKB1 and ERα, suggesting a potential mechanism for females having less cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Pugach EK, Blenck CL, Dragavon JM, Langer SJ, Leinwand LA. Estrogen receptor profiling and activity in cardiac myocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:62-70. [PMID: 27164442 PMCID: PMC4899180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling appears critical in the heart. However a mechanistic understanding of the role of estrogen in the cardiac myocyte is lacking. Moreover, there are multiple cell types in the heart and multiple estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms. Therefore, we studied expression, localization, transcriptional and signaling activity of ERs in isolated cardiac myocytes. We found only ERα RNA (but no ERβ RNA) in cardiac myocytes using two independent methods. The vast majority of full-length ERα protein (ERα66) localizes to cardiac myocyte nuclei where it is competent to activate transcription. Alternate isoforms of ERα encoded by the same genomic locus (ERα46 and ERα36) have differential transcriptional activity in cardiac myocytes but also primarily localize to nuclei. In contrast to other reports, no ERα isoform is competent to activate MAPK or PI3K signaling in cardiac myocytes. Together these data support a role for ERα at the level of transcription in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Pugach
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Christa L Blenck
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Joseph M Dragavon
- University of Colorado, BioFrontiers Advanced Light Microscopy Core, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Stephen J Langer
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
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13
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Chu X, Gagnidze K, Pfaff D, Ågmo A. Estrogens, androgens and generalized behavioral arousal in gonadectomized female and male C57BL/6 mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:255-63. [PMID: 25936820 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
General arousal has been operationally defined as an enhanced motor activity and enhanced intensity of response to sensory stimuli. Even though the effects of gonadal hormones on mating behavior have been much studied, their potential effect on generalized arousal, as defined above, has never been evaluated. In the present study we employed a thoroughly validated assay of general arousal to determine the effects of estradiol (E) and testosterone (T) in gonadectomized female and male mice, respectively. The steroids were administered in three different ways: A fast-acting, water soluble preparation given intraperitoneally, an oil solution given subcutaneously, and an oil solution in a subcutaneous Silastic capsule. Motor activity and responses to sensory stimuli were recorded for 24h, 91h, and seven days following hormone administration, respectively. All measures of arousal varied according to the day/night cycle. The water soluble steroid preparation had no reliable effect. When the same doses of estradiol and testosterone were administered subcutaneously in an oil vehicle no effect of either treatment on arousal was observed. The subcutaneously implanted capsule containing estradiol or testosterone had a delayed effect on motor activity in females (four to seven days) but no effect in males. The long time required by the gonadal hormones for affecting arousal would be consistent with, but does not prove, a genomic action. The limited effects of E and T in our arousal assay suggest to us that the strongest actions of these hormones on arousal occur in the context of sequences of responses to sexually relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chu
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Khatuna Gagnidze
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
| | - Donald Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
| | - Anders Ågmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Gustavson L, Ciesielski TM, Bytingsvik J, Styrishave B, Hansen M, Lie E, Aars J, Jenssen BM. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls decrease circulating steroids in female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:191-201. [PMID: 25725300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a top predator in the Arctic food chain, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are exposed to high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Because several of these compounds have been reported to alter endocrine pathways, such as the steroidogenesis, potential disruption of the sex steroid synthesis by POPs may cause implications for reproduction by interfering with ovulation, implantation and fertility. Blood samples were collected from 15 female polar bears in Svalbard (Norway) in April 2008. The concentrations of nine circulating steroid hormones; dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (AN), testosterone (TS), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2), 17β-estradiol (βE2), pregnenolone (PRE) and progesterone (PRO) were determined. The aim of the study was to investigate associations among circulating levels of specific POP compounds and POP-metabolites (hydroxylated PCBs [OH-PCBs] and hydroxylated PBDEs [OH-PBDEs]), steroid hormones, biological and capture variables in female polar bears. Inverse correlations were found between circulating levels of PRE and AN, and circulating levels of OH-PCBs. There were no significant relationships between the steroid concentrations and other analyzed POPs or the variables capture date and capture location (latitude and longitude), lipid content, condition and body mass. Although statistical associations do not necessarily represent direct cause-effect relationships, the present study indicate that OH-PCBs may affect the circulating levels of AN and PRE in female polar bears and that OH-PCBs thus may interfere with the steroid homeostasis. Increase in PRO and a decrease in AN concentrations suggest that the enzyme CYP17 may be a potential target for OH-PCBs. In combination with natural stressors, ongoing climate change and contaminant exposure, it is possible that OH-PCBs may disturb the reproductive potential of polar bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gustavson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- University of Copenhagen, Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Lie
- The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH), Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jon Aars
- Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Osmak-Tizon L, Poussier M, Cottin Y, Rochette L. Non-genomic actions of thyroid hormones: Molecular aspects. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:207-11. [PMID: 24680385 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Cottin
- Service de cardiologie, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de physiopathologie et pharmacologie cardio-métabolique (LPPCM), Inserm UMR866, facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie et pharmacologie cardio-métabolique (LPPCM), Inserm UMR866, facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 7, boulevard Jeanne-d'Arc, BP 87900, 21079 Dijon, France.
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16
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Cioffi F, Senese R, Lanni A, Goglia F. Thyroid hormones and mitochondria: with a brief look at derivatives and analogues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 379:51-61. [PMID: 23769708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a multiplicity of effects. Early in life, they mainly affect development and differentiation, while later on they have particularly important influences over metabolic processes in almost all tissues. It is now quite widely accepted that thyroid hormones have two types of effects on mitochondria. The first is a rapid stimulation of respiration, which is evident within minutes/hours after hormone treatment, and it is probable that extranuclear/non-genomic mechanisms underlie this effect. The second response occurs one to several days after hormone treatment, and leads to mitochondrial biogenesis and to a change in mitochondrial mass. The hormone signal for the second response involves both T3-responsive nuclear genes and a direct action of T3 at mitochondrial binding sites. T3, by binding to a specific mitochondrial receptor and affecting the transcription apparatus, may thus act in a coordinated manner with the T3 nuclear pathway to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover. Transcription factors, coactivators, corepressors, signaling pathways and, perhaps, all play roles in these mechanisms. This review article focuses chiefly on TH, but also looks briefly at some analogues and derivatives (on which the data is still somewhat patchy). We summarize data obtained recently and in the past to try to obtain an updated picture of the current research position concerning the metabolic effects of TH, with particular emphasis on those exerted via mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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17
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Storaci V, Eblen-Zajjur A. Nongenomic effect of levothyroxine on the synchronous electrical activity of the spinal dorsal horn in the rat. Somatosens Mot Res 2013; 31:23-7. [PMID: 23919349 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2013.819798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Levothyroxine (T4) has a well-known effect on the central nervous system (CNS). This effect requires hours of latency by genetic pathway. We tested for short latency nongenomic effects of T4 superfusion on the spinal dorsal horn (DH) evaluating lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials in rats. T4 increased N and P wave amplitudes and N wave area under the curve, but reduced P wave duration and N-P interval, suggesting that T4 exerts both excitatory and synchronizing effects on DH interneurons in less than 300 s, thus, providing evidence of nongenomic effects of T4 on DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónika Storaci
- Dpto. de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo , Valencia , Venezuela
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18
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Kim HY, Mohan S. Role and Mechanisms of Actions of Thyroid Hormone on the Skeletal Development. Bone Res 2013; 1:146-61. [PMID: 26273499 DOI: 10.4248/br201302004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the thyroid hormone axis in the regulation of skeletal growth and maintenance has been well established from clinical studies involving patients with mutations in proteins that regulate synthesis and/or actions of thyroid hormone. Data from genetic mouse models involving disruption and overexpression of components of the thyroid hormone axis also provide direct support for a key role for thyroid hormone in the regulation of bone metabolism. Thyroid hormone regulates proliferation and/or differentiated actions of multiple cell types in bone including chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Thyroid hormone effects on the target cells are mediated via ligand-inducible nuclear receptors/transcription factors, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β, of which TRα seems to be critically important in regulating bone cell functions. In terms of mechanisms for thyroid hormone action, studies suggest that thyroid hormone regulates a number of key growth factor signaling pathways including insulin-like growth factor-I, parathyroid hormone related protein, fibroblast growth factor, Indian hedgehog and Wnt to influence skeletal growth. In this review we describe findings from various genetic mouse models and clinical mutations of thyroid hormone signaling related mutations in humans that pertain to the role and mechanism of action of thyroid hormone in the regulation of skeletal growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA HealthCare System , Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA ; Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital , Gunpo, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA HealthCare System , Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA ; Departments of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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19
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Zanatta AP, Zanatta L, Gonçalves R, Zamoner A, Silva FRMB. Integrin participates in the effect of thyroxine on plasma membrane in immature rat testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2629-37. [PMID: 23137442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretory activity of Sertoli cells (SC) is dependent on ion channel functions and protein synthesis and is critical to ongoing spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action associated with a non-metabolizable amino acid [14C]-MeAIB (alpha-(methyl-amino)isobutyric acid) accumulation stimulated by T4 and the role of the integrin receptor in this event, and also to clarify whether the T4 effect on MeAIB accumulation and on Ca2+ influx culminates in cell secretion. METHODS We have studied the rapid and plasma membrane initiated effects of T4 by using 45Ca2+ uptake and [45C]-MeAIB accumulation assays, respectively. Thymidine incorporation into DNA was used to monitor nuclear activity and quinacrine to analyze the secretory activity on SC. RESULTS The stimulation of MeAIB accumulation byT4 appears to be mediated by the integrin receptor in the plasma membrane since tetrac and RGD peptide were able to nullify the effect of this hormone. In addition, T4 increases extracellular Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ from intracellular stocks to enhance nuclear activity, but this genomic action seems not to influence SC secretion mediated by T4. Also, the cytoskeleton and CIC-3 chloride channel contribute to the membrane-associated responses of SC. CONCLUSIONS T4 integrin receptor activation ultimately determines the plasma membrane responses on amino acid transport in SC, but it is not involved in calcium influx, cell secretion or the nuclear effect of the hormone. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The integrin receptor activation by T4 may take a role in plasma membrane processes involved in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zanatta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina, Brazil
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20
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Gilbert RP, Guyenne P, Liu Y. Modeling of the kinetics of vitamin D(3) in osteoblastic cells. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2013; 10:319-344. [PMID: 23458303 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A one-dimensional model for the transport of vitamin D(3) in an osteoblast cell is proposed, from its entry through the membrane to its activation of RANKL synthesis in the nucleus. In the membrane and cytoplasm, the transport of D(3) and RANKL is described by a diffusion process, while their interaction in the nucleus is modeled by a reaction-diffusion process. For the latter, an integral equation involving the boundary conditions, as well as an asymptotic solution in the regime of small concentrations, are derived. Numerical simulations are also performed to investigate the kinetics of D(3) and RANKL through the entire cell. Comparison between the asymptotics and numerics in the nucleus shows an excellent agreement. To our knowledge, this is the first time, albeit using a simple model, a description of the complete passage of D(3) through the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, into the cell nucleus, and finally the production of RANKL with its passage to the exterior of the cell, has been modeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Gilbert
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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21
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Galluzzo P, Marino M. Nutritional flavonoids impact on nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor activities. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 1:161-76. [PMID: 18850212 DOI: 10.1007/bf02829966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of nonnutrient compounds naturally produced from plants as part of their defence mechanisms against stresses of different origins. They emerged from being considered an agricultural oddity only after it was observed that these compounds possess a potential protective function against several human degenerative diseases. This has led to recommending the consumption of food containing high concentrations of flavonoids, which at present, especially as soy isoflavones, are even available as overthecounter nutraceuticals. The increased use of flavonoids has occurred even though their mechanisms are not completely understood, in particular those involving the flavonoid impact on estrogen signals. In fact, most of the human health protective effects of flavonoids are described either as estrogenmimetic, or as antiestrogenic, while others do not involve estrogen signaling at all. Thus, the same molecule is reported as an endocrine disruptor, an estrogen mimetic or as an antioxidant without estrogenic effects. This is due in part to the complexity of the estrogen mechanism, which is conducted by different pathways and involves two different receptor isoforms. These pathways can be modulated by flavonoids and should be considered for a reliable evaluation of flavonoid, both estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity, and for a correct prediction of their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galluzzo
- Department of Biology, University "Roma Tre", Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146, Roma, Italy
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22
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Fiocchetti M, Ascenzi P, Marino M. Neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol rely on estrogen receptor membrane initiated signals. Front Physiol 2012; 3:73. [PMID: 22493583 PMCID: PMC3319910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its crucial role in many physiological events, 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts protective effects in the central nervous system. The E2 effects are not restricted to the brain areas related with the control of reproductive function, but rather are widespread throughout the developing and the adult brain. E2 actions are mediated through estrogen receptors (i.e., ERα and ERβ) belonging to the nuclear receptor super-family. As members of the ligand-regulated transcription factor family, classically, the actions of ERs in the brain were thought to mediate only the E2 long-term transcriptional effects. However, a growing body of evidence highlighted rapid, membrane initiated E2 effects in the brain that are independent of ER transcriptional activities and are involved in E2-induced neuroprotection. The aim of this review is to focus on the rapid effects of E2 in the brain highlighting the specific role of the signaling pathway(s) of the ERβ subtype in the neuroprotective actions of E2.
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23
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Acconcia F, Marino M. The Effects of 17β-estradiol in Cancer are Mediated by Estrogen Receptor Signaling at the Plasma Membrane. Front Physiol 2011; 2:30. [PMID: 21747767 PMCID: PMC3129035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different isoforms of the estrogen receptors (i.e., ERα and ERβ) mediate pleiotropic 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced cellular effects. The ERs are principally localized in the nucleus where they act by globally modifying the expression of the E2-target genes. The premise that E2 effects are exclusively mediated through the nuclear localized ERs has been rendered obsolete by research over the last 15 years demonstrating that ERα and ERβ proteins are also localized at the plasma membranes and in other extra-nuclear organelles. The E2 modulation of cancer cell proliferation represents a good example of the impact of membrane-initiated signals on E2 effects. In fact, E2 via ERα elicits rapid signals driving cancer cells to proliferation (e.g., in breast cancer cells), while E2-induced ERβ rapid signaling inhibits proliferation (e.g., in colon cancer cells). In this review we provide with an overview of the complex system of E2-induced signal transduction pathways, their impact on E2-induced cancer cell proliferation, and the participation of E2-induced membrane-initiated signals in tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Acconcia
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University Roma Tre Rome, Italy
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24
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Cardoso N, Pandolfi M, Lavalle J, Carbone S, Ponzo O, Scacchi P, Reynoso R. Probable gamma-aminobutyric acid involvement in bisphenol A effect at the hypothalamic level in adult male rats. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Acute T3 treatment protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury via TRα1 receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:235-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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27
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Le HH, Belcher SM. Rapid signaling actions of environmental estrogens in developing granule cell neurons are mediated by estrogen receptor ß. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5689-99. [PMID: 20926581 PMCID: PMC2999500 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a diverse group of man-made chemicals and natural compounds derived from plants and microbial metabolism. Estrogen-like actions are mediated via the nuclear hormone receptor activity of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ and rapid regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. Previous study defined cerebellar granule cell neurons as estrogen responsive and that granule cell precursor viability was developmentally sensitive to estrogens. In this study experiments using Western blot analysis and pharmacological approaches have characterized the receptor and signaling modes of action of selective and nonselective estrogen ligands in developing cerebellar granule cells. Estrogen treatments were found to briefly increase ERK1/2-phosphorylation and then cause prolonged depression of ERK1/2 activity. The sensitivity of granule cell precursors to estrogen-induced cell death was found to require the integrated activation of membrane and intracellular ER signaling pathways. The sensitivity of granule cells to selective and nonselective ER agonists and a variety of estrogenic and nonestrogenic EDCs was also examined. The ERβ selective agonist DPN, but not the ERα selective agonist 4,4',4'-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol or other ERα-specific ligands, stimulated cell death. Only EDCs with selective or nonselective ERβ activities like daidzein, equol, diethylstilbestrol, and bisphenol A were observed to induce E2-like neurotoxicity supporting the conclusion that estrogen sensitivity in granule cells is mediated via ERβ. The presented results also demonstrate the utility of estrogen sensitive developing granule cells as an in vitro assay for elucidating rapid estrogen-signaling mechanisms and to detect EDCs that act at ERβ to rapidly regulate intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa H Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0575, USA
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28
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Panin LE, Mokrushnikov PV, Kunitsyn VG, Zaitsev BN. Interaction mechanism of cortisol and catecholamines with structural components of erythrocyte membranes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9462-73. [PMID: 20597532 DOI: 10.1021/jp911917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific mechanisms of the stress hormones interaction with erythrocyte membranes were studied by means of atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, and IR spectroscopy. It was shown that stress hormones (cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline) can bind to erythrocyte membranes with high affinity (K(b) approximately 10(6) M(-1)). The binding mechanism involves hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Active groups of the hormones (NH(2), NHCH(3), keto, and hydroxy groups) interact simultaneously with CO and NH groups both of proteins and phospholipids. This leads to the formation of complex protein-lipid domains that distort the surface of the erythrocyte membrane. Water dipoles are displaced from the domains to adjacent regions and facilitate membrane loosening. The interaction of hormones with the membrane is accompanied by structural transitions of disorder --> order (tangle --> alpha-helix, tangle --> beta-structure) in membrane proteins and structural transitions of order --> order in phospholipids. Formation of large domains (clusters) of the lipid-protein and lipid nature leads to distortion of membranes and deteriorates their elasticity and rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Evgenjevich Panin
- State Research Institute of Biochemistry SB RAMS, 630117, Timakova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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29
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Axelband F, Dias J, Ferrão FM, Einicker-Lamas M. Nongenomic signaling pathways triggered by thyroid hormones and their metabolite 3-iodothyronamine on the cardiovascular system. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:21-8. [PMID: 20658515 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Axelband
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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30
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Molecular distinction between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: experimental findings and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:191-227. [PMID: 20438756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, e.g. hypertension) is a key risk factor for heart failure. Pathological hypertrophy is associated with increased interstitial fibrosis, cell death and cardiac dysfunction. In contrast, physiological cardiac hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in response to chronic exercise training, i.e. the 'athlete's heart') is reversible and is characterized by normal cardiac morphology (i.e. no fibrosis or apoptosis) and normal or enhanced cardiac function. Given that there are clear functional, structural, metabolic and molecular differences between pathological and physiological hypertrophy, a key question in cardiovascular medicine is whether mechanisms responsible for enhancing function of the athlete's heart can be exploited to benefit patients with pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. This review summarizes key experimental findings that have contributed to our understanding of pathological and physiological heart growth. In particular, we focus on signaling pathways that play a causal role in the development of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. We discuss molecular mechanisms associated with features of cardiac hypertrophy, including protein synthesis, sarcomeric organization, fibrosis, cell death and energy metabolism and provide a summary of profiling studies that have examined genes, microRNAs and proteins that are differentially expressed in models of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. How gender and sex hormones affect cardiac hypertrophy is also discussed. Finally, we explore how knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying pathological and physiological hypertrophy may influence therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
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31
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Bulzomi P, Bolli A, Galluzzo P, Leone S, Acconcia F, Marino M. Naringenin and 17beta-estradiol coadministration prevents hormone-induced human cancer cell growth. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:51-60. [PMID: 19960539 DOI: 10.1002/iub.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been described as health-promoting, disease-preventing dietary components. In vivo and in vitro experiments also support a protective effect of flavonoids to reduce the incidence of certain hormone-responsive cancers. In particular, our previous results indicate that the flavanone naringenin (Nar), decoupling estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) action mechanisms, drives cancer cells to apoptosis. Because these studies were conducted in the absence of the endogenous hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2), the physiological relevance of these findings is not clear. We investigate whether the antiproliferative Nar effect persists in the presence of physiological E2 concentration (i.e. 10 nM), using both ERalpha-transfected (HeLa cells) and ERalpha-containing (HepG2 cells) cancer cell lines. Ligand saturation experiments indicate that Nar decreases the binding of E2 to ERalpha without impairing the estrogen response element (ERE)-driven reporter plasmid activity. In contrast, Nar stimulation prevents E2-induced extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and AKT activation and still induces the activation of p38, the proapoptotic member of mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) family. As a consequence, Nar stimulation impedes the E2-induced transcription of cyclin D1 promoter and reverts the E2-induced cell proliferation, driving cancer cell to apoptosis. Thus, these results suggest that coexposure to this low-affinity, low-potency ligand for ERalpha specifically antagonizes the E2-induced ERalpha-dependent rapid signals by reducing the effect of the endogenous hormone in promoting cellular proliferation. As a whole, these data indicate that Nar is an excellent candidate as a chemopreventive agent in E2-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bulzomi
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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32
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Li J, Fleet JC, Teegarden D. Activation of rapid signaling pathways does not contribute to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced growth inhibition of mouse prostate epithelial progenitor cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:1031-6. [PMID: 19492419 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D) inhibits the growth of prostate epithelial cells, however the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly delineated. In the current study, the impact of 1,25(OH)(2)D on the rapid activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha), and the role of these pathways in growth inhibition was examined in immortalized mouse prostate epithelial cells, MPEC3, that exhibit stem/progenitor cell characteristics. 1,25(OH)(2)D treatment suppressed the growth of MPEC3 in a dose and time dependent manner (e.g., 21% reduction at three days with 100 nM 1,25(OH)(2)D treatment). However, ERK1/2 activity was not altered by 100 nM 1,25(OH)(2)D treatment for time points from 1 min to 1 h in either serum-containing or serum-free medium. Similarly, PKC alpha activation (translocation onto the plasma membrane) was not regulated by short-term treatment of 100 nM 1,25(OH)(2)D. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)(2)D did not mediate rapid activation of ERK1/2 or PKC alpha in MPEC3 and therefore the growth inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D is independent of rapid activation of these signaling pathways in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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33
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Guyonnet B, Marot G, Dacheux JL, Mercat MJ, Schwob S, Jaffrézic F, Gatti JL. The adult boar testicular and epididymal transcriptomes. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:369. [PMID: 19664223 PMCID: PMC2738690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalians gamete production takes place in the testis but when they exit this organ, although spermatozoa have acquired a specialized and distinct morphology, they are immotile and infertile. It is only after their travel in the epididymis that sperm gain their motility and fertility. Epididymis is a crescent shaped organ adjacent to the testis that can be divided in three gross morphological regions, head (caput), body (corpus) and tail (cauda). It contains a long and unique convoluted tubule connected to the testis via the efferent ducts and finished by joining the vas deferens in its caudal part. Results In this study, the testis, the efferent ducts (vas efferens, VE), nine distinct successive epididymal segments and the deferent duct (vas deferens, VD) of four adult boars of known fertility were isolated and their mRNA extracted. The gene expression of each of these samples was analyzed using a pig generic 9 K nylon microarray (AGENAE program; GEO accession number: GPL3729) spotted with 8931 clones derived from normalized cDNA banks from different pig tissues including testis and epididymis. Differentially expressed transcripts were obtained with moderated t-tests and F-tests and two data clustering algorithms based either on partitioning around medoid (top down PAM) or hierarchical clustering (bottom up HCL) were combined for class discovery and gene expression analysis. Tissue clustering defined seven transcriptomic units: testis, vas efferens and five epididymal transcriptomic units. Meanwhile transcripts formed only four clusters related to the tissues. We have then used a specific statistical method to sort out genes specifically over-expressed (markers) in testis, VE or in each of the five transcriptomic units of the epididymis (including VD). The specific regional expression of some of these genes was further validated by PCR and Q-PCR. We also searched for specific pathways and functions using available gene ontology information. Conclusion This study described for the first time the complete transcriptomes of the testis, the epididymis, the vas efferens and the vas deferens on the same species. It described new genes or genes not yet reported over-expressed in these boar tissues, as well as new control mechanisms. It emphasizes and fulfilled the gap between studies done in rodents and human, and provides tools that will be useful for further studies on the biochemical processes responsible for the formation and maintain of the epididymal regionalization and the development of a fertile spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Guyonnet
- UMR85 Physiologie de Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Cao HJ, Lin HY, Luidens MK, Davis FB, Davis PJ. Cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling of thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (Trbeta1) is directed from a plasma membrane integrin receptor by thyroid hormone. Endocr Res 2009; 34:31-42. [PMID: 19557589 DOI: 10.1080/07435800902911810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In CV-1 cells, shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (TRbeta1, TR) is shown in this report to be regulated by extracellular thyroid hormone at a hormone receptor on cell surface integrin alphav3. METHODS The receptor was introduced into cells as a GFP-TR1 chimera and intracellular movement of the receptor was monitored by confocal microscopy of cells treated with L-thyroxine (T(4)). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION TR-GFP translocation in the presence of T(4) requires activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibition of T(4)-binding to alphavbeta3 with anti-alphavbeta3 or Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide blocks T(4)-stimulated GFP-TR nuclear translocation, as do the hormone-binding inhibitor tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. TR1 is an ERK1/2 substrate. CONCLUSIONS Via a nongenomic mechanism initiated at plasma membrane integrin v3, T(4)-activated ERK1/2 and TR1 move transiently in an immunoprecipitable complex to the nuclei of T(4)-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H James Cao
- Ordway Research Institute, Inc., Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Phillips KP, Foster WG. Key developments in endocrine disrupter research and human health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2008; 11:322-344. [PMID: 18368559 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701876194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental etiologies involving exposures to chemicals that mimic endogenous hormones are proposed for a number of adverse human health effects, including infertility, abnormal prenatal and childhood development, and reproductive cancers (National Research Council, 1999; World Health Organization, 2002). Endocrine disrupters represent a significant area of environmental research with important implications for human health. This article provides an overview of some of the key developments in this field that may enhance our ability to assess the human health risks posed by exposure to endocrine disrupters. Advances in methodologies of hazard identification (toxicogenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics) are discussed, as well as epigenetics and emerging biological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Phillips
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Lafayette SSL, Vladimirova I, Garcez-do-Carmo L, Monteforte PT, Caricati Neto A, Jurkiewicz A. Evidence for the participation of calcium in non-genomic relaxations induced by androgenic steroids in rat vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1242-50. [PMID: 18264125 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Androgens cause non-genomic relaxation in several smooth muscle preparations. However, such an effect has not been investigated in rat vas deferens yet. Our purpose was to study the effect of testosterone and derivatives in this tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The influence of androgens was tested on contraction and translocation of intracellular Ca(2+) induced by KCl in rat vas deferens in vitro. KEY RESULTS The testosterone derivative 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone produced a rapid and reversible concentration-dependent relaxation of KCl-induced contractions. Other androgens were also effective, showing the following rank order of potency: androsterone >5beta-dihydrotestosterone >androstenedione >5alpha-dihydrotestosterone >testosterone. Calcium-induced contractions were also inhibited (about 45%) by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (30 microM). Moreover 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone blocked the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) induced by KCl, measured by the fluorescent dye fura-2. Relaxation to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone was resistant to the K(+) channel antagonists glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine and charybdotoxin. It was not affected by removal of epithelium or by L-NNA (300 microM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide biosynthesis, nor by selective inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase, ODQ or LY 83583, indicating that nitrergic or cGMP mediated mechanisms were not involved. The androgen-induced relaxation was also not blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (300 microM) or by the classical androgen receptor flutamide (up to 100 microM), corroborating that the effect is non-genomic. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Testosterone derivatives caused relaxation of the rat vas deferens, that did not involve epithelial tissue, K(+) channels, or nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms, but was related to a partial blockade of Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S L Lafayette
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Belcher SM. Rapid signaling mechanisms of estrogens in the developing cerebellum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 57:481-92. [PMID: 17931703 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 17beta-estradiol regulates the normal function and development of the mammalian nervous system. Many of estradiol's effects are mediated via the nuclear hormone estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. In addition to regulating estrogen-responsive gene expression, estradiol also acts in an immediate and cell-specific fashion to regulate various intracellular signal transduction pathways. The goal of this review is to develop a contextual framework to understand the generalized function of estrogen during development of brain regions not known to be sexually specialized. However, it is first important to build this framework on the more well-developed foundation of estrogen's gonad-driven sex-specific actions. As a result, a discussion of known and proposed mechanisms of estrogen actions in reproductive and other tissues will be presented. Building upon this information, a review of our research group's recent in vitro and in vivo studies that have focused on elucidating the mechanisms of estrogen actions in neurons of the non-sexually specialized cerebellum will be presented. While the full spectrum of estrogen action during normal cerebellar development remains unresolved, results of recent studies have revealed a pathologic role for estrogen and estrogen receptors in medulloblastoma, common pediatric brain tumors that arise from cerebellar granule cell-like precursors. The potential use of anti-estrogen signaling agents as adjuvant therapy for medulloblastoma is proposed based on those finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Belcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, PO Box 670575, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA.
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Wetherill YB, Akingbemi BT, Kanno J, McLachlan JA, Nadal A, Sonnenschein C, Watson CS, Zoeller RT, Belcher SM. In vitro molecular mechanisms of bisphenol A action. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 24:178-98. [PMID: 17628395 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane; CAS# 80-05-7) is a chemical used primarily in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins and as a non-polymer additive to other plastics. Recent evidence has demonstrated that human and wildlife populations are exposed to levels of BPA which cause adverse reproductive and developmental effects in a number of different wildlife species and laboratory animal models. However, there are major uncertainties surrounding the spectrum of BPA's mechanisms of action, the tissue-specific impacts of exposures, and the critical windows of susceptibility during which target tissues are sensitive to BPA exposures. As a foundation to address some of those uncertainties, this review was prepared by the "In vitro" expert sub-panel assembled during the "Bisphenol A: An Examination of the Relevance of Ecological, In vitro and Laboratory Animal Studies for Assessing Risks to Human Health" workshop held in Chapel Hill, NC, Nov 28-29, 2006. The specific charge of this expert panel was to review and assess the strength of the published literature pertaining to the mechanisms of BPA action. The resulting document is a detailed review of published studies that have focused on the mechanistic basis of BPA action in diverse experimental models and an assessment of the strength of the evidence regarding the published BPA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena B Wetherill
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Rohe B, Safford SE, Nemere I, Farach-Carson MC. Regulation of expression of 1,25D3-MARRS/ERp57/PDIA3 in rat IEC-6 cells by TGF beta and 1,25(OH)2D3. Steroids 2007; 72:144-50. [PMID: 17188725 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the transcriptional regulation of expression of the redox-sensitive Membrane-Associated-Rapid Response, Steroid-binding (1,25D(3)-MARRS) protein specific for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a rat small intestinal cell line, IEC-6, that demonstrates rapid responses to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). 1,25D(3)-MARRS binds and is activated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), but is not itself up-regulated by treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), nor is there a Vitamin D response element (VDRE) in its proximal promoter. We previously reported that transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) increased steady state levels of 1,25D(3)-MARRS transcript and protein approximately two-fold [Rohe B, Safford SE, Nemere I, Farach-Carson, MC. Identification and characterization of 1,25D(3)-membrane-associated rapid response, steroid (1,25D(3)-MARRS)-binding protein in rat IEC-6 cells. Steroids 2005;70:458-63]. To determine if this up-regulation could be attributed to the function of a highly conserved consensus smad 3 binding element present in the proximal promoter of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS gene, we created a promoter-reporter [SEAP] construct that was responsive to TGFbeta (200 pM). Deletion or mutation of the smad 3 element greatly reduced the response of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS promoter to TGFbeta. Subsequent studies found that the smad 3 response element is bound by a protein found in the IEC-6 nuclear extract, most likely smad 3. Interestingly, although 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) alone did not increase expression of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS promoter-reporter, co-treatment of transfected IEC-6 cells with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and TGFbeta shifted the dose-response curve to a lower effective concentration (100 pM peptide). We conclude that TGFbeta is a transcriptional regulator of 1,25D(3)-MARRS expression via a functional smad 3 element and that cross-talk with non-classical 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated pathways occurs. The findings have broad implications for redox-sensitive signaling phenomena including those that regulate phosphate transport in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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Brewer LD, Porter NM, Kerr DS, Landfield PW, Thibault O. Chronic 1α,25-(OH)2vitamin D3 treatment reduces Ca2+-mediated hippocampal biomarkers of aging. Cell Calcium 2006; 40:277-86. [PMID: 16780945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the hippocampus of several species is characterized by alterations in multiple Ca(2+)-mediated processes, including an increase in L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) current, an enhanced Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP), impaired synaptic plasticity and elevated Ca(2+) transients. Previously, we found that 1alpha,25-dihydoxyvitamin D(3) (1,25VitD), a major Ca(2+) regulating hormone, down-regulates L-VGCC expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we tested whether in vivo treatment of aged F344 rats with 1,25VitD would reverse some of the Ca(2+) -mediated biomarkers of aging seen in hippocampal CA1 neurons. As previously reported, L-VGCC currents and the AHP were larger in aged than in young neurons. Treatment with 1,25VitD over 7 days decreased L-VGCC activity in aged rats, as well as the age-related increase in AHP amplitude and duration. In addition, reduced L-VGCC activity was correlated with reduced AHPs in the same animals. These data provide direct evidence that 1,25VitD can regulate multiple Ca(2+)-dependent processes in neurons, with particular impact on reducing age-related changes associated with Ca(2+) dysregulation. Thus, these results may have therapeutic implications and suggest that 1,25VitD, often taken to maintain bone health, may also retard some consequences of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MS-310, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, 40536-0298, USA
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Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Marino M. Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor alpha and beta: impact on human health. Mol Aspects Med 2006; 27:299-402. [PMID: 16914190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
17Beta-estradiol (E2) controls many aspects of human physiology, including development, reproduction and homeostasis, through regulation of the transcriptional activity of its cognate receptors (ERs). The crystal structures of ERs with agonists and antagonists and the use of transgenic animals have revealed much about how hormone binding influences ER conformation(s) and how this conformation(s), in turn, influences the interaction of ERs with co-activators or co-repressors and hence determines ER binding to DNA and cellular outcomes. This information has helped to shed light on the connection between E2 and the development or progression of numerous diseases. Current therapeutic strategy in the treatment of E2-related pathologies relies on the modulation of ER trancriptional activity by anti-estrogens; however, data accumulated during the last five years reveal that ER activities are not only restricted to the nucleus. ERs are very mobile proteins continuously shuttling between protein targets located within various cellular compartments (e.g., membrane, nucleus). This allows E2 to generate different and synergic signal transduction pathways (i.e., non-genomic and genomic) which provide plasticity for cell response to E2. Understanding the structural basis and the molecular mechanisms by which ER transduce E2 signals in target cells will allow to create new pharmacologic therapies aimed at the treatment of a variety of human diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, the nervous system, the mammary gland, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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Hughes PJ, Brown G. 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated stimulation of steroid sulphatase activity in myeloid leukaemic cell lines requires VDRnuc-mediated activation of the RAS/RAF/ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:590-617. [PMID: 16440327 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) stimulates the activity of steroid sulphatase (STS) in myeloid cells [Hughes et al., 2001, 2005]. This was attenuated by inhibitors of phospholipase D (PLD) (n-butanol, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, C(2)-ceramide) and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) (propranolol and chlorpromazine), but was unaffected by inhibitors of phospholipase C. The 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced STS activity was also attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase Calpha and protein kinase Cdelta (Go 6976, HBDDE and rottlerin), but not by an inhibitor of protein kinase Cbeta (LY379196). Additionally, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced STS activity was attenuated by inhibitors of RAS (manumycin A), RAF (GW5074), MEK (PD098059 and U1026) and JNK (SP600125), but not p38 (PD169316). 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) produced a rapid and long lasting stimulation of the ERK-MAP kinase signalling cascade in HL60 myeloid leukaemic cells. This 'non-genomic' effect of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) blocked by pharmacological antagonists of nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDR(nuc)) and does not appear to require hetero-dimerisation with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR). Inhibitors of the Src tyrosine kinase (PP1), RAS (manumycin A), RAS-RAF interactions (sulindac sulphide and RAS inhibitory peptide), RAF (GW5074 or chloroquine), and protein kinase Calpha (HBDDE) abrogated the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated increase in ERK-MAP kinase activity. Taken together, these results show that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)/VDR(nuc) activation of the RAS/RAF/ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway plays an important role in augmenting STS activity in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Kenessey A, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone stimulates protein synthesis in the cardiomyocyte by activating the Akt-mTOR and p70S6K pathways. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20666-20672. [PMID: 16717100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512671200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones affect cardiac growth and phenotype; however, the mechanisms by which the hormones induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remain uncharacterized. Tri-iodo-L-thyronine (T3) treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes for 24 h resulted in a 41 +/- 5% (p < 0.001) increase in [(3)H]leucine incorporation into total cellular protein. This response was abrogated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed a direct interaction of cytosol-localized thyroid hormone receptor TRalpha1 and the p85alpha subunit of PI3K. T3 treatment rapidly increased PI3K activity by 52 +/- 3% (p < 0.005), which resulted in increased phosphorylation of downstream kinases Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This effect was abrogated by pretreatment with wortmannin or LY294002. Phosphorylation of p70(S6K), a known target of mTOR, occurred rapidly following T3 treatment and was inhibited by rapamycin and wortmannin. In contrast, phosphorylation of the p85 variant of S6K in response to T3 was not blocked by LY294002, wortmannin, or rapamycin, thus supporting a T3-activated pathway independent of PI3K and mTOR. 40 S ribosomal protein S6, a target of p70(S6K), and 4E-BP1, a target of mTOR, were both phosphorylated within 15-25 min of T3 treatment and could be inhibited by wortmannin and rapamycin. Thus, rapid T3-mediated activation of PI3K by cytosolic TRalpha1 and subsequent activation of the Akt-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway may underlie one of the mechanisms by which thyroid hormone regulates physiological cardiac growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kenessey
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016.
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Abstract
17beta-Estradiol (E2) acts as a chemical messenger in target tissues inducing both slow nuclear and rapid extra-nuclear responses. E2 binds to its cognate nuclear receptors (ER) resulting in the activation of target gene transcription in the nucleus. In addition to these genomic effects, E2 modulates cell functions through rapid non-genomic actions. Stimulation of G-proteins, Ca(2+) influx, inositol phosphate generation as well as phospholipase C, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT activation all occur within seconds to minutes after E2 binding to a small population of ERalpha located at the plasma membrane. The great impact of these rapid signals on cell physiology renders central the knowledge of the structural bases and mechanisms that mediate extra-nuclear signaling by E2. Several laboratories, including our own, have recently elucidated the structural requirements for localization and function of plasma membrane ERalpha. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of E2-induced rapid non-genomic actions relevant for cell functions, highlighting the role of lipid modification (i.e., palmitoylation) in the ERalpha localization to and residence at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Italy.
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Hsiao WC, Cho WC, Lin PW, Lin SL, Lee WY, Young KC. Quantitative profile of estrogen receptor variants/isoforms in Taiwanese women with breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:492-7. [PMID: 16551498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To quantify ER variants/isoforms for women with breast cancer in Taiwan, an area with remarkably low breast cancer rates, but with an early onset and poor prognosis. METHODS Real-time PCR technology was exploited to quantify mRNAs of ERalpha, ERalphaE3Delta, ERalphaE5Delta, ERalphaE7Delta and ERbeta, in 49 breast cancer and paired adjacent normal tissues. Clinical parameters were assembled and tested for assocation with the ER expression. RESULTS Comparison of cancer and matched normal samples showed significantly decreased ERbeta (p < 0.001) in cancer tissues, and constant amounts of ERalpha and their variants. The results revealed significantly lower ERalphaE7Delta/ERalpha (p = 0.030) and ERbeta/ERalpha (p = 0.035) ratios in patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis than in those without LN metastasis. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that ERalphaE7Delta and ERbeta may regulate ERalpha in normal human breast tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Down-Regulation
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/analysis
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/classification
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/analysis
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Isoforms/analysis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Menegaz D, Zamoner A, Royer C, Leite LD, Bortolotto ZA, Silva FRMB. Rapid responses to thyroxine in the testis: active protein synthesis-independent pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 246:128-34. [PMID: 16387420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of protein synthesis in the stimulatory action of thyroid hormones on amino acid accumulation and characterized K(+) currents involved in the hyperpolarizing effect of thyroxine (T(4)) on Sertoli cells. Immature rat testes were incubated in Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate buffer (KRb) in the presence of [(14)C]methylaminoisobutyric acid with and without T(4), 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T(3)) and/or cycloheximide. Sertoli cells were monitored by intracellular recording in a chamber perfused with KRb with and without T(4), T(3) and/or blockers, and the membrane potential was monitored. T(4) and T(3) stimulated amino acid accumulation and protein synthesis. Treatment with cycloheximide diminished T(3) stimulatory actions on amino acid accumulation but had no effect on T(4) action. Both hormones elicited a hyperpolarization of the Sertoli cell membrane potential which involved K(+) channels, since TEA and apamin abolished this effect. These findings on rapid membrane actions of thyroid hormone in the testis suggest that some effects of T(4) are modulated by non-genomic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Menegaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-Santa Catarina, CEP 88010-970, Brazil.
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Marino M, Galluzzo P, Ascenzi P. Estrogen signaling multiple pathways to impact gene transcription. Curr Genomics 2006; 7:497-508. [PMID: 18369406 PMCID: PMC2269003 DOI: 10.2174/138920206779315737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 10/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones exert profound effects on cell growth, development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Their effects are mediated through specific intracellular steroid receptors that act via multiple mechanisms. Among others, the action mechanism starting upon 17beta-estradiol (E2) binds to its receptors (ER) is considered a paradigmatic example of how steroid hormones function. Ligand-activated ER dimerizes and translocates in the nucleus where it recognizes specific hormone response elements located in or near promoter DNA regions of target genes. Behind the classical genomic mechanism shared with other steroid hormones, E2 also modulates gene expression by a second indirect mechanism that involves the interaction of ER with other transcription factors which, in turn, bind their cognate DNA elements. In this case, ER modulates the activities of transcription factors such as the activator protein (AP)-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and stimulating protein-1 (Sp-1), by stabilizing DNA-protein complexes and/or recruiting co-activators. In addition, E2 binding to ER may also exert rapid actions that start with the activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways (e.g. ERK/MAPK, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, PLC/PKC). The debate about the contribution of different ER-mediated signaling pathways to coordinate the expression of specific sets of genes is still open. This review will focus on the recent knowledge about the mechanism by which ERs regulate the expression of target genes and the emerging field of integration of membrane and nuclear receptor signaling, giving examples of the ways by which the genomic and non-genomic actions of ERs on target genes converge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Biology
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446 I-00146 Roma, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S. “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, I-00149 Roma, Italy
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Belcher SM, Le HH, Spurling L, Wong JK. Rapid estrogenic regulation of extracellular signal- regulated kinase 1/2 signaling in cerebellar granule cells involves a G protein- and protein kinase A-dependent mechanism and intracellular activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Endocrinology 2005; 146:5397-406. [PMID: 16123167 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In neonatal rat cerebellar neurons, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) rapidly stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation through a membrane-associated receptor. Here the mechanism of rapid E(2)-induced ERK1/2 signaling in primary cultured granule cells was investigated in more detail. The results of these studies show that E(2) and ICI182,780, a steroidal antagonist of estrogen receptor transactivation, rapidly increased ERK signaling with a time course similar to the transient activation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, EGF receptor (EGFR) autophosphorylation was not increased by E(2), and blockade of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity did not abrogate the rapid actions of E(2). The involvement of Src-tyrosine kinase activity was demonstrated by detection of increased c-Src phosphorylation in response to E(2) and by blockade of E(2)-induced ERK1/2 activation by inhibition of Src-family tyrosine kinase activity. Inhibition of Galphai signaling or protein kinase A (PKA) activity blocked the ability of ICI182,780 to rapidly stimulate ERK signaling. Under those conditions, E(2) treatment induced a rapid and transient suppression of basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity was rapidly increased by E(2) but not by E(2) covalently linked to BSA. Rapid E(2)-induced increases in PP2A activity were insensitive to pertussis toxin. The presented evidence indicates that the rapid effects of estrogens on ERK signaling in cerebellar granule cells are induced through a novel G protein-coupled receptor mechanism that requires PKA and Src-kinase activity to link E(2) to the ERK/MAPK signaling module. Along with stimulating ERK signaling, E(2) rapidly activates PP2A via an independent signaling mechanism that may serve as a cell-specific regulator of signal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Belcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0575, USA.
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Marino M, Ascenzi P. Do steroid hormones function via multiple signaling pathways? IUBMB Life 2005; 57:825-7. [PMID: 16393786 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500415628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Italy.
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Koike C, Moore R, Negishi M. Localization of the nuclear receptor CAR at the cell membrane of mouse liver. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6733-6. [PMID: 16310787 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor constitutive active/androstane receptor CAR is a drug-sensing transcription factor. Upon activation by various drugs such as phenobarbital (PB), CAR translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to regulate the genes that encode enzymes and proteins involved in hepatic metabolism. Here, we have shown the presence of CAR at the cell membrane of mouse livers, using Car+/+ and Car-/- mice. Levels of the cell membrane CAR increased after PB treatment. The CAR exists as a large approximately 160 kDa complex. Thus, CAR undergoes PB-induced translocation to the cell membrane, indicating that CAR may exert a non-genomic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Koike
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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