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Hong AR, Jang JG, Chung YC, Won SY, Jin BK. Interleukin 13 on Microglia is Neurotoxic in Lipopolysaccharide-injected Striatum in vivo. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:42-53. [PMID: 35256543 PMCID: PMC8907255 DOI: 10.5607/en21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential function of interleukin-13 (IL-13), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PBS as a control was unilaterally microinjected into striatum of rat brain. Seven days after LPS injection, there was a significant loss of neurons and microglial activation in the striatum, visualized by immunohistochemical staining against neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and the OX-42 (complement receptor type 3, CR3), respectively. In parallel, IL-13 immunoreactivity was increased as early as 3 days and sustained up to 7 days post LPS injection, compared to PBS-injected control and detected exclusively within microglia. Moreover, GFAP immunostaining and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability evaluation showed the loss of astrocytes and disruption of BBB, respectively. By contrast, treatment with IL-13 neutralizing antibody (IL-13NA) protects NeuN+ neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity in vivo . Accompanying neuroprotection, IL-13NA reduced loss of GFAP+ astrocytes and damage of BBB in LPS-injected striatum. Intriguingly, treatment with IL-13NA produced neurotrophic factors (NTFs) on survived astrocytes in LPS-injected rat striatum. Taken together, the present study suggests that LPS induces expression of IL-13 on microglia, which contributes to neurodegeneration via damage on astrocytes and BBB disruption in the striatum in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Jang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young Cheul Chung
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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2
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Chen L, Xu W, Mao S, Zhu R, Zhang J. Autoantibody of interleukin-17A induced by recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis attenuates airway inflammation in mice with neutrophilic asthma. J Asthma 2021; 59:2117-2126. [PMID: 34644222 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1989696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown Interleukin (IL)-17A as an important contributor to the development of severe asthma, which is mainly characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and less response to corticosteroids. Consequently, the IL-17A-neutrophil axis could be a potential therapeutic target. Previously, we constructed a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (rMS) expressing fusion protein Ag85A-IL-17A, and confirmed it could induce production of IL-17A autoantibody in vivo. This study uses a murine model of neutrophilic asthma to further investigate the effects of rMS on airway inflammation. METHODS DO11.10 mice were divided into four groups: phosphate buffered saline (PBS), asthma, rMS and MS. This murine model of neutrophilic asthma was established with ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, whereby PBS, rMS and MS were administered intranasally. Anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated, along with histopathological changes in lung tissues. RESULTS A sustained high-titer IL-17A autoantibody was detected in sera of the rMS group. Compared to the asthma group, the number of neutrophils, IL-17A, CXCL-1 levels and MPO activity in the rMS group were all significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Histological analysis showed rMS remarkably suppressed inflammatory infiltration around bronchia. The inflammation score and the mucus score in the rMS group were both significantly lower than those in the asthma group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION rMS ameliorated airway inflammation in mice with neutrophilic asthma caused by inducing IL-17A autoantibody and regulating the IL-17A-neutrophil axis, thus offering a possible novel treatment for neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruochen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Gevenois PJLY, De Pauw P, Schoonooghe S, Delporte C, Sebti T, Amighi K, Muyldermans S, Wauthoz N. Development of Neutralizing Multimeric Nanobody Constructs Directed against IL-13: From Immunization to Lead Optimization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2608-2620. [PMID: 34645688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by Th2 cells. It reacts with many different types of cells involved in allergy, inflammation, and fibrosis, e.g., mastocytes, B cells, and fibroblasts. The role of IL-13 in conditions involving one or several of these phenotypes has therefore been extensively investigated. The inhibition of this cytokine in animal models for various pathologies yielded highly promising results. However, most human trials relying on anti-IL-13 conventional mAbs have failed to achieve a significant improvement of the envisaged disorders. Where some studies might have suffered from several weaknesses, the strategies themselves, such as targeting only IL-13 using conventional mAbs or employing a systemic administration, could be questioned. Nanobodies are recombinant Ag-binding fragments derived from the variable part of H chain-only Abs occurring in Camelidae. Thanks to their single-domain structure, small size (≈15 kDa), good stability, and solubility, they can be engineered into multispecific constructs for combined therapies or for use in new strategies such as formulations for local administration, e.g., pulmonary administration. In this study, we describe the generation of 38 nanobodies that can be subdivided into five CDR3 families. Nine nanobodies were found to have a good affinity profile (KD = 1-200 nM), but none were able to strongly inhibit IL-13 biological activity in vitro (IC50 > 50 µM: HEK-Blue IL-13/IL-4 cells). Multimeric constructs were therefore designed from these inhibitors and resulted in an up to 36-fold improvement in affinity and up to 300-fold enhancement of the biological activity while conserving a high specificity toward IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J-L Y Gevenois
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pieter De Pauw
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Steve Schoonooghe
- Flemish Institute for Biotechnology Nanobody Core, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3 and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Karim Amighi
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Venkataramani S, Low S, Weigle B, Dutcher D, Jerath K, Menzenski M, Frego L, Truncali K, Gupta P, Kroe-Barrett R, Ganesan R, Singh S, Erb KJ. Design and characterization of Zweimab and Doppelmab, high affinity dual antagonistic anti-TSLP/IL13 bispecific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:19-24. [PMID: 30126632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe Th2 type asthma often have a steroid resistant phenotype and are prone to acute exacerbations. Current novel therapies have only marginal therapeutic effects. One of the hypotheses for lack of major efficacy in most patients is targeting only one redundant pathway leaving others active. Hence, we have designed and developed novel highly potent bispecific anti-TSLP/IL13 antibodies called Zweimabs (monovalent bispecific) and Doppelmabs (bivalent bispecific) that concurrently inhibits the signaling by these two cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Low
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Bernd Weigle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Darrin Dutcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Kavita Jerath
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Monica Menzenski
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Lee Frego
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Kris Truncali
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Rajkumar Ganesan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Klaus J Erb
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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5
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Chen G, Zuo S, Tang J, Zuo C, Jia D, Liu Q, Liu G, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen Y, Chen D, Yuan P, Qin Z, Ruan C, Ye J, Wang XJ, Zhou Y, Gao P, Zhang P, Liu J, Jing ZC, Lu A, Yu Y. Inhibition of CRTH2-mediated Th2 activation attenuates pulmonary hypertension in mice. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2175-2195. [PMID: 29970474 PMCID: PMC6080901 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by progressive pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling. T helper 2 cell (Th2) immune response is involved in PA remodeling during PAH progression. Here, we found that CRTH2 (chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cell) expression was up-regulated in circulating CD3+CD4+ T cells in patients with idiopathic PAH and in rodent PAH models. CRTH2 disruption dramatically ameliorated PA remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in different PAH mouse models. CRTH2 deficiency suppressed Th2 activation, including IL-4 and IL-13 secretion. Both CRTH2+/+ bone marrow reconstitution and CRTH2+/+ CD4+ T cell adoptive transfer deteriorated hypoxia + ovalbumin-induced PAH in CRTH2-/- mice, which was reversed by dual neutralization of IL-4 and IL-13. CRTH2 inhibition alleviated established PAH in mice by repressing Th2 activity. In culture, CRTH2 activation in Th2 cells promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation through activation of STAT6. These results demonstrate the critical role of CRTH2-mediated Th2 response in PAH pathogenesis and highlight the CRTH2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongrui Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchao Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Ye
- Thrombosis and Vascular Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Thrombosis and Vascular Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Thrombosis and Vascular Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ankang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China .,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ntontsi P, Papathanassiou E, Loukides S, Bakakos P, Hillas G. Targeted anti-IL-13 therapies in asthma: current data and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:179-186. [PMID: 29334288 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1427729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of patients with severe asthma who will benefit from a personalized management approach remains an unmet need. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine possessing a significant role in asthma pathogenesis and progression of disease. Humanised monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 and IL-13 and IL-4 receptors are mainly proposed as add-on therapy in patients with TH2-high inflammation with uncontrolled asthma despite maximum therapy. AREAS COVERED The role of IL-13 in airway inflammation in severe asthma, the targeted anti-IL-13 therapies and biomarkers that predict response to anti-IL-13 treatment are discussed. EXPERT OPINION New effective individualized therapies in severe asthma are urgently needed to block specific inflammatory pathways using monoclonal antibodies. Studies on anti-IL-13 therapies showed that asthmatic patients could benefit from this novel targeted therapy as far as lung function and exacerbation rate are concerned. TH2-high and especially periostin-high groups of asthmatics with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma seem to compose the group that could benefit from anti-IL-13 therapy. Targeting IL-13 alone may not be sufficient to achieve asthma control. Inhibition of IL-13 and IL-4 with mabs may be more encouraging and patients will probably have additional benefits from these therapeutic interventions because of IL-13/IL-4 overlapping actions in asthma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Ntontsi
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Evgenia Papathanassiou
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- b 1st Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- c Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Devos FC, Pollaris L, Cremer J, Seys S, Hoshino T, Ceuppens J, Talavera K, Nemery B, Hoet PHM, Vanoirbeek JAJ. IL-13 is a central mediator of chemical-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180690. [PMID: 28704401 PMCID: PMC5509233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the importance of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 as a central mediator of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) has been described in allergic protein-induced asthma, this has never been investigated in chemical-induced asthma. OBJECTIVE We examined the importance of IL-13 in a mouse model of chemical-induced AHR, using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). METHODS In a first set-up, wild type (WT) and IL-13 knockout (KO) C57Bl/6 mice were dermally treated on days 1 and 8 with 1% TDI or vehicle (acetone/olive oil) on both ears. On day 15, mice received an intranasal instillation with 0.1% TDI or vehicle. In a second set-up, WT mice sensitized with 1% TDI or vehicle, received i.v. either anti-IL-13 or control antibody prior to the intranasal challenge. RESULTS TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged WT mice showed AHR to methacholine, in contrast to TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged IL-13 KO mice, which also showed lower levels of total serum IgE. TDI-sensitized and TDI-challenged IL-13 KO mice had lower numbers of T-cells in the auricular lymph nodes. TDI-treated WT mice, receiving anti-IL-13, showed no AHR, in contrast to those receiving control antibody, despite increased levels of IgE. Anti-IL-13 treatment in TDI-treated WT mice resulted in lower levels of serum IL-13, but did not induce changes in T- and B-cell numbers, and in the cytokine production profile. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We conclude that IL-13 plays a critical role in the effector phase of chemical-induced, immune-mediated AHR. This implicates that anti-IL-13 treatment could have a beneficial effect in patients with this asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien C. Devos
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Pollaris
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 1, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jan Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H. M. Hoet
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A. J. Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tripp CS, Cuff C, Campbell AL, Hendrickson BA, Voss J, Melim T, Wu C, Cherniack AD, Kim K. RPC4046, A Novel Anti-interleukin-13 Antibody, Blocks IL-13 Binding to IL-13 α1 and α2 Receptors: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation First-in-Human Study. Adv Ther 2017; 34:1364-1381. [PMID: 28455782 PMCID: PMC5487860 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A unique anti-interleukin (IL)-13 monoclonal antibody, RPC4046, was generated on the basis of differential IL-13 receptor (R) blockade as assessed in a murine asthma model; the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RPC4046 were evaluated in a first-in-human study. Methods Anti-IL-13 antibodies with varying receptor blocking specificity were evaluated in the ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation first-in-human study (NCT00986037) was conducted with RPC4046 in healthy adults and patients with mild to moderate controlled asthma. Results In the ovalbumin model, blocking IL-13 binding to both IL-13Rs (IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2) inhibited more asthma phenotypic features and more fully normalized the distinct IL-13 gene transcription associated with asthma compared with blocking IL-13Rα1 alone. In humans, RPC4046 exposure increased dose-dependently; pharmacokinetics were similar in healthy and asthmatic subjects, and blockade of both IL-13Rs uniquely affected IL-13 gene transcription. A minority of participants (28%) had antidrug antibodies, which were transient and appeared not to affect pharmacokinetics. Adverse event profiles were similar in healthy and asthmatic subjects, without dose-related or administration route differences, systemic infusion-related reactions, or asthma symptom worsening. Adverse events were mild to moderate, with none reported as probably related to RPC4046 or leading to discontinuations. Non-serious upper respiratory tract infections were more frequent with RPC4046 versus placebo. Conclusion RPC4046 is a novel anti-IL-13 antibody that blocks IL-13 binding to both receptors and more fully blocks the asthma phenotype. These results support further investigation of RPC4046 for IL-13-related allergic/inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis). Funding AbbVie Inc. sponsored the studies and contributed to the design and conduct of the studies, data management, data analysis, interpretation of the data, and in the preparation and approval of the manuscript.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-017-0525-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn Cuff
- AbbVie, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Jeff Voss
- AbbVie, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terry Melim
- AbbVie, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chengbin Wu
- AbbVie, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Worcester, MA, USA
- EpimAb Biotherapeutics Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- AbbVie, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Worcester, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Zhang FQ, Han XP, Zhang F, Ma X, Xiang D, Yang XM, Ou-Yang HF, Li Z. Therapeutic efficacy of a co-blockade of IL-13 and IL-25 on airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:133-140. [PMID: 28282577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repeated airway inflammation and unremitting remodeling provoke irreversible pulmonary dysfunction and resistance to current drugs in patients with chronic bronchial asthma. Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-25 play an important role in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. We aimed to investigate whether co-inhibiting IL-13 and IL-25 can effectively down-regulate allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling in mice. Mice with asthma induced by chronic exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) were given soluble IL-13 receptor α2 (sIL-13R) or soluble IL-25 receptor (sIL-25R) protein alone and in combination to neutralize the bioactivity of IL-13 and IL-25, and relevant airway inflammation and remodeling experiments were performed. We found that the co-blockade of IL-13 and IL-25 with sIL-13R and sIL-25R was more effective than either agent alone at decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AhR) and airway remodeling including mucus production, extracellular collagen deposition, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and angiogenesis in mice exposed to OVA. These results suggest that the combined inhibition of IL-13 and IL-25 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma, especially for patients who are resistant to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Peng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Inhibition of airway inflammation and remodeling by sitagliptin in murine chronic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:761-769. [PMID: 26362207 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study the role of sitagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, DPP-4, and dexamethasone in ameliorating inflammation and remodeling of chronic asthma in a mouse model were investigated. Mice sensitized to ovalbumin were chronically challenged with aerosolized antigen for 3days a week continued for 8weeks. During this period animals were treated with sitagliptin or dexamethasone daily. Assessment of inflammatory cell, oxidative markers, total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), interleukin (IL)-13, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and/or lung tissue were done. Also histopathological and immuno-histochemical analysis for lung was carried out. Compared with vehicle alone, treatment with sitagliptin or dexamethasone significantly reduced accumulation of eosinophils and chronic inflammatory cells, subepithelial collagenization, and thickening of the airway epithelium. Also both drug reduced goblet cell hyperplasia, oxidative stress, TGF-β1, IL-13 and epithelial cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for nuclear factor κ-B (NFκ-B). These data indicate that sitagliptin like dexamethasone may play a beneficial role reducing airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic murine model of asthma.
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11
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MESOS: considerations in designing a mechanistic study for a biologic used to treat asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martin PL, Nnane IP, Branigan P, Louden C. Unexpected Toxicology Findings in Rats Dosed With an Antihuman IL-13 Monoclonal Antibody. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:393-407. [PMID: 26124191 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815591840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a type 2 helper T cytokine involved in allergic inflammation and immune responses to parasites. CNTO5825 is an antihuman IL-13 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the pharmacological activity of human, cynomolgus monkey, and rat IL-13. Repeated dose toxicology studies of 1- to 6-month duration were conducted in both rats and monkeys at doses of 20 to 100 mg/kg/wk. A decrease in the T cell-dependent antibody response to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin immunization was observed in monkeys but not in rats. In the 6-month rat study, there was a 2.2-fold increase in eosinophils in males at 3 and 6 months that was reversible. At necropsy (main and 4-month recovery), rats from control and CNTO5825-dosed groups were found to have pin worms, which may have contributed to the elevations in eosinophil. Testicular toxicity (dilatation of seminiferous tubules, atrophy, and degeneration of the germinal epithelium) was observed in 2 rats at 20 mg/kg and in 5 rats at 100 mg/kg (main and recovery). Brain lesions (unilateral focal accumulation of cells in the white matter of the cerebral cortex) were observed in 2 rats at 100 mg/kg, and vascular neoplasms (1 fatal multicentric hemangiosarcoma and 1 benign hemangioma) were observed at 100 mg/kg/wk. Overall, these studies show that CNTO5825 was without toxicity when administered to rats for up to 6 weeks and to monkeys for up to 6 months. However, when administered to rats for 6 months, a number of seemingly unrelated events occurred that could not be clearly linked to CNTO5825 administration, inhibition of IL-13, or to the immunological status of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivo P Nnane
- Janssen Research and Development Inc, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Calvert Louden
- Janssen Research and Development Inc, Spring House, PA, USA
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13
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Nnane IP, Xu Z, Zhou H, Davis HM. Non-Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetics and First-in-Human Dose Selection for CNTO 5825, an Anti-Interleukin-13 Monoclonal Antibody. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:219-25. [PMID: 25683750 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CNTO 5825 is a human anti-interleukin-13 (IL-13) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits binding of human IL-13 to IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. The purpose of this investigation was to predict human pharmacokinetics (PK) of CNTO 5825 using different allometric approaches and non-clinical PK data in order to select the right and safe doses for first-in-human (FIH) study. After intravenous (IV) administration of CNTO 5825, clearance (CL) ranged from 9.98 to 11.49 ml/day/kg in rats and from 5.78 to 7.19 ml/day/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) in rats was large (151.52-155.64 ml/kg) compared to cynomolgus monkey (49.77-61.10 ml/kg). The terminal half-life (T1/2 ) ranged from 12.29 to 14.15 days in rats and from 6.61 to 7.73 days in cynomolgus monkeys. The PK of CNTO 5825 was linear in 1-10 mg/kg dose range in both species. The bioavailability after subcutaneous (SC) administration was 94% and 79% in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively. The predicted CL and Vss based on allometric methods and PK data from rats and monkeys were within twofold of observed CL and Vss in human beings; the predicted CL and Vss in human beings (70 kg) based on time-invariant method with combined PK data from rats and monkeys were 4.84 ± 1.13 ml/day/kg and 68.93 ± 35.55 ml/kg, respectively. The selected doses for the FIH study based on time-invariant method and no observed adverse effect level in toxicity studies in rats and monkeys provided exposures that were subsequently shown to be well tolerated and safe in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Nnane
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Honghui Zhou
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Hugh M Davis
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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Combined therapeutic benefit of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ10, and angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan, on cardiovascular function. J Hypertens 2014; 32:555-64. [PMID: 24309493 PMCID: PMC3914904 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the development of cardiovascular disease highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. This study assessed the potential therapeutic benefit of combining the mitochondria-specific antioxidant, MitoQ10, with the low-dose angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), losartan, on attenuation of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. In parallel, we investigated the impact of MitoQ10 on cardiac hypertrophy in a neonatal cardiomyocyte cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs, n=8-11) were treated with low-dose losartan (2.5 mg/kg per day); MitoQ10 (500 μmol/l); a combination of MitoQ10 and losartan (M+L); or vehicle for 8 weeks. Systolic pressure and pulse pressure were significantly lower in M+L rats (167.1 ± 2.9 mmHg; 50.2 ± 2.05 mmHg) than in untreated SHRSP (206.6 ± 9 mmHg, P<0.001; 63.7 ± 2.7 mmHg, P=0.001) and demonstrated greater improvement than MitoQ10 or low-dose losartan alone, as measured by radiotelemetry. Left ventricular mass index was significantly reduced from 22.8 ± 0.74 to 20.1 ± 0.61 mg/mm in the combination group (P<0.05). Picrosirius red staining showed significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis in M+L rats (0.82 ± 0.22 A.U.) compared with control (5.94 ± 1.35 A.U., P<0.01). In H9c2 neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, MitoQ10 significantly inhibited angiotensin II mediated hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner (500 nmol/l MitoQ10 153.7 ± 3.1 microns vs. angiotensin II 200.1 ± 3.6 microns, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Combining MitoQ10 and low-dose losartan provides additive therapeutic benefit, significantly attenuating development of hypertension and reducing left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, MitoQ10 mediates a direct antihypertrophic effect on rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. MitoQ10 has potential as a novel therapeutic intervention in conjunction with current antihypertensive drugs.
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Abstract
Asthma is a common medical condition affecting 300 million people worldwide. Airway inflammation, smooth muscle bronchoconstriction leading to airflow obstruction, and mucous hypersecretion are clinical hallmarks of asthma. The NHLBI Expert Panel Report 3 recommends inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) target gene transcription through their interactions with the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) at the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). The GC/GR complex enhances anti-inflammatory but inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator production. Classically, asthma has been described as a Th2-associated eosinophil-predominant disease, but recently alternative models have been described including a Th17-mediated neutrophil-predominant phenotype resulting in patients with more severe disease who may be less responsive to steroids. Additional mechanisms of steroid resistance include increased activity of GR phosphorylating kinases which modify the interactions of GR with transcription factors to inhibit the ability of GR to bind with GRE, leading to an increase in pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Oxidative stress also affects the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene transcription through the modification of transcription factors and cofactors (such as PI3K) leading to the inhibition of histone deacetylase 2. Continued investigations into the mechanisms behind glucocorticoid resistance will lead to novel treatments that improve control of severe refractory asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - J. S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
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16
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Spencer SP, Wilhelm C, Yang Q, Hall JA, Bouladoux N, Boyd A, Nutman TB, Urban JF, Wang J, Ramalingam TR, Bhandoola A, Wynn TA, Belkaid Y. Adaptation of innate lymphoid cells to a micronutrient deficiency promotes type 2 barrier immunity. Science 2014; 343:432-7. [PMID: 24458645 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How the immune system adapts to malnutrition to sustain immunity at barrier surfaces, such as the intestine, remains unclear. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and is associated with profound defects in adaptive immunity. Here, we found that type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are severely diminished in vitamin A-deficient settings, which results in compromised immunity to acute bacterial infection. However, vitamin A deprivation paradoxically resulted in dramatic expansion of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing ILC2s and resistance to nematode infection in mice, which revealed that ILCs are primary sensors of dietary stress. Further, these data indicate that, during malnutrition, a switch to innate type 2 immunity may represent a powerful adaptation of the immune system to promote host survival in the face of ongoing barrier challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Spencer
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda 20892, USA
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17
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Dooley D, Vidal P, Hendrix S. Immunopharmacological intervention for successful neural stem cell therapy: New perspectives in CNS neurogenesis and repair. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:21-31. [PMID: 23954656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological support and stimulation of endogenous and transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) is a major challenge in brain repair. Trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) results in a distinct inflammatory response caused by local and infiltrating immune cells. This makes NSC-supported regeneration difficult due to the presence of inhibitory immune factors which are upregulated around the lesion site. The continual and dual role of the neuroinflammatory response leaves it difficult to decipher upon a single modulatory strategy. Therefore, understanding the influence of cytokines upon regulation of NSC self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation is crucial when designing therapies for CNS repair. There is a plethora of partially conflicting data in vitro and in vivo on the role of cytokines in modulating the stem cell niche and the milieu around NSC transplants. This is mainly due to the pleiotropic role of many factors. In order for cell-based therapy to thrive, treatment must be phase-specific to the injury and also be personalized for each patient, i.e. taking age, sex, neuroimmune and endocrine status as well as other key parameters into consideration. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant information concerning interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, IFN-γ, the neuropoietic cytokine family and TNF-α in order to extract promising therapeutic approaches for further research. We will focus on the consequences of neuroinflammation on endogenous brain stem cells and the transplantation environment, the effects of the above cytokines on NSCs, as well as immunopharmacological manipulation of the microenvironment for potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhaile Dooley
- Dep. of Morphology & Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Pia Vidal
- Dep. of Morphology & Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Dep. of Morphology & Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Belgium.
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18
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Ma Y, Halayko AJ, Basu S, Guan Q, Weiss CR, Ma AG, HayGlass KT, Becker AB, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Sustained Suppression of IL-13 by a Vaccine Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:540-549. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0060oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Qingdong Guan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | - Carolyn R. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | | | - Kent T. HayGlass
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Allan B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Richard J. Warrington
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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Gibeon D, Menzies-Gow AN. Targeting interleukins to treat severe asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 6:423-39. [PMID: 22971067 DOI: 10.1586/ers.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma is thought to be a heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes predicated primarily on the nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and response to corticosteroid therapy. This group of patients often has refractory disease with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality, and there remains a need for better therapies for severe asthmatics. Inflammatory changes in asthma are driven by immune mechanisms, within which interleukins play an integral role. Interleukins are cell-signaling cytokines that are produced by a variety of cells, predominantly T cells. Knowledge about their actions has improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and provided potential targets for novel therapies. To date, this has not translated into clinical use. However, there are ongoing clinical trials that use monoclonal antibodies for various interleukins, some of which have shown to be promising in Phase II studies.
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20
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Vidal PM, Lemmens E, Dooley D, Hendrix S. The role of “anti-inflammatory” cytokines in axon regeneration. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Hansbro PM, Scott GV, Essilfie AT, Kim RY, Starkey MR, Nguyen DH, Allen PD, Kaiko GE, Yang M, Horvat JC, Foster PS. Th2 cytokine antagonists: potential treatments for severe asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 22:49-69. [PMID: 23126660 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.732997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a major disease burden worldwide. Treatment with steroids and long acting β-agonists effectively manage symptoms in many patients but do not treat the underlying cause of disease and have serious side effects when used long term and in children. Therapies targeting the underlying causes of asthma are urgently needed. T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the cytokines they release are clinically linked to the presentation of all forms of asthma. They are the primary drivers of mild to moderate and allergic asthma. They also play a pathogenetic role in exacerbations and more severe asthma though other factors are also involved. Much effort using animal models and human studies has been dedicated to the identification of the pathogenetic roles of these cells and cytokines and whether inhibition of their activity has therapeutic benefit in asthma. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current status of Th2 cytokine antagonists for the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the potential for targeting Th2-inducing cytokines, Th2 cell receptors and signaling as well as the use of Th2 cell antagonists, small interfering oligonucleotides, microRNAs, and combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Th2 antagonists may be most effective in particular asthma subtypes/endotypes where specific cytokines are known to be active through the analysis of biomarkers. Targeting common receptors and pathways used by these cytokines may have additional benefit. Animal models have been valuable in identifying therapeutic targets in asthma, however the results from such studies need to be carefully interpreted and applied to appropriately stratified patient cohorts in well-designed clinical studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- The University of Newcastle, Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 2, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
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Hacha J, Tomlinson K, Maertens L, Paulissen G, Rocks N, Foidart JM, Noel A, Palframan R, Gueders M, Cataldo DD. Nebulized anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment reduces allergen-induced asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:709-17. [PMID: 22904197 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0031oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is a prototypic T helper type 2 cytokine and a central mediator of the complex cascade of events leading to asthmatic phenotype. Indeed, IL-13 plays key roles in IgE synthesis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, and eosinophil infiltration. We assessed the potential efficacy of inhaled anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment on allergen-induced airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling in an experimental model of allergic asthma. Anti-IL-13 Fab' was administered to mice as a liquid aerosol generated by inExpose inhalation system in a tower allowing a nose-only exposure. BALB/c mice were treated by PBS, anti-IL-13 Fab', or A33 Fab' fragment and subjected to ovalbumin exposure for 1 and 5 weeks (short-term and long-term protocols). Our data demonstrate a significant antiasthma effect after nebulization of anti-IL-13 Fab' in a model of asthma driven by allergen exposure as compared with saline and nonimmune Fab fragments. In short- and long-term protocols, administration of the anti-IL-13 Fab' by inhalation significantly decreased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia, inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, and many features of airway remodeling. Levels of proinflammatory mediators and matrix metalloprotease were significantly lower in lung parenchyma of mice treated with anti-IL-13 Fab'. These data demonstrate that an inhaled anti-IL-13 Fab' significantly reduces airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Specific neutralization of IL-13 in the lungs using an inhaled anti-IL-13 Fab' could represent a novel and effective therapy for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hacha
- Laboratory of Tumors and Developmental Biology and Department of Respiratory Diseases, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Research (GIGA-I³ and GIGA-Cancer), University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
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Interleukin-13 peptide kinoid vaccination attenuates allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:553-60. [PMID: 22735668 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an atopic disorder with increasing frequency and severity in developed nations. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is one of the most critical mediators of asthma pathology. In the present study, we developed a vaccine comprised of a keyhole limpet hemocyanin-mIL-13 heterocomplex immunogen to persistently neutralize excessive endogenous IL-13. Our results showed that the IL-13 peptide kinoid vaccine could induce sustained and high titer of IL-13-specific IgG when using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, and could suppress the accumulation of eosinophils as well as IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, total IgE and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE in serum were significantly inhibited. This study also showed that vaccination could prevent airway inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation with goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model of acute asthma. In summary, our findings suggest that the IL-13 peptide kinoid can serve as an innovative and effective vaccine against asthma.
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Nam JH, Park KW, Park ES, Lee YB, Lee HG, Baik HH, Kim YS, Maeng S, Park J, Jin BK. Interleukin-13/-4-induced oxidative stress contributes to death of hippocampal neurons in aβ1-42-treated hippocampus in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1369-83. [PMID: 22248368 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined whether Aβ(1-42) can induce endogenous expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) or (IL-4) within activated microglia in the rat hippocampus in vivo. We further investigated whether these cytokines mediate ROS/RNS generation through activation of NADPH oxidase and/or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and thus contribute to the degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo. RESULTS Here, we show that IL-13 and IL-4, endogenously expressed in Aβ(1-42)-activated microglia in hippocampus in vivo, contribute to degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo. Neutralization of IL-13 and IL-4 protected hippocampal neurons in vivo against neurotoxicity by inhibiting activation of microglial NADPH oxidase and iNOS, resulting in attenuation of ROS generation and oxidative damage of protein, lipid and DNA. INNOVATION To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the possible involvement of endogenously expressed IL-13 and/or IL-4 in activated microglia after Aβ(1-42) injection in the degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo. The current findings suggest that the deleterious effects of microglia-derived endogenous IL-13 and/or IL-4 are involved in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. CONCLUSION We carefully hypothesize that IL-13 and IL-4, well-known as anti-inflammatory cytokines might serve as neurotoxic mediators by enhancing microglia-derived oxidative stress in Aβ(1-42)-treated hippocampus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Holgate ST. Trials and tribulations in identifying new biologic treatments for asthma. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:238-46. [PMID: 22436378 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drugs used to treat asthma have a long history, beginning with the bronchodilators and evolving into compounds that suppress airway inflammation. Guidelines for treatment of asthma are largely based on disease severity and control, rather than underlying mechanisms. However, identification of biomarkers in the causal pathways of asthma is enabling responders to be differentiated from nonresponders. Initial efforts have focused on biomarkers of the T helper (Th)2 pathway because this is a target of novel therapeutics. A concerted effort is now needed to substratify asthma beyond Th2 pathways, and using appropriate biomarkers, to target only those patients likely to respond to a specific biologic. To achieve this goal, a different type of relationship is needed between academia and industry, and also within industry, to promote collaboration in the precompetitive space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Division, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Mail Point 810, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Chung MJ, Kim JM, Lee S, Kim T, Kim D, Baek J, Kim T, Lee J, Kim K, Yoon JA, Choe M. Suppressive effects of Schizandra chinensis Baillon water extract on allergy-related cytokine generation and degranulation in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:97-105. [PMID: 22586497 PMCID: PMC3349042 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizandra chinensis Baillon is a traditional folk medicine plant that is used to treat and prevent several inflammatory diseases and cancer in Korea, but the underlying mechanisms involved in its anti-allergic activity are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate mechanisms of anti-allergic activity of a Schizandra chinensis Baillon water extract (SCWE) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-antigen complex-stimulated RBL2H3 cells and to assess whether gastric and intestinal digestion affects the anti-allergic properties of SCWE. Oxidative stress is an important consequence of the allergic inflammatory response. The antioxidant activities of SCWE increased in a concentration-dependent manner. RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) specific IgE, treated with SCWE, and challenged with the antigen DNP-human serum albumin. SCWE inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and protein in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL2H3 cells. We found that digested SCWE fully maintained its antioxidant activity and anti-allergic activity against the IgE-antigen complex-induced activation of RBL-2H3 cells. SCWE may be useful for preventing allergic diseases, such as asthma. Thus, SCWE could be used as a natural functional ingredient for allergic diseases in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Chung
- The Nutraceutical Bio Brain Korea 21 Project Group, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Bezerra-Santos CR, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Vieira GC, Filho JR, Barbosa-Filho JM, Pires AL, Martins MA, Souza HS, Bandeira-Melo C, Bozza PT, Piuvezam MR. Effectiveness of Cissampelos sympodialis and its isolated alkaloid warifteine in airway hyperreactivity and lung remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:148-55. [PMID: 22480776 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) is a plant found in Northeastern and Southeast of Brazil and hot water infusion of C. sympodialis root bark is largely used in the indigenous and folk medicine to treat several inflammatory disorders, including asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory allergic disease characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR), eosinophil tissue infiltration and lung remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of C. sympodialis and its isolated alkaloid warifteine on allergen triggered airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and lung remodeling in murine model of asthma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The oral pre-treatment with C. sympodialis or warifteine inhibited allergen-induced AHR to inhaled methacholine and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In order to investigate the therapeutic potential of C. sympodialis and warifteine, animals were treated 1h after the last ovalbumin (OVA) challenge in sensitized animals. Similarly to the pre-treatment, post-treatment with warifteine was effective to inhibit significantly AHR to inhaled methacholine and to reduce IL-13 levels in the BAL. In addition, oral pre- or post-treatments with C. sympodialis or warifteine reduced OVA-induced eosinophil tissue infiltration, mucus production and subepithelial fibrosis to values similar to nonallergic controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data show the anti-allergic and immunoregulatory properties of C. sympodialis, acting mostly through the active compound warifteine, to inhibit the airway hyperreactivity and lung remodeling through a mechanism at least partially dependent of IL-13 and eosinophil inhibition. Therefore placing warifteine as an interesting therapeutic candidate in allergic inflammation and corroborating the folk medicine use of C. sympodialis as anti-allergic plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Bezerra-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-970 Paraíba, Brazil
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Redundant Notch1 and Notch2 signaling is necessary for IFNγ secretion by T helper 1 cells during infection with Leishmania major. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002560. [PMID: 22396647 PMCID: PMC3291656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective immune response to intracellular parasites involves in most cases the differentiation of IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cells. Notch receptors regulate cell differentiation during development but their implication in the polarization of peripheral CD4+ T helper 1 cells is not well understood. Of the four Notch receptors, only Notch1 (N1) and Notch2 (N2) are expressed on activated CD4+ T cells. To investigate the role of Notch in Th1 cell differentiation following parasite infection, mice with T cell-specific gene ablation of N1, N2 or both (N1N2ΔCD4Cre) were infected with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. N1N2ΔCD4Cre mice, on the C57BL/6 L. major-resistant genetic background, developed unhealing lesions and uncontrolled parasitemia. Susceptibility correlated with impaired secretion of IFNγ by draining lymph node CD4+ T cells and increased secretion of the IL-5 and IL-13 Th2 cytokines. Mice with single inactivation of N1 or N2 in their T cells were resistant to infection and developed a protective Th1 immune response, showing that CD4+ T cell expression of N1 or N2 is redundant in driving Th1 differentiation. Furthermore, we show that Notch signaling is required for the secretion of IFNγ by Th1 cells. This effect is independent of CSL/RBP-Jκ, the major effector of Notch receptors, since L. major-infected mice with a RBP-Jκ deletion in their T cells were able to develop IFNγ-secreting Th1 cells, kill parasites and heal their lesions. Collectively, we demonstrate here a crucial role for RBP-Jκ-independent Notch signaling in the differentiation of a functional Th1 immune response following L. major infection. Infection with protozoan parasites of Leishmania species results in a spectrum of local or systemic diseases in humans and mammals. Overall, leishmaniasis afflicts around 12 million individuals in 88 countries worldwide. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent form of the disease. In order to better understand the complex molecular pathways leading to protection against the cutaneous form of the disease, we used the Leishmania major mouse model. Most mouse strains control L. major infection due to the development of a Th1 response, leading to secretion of IFNγ by T cells which promotes healing and resistance to reinfection. Notch signaling is a very conserved pathway in the regulation of cell differentiation and cell fate decision. However the contribution of Notch receptors in the response to parasite infection is not clear. In this study, we infected mice that do not express Notch1 and Notch2 receptors on the surface of their T cells. We show that these Notch receptors are key players in the development of a protective Th1 immune response against L. major. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of a protective response against pathogens.
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IL-13 polymorphisms contribute to the risk of asthma: a meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2011; 45:285-8. [PMID: 22222605 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of interleukin-13 (IL-13) polymorphisms on the risk of asthma using a meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifteen publications were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase, ISI, OVID, and EBSCO databases. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate the association between IL-13 polymorphisms and risk of asthma. RESULTS The polymorphisms of R130Q (rs20541) and -1112C/T (rs1800925) in IL-13 gene were associated with significantly increased risks of asthma in overall analyses. Subgroup analyses showed that the elevated risks occurred in adult-onset asthma, Caucasians, and high quality studies. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence that the R130Q and -1112C/T polymorphisms in IL-13 are risk factors for asthma.
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Catley MC, Coote J, Bari M, Tomlinson KL. Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 132:333-51. [PMID: 21944943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which can have a detrimental effect on quality of life and in extreme cases cause death. Although the majority of patients can control their asthma symptoms with a combination of steroids and beta agonists there is still a group of patients whose asthma remains symptomatic despite the best available treatment. These severe asthmatic patients represent the unmet medical need in asthma and are the focus of those developing novel monoclonal antibody based drugs. The complex networks of cytokines and cells involved in the pathology of asthma provide plenty of scope for intervention with monoclonal antibody based drugs which are able to block cytokine or chemokine receptor interactions, deplete cells expressing a specific receptor or block cell/cell interactions. At present anti-IgE (Xolair©) is the only monoclonal antibody based drug approved for the treatment of asthma. However, a number of other antibody based drugs have been clinically tested in asthma including anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4, anti-IL-13, anti-TNFα, anti-CCR3, anti-CCR4 and anti-OX40L. This review will examine the development of these monoclonal antibody based therapies. Since many of these therapies have targeted key pathways in asthma pathology these studies provide information on patient stratification and asthma pathology.
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Hansbro PM, Kaiko GE, Foster PS. Cytokine/anti-cytokine therapy - novel treatments for asthma? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:81-95. [PMID: 21232048 PMCID: PMC3085870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and there are no preventions or cures. Inflammatory cells through the secretion of cytokines and pro-inflammatory molecules are thought to play a critical role in pathogenesis. Type 2 CD4(+) lymphocytes (Th2 cells) and their cytokines predominate in mild to moderate allergic asthma, whereas severe steroid-resistant asthma has more of a mixed Th2/Th1 phenotype with a Th17 component. Other immune cells, particularly neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells, as well structural cells such as epithelial and airway smooth muscle cells also produce disease-associated cytokines in asthma. Increased levels of these immune cells and cytokines have been identified in clinical samples and their potential role in disease demonstrated in studies using mouse models of asthma. Clinical trials with inhibitors of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, -5 and tumour necrosis factor-α have had success in some studies but not others. This may reflect the design of the clinical trials, including treatments regimes and the patient population included in these studies. IL-13, -9 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are currently being evaluated in clinical trials or preclinically and the outcome of these studies is eagerly awaited. Roles for IL-25, -33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interferon-γ, IL-17 and -27 in the regulation of asthma are just emerging, identifying new ways to treat inflammation. Careful interpretation of results from mouse studies will inform the development and application of therapeutic approaches for asthma. The most effective approaches may be combination therapies that suppress multiple cytokines and a range of redundant and disconnected pathways that separately contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Astute application of these approaches may eventually lead to the development of effective asthma therapeutics. Here we review the current state of knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Wilson MS, Ramalingam TR, Rivollier A, Shenderov K, Mentink-Kane MM, Madala SK, Cheever AW, Artis D, Kelsall BL, Wynn TA. Colitis and intestinal inflammation in IL10-/- mice results from IL-13Rα2-mediated attenuation of IL-13 activity. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:254-64. [PMID: 20951137 PMCID: PMC3006653 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is required to maintain immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. IL-10 null mice spontaneously develop colitis or are more susceptible to induction of colitis by infections, drugs, and autoimmune reactions. IL-13 regulates inflammatory conditions; its activity might be compromised by the IL-13 decoy receptor (IL-13Rα2). METHODS We examined the roles of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 in intestinal inflammation in mice. To study the function of IL-13Rα2, il10(-/-) mice were crossed with il13rα2(-/-) to generate il10(-/-)il13rα2(-/-) double knockout (dKO) mice. Colitis was induced with the gastrointestinal toxin piroxicam or Trichuris muris infection. RESULTS Induction of colitis by interferon (IFN)-γ or IL-17 in IL-10 null mice requires IL-13Rα2. Following exposure of il10(-/-) mice to piroxicam or infection with T muris, production of IL-13Rα2 increased, resulting in decreased IL-13 bioactivity and increased inflammation in response to IFN-γ or IL-17A. In contrast to il10(-/-) mice, dKO mice were resistant to piroxicam-induced colitis; they also developed less severe colitis during chronic infection with T muris infection. In both models, resistance to IFN-γ and IL-17-mediated intestinal inflammation was associated with increased IL-13 activity. Susceptibility to colitis was restored when the dKO mice were injected with monoclonal antibodies against IL-13, confirming its protective role. CONCLUSIONS Colitis and intestinal inflammation in IL10(-/-) mice results from IL-13Rα2-mediated attenuation of IL-13 activity. In the absence of IL-13Rα2, IL-13 suppresses proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 responses. Reagents that block the IL-13 decoy receptor IL-13Rα2 might be developed for inflammatory bowel disease associated with increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Wilson
- Immunopathogensis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thirumalai R. Ramalingam
- Immunopathogensis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kevin Shenderov
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Margaret M. Mentink-Kane
- Immunopathogensis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Satish K. Madala
- Immunopathogensis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - David Artis
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian L. Kelsall
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- Immunopathogensis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892,Corresponding author: Dr. Thomas A. Wynn, Tel. 301-496-4758, Fax: 301-480-5025,
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Chiba Y, Onoda S, Todoroki M, Nishida Y, Misawa M. Upregulation of interleukin-13 receptor chains in bronchial smooth muscle tissues of mouse experimental asthma. J Smooth Muscle Res 2010; 46:49-55. [PMID: 20383033 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.46.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is believed to be a central mediator of the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), one of the characteristic features of allergic bronchial asthma. The IL-13-mediated events are mainly generated by its binding to functional IL-13 receptor, IL13Ralpha1 chain. In the present study, the changes in the levels of IL-13 receptors in bronchial smooth muscles were determined in mice with AHR induced by antigen inhalation. Mice were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin antigen. Total RNAs of the left main bronchi were extracted, and real-time RT-PCR analyses for IL13Ralpha1 and IL13Ralpha2 chains were conducted. As a result, both the receptor chains were significantly increased in the diseased bronchial smooth muscle. The time-course analyses revealed that the peaks of IL13Ralpha1 and IL13Ralpha2 upregulations were at 6 hour and 3-12 hour after the last antigen inhalation, respectively. It is thus possible that the IL-13-mediated signaling in bronchial smooth muscle is considerably augmented by the upregulations of IL-13 itself and its functional IL13Ralpha1 receptor in allergic asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Cowden JM, Riley JP, Ma JY, Thurmond RL, Dunford PJ. Histamine H4 receptor antagonism diminishes existing airway inflammation and dysfunction via modulation of Th2 cytokines. Respir Res 2010; 11:86. [PMID: 20573261 PMCID: PMC2914735 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway remodeling and dysfunction are characteristic features of asthma thought to be caused by aberrant production of Th2 cytokines. Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) perturbation has previously been shown to modify acute inflammation and Th2 cytokine production in a murine model of asthma. We examined the ability of H4R antagonists to therapeutically modify the effects of Th2 cytokine production such as goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH), and collagen deposition in a sub-chronic model of asthma. In addition, effects on Th2 mediated lung dysfunction were also determined. Methods Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by repeated airway challenge with OVA. After inflammation was established mice were dosed with the H4R antagonist, JNJ 7777120, or anti-IL-13 antibody for comparison. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was measured, lungs lavaged and tissues collected for analysis. Results Therapeutic H4R antagonism inhibited T cell infiltration in to the lung and decreased Th2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-5. IL-13 dependent remodeling parameters such as GCH and lung collagen were reduced. Intervention with H4R antagonist also improved measures of central and peripheral airway dysfunction. Conclusions These data demonstrate that therapeutic H4R antagonism can significantly ameliorate allergen induced, Th2 cytokine driven pathologies such as lung remodeling and airway dysfunction. The ability of H4R antagonists to affect these key manifestations of asthma suggests their potential as novel human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Cowden
- Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC San Diego, California, USA
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Sharma R, Sharma CL, Mahajan A. Biological agents targeting beyond TNF-alpha. Indian J Crit Care Med 2010; 12:181-9. [PMID: 19742267 PMCID: PMC2738326 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.45079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological agents represent an important addition to the therapies for immuno-inflammatory conditions and have a great impact on the disease course and quality of life of these patients. However, recent reports of serious infections like tuberculosis, demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases, pancytopenia, cardiovascular diseases, etc. after anti-TNF therapy raised questions on their safety. Hence, focus is shifted towards drugs targeting cytokine checkpoints in the inflammatory cascades beyond TNF-α. Existing therapeutic targets include the biological agents acting as antagonists of various inflammatory cytokines (Anakinra, Tocilizumab, Atlizumab) and modulators of CD80 or CD86-CD28 co-stimulatory signal (Abatacept), CD2 receptors on T-cells (Alefacept), CD11a, subunit of leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (Efalizumab), vitronectin receptor and CD20 antigen on pre-B, immature and mature B cells (Rituximab). With the introduction of these novel molecules the future for immunomodulatory intervention in rheumatology, asthma, crohn's disease, septic shock etc. looks very promising. These novel therapeutic agents could truly give a new hope to the clinician to modify the disease and achieve tangible improvements in the lives of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Govt. Medical College, Jammu (J and K) -180 001, India.
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Rao NL, Riley JP, Banie H, Xue X, Sun B, Crawford S, Lundeen KA, Yu F, Karlsson L, Fourie AM, Dunford PJ. Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase inhibition attenuates allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:899-907. [PMID: 20110560 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200807-1158oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Allergic asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Previous studies using leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor 1-deficient mice and adoptive transfer experiments have suggested that LTB(4) plays a role in lung inflammation and AHR. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used a leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) inhibitor as a pharmacological tool to directly examine the role of LTB(4) in a mast cell-dependent murine model of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS We used the forced oscillation technique to test the effects of an LTA(4)H inhibitor dosed during the challenge phase on AHR. Lung tissue and lavage were collected for analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment with an LTA(4)H inhibitor improved multiple parameters encompassing AHR and lung function. Significant decreases in inflammatory leukocytes, cytokines, and mucin were observed in the lung lumen. Serum levels of antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 were also decreased. Labeled antigen uptake by lung dendritic cells and subsequent trafficking to draining lymph nodes and the lung were decreased on LTA(4)H inhibitor treatment. Provocatively, inhibition of LTA(4)H increased lipoxin A(4) levels in lung lavage fluid. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that LTB(4) plays a key role in driving lung inflammation and AHR. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that inhibition of LTA(4)H, affects recruitment of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as trafficking of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes, and may beneficially modulate other pro- and antiinflammatory eicosanoids in the lung. Inhibition of LTA(4)H is thus a potential therapeutic strategy that could modulate key aspects of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin L Rao
- Immunology, Johnson & Johnson PRD, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Tomkinson A, Tepper J, Morton M, Bowden A, Stevens L, Harris P, Lindell D, Fitch N, Gundel R, Getz EB. Inhaled vs subcutaneous effects of a dual IL-4/IL-13 antagonist in a monkey model of asthma. Allergy 2010; 65:69-77. [PMID: 19796211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pitrakinra is a recombinant protein derived from human interleukin-4 (IL-4) that binds to IL-4Ralpha and acts as a competitive antagonist of IL-4 and IL-13. The studies reported here compare the dose-ranging effects of pitrakinra on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia when administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or by inhalation to the Ascaris suum-sensitive cynomolgus monkey for the purpose of elucidating the primary site of pitrakinra's anti-asthmatic action. METHODS Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and bronchoalveolar lavage cell composition was determined before and after three allergen exposures with a 1-week course of twice-daily (b.i.d.) s.c. or inhaled pitrakinra or placebo treatment. RESULTS Treatment with s.c. pitrakinra significantly reduced allergen-induced AHR, with a maximum effect of a 2.8- to 3.8-fold increase in methacholine PC(100) relative to control (P < 0.05) observed at b.i.d. s.c. doses of 0.05-0.5 mg/kg. Inhaled pitrakinra also significantly reduced AHR with a similar maximum effect of a 2.8- to 3.2-fold increase in methacholine PC(100) relative to control (P < 0.05) at nominal b.i.d. doses of 3-100 mg. The maximal effect on AHR following inhalation was observed at a plasma concentration which exhibited no efficacy via the subcutaneous route. The effect of pitrakinra on lung eosinophilia was not statistically significant following either route of administration, although lung eosinophil count was reduced in all studies relative to control. CONCLUSION Local administration of pitrakinra to the lung is sufficient to inhibit AHR, one of the cardinal features of asthma, indicating the therapeutic potential of inhaled pitrakinra in the treatment of atopic asthma.
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Herrerias A, Torres R, Serra M, Marco A, Pujols L, Picado C, de Mora F. Activity of the cyclooxygenase 2-prostaglandin-E prostanoid receptor pathway in mice exposed to house dust mite aeroallergens, and impact of exogenous prostaglandin E2. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:30. [PMID: 19878559 PMCID: PMC2776012 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), experimentally administered to asthma patients or assayed in murine models, improves allergen-driven airway inflammation. The mechanisms are unknown, but fluctuations of the endogenous cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin/E prostanoid (EP) receptor pathway activity likely contribute to the clinical outcome. We analyzed the activity of the pathway in mice sensitized to aeroallergens, and then studied its modulation under exogenous PGE2. Methods Mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) aeroallergens, a model that enable us to mimic the development of allergic asthma in humans, and were then treated with either subcutaneous PGE2 or the selective EP1/3 receptor agonist sulprostone. Simultaneously with airway responsiveness and inflammation, lung COX-2 and EP receptor mRNA expression were assessed. Levels of PGE2, PGI2, PGD2 were also determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results HDM-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation were accompanied by increased COX-2 mRNA production. In parallel, airway PGE2 and PGI2, but not PGD2, were upregulated, and the EP2 receptor showed overexpression. Subcutaneous PGE2 attenuated aeroallergen-driven airway eosinophilic inflammation and reduced endogenous PGE2 and PGI2 production. Sulprostone had neither an effect on airway responsiveness or inflammation nor diminished allergen-induced COX-2 and PGE2 overexpression. Finally, lung EP2 receptor levels remained high in mice treated with PGE2, but not in those treated with sulprostone. Conclusion The lung COX-2/PGE2/EP2 receptor pathway is upregulated in HDM-exposed mice, possibly as an effort to attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation. Exogenous PGE2 downregulates its endogenous counterpart but maintains EP2 overexpression, a phenomenon that might be required for administered PGE2 to exert its protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Herrerias
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Park KW, Baik HH, Jin BK. IL-13-induced oxidative stress via microglial NADPH oxidase contributes to death of hippocampal neurons in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4666-74. [PMID: 19752235 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of IL-13, a well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine, on the thrombin-treated hippocampus in vivo. NeuN immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining revealed significant loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons upon intrahippocampal injection of thrombin. This neurotoxicity was accompanied by substantial microglial activation, as evident from OX-42 immunohistochemistry results. In parallel, Western blot analysis and hydroethidine histochemistry disclosed activation of NADPH oxidase, generation of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative damage in the hippocampal CA1 area showing hippocampal neuron degeneration. Interestingly, immunohistochemical and biochemical experiments showed that intrahippocampal injection of thrombin increased IL-13 immunoreactivity and IL-13 levels as early as 8 h after thrombin, reaching a peak at 7 days, which was maintained up to 14 days. Moreover, double-label immunohistochemistry revealed IL-13 immunoreactivity exclusively in activated microglia. IL-13-neutralizing Abs significantly rescued CA1 hippocampal neurons from thrombin neurotoxicity. In parallel, neutralization of IL-13 inhibited activation of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative damage. Additionally, IL-13 neutralization suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase and several proinflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that IL-13 triggers microglial NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress, leading to the degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo, as occurs in cases of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun W Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Brain Korea 21 Project Center, School of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Yadav UCS, Naura AS, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Ramana KV, Boldogh I, Sur S, Boulares HA, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase inhibition suppresses the expression of Th2 cytokines and airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4723-32. [PMID: 19752229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway inflammation induced by reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors is the hallmark of asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory disease. In various cellular and animal models, we have recently demonstrated that, in response to multiple stimuli, aldose reductase (AR) regulates the inflammatory signals mediated by NF-kappaB. Because NF-kappaB-mediated inflammation is a major characteristic of asthma pathogenesis, we have investigated the effect of AR inhibition on NF-kappaB and various inflammatory markers in cellular and animal models of asthma using primary human small airway epithelial cells and OVA-sensitized/challenged C57BL/6 mice, respectively. We observed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of AR by small interfering RNA prevented TNF-alpha- as well as LPS-induced apoptosis; reactive oxygen species generation; synthesis of inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-8, and PGE(2); and activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in small airway epithelial cells. In OVA-challenged mice, we observed that administration of an AR inhibitor markedly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, IgE levels, eisonophils infiltration, and release of Th2 type cytokines in the airway. Our results indicate that AR inhibitors may offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C S Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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St Ledger K, Agee SJ, Kasaian MT, Forlow SB, Durn BL, Minyard J, Lu QA, Todd J, Vesterqvist O, Burczynski ME. Analytical validation of a highly sensitive microparticle-based immunoassay for the quantitation of IL-13 in human serum using the Erenna immunoassay system. J Immunol Methods 2009; 350:161-70. [PMID: 19732777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 is a Th2 cytokine that has been shown to be an important mediator of airway inflammation contributing to asthma lesions. Given its proposed role in asthma, measurements of this cytokine in serum may provide insights into disease mechanisms, progression and pharmacodynamic effects of IL-13 targeted therapeutics. However, current commercially available ELISA immunoassays are frequently unable to detect baseline concentrations of IL-13 in serum from healthy individuals, which are below the limit of detection. Here we describe the use of the novel microparticle-based Erenna IL-13 human immunoassay (Singulex, Inc.), which utilizes proprietary antibodies and single molecule counting technology, to quantify IL-13 from 100 microL of serum from apparently healthy subjects and clinically defined symptomatic and asymptomatic asthma subjects. The lower limit of quantification of the Erenna assay was validated at 0.07 pg/mL and the assay detected baseline concentrations of IL-13 in 98% of serum samples tested. The calibration curve showed good precision over the entire linear range of 0.07-50 pg/mL, with inter-assay imprecision <10% CV except at the lowest concentration tested (<15%). The intra- and inter-assay imprecision of spiked serum samples containing three different IL-13 concentrations (2, 8, and 25 pg/mL) ranged from 2.2-2.4% and 6.1-6.8%, respectively. Using the Erenna IL-13 assay, we observe that serum IL-13 concentrations range from <0.07-1.02 pg/mL in apparently healthy subjects (N=60) with similar ranges in asymptomatic (0.07-0.66 pg/mL, N=26) and symptomatic (<0.07-1.26 pg/mL, N=96) asthma subjects. The Erenna immunoassay improved sensitivity by over two full logs compared to previous ELISA methods, while using smaller sample volumes. In addition, the Erenna assay reliably measured IL-13 in endogenous and spiked human serum samples that were not quantifiable using other methods. Taken together, these results show that this novel assay offers a significant improvement over previous methods for high-sensitive quantitative measurement of IL-13 in human serum samples obtained from both apparently healthy and asthmatic subjects, and can be used in future clinical studies to accurately measure concentrations of this cytokine prior to and following drug therapy in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie St Ledger
- Biomarker Laboratory, Clinical Translational Medicine, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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Inhibition of aldose reductase prevents experimental allergic airway inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6535. [PMID: 19657391 PMCID: PMC2717330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bronchial asthma, a clinical complication of persistent inflammation of the airway and subsequent airway hyper-responsiveness, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Several studies have shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in initiation as well as amplification of inflammation in airways. However, still there are no good anti-oxidant strategies available for therapeutic intervention in asthma pathogenesis. Most recent studies suggest that polyol pathway enzyme, aldose reductase (AR), contributes to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-induced inflammation by affecting the NF-kappaB-dependent expression of cytokines and chemokines and therefore inhibitors of AR could be anti-inflammatory. Since inhibitors of AR have already gone through phase-III clinical studies for diabetic complications and found to be safe, our hypothesis is that AR inhibitors could be novel therapeutic drugs for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of AR inhibition in the prevention of allergic responses to a common natural airborne allergen, ragweed pollen that leads to airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in a murine model of asthma. METHODS AND FINDINGS Primary Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells (SAEC) were used to investigate the in vitro effects of AR inhibition on ragweed pollen extract (RWE)-induced cytotoxic and inflammatory signals. Our results indicate that inhibition of AR prevents RWE -induced apoptotic cell death as measured by annexin-v staining, increase in the activation of NF-kappaB and expression of inflammatory markers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase (COX)-2, Prostaglandin (PG) E(2), IL-6 and IL-8. Further, BALB/c mice were sensitized with endotoxin-free RWE in the absence and presence of AR inhibitor and followed by evaluation of perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, mucin production, eosinophils infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our results indicate that inhibition of AR prevents airway inflammation and production of inflammatory cytokines, accumulation of eosinophils in airways and sub-epithelial regions, mucin production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that airway inflammation due to allergic response to RWE, which subsequently activates oxidative stress-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines via NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism, could be prevented by AR inhibitors. Therefore, inhibition of AR could have clinical implications, especially for the treatment of airway inflammation, a major cause of asthma pathogenesis.
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Mouse models of asthma: a comparison between C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains regarding bronchial responsiveness, inflammation, and cytokine production. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:845-54. [PMID: 19506803 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal models of asthma mimic major features of human disease. Since the genetic background of experimental animals might affect hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, we studied its potential influence and the mechanisms leading to differences in strains. METHODS We applied a mouse model of allergic asthma to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS BALB/c mice displayed greater levels of airway reactivity to methacholine than C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, BALB/c mice exhibited higher numbers of mast cells in lung tissue when compared to C57BL/6. On the contrary, eosinophil and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as peribronchial eosinophilia were greater in C57BL/6. IL (Interleukin)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and CCL11 levels measured in whole-lung extracts were higher in BALB/c, while, in sharp contrast, CCL11 and CCL5 levels were higher in BALF of C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS We observed phenotypic differences between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in an asthma model with different distributions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells.
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Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Wu SJ, Luo J, Kang J, O'Neil K, Gilliland GL. Epitope Mapping of Anti-Interleukin-13 Neutralizing Antibody CNTO607. J Mol Biol 2009; 389:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nials AT, Uddin S. Mouse models of allergic asthma: acute and chronic allergen challenge. Dis Model Mech 2009; 1:213-20. [PMID: 19093027 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways; however, the underlying physiological and immunological processes are not fully understood. Animal models have been used to elucidate asthma pathophysiology, and to identify and evaluate novel therapeutic targets. Several recent review articles (Epstein, 2004; Lloyd, 2007; Boyce and Austen, 2005; Zosky and Sly, 2007) have discussed the potential value of these models. Allergen challenge models reproduce many features of clinical asthma and have been widely used by investigators; however, the majority involve acute allergen challenge procedures. It is recognised that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from continued or intermittent allergen exposure, usually via inhalation, and there has been a recent focus on developing chronic allergen exposure models, predominantly in mice. Here, we review the acute and chronic exposure mouse models, and consider their potential role and impact in the field of asthma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Nials
- Discovery Biology, Respiratory Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
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Altered regulation of aquaporin gene expression in allergen and IL-13-induced mouse models of asthma. Cytokine 2009; 46:111-8. [PMID: 19237298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IL-13 is known to affect many processes that contribute to an asthmatic phenotype, including inflammation, fibrosis, and mucus production. Members of the aquaporin (AQP) family of transmembrane water channels are targets of regulation in models of lung injury and inflammation. Therefore, we examined AQP mRNA and protein expression in allergen and IL-13-induced mouse models of asthma. Lungs from ovalbumin sensitized and ovalbumin challenged (OVA/OVA) and IL-13 treated mice showed airway thickening, increased mucus production, and pulmonary eosinophilia. Pulmonary function tests showed a significant increase in methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity in OVA/OVA and IL-13-treated mice as compared with controls. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed differential regulation of AQPs in these two models. AQP1 and AQP4 mRNA expression was downregulated in the OVA/OVA model, but not in the IL-13 model. AQP5 mRNA was reduced in both models, whereas AQP3 was upregulated only in the IL-13 model. Western analysis showed that diminished expression of an apically localized aquaporin, (AQP5), and concomitant upregulation of a basolateral aquaporin (AQP3 or AQP4) are characteristic features of both inducible asthma models. These results demonstrate that aquaporins are common targets of gene expression in both allergen and IL-13 induced mouse models of asthma.
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Chiba Y, Todoroki M, Nishida Y, Tanabe M, Misawa M. A novel STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 ameliorates antigen-induced bronchial hypercontractility in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:516-24. [PMID: 19202006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0163oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is one of the central mediators for development of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. The signal transducer and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) is one of the major signal transducers activated by IL-13, and a possible involvement of IL-13/STAT6 pathway in the augmented bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contraction has been suggested. In the present study, the effect of a novel STAT6 inhibitor, AS1517499, on the development of antigen-induced BSM hyperresponsiveness was investigated. In cultured human BSM cells, IL-13 (100 ng/ml) caused a phosphorylation of STAT6 and an up-regulation of RhoA, a monomeric GTPase responsible for Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle contraction: both events were inhibited by co-incubation with AS1517499 (100 nM). In BALB/c mice that were actively sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin antigen, an increased IL-13 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and a phosphorylation of STAT6 in bronchial tissues were observed after the last antigen challenge. These mice had an augmented BSM contractility to acetylcholine together with an up-regulation of RhoA in bronchial tissues. Intraperitoneal injections of AS1517499 (10 mg/kg) 1 hour before each ovalbumin exposure inhibited both the antigen-induced up-regulation of RhoA and BSM hyperresponsiveness, almost completely. A partial but significant inhibition of antigen-induced production of IL-13 was also found. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of STAT6 inhibitory agents, such as AS1517499, both on RhoA and IL-13 up-regulations might be useful for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Martin PL, Fisher D, Glass W, O'Neil K, Das A, Martin EC, Li L. Preclinical safety and pharmacology of an anti-human interleukin-13 monoclonal antibody in normal macaques and in macaques with allergic asthma. Int J Toxicol 2009; 27:351-8. [PMID: 19037805 DOI: 10.1080/10915810802430509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a central role in chronic airway diseases, including asthma. These studies were conducted to evaluate the safety of administration of a human anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to normal macaques and in macaques with allergic asthma. In addition, serum and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid were collected from allergic cynomolgus macaques in order to identify potential surrogate markers of IL-13 pharmacology that could be useful for subsequent clinical trials. In vitro studies demonstrated that the anti-IL-13 mAb inhibited the pharmacological actions of both human and cynomolgus macaque IL-13. Allergic macaques were treated systemically with 10 mg/kg anti-IL-13 mAb 1 day prior to inhaled Ascaris suum antigen challenge. Normal macaques were dosed intravenously with anti-IL-13 once per week for 3 weeks at doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg. Treatment of macaques with the anti-IL-13 mAb was not associated with any toxicologically significant findings. A slight treatment-related but nonadverse decrease in platelet counts was observed in both the normal and allergic macaques. In allergic macaques, the anti-IL-13 mAb treatment did not affect lung function, lung eosinophilia, or serum or BAL immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations but did produce a reduction in BAL and serum eotaxin concentrations (p < .05) at 6 h post antigen challenge. This study shows that administration of an anti-IL-13 mAb was well tolerated in both normal and allergic asthmatic macaques and that serum eotaxin concentrations may be a useful early in vivo marker for evaluating IL-13 inhibition in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L Martin
- Centocor Research and Development Inc., Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
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Delavallée L, Assier E, Semerano L, Bessis N, Boissier MC. Emerging applications of anticytokine vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 7:1507-17. [PMID: 19053207 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.10.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most chronic inflammatory diseases have an unknown etiology but all involve cytokine cascade in their development. Several cytokines have been identified as major targets in various autoimmune diseases, resulting in the development of monoclonal antibodies against those cytokines. Even if monoclonal antibodies are indeed efficient, passive immunotherapies present some disadvantages and are expensive. To counter this, several strategies have been developed, including active immunotherapy, based on vaccination principles. The aim of such a strategy is to induce a B-cell response and to obtain autoantibodies able to neutralize the interaction of the self-cytokine to its receptor. Efficient vaccines have to induce a short-term response to avoid permanent inhibition of a given cytokine. This review focuses on the different therapeutic vaccination strategies with cytokines in preclinical studies; the benefit-risk ratio of such a strategy and the present development of clinical trials in some autoimmune diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Delavallée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ERI-18, EA4222, Université Paris 13, Physiopathologie et Biothérapies de la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France.
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Yang YS, Yang MJ, Cho KH, Lee K, Kim YB, Kim JS, Kang MG, Song CW, Song CW. Study of a BALB/c Mouse Model for Allergic Asthma. Toxicol Res 2008; 24:253-261. [PMID: 32038803 PMCID: PMC7006295 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2008.24.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a worldwide public health problem and a major socioeconomic burden disease. It is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by airway eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion. Mouse models have proven as a valuable tool for studying human asthma. In the present report we describe a comparison of mouse asthma models. The experiments were designed as follows: Group I was injected with ovalbumin (OVA, i.p.) on day 1 and challenged with 1% OVA (aerosol exposure) on days 14~21. Group II was injected on day 1, 14 and aerosol-immunized on days 14~21. Group III was injected on day 1, 14 and immunized by 1% OVA aerosol on days 18~21. We assessed asthma induction by determining the total number of white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils as well as by measuring cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, we evaluated the histopathological changes of the lungs and determined the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum. Total WBC, eosinophils, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and IgE were significantly increased in group I relative to the other groups. Moreover, histopathological studies show that group I mice show an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cell-in peribronchial and perivascular areas as well as an overall increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells relative to other groups. These data suggest that group I can be a useful model for the study of human asthma pathobiology and the evaluation of existing and novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yang
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyuk Cho
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- 23Division of Toxicological Pathology, Korea institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Kim
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- 33Division of Toxicology, Korea institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 305-343 Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Song
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Song
- 13Division of Inhalation Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 1051 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 580-185 Republic of Korea
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