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Chakraborty S, Choudhuri A, Mishra A, Sengupta R. The hunt for transnitrosylase. Nitric Oxide 2024; 152:31-47. [PMID: 39299646 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The biochemical interplay between antioxidants and pro-oxidants maintains the redox homeostatic balance of the cell, which, when perturbed to moderate or high extents, has been implicated in the onset and/or progression of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and lipoic acid-like thiol oxidoreductase systems constitute a unique ensemble of robust cellular antioxidant defenses, owing to their indispensable roles as S-denitrosylases, S-deglutathionylases, and disulfide reductants in maintaining a reduced free thiol state with biological relevance. Thus, in cells subjected to nitrosative stress, cellular antioxidants will S-denitrosylate their cognate S-nitrosoprotein substrates, rather than participate in trans-S-nitrosylation via protein-protein interactions. Researchers have been at the forefront of vaguely establishing the concept of 'transnitrosylation' and its influence on pathophysiology with experimental evidence from in vitro studies that lack proper biochemical logic. The suggestive and reiterative use of antioxidants as transnitrosylases in the scientific literature leaves us on a cliffhanger with several open-ended questions that prompted us to 'hunt' for scientific logic behind the trans-S-nitrosylation chemistry. Given the gravity of the situation and to look at the bigger picture of 'trans-S-nitrosylation', we aim to present a novel attempt at justifying the hesitance in accepting antioxidants as capable of transnitrosylating their cognate protein partners and reflecting on the need to resolve the controversy that would be crucial from the perspective of understanding therapeutic outcomes involving such cellular antioxidants in disease pathogenesis. Further characterization is required to identify the regulatory mechanisms or conditions where an antioxidant like Trx, Grx, or DJ-1 can act as a cellular transnitrosylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India.
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Hu B, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Jing Y, Yao J, Sun S. Research progress of bone-targeted drug delivery system on metastatic bone tumors. J Control Release 2022; 350:377-388. [PMID: 36007681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are common in malignant tumors and the effect of conventional treatment is limited. How to effectively inhibit tumor bone metastasis and deliver the drug to the bone has become an urgent issue to be solved. While bone targeting drug delivery systems have obvious advantages in the treatment of bone tumors. The research on bone-targeted anti-tumor therapy has made significant progress in recent years. We introduced the related tumor pathways of bone metastases. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in metastatic bone tumors. We introduce a drug-loading systems based on different environment-responsive nanocomposites for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic research. According to the process of bone metastases and the structure of bone tissue, we summarized the information on bone-targeting molecules. Bisphosphate has become the first choice of bone-targeted drug delivery carrier because of its affinity with hydroxyapatite in bone. Therefore, we sought to summarize the bone-targeting molecule of bisphosphate to identify the modification effect on bone-targeting. And this paper discusses the relationship between bisphosphate bone targeting molecular structure and drug delivery carriers, to provide some new ideas for the research and development of bone-targeting drug delivery carriers. Targeted therapy will make a more outstanding contribution to the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China.
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3
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Chou HC, Lo CH, Chang LH, Chiu SJ, Hu TM. Organosilica colloids as nitric oxide carriers: Pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112136. [PMID: 34628305 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. However, it is challenging to deliver this unstable, free-radical gaseous molecule in the body. Various nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been investigated as promising NO carriers without detailed characterization of their biological fate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility of organosilica-based NO-delivering nanocarriers. Two distinct NO nanoformulations, namely NO-SiNP-1 and NO-SiNP-2, were prepared from a thiol-functionalized organosilane using nanoprecipitation and direct aqueous synthesis, respectively. During the preparation, the thiol group was converted to S-nitrosothiol (SNO) under a nitrosation condition. The final products contain SNO-loaded organosilica particles of similar sizes (~130 nm), but of different morphologies and surface charges (between the two formulations). In the in vitro release kinetics study, NO-SiNP-1 exhibited a much slower NO release rate than NO-SiNP-2 (by 5-fold); therefore, the former is considered as a slow NO releaser, and the latter a fast NO releaser. However, in the rat pharmacokinetic study (IV bolus of 50 μmol/kg), NO-SiNP-1 was rapidly eliminated from the blood (within 20 min); in contrast, NO-SiNP-2 was slowly eliminated with an extended circulation time of 12 h for plasma SNO, along with markedly higher plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate. The two formulations are generally biocompatible. In conclusion, the paper presents contrast biological fates of two organosilica colloidal formulations for nitric oxide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Chou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lo
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Teh-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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4
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Najafi H, Abolmaali SS, Heidari R, Valizadeh H, Jafari M, Tamaddon AM, Azarpira N. Nitric oxide releasing nanofibrous Fmoc-dipeptide hydrogels for amelioration of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Control Release 2021; 337:1-13. [PMID: 34271033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity during renal procedures. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is known to play a crucial role in renal I/R injury; however, low stability and severe toxicity of high concentrations of NO have limited its applications. Herein, we developed an in-situ forming Fmoc-dipheylalanine hydrogel releasing s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (FmocFF-SNAP) for renal I/R injury. Fmoc-FF hydrogel comprising of β-sheet nanofibers was prepared through the pH-titration method. It was then characterized by electron microscopy, pyrene assay, and circular dichroism techniques. Mechanical properties of Fmoc-FF hydrogel (thixotropy and syringeability) were investigated by oscillatory rheology and texture analysis. To assess the therapeutic efficiency in the renal I/R injury model, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was measured in various samples (different concentrations of free SNAP and FmocFF-SNAP, unloaded Fmoc-FF, and sham control) by real-time RT-PCR, ROS production, serum biomarkers, and histopathological evaluations. According to the results, Fmoc-FF self-assembly in physiologic conditions led to the formation of an entangled nanofibrous and shear-thinning hydrogel. FmocFF-SNAP exhibited a sustained NO release over 7 days in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, intralesional injection of FmocFF-SNAP caused superior recovery of renal I/R injury when compared to free SNAP in terms of histopathological scores and renal function indices (e.g. serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen). Compared to the I/R control group, biomarkers of oxidative stress and iNOS expression were significantly reduced possibly due to the sustained release of NO. Interestingly, the eNOS expression showed a significant enhancement reflecting the regeneration of the injured endothelial tissue. Thus, the novel FmocFF-SNAP can be recommended for the alleviation of renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-allah Research Tower, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran.
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Katsumi H, Yamashita S, Morishita M, Yamamoto A. Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies for Treatment of Bone Metastasis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:560-566. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shugo Yamashita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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6
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Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated polymers: Bioinspired polymers utilizing one of the most important bridging structures in nature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:191-221. [PMID: 31028759 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiolated polymers designated "thiomers" are obtained by covalent attachment of thiol functionalities on the polymeric backbone of polymers. In 1998 these polymers were first described as mucoadhesive and in situ gelling compounds forming disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich substructures of mucus glycoproteins and crosslinking through inter- and intrachain disulfide bond formation. In the following, it was shown that thiomers are able to form disulfides with keratins and membrane-associated proteins exhibiting also cysteine-rich substructures. Furthermore, permeation enhancing, enzyme inhibiting and efflux pump inhibiting properties were demonstrated. Because of these capabilities thiomers are promising tools for drug delivery guaranteeing a strongly prolonged residence time as well as sustained release on mucosal membranes. Apart from that, thiomers are used as drugs per se. In particular, for treatment of dry eye syndrome various thiolated polymers are in development and a first product has already reached the market. Within this review an overview about the thiomer-technology and its potential for different applications is provided discussing especially the outcome of studies in non-rodent animal models and that of numerous clinical trials. Moreover, an overview on product developments is given.
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Khan AH, Michel D, Bertmer M. Temperature dependent 15N NMR study of nitric oxide. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 101:38-43. [PMID: 31103933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, 15N NMR data are obtained for a sample of nitric oxide at various temperatures. Spectra have been obtained in the liquid and solid state. In the former, the chemical shift as well as the spin-lattice relaxation time is characterized by the dynamic equilibrium of the dimerization reaction. Only the signal of the (NO)2 dimer is observed, while the paramagnetic NO has strong influences on the NMR parameter. From T1 relaxation and linewidth analysis a range for the correlation time of the exchange between monomer and dimer is obtained. SQUID measurements corroborate the NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat H Khan
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Michel
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marko Bertmer
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Xu Y, Ren H, Liu J, Wang Y, Meng Z, He Z, Miao W, Chen G, Li X. A switchable NO-releasing nanomedicine for enhanced cancer therapy and inhibition of metastasis. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5474-5488. [PMID: 30855625 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical chemotherapy for cancer is limited by the physiological barrier of tumors, resulting in low drug delivery to tumors, poor efficacy of drugs and inability to block tumor metastasis. Here we developed an intelligent switchable nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanoparticle, IPH-NO, which loads a photosensitizer (IR780) and the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) into NO donor-S-nitrosated human serum albumin (HSA-NO). NO exhibits two effects based on its concentration: enhancement of chemotherapy by increasing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect at low concentrations and direct killing of cancer cells at high concentrations. IPH-NO can slowly release NO in the presence of glutathione to boost tumor vascular permeability and improve drug accumulation. Near-infrared light irradiation was utilized to induce a quick release of NO that can directly kill cancer cells at high concentrations. This combination of phototherapy and NO gas therapy activated by NIR together with chemotherapy showed significant effects in tumor inhibition. Furthermore, IPH-NO blocked tumor metastasis by inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition. PH-NO provides a novel strategy to control NO release at tumor site for drug accumulation and combination therapies, consequently potentiating the anticancer efficacy and inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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9
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Sakai K, Katsumi H, Sugiura M, Tamba A, Kamano K, Yamauchi K, Tamura Y, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Pharmacokinetics and Preventive Effects of Sulfo-Albumin as a Novel Macromolecular Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrug on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2686-2693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Schudel A, Sestito LF, Thomas SN. Winner of the society for biomaterials young investigator award for the annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, April 11-14, 2018, Atlanta, GA: S-nitrosated poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles for enhanced nitric oxide delivery to lymphatic tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1463-1475. [PMID: 29352735 PMCID: PMC5924474 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a therapeutic implicated for the treatment of diseases afflicting lymphatic tissues, which range from infectious and cardiovascular diseases to cancer. Existing technologies available for NO therapy, however, provide poor bioactivity within lymphatic tissues. In this work, we address this technology gap with a NO encapsulation and delivery strategy leveraging the formation of S-nitrosothiols on lymphatic-targeting pluronic-stabilized, poly(propylene sulfide)-core nanoparticles (SNO-NP). We evaluated in vivo the lymphatic versus systemic delivery of NO resulting from intradermal administration of SNO-NP benchmarked against a commonly used, commercially available small molecule S-nitrosothiol NO donor, examined signs of toxicity systemically as well as localized to the site of injection, and investigated SNO effects on lymphatic transport and NP uptake by lymph node (LN)-resident cells. Donation of NO from SNO-NP, which scaled in proportion to the total administered dose, enhanced LN accumulation by two orders of magnitude without substantially reducing lymphatic transport of NP or the viability and extent of NP uptake by LN-resident cells. Additionally, NO delivery by SNO-NP was accompanied by low-to-negligible NO accumulation in systemic tissues with no apparent inflammation. These results suggest the utility and selectivity of SNO-NP for the targeted treatment of NO-regulated diseases that afflict lymphatic tissues. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1463-1475, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F. Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Susan N. Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, and Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Sadrearhami Z, Nguyen TK, Namivandi-Zangeneh R, Jung K, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Recent advances in nitric oxide delivery for antimicrobial applications using polymer-based systems. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2945-2959. [PMID: 32254331 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) molecule has gained increasing attention in biological applications to combat biofilm-associated bacterial infections. However, limited NO loading, relatively short half-lives of low molecular weight NO donor compounds, and difficulties in targeted delivery of NO have hindered their practical clinical administration. To overcome these drawbacks, the combination of NO and scaffolds based on biocompatible polymers is an effective way towards realizing the practical utility of NO in biomedical applications. In this regard, the present overview highlights the recent developments in NO-releasing polymeric biomaterials for antimicrobial applications, focusing on antibiofilm treatments and the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadrearhami
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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12
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Shah KU, Shah SU, Dilawar N, Khan GM, Gibaud S. Thiomers and their potential applications in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:601-610. [PMID: 27548003 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiomers are the product of the immobilization of sulfhydryl-bearing ligands onto the polymer backbone of a conventional polymer, which results in a significant improvement in mucoadhesion; in situ gelation and efflux inhibition compare with unchanged polymers. Because of thiol groups, thiomers have more reactivity and enhanced protection against oxidation. Since the late 1990s, extensive work has been conducted on these promising polymeric excipients in the pharmaceutical field. Areas covered: This review covers thiomers, their classification and their different properties. Various techniques for the synthesis, purification and characterization of thiomers are described in detail. This review also encompasses their various properties such as mucoadhesion, permeation enhancement, in situ gelation and efflux inhibition, as well as different formulations based on thiomers. In addition to the use of thiomers as multifunctional excipients, this review also encompasses their use as drugs. Expert opinion: The synthesis is realized by linkage of sulfhydryl-bearing ligands but reported methods give low yields. Higher degrees of modification are not necessary and would probably lead to extreme changes in properties. Nevertheless, an accurate characterization of the final product is important. The scale-up procedure for industrial manufacturing has been adapted to produce GMP materials; Lacrimera® eye drops have already entered the European market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayat Ullah Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gomal University , D.I.Khan , Pakistan.,c EA3452/CITHEFOR, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Naz Dilawar
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Stéphane Gibaud
- c EA3452/CITHEFOR, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
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Wo Y, Brisbois EJ, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO). Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1161-83. [PMID: 27226170 PMCID: PMC4955746 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices are essential for patient diagnosis and treatment; however, when blood comes in contact with foreign surfaces or homeostasis is disrupted, complications including thrombus formation and bacterial infections can interrupt device functionality, causing false readings and/or shorten device lifetime. Here, we review some of the current approaches for developing antithrombotic and antibacterial materials for biomedical applications. Special emphasis is given to materials that release or generate low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is an endogenous gas molecule that can inhibit platelet activation as well as bacterial proliferation and adhesion. Various NO delivery vehicles have been developed to improve NO's therapeutic potential. In this review, we provide a summary of the NO releasing and NO generating polymeric materials developed to date, with a focus on the chemistry of different NO donors, the polymer preparation processes, and in vitro and in vivo applications of the two most promising types of NO donors studied thus far, N-diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) and S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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14
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Katsumi H, Nishikawa M, Hirosaki R, Okuda T, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Development of PEGylated Cysteine-Modified Lysine Dendrimers with Multiple Reduced Thiols To Prevent Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2867-73. [PMID: 27336683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To inhibit hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, we developed polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated (PEGylated) cysteine-modified lysine dendrimers with multiple reduced thiols, which function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Second, third, and fourth generation (K2, K3, and K4) highly branched amino acid spherical lysine dendrimers were synthesized, and cysteine (C) was conjugated to the outer layer of these lysine dendrimers to obtain K2C, K3C, and K4C dendrimers. Subsequently, PEG was reacted with the C residues of the dendrimers to obtain PEGylated dendrimers with multiple reduced thiols (K2C-PEG, K3C-PEG, and K4C-PEG). Radiolabeled K4C-PEG ((111)In-K4C-PEG) exhibited prolonged retention in the plasma, whereas (111)In-K2C-PEG and (111)In-K3C-PEG rapidly disappeared from the plasma. K4C-PEG significantly prevented the elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, an index of hepatocyte injury, in a mouse model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. In contrast, K2C-PEG, K3C-PEG, l-cysteine, and glutathione, the latter two of which are classical reduced thiols, hardly affected the plasma ALT activity. These findings indicate that K4C-PEG with prolonged circulation time is a promising compound to inhibit hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rikiya Hirosaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okuda
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Dokkyo Medical University , Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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15
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Heikal L, Starr A, Martin GP, Nandi M, Dailey LA. In vivo pharmacological activity and biodistribution of S-nitrosophytochelatins after intravenous and intranasal administration in mice. Nitric Oxide 2016; 59:1-9. [PMID: 27350118 PMCID: PMC5045922 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosophytochelatins (SNOPCs) are novel analogues of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) with the advantage of carrying varying ratios of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) moieties per molecule. Our aim was to investigate the in vivo pharmacological potency and biodistribution of these new GSNO analogues after intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) administration in mice. SNOPCs with either two or six SNO groups and GSNO were synthesized and characterized for purity. Compounds were administered i.v. or i.n. at 1 μmol NO/kg body weight to CD-1 mice. Blood pressure was measured and biodistribution studies of total nitrate and nitrite species (NOx) and phytochelatins were performed after i.v. administration. At equivalent doses of NO, it was observed that SNOPC-6 generated a rapid and significantly greater reduction in blood pressure (∼60% reduction compared to saline) whereas GSNO and SNOPC-2 only achieved a 30-35% decrease. The reduction in blood pressure was transient and recovered to baseline levels within ∼2 min for all compounds. NOx species were transiently elevated (over 5 min) in the plasma, lung, heart and liver. Interestingly, a size-dependent phytochelatin accumulation was observed in several tissues including the heart, lungs, kidney, brain and liver. Biodistribution profiles of NOx were also obtained after i.n. administration, showing significant lung retention of NOx over 15 min with minor systemic increases observed from 5 to 15 min. In summary, this study has revealed interesting in vivo pharmacological properties of SNOPCs, with regard to their dramatic hypotensive effects and differing biodistribution patterns following two different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gary P Martin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Shah SU, Socha M, Fries I, Gibaud S. Synthesis of S-nitrosoglutathione-alginate for prolonged delivery of nitric oxide in intestines. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2927-2935. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shefaat Ullah Shah
- EA 3452/CITHEFOR, Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France and
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (KPK), Pakistan
| | - Marie Socha
- EA 3452/CITHEFOR, Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France and
| | - Isabelle Fries
- EA 3452/CITHEFOR, Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France and
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Taguchi K, Yamasaki K, Seo H, Otagiri M. Potential Use of Biological Proteins for Liver Failure Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:255-74. [PMID: 26404356 PMCID: PMC4588199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological proteins have unlimited potential for use as pharmaceutical products due to their various biological activities, which include non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Recent scientific advances allow for the development of novel innovative protein-based products that draw on the quality of their innate biological activities. Some of them hold promising potential for novel therapeutic agents/devices for addressing hepatic diseases such as hepatitis, fibrosis, and hepatocarcinomas. This review attempts to provide an overview of the development of protein-based products that take advantage of their biological activity for medication, and discusses possibilities for the therapeutic potential of protein-based products produced through different approaches to specifically target the liver (or hepatic cells: hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells) in the treatment of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
| | - Hakaru Seo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0082, Japan.
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18
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Katsumi H, Sano JI, Nishikawa M, Hanzawa K, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Molecular Design of Bisphosphonate-Modified Proteins for Efficient Bone Targeting In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135966. [PMID: 26287482 PMCID: PMC4545940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a rational molecular design for bisphosphonate (BP)-modified proteins for efficient bone targeting, a pharmacokinetic study was performed using a series of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing BP, modified proteins with various molecular weights and varying degrees of modification. Four proteins with different molecular weight—yeast glutathione reductase (GR; MW: 112,000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA; MW: 67,000 Da), recombinant human superoxide dismutase (SOD; MW: 32,000 Da), and chicken egg white lysozyme (LZM; MW: 14,000 Da)—were modified with ALN to obtain ALN-modified proteins. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the tissue distribution of the ALN-modified and unmodified proteins was performed after radiolabeling them with indium-111 (111In) by using a bifunctional chelating agent. Calculation of tissue uptake clearances revealed that the bone uptake clearances of 111In-ALN-modified proteins were proportional to the degree of ALN modification. 111In-GR-ALN and BSA-ALN, the two high-molecular-weight proteins, efficiently accumulated in bones, regardless of the degree of ALN modification. Approximately 36 and 34% of the dose, respectively, was calculated to be delivered to the bones. In contrast, the maximum amounts taken up by bone were 18 and 13% of the dose for 111In-SOD-ALN(32) and LZM-ALN(9), respectively, because of their high renal clearance. 111In-SOD modified with both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ALN (111In-PEG-SOD-ALN) was efficiently delivered to the bone. Approximately 36% of the dose was estimated to be delivered to the bones. In an experimental bone metastasis mouse model, treatment with PEG-SOD-ALN significantly reduced the number of tumor cells in the bone of the mice. These results indicate that the combination of PEG and ALN modification is a promising approach for efficient bone targeting of proteins with a high total-body clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun-ichi Sano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Hanzawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Schudel A, Kassis T, Dixon JB, Thomas SN. S-Nitrosated Polypropylene Sulfide Nanoparticles for Thiol-Dependent Transnitrosation and Toxicity Against Adult Female Filarial Worms. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1484-90, 1423. [PMID: 25939735 PMCID: PMC4640194 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic polymer nanoparticle formulation utilizing the physiological nitrosothiol chemistry for nitric oxide delivery is shown. Toxicity of S-nitroso nanoparticles against adult female Brugia malayi worms, which are responsible for lymphatic filariasis, is dependent on nitric oxide release through transnitrosation as S-nitrosocysteine, a potent endogenous nitric oxide donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Timothy Kassis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Susan N. Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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20
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Shah SU, Martinho N, Socha M, Pinto Reis C, Gibaud S. Synthesis and characterization ofS-nitrosoglutathione-oligosaccharide-chitosan as a nitric oxide donor. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1209-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1028916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Time lasting S-nitrosoglutathione polymeric nanoparticles delay cellular protein S-nitrosation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:1-8. [PMID: 25448077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), can be used as nitric oxide (NO) donor for the treatment of vascular diseases. However, despite a half-life measured in hours, the stability of RSNO, limited by enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradations, is too low for clinical application. So, to provide a long-lasting effect and to deliver appropriate NO concentrations to target tissues, RSNO have to be protected. RSNO encapsulation is an interesting response to overcome degradation and provide protection. However, RSNO such as GSNO raise difficulties for encapsulation due to its hydrophilic nature and the instability of the S-NO bound during the formulation process. To our knowledge, the present study is the first description of the direct encapsulation of GSNO within polymeric nanoparticles (NP). The GSNO-loaded NP (GSNO-NP) formulated by a double emulsion process, presented a mean diameter of 289 ± 7 nm. They were positively charged (+40 mV) due to the methacrylic acid and ethylacrylate polymer (Eudragit® RL) used and encapsulated GSNO with a satisfactory efficiency (i.e. 54% or 40 mM GSNO loaded in the NP). In phosphate buffer (37 °C; pH 7.4), GSNO-NP released 100% of encapsulated GSNO within 3h and remained stable still 6h. However, in contact with smooth muscle cells, maximum protein nitrosation (a marker of NO bioavailability) was delayed from 1h for free GSNO to 18h for GSNO-NP. Therefore, protection and sustained release of NO were achieved by the association of a NO donor with a drug delivery system (such as polymeric NP), providing opportunities for vascular diseases treatment.
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22
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Ishima Y, Fang J, Kragh-Hansen U, Yin H, Liao L, Katayama N, Watanabe H, Kai T, Suenaga A, Maeda H, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Tuning of Poly- S -Nitrosated Human Serum Albumin as Superior Antitumor Nanomedicine. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2184-2188. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Katsumi H, Nishikawa M, Nishiyama K, Hirosaki R, Nagamine N, Okamoto H, Mizuguchi H, Kusamori K, Yasui H, Yamashita F, Hashida M, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Development of PEGylated serum albumin with multiple reduced thiols as a long-circulating scavenger of reactive oxygen species for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:318-23. [PMID: 24509159 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of fulminant hepatic failure. Therefore, we developed polyethylene glycol-conjugated bovine serum albumin with multiple reduced thiols (PEG-BSA-SH) for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure. As a long-circulating ROS scavenger, PEG-BSA-SH effectively scavenged highly reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide in buffer solution. PEG-BSA-SH showed a long circulation time in the plasma after intravenous injection into mice. Fulminant hepatic failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) into mice. The LPS/D-GalN-induced elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was significantly inhibited by a bolus intravenous injection of PEG-BSA-SH. Furthermore, the changes in hepatic lipid peroxide and hepatic blood flow were effectively suppressed by PEG-BSA-SH. In contrast, L-cysteine, glutathione, and dithiothreitol, three traditional reduced thiols, had no statistically significant effects on the serum levels of ALT or AST. These findings indicate that PEG-BSA-SH is a promising ROS scavenger and useful in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazushi Nishiyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Rikiya Hirosaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Narumi Nagamine
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Haruka Okamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hironori Mizuguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Poly-s-nitrosated albumin as a safe and effective multifunctional antitumor agent: characterization, biochemistry and possible future therapeutic applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:353892. [PMID: 24490156 PMCID: PMC3893780 DOI: 10.1155/2013/353892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous molecule involved in multiple cellular functions. Inappropriate production of NO may lead to disease states. To date, pharmacologically active compounds that release NO within the body, such as organic nitrates, have been used as therapeutic agents, but their efficacy is significantly limited by unwanted side effects. Therefore, novel NO donors with better pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties are highly desirable. The S-nitrosothiol fraction in plasma is largely composed of endogenous S-nitrosated human serum albumin (Mono-SNO-HSA), and that is why we are testing whether this albumin form can be therapeutically useful. Recently, we developed SNO-HSA analogs such as SNO-HSA with many conjugated SNO groups (Poly-SNO-HSA) which were prepared using chemical modification. Unexpectedly, we found striking inverse effects between Poly-SNO-HSA and Mono-SNO-HSA. Despite the fact that Mono-SNO-HSA inhibits apoptosis, Poly-SNO-HSA possesses very strong proapoptotic effects against tumor cells. Furthermore, Poly-SNO-HSA can reduce or perhaps completely eliminate the multidrug resistance often developed by cancer cells. In this review, we forward the possibility that Poly-SNO-HSA can be used as a safe and effective multifunctional antitumor agent.
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Maron BA, Tang SS, Loscalzo J. S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22770551 PMCID: PMC3518544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Tong J, Yi X, Luxenhofer R, Banks WA, Jordan R, Zimmerman MC, Kabanov AV. Conjugates of superoxide dismutase 1 with amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers for enhanced brain delivery: synthesis, characterization and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:360-77. [PMID: 23163230 DOI: 10.1021/mp300496x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Here to enhance the delivery of SOD1 across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in neurons the enzyme was conjugated with poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) block copolymers, P(MeOx-b-BuOx) or P(EtOx-b-BuOx), composed of (1) hydrophilic 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx) or 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and (2) hydrophobic 2-butyl-2-oxazoline (BuOx) repeating units. The conjugates contained from 2 to 3 POx chains joining the protein amino groups via cleavable -(ss)- or noncleavable -(cc)- linkers at the BuOx block terminus. They retained 30% to 50% of initial SOD1 activity, were conformationally and thermally stable, and assembled in 8 or 20 nm aggregates in aqueous solution. They had little if any toxicity to CATH.a neurons and displayed enhanced uptake in these neurons as compared to native or PEGylated SOD1. Of the two conjugates, SOD1-(cc)-P(MeOx-b-BuOx) and SOD1-(cc)-P(EtOx-b-BuOx), compared, the latter was entering cells 4 to 7 times faster and at 6 h colocalized predominantly with endoplasmic reticulum (41 ± 3%) and mitochondria (21 ± 2%). Colocalization with endocytosis markers and pathway inhibition assays suggested that it was internalized through lipid raft/caveolae, also employed by the P(EtOx-b-BuOx) copolymer. The SOD activity in cell lysates and ability to attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide in live cells were increased for this conjugate compared to SOD1 and PEG-SOD1. Studies in mice showed that SOD1-POx had ca. 1.75 times longer half-life in blood than native SOD1 (28.4 vs 15.9 min) and after iv administration penetrated the BBB significantly faster than albumin to accumulate in brain parenchyma. The conjugate maintained high stability both in serum and in brain (77% vs 84% at 1 h postinjection). Its amount taken up by the brain reached a maximum value of 0.08% ID/g (percent of the injected dose taken up per gram of brain) 4 h postinjection. The entry of SOD1-(cc)-P(EtOx-b-BuOx) to the brain was mediated by a nonsaturable mechanism. Altogether, SOD1-POx conjugates are promising candidates as macromolecular antioxidant therapies for superoxide-associated diseases such as Ang II-induced neurocardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tong
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Superoxide dismutase as a novel macromolecular nitric oxide carrier: preparation and characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203045 PMCID: PMC3509561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that exerts multiple functions in biological systems. Because of the short-lived nature of NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are believed to act as stable NO carriers. Recently, sulfhydryl (SH) containing macromolecules have been shown to be promising NO carriers. In the present study, we aimed to synthesize and characterize a potential NO carrier based on bovine Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (bSOD). To prepare S-nitrosated bSOD, the protein was incubated with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under varied experimental conditions. The results show that significant S-nitrosation of bSOD occurred only at high temperature (50 °C) for prolonged incubation time (>2 h). S-nitrosation efficiency increased with reaction time and reached a plateau at ~4 h. The maximum amount of NO loaded was determined to be about 0.6 mol SNO/mol protein (~30% loading efficiency). The enzymatic activity of bSOD, however, decreased with reaction time. Our data further indicate that NO functionality can only be measured in the presence of extremely high concentrations of Hg2+ or when the protein was denatured by guanidine. Moreover, mildly acidic pH was shown to favor S-nitrosation of bSOD. A model based on unfolding and refolding of bSOD during preparation was proposed to possibly explain our observation.
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Abstract
The roles of nitric oxide (NO) in physiology and pathophysiology merit the use of NO as a therapeutic for certain biomedical applications. Unfortunately, limited NO payloads, too rapid NO release, and the lack of targeted NO delivery have hindered the clinical utility of NO gas and low molecular weight NO donor compounds. A wide-variety of NO-releasing macromolecular scaffolds has thus been developed to improve NO's pharmacological potential. In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of the most promising NO release scaffolds including protein, organic, inorganic, and hybrid organic-inorganic systems. The NO release vehicles selected for discussion were chosen based on their enhanced NO storage, tunable NO release characteristics, and potential as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Riccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Carpenter AW, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide release: part II. Therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3742-52. [PMID: 22362384 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing materials has emerged as potential therapeutics that exploit NO's vast biological roles. Macromolecular NO-releasing scaffolds are particularly promising due to their ability to store and deliver larger NO payloads in a more controlled and effective manner compared to low molecular weight NO donors. While a variety of scaffolds (e.g., particles, dendrimers, and polymers/films) have been cleverly designed, the ultimate clinical utility of most NO-releasing macromolecules remains unrealized. Although not wholly predictive of clinical success, in vitro and in vivo investigations have enabled a preliminary evaluation of the therapeutic potential of such materials. In this tutorial review, we review the application of macromolecular NO therapies for cardiovascular disease, cancer, bacterial infections, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis W Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jen MC, Serrano MC, van Lith R, Ameer GA. Polymer-Based Nitric Oxide Therapies: Recent Insights for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012; 22:239-260. [PMID: 25067935 PMCID: PMC4111277 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) in the 1980s, this cellular messenger has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes such as cardiovascular homeostasis, immune response, wound healing, bone metabolism, and neurotransmission. Its beneficial effects have prompted increased research in the past two decades, with a focus on the development of materials that can locally release NO. However, significant limitations arise when applying these materials to biomedical applications. This Feature Article focuses on the development of NO-releasing and NO-generating polymeric materials (2006-2011) with emphasis on recent in vivo applications. Results are compared and discussed in terms of NO dose, release kinetics, and biological effects, in order to provide a foundation to design and evaluate new NO therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C Jen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - María C Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Robert van Lith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
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Damodaran VB, Place LW, Kipper MJ, Reynolds MM. Enzymatically degradable nitric oxide releasing S-nitrosated dextran thiomers for biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Riccio DA, Nutz ST, Schoenfisch MH. Visible photolysis and amperometric detection of S-nitrosothiols. Anal Chem 2011; 84:851-6. [PMID: 22201553 DOI: 10.1021/ac2031805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), endogenous transporters of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), fluctuate greatly in physiology often as a function of disease state. RSNOs may be measured indirectly by cleaving the S-N bond and monitoring the liberated NO. While ultraviolet photolysis and reductive-based cleavage both decompose RSNOs to NO, poor selectivity and the need for additional reagents preclude their utility clinically. Herein, we report the coupling of visible photolysis (i.e., 500-550 nm) and amperometric NO detection to quantify RSNOs with greater selectivity and sensitivity. Enhanced sensitivity (up to 1.56 nA μM(-1)) and lowered theoretical detection limits (down to 30 nM) were achieved for low molecular weight RSNOs (i.e., S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitrosocysteine) by tuning the irradiation exposure. Detection of nitrosated proteins (i.e., S-nitrosoalbumin) was also possible, albeit at a decreased sensitivity (0.11 nA μM(-1)). This detection scheme was used to measure RSNOs in plasma and illustrate the potential of this method for future physiological studies.
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Heikal L, Aaronson PI, Ferro A, Nandi M, Martin GP, Dailey LA. S-nitrosophytochelatins: investigation of the bioactivity of an oligopeptide nitric oxide delivery system. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2103-13. [PMID: 21480633 DOI: 10.1021/bm200159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vitro bioactivity of S-nitrosophytochelatins (SNOPCs), oligopeptide analogues of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and their mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) delivery. SNOPCs were more potent than GSNO in inhibiting platelet aggregation and stimulating vasorelaxation. Their potency was related to the number of S-nitrosated moieties per mole compound. Transnitrosation reactions with cell membrane surface components were shown to be the primary mode of NO delivery to intracellular targets for SNOPCs, while delivery via γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was unique to GSNO. Due to rapid NO release, larger SNOPCs elicited a more transitory effect compared to smaller compounds. The duration of effect was influenced by compound molecular weight, NO release kinetics, ability to undergo transnitrosation, and incubation time with tissues. In summary, a new oligopeptide NO delivery system based on SNOPCs was shown to be biologically active and can be used to investigate the mechanisms of NO delivery to intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Riccio DA, Nugent JL, Schoenfisch MH. Stöber Synthesis of Nitric Oxide-Releasing S-Nitrosothiol-Modified Silica Particles. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011; 23:1727-1735. [PMID: 21499510 PMCID: PMC3075092 DOI: 10.1021/cm102510q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of S-nitrosothiol-modified silica particles capable of nitric oxide (NO) release. The thiol precursor modification to form S-nitrosothiol NO donors was introduced into the silica network via co-condensation of mercaptosilane and alkoxysilane precursors. Both the concentrations of reactants (i.e., water, ammonia, and silane) and the silane feed rate into the reaction proved important in the yield of monodisperse, spherical particles with tunable diameters ranging from 241-718 nm. Subsequent nitrosation resulted in NO storage approaching ~4.40 μmol NO mg(-1), as determined by total NO release. Behaving similar to low molecular weight S-nitrosothiol NO donors, the NO release from the macromolecular silica vehicles was influenced by light, temperature, and metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Riccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julia L. Nugent
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Katayama N, Nakajou K, Ishima Y, Ikuta S, Yokoe JI, Yoshida F, Suenaga A, Maruyama T, Kai T, Otagiri M. Nitrosylated human serum albumin (SNO-HSA) induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Nitric Oxide 2010; 22:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Lee PI. Controlled Nitric Oxide Delivery Platform Based on S-Nitrosothiol Conjugated Interpolymer Complexes for Diabetic Wound Healing. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:254-66. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ping I. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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Friedman A, Friedman J. New biomaterials for the sustained release of nitric oxide: past, present and future. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1113-22. [PMID: 19663720 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903196743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the 1992 'Molecule of the Year', is the focus of immense medical and scientific exploration. Interest in NO has grown exponentially since the initial and relatively recent discovery that NO is the long sought after endothelial relaxing factor. There is intense research that is continuing to expose the extensive physiologic impact of NO in virtually all organ and tissue systems under both normal and pathological conditions. Both the rate of delivery and the amount of site-specific generated NO modulate a balance between cytoregulatory and cytotoxic activities. This balancing act and the very short lifetime of NO under physiological conditions pose an extreme challenge with respect to harnessing the exceptional therapeutic potential of this molecule. Over the past two decades, the race to translate the therapeutic potential of NO to the bedside has been overwhelmingly through the development of numerous NO delivery devices/vehicles. So far no one product has emerged as a clearcut winner. This review: discusses and evaluates NO-donating platforms that are available at present; attempts to enhance delivery and efficacy through encapsulation in silane-based hydrogel matrices; and discusses and evaluates the future direction of these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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Katsumi H, Nishikawa M, Yasui H, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Prevention of ischemia/reperfusion injury by hepatic targeting of nitric oxide in mice. J Control Release 2009; 140:12-7. [PMID: 19646492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular nitric oxide (NO) donors possessing the ability to target a specific type of liver cells were developed for delivering NO to the liver. Six NO molecules were covalently bound to mannosylated (Man) or galactosylated (Gal) bovine serum albumin (BSA) through an S-nitrosothiol linkage to obtain Man-poly SNO-BSA and Gal-poly SNO-BSA, respectively. The carrier parts of Man-poly SNO-BSA and Gal-poly SNO-BSA predominantly accumulated in the liver after intravenous injection in mice. In an ischemia/reperfusion injury mouse model, in which hepatic injury was induced by occluding the portal vein for 15 min followed by a 6 h reperfusion, the elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was significantly inhibited by a bolus intravenous injection of Man-poly SNO-BSA or Gal-poly SNO-BSA, just before the start of reperfusion. In marked contrast, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine and NO-conjugated BSA, two classical S-nitrosothiols, had no statistically significant effects on the serum levels of the markers. The released NO in mouse liver was detected by electron spin resonance spectrometry only in the liver of mice receiving Man-poly SNO-BSA or Gal-poly-SNO-BSA. These findings indicate that Man-poly SNO-BSA and Gal-poly SNO-BSA are promising compounds for preventing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by delivering pharmacologically active NO to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Deng B, Glanzman D, Tidball JG. Nitric oxide generated by muscle corrects defects in hippocampal neurogenesis and neural differentiation caused by muscular dystrophy. J Physiol 2009; 587:1769-78. [PMID: 19237426 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.166256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from null mutation of dystrophin, a membrane-associated structural protein that is expressed in skeletal muscle. Dystrophin deficiency causes muscle membrane lesions, muscle degeneration and eventually death in afflicted individuals. However, dystrophin deficiency also causes cognitive defects that are difficult to relate to the loss of dystrophin. We assayed neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) in the mdx mouse model of DMD, using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation as a marker of proliferation and NeuN expression as a marker of differentiation. Our findings show that dystrophin mutation disrupts adult neurogenesis by promoting cell proliferation in the DG and suppressing neuronal differentiation. Because loss of dystrophin from muscle results in the secondary loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and NO is able to modulate neurogenesis, we assayed whether the genetic restoration of nNOS to mdx muscles corrected defects in adult, hippocampal neurogenesis. Assays of NO in the sera of active mice showed significant reductions in NO caused by the dystrophin mutation. However, over-expression of nNOS in the muscles of mdx mice increased serum NO and normalized cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the DG. These findings indicate that muscle-derived NO regulates adult neurogenesis in the brain and loss of muscle nNOS may underlie defects in the central nervous system in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Ishima Y, Kragh-Hansen U, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Albumin as a Nitric Oxide-Traffic Protein: Characterization, Biochemistry and Possible Future Therapeutic Applications. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 24:308-17. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.24.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prevention of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by prolonged delivery of nitric oxide to the circulating blood in mice. Transplantation 2008; 85:264-9. [PMID: 18212632 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31815e902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To protect hepatocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, prolonged delivery of nitric oxide (NO) to the liver was performed by a bolus intravenous injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) with about 10 NO molecules attached via an S-nitrosothiol linkage (PEG-poly SNO-BSA). METHODS A hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in mice by occluding the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 15 min followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Each NO donor was injected into the tail vein just before the initiation of the reperfusion at a dose of 2 micromol NO/kg. RESULTS The ischemia followed by reperfusion resulted in a striking increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine and NO-BSA, two classical S-nitrosothiols, had no statistically significant effect in preventing elevation of the markers. In marked contrast, PEG-poly SNO-BSA significantly (P<0.01) suppressed it. In addition, PEG-poly SNO-BSA significantly (P<0.01) reduced the number of neutrophils infiltrating into the liver and prevented the excessive production of NO from inducible NO synthase in the liver. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PEG-poly SNO-BSA can be used to prevent hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Stasko NA, Fischer TH, Schoenfisch MH. S-nitrosothiol-modified dendrimers as nitric oxide delivery vehicles. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:834-41. [PMID: 18247567 PMCID: PMC3564213 DOI: 10.1021/bm7011746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two generation-4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with S-nitrosothiol exteriors are reported. The hyperbranched macromolecules were modified with either N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (NAP) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NACys) and analyzed via 1H and 13C NMR, UV absorption spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and size exclusion chromatography. Treatment of the dendritic thiols with nitrite solutions yielded the corresponding S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide (NO) donors (G4-SNAP, G4-NACysNO). Chemiluminescent NO detection demonstrated that the dendrimers were capable of storing approximately 2 micromol NO x mg (-1) when exposed to triggers of S-nitrosothiol decomposition (e.g., light and copper). The kinetics of NO release were found to be highly dependent on the structure of the nitrosothiol (i.e., tertiary vs primary) and exhibited similar NO release characteristics to classical small molecule nitrosothiols reported in the literature. As a demonstration of utility, the ability of G4-SNAP to inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation was assayed. At equivalent nitrosothiol concentrations (25 microM), the G4-SNAP dendrimer resulted in a 62% inhibition of platelet aggregation, compared to only 17% for the small molecule NO donor. The multivalent NO storage, the dendritic effects exerted on nitrosothiol stability and reactivity, and the utility of dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles highlight the potential of these constructs as clinically useful S-nitrosothiol-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Stasko
- Contributions from the Department of Chemistry and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Contributions from the Department of Chemistry and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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Miller MR, Megson IL. Recent developments in nitric oxide donor drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:305-21. [PMID: 17401442 PMCID: PMC2013979 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 1980s, the free radical, nitric oxide (NO), was discovered to be a crucial signalling molecule, with wide-ranging functions in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. Aside from providing a credible explanation for the actions of organic nitrates and sodium nitroprusside that have long been used in the treatment of angina and hypertensive crises respectively, the discovery generated great hopes for new NO-based treatments for a wide variety of ailments. Decades later, however, we are still awaiting novel licensed agents in this arena, despite an enormous research effort to this end. This review explores some of the most promising recent advances in NO donor drug development and addresses the challenges associated with NO as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute Edinburgh, UK
| | - I L Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes, UHI Millennium Institute Inverness, UK
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Diesen D, Stamler JS. S-Nitrosylation and PEGylation of hemoglobin: Toward a blood substitute that recapitulates blood. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 42:921-3. [PMID: 17434524 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.03.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ishima Y, Sawa T, Kragh-Hansen U, Miyamoto Y, Matsushita S, Akaike T, Otagiri M. S-Nitrosylation of human variant albumin Liprizzi (R410C) confers potent antibacterial and cytoprotective properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:969-77. [PMID: 17135341 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The S-nitrosylated forms of certain proteins such as albumin have been thought to be circulating endogenous reservoirs of nitric oxide (NO) and may have potential as NO donors in therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of R410C, a genetic variant of human serum albumin with two free thiols at positions 34 (Cys-34) and 410 (Cys-410), as a NO carrier via S-nitroso formation. A biotin switch assay revealed that Cys-410 was more rapidly and efficiently nitrosylated than was Cys-34. Nitrosylation of Cys-410 introduced only small conformational changes in the protein, which were detected by far-UV circular dichroism but not by near-UV circular dichroism. In addition, both native R410C and S-nitrosylated R410C did not induce molecular heterogeneity through oligomerization. S-Nitrosylated R410C exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium in vitro and suppressed apoptosis of U937 human promonocytic cells induced by Fas ligand. In a rat ischemia-reperfusion liver injury model, S-nitrosylated R410C treatment significantly reduced liver damage, as indicated by markedly decreased release of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated retention of the S-nitroso moiety of S-nitrosylated R410C in circulation after i.v. injection, with an approximate half-life of 20.4 min in the mouse. These data suggest that R410C can be a useful NO carrier and can be regarded as a new class of S-nitrosylated proteins possessing antibacterial and cytoprotective properties with a circulation time sufficient for in vivo biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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