1
|
Goodman HJ, Szabò LZ, Sugerman SM, Myloserdnyy A, Polt R. Design and synthesis of oxytocin glycosides for the treatment of pain and substance use disorder. Methods Enzymol 2024; 698:343-359. [PMID: 38886038 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptide drugs are a promising alternative to classical small molecule therapeutics with diverse applications, ranging from antibiotic resistant infection to prostate cancer. Oxytocin (OT) is a highly evolutionarily conserved peptide neurohormone and has been of interest for pharmaceutical use since 1909. Despite their increased safety profile relative to most small molecule drugs, peptides are poor candidates based on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties from their peptide nature. Broad application of OT as a drug has been limited by these same PK issues. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations, among them glycosylation, which was used in combination with other sequence modifications to produce robust antinociception in mouse models, increased selectivity and potency at the OT receptor, and improved stability in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Goodman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lajos Z Szabò
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel M Sugerman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andriy Myloserdnyy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith MT, Kong D, Kuo A, Imam MZ, Williams CM. Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1612-1661. [PMID: 34995453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong opioid analgesics, including morphine, are the mainstays for treating moderate to severe acute pain and alleviating chronic cancer pain. However, opioid-related adverse effects, including nausea or vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, pruritus (itch), analgesic tolerance, and addiction and abuse liability, are problematic. In addition, the use of opioids to relieve chronic noncancer pain is controversial due to the "opioid crisis" characterized by opioid misuse or abuse and escalating unintentional death rates due to respiratory depression. Hence, considerable research internationally has been aimed at the "Holy Grail" of the opioid analgesic field, namely the discovery of novel and safer opioid analgesics with improved opioid-related adverse effects. In this Perspective, medicinal chemistry strategies are addressed, where structurally diverse nonmorphinan-based opioid ligands derived from natural sources were deployed as lead molecules. The current state of play, clinical or experimental status, and novel opioid ligand discovery approaches are elaborated in the context of retaining analgesia with improved safety and reduced adverse effects, especially addiction liability.
Collapse
|
3
|
Apostol CR, Bernard K, Tanguturi P, Molnar G, Bartlett MJ, Szabò L, Liu C, Ortiz JB, Saber M, Giordano KR, Green TRF, Melvin J, Morrison HW, Madhavan L, Rowe RK, Streicher JM, Heien ML, Falk T, Polt R. Design and Synthesis of Brain Penetrant Glycopeptide Analogues of PACAP With Neuroprotective Potential for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinsonism. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 1. [PMID: 35237767 PMCID: PMC8887546 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2021.818003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for curative therapies to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Most mainstay treatments currently on the market only alleviate specific symptoms and do not reverse disease progression. The Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an endogenous neuropeptide hormone, has been extensively studied as a potential regenerative therapeutic. PACAP is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects via the related Class B GPCRs PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, at which the hormone shows roughly equal activity. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also activates these receptors, and this close analogue of PACAP has also shown to promote neuronal survival in various animal models of acute and progressive neurodegenerative diseases. However, PACAP's poor pharmacokinetic profile (non-linear PK/PD), and more importantly its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability has hampered development of this peptide as a therapeutic. We have demonstrated that glycosylation of PACAP and related peptides promotes penetration of the BBB and improves PK properties while retaining efficacy and potency in the low nanomolar range at its target receptors. Furthermore, judicious structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed key motifs that can be modulated to afford compounds with diverse selectivity profiles. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that select PACAP glycopeptide analogues (2LS80Mel and 2LS98Lac) exert potent neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of traumatic brain injury and in a mild-toxin lesion model of Parkinson's disease, highlighting glycosylation as a viable strategy for converting endogenous peptides into robust and efficacious drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kelsey Bernard
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mitchell J Bartlett
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lajos Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - J Bryce Ortiz
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Maha Saber
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Katherine R Giordano
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tabitha R F Green
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - James Melvin
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Helena W Morrison
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Torsten Falk
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Apostol CR, Tanguturi P, Szabò LZ, Varela D, Gilmartin T, Streicher JM, Polt R. Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Glycopeptide Drug Candidates Related to PACAP 1-23. Molecules 2021; 26:4932. [PMID: 34443519 PMCID: PMC8401035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for efficacious treatment of neurodegenerative and progressive neuroinflammatory diseases continues, as current therapies are unable to halt or reverse disease progression. PACAP represents one potential therapeutic that provides neuroprotection effects on neurons, and also modulates inflammatory responses and circulation within the brain. However, PACAP is a relatively long peptide hormone that is not trivial to synthesize. Based on previous observations that the shortened isoform PACAP1-23 is capable of inducing neuroprotection in vitro, we were inspired to synthesize shortened glycopeptide analogues of PACAP1-23. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of glycosylated PACAP1-23 analogues that interact strongly with the PAC1 and VPAC1 receptors, while showing reduced activity at the VPAC2 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Parthasaradhireddy Tanguturi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Lajos Z. Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Varela
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Thiago Gilmartin
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flores AJ, Bartlett MJ, Root BK, Parent KL, Heien ML, Porreca F, Polt R, Sherman SJ, Falk T. The combination of the opioid glycopeptide MMP-2200 and a NMDA receptor antagonist reduced l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and MMP-2200 by itself reduced dopamine receptor 2-like agonist-induced dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:260-271. [PMID: 30201210 PMCID: PMC6309213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA)-replacement therapy utilizing l-DOPA is the gold standard symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). A critical complication of this therapy is the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). The endogenous opioid peptides, including enkephalins and dynorphin, are co-transmitters of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic transmission in the direct and indirect striatal output pathways disrupted in PD, and alterations in expression levels of these peptides and their precursors have been implicated in LID genesis and expression. We have previously shown that the opioid glycopeptide drug MMP-2200 (a.k.a. Lactomorphin), a glycosylated derivative of Leu-enkephalin mediates potent behavioral effects in two rodent models of striatal DA depletion. In this study, the mixed mu-delta agonist MMP-2200 was investigated in standard preclinical rodent models of PD and of LID to evaluate its effects on abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). MMP-2200 showed antiparkinsonian activity, while increasing l-DOPA-induced limb, axial, and oral (LAO) AIMs by ∼10%, and had no effect on dopamine receptor 1 (D1R)-induced LAO AIMs. In contrast, it markedly reduced dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)-like-induced LAO AIMs. The locomotor AIMs were reduced by MMP-2200 in all three conditions. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 has previously been shown to be anti-dyskinetic, but only at doses that induce parkinsonism. When MMP-2200 was co-administered with MK-801, MK-801-induced pro-parkinsonian activity was suppressed, while a robust anti-dyskinetic effect remained. In summary, the opioid glycopeptide MMP-2200 reduced AIMs induced by a D2R-like agonist, and MMP-2200 modified the effect of MK-801 to result in a potent reduction of l-DOPA-induced AIMs without induction of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Flores
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Mitchell J Bartlett
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA; Graduate Program in Medical Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Brandon K Root
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Kate L Parent
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Scott J Sherman
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Torsten Falk
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA; Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yadlapalli JSK, Dogra N, Walbaum AW, Prather PL, Crooks PA, Dobretsov M. Preclinical assessment of utility of M6S for multimodal acute and chronic pain treatment in diabetic neuropathy. Life Sci 2018; 192:151-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
The opioid receptor system plays a major role in the regulation of mood, reward, and pain. The opioid receptors therefore make attractive targets for the treatment of many different conditions, including pain, depression, and addiction. However, stimulation or blockade of any one opioid receptor type often leads to on-target adverse effects that limit the clinical utility of a selective opioid agonist or antagonist. Literature precedent suggests that the opioid receptors do not act in isolation and that interactions among the opioid receptors and between the opioid receptors and other proteins may produce clinically useful targets. Multifunctional ligands have the potential to elicit desired outcomes with reduced adverse effects by allowing for the activation of specific receptor conformations and/or signaling pathways promoted as a result of receptor oligomerization or crosstalk. In this chapter, we describe several classes of multifunctional ligands that interact with at least one opioid receptor. These ligands have been designed for biochemical exploration and the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, including multiple kinds of pain, depression, anxiety, addiction, and gastrointestinal disorders. The structures, pharmacological utility, and therapeutic drawbacks of these classes of ligands are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School and the Edward F. Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Deanna Montgomery
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olson KM, Lei W, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM. Novel Molecular Strategies and Targets for Opioid Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:97-110. [PMID: 28356897 PMCID: PMC5369049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Opioid drugs like morphine and fentanyl are the gold standard for treating moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, opioid drug use can be limited by serious side effects, including constipation, tolerance, respiratory suppression, and addiction. For more than 100 years, we have tried to develop opioids that decrease or eliminate these liabilities, with little success. Recent advances in understanding opioid receptor signal transduction have suggested new possibilities to activate the opioid receptors to cause analgesia, while reducing or eliminating unwanted side effects. These new approaches include designing functionally selective ligands, which activate desired signaling cascades while avoiding signaling cascades that are thought to provoke side effects. It may also be possible to directly modulate downstream signaling through the use of selective activators and inhibitors. Separate from downstream signal transduction, it has also been found that when the opioid system is stimulated, various negative feedback systems are upregulated to compensate, which can drive side effects. This has led to the development of multi-functional molecules that simultaneously activate the opioid receptor while blocking various negative feedback receptor systems including cholecystokinin and neurokinin-1. Other novel approaches include targeting heterodimers of the opioid and other receptor systems which may drive side effects, and making endogenous opioid peptides druggable, which may also reduce opioid mediated side effects. Taken together, these advances in our molecular understanding provide a path forward to break the barrier in producing an opioid with reduced or eliminated side effects, especially addiction, which may provide relief for millions of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: John M. Streicher, Ph.D., University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Life Sciences North 563, Box 245050, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, 520-626-7495,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosa M, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Barreto-Valer K, Marcelo F, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Calle LP, Arévalo JC, Rodríguez RE, Jiménez-Barbero J, Arsequell G, Valencia G. Role of the sugar moiety on the opioid receptor binding and conformation of a series of enkephalin neoglycopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2260-2265. [PMID: 28284867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation by simple sugars is a drug discovery alternative that has been explored with varying success for enhancing the potency and bioavailability of opioid peptides. Long ago we described two O-glycosides having either β-Glucose and β-Galactose of (d-Met2, Pro5)-enkephalinamide showing one of the highest antinociceptive activities known. Here, we report the resynthesis of these two analogs and the preparation of three novel neoglycopeptide derivatives (α-Mannose, β-Lactose and β-Cellobiose). Binding studies to cloned zebrafish opioid receptors showed very small differences of affinity between the parent compound and the five glycopeptides thus suggesting that the nature of the carbohydrate moiety plays a minor role in determining the binding mode. Indeed, NMR conformational studies, combined with molecular mechanics calculations, indicated that all glycopeptides present the same major conformation either in solution or membrane-like environment. The evidences provided here highlight the relevance for in vivo activity of the conjugating bond between the peptide and sugar moieties in opioid glycopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Rosa
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Gonzalez-Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katherine Barreto-Valer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Julia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis P Calle
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Juan C Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao E-48013, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU/UPV, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Váradi A, Palmer TC, Notis Dardashti R, Majumdar S. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Molecules 2015; 21:E19. [PMID: 26703561 PMCID: PMC4782750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are extremely popular owing to their facile execution, high atom-efficiency and the high diversity of products. MCRs can be used to access various heterocycles and highly functionalized scaffolds, and thus have been invaluable tools in total synthesis, drug discovery and bioconjugation. Traditional isocyanide-based MCRs utilize an external nucleophile attacking the reactive nitrilium ion, the key intermediate formed in the reaction of the imine and the isocyanide. However, when reactants with multiple nucleophilic groups (bisfunctional reactants) are used in the MCR, the nitrilium intermediate can be trapped by an intramolecular nucleophilic attack to form various heterocycles. The implications of nitrilium trapping along with widely applied conventional isocyanide-based MCRs in drug design are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Váradi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Travis C Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Multitarget opioid ligands in pain relief: New players in an old game. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:211-228. [PMID: 26656913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Still nowadays pain is one of the most common disabling conditions and yet it remains too often unsolved. Analgesic opioid drugs, and mainly MOR agonists such as morphine, are broadly employed for pain management. MOR activation, however, has been seen to cause not only analgesia but also undesired side effects. A potential pain treatment option is represented by the simultaneous targeting of different opioid receptors. In fact, ligands possessing multitarget capabilities led to an improved pharmacological fingerprint. This review focuses on the examination of multitarget opioid ligands which have been distinguished in peptide and non-peptide and further listed as bivalent and bifunctional ligands. Moreover, the potential of these compounds, both as analgesic drugs and pharmacological tools to explore heteromer receptors, has been stressed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Váradi A, Palmer TC, Haselton N, Afonin D, Subrath JJ, Le Rouzic V, Hunkele A, Pasternak GW, Marrone GF, Borics A, Majumdar S. Synthesis of Carfentanil Amide Opioids Using the Ugi Multicomponent Reaction. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1570-7. [PMID: 26148793 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel approach to synthesize carfentanil amide analogues utilizing the isocyanide-based four-component Ugi multicomponent reaction. A small library of bis-amide analogues of carfentanil was created using N-alkylpiperidones, aniline, propionic acid, and various aliphatic isocyanides. Our lead compound showed high affinity for mu (MOR) and delta opioid receptors (DOR) with no appreciable affinity for kappa (KOR) receptors in radioligand binding assays. The compound was found to be a mixed MOR agonist/partial DOR agonist in [(35)S]GTPγS functional assays, and it showed moderate analgesic potency in vivo. The compound showed no visible signs of physical dependence or constipation in mice. In addition, it produced less respiratory depression than morphine. Most mixed MOR/DOR opioids reported in the literature are peptides and thereby systemically inactive. Our approach utilizing a multicomponent reaction has the promise to deliver potent and efficacious small-molecule analgesics with potential clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Váradi
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Travis C. Palmer
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nathan Haselton
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Afonin
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joan J. Subrath
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Valerie Le Rouzic
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Amanda Hunkele
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gavril W. Pasternak
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gina F. Marrone
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, Hungary H-6726
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department
of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stevenson GW, Luginbuhl A, Dunbar C, LaVigne J, Dutra J, Atherton P, Bell B, Cone K, Giuvelis D, Polt R, Streicher JM, Bilsky EJ. The mixed-action delta/mu opioid agonist MMP-2200 does not produce conditioned place preference but does maintain drug self-administration in rats, and induces in vitro markers of tolerance and dependence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:49-55. [PMID: 25735493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous work in our laboratories provides preclinical evidence that mixed-action delta/mu receptor glycopeptides have equivalent efficacy for treating pain with reduced side effect profiles compared to widely used mu agonist analgesics such as morphine. This study evaluated the rewarding and reinforcing effects of a lead candidate, mixed-action delta/mu agonist MMP-2200, using a conditioned place preference assay as well as a drug self-administration procedure in rats. In place conditioning studies, rats underwent a 2-week conditioning protocol and were then tested for chamber preference. Rats receiving MMP-2200, at previously determined analgesic doses, could not distinguish between the drug and saline-paired chamber, whereas rats receiving the opioid agonist morphine showed a strong preference for the morphine-paired chamber. In self-administration studies, rats were trained to respond for the high efficacy mu opioid receptor agonist fentanyl on an FR5 schedule of reinforcement. Following complete dose-response determinations for fentanyl, a range of doses of MMP-2200 as well as morphine were tested. Relative to the mu agonist morphine, MMP-2200 maintained a significantly lower number of drug infusions. To begin investigating potential molecular mechanisms for the reduced side effect profile of MMP-2200, we also examined βarrestin2 (βarr2) recruitment and chronic MMP-2200 induced cAMP tolerance and super-activation at the human delta and mu receptors in vitro. MMP-2200 efficaciously recruited βarr2 to both receptors, and induced cAMP tolerance and super-activation equivalent to or greater than morphine at both receptors. The in vivo findings suggest that MMP-2200 may be less reinforcing than morphine but may have some abuse potential. The reduced side effect profile cannot be explained by reduced βarr2 recruitment or reduced cAMP tolerance and superactivation at the monomeric receptors in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn W Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, United States.
| | - Amy Luginbuhl
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Catherine Dunbar
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Julio Dutra
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Phillip Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Brooke Bell
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Katherine Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, United States
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anand JP, Porter-Barrus VR, Waldschmidt HV, Yeomans L, Pogozheva ID, Traynor JR, Mosberg HI. Translation of structure-activity relationships from cyclic mixed efficacy opioid peptides to linear analogues. Biopolymers 2014; 102:107-14. [PMID: 24436042 PMCID: PMC4132888 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most opioid analgesics used in the treatment of pain are mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. While effective, there are significant drawbacks to opioid use, including the development of tolerance and dependence. However, the coadministration of a MOR agonist with a delta opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist slows the development of MOR-related side effects, while maintaining analgesia. We have previously reported a series of cyclic mixed efficacy MOR agonist/DOR antagonist ligands. Here we describe the transfer of key features from these cyclic analogs to linear sequences. Using the linear MOR/DOR agonist, Tyr-DThr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-NH2 (DTLES), as a lead scaffold, we replaced Phe(4) with bulkier and/or constrained aromatic residues shown to confer DOR antagonism in our cyclic ligands. These replacements failed to confer DOR antagonism in the DTLES analogs, presumably because the more flexible linear ligands can adopt binding poses that will fit in the narrow binding pocket of the active conformations of both MOR and DOR. Nonetheless, the pharmacological profile observed in this series, high affinity and efficacy for MOR and DOR with selectivity relative to KOR, has also been shown to reduce the development of unwanted side effects. We further modified our lead MOR/DOR agonist with a C-terminal glucoserine to improve bioavailability. The resulting ligand displayed high efficacy and potency at both MOR and DOR and no efficacy at KOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Anand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tosi G, Ruozi B, Belletti D, Vilella A, Zoli M, Vandelli MA, Forni F. Brain-targeted polymeric nanoparticles: in vivo evidence of different routes of administration in rodents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1373-83. [PMID: 23565661 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED AIMS, MATERIALS & METHODS: The capacity of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to reach the target regardless of the administration route is a neglected field of investigation in pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Therefore, after having demonstrated in previous studies that glycopeptide-engineered NPs (g7-NPs) were able to reach the brain after intravenous administrations in rodents, this article aims to evaluate whether they can reach the CNS when administered by different routes. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The confocal microphotographs on murine brain sections showed the capability of g7-NPs to reach the target also after intraperitoneal, intranasal and oral administrations. This could open new vistas for the future application of g7-NPs in the therapeutic treatment of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mabrouk OS, Falk T, Sherman SJ, Kennedy RT, Polt R. CNS penetration of the opioid glycopeptide MMP-2200: a microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 2012; 531:99-103. [PMID: 23127847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides enkephalin and dynorphin are major co-transmitters of striatofugal pathways of the basal ganglia. They are involved in the genesis of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and in the modulation of direct and indirect striatal output pathways that are disrupted in Parkinson's disease. One pharmacologic approach is to develop synthetic glycopeptides closely resembling endogenous peptides to restore their normal functions. Glycosylation promotes penetration of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated CNS penetration of the opioid glycopeptide MMP-2200, a mixed δ/μ-agonist based on leu-enkephalin, as measured by in vivo microdialysis and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis in awake, freely moving rats. The glycopeptide (10 mg/kg) reaches the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) rapidly after systemic (i.p.) administration and is stably detectable for the duration of the experiment (80 min). The detected level at the end of the experiment (around 250 pM) is about 10-fold higher than the level of the endogenous leu-enkephalin, measured simultaneously. This is one of the first studies to directly prove that glycosylation of an endogenous opioid peptide leads to excellent blood-brain barrier penetration after systemic injection, and explains robust behavioral effects seen in previous studies by measuring how much glycopeptide reaches the target structure, in this case the DLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Varamini P, Mansfeld FM, Blanchfield JT, Wyse BD, Smith MT, Toth I. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an Orally Active Glycosylated Endomorphin-1. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5859-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce D. Wyse
- School of Pharmacy, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- School of Pharmacy, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Pharmacy, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Opioid glycopeptide analgesics derived from endogenous enkephalins and endorphins. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:205-26. [PMID: 22300099 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, potent and selective analgesics have been developed from endogenous opioid peptides. Glycosylation provides an important means of modulating interaction with biological membranes, which greatly affects the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the resulting glycopeptide analogues. Furthermore, manipulation of the membrane affinity allows penetration of cellular barriers that block efficient drug distribution, including the blood-brain barrier. Extremely potent and selective opiate agonists have been developed from endogenous peptides, some of which show great promise as drug candidates.
Collapse
|
19
|
Interaction between Mu and Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists in an Assay of Capsaicin-Induced Thermal Allodynia in Rhesus Monkeys. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:867067. [PMID: 22666579 PMCID: PMC3361312 DOI: 10.1155/2012/867067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delta opioid agonists enhance antinociceptive effects of mu-opioid agonists in many preclinical assays of acute nociception, but delta/mu interactions in preclinical models of inflammation-associated pain have not been examined. This study examined interactions between the delta agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide] and the mu agonist analgesics methadone, morphine, and nalbuphine in an assay of capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia in rhesus monkeys. Thermal allodynia was produced by topical application of capsaicin to the tail. Antiallodynic effects of methadone, morphine, and nalbuphine were evaluated alone or in combination with fixed proportions of SNC80 identical to proportions previously shown to enhance acute thermal antinociceptive effects of these mu agonists in rhesus monkeys (0.9 : 1 SNC80/methadone; 0.29 : 1 SNC80/morphine; 3.6 : 1 SNC80/nalbuphine). Methadone, morphine, and nalbuphine each produced dose-dependent antiallodynia. SNC80 produced partial antiallodynia up to the highest dose tested (5.6 mg/kg). SNC80 produced a modest, enantioselective, and naltrindole-reversible enhancement of methadone-induced antiallodynia. However, SNC80 did not enhance morphine antiallodynia and only weakly enhanced nalbuphine antiallodynia. Overall, SNC80 produced modest or no enhancement of the antiallodynic effects of the three mu agonists evaluated. These results suggest that delta agonist-induced enhancement of mu agonist antiallodynia may be weaker and less reliable than previously demonstrated enhancement of mu agonist acute thermal nociception.
Collapse
|
20
|
MDAN-21: A Bivalent Opioid Ligand Containing mu-Agonist and Delta-Antagonist Pharmacophores and Its Effects in Rhesus Monkeys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:327257. [PMID: 25954526 PMCID: PMC4412046 DOI: 10.1155/2012/327257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MDAN-21, 7′-{2-[(7-{2-[({(5α, 6α)-4,5-Epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-methylmorphin-6-yl}-aminocarbonyl)metoxy]-acetylamino}-heptylaminocarbonyl)-methoxy]-acetylamino}-naltrindole, a bivalent opioid ligand containing a mu-opioid receptor agonist (derived from oxymorphone) linked to the delta-opioid receptor antagonist (related to naltrindole) by a spacer of 21 atoms, was reported to have potent analgesic properties in mice. Tolerance, physical dependence, and conditioned place preference were not evident in that species. The finding that bivalent ligands in this series, with spacers 19 atoms or greater, were devoid of tolerance and dependence led to the proposal that MDAN-21 targets heteromeric mu-delta-opioid receptors. The present study focused on its effects in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta), a species with a physiology and behavioral repertoire not unlike humans. With regard to opioids, this species usually better predicts clinical outcomes. MDAN-21 substituted for morphine in morphine-dependent monkeys in the remarkably low dose range 0.006–0.032 mg/kg, subcutaneously. Although MDAN-21 failed to produce reliable thermal analgesia in the dose range 0.0032–0.032 mg/kg, intramuscularly, it was active in the same dose range and by the same route of administration, in the capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia assay. The results suggest that MDAN-21 may be useful in the treatment of opioid dependence and allodynia. The data provide additional evidence that opioid withdrawal is associated with sensitized pain.
Collapse
|
21
|
Aldrich JV, McLaughlin JP. Opioid Peptides: Potential for Drug Development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2012; 9:e1-e70. [PMID: 23316256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are important targets for the treatment of pain and potentially for other disease states (e.g. mood disorders and drug abuse) as well. Significant recent advances have been made in identifying opioid peptide analogs that exhibit promising in vivo activity for treatment of these maladies. This review focuses on the development and evaluation of opioid peptide analogs demonstrating activity after systemic administration, and recent clinical evaluations of opioid peptides for possible therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yue X, Falk T, Zuniga LA, Szabò L, Porreca F, Polt R, Sherman SJ. Effects of the novel glycopeptide opioid agonist MMP-2200 in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2011; 1413:72-83. [PMID: 21840512 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), the consequence of dopaminergic denervation is an imbalance in the activity of the direct and indirect striatofugal pathways, which include potentially important changes in opioid peptide expression and/or activity. The systemic administration of a novel glycosylated opioid peptide MMP-2200 (a.k.a. lactomorphin) was shown to have potent effects in two standard models of PD: 1) amphetamine-induced rotations in the hemi-Parkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rat and 2) locomotion in the reserpine-treated rat. MMP-2200, an opioid mu and delta receptor agonist, reduced amphetamine-induced rotations in severely-lesioned hemi-Parkinsonian rats; this effect was fully blocked by naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. The selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole only partially blocked the effect of MMP-2200. MMP-2200 alone did not induce rotations. This effect was also observed in a mild progressive rat 6-OHDA-lesion model. In animals treated with reserpine, profound akinesia was induced that was reversed with apomorphine. There was a prominent overshoot in animals that received apomorphine compared to non-reserpine treated animals, reflecting the well described phenomenon of dopamine supersensitivity indicating that apomorphine not only reversed akinesia but also induced hyper-kinesia. The opioid peptide MMP-2200 blocked the apomorphine-induced hyper-kinesia. This effect of MMP-2200 was prevented by pre-administration of naloxone. MMP-2200 had no effect in preventing the reserpine-induced akinesia, nor did it affect locomotion in control animals. Taken together, the results from these two models are consistent with the glycopeptide opioid agonist MMP-2200 having a potent effect on movements related to dopaminergic hyper-stimulation following striatal dopamine depletion that are best explained by a reduction in the downstream effects of dopamine agonists in these models.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basal Ganglia/drug effects
- Basal Ganglia/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glycopeptides/pharmacology
- Glycopeptides/therapeutic use
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yue
- College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lowery JJ, Raymond TJ, Giuvelis D, Bidlack JM, Polt R, Bilsky EJ. In vivo characterization of MMP-2200, a mixed δ/μ opioid agonist, in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:767-78. [PMID: 21118955 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the chemistry and antinociceptive properties of a series of glycosylated enkephalin analogs (glycopeptides) exhibiting approximately equal affinity and efficacy at δ opioid receptors (DORs) and μ opioid receptors (MORs). More detailed pharmacology of the lead glycopeptide MMP-2200 [H₂N-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Ser-(O-β-D-lactose)-CONH₂] is presented. MMP-2200 produced dose-related antinociception in the 55°C tail-flick assay after various routes of administration. The antinociceptive effects of MMP-2200 were blocked by pretreatment with the general opioid antagonist naloxone and partially blocked by the MOR-selective antagonist β-funaltrexamine and the DOR-selective antagonist naltrindole. The κ opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine and the peripherally active opioid antagonist naloxone-methiodide were ineffective in blocking the antinociceptive effects of MMP-2200. At equi-antinociceptive doses, MMP-2200 produced significantly less stimulation of locomotor activity compared with morphine. Repeated administration of equivalent doses of morphine and MMP-2200 (twice daily for 3 days) produced antinociceptive tolerance (~13- and 5-fold rightward shifts, respectively). In acute and chronic physical dependence assays, naloxone precipitated a more severe withdrawal in mice receiving morphine compared with equivalent doses of the glycopeptide. Both morphine and MMP-2200 inhibited respiration and gastrointestinal transit. In summary, MMP-2200 acts as a mixed DOR/MOR agonist in vivo, which may in part account for its high antinociceptive potency after systemic administration, as well as its decreased propensity to produce locomotor stimulation, tolerance, and physical dependence in mice, compared with the MOR-selective agonist morphine. For other measures (e.g., gastrointestinal transit and respiration), the significant MOR component may not allow differentiation from morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Lowery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Banks ML, Folk JE, Rice KC, Negus SS. Selective enhancement of fentanyl-induced antinociception by the delta agonist SNC162 but not by ketamine in rhesus monkeys: Further evidence supportive of delta agonists as candidate adjuncts to mu opioid analgesics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97:205-12. [PMID: 20678514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptor agonists such as fentanyl are effective analgesics, but their clinical use is limited by untoward effects. Adjunct medications may improve the effectiveness and/or safety of opioid analgesics. This study compared interactions between fentanyl and either the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine or the delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC162 [(+)-4-[(alphaR)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-propenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-(3-phenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide] in two behavioral assays in rhesus monkeys. An assay of thermal nociception evaluated tail-withdrawal latencies from water heated to 50 and 54°C. An assay of schedule-controlled responding evaluated response rates maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation. Effects of each drug alone and of three mixtures of ketamine+fentanyl (22:1, 65:1, 195:1 ketamine/fentanyl) or SNC162+fentanyl (59:1, 176:1, 528:1 SNC162/fentanyl) were evaluated in each assay. All drugs and mixtures dose-dependently decreased rates of food-maintained responding, and drug proportions in the mixtures were based on relative potencies in this assay. Ketamine and SNC162 were inactive in the assay of thermal antinociception, but fentanyl and all mixtures produced dose-dependent antinociception. Drug interactions were evaluated using dose-addition and dose-ratio analysis. Dose-addition analysis revealed that interactions for all ketamine/fentanyl mixtures were additive in both assays. SNC162/fentanyl interactions were usually additive, but one mixture (176:1) produced synergistic antinociception at 50°C. Dose-ratio analysis indicated that ketamine failed to improve the relative potency of fentanyl to produce antinociception vs. rate suppression, whereas two SNC162/fentanyl mixtures (59:1 and 176:1) increased the relative potency of fentanyl to produce antinociception. These results suggest that delta agonists may produce more selective enhancement than ketamine of mu agonist-induced antinociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banks ML, Rice KC, Negus SS. Antinociceptive interactions between Mu-opioid receptor agonists and the serotonin uptake inhibitor clomipramine in rhesus monkeys: role of Mu agonist efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:497-505. [PMID: 20675432 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mu-opioid agonists are effective analgesics but have undesirable effects such as sedation and abuse liability that limit their clinical effectiveness. Serotonergic systems also modulate nociception, and serotonin uptake inhibitors may be useful as adjuncts to enhance analgesic effects and/or attenuate undesirable effects of mu agonists. This study examined the effects of the serotonin uptake inhibitor clomipramine on behavioral effects produced in rhesus monkeys by mu agonists with varying efficacy at mu receptors (nalbuphine < morphine < methadone). Clomipramine and each mu agonist were studied alone and in fixed-proportion mixtures in assays of schedule-controlled responding, thermal nociception, and capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia. In the assay of schedule-controlled responding, all mu agonists dose-dependently decreased response rates. Clomipramine was inactive alone and did not alter the effects of mu agonists. In the assay of thermal nociception, all mu agonists produced dose-dependent antinociception. Clomipramine was inactive alone but produced a proportion-dependent enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine > morphine > methadone. In the assay of capsaicin-induced allodynia, nalbuphine produced dose-dependent antiallodynia. Clomipramine alone was inactive, but as in the assay of thermal nociception, it produced a proportion-dependent enhancement in the effects of nalbuphine. These findings suggest that serotonin uptake inhibitors can selectively enhance the antinociceptive effects of mu agonists in nonhuman primates. These effects of serotonin uptake inhibitors may depend on the proportion of the serotonin uptake inhibitor and the efficacy of the mu agonist. The greatest enhancement was observed with intermediate proportions of clomipramine in combination with the low-efficacy mu agonist nalbuphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Negus SS, Banks ML, Folk JE, Rice KC. Modulation of delta opioid agonist-induced antinociception by repeated morphine pretreatment in rhesus monkeys. Life Sci 2010; 86:385-92. [PMID: 20096291 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Repeated treatment with morphine increases antinociceptive effects of delta opioid agonists in rodents by a mechanism that may involve increased cell-surface expression of delta receptors. The present study evaluated effects of repeated morphine treatment on behavioral effects of the delta agonist SNC80 and the mu agonist fentanyl in rhesus monkeys. MAIN METHODS In an assay of schedule-controlled responding, three monkeys responded for food reinforcement under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule. In an assay of thermal nociception, tail-withdrawal latencies were evaluated in three monkeys using thermal stimulus intensities of 48 and 54 degrees C. In both assays, the effects of SNC80 (0.032-3.2mg/kg) and fentanyl (0.001-0.056 mg/kg) were evaluated after repeated treatment with saline or a regimen of morphine doses modeled on the regimen that enhanced delta agonist antinociception and apparent delta receptor availability in previous rodent studies. KEY FINDINGS Both SNC80 and fentanyl dose-dependently decreased rates of schedule-controlled responding, and repeated morphine treatment did not significantly alter these effects. In the assay of thermal nociception, SNC80 had little effect on tail-withdrawal latencies from water heated to 48 or 54 degrees C, whereas fentanyl increased tail-withdrawal latencies at both temperatures. Repeated morphine tended to increase the antinociceptive effects of SNC80 and to decrease the antinociceptive effects of fentanyl, but these effects of repeated morphine were small and were significant only at the higher stimulus intensity (54 degrees C). SIGNIFICANCE These results provide limited support for the proposition that prior stimulation of mu receptors selectively increases the antinociceptive effects of delta agonists in rhesus monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Negus
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N 12th St, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| |
Collapse
|