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Barton BA, Kronsberg SS, Hariri E, Vasan RS, Rade GA, Xanthakis V, Kickler TS, Rade JJ. Adjustment for Renal Function Improves the Prognostic Performance of Urinary Thromboxane Metabolites. Clin Chem 2024; 70:660-668. [PMID: 38416712 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic thromboxane A2 generation, assessed by quantifying the concentration of stable thromboxane B2 metabolites (TXB2-M) in the urine adjusted for urinary creatinine, is strongly associated with mortality risk. We sought to define optimal TXB2-M cutpoints for aspirin users and nonusers and determine if adjusting TXB2-M for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in addition to urinary creatinine improved mortality risk assessment. METHODS Urinary TXB2-M were measured by competitive ELISA in 1363 aspirin users and 1681 nonusers participating in the Framingham Heart Study. Cutpoints were determined for TXB2-M and TXB2-M/eGFR using log-rank statistics and used to assess mortality risk by Cox proportional hazard modeling and restricted mean survival time. Multivariable models were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). A cohort of 105 aspirin users with heart failure was used for external validation. RESULTS Optimized cutpoints of TXB2-M were 1291 and 5609 pg/mg creatinine and of TXB2-M/eGFR were 16.6 and 62.1 filtered prostanoid units (defined as pg·min/creatinine·mL·1.73 m2), for aspirin users and nonusers, respectively. TXB2-M/eGFR cutpoints provided more robust all-cause mortality risk discrimination than TXB2-M cutpoints, with a larger unadjusted hazard ratio (2.88 vs 2.16, AIC P < 0.0001) and greater differences in restricted mean survival time between exposure groups (1.46 vs 1.10 years), findings that were confirmed in the external validation cohort of aspirin users. TXB2-M/eGFR cutpoints also provided better cardiovascular/stroke mortality risk discrimination than TXB2-M cutpoints (unadjusted hazard ratio 3.31 vs 2.13, AIC P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Adjustment for eGFR strengthens the association of urinary TXB2-M with long-term mortality risk irrespective of aspirin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Barton
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Shari S Kronsberg
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Essa Hariri
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, United States
- University of Texas School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Grace A Rade
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey J Rade
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Reid HM, Maginn M, Perkins CM, Mulvaney EP, Boyce M, Yamamoto T, Kinsella BT. Evaluation of NTP42, a novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, in a first-in-human phase I clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1296188. [PMID: 38178863 PMCID: PMC10764490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1296188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist NTP42 is in clinical development for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I clinical trial, NTP42, administered as the oral formulation NTP42:KVA4, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) in healthy males. Methods: The first-in-human trial had three Parts: A, single ascending dose (SAD) study with seven groups given 0.25-243 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo; B, food effect study where one SAD group (9 mg) was also given NTP42:KVA4 or placebo after a high-fat breakfast; C, multiple ascending dose study with three groups given 15-135 mg NTP42:KVA4 or placebo once-daily for 7 days. Results: Seventy-nine volunteers participated. No serious adverse events occurred, where any drug- or placebo-related adverse events were mild to moderate, with no correlation to NTP42:KVA4 dose. NTP42 was rapidly absorbed, yielding dose proportional increases in exposure after single and repeat dosing. PK confirmed that, with a clearance (T1/2) of 18.7 h, NTP42:KVA4 is suited to once-daily dosing, can be taken with or without food, and does not accumulate on repeat dosing. At doses ≥1 mg, NTP42 led to complete and sustained inhibition of thromboxane-, but not ADP-, induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, with direct correlation between NTP42 exposure and duration of PD effects. Conclusion: Orally administered NTP42:KVA4 was well tolerated, with favorable PK/PD profiles and evidence of specific TP target engagement. These findings support continued clinical development of NTP42:KVA4 for cardiopulmonary or other relevant diseases with unmet needs. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04919863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Reid
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Maginn
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Michael Perkins
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamon P. Mulvaney
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Boyce
- Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - B. Therese Kinsella
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Lefort B, Gélinas R, Forest A, Bouchard B, Daneault C, Robillard Frayne I, Roy J, Oger C, Greffard K, Galano JM, Durand T, Labarthe F, Bilodeau JF, Ruiz M, Des Rosiers C. Remodeling of lipid landscape in high fat fed very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase null mice favors pro-arrhythmic polyunsaturated fatty acids and their downstream metabolites. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166843. [PMID: 37558007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) catalyzes the initial step of mitochondrial long chain (LC) fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Inherited VLCAD deficiency (VLCADD) predisposes to neonatal arrhythmias whose pathophysiology is still not understood. We hypothesized that VLCADD results in global disruption of cardiac complex lipid homeostasis, which may set conditions predisposing to arrhythmia. To test this, we assessed the cardiac lipidome and related molecular markers in seven-month-old VLCAD-/- mice, which mimic to some extent the human cardiac phenotype. Mice were sacrificed in the fed or fasted state after receiving for two weeks a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), the latter condition being known to worsen symptoms in human VLCADD. Compared to their littermate counterparts, HFD/fasted VLCAD-/- mouse hearts displayed the following lipid alterations: (1) Lower LC, but higher VLC-acylcarnitines accumulation, (2) higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents in glycerophospholipids (GPLs), as well as (3) corresponding changes in pro-arrhythmogenic AA-derived isoprostanes and thromboxane B2 (higher), and anti-arrythmogenic DHA-derived neuroprostanes (lower). These changes were associated with remodeling in the expression of gene or protein markers of (1) GPLs remodeling: higher calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 and lysophosphatidylcholine-acyltransferase 2, (2) calcium handling perturbations, and (3) endoplasmic reticulum stress. Altogether, these results highlight global lipid dyshomeostasis beyond FAO in VLCAD-/- mouse hearts, which may set conditions predisposing the hearts to calcium mishandling and endoplasmic reticulum stress and thereby may contribute to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in VLCADD in mice as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lefort
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Institut des Cardiopathies Congénitales de Tours et FHU Precicare, CHU Tours, Tours, France; INSERM UMR 1069 et Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Present address: CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anik Forest
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Roy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Greffard
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Axe endocrinologie et néphrologie, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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Mulvaney EP, Renzo F, Adão R, Dupre E, Bialesova L, Salvatore V, Reid HM, Conceição G, Grynblat J, Llucià-Valldeperas A, Michel JB, Brás-Silva C, Laurent CE, Howard LS, Montani D, Humbert M, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Perros F, Mendes-Ferreira P, Kinsella BT. The thromboxane receptor antagonist NTP42 promotes beneficial adaptation and preserves cardiac function in experimental models of right heart overload. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1063967. [PMID: 36588576 PMCID: PMC9794752 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1063967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. While current PAH therapies improve patient outlook, they show limited benefit in attenuating RV dysfunction. Recent investigations demonstrated that the thromboxane (TX) A2 receptor (TP) antagonist NTP42 attenuates experimental PAH across key hemodynamic parameters in the lungs and heart. This study aimed to validate the efficacy of NTP42:KVA4, a novel oral formulation of NTP42 in clinical development, in preclinical models of PAH while also, critically, investigating its direct effects on RV dysfunction. Methods The effects of NTP42:KVA4 were evaluated in the monocrotaline (MCT) and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) models of PAH and RV dysfunction, respectively, and when compared with leading standard-of-care (SOC) PAH drugs. In addition, the expression of the TP, the target for NTP42, was investigated in cardiac tissue from several other related disease models, and from subjects with PAH and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Results In the MCT-PAH model, NTP42:KVA4 alleviated disease-induced changes in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, to a similar or greater extent than the PAH SOCs tested. In the PAB model, NTP42:KVA4 improved RV geometries and contractility, normalized RV stiffness, and significantly increased RV ejection fraction. In both models, NTP42:KVA4 promoted beneficial RV adaptation, decreasing cellular hypertrophy, and increasing vascularization. Notably, elevated expression of the TP target was observed both in RV tissue from these and related disease models, and in clinical RV specimens of PAH and DCM. Conclusion This study shows that, through antagonism of TP signaling, NTP42:KVA4 attenuates experimental PAH pathophysiology, not only alleviating pulmonary pathologies but also reducing RV remodeling, promoting beneficial hypertrophy, and improving cardiac function. The findings suggest a direct cardioprotective effect for NTP42:KVA4, and its potential to be a disease-modifying therapy in PAH and other cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon P. Mulvaney
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabiana Renzo
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rui Adão
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lucia Bialesova
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Salvatore
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Reid
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glória Conceição
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julien Grynblat
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Aida Llucià-Valldeperas
- PHEniX Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC (Location VUMC), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Charles E. Laurent
- IPS Therapeutique Inc., Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,ToxiPharm Laboratories Inc., Ste-Catherine-de-Hatley, QC, Canada
| | - Luke S. Howard
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France,AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France,AP-HP, Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Centre, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- PHEniX Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC (Location VUMC), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Perros
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France,Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), INSERM UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,INSERM, INRAE, CarMeN Laboratory and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), INSERM UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - B. Therese Kinsella
- ATXA Therapeutics Limited, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: B. Therese Kinsella,
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6
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Rade JJ, Barton BA, Vasan RS, Kronsberg SS, Xanthakis V, Keaney JF, Hamburg NM, Kakouros N, Kickler TA. Association of Thromboxane Generation With Survival in Aspirin Users and Nonusers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:233-250. [PMID: 35660296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent systemic thromboxane generation, predominantly from nonplatelet sources, in aspirin (ASA) users with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a mortality risk factor. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the mortality risk associated with systemic thromboxane generation in an unselected population irrespective of ASA use. METHODS Stable thromboxane B2 metabolites (TXB2-M) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in banked urine from 3,044 participants (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 53.8% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. The association of TXB2-M to survival over a median observation period of 11.9 years (IQR: 10.6-12.7 years) was determined by multivariable modeling. RESULTS In 1,363 (44.8%) participants taking ASA at the index examination, median TXB2-M were lower than in ASA nonusers (1,147 pg/mg creatinine vs 4,179 pg/mg creatinine; P < 0.0001). TXB2-M were significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality irrespective of ASA use (HR: 1.96 and 2.41, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both) for TXB2-M in the highest quartile based on ASA use compared with lower quartiles, and remained significant after adjustment for mortality risk factors for similarly aged individuals (HR: 1.49 and 1.82, respectively; P ≤ 0.005 for both). In 2,353 participants without CVD, TXB2-M were associated with cardiovascular mortality in ASA nonusers (adjusted HR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.29-7.16) but not in ASA users, while ASA use was associated with all-cause mortality in those with low (adjusted HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87) but not elevated TXB2-M. CONCLUSIONS Systemic thromboxane generation is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality irrespective of ASA use, and its measurement may be useful for therapy modification, particularly in those without CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Rade
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Bruce A Barton
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shari S Kronsberg
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - John F Keaney
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Kakouros
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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8
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Neckář J, Alánová P, Olejníčková V, Papoušek F, Hejnová L, Šilhavý J, Behuliak M, Bencze M, Hrdlička J, Vecka M, Jarkovská D, Švíglerová J, Mistrová E, Štengl M, Novotný J, Ošťádal B, Pravenec M, Kolář F. Excess ischemic tachyarrhythmias trigger protection against myocardial infarction in hypertensive rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2143-2163. [PMID: 34486670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and hypertension. Here, we analyzed the effects of CRP overexpression on cardiac susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing human CRP transgene (SHR-CRP). Using an in vivo model of coronary artery occlusion, we found that transgenic expression of CRP predisposed SHR-CRP to repeated and prolonged ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Excessive ischemic arrhythmias in SHR-CRP led to a significant reduction in infarct size (IS) compared with SHR. The proarrhythmic phenotype in SHR-CRP was associated with altered heart and plasma eicosanoids, myocardial composition of fatty acids (FAs) in phospholipids, and autonomic nervous system imbalance before ischemia. To explain unexpected IS-limiting effect in SHR-CRP, we performed metabolomic analysis of plasma before and after ischemia. We also determined cardiac ischemic tolerance in hearts subjected to remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) and in hearts ex vivo. Acute ischemia in SHR-CRP markedly increased plasma levels of multiple potent cardioprotective molecules that could reduce IS at reperfusion. RIPer provided IS-limiting effect in SHR that was comparable with myocardial infarction observed in naïve SHR-CRP. In hearts ex vivo, IS did not differ between the strains, suggesting that extra-cardiac factors play a crucial role in protection. Our study shows that transgenic expression of human CRP predisposes SHR-CRP to excess ischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with a drop of pump function that triggers myocardial salvage against lethal I/R injury likely mediated by protective substances released to blood from hypoxic organs and tissue at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Neckář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alánová
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejníčková
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hejnová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bencze
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlička
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Jarkovská
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Švíglerová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Mistrová
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Štengl
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Ošťádal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Laboratory of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Yazğan Y, Nazıroğlu M. Involvement of TRPM2 in the Neurobiology of Experimental Migraine: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5581-5601. [PMID: 34370177 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS) of trigeminal ganglia (TG) have essential roles in the etiology of migraine headache and aura. The stimulation of TRPM2 channel via the generation of OS and ADP-ribose (ADPR) induces pain, inflammatory, and oxidative neurotoxicity, although its inhibition reduces the intensity of pain and neurotoxicity in several neurons. However, the cellular and molecular effects of TRPM2 in the TG of migraine model (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) on the induction of pain, OS, apoptosis, and inflammation remain elusive. GTN-mediated increases of pain intensity, apoptosis, death, cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS, caspase -3, caspase -9, cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and cytokine generations (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the TG of TRPM2 wild-type mouse were further increased by the TRPM2 activation, although they were modulated by the treatments of GSH, PARP-1 inhibitors (PJ34 and DPQ), and TRPM2 blockers (ACA and 2APB). However, the effects of GTN were not observed in the TG of TRPM2 knockout mice. The current data indicate that the maintaining activation of TRPM2 is not only important for the quenching OS, inflammation, and neurotoxicity in the TG neurons of mice with experimental migraine but also equally critical to the modulation of GTN-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Yazğan
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analyses, Innovation, Consultancy, Organization, Agriculture and Industry Ltd, Isparta, Turkey. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, TR-32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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10
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Graves JM, Vallejo JA, Hamill CS, Wang D, Ahuja R, Patel S, Faul C, Wacker MJ. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) induces ventricular arrhythmias and prolongs QTc interval in mice in an FGF receptor 4-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2283-H2294. [PMID: 33929896 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00798.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate regulating protein hormone released by osteocytes. FGF23 becomes markedly elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease, particularly sudden cardiac death. Previously, we found that FGF23 increases intracellular Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes and alters contractility in mouse ventricles ex vivo via FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4). In the present study, we demonstrate that FGF23 induces cardiac arrhythmias and prolongs QTc interval in mice, and we tested whether these effects are mediated through FGFR4. In isolated Langendorff perfused hearts, FGF23 perfusion increased mechanical arrhythmias in the form of premature ventricular beats (PVBs), and induced runs of ventricular tachycardia in 6 of 11 animals, which were attenuated with pretreatment of an anti-FGFR4 blocking antibody. Ex vivo ECG analysis of isolated intact hearts showed increased ventricular arrhythmias and QTc prolongation after FGF23 infusion compared with vehicle. In vivo, injection of FGF23 into the jugular vein led to the emergence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in 5 out of 11 experiments. FGF23 also produced a significant lengthening effect upon QTc interval in vivo. In vivo FGFR4 blockade ameliorated the arrhythmogenic and QTc prolonging effects of FGF23. Finally, FGF23 increased cardiomyocyte Ca2+ levels in intact left ventricular muscle which was inhibited by FGR4 blockade. We conclude that FGF23/FGFR4 signaling in the heart may contribute to ventricular arrhythmogenesis and repolarization disturbances commonly observed in patients with CKD via Ca2+ overload and may be an important therapeutic target to reduce cardiac mortality in CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we provide direct evidence that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphaturic hormone elevated in chronic kidney disease, is proarrhythmic. FGF23 acutely triggered ventricular arrhythmias and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) in isolated mouse hearts and in vivo. FGF23 also increased Ca2+ levels in ventricular muscle tissue. Blockade of the FGF receptor 4 signaling pathway using a monoclonal antibody ameliorated ventricular arrhythmias, QTc prolongation, and elevated ventricular Ca2+ induced by FGF23, and may represent a potential therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah M Graves
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julian A Vallejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chelsea S Hamill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Derek Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Rohan Ahuja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shaan Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael J Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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11
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Kharkovskaya EЕ, Osipov GV, Mukhina IV. Ventricular fibrillation induced by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate under conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:619-628. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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West JD, Galindo CL, Kim K, Shin JJ, Atkinson JB, Macias‐Perez I, Pavliv L, Knollmann BC, Soslow JH, Markham LW, Carrier EJ. Antagonism of the Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor as a Potential Therapy for Cardiomyopathy of Muscular Dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011902. [PMID: 31662020 PMCID: PMC6898850 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Muscular dystrophy (MD) causes a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by diffuse fibrosis, arrhythmia, heart failure, and early death. Activation of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TPr) increases calcium transients in cardiomyocytes and is proarrhythmic and profibrotic. We hypothesized that TPr activation contributes to the cardiac phenotype of MD, and that TPr antagonism would improve cardiac fibrosis and function in preclinical models of MD. Methods and Results Three different mouse models of MD (mdx/utrn double knockout, second generation mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout) were given normal drinking water or water containing 25 mg/kg per day of the TPr antagonist ifetroban, beginning at weaning. After 6 months (10 weeks for mdx/utrn double knockout), mice were evaluated for cardiac and skeletal muscle function before euthanization. There was a 100% survival rate of ifetroban-treated mice to the predetermined end point, compared with 60%, 43%, and 90% for mdx/utrn double knockout, mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice, respectively. TPr antagonism improved cardiac output in mdx/utrn double knockout and mdx/mTR mice, and normalized fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and other parameters in delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice. Cardiac fibrosis in delta-sarcoglycan knockout was reduced with TPr antagonism, which also normalized cardiac expression of claudin-5 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase proteins and multiple signature genes of Duchenne MD. Conclusions TPr antagonism reduced cardiomyopathy and spontaneous death in mouse models of Duchenne and limb-girdle MD. Based on these studies, ifetroban and other TPr antagonists could be novel therapeutics for treatment of the cardiac phenotype in patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Cristi L. Galindo
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - John Jonghyun Shin
- Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - James B. Atkinson
- Department of MedicineDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | | | - Leo Pavliv
- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals IncNashvilleTN
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Jonathan H. Soslow
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Larry W. Markham
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsRiley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
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13
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Kounis NG, Cervellin G, Koniari I, Bonfanti L, Dousdampanis P, Charokopos N, Assimakopoulos SF, Kakkos SK, Ntouvas IG, Soufras GD, Tsolakis I. Anaphylactic cardiovascular collapse and Kounis syndrome: systemic vasodilation or coronary vasoconstriction? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:332. [PMID: 30306071 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first reported human anaphylactic death is considered to be the Pharaoh Menes death, caused by a wasp sting. Currently, anaphylactic cardiovascular events represent one of most frequent medical emergencies. Rapid diagnosis, prompt and appropriate treatment can be life saving. The main concept beyond anaphylaxis lies to myocardial damage and ventricular dysfunction, thus resulting in cardiovascular collapse. Cardiac output depression due to coronary hypoperfusion from systemic vasodilation, leakage of plasma and volume loss due to increased vascular permeability, as well as reduced venous return, are regarded as the main causes of cardiovascular collapse. Clinical reports and experiments indicate that the human heart, in general, and the coronary arteries, in particular, could be the primary target of the released anaphylactic mediators. Coronary vasoconstriction and thrombosis induced by the released mediators namely histamine, chymase, tryptase, cathepsin D, leukotrienes, thromboxane and platelet activating factor (PAF) can result to further myocardial damage and anaphylaxis associated acute coronary syndrome, the so-called Kounis syndrome. Kounis syndrome with increase of cardiac troponin and other cardiac biomarkers, can progress to heart failure and cardiovascular collapse. In experimental anaphylaxis, cardiac reactions caused by the intracardiac histamine and release of other anaphylactic mediators are followed by secondary cardiovascular reactions, such as cardiac arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, acute myocardial ischemia, decrease in coronary blood flow and cardiac output, cerebral blood flow, left ventricular developed pressure (LVdp/dtmax) as well as increase in portal venous and coronary vascular resistance denoting vascular spasm. Clinically, some patients with anaphylactic myocardial infarction respond satisfactorily to appropriate interventional and medical therapy, while anti-allergic treatment with antihistamines, corticosteroids and fluid replacement might be ineffective. Therefore, differentiating the decrease of cardiac output due to myocardial tissue hypoperfusion from systemic vasodilation and leakage of plasma, from myocardial tissue due to coronary vasoconstriction and thrombosis might be challenging during anaphylactic cardiac collapse. Combined antiallergic, anti-ischemic and antithrombotic treatment seems currently beneficial. Simultaneous measurements of peripheral arterial resistance and coronary blood flow with newer diagnostic techniques including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and myocardial scintigraphy may help elucidating the pathophysiology of anaphylactic cardiovascular collapse, thus rendering treatment more rapid and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Kounis
- Department of Cardiology University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Patras, Achaia, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Koniari
- Department of Electrophysiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England
| | - Laura Bonfanti
- Emergency Department, Academic Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nikolaos Charokopos
- Division of Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Pirgos, Pirgos, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros K Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Ntouvas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - George D Soufras
- Department of Cardiology, "Saint Andrews State General Hospital", Patras, Achaia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsolakis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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14
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McMahon F, Banville N, Bergin DA, Smedman C, Paulie S, Reeves E, Kavanagh K. Activation of Neutrophils via IP3 Pathway Following Exposure to Demodex-Associated Bacterial Proteins. Inflammation 2016; 39:425-433. [PMID: 26433579 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin of the face. Sera from rosacea patients display elevated reactivity to proteins from a bacterium (Bacillus oleronius) originally isolated from a Demodex mite from a rosacea patient suggesting a possible role for bacteria in the induction and persistence of this condition. This work investigated the ability of B. oleronius proteins to activate neutrophils and demonstrated activation via the IP3 pathway. Activated neutrophils displayed increased levels of IP1 production, F-actin formation, chemotaxis, and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 following stimulation by pure and crude B. oleronius protein preparations (2 μg/ml), respectively. In addition, neutrophils exposed to pure and crude B. oleronius proteins (2 μg/ml) demonstrated increased release of internally stored calcium (Ca(2+)), a hallmark of the IP3 pathway of neutrophil activation. Neutrophils play a significant role in the inflammation associated with rosacea, and this work demonstrates how B. oleronius proteins can induce neutrophil recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred McMahon
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nessa Banville
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David A Bergin
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | | | - Emer Reeves
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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15
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West JD, Voss BM, Pavliv L, de Caestecker M, Hemnes AR, Carrier EJ. Antagonism of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor is cardioprotective against right ventricular pressure overload. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:211-23. [PMID: 27252848 DOI: 10.1086/686140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is the primary cause of death in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in other forms of pulmonary hypertension. There are no approved therapies directed at preserving RV function. F-series and E-series isoprostanes are increased in heart failure and PAH, correlate to the severity of disease, and can signal through the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor, with effects from vasoconstriction to fibrosis. The goal of these studies was to determine whether blockade of the TP receptor with the antagonist CPI211 was beneficial therapeutically in PAH-induced RV dysfunction. Mice with RV dysfunction due to pressure overload by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) were given vehicle or CPI211. Two weeks after PAB, CPI211-treated mice were protected from fibrosis with pressure overload. Gene expression arrays and immunoblotting, quantitative histology and morphometry, and flow cytometric analysis were used to determine the mechanism of CPI211 protection. TP receptor inhibition caused a near normalization of fibrotic area, prevented cellular hypertrophy while allowing increased RV mass, increased expression of antifibrotic thrombospondin-4, and blocked induction of the profibrotic transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. A thromboxane synthase inhibitor or low-dose aspirin failed to replicate these results, which suggests that a ligand other than thromboxane mediates fibrosis through the TP receptor after pressure overload. This study suggests that TP receptor antagonism may improve RV adaptation in situations of pressure overload by decreasing fibrosis and TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryan M Voss
- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leo Pavliv
- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Al-Hazza A, Linley J, Aziz Q, Hunter M, Sandle G. Upregulation of basolateral small conductance potassium channels (KCNQ1/KCNE3) in ulcerative colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 470:473-478. [PMID: 26718405 PMCID: PMC4748010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Basolateral K+ channels hyperpolarize colonocytes to ensure Na+ (and thus water) absorption. Small conductance basolateral (KCNQ1/KCNE3) K+ channels have never been evaluated in human colon. We therefore evaluated KCNQ1/KCNE3 channels in distal colonic crypts obtained from normal and active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Methods KCNQ1 and KCNE3 mRNA levels were determined by qPCR, and KCNQ1/KCNE3 channel activity in normal and UC crypts, and the effects of forskolin (activator of adenylate cyclase) and UC-related proinflammatory cytokines on normal crypts, studied by patch clamp recording. Results Whereas KCNQ1 and KCNE3 mRNA expression was similar in normal and UC crypts, single 6.8 pS channels were seen in 36% of basolateral patches in normal crypts, and to an even greater extent (74% of patches, P < 0.001) in UC crypts, with two or more channels per patch. Channel activity was 10-fold higher (P < 0.001) in UC crypts, with a greater contribution to basolateral conductance (5.85 ± 0.62 mS cm−2) than in controls (0.28 ± 0.04 mS cm−2, P < 0.001). In control crypts, forskolin and thromboxane A2 stimulated channel activity 30-fold and 10-fold respectively, while PGE2, IL-1β, and LTD4 had no effect. Conclusions KCNQ1/KCNE3 channels make only a small contribution to basolateral conductance in normal colonic crypts, with increased channel activity in UC appearing insufficient to prevent colonic cell depolarization in this disease. This supports the proposal that defective Na+ absorption rather than enhanced Cl− secretion, is the dominant pathophysiological mechanism of diarrhea in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al-Hazza
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - John Linley
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Qadeer Aziz
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Malcolm Hunter
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Geoffrey Sandle
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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17
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Touchberry CD, Silswal N, Tchikrizov V, Elmore CJ, Srinivas S, Akthar AS, Swan HK, Wetmore LA, Wacker MJ. Cardiac thromboxane A2 receptor activation does not directly induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy but does cause cell death that is prevented with gentamicin and 2-APB. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:73. [PMID: 25519194 PMCID: PMC4293009 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that the thromboxane (TXA2) receptor agonist, U46619, can directly induce ventricular arrhythmias that were associated with increases in intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes. Since TXA2 is an inflammatory mediator and induces direct calcium changes in cardiomyocytes, we hypothesized that TXA2 released during ischemia or inflammation could also cause cardiac remodeling. Methods U46619 (0.1-10 μM) was applied to isolated adult mouse ventricular primary cardiomyocytes, mouse ventricular cardiac muscle strips, and cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes and markers of hypertrophy and cell death were measured. Results We found that TXA2 receptors were expressed in ventricular cardiomyocytes and were functional via calcium imaging. U46619 treatment for 24 h did not increase expression of pathological hypertrophy genes (atrial natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain, skeletal muscle α-actin) and it did not increase protein synthesis. There was also no increase in cardiomyocyte size after 48 h treatment with U46619 as measured by flow cytometry. However, U46619 (0.1-10 μM) caused a concentration-dependent increase in cardiomyocyte death (trypan blue, MTT assays, visual cell counts and TUNEL stain) after 24 h. Treatment of cells with the TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 and inhibitors of the IP3 pathway, gentamicin and 2-APB, eliminated the increase in cell death induced by U46619. Conclusions Our data suggests that TXA2 does not induce cardiac hypertrophy, but does induce cell death that is mediated in part by IP3 signaling pathways. These findings may provide important therapeutic targets for inflammatory-induced cardiac apoptosis that can lead to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Wacker
- Muscle Biology Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Intracellular secretory leukoprotease inhibitor modulates inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate generation and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophils of individuals with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:560141. [PMID: 24073410 PMCID: PMC3773400 DOI: 10.1155/2013/560141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is an anti-inflammatory protein present in respiratory secretions. Whilst epithelial cell SLPI is extensively studied, neutrophil associated SLPI is poorly characterised. Neutrophil function including chemotaxis and degranulation of proteolytic enzymes involves changes in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels which is mediated by production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) in response to G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular function of SLPI and the mechanism-based modulation of neutrophil function by this antiprotease. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy controls (n = 10), individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 5) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 5). Recombinant human SLPI significantly inhibited fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and interleukin(IL)-8 induced neutrophil chemotaxis (P < 0.05) and decreased degranulation of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), hCAP-18, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P < 0.05). The mechanism of inhibition involved modulation of cytosolic IP3 production and downstream Ca2+ flux. The described attenuation of Ca2+ flux was overcome by inclusion of exogenous IP3 in electropermeabilized cells. Inhibition of IP3 generation and Ca2+ flux by SLPI may represent a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism, thus strengthening the attractiveness of SLPI as a potential therapeutic molecule in inflammatory airway disease associated with excessive neutrophil influx including CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and COPD.
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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-aryloxy/arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas as novel thromboxane A₂ receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:32-40. [PMID: 23688698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New series of original 2-aryloxy/arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas were synthesized and evaluated as thromboxane A2 receptor (TP receptor) antagonists. A functional pharmacological test was used, which consisted of measuring the inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization in a model of mammalian cell line that specifically over-expressed the individual TPα or TPβ isoforms. 2-Arylamino-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas exhibited virtually identical affinity and/or functional activity than 2-aryloxy-5-cyanobenzenesulfonylureas for both TPα and TPβ, but some 2-aryloxy-substituted compounds showed increased selectivity for TPβ relative to TPα. Several compounds were found to be as potent as the 2-arylamino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonylurea reference compound BM-573, supporting the view that the bioisosteric replacement of the nitro group by a cyano group was tolerated. TP receptor antagonist activity of the most promising molecules was confirmed in a platelet aggregation assay using the TP receptor agonist U-46619 as a proaggregant. Three compounds (7e, 7h and 8h) were identified as leads for further non-clinical pharmacological and toxicological studies.
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20
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Touchberry CD, Green TM, Tchikrizov V, Mannix JE, Mao TF, Carney BW, Girgis M, Vincent RJ, Wetmore LA, Dawn B, Bonewald LF, Stubbs JR, Wacker MJ. FGF23 is a novel regulator of intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility in addition to cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E863-73. [PMID: 23443925 PMCID: PMC3625783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00596.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone released primarily by osteocytes that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Recent observational studies in humans suggest that circulating FGF23 is independently associated with cardiac hypertrophy and increased mortality, but it is unknown whether FGF23 can directly alter cardiac function. We found that FGF23 significantly increased cardiomyocyte cell size in vitro, the expression of gene markers of cardiac hypertrophy, and total protein content of cardiac muscle. In addition, FGFR1 and FGFR3 mRNA were the most abundantly expressed FGF receptors in cardiomyocytes, and the coreceptor α-klotho was expressed at very low levels. We tested an animal model of chronic kidney disease (Col4a3(-/-) mice) that has elevated serum FGF23. We found elevations in common hypertrophy gene markers in Col4a3(-/-) hearts compared with wild type but did not observe changes in wall thickness or cell size by week 10. However, the Col4a3(-/-) hearts did show reduced fractional shortening (-17%) and ejection fraction (-11%). Acute exposure of primary cardiomyocytes to FGF23 resulted in elevated intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i); F/F(o) + 86%) which was blocked by verapamil pretreatment. FGF23 also increased ventricular muscle strip contractility (67%), which was inhibited by FGF receptor antagonism. We hypothesize that although FGF23 can acutely increase [Ca(2+)](i), chronically this may lead to decreases in contractile function or stimulate cardiac hypertrophy, as observed with other stress hormones. In conclusion, FGF23 is a novel bone/heart endocrine factor and may be an important mediator of cardiac Ca(2+) regulation and contractile function during chronic kidney disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Klotho Proteins
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/physiology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics
- Nephritis, Hereditary/metabolism
- Nephritis, Hereditary/physiopathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Touchberry
- Muscle Biology Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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21
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Li C, Shang D, Wang Y, Li J, Han J, Wang S, Yao Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Xu Y, Jiang W, Li X. Characterizing the network of drugs and their affected metabolic subpathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47326. [PMID: 23112813 PMCID: PMC3480395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental issue in biology and medicine is illustration of the overall drug impact which is always the consequence of changes in local regions of metabolic pathways (subpathways). To gain insights into the global relationship between drugs and their affected metabolic subpathways, we constructed a drug-metabolic subpathway network (DRSN). This network included 3925 significant drug-metabolic subpathway associations representing drug dual effects. Through analyses based on network biology, we found that if drugs were linked to the same subpathways in the DRSN, they tended to share the same indications and side effects. Furthermore, if drugs shared more subpathways, they tended to share more side effects. We then calculated the association score by integrating drug-affected subpathways and disease-related subpathways to quantify the extent of the associations between each drug class and disease class. The results showed some close drug-disease associations such as sex hormone drugs and cancer suggesting drug dual effects. Surprisingly, most drugs displayed close associations with their side effects rather than their indications. To further investigate the mechanism of drug dual effects, we classified all the subpathways in the DRSN into therapeutic and non-therapeutic subpathways representing drug therapeutic effects and side effects. Compared to drug side effects, the therapeutic effects tended to work through tissue-specific genes and these genes tend to be expressed in the adrenal gland, liver and kidney; while drug side effects always occurred in the liver, bone marrow and trachea. Taken together, the DRSN could provide great insights into understanding the global relationship between drugs and metabolic subpathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Characterization of thromboxane A₂ receptor and TRPV1 mRNA expression in cultured sensory neurons. Neurosci Lett 2012; 515:12-7. [PMID: 22425716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) is an arachidonic acid metabolite that stimulates platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction when released from platelets and other cell types during tissue trauma. More recent research has demonstrated that TxA(2) can also stimulate vagal and spinal sensory nerves. The purpose of this study was twofold. One, we compared the expression of the TxA(2) receptor (TxA2R) in neurons from two sensory ganglia: the nodose ganglion (NG) containing cell bodies of vagal afferent nerves and the thoracic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) containing cell bodies of spinal afferent nerves. Two, we determined if TxA2R co-localizes with mRNA for the nociceptive marker, TRPV1, which is the receptor for the noxious substance capsaicin. We found a greater percentage of neurons in the NG that are positive for TxA2R expression than in the DRG. We also found that there was no correlation of expression of TxA2R with TRPV1. These data suggest that while TxA2R is expressed in both vagal and spinal neurons, TxA(2) may elicit stronger vagal or parasympathetic reflexes in the rabbit when released during tissue trauma depending on the location of release. Our data also indicate that TxA(2) is likely to stimulate both nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons thereby broadening the types of neurons and reflexes that it may excite.
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Wang P, Umeda PK, Sharifov OF, Halloran BA, Tabengwa E, Grenett HE, Urthaler F, Wolkowicz PE. Evidence that 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate provokes fibrillation in perfused rat hearts via voltage-independent calcium channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 681:60-7. [PMID: 22366212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) induces arrhythmia in perfused rat hearts and whether this arrhythmia might result from the activation of voltage-independent calcium channels. Rat hearts were Langendorff perfused and beat under sinus rhythm. An isovolumic balloon inserted into the left ventricle was used to record mechanical function while bipolar electrograms were recorded from electrodes sutured to the base and the apex of hearts. Western and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on rat left ventricular protein extracts and left ventricular frozen sections, respectively. Rat ventricular myocytes express Orai 1 and Orai 3, and ventricle also contains the Orai regulator Stim1. Rat hearts (n=5) perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) alone maintained sinus rhythm at 4.8 ± 0.1 Hz and stable mechanical function. By contrast, perfusing hearts (n=5) with (KH+22 μM 2-APB) provoked a period of tachycardic ectopy at rates of up to 10.8 ± 0.2 Hz. As perfusion with (KH+22 μM 2-APB) continued, the rate of spontaneous ventricular depolarization increased to 21.8 ± 1.2 Hz and became disorganized. Heart mechanical function collapsed as developed pressure decreased from 87 ± 8.8 to 3.5 ± 1.9 mm Hg. Flow rate did not change between normal (16.6 ± 0.9 ml/min) and fibrillating (17.4 ± 0.8 ml/min) hearts. The addition of 20 μM 1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole (SKF-96365) to (KH+22 μM 2-APB) perfusates (n=4) restored sinus rhythm and heart mechanical output. These data indicate that activating myocardial voltage-independent calcium channels, possibly the Orais, may be a novel cause of ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- The Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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24
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Store-operated calcium entry is present in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and contributes to resting calcium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:45-50. [PMID: 22079292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) has recently been shown to be of physiological and pathological importance in the heart, particularly during cardiac hypertrophy. However, measuring changes in intracellular Ca(2+) during SOCE is very difficult to study in adult primary cardiomyocytes. As a result there is a need for a stable and reliable in vitro model of SOCE which can be used to test cardiac drugs and investigate the role of SOCE in cardiac pathology. HL-1 cells are the only immortal cardiomyocyte cell line available that continuously divides and spontaneously contracts while maintaining phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte. To date the role of SOCE has not yet been investigated in the HL-1 cardiac cell line. We report for the first time that these cells expressed stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel Orai1, which are essential components of the SOCE machinery. In addition, SOCE was tightly coupled to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca(2+) release in HL-1 cells, and such response was not impaired in the presence of voltage dependent Ca(2+) channels (L-type and T-type channels) or reverse mode Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) inhibitors. We were able to abolish the SOCE response with known SOCE inhibitors (BTP-2 and SKF-96365) and by targeted knockdown of Orai1 with RNAi. In addition, knockdown of Orai1 resulted in lower baseline Ca(2+) and an attenuated response to thapsigargin (TG) and caffeine, indicating that SOCE may play a role in Ca(2+) homeostasis during unstressed conditions in cardiomyocytes. Currently, there is little knowledge about SOCE in cardiomyocytes, and the present results suggest that HL-1 cells will be of great utility in investigating the role of SOCE in the heart.
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25
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Woodward DF, Jones RL, Narumiya S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIII: classification of prostanoid receptors, updating 15 years of progress. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:471-538. [PMID: 21752876 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now more than 15 years since the molecular structures of the major prostanoid receptors were elucidated. Since then, substantial progress has been achieved with respect to distribution and function, signal transduction mechanisms, and the design of agonists and antagonists (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=58). This review systematically details these advances. More recent developments in prostanoid receptor research are included. The DP(2) receptor, also termed CRTH2, has little structural resemblance to DP(1) and other receptors described in the original prostanoid receptor classification. DP(2) receptors are more closely related to chemoattractant receptors. Prostanoid receptors have also been found to heterodimerize with other prostanoid receptor subtypes and nonprostanoids. This may extend signal transduction pathways and create new ligand recognition sites: prostacyclin/thromboxane A(2) heterodimeric receptors for 8-epi-prostaglandin E(2), wild-type/alternative (alt4) heterodimers for the prostaglandin FP receptor for bimatoprost and the prostamides. It is anticipated that the 15 years of research progress described herein will lead to novel therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Woodward
- Dept. of Biological Sciences RD3-2B, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains one of the most prevalent modes of death in industrialized countries, and myocardial ischemia due to thrombotic coronary occlusion is its primary cause. The role of platelets in the occurrence of SCD extends beyond coronary flow impairment by clot formation. Here we review the substances released by platelets during clot formation and their arrhythmic properties. Platelet products are released from three types of platelet granules: dense core granules, alpha-granules, and platelet lysosomes. The physiologic properties of dense granule products are of special interest as a potential source of arrhythmic substances. They are released readily upon activation and contain high concentrations of serotonin, histamine, purines, pyrimidines, and ions such as calcium and magnesium. Potential arrhythmic mechanisms of these substances, e.g., serotonin and high energy phosphates, include induction of coronary constriction, calcium overloading, and induction of delayed after-depolarizations. Alpha-granules produce thromboxanes and other arachidonic-acid products with many potential arrhythmic effects mediated by interference with cardiac sodium, calcium, and potassium channels. Alpha-granules also contain hundreds of proteins that could potentially serve as ligands to receptors on cardiomyocytes. Lysosomal products probably do not have an important arrhythmic effect. Platelet products and ischemia can induce coronary permeability, thereby enhancing interaction with surrounding cardiomyocytes. Antiplatelet therapy is known to improve survival after myocardial infarction. Although an important part of this effect results from prevention of coronary clot formation, there is evidence to suggest that antiplatelet therapy also induces anti-arrhythmic effects during ischemia by preventing the release of platelet activation products.
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27
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Touchberry CD, Bales IK, Stone JK, Rohrberg TJ, Parelkar NK, Nguyen T, Fuentes O, Liu X, Qu CK, Andresen JJ, Valdivia HH, Brotto M, Wacker MJ. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) potentiates cardiac contractility via activation of the ryanodine receptor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40312-21. [PMID: 20947503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is the most recently identified phosphoinositide, and its functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, members of our muscle group have shown that PI(3,5)P2 plays an important role in skeletal muscle function by altering Ca(2+) homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that PI(3,5)P2 may also modulate cardiac muscle contractility by altering intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cardiac myocytes. We first confirmed that PI(3,5)P2 was present and increased by insulin treatment of cardiomyocytes via immunohistochemistry. To examine the acute effects of PI(3,5)P2 treatment, electrically paced left ventricular muscle strips were incubated with PI(3,5)P2. Treatment with PI(3,5)P2 increased the magnitude of isometric force, the rate of force development, and the area associated with the contractile waveforms. These enhanced contractile responses were also observed in MIP/Mtmr14(-/-) mouse hearts, which we found to have elevated levels of PI(3,5)P2. In cardiac myocytes loaded with fura-2, PI(3,5)P2 produced a robust elevation in [Ca(2+)](i). The PI(3,5)P2-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) was not present in conditions free of extracellular Ca(2+) and was completely blocked by ryanodine. We investigated whether the phosphoinositide acted directly with the Ca(2+) release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (ryanodine receptors; RyR2). PI(3,5)P2 increased [(3)H]ryanodine binding and increased the open probability (P(o)) of single RyR2 channels reconstituted in lipid bilayers. This strongly suggests that the phosphoinositide binds directly to the RyR2 channel. Thus, we provide inaugural evidence that PI(3,5)P2 is a powerful activator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and thereby modulates cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Touchberry
- Schools of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
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Xiao J, Liang D, Zhao H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Lu X, Liu Y, Li J, Peng L, Chen YH. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor inhibitor, prevents atrial fibrillation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:862-8. [PMID: 20472714 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) is upregulated and the function of IP3R also increases during atrial fibrillation (AF). 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a membrane-permeable inhibitor of IP3R. However, the effect of 2-APB on AF is unknown. The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of 2-APB on AF. In vitro rabbit heart models of ischemia-, stretch- and cholinergic agitation-induced AF were developed. Fura-2-acetoxymethyl (Fura-2-AM) and Mg2+-Fura-2-AM were used to monitor alterations of intracellular Ca2+ and ATP, respectively, in HL-1 cells, an atrial muscle cell line, under chemical ischemia or cholinergic agitation. The results showed that inhibition of IP3R significantly reduced the incidence and its probability of being sustained in all three types of AF. IP3R inhibition ameliorated the cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload and energy compromise resulting from chemical ischemia or cholinergic agitation. Thus, IP3R inhibition may be a novel target for AF treatment, and IP3R may be an important molecule in the context of different kinds of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, China
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