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Moiseenko VI, Apryatina VA, Gainetdinov RR, Apryatin SA. Trace Amine-Associated Receptors' Role in Immune System Functions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:893. [PMID: 38672247 PMCID: PMC11047934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace amines are a separate, independent group of biogenic amines, close in structure to classical monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine that include many products of the endogenous or bacteria-mediated decarboxylation of amino acids. A family of G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptors (in humans, TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9) that senses trace amines was discovered relatively recently. They are mostly investigated for their involvement in the olfaction of volatile amines encoding innate behaviors and their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the expression of the TAAR family of receptors is also observed in various populations of cells in the immune system. This review is focused on the basic information of the interaction of trace amines and their receptors with cells of the general immune systems of humans and other mammals. We also overview the available data on TAARs' role in the function of individual populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells. With further research on the regulatory role of the trace amine system in immune functions and on uncovering the contribution of these processes to the pathogenesis of the immune response, a significant advance in the field could be expected. Furthermore, the determination of the molecular mechanisms of TAARs' involvement in immune system regulation and the further investigation of their potential chemotactic role could bring about the development of new approaches for the treatment of disorders related to immune system dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Apryatin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Abstract
Background: The overall prevalence of diabetes in the world has risen substantially in the past several decades, so have complications and mortalities associated with it. Aim: Prevention strategies for diabetes thus become an urgent public health need for reducing the burden of diabetes. Methods: Ractopamine, a β1/2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been approved for use in finishing swine, cattle, and turkey in countries where meat exporting brings tremendous economic benefits. This leanness enhancer is recently found to be a full agonist at trace amine-associated receptor 1 also. A thorough literature review was performed to assess possible effects of ractopamine on glucose metabolism. Results: Activating β-adrenoceptor could lead to glucose-lowering effects independent of insulin while activation on trace amine-associated receptor 1 induces an incretin-like signaling on insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is hypothesized that long-term consuming meat containing ractopamine might lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taitung Hospital, Taitung County, Taiwan
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3
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Janoon K, Kuntip N, Niramitranon J, Pongprayoon P. How ractopamine binds to bovine serum albumin at the drug site 1. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2178239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Janoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Kuntip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jitti Niramitranon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Godefroy SB, Dominguez S, Feeley M, Théolier J, Alla SAG, Samel A, Shedeed K, Helmy E, Mansour H. Risk assessment supporting the establishment of a maximum residue limit for ractopamine in beef liver, applicable in the Arab Republic of Egypt. J Food Sci 2023; 88:552-562. [PMID: 36510374 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, the Codex Alimentarius Commission adopted maximum residue limits (MRLs) for ractopamine in pig and cattle tissues. Egypt, a country that records a high consumption of beef liver, conducted a health risk assessment to estimate the risks associated with the adoption of Codex MRLs and the possible adoption of alternative values that may offer higher protection. Ractopamine was characterized based on previous assessments performed by international regulatory agencies, and an acceptable daily intake was set at 1 µg/kg bw for both chronic and acute ractopamine exposure. Beef liver consumption data for the Egyptian population were collected through a field survey (529 households, 1929 individuals). The standard body weight of 60 kg was used, as well as 70 kg, as a potentially more representative weight for the Egyptian population. Simulations showed that when the MRL for ractopamine in beef liver is set to 40 µg/kg (Codex MRL) or 20 µg/kg, the health-based guidance value of 1 µg/kg bw was not exceeded, as a result of chronic or acute exposure. An MRL of 20 µg/kg of ractopamine in beef liver was shown to provide optimum protection of Egyptian consumers, considering other potential sources of ractopamine intake and abnormally high consumption patterns, and was therefore recommended for adoption in Egypt. This study presents the inputs, model, and results of the probabilistic risk assessment that supported such recommendation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Residues of veterinary drugs, such as ractopamine, accumulate in animal tissues and may pose a risk to consumers. Establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) will help importers by giving them the necessary visibility for commercial trade. It will also benefit Egyptian consumers, large consumers of beef liver, who will be better protected with a lower MRL than the internationally recommended one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Benrejeb Godefroy
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), C/O PARERA, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Silvia Dominguez
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Feeley
- Global Food Regulatory Science Society (GFoRSS), C/O PARERA, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Théolier
- Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (PARERA), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alex Samel
- Land O'Lakes Venture37, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Transforming the Assessment and Inspection of Food Businesses in Egypt (TAIB) Project, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Shedeed
- Land O'Lakes Venture37, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Transforming the Assessment and Inspection of Food Businesses in Egypt (TAIB) Project, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Helmy
- National Food Safety Agency of Egypt (NFSA), Bab El Louq, Egypt
| | - Hussein Mansour
- National Food Safety Agency of Egypt (NFSA), Bab El Louq, Egypt
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5
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Fan FS. Residues of ractopamine, a livestock feed additive, in meat might alleviate misuse of cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and morphine. Nutr Health 2022; 29:171-174. [PMID: 36266952 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221134139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Substance misuse brings tremendous harm to global health. Strategies for the treatment and prevention of drug addiction are in urgent need. Aim: Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) widely distributed in the central nervous system has been identified as a hopeful target in the management of certain substance abuse. Discovery of food ingredients that act on TAAR1 might help health care providers develop chemoprevention for substance misuse disorders. Methods: Animal experiments clearly demonstrated the capability of TAAR1 agonists in attenuating addictive behavior regarding cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and morphine. Ractopamine, a livestock feed additive used in the United States for over 20 years, has proven to be a full TAAR1 agonist. Literature review and internet web database survey were performed to see if ractopamine residues in meat could affect substance addiction behavior. Results: Integrating all available epidemiologic studies revealed that the prevalence of cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and opioid misuse showed steadily downward or stable trends coincidently during the same time period of ractopamine use in the United States. Conclusion: A hypothesis is thus raised here that ractopamine residues in meat might have contributed secretly to the smoothened prevalence curves of cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and opioids addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taitung Hospital, Taitung County, Taiwan
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6
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De Pascali F, Ippolito M, Wolfe E, Komolov KE, Hopfinger N, Lemenze D, Kim N, Armen RS, An SS, Scott CP, Benovic JL. β 2 -Adrenoceptor agonist profiling reveals biased signalling phenotypes for the β 2 -adrenoceptor with possible implications for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4692-4708. [PMID: 35732075 PMCID: PMC9474705 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β-Adrenoceptor agonists relieve airflow obstruction by activating β2 -adrenoceptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. The currently available β-adrenoceptor agonists are balanced agonists, however, and signal through both the stimulatory G protein (Gs )- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. While Gs signalling is beneficial and promotes HASM relaxation, β-arrestin activation is associated with reduced Gs efficacy. In this context, biased ligands that selectively promote β2 -adrenoceptor coupling to Gs signalling represent a promising strategy to treat asthma. Here, we examined several β-adrenoceptor agonists to identify Gs -biased ligands devoid of β-arrestin-mediated effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gs -biased ligands for the β2 -adrenoceptor were identified by high-throughput screening and then evaluated for Gs interaction, Gi interaction, cAMP production, β-arrestin interaction, GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of the receptor, receptor trafficking, ERK activation, and functional desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor. KEY RESULTS We identified ractopamine, dobutamine, and higenamine as Gs -biased agonists that activate the Gs /cAMP pathway upon β2 -adrenoceptor stimulation while showing minimal Gi or β-arrestin interaction. Furthermore, these compounds did not induce any receptor trafficking and had reduced GRK5-mediated phosphorylation of the β2 -adrenoceptor. Finally, we observed minimal physiological desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor in primary HASM cells upon treatment with biased agonists. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our work demonstrates that Gs -biased signalling through the β2 -adrenoceptor may prove to be an effective strategy to promote HASM relaxation in the treatment of asthma. Such biased compounds may also be useful in identifying the molecular mechanisms that determine biased signalling and in design of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Pascali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michael Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Emily Wolfe
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Konstantin E. Komolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Hopfinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Lemenze
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven S. An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles P. Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Abbas K, Raza A, Vasquez RD, Roldan MJM, Malhotra N, Huang JC, Buenafe OEM, Chen KHC, Liang SS, Hsiao CD. Ractopamine at the Center of Decades-Long Scientific and Legal Disputes: A Lesson on Benefits, Safety Issues, and Conflicts. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101342. [PMID: 36291550 PMCID: PMC9599871 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ractopamine (RAC) is a synthetic phenethanolamine, β–adrenergic agonist used as a feed additive to develop leanness and increase feed conversion efficiency in different farm animals. While RAC has been authorized as a feed additive for pigs and cattle in a limited number of countries, a great majority of jurisdictions, including the European Union (EU), China, Russia, and Taiwan, have banned its use on safety grounds. RAC has been under long scientific and political discussion as a controversial antibiotic as a feed additive. Here, we will present significant information on RAC regarding its application, detection methods, conflicts, and legal divisions that play a major role in controversial deadlock and why this issue warrants the attention of scientists, agriculturists, environmentalists, and health advocates. In this review, we highlight the potential toxicities of RAC on aquatic animals to emphasize scientific evidence and reports on the potentially harmful effects of RAC on the aquatic environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumail Abbas
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Aqeel Raza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ross D. Vasquez
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan
| | - Olivia E. M. Buenafe
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Ave., Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Kelvin H. -C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (C.-D.H.)
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8
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Bán EG, Dho-Nagy EA, Brassai AM. Effect of ractopamine on the release of dopamine from the striatum dissected from mice. Physiol Int 2022. [PMID: 36057103 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, ractopamine has been used as a feed additive to increase protein synthesis in farmed animals (swine, cattle, and turkeys) and to produce high-quality meat. However, the excessive feeding of animals with ractopamine may result in its accumulation in animal and human tissues after consuming the meat. Ractopamine is a trace amine-associated receptor1 and β-adrenoceptor agonist banned in the EU but approved in the USA, and it may pose a potential risk to human health. In this paper, the authors, for the first time, provide neurochemical evidence that ractopamine leads to the release of dopamine from nerve terminals of the nigrostriatal pathway in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Bán
- Department ME1, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Eszter A Dho-Nagy
- Department ME1, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Attila M Brassai
- Department ME1, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
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9
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Milosavljevic V, Mitrevska K, Gagic M, Adam V. Nanoarchitectonics of graphene based sensors for food safety monitoring. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9605-9633. [PMID: 35729848 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2076650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the desire for the real-time food quality monitoring, plenty of research effort has been made to develop novel tools and to offer extremely efficient detection of food contaminants. Unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties make graphene an important material in the field of sensor research. The material can be manufactured into flakes, sheets, films and with its oxidized derivatives could be almost used for a limitless set of application. Herein, current graphene-based sensors for food quality monitoring, novel designs, sensing mechanisms and elements of sensor systems and potential challenges will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mitrevska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milica Gagic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Evaluation of Effects of Ractopamine on Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Locomotory Physiology in Animal Model Zebrafish Larvae. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092449. [PMID: 34572098 PMCID: PMC8466814 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ractopamine (RAC) is a beta-adrenoceptor agonist that is used to promote lean and increased food conversion efficiency in livestock. This compound has been considered to be causing behavioral and physiological alterations in livestock like pig. Few studies have addressed the potential non-target effect of RAC in aquatic animals. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential physiological response after acute RAC exposure in zebrafish by evaluating multiple endpoints like locomotor activity, oxygen consumption, and cardiovascular performance. Zebrafish larvae were subjected to waterborne RAC exposure at 0.1, 1, 2, 4, or 8 ppm for 24 h, and the corresponding cardiovascular, respiratory, and locomotion activities were monitored and quantified. In addition, we also performed in silico molecular docking for RAC with 10 zebrafish endogenous β-adrenergic receptors to elucidate the potential acting mechanism of RAC. Results show RAC administration can significantly boost locomotor activity, cardiac performance, oxygen consumption, and blood flow rate, but without affecting the cardiac rhythm regularity in zebrafish embryos. Based on structure-based flexible molecular docking, RAC display similar binding affinity to all ten subtypes of endogenous β-adrenergic receptors, from adra1aa to adra2db, which are equivalent to the human one. This result suggests RAC might act as high potency and broad spectrum β-adrenergic receptors agonist on boosting the locomotor activity, cardiac performance, and oxygen consumption in zebrafish. To validate our results, we co-incubated a well-known β-blocker of propranolol (PROP) with RAC. PROP exposure tends to minimize the locomotor hyperactivity, high oxygen consumption, and cardiac rate in zebrafish larvae. In silico structure-based molecular simulation and binding affinity tests show PROP has an overall lower binding affinity than RAC. Taken together, our studies provide solid in vivo evidence to support that RAC plays crucial roles on modulating cardiovascular, respiratory, and locomotory physiology in zebrafish for the first time. In addition, the versatile functions of RAC as β-agonist possibly mediated via receptor competition with PROP as β-antagonist.
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11
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Sapegin AV, Peshkov AA, Kanov EV, Gainetdinov RR, Duszyńska B, Bojarski AJ, Krasavin M. Novel medium-sized di(het)areno-fused 1,4,7-(oxa)thiadiazecines as probes for aminergic receptors. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Levashova E, Firsov A, Bakulina O, Peshkov A, Kanov E, Gainetdinov RR, Krasavin M. Rare cis-configured 2,4-disubstituted 1-alkylpiperidines: synthesized and tested against trace-amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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An electrochemical strategy for toxic ractopamine sensing in pork samples; twofold amplified nano-based structure analytical tool. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Jensen O, Brockmöller J, Dücker C. Identification of Novel High-Affinity Substrates of OCT1 Using Machine Learning-Guided Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2762-2776. [PMID: 33606526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OCT1 is the most highly expressed cation transporter in the liver and affects pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Newly marketed drugs have previously been screened as potential OCT1 substrates and verified by virtual docking. Here, we used machine learning with transport experiment data to predict OCT1 substrates based on classic molecular descriptors, pharmacophore features, and extended-connectivity fingerprints and confirmed them by in vitro uptake experiments. We virtually screened a database of more than 1000 substances. Nineteen predicted substances were chosen for in vitro testing. Sixteen of the 19 newly tested substances (85%) were confirmed as, mostly strong, substrates, including edrophonium, fenpiverinium, ritodrine, and ractopamine. Even without a crystal structure of OCT1, machine learning algorithms predict substrates accurately and may contribute not only to a more focused screening in drug development but also to a better molecular understanding of OCT1 in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Dücker
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Challis JK, Sura S, Cantin J, Curtis AW, Shade KM, McAllister TA, Jones PD, Giesy JP, Larney FJ. Ractopamine and Other Growth-Promoting Compounds in Beef Cattle Operations: Fate and Transport in Feedlot Pens and Adjacent Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1730-1739. [PMID: 33450151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study represents a comprehensive investigation of the occurrence and fates of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and metabolites 17α-trenbolone (17α-TBOH), 17β-TBOH, and trendione (TBO); melengesterol acetate (MGA); and the less commonly studied β-andrenergic agonist ractopamine (RAC) in two 8 month cattle feeding trials and simulated rainfall runoff experiments. Cattle were administered TBA, MGA, or RAC, and their residues were measured in fresh feces, pen floor material, and simulated rainfall runoff from pen floor surfaces and manure-amended pasture. Concentrations of RAC ranged from 3600 ng g-1, dry weight (dw), in pen floor to 58 000 ng g-1 in fresh feces and were, on average, observed at 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than those of TBA and MGA. RAC persisted in pen floors (manure t1/2 = 18-49 days), and contamination of adjacent sites was observed, likely via transport of windblown particulates. Concentrations in runoff water from pen floors extrapolated to larger-scale commercial feedlots revealed that a single rainfall event could result in mobilization of gram quantities of RAC. This is the first report of RAC occurrence and fate in cattle feedlot environments, and will help understand the risks posed by this chemical and inform appropriate manure-management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - S Sura
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - J Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - A W Curtis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K M Shade
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - P D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - J P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - F J Larney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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16
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Fan FS. Ractopamine residue in meat might protect people from Parkinson disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110397. [PMID: 33223323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is still no curative treatment for the exasperating Parkinson disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Intracytoplasmic Lewy body composing of phosphorylated α-synuclein in dopaminergic neuronal cells has been recognized as the characteristic pathologic change and believed to be the cause of neuronal cell loss in Parkinson disease. Recently, β-adrenoreceptor antagonist was found to be correlated with an increasing incidence of Parkinson disease and β-adrenoreceptor agonist, capable of inhibiting gene expression of α-synuclein, was associated with a reduced incidence of it. Therefore, a hypothesis is raised that ractopamine, a β-adrenoreceptor agonist used as feed additive for increasing leanness of finishing cattle and swine, might provide protective effects for Parkinson disease and lower its incidence in the population consuming meat containing ractopamine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Section of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taitung Hospital, Taitung County, Taiwan.
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17
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Garbinato C, Schneider SE, Sachett A, Decui L, Conterato GM, Müller LG, Siebel AM. Exposure to ractopamine hydrochloride induces changes in heart rate and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21468-21475. [PMID: 32277412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different veterinary drugs have been widely found in surface and groundwater, affecting non-target organisms. Ractopamine (RAC) is one of these drugs found in water bodies. It is a β-adrenergic agonist used as a feed additive to modulate the metabolism, redirect nutrients from the adipose tissue towards muscles, and increase protein synthesis in swine, cattle, and turkeys. RAC shows toxicological potential, but there is no data about its impacts on the development of non-target organisms, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio). In this study, we evaluated the effect of the exposure to this feed additive on critical parameters (hatching, survival, spontaneous movement, heart rate, and exploratory and locomotor behavior) in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The animals were exposed to RAC hydrochloride at 0.1, 0.2, 0.85, 8.5, and 85 μg/L. Zebrafish exposed to the drug showed increased heart rate at all tested concentrations and alterations on locomotion and exploratory behavior at 85 μg/L. No changes were observed in the survival, hatching rate and spontaneous movement. Our results suggest that RAC present in the environment can induce disabling effects on non-target organisms and elicit an ecological imbalance by increasing the animals' vulnerability to predation due to greater visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Garbinato
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Ester Schneider
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Decui
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Greicy M Conterato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus de Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Liz Girardi Müller
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Siebel
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Chapecó, SC, 89809-900, Brazil.
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18
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Molecular Variants in Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptors and Their Implications in Mental and Metabolic Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:239-255. [PMID: 31643000 PMCID: PMC7028809 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence on the pathophysiological implications of genetic variants in the human trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) superfamily. Genes coding for trace amine-associated receptors (taars) represent a multigene family of G-protein-coupled receptors, clustered to a small genomic region of 108 kb located in chromosome 6q23, which has been consistently identified by linkage analyses as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and affective disorders. Most TAARs are expressed in brain areas involved in emotions, reward and cognition. TAARs are activated by endogenous trace amines and thyronamines, and evidence for a modulatory action on other monaminergic systems has been reported. Therefore, linkage analyses were followed by fine mapping association studies in schizophrenia and affective disorders. However, none of these reports has received sufficient universal replication, so their status remains uncertain. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in taars have emerged as susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies investigating migraine and brain development, but none of the detected variants reached the threshold for genome-wide significance. In the last decade, technological advances enabled single-gene or whole-exome sequencing, thus allowing the detection of rare genetic variants, which may have a greater impact on the risk of complex disorders. Using these approaches, several taars (especially taar1) variants have been detected in patients with mental and metabolic disorders, and in some cases, defective receptor function has been demonstrated in vitro. Finally, with the use of transcriptomic and peptidomic techniques, dysregulations of TAARs (especially TAAR6) have been identified in brain disorders characterized by cognitive impairment.
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19
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Abstract
Trace amines are endogenous compounds classically regarded as comprising β-phenylethyalmine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, p-octopamine, and some of their metabolites. They are also abundant in common foodstuffs and can be produced and degraded by the constitutive microbiota. The ability to use trace amines has arisen at least twice during evolution, with distinct receptor families present in invertebrates and vertebrates. The term "trace amine" was coined to reflect the low tissue levels in mammals; however, invertebrates have relatively high levels where they function like mammalian adrenergic systems, involved in "fight-or-flight" responses. Vertebrates express a family of receptors termed trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Humans possess six functional isoforms (TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9), whereas some fish species express over 100. With the exception of TAAR1, TAARs are expressed in olfactory epithelium neurons, where they detect diverse ethological signals including predators, spoiled food, migratory cues, and pheromones. Outside the olfactory system, TAAR1 is the most thoroughly studied and has both central and peripheral roles. In the brain, TAAR1 acts as a rheostat of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. In the periphery, TAAR1 regulates nutrient-induced hormone secretion, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. TAAR1 may also regulate immune responses by regulating leukocyte differentiation and activation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of the evolution, physiologic functions, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of trace amines and their receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Mark D Berry
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
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20
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Mochamad L, Hermanto B, Restiadi TI. Calculate of withdrawal times of clenbuterol in goats to obtain safe times of slaughter. Vet World 2018; 11:731-738. [PMID: 30034163 PMCID: PMC6048073 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.731-738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Clenbuterol as a β2-agonist drug was investigated according to the concentration of the drug available in the bodies of goats and according to the level of sensitivity of the instruments used for detection. The objective of the current study was to determine withdrawal times after giving a therapeutic dose that resulted in safe slaughters. Materials and Methods: Five healthy male goats with a mean body weight of 20.64 kg were treated with a single dose of 5.10−3 mg/kg in the BW onto jugular vein. Whole blood samples of approximately 5 mL were taken in a time series at 5, 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 270, 390, 510, 630, and 750 min. At 24 h posttreatment, all subjects were sacrificed, and 300 g samples of the liver were obtained. The plasma concentration and liver residue of the drug were observed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The drug reached a maximum concentration of 19.233±0.331 µg/mL at 5 min, and the elimination half-life was at 173.25 min. The limit detection was obtained at 0.053 µg/mL. A one-way analysis of variance between all goats showed that elimination of the clenbuterol in their bodies was similar (p=1.00), with a withdrawal time of 1,479.326 min and no residues in the liver (p<0.05). Conclusion: Safe times for slaughter were determined to be at 2 days, 13 h, and 12 min as the 2nd safety factor (SF) time and 3 days, 1 h, and 58 min as the 3rd SF time with the liver organ free from residue. elimination half-life, new method for calculating withdrawal time, prescriptions for obtained β2-agonist, residues in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazuardi Mochamad
- Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Pharmacy Subdivision, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Hermanto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - T I Restiadi
- Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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21
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Wooten KJ, Sandoz MA, Smith PN. Ractopamine in particulate matter emitted from beef cattle feedyards and playa wetlands in the Central Plains. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:970-974. [PMID: 29131396 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Beef cattle in the United States are routinely administered ractopamine, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, to enhance growth. The present study is the first to quantify ractopamine in feedyard-emitted particulate matter and playa wetlands near feedyards. Ractopamine was present in 92% of particulate matter samples, 16% of playa sediment samples, and 3% of playa water samples, at maximum concentrations of 4.7 μg/g, 5.2 ng/g (dry wt), and 271 ng/L, respectively. These data suggest that aerial transmission and deposition of particulate matter is a transport mechanism for ractopamine between feedyards and aquatic systems in the region. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:970-974. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Wooten
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa A Sandoz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Philip N Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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22
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Chang KC, Chang YT, Tsai CE. Determination of ractopamine and salbutamol in pig hair by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:725-730. [PMID: 29567243 PMCID: PMC9322239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of two β-agonists (ractopamine and salbutamol) in pig hair samples. An isotope of ractopamine-d5 or salbutamol-d6 as an internal standard was used to carry out quantitative analysis. Concentrated sodium hydroxide was used to pretreat hair samples and then purified by the solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure. The extracted solution was evaporated and reconstituted for injection in the instrument with electrospray ionization (ESI) operating in a positive multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Ractopamine and salbutamol separation were performed on C18 analytical column under gradient condition. The internal standard calibration curve was linear in the range of concentration from 0.5 to 100 ng mL−1 (R2 > 0.995). Recoveries of this method estimated at three spiked concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 ng mL−1 in pig hair samples, were 79–82% for ractopamine and 77–96% for salbutamol. The corresponding inter-day and intra-day precisions expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %) were 3.8–6.4% and 3.8–8.6%, respectively. The analytical time for one sample was 8 min. The detection limit of this method was 0.6 and 8.3 ng mL−1 for ractopamine and salbutamol, respectively. This developed method can be applied for monitoring the use of the β-agonists salbutamol and ractopamine in swine feed incurred pig hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli,
Taiwan
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +886 8 7740312. E-mail address: (C.-E. Tsai)
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23
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Rutigliano G, Accorroni A, Zucchi R. The Case for TAAR1 as a Modulator of Central Nervous System Function. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:987. [PMID: 29375386 PMCID: PMC5767590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TAAR1 is widely expressed across the mammalian brain, particularly in limbic and monoaminergic areas, allegedly involved in mood, attention, memory, fear, and addiction. However, the subcellular distribution of TAAR1 is still unclear, since TAAR1 signal is largely intracellular. In vitro, TAAR1 is activated with nanomolar to micromolar affinity by some endogenous amines, particularly p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), the latter representing a novel branch of thyroid hormone signaling. In addition, TAAR1 responds to a number of psychoactive drugs, i.e., amphetamines, ergoline derivatives, bromocriptine and lisuride. Trace amines have been identified as neurotransmitters in invertebrates, and they are considered as potential neuromodulators. In particular, beta-phenylethylamine and p-tyramine have been reported to modify the release and/or the response to dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and GABA, while evidence of cross-talk between TAAR1 and other aminergic receptors has been provided. Systemic or intracerebroventricular injection of exogenous T1AM produced prolearning and antiamnestic effects, reduced pain threshold, decreased non-REM sleep, and modulated the firing rate of adrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus. However each of these substances may have additional molecular targets, and it is unclear whether their endogenous levels are sufficient to produce significant TAAR1 activation in vivo. TAAR1 knock out mice show a worse performance in anxiety and working memory tests, and they are more prone to develop ethanol addiction. They also show increased locomotor response to amphetamine, and decreased stereotypical responses induced by apomorphine. Notably, human genes for TAARs cluster on chromosome 6 at q23, within a region whose mutations have been reported to confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. For human TAAR1, around 200 non-synonymous and 400 synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified, but their functional consequences have not been extensively investigated yet. In conclusion, the bulk of evidence points to a significant physiological role of TAAR1 in the modulation of central nervous system function and a potential pharmacological role of TAAR1 agonists in neurology and/or psychiatry. However, the specific effects of TAAR1 stimulation are still controversial, and many crucial issues require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rutigliano
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Accorroni
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Berry MD, Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Shahid M. Pharmacology of human trace amine-associated receptors: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:161-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Liu X, Qian ZY, Xie F, Fan W, Nelson JW, Xiao X, Kaul S, Barnes AP, Alkayed NJ. Functional screening for G protein-coupled receptor targets of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:31-40. [PMID: 27649858 PMCID: PMC6424572 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent vasodilators that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and disease, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological actions of EETs are not fully understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the actions of EETs are in part mediated via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, but the identity of such a receptor has remained elusive. We sought to identify 14,15-EET-responsive GPCRs. A set of 105 clones were expressed in Xenopus oocyte and screened for their ability to activate cAMP-dependent chloride current. Several receptors responded to micromolar concentrations of 14,15-EET, with the top five being prostaglandin receptor subtypes (PTGER2, PTGER4, PTGFR, PTGDR, PTGER3IV). Overall, our results indicate that multiple low-affinity 14,15-EET GPCRs are capable of increasing cAMP levels following 14,15-EET stimulation, highlighting the potential for cross-talk between prostanoid and other ecosanoid GPCRs. Our data also indicate that none of the 105 GPCRs screened met our criteria for a high-affinity receptor for 14,15-EET.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Space/drug effects
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiology
- Mice
- Oocytes/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Xenopus
- beta-Arrestins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zu-Yuan Qian
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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26
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Wehrwein EA, Orer HS, Barman SM. Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1239-78. [PMID: 27347892 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Comprised of the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides the neural control of all parts of the body except for skeletal muscles. The ANS has the major responsibility to ensure that the physiological integrity of cells, tissues, and organs throughout the entire body is maintained (homeostasis) in the face of perturbations exerted by both the external and internal environments. Many commonly prescribed drugs, over-the-counter drugs, toxins, and toxicants function by altering transmission within the ANS. Autonomic dysfunction is a signature of many neurological diseases or disorders. Despite the physiological relevance of the ANS, most neuroscience textbooks offer very limited coverage of this portion of the nervous system. This review article provides both historical and current information about the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. The ultimate aim is for this article to be a valuable resource for those interested in learning the basics of these two components of the ANS and to appreciate its importance in both health and disease. Other resources should be consulted for a thorough understanding of the third division of the ANS, the enteric nervous system. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1239-1278, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Wehrwein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hakan S Orer
- Department of Pharmacology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susan M Barman
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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27
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Shi X, Walter NAR, Harkness JH, Neve KA, Williams RW, Lu L, Belknap JK, Eshleman AJ, Phillips TJ, Janowsky A. Genetic Polymorphisms Affect Mouse and Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152581. [PMID: 27031617 PMCID: PMC4816557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) and neurotransmitter precursors and metabolites such as tyramine, octopamine, and β-phenethylamine stimulate the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). TAAR1 has been implicated in human conditions including obesity, schizophrenia, depression, fibromyalgia, migraine, and addiction. Additionally TAAR1 is expressed on lymphocytes and astrocytes involved in inflammation and response to infection. In brain, TAAR1 stimulation reduces synaptic dopamine availability and alters glutamatergic function. TAAR1 is also expressed at low levels in heart, and may regulate cardiovascular tone. Taar1 knockout mice orally self-administer more MA than wild type and are insensitive to its aversive effects. DBA/2J (D2) mice express a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Taar1 that does not respond to MA, and D2 mice are predisposed to high MA intake, compared to C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Here we demonstrate that endogenous agonists stimulate the recombinant B6 mouse TAAR1, but do not activate the D2 mouse receptor. Progeny of the B6XD2 (BxD) family of recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to characterize the genetic etiology of diseases, but contrary to expectations, BXDs derived 30-40 years ago express only the functional B6 Taar1 allele whereas some more recently derived BXD RI strains express the D2 allele. Data indicate that the D2 mutation arose subsequent to derivation of the original RIs. Finally, we demonstrate that SNPs in human TAAR1 alter its function, resulting in expressed, but functional, sub-functional and non-functional receptors. Our findings are important for identifying a predisposition to human diseases, as well as for developing personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. R. Walter
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John H. Harkness
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kim A. Neve
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - John K. Belknap
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tamara J. Phillips
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Grandy DK, Miller GM, Li JX. "TAARgeting Addiction"--The Alamo Bears Witness to Another Revolution: An Overview of the Plenary Symposium of the 2015 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry Conference. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 159:9-16. [PMID: 26644139 PMCID: PMC4724540 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In keeping with the free-thinking tradition San Antonians are known for, the Scientific Program Committee of the Behavior, Biology and Chemistry: Translational Research in Addiction Conference chose trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) as the focus of the plenary symposium for its 7th annual meeting held at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio on March 14 and 15, 2015. The timing of the meeting's plenary session on TAAR1 coincided with the Ides of March, an apt concurrence given the long association of this date with the overthrow of the status quo. And whether aware of the coincidence or not, those in attendance witnessed the plunging of the metaphorical dagger into the heart of the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT)-centric view of psychostimulant action. METHODS The symposium's four plenary presentations focused on the molecular and cellular biology, genetics, medicinal chemistry and behavioral pharmacology of the TAAR1 system and the experimental use of newly developed selective TAAR1 ligands. RESULTS The consensus was that TAAR1 is a DA and methamphetamine receptor, interacts with DAT and DA D2 receptors, and is essential in modulating addiction-related effects of psychostimulants. CONCLUSIONS Collectively the findings presented during the symposium constitute a significant challenge to the current view that psychostimulants such as methamphetamine and amphetamine solely target DAT to interfere with normal DA signaling and provide a novel conceptual framework from which a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DA and METH is likely to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Grandy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Lam VM, Espinoza S, Gerasimov AS, Gainetdinov RR, Salahpour A. In-vivo pharmacology of Trace-Amine Associated Receptor 1. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harkness JH, Shi X, Janowsky A, Phillips TJ. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Regulation of Methamphetamine Intake and Related Traits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2175-84. [PMID: 25740289 PMCID: PMC4613607 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Continued methamphetamine (MA) use is dependent on a positive MA experience and is likely attenuated by sensitivity to the aversive effects of MA. Bidirectional selective breeding of mice for high (MAHDR) or low (MALDR) voluntary consumption of MA demonstrates a genetic influence on MA intake. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified a QTL on mouse chromosome 10 that accounts for greater than 50% of the genetically-determined differences in MA intake in the MAHDR and MALDR lines. The trace amine-associated receptor 1 gene (Taar1) is within the confidence interval of the QTL and encodes a receptor (TAAR1) that modulates monoamine neurotransmission and at which MA serves as an agonist. We demonstrate the existence of a non-functional allele of Taar1 in the DBA/2J mouse strain, one of the founder strains of the selected lines, and show that this non-functional allele co-segregates with high MA drinking and with reduced sensitivity to MA-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and hypothermia. The functional Taar1 allele, derived from the other founder strain, C57BL/6J, segregates with low MA drinking and heightened sensitivity to MA-induced CTA and hypothermia. A role for TAAR1 in these phenotypes is corroborated in Taar1 transgenic mice: Taar1 knockout mice consume more MA and exhibit insensitivity to MA-induced CTA and hypothermia, compared with Taar1 wild-type mice. These are the first data to show that voluntary MA consumption is, in part, regulated by TAAR1 function. Behavioral and physiological studies indicate that TAAR1 function increases sensitivity to aversive effects of MA, and may thereby protect against MA use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Harkness
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiao Shi
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tamara J Phillips
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, R&D 32, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Tel: +1 503 220 8262 ex: 56674, Fax: +1 503 721 1029, E-mail:
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Neuronal Functions and Emerging Pharmacology of TAAR1. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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