1
|
Roy S, Bonfield T, Tartakoff AM. Non-apoptotic toxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward murine cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54245. [PMID: 23358229 PMCID: PMC3554662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although P. aeruginosa is especially dangerous in cystic fibrosis (CF), there is no consensus as to how it kills representative cell types that are of key importance in the lung. This study concerns the acute toxicity of the sequenced strain, PAO1, toward a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Toxicity requires brief contact with the target cell, but is then delayed for more than 12 h. None of the classical toxic effectors of this organism is required and cell death occurs without phagocytosis or acute perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton. Apoptosis is not required for toxicity toward either RAW 264.7 cells or for alveolar macrophages. Transcriptional profiling shows that encounter between PAO1 and RAW 264.7 cells elicits an early inflammatory response, followed by growth arrest. As an independent strategy to understand the mechanism of toxicity, we selected variant RAW 264.7 cells that resist PAO1. Upon exposure to P. aeruginosa, they are hyper-responsive with regard to classical inflammatory cytokine production and show transient downregulation of transcripts that are required for cell growth. They do not show obvious morphologic changes. Although they do not increase interferon transcripts, when exposed to PAO1 they dramatically upregulate a subset of the responses that are characteristic of exposure to g-interferon, including several guanylate-binding proteins. The present observations provide a novel foundation for learning how to equip cells with resistance to a complex challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alan M. Tartakoff
- Pathology Department and Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anticoagulant effects of an antidiabetic drug on monocytes in vitro. Thromb Res 2011; 128:e100-6. [PMID: 21862110 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monocyte- and microparticle (MP)-associated tissue factor (TF) is upregulated in diabetes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces expression of TF and alternatively spliced TF (asTF) and increases MP release from monocytes. Using LPS-stimulated TF-bearing human monocytes, we examined whether glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea used to treat diabetes type 2, might possess anticoagulant properties. METHODS We studied the effects of glibenclamide on cell- and supernatant-associated procoagulant activity (Factor Xa-generating assay and clot formation assay), on expression of TF and asTF (flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, western blot) and on cell viability and MP release (flow cytometry). RESULTS Glibenclamide dose-dependently decreased procoagulant activity of cells and supernatants. The reduction in cellular procoagulant activity coincided with reduced expression of TF and asTF in cells, whereas cell viability remained almost unchanged. The glibenclamide-induced reduction in procoagulant activity of supernatants appeared to be associated with a decreased number of released MPs. CONCLUSIONS Reduction of monocyte- and supernatant-associated procoagulant activity by glibenclamide is associated with decreased expression of TF and asTF and possibly with a reduced MP number. Our data indicate that glibenclamide reduces the prothrombotic state in LPS-stimulated monocytes in vitro. Glibenclamide might therefore also have an anticoagulant effect in vivo, but this needs to be further evaluated.
Collapse
|
3
|
Koh GCKW, Maude RR, Schreiber MF, Limmathurotsakul D, Wiersinga WJ, Wuthiekanun V, Lee SJ, Mahavanakul W, Chaowagul W, Chierakul W, White NJ, van der Poll T, Day NPJ, Dougan G, Peacock SJ. Glyburide is anti-inflammatory and associated with reduced mortality in melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:717-25. [PMID: 21293047 PMCID: PMC3049341 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have better survival from septic melioidosis than patients who without diabetes. This difference was seen only in patients taking glyburide prior to presentation and was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect of glyburide. Background. Patients with diabetes mellitus are more prone to bacterial sepsis, but there are conflicting data on whether outcomes are worse in diabetics after presentation with sepsis. Glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat diabetes mellitus. This KATP-channel blocker and broad-spectrum ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter inhibitor has broad-ranging effects on the immune system, including inhibition of inflammasome assembly and would be predicted to influence the host response to infection. Methods. We studied a cohort of 1160 patients with gram-negative sepsis caused by a single pathogen (Burkholderia pseudomallei), 410 (35%) of whom were known to have diabetes. We subsequently studied prospectively diabetics with B. pseudomallei infection (n = 20) to compare the gene expression profile of peripheral whole blood leukocytes in patients who were taking glyburide against those not taking any sulfonylurea. Results. Survival was greater in diabetics than in nondiabetics (38% vs 45%, respectively, P = .04), but the survival benefit was confined to the patient group taking glyburide (adjusted odds ratio .47, 95% confidence interval .28–.74, P = .005). We identified differential expression of 63 immune-related genes (P = .001) in patients taking glyburide, the sum effect of which we predict to be antiinflammatory in the glyburide group. Conclusions. We present observational evidence for a glyburide-associated benefit during human melioidosis and correlate this with an anti-inflammatory effect of glyburide on the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C K W Koh
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Padrón-Nieves M, Díaz E, Machuca C, Romero A, Sucre AP. Glibenclamide modulates glucantime activity and disposition in Leishmania major. Exp Parasitol 2009; 121:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Reboul E, Trompier D, Moussa M, Klein A, Landrier JF, Chimini G, Borel P. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 is significantly involved in the intestinal absorption of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol but not in that of retinyl palmitate in mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:177-84. [PMID: 19056557 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been assumed that newly absorbed vitamin A and E enter the body only via enterocyte-produced chylomicrons. However, recent results in cell cultures have shown that a fraction of alpha-tocopherol is secreted with intestinal HDL. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify this transporter and to assess whether it is significantly implicated in the in vivo intestinal absorption of the 2 main dietary forms of vitamin E (ie, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) and in that of retinyl palmitate (vitamin A). DESIGN Having performed preliminary experiments in the Caco-2 cell model, we compared fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E in mice deficient in ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter and in wild-type mice. RESULTS A substantial efflux of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, but not of retinyl esters, was induced by the presence of apolipoprotein A-I at the basolateral side of Caco-2 monolayers. The efflux of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol was also impaired by glyburide and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The postprandial response of plasma gamma-tocopherol was 4-fold lower in ABCA1(-/-) mice (P = 0.025) than in wild-type mice, whereas no significant difference was observed for retinyl esters. Fasting plasma alpha-tocopherol, but not vitamin A, concentrations were lower in mice bearing the genetic deletion. CONCLUSIONS ABCA1 is the transporter responsible for the in vivo secretion of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol with intestinal HDL, and this pathway is significantly implicated in the intestinal absorption and plasma status of vitamin E but not of vitamin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Reboul
- INRA, UMR1260, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, INSERM, U476, Université Aix-Marseille 1, Université Aix-Marseille 2, Faculté de Médecine, IPHM-IFR 125, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daly KA, Mailer SL, Digby MR, Lefévre C, Thomson P, Deane E, Nicholas KR, Williamson P. Molecular analysis of tammar (Macropus eugenii) mammary epithelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 129:36-48. [PMID: 19157568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunological function of the metatherian mammary gland plays a crucial part in neonatal survival of the marsupial young. Marsupial pouch young do not develop adult like immune responses until just prior to leaving the pouch. The immune components of the maternal milk secretions are important during this vulnerable early post-partum period. In addition, infection of the mammary gland has not been recognized in metatherians, despite the ready availability of pathogens in the pouch. Regardless of which, little is known about the immunobiology of the mammary gland and the immune responses of mammary epithelial cells in metatherians. In this study, a molecular approach was utilized to examine the response of tammar (Macropus eugenii) mammary epithelial cells to Escherichia coli derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus derived lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Using custom-made cDNA microarrays, candidate genes were identified in the transciptome, which were involved in antigen presentation, inflammation, cell growth and proliferation, cellular damage and apoptosis. Quantification of mRNA expression of several of these candidate genes, along with seven other genes (TLR4, CD14, TNF-alpha, cathelicidin, PRDX1, IL-5 and ABCG2) associated with innate immunity in LPS and LTA challenged mammary epithelial cells and leukocytes, was assessed for up to 24 h. Differences in genes associated with cellular damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were seen between stimulated mammary epithelial cells and leukocytes. LTA challenge tended to result in lower level induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased PRDX1 mRNA levels, suggesting increased oxidative stress, and increased CD14 expression, but in a non-TLR4-dependent manner. The use of functional genomic tools in the tammar identified differences in the response of tammar mammary epithelial cells (MEC) and leukocytes to challenge with LPS and LTA, and validates the utility of the approach. The results of this study are consistent with a model in which tammar mammary epithelial cells have the capacity to elicit a complex and robust immune response to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Daly
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, B19, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang JH, Tuohimaa P. Calcitriol and TO-901317 interact in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:97-105. [PMID: 19787078 PMCID: PMC2733103 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and liver X receptor (LXR) are nuclear receptors, which regulate gene transcription upon binding of their specific ligands. VDR seems to play a role in the regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is known to be a target gene of LXR and it has been reported to be inhibited by androgen and to be involved in the regulation of LNCaP proliferation. We find that calcitriol (1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) inhibits both basal and a LXR agonist, TO-901317, induced ABCA1 mRNA expression but has no effect on the mRNA expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), LXR alpha nor LXR beta. TO-901317 increases both basal and calcitriol induced 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase (CYP24) mRNA expression and it slightly but significantly inhibits VDR mRNA expression. The inhibition of ABCA1 by calcitriol appears to be androgen-independent. Cell growth assay shows that when each of calcitriol and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was co-treated with ABCA1 blocker, glybenclamide, cell-growth is significantly decreased compared to their own treatments respectively. Our study suggests a possible interaction between calcitriol and TO-901317 in LNCaP cells. Alike DHT, the inhibition of ABCA1 by calcitriol may be involved in its regulation of LNCaP growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, 33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Agellon LB, Vance DE. A role for high density lipoproteins in hepatic phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:893-900. [PMID: 17513168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Choline is (95%) found largely in the biosphere as a component of phosphatidylcholine (PC) which is made from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline from both the diet and via endogenous biosynthesis that involves the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into PC by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), followed by PC catabolism. We have uncovered a striking gender-specific conservation of choline in female mice that does not occur in male mice. Female Pemt(-/-) mice maintained hepatic PC/total choline levels during the first day of choline deprivation and escaped liver damage whereas male Pemt(-/-) mice did not. Plasma PC levels in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) were higher in male Pemt(-/-) mice than those in females before choline deprivation. Interestingly, after choline deprivation for 1 day, female, but not male, Pemt(-/-) mice increased HDL-PC levels. Glybenclamide, an inhibitor of PC efflux mediated by ABC transporters, eliminated this response to choline deprivation in females. These data suggest that (i) increased PC efflux from extra-hepatic tissues to HDLs in the circulation provided sufficient choline for the liver and compensated for loss of hepatic PC during the initial stages of choline deprivation in female, but not male, Pemt(-/-) mice, and (ii) plasma HDL in female mice has an important function in maintenance of hepatic PC as an acute response to severe choline deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naschberger E, Lubeseder-Martellato C, Meyer N, Gessner R, Kremmer E, Gessner A, Stürzl M. Human guanylate binding protein-1 is a secreted GTPase present in increased concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1088-99. [PMID: 16936281 PMCID: PMC1698817 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma-induced GTPases are key to the protective immunity against microbial and viral pathogens. As yet, the cell interior has been regarded as the exclusive residence of these proteins. Here we show that a member of this group, human guanylate binding protein-1 (hGBP-1), is secreted from cells. Secretion occurred in the absence of a leader peptide via a nonclassical, likely ABC transporter-dependent, pathway, was independent of hGBP-1 GTPase activity and isoprenylation, and did not require additional interferon-gamma-induced factors. Interestingly, hGBP-1 was only secreted from endothelial cells but not from any of the nine different cell types tested. Clinically most important was the detection of significantly (P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test) increased hGBP-1 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis (n=32) as compared to control patients (n=74). In this first report of a secreted GTPase, we demonstrate that secreted hGBP-1 may be a useful surrogate marker for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Naschberger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kostyk AG, Dahl KM, Wynes MW, Whittaker LA, Weiss DJ, Loi R, Riches DWH. Regulation of chemokine expression by NaCl occurs independently of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:12-20. [PMID: 16816357 PMCID: PMC1698750 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary inflammation and infection are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). While the effect of mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) on airways remains controversial, some groups have demonstrated increases in Na(+) and Cl(-) in CF airway surface liquid compared to normal airways. We investigated the consequences of NaCl on pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production by macrophages. Stimulation of mouse macrophages with increasing amounts of NaCl induced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Further, co-incubation of macrophages with NaCl in the presence of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNF-alpha synergistically increased MIP-2 production. Both the NaCl and NaCl plus LPS responses were partially dependent on endogenous production and autocrine signaling by TNF-alpha. To investigate the role of CFTR in MIP-2 production, we compared the responses of wild-type and DeltaF508 CF mouse macrophages to NaCl and LPS. The responses of macrophages from both strains were indistinguishable. In addition, CFTR mRNA was not expressed in macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest that NaCl stimulates MIP-2 production by macrophages through a mechanism that is partially dependent on TNF-alpha but independent of macrophage CFTR expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Kostyk
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mamputu JC, Li L, Renier G. Gliclazide inhibits differentiation-associated biologic events in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Metabolism 2006; 55:778-85. [PMID: 16713438 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effect of gliclazide on human monocyte-derived macrophage scavenger receptor expression and activity, foam cell formation, and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages in the presence of gliclazide (1-10 microg/mL) decreased CD36 expression by 20% to 50%, with maximal effect occurring at 2.5 microg/mL (P<.05). This effect was mimicked by vitamin E (50 micromol/L) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (10 mmol/L). Incubation of the cells with gliclazide and N-acetyl-L-cysteine also reduced CD36 activity by 30% (P<.02). Despite these effects, neither gliclazide nor vitamin E did affect foam cell formation. In contrast, gliclazide significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 secretion (P<.05). Overall, these data indicate that gliclazide, at concentrations in the therapeutic range, may regulate some key biologic events associated with the process of monocyte differentiation into macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Mamputu
- Vascular Immunology Laboratory, CHUM Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2L 4M1
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Assef YA, Cavarra SM, Damiano AE, Ibarra C, Kotsias BA. Ionic currents in multidrug resistant K562 human leukemic cells. Leuk Res 2005; 29:1039-47. [PMID: 16038730 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the expression and functional characterization of currents through the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) and ORCC (outwardly rectifying chloride channels) were determined in wild-type K562 chronic human leukemia cells (K562-WT) and in its resistant counterpart, the vincristine resistant cell line (K562-Vinc). Expression of the CFTR and MDR1 (multidrug resistant) gene products was determined by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR protocol. The amplified products in K562-WT and K562-Vinc showed two bands corresponding to CFTR and MDR1. MDR1 mRNA increased by 20-fold in K562-Vinc whereas no change in CFTR mRNA levels was observed. CFTR and ORCC channel activity were measured with a whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Forskolin (40 microM n activator of adenylate cyclase, added to the extracellular side increased the current in both cell lines. A fraction of the activated whole cell currents was inhibited by 500 microM 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and subsequent addition of 500 microM diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC plus DIDS) further inhibited the remaining currents. The levels of forskolin-activated currents and subsequent blockade were similar in both cell lines. The effect of forskolin was prevented in cells previously exposed to 500 microM DPC. The effects of DIDS and DPC on the forskolin-activated whole cell currents support the idea that both CFTR and ORCC are generating a significant fraction of these currents with DIDS inhibiting ORCC currents and DPC inhibiting CFTR currents when the blockers are added one after another to the extracellular side. Finally, we show that exposure of K562 cells to vincristine which results in the over expression of MDR1 is not accompanied by a significant down regulation of CFTR as in other cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina A Assef
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marty V, Médina C, Combe C, Parnet P, Amédée T. ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1 is required for the release of interleukin-1beta by P2X7-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-primed mouse Schwann cells. Glia 2005; 49:511-9. [PMID: 15578659 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are best known as myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, but they also participate actively in the sphere of immunity by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). In a previous study, we demonstrated that posttranslational processing of IL-1beta by immune-challenged Schwann cells required the P2X7 receptor. Remarkably, the release of IL-1beta was not associated with cell death, indicating the involvement of an active mechanism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to transport leaderless secretory proteins, such as IL-1beta; therefore, we investigated whether such transporters were at work in Schwann cells. Mouse Schwann cells expressed ABC1 transporter mRNA and displayed the functional protein. Glybenclamide and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of chloride fluxes that drive the export activity of ABC1 transporters, inhibited IL-1beta release without altering its intracellular processing. Enhancing chloride efflux potentiated the release of IL-1beta, while decreasing it led to a strong reduction in its release. Because the stimulation of the P2X7 receptor also activates a chloride conductance, we investigated the possibility of a sole anionic pathway mobilized by the P2X7 receptor and ABC1. Glybenclamide and DIDS had no significant effects on the P2X7-activated chloride current suggesting therefore the existence of two different pathways. In summary, ABC1 transporters are required for the release of IL-1beta by mouse Schwann cells. Being associated together with chloride conductance, P2X7 receptors and ABC1 transporters delineate a subtle and complex regulation of IL-1beta production in mammalian Schwann cells. Furthermore, ABC1 transporters could be a target of therapeutic interest for regulating IL-1beta activity in neuroinflammation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Marty
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Intégrative, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Institut François Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mrugacz M, Tobolczyk J, Minarowska A. Retinol binding protein status in relation to ocular surface changes in patients with cystic fibrosis treated with daily vitamin A supplements. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164:202-6. [PMID: 15789254 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-004-1587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by increased viscosity of mucus secretions and high chloride concentration in exocrine secretions. Clinically, the patients suffer from chronic pulmonary changes, chronic pancreatic deficiency, and an obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease affects all secretory epithelia including the eye. The influence of nutritional status on long-term survival and quality of life of CF patients is well documented. Steatorrhea, a consequence of decreased fat digestion and absorption may be associated with vitamin deficiences, including vitamin A. The aim of this study was to document plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) status, a specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A, and ocular surface changes in children and adolescents with CF. The patients were recruited at the 3rd Department of Paediatric Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. All patients were regularly seen by a CF specialist dietitian. A group of 15 patients had the following investigations: plasma RBP, visual acuity, physical examination, tear film break-up time, fluorescein staining and Schirmer tear test. A group of 15 age- and sex-matched controls without CF or ocular pathology were also recruited. Plasma RBP concentrations were significantly lower in patients with CF than in the control group. CF patients showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of clinical blepharitis. Five of the CF patients had clinical evidence of dry eyes. CONCLUSION Low plasma retinol binding protein levels frequently occur in clinically stable and retinol supplemented cystic fibrosis patients, of whom five had dry eyes. We recommend monitoring of plasma retinol binding protein levels and evaluation of ocular surface changes, especially those with dry eye symptoms in all cystic fibrosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Washington Street 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hurst RE, Kamat CD, Kyker KD, Green DE, Ihnat MA. A novel multidrug resistance phenotype of bladder tumor cells grown on Matrigel or SIS gel. Cancer Lett 2005; 217:171-80. [PMID: 15617834 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that growth of bladder carcinoma cell lines onto matrices such as Matrigel and small intestinal submucosal (SIS) gel cause distinct changes in cellular morphology and motility. In these studies, we found that bladder cells grown on Matrigel showed increased resistance to either doxorubicin or mitomycin-C whereas growth of cells in SIS gel caused either significant increases or little difference in drug resistance, depending on both the cells and the drug. Finally, it was found that this altered drug sensitivity is reversible with a finite half-life and is likely due to altered drug accumulation and/or cell cycle kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Hurst
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the cells that compose the atherosclerotic plaque, vascular endothelial cells are the most resistant to cholesterol accumulation. Cholesterol efflux pathways may play an important role in endothelial cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the global genetic response of endothelial cells to cholesterol and in particular the contribution of the cholesterol efflux proteins ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor B-I (SR-BI) to endothelial cell cholesterol efflux. The ABCG1 gene is induced in endothelial cells by cholesterol, whereas ABCA1 is not. Using specific chemical inhibitors of ABC transporters and SR-BI, we have shown that neither ABC transporters nor SR-BI is required for apolipoprotein A-1-mediated endothelial cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cells may use nontraditional pathways for cholesterol efflux.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta
- Apolipoprotein A-I/pharmacology
- CD36 Antigens
- COS Cells
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol/pharmacology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glyburide/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hydroxycholesterols/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, HDL3
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Scavenger
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology
- Tangier Disease/genetics
- Tangier Disease/pathology
- Transfection
- Umbilical Veins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J O'Connell
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I, Gadina M, Matthys P. Inhibiting cytokines of the interleukin-12 family: recent advances and novel challenges. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56:145-60. [PMID: 15005873 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and the more recently discovered IL-23 and IL-27 constitute a unique family of structurally related, heterodimeric cytokines that regulate cell-mediated immune responses and T helper 1 (Th1)-type inflammatory reactions. Not surprisingly, the potentiality of treating conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through pharmacological interference with IL-12 pathways has received widespread attention. In this review we have examined over 50 substances with reported IL-12 inhibitory effects. We demonstrate that a majority of these belong to a limited number of major functional classes, each of which targets discrete events in the IL-12 biological pathway. Thus, most IL-12 inhibitory substances appear to work either through inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappa B activation, up-regulation of intracellular cAMP, blockage of posttranslational processing or interference with signal transduction pathways. In addition, cyclophilin-binding drugs, and generic inhibitors of nuclear histone deacetylases, and of ion channels, pumps and antiporters are emerging as potential leads to novel targets for interference with IL-12 production. Many inhibitors of NF-kappa B and of IL-12 signal transduction have been proven effective in limiting or preventing disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models of MS. The sharing of the p40 subunit, the IL-12R beta 1 and components of the signal transduction pathways between IL-12 and IL-23 raises the question as to whether the beneficial effects of various drugs previously ascribed to inhibition of IL-12 may, in fact, have been due to concurrent blockage of both cytokines, or of IL-23, rather than IL-12. Moreover, the homodimeric beta(2)-form of IL-12, though originally considered to display only antagonistic effects, is now emerging as a pronounced agonist in a variety of inflammatory processes. Reassessment of IL-12 inhibitory compounds is therefore needed to scrutinize their effects on IL-12 alpha beta, beta(2) and IL-23 formation. This is likely to open exciting perspectives to the identification of drugs that target these cytokines either indiscriminately or selectively. The functional diversity of presently available inhibitors should facilitate an unprecedented flexibility in designing future trials for the treatment of IL-12- and IL-23-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vandenbroeck
- Cytokine Biology and Genetics Programme, Biomolecular Sciences Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brochiero E, Dagenais A, Privé A, Berthiaume Y, Grygorczyk R. Evidence of a functional CFTR Cl(-) channel in adult alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287:L382-92. [PMID: 15107294 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in the fetal lung, but during lung development it gradually disappears in cells of future alveolar spaces. Recent studies have implicated the CFTR in fluid transport by the adult alveolar epithelium, but its presence has not been demonstrated directly. This study re-evaluated CFTR expression and activity in the adult pulmonary epithelium by using freshly isolated rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells. CFTR mRNA was detected by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction on the day of cell isolation but was rapidly reduced by 60% after 24 h of cell culture. This was paralleled by a similar decrease of surfactant protein A expression and alkaline phosphatase staining, markers of the ATII cell phenotype. CFTR expression increased significantly on day 4 in cells grown on filters at the air-liquid interface compared with cells submerged or grown on plastic. Significantly higher CFTR expression was detected in distal lung tissue compared with the trachea. The CFTR was also found at the protein level in Western blot experiments employing lysates of freshly isolated alveolar cells. Whole cell patch-clamp experiments revealed cAMP-stimulated, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate-sensitive Cl(-) conductance with a linear current-voltage relationship. In cell-attached membrane patches with 100 microM amiloride in pipette solution, forskolin stimulated channels of approximately 4 pS conductance. Our results indicate that 50-250 of functional CFTR Cl(-) channels occur in adult alveolar cells and could contribute to alveolar liquid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Départemente de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montresl, Quebec, Canada H2W 1T7
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leroy C, Dagenais A, Berthiaume Y, Brochiero E. Molecular identity and function in transepithelial transport of K(ATP) channels in alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 286:L1027-37. [PMID: 14729507 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
K(+) channels play a crucial role in epithelia by repolarizing cells and maintaining electrochemical gradient for Na(+) absorption and Cl(-) secretion. In the airway epithelium, the most frequently studied K(+) channels are KvLQT1 and K(Ca). A functional role for K(ATP) channels has been also suggested in the lung, where K(ATP) channel openers activate alveolar clearance and attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the molecular identity of this channel is unknown in airway and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). We adopted an RT-PCR strategy to identify, in AEC, cDNA transcripts for Kir channels (Kir6.1 or 6.2) and sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1, 2A, or 2B) forming K(ATP) channels. Only Kir6.1 and SUR2B were detected in freshly isolated and cultured alveolar cells. To determine the physiological role of K(+) channels in the transepithelial transport of alveolar monolayers, we studied the effect, on total short-circuit currents (I(sc)), of basolateral application of glibenclamide, an inhibitor of K(ATP) channels, as well as clofilium, charybdotoxin, clotrimazole, and iberiotoxin, inhibitors of KvLQT1 and K(Ca) channels, respectively. Interestingly, activity of the three types of K(+) channels was detected, since all tested inhibitors decreased I(sc). Furthermore, these K(+) channel inhibitors reduced amiloride-sensitive Na(+) currents (mediated by ENaC) and completely abolished stimulation of Cl(-) currents by forskolin. Conversely, pinacidil, an activator of K(ATP) channels, increased Na(+) and Cl(-) transepithelial transport by 33-35%. These results suggest the presence, in AEC, of a K(ATP) channel, formed from Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits, which plays a physiological role, with KvLQT1 and K(Ca) channels, in Na(+) and Cl(-) transepithelial transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Leroy
- Centre de recherche, CHUM-Hôtel-Dieu, 3850 St-Urbain, Montréal, Québec H2W 1T7, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Németh ZH, Leibovich SJ, Deitch EA, Vizi ES, Szabó C, Hasko G. cDNA microarray analysis reveals a nuclear factor-kappaB-independent regulation of macrophage function by adenosine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 306:1042-9. [PMID: 12766259 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.052944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is released into the extracellular space from nerve terminals and cells subjected to ischemic stress. This nucleoside modulates a plethora of cellular functions via occupancy of specific receptors. Adenosine is also an important endogenous regulator of macrophage function, because it suppresses the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines by these cells. However, the mechanisms of this anti-inflammatory effect have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation. Using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a typical NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine. This effect of adenosine was not due to an action on the process of TNF-alpha release, because adenosine suppressed also the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha. However, cDNA microarray analysis revealed that mRNA levels of neither TNF-alpha nor other cytokines were altered by adenosine in either LPS-activated or quiescent macrophages. In addition, although LPS induced expression of a number of other, noncytokine genes, including the adenosine A2b receptor, adenosine did not affect the expression of these genes. Furthermore, adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists failed to decrease LPS-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding, NF-kappaB promoter activity, p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibitory kappaB degradation. Together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine are independent of NF-kappaB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán H Németh
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Assef YA, Damiano AE, Zotta E, Ibarra C, Kotsias BA. CFTR in K562 human leukemic cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C480-8. [PMID: 12842835 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00320.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the expression and functional characterization of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) was determined in K562 chronic human leukemia cells. Expression of the CFTR gene product was determined by RT-PCR and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Functional characterization of CFTR Cl- channel activity was conducted with patch-clamp techniques. Forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, induced an anion-selective channel with a linear current-voltage relationship and a single-channel conductance of 11 pS. This cAMP-activated channel had a Pgluconate/PCl or PF/PCl perm-selectivity ratio of 0.35 and 0.30, respectively, and was inhibited by the CFTR blocker glibenclamide and the anti-CFTR antibody MAb 13-1, when added to the cytoplasmatic side of the patch. Glibenclamide decreased the open probability increasing the frequency of open-to-closed transitions. Addition of 200 microM DIDS caused an irreversible block of the channels when added to the cytosolic side of inside-out patches. These and other observations indicate a widespread distribution of CFTR gene expression and suggest that this channel protein may function in most human cells to help maintain cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid/pharmacology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics
- Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism
- Glyburide/pharmacology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina A Assef
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chapman LP, Epton MJ, Buckingham JC, Morris JF, Christian HC. Evidence for a role of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 in the externalization of annexin I from pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. Endocrinology 2003; 144:1062-73. [PMID: 12586783 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Annexin 1 (ANXA1) has a well-demonstrated role in early delayed inhibitory feedback of glucocorticoids in the pituitary. ANXA1 is located in folliculo-stellate (FS) cells, and glucocorticoids act on these cells to externalize and stimulate the synthesis of ANXA1. However, ANXA1 lacks a signal sequence so the mechanism by which ANXA1 is externalized from FS cells was unknown and has been investigated. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large group of transporters with varied roles that include the externalization of proteins. Glucocorticoid-induced externalization of ANXA1 from an FS cell line (TtT/GF) and rat anterior pituitary was blocked by glyburide, which inhibits ABC transporters. Glyburide also blocked the glucocorticoid inhibition of forskolin-stimulated ACTH release from pituitary tissue in vitro. RT-PCR revealed mRNA and Western blotting demonstrated protein for the ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter in mouse FS, TtT/GF, and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells from which glucocorticoids also induce externalization of ANXA1. In TtT/GF cells, immunofluorescence labeling revealed a near total colocalization of cell surface ANXA1 and ABCA1. We conclude that ANXA1, which mediates the early delayed feedback of glucocorticoids in the anterior pituitary, is externalized from FS cells by an ABC transporter and that the ABCA1 transporter is a likely candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee P Chapman
- Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|