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Moratilla A, Martín D, Cadenas-Martín M, Stokking M, Quesada MA, Arnalich F, De Miguel MP. Hypoxia Increases the Efficiencies of Cellular Reprogramming and Oncogenic Transformation in Human Blood Cell Subpopulations In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2024; 13:971. [PMID: 38891103 PMCID: PMC11172288 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic hypoxia show a higher tumor incidence; however, no primary common cause has been recognized. Given the similarities between cellular reprogramming and oncogenic transformation, we directly compared these processes in human cells subjected to hypoxia. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were employed as controls to compare transfection and reprogramming efficiency; human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were employed as controls in human cells. Easily obtainable human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were chosen to establish a standard protocol to compare cell reprogramming (into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and oncogenic focus formation efficiency. Cell reprogramming was achieved for all three cell types, generating actual pluripotent cells capable for differentiating into the three germ layers. The efficiencies of the cell reprogramming and oncogenic transformation were similar. Hypoxia slightly increased the reprogramming efficiency in all the cell types but with no statistical significance for PBMCs. Various PBMC types can respond to hypoxia differently; lymphocytes and monocytes were, therefore, reprogrammed separately, finding a significant difference between normoxia and hypoxia in monocytes in vitro. These differences were then searched for in vivo. The iPSCs and oncogenic foci were generated from healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although higher iPSC generation efficiency in the patients with COPD was found for lymphocytes, this increase was not statistically significant for oncogenic foci. Remarkably, a higher statistically significant efficiency in COPD monocytes was demonstrated for both processes, suggesting that physiological hypoxia exerts an effect on cell reprogramming and oncogenic transformation in vivo in at least some cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Moratilla
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.C.-M.); (M.S.)
| | - Diana Martín
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.C.-M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Cadenas-Martín
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.C.-M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martha Stokking
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.C.-M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Angustias Quesada
- Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.Q.); (F.A.)
| | - Francisco Arnalich
- Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.Q.); (F.A.)
| | - Maria P. De Miguel
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (D.M.); (M.C.-M.); (M.S.)
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Wu J, Bley M, Steans RS, Meadows AM, Huffstutler RD, Tian R, Griffin JL, Sack MN. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments Human Macrophage Migration via SIRT3-Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Signaling. Cells 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38474420 PMCID: PMC10931126 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD+ boosting via nicotinamide riboside (NR) confers anti-inflammatory effects. However, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential remain incompletely defined. Here, we showed that NR increased the expression of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in human M1 macrophages by flow cytometric analysis of cell surface receptors. Consequently, chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19, ligand for CCR7)-induced macrophage migration was enhanced following NR administration. Metabolomics analysis revealed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was increased by NR in human monocytes and in human serum following in vivo NR supplementation. Furthermore, NR-mediated upregulation of macrophage migration through CCL19/CCR7 was dependent on PGE2 synthesis. We also demonstrated that NR upregulated PGE2 synthesis through SIRT3-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The NR/SIRT3/migration axis was further validated using the scratch-test model where NR and SIRT3 promoted more robust migration across a uniformly disrupted macrophage monolayer. Thus, NR-mediated metabolic regulation of macrophage migration and wound healing may have therapeutic potential for the topical management of chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 5-3342, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.); (M.B.); (R.S.S.)
| | - Maximilian Bley
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 5-3342, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.); (M.B.); (R.S.S.)
| | - Russell S. Steans
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 5-3342, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.); (M.B.); (R.S.S.)
| | - Allison M. Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 5-3342, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.); (M.B.); (R.S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Rebecca D. Huffstutler
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 5-3342, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.W.); (M.B.); (R.S.S.)
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shaheen MY, Basudan AM, Alzawawi AS, Al-Ahmari F, Aldulaijan HA, Alshibani N, Shaheen RS, Al-Kattan R. Correlation between whole salivary prostaglandin E 2 and hemoglobin A1c levels among type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal inflammation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:266. [PMID: 38395886 PMCID: PMC10885382 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that whole salivary prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) levels are higher in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation; and that whole salivary expression of PgE2 is correlated with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. The aim of the present study was to compare whole salivary PgE2 levels among patients with type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation. METHODS Sociodemographic data, duration since the diagnosis and management of type-2 DM, most recent hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c level), and any familial history of DM was retrieved from patient's healthcare records. Participants were divided into four groups: Group-1: type-2 diabetics with periodontal inflammation; Group-2: type-2 diabetics without periodontal inflammation; Group-3: non-diabetics with periodontal inflammation; and Group-4: non-diabetics without periodontal inflammation. Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and PgE2 levels were measured. Group-comparisons were done and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS One-hundred-sixty individuals were included. Mean HbA1c levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PI (P < 0.05), GI (P < 0.05) and PD (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 and 4. The CAL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05) and 3 (P < 0.05). The PD (P < 0.05), PI (P < 0.05) and GI (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-3 than Group-4. The MBL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PgE2 levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia in patients with type-2 DM is associated with increased expression of whole salivary PgE2 levels and worsened periodontal inflammation compared with individuals with well-controlled type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Shaheen
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani M Basudan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Alzawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Al-Ahmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer A Aldulaijan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alshibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Saifuddin Shaheen
- Periodontics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Kattan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Wu J, Singh K, Shing V, Gupta AK, Huffstutler RD, Lee DY, Sack MN. The mitochondrial thiolase ACAT1 regulates monocyte/macrophage type I interferon via epigenetic control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.577773. [PMID: 38410425 PMCID: PMC10896343 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.577773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-derived acetyl-CoA is shown to be the major carbon source for histone acetylation. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating lipid metabolic pathway contribututions to this process. Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) catalyzes the final step of ß-oxidation, the aerobic process catabolizing fatty acids (FA) into acetyl-CoA. To investigate this in the context of immunometabolism, we generated macrophage cell line lacking ACAT1. 13C-carbon tracing combined with mass spectrometry confirmed incorporation of FA-derived carbons into histone H3 and this incorporation was reduced in ACAT1 KO macrophage cells. RNA-seq identified a subset of genes downregulated in ACAT1 KO cells including STAT1/2 and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). CHIP analysis demonstrated reduced acetyl-H3 binding to STAT1 promoter/enhancer regions. Increasing histone acetylation rescued STAT1/2 expression in ACAT1 KO cells. Concomitantly, ligand triggered IFNβ release was blunted in ACAT1 KO cells and rescued by reconstitution of ACAT1. Furthermore, ACAT1 promotes FA-mediated histone acetylation in an acetylcarnitine shuttle-dependent manner. In patients with obesity, levels of ACAT1 and histone acetylation are abnormally elevated. Thus, our study identified a novel link between ACAT1 mediated FA metabolism and epigenetic modification on STAT1/2 that uncovers a regulatory role of lipid metabolism in innate immune signaling and opens novel avenues for interventions in human diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivian Shing
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand K Gupta
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca D Huffstutler
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Tavakkoli A, Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be repurposed for fungal infection? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:59-75. [PMID: 37589736 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important class of anti-inflammatory drugs widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, mild-to-moderate pain, and fever. This review aimed to explain the functional role and possible mechanisms of the antifungal effects of NSAIDs alone or in combination with antifungal drugs in vitro and in vivo. Several studies reported that NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, ketorolac, celecoxib, flurbiprofen, and nimesulide had antifungal activities in vitro, either fungistatic or fungicidal, against different strains of Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species. These drugs inhibited biofilm adhesion and development, and yeast-to-hypha conversion which may be related to a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGEx-dependent mechanism. Modulating PGE2 levels by NSAIDs during fungal infection can be introduced as a possible mechanism to overcome. In addition, some important mechanisms of the antifungal activities of NSAIDs and their new derivatives on fungi and host immune responses are summarized. Overall, we believe that using NSAIDs along with classical antifungal drugs has the potential to be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy in clinical studies. Furthermore, combination therapy can help manage resistant strains, increase the efficacy of antifungal drugs, and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9177948954, Mashhad, Iran.
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Transcriptomes of Zebrafish in Early Stages of Multiple Viral Invasions Reveal the Role of Sterols in Innate Immune Switch-On. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054427. [PMID: 36901854 PMCID: PMC10003308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that in the early stages of virus infection, fish pattern recognition receptors are the first to identify viruses and initiate innate immune responses, this process has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we infected larval zebrafish with four different viruses and analyzed whole-fish expression profiles from five groups of fish, including controls, at 10 h after infection. At this early stage of virus infection, 60.28% of the differentially expressed genes displayed the same expression pattern across all viruses, with the majority of immune-related genes downregulated and genes associated with protein synthesis and sterol synthesis upregulated. Furthermore, these protein synthesis- and sterol synthesis-related genes were strongly positively correlated in the expression pattern of the rare key upregulated immune genes, IRF3 and IRF7, which were not positively correlated with any known pattern recognition receptor gene. We hypothesize that viral infection triggered a large amount of protein synthesis that stressed the endoplasmic reticulum and the organism responded to this stress by suppressing the body's immune system while also mediating an increase in steroids. The increase in sterols then participates the activation of IRF3 and IRF7 and triggers the fish's innate immunological response to the virus infection.
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Pang Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Shi X, Zhang J, Zhou T, Xiong H, Gao X, Zhao X, Yang X, Ning G, Zhang X, Feng S, Yao X. LC-MS/MS-based arachidonic acid metabolomics in acute spinal cord injury reveals the upregulation of 5-LOX and COX-2 products. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:363-372. [PMID: 36272669 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) plays a critical role in inflammatory regulation and secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the overall AA metabolism profile in the acute phase of SCI remains elusive. Here we quantified AA metabolomics by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Method (LC-MS/MS) using spinal cord tissue collected at 4 h, 24 h and 48 h after contusive SCI in rats. Remarkably, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were significantly increased throughout the acute SCI. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the key enzymes involved in the production of PGE2 and LTB4, were elevated in the lesioned spinal cord tissue, validated by both western blot and immunofluorecnce. The spatial-temporal changes of COX-2 and 5-LOX mainly occurs in neurons both in epicenter and rostral and caudal spinal cord segments after SCI. Our study sheds light on the dynamic microenvironment changes in acute SCI by characterizing the profile of AA metabolism. The COX-2 and 5-LOX may be promising therapeutic target for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelian Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoning Xiong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingjian Yang
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, USA
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China; Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China; Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Raaijmakers TK, van den Bijgaart RJE, Scheffer GJ, Ansems M, Adema GJ. NSAIDs affect dendritic cell cytokine production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275906. [PMID: 36227963 PMCID: PMC9560552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is now considered as the new pillar in treatment of cancer patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses, as they are capable of cross-presenting exogenous tumor antigens in MHCI complexes to activate naïve CD8+ T cells. Analgesics, like non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are frequently given to cancer patients to help relieve pain, however little is known about their impact on DC function. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of the NSAIDs diclofenac, ibuprofen and celecoxib on the three key processes of DCs required for proper CD8+ cytotoxic T cell induction: antigen cross-presentation, co-stimulatory marker expression, and cytokine production. RESULTS Our results show that TLR-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine excretion by human monocyte derived and murine bone-marrow derived DCs is diminished after NSAID exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that various NSAIDs can affect DC function and warrant further investigation into the impact of NSAIDs on DC priming of T cells and cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonke K. Raaijmakers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske J. E. van den Bijgaart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Scheffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lorencetti-Silva F, Sales LS, Lamarque GDCC, Caixeta GA, Arnez MFM, Faccioli LH, Paula-Silva FWG. Effects of inflammation in dental pulp cell differentiation and reparative response. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.942714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The responsiveness of the dentin-pulp complex is possible due to the stimulation of dental pulp cells, which begin to synthesize and secrete dentin matrix. The inflammatory process generated by harmful stimuli should be understood as a natural event of the immune response, resulting in the recruitment of hematopoietic cells, which cross the endothelial barrier and reach the site affected by the injury in order to eliminate the damage and provide an appropriate environment for the restoration of homeostasis. The repair process occurs in the presence of adequate blood supply, absence of infection, and with the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and other biologically active molecules. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are bioactive molecules derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid, as a result of a variable range of cellular stimuli. The aim of this review is to describe the process of formation and biomineralization of the dentin-pulp complex and how pro-inflammatory events can modify this response, with emphasis on the lipid mediators prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Wang F, Hou R, Li J, Zhao X, Wang Q, Zhang K, Li X. Psoriatic Serum Induce an Abnormal Inflammatory Phenotype and a Decreased Immunosuppressive Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:155-163. [PMID: 35483716 PMCID: PMC9148834 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory function and participate in the pathogenesis of many immunoregulation-related diseases, including psoriasis. Previously, we found that MSCs from psoriatic lesions overexpress the proinflammatory microRNA, miR-155 and exhibit a decreased immunosuppressive capacity. But the origin of these aberrant characteristics is still not clear. To investigate whether inflammatory cytokines in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from psoriatic patients can regulate the expression patterns of immunoregulation-related cytokines and the immunoregulation function of MSCs. Methods and Results Normal dermal mesenchymal stem cells (nDMSCs) were treated with serum or PBMCs derived from patients with psoriasis or healthy donors. Expression of miR-155 and immunoregulation-related genes in each MSCs were measured using real-time PCR or western-blot. Meanwhile, the immunosuppressive capacity of DMSCs was evaluated by its inhibitory ability on proliferation of activated PBMCs. Compared to control serum, psoriatic serum significantly increased the expression levels of miR-155 (27.19±2.40 vs. 3.51±1.19, p<0.001), while decreased TAB2 expression (0.28±0.04 vs. 0.72±0.20, p<0.01) in DMSCs. Expression levels of immunoregulation-related genes such as PGE2, IL-10, and TLR4 were also markedly down-regulated following the psoriatic serum treatment. Those DMSCs treated with healthy serum could inhibit PBMC proliferation, while those psoriatic serum-treated DMSCs could not inhibit PBMC proliferation effectively. Conclusions Psoriatic serum up-regulate the expression of miR-155, down-regulate the expression of immunoregulation-related genes (PGE2, IL-10, and TLR4) in DMSCs, and along with the inhibition of the immunosuppressive function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdi Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121873. [PMID: 34944517 PMCID: PMC8699107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
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12
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Sheppe AEF, Santelices J, Czyz DM, Edelmann MJ. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YopJ Limits Macrophage Response by Downregulating COX-2-Mediated Biosynthesis of PGE2 in a MAPK/ERK-Dependent Manner. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0049621. [PMID: 34319170 PMCID: PMC8552654 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00496-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an essential immunomodulatory lipid released by cells in response to infection with many bacteria, yet its function in macrophage-mediated bacterial clearance is poorly understood. Yersinia overall inhibits the inflammatory circuit, but its effect on PGE2 production is unknown. We hypothesized that one of the Yersinia effector proteins is responsible for the inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis. We identified that yopB-deficient Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis deficient in the secretion of virulence proteins via a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) failed to inhibit PGE2 biosynthesis in macrophages. Consistently, COX-2-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis is upregulated in cells treated with heat-killed or T3SS-deficient Y. pseudotuberculosis but diminished in the presence of a MAPK/ERK inhibitor. Mutants expressing catalytically inactive YopJ induce similar levels of PGE2 as heat-killed or ΔyopB Y. pseudotuberculosis, reversed by YopJ complementation. Shotgun proteomics discovered host pathways regulated in a YopJ-mediated manner, including pathways regulating PGE2 synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, this study identified that YopJ-mediated inhibition of MAPK signal transduction serves as a mechanism targeting PGE2, an alternative means of inflammasome inhibition by Yersinia. Finally, we showed that EP4 signaling supports macrophage function in clearing intracellular bacteria. In summary, our unique contribution was to determine a bacterial virulence factor that targets COX-2 transcription, thereby enhancing the intracellular survival of yersiniae. Future studies should investigate whether PGE2 or its stable synthetic derivatives could serve as a potential therapeutic molecule to improve the outcomes of specific bacterial infections. Since other pathogens encode YopJ homologs, this mechanism is expected to be present in other infections. IMPORTANCE PGE2 is a critical immunomodulatory lipid, but its role in bacterial infection and pathogen clearance is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that PGE2 leads to macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and stimulates inflammasome activation in infected macrophages. Finally, we also discovered that PGE2 improved the clearance of Y. enterocolitica. The fact that Y. enterocolitica hampers PGE2 secretion in a type 3 secretion system (T3SS)-dependent manner and because PGE2 appears to assist macrophage in the clearance of this bacterium indicates that targeting of the eicosanoid pathway by Yersinia might be an adaption used to counteract host defenses. Our study identified a mechanism used by Yersinia that obstructs PGE2 biosynthesis in human macrophages. We showed that Y. pseudotuberculosis interferes with PGE2 biosynthesis by using one of its T3SS effectors, YopJ. Specifically, YopJ targets the host COX-2 enzyme responsible for PGE2 biosynthesis, which happens in a MAPK/ER-dependent manner. Moreover, in a shotgun proteomics study, we also discovered other pathways that catalytically active YopJ targets in the infected macrophages. YopJ was revealed to play a role in limiting host LPS responses, including repression of EGR1 and JUN proteins, which control transcriptional activation of proinflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin-1β. Since YopJ has homologs in other bacterial species, there are likely other pathogens that target and inhibit PGE2 biosynthesis. In summary, our study's unique contribution was to determine a bacterial virulence factor that targets COX-2 transcription. Future studies should investigate whether PGE2 or its stable synthetic derivatives could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin E. F. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John Santelices
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel M. Czyz
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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13
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Brox R, Hackstein H. Physiologically relevant aspirin concentrations trigger immunostimulatory cytokine production by human leukocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254606. [PMID: 34428217 PMCID: PMC8384208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is a globally used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with diverse pharmacological properties, although its mechanism of immune regulation during inflammation (especially at in vivo relevant doses) remains largely speculative. Given the increase in clinical perspective of Acetylsalicylic acid in various diseases and cancer prevention, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory role of physiological Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations (0.005, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml) in a human whole blood of infection-induced inflammation. We describe a simple, highly reliable whole blood assay using an array of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 1–9 in order to systematically explore the immunomodulatory activity of Acetylsalicylic acid plasma concentrations in physiologically relevant conditions. Release of inflammatory cytokines and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined directly in plasma supernatant. Experiments demonstrate for the first time that plasma concentrations of Acetylsalicylic acid significantly increased TLR ligand-triggered IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, indomethacin did not exhibit this capacity, whereas cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective NSAID, celecoxib, induced a similar pattern like Acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting a possible relevance of COX-2. Accordingly, we found that exogenous addition of COX downstream product, PGE2, attenuates the TLR ligand-mediated cytokine secretion by augmenting production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low PGE2 levels were at least involved in the enhanced IL-1β production by Acetylsalicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Eto S, Yanai H, Hangai S, Kato D, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. The impact of damage-associated molecules released from canine tumor cells on gene expression in macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8525. [PMID: 33875721 PMCID: PMC8055655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dying or damaged cells that are not completely eradicated by the immune system release their intracellular components in the extracellular space. Aberrant exposure of the damage-associated molecules to the immune system is often associated with inflammation and cancer pathogenesis. Thus, elucidating the role of damage-associated molecules in inducing sterile immune responses is crucial. In this study, we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is produced in the supernatants from several types of canine necrotic tumor cell lines. Inhibition of PGE2 production by indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, induces the expression of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA in the necrotic tumor cell supernatants. These results comply with the previous observations reported in mouse cell lines. Furthermore, comprehensive ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that three categories of genes were induced by the damage-associated molecules: (i) a group of PGE2-inducible genes, (ii) genes that promote inflammation and are suppressed by PGE2, and (iii) a group of genes not suppressed by PGE2. Collectively, our findings reveal the hitherto unknown immune regulatory system by PGE2 and damage-associated molecules, which may have clinical implications in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Eto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Sho Hangai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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15
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Cabbab ILN, Manalo RVM. Anti-inflammatory drugs and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Current knowledge and potential effects on early SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus Res 2021; 291:198190. [PMID: 33039544 PMCID: PMC7543703 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and is genetically related to the 2003 SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) coronaviruses. Recent studies have reported that similar to SARS-CoV, this strain expresses a spike protein (S) with a receptor binding domain (RBD) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - an enzyme expressed mostly in the endothelium, kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract and lungs - to facilitate viral entry and intracellular replication. Incidentally, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is integral to physiologic control of both ACE and ACE2 expression, and is an essential system utilized by SARS-CoV-2, albeit with varying schools of thought on how it can affect viral entry. In this paper, we will review current knowledge on the RAAS and how it can be affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid use at the organ and cellular levels. We will then discuss the relevance of these interactions on organ-specific ACE2 expression, and provide scientific insights on how this mechanism can potentially affect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early phases of disease. From the standpoint of other known viruses, we will then aim to discuss the potential uses or restrictions of these drugs in viral infection, and provide an update on relevant studies about COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Louise N Cabbab
- College of Medicine - William Quasha H. Memorial, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, 1112, Philippines; National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Rafael Vincent M Manalo
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
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16
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Choi Y, Park C, Kwon D, Lee H, Hong S, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Kim DH, Kim S, Kim HS, Hwang HJ. Immunostimulatory effect of ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Aboulmouna L, Raja R, Khanum S, Gupta S, Maurya MR, Grama A, Subramaniam S, Ramkrishna D. Cybernetic modeling of biological processes in mammalian systems. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Prostaglandin E1 protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reperfusion induced injury via the miR-21-5p/FASLG axis. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221373. [PMID: 31782491 PMCID: PMC6923339 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) is a potent vasodilator with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. However, the mechanism by which PGE1 contributes to the amelioration of cardiac injury remains unclear. Methods: The present study was designed to investigate how PGE1 protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injuries by regulating microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) and fas ligand (FASLG). Rat H9C2 cells and isolated primary cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 6 h (6H, hypoxia for 6 h), and reoxygenated for periods of 6 (6R, reoxygenation for 6 h), 12, and 24 h, respectively. Cells from the 6H/6R group were treated with various doses of PGE1; after which, their levels of viability and apoptosis were detected. Results: The 6H/6R treatment regimen induced the maximum level of H9C2 cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by the highest levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved-caspase-3 expression and the lowest level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. Treatment with PGE1 significantly diminished the cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by the 6H/6R regimen, and also decreased expression of IL-2, IL-6, P-p65, TNF-α, and cleaved-caspase-3. In addition, we proved that PGE1 up-regulated miR-21-5p expression in rat cardiomyocytes exposed to conditions that produce H/R injury. FASLG was a direct target of miR-21-5p, and PGE1 reduced the ability of H/R-injured rat cardiomyocytes to undergo apoptosis by affecting the miR-21-5p/FASLG axis. In addition, we proved that PGE1 could protect primary cardiomyocytes against H/R-induced injuries. Conclusions: These results indicate that PGE1 exerts cardioprotective effects in H9C2 cells during H/R by regulating the miR-21-5p/FASLG axis.
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19
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Mukhopadhyay S, Heinz E, Porreca I, Alasoo K, Yeung A, Yang HT, Schwerd T, Forbester JL, Hale C, Agu CA, Choi YH, Rodrigues J, Capitani M, Jostins-Dean L, Thomas DC, Travis S, Gaffney D, Skarnes WC, Thomson N, Uhlig HH, Dougan G, Powrie F. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages limits bacterial killing driven by prostaglandin E2. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132614. [PMID: 31819956 PMCID: PMC7041704 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and lipid mediators are key regulators of inflammation; but how they are mechanistically linked is poorly understood. Here, Mukhopadhyay et al. show a novel regulation between cytokine IL-10 and lipid mediator PGE2 that functionally connects them to intestinal inflammation. Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages (Mφs) leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from an infantile-onset IBD patient lacking a functional IL10RB gene. Mφs differentiated from IL-10RB−/− iPSCs lacked IL-10RB mRNA expression, were unable to phosphorylate STAT3, and failed to reduce LPS induced inflammatory cytokines in the presence of exogenous IL-10. IL-10RB−/− Mφs exhibited a striking defect in their ability to kill Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which was rescuable after experimentally introducing functional copies of the IL10RB gene. Genes involved in synthesis and receptor pathways for eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were more highly induced in IL-10RB−/− Mφs, and these Mφs produced higher amounts of PGE2 after LPS stimulation compared with controls. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and PGE2 receptor blockade enhanced bacterial killing in Mφs. These results identify a regulatory interaction between IL-10 and PGE2, dysregulation of which may drive aberrant Mφ activation and impaired host defense contributing to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kaur Alasoo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Yeung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huei-Ting Yang
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Swiss Precision Dignostics Development Company Limited, Bedford, UK
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica L Forbester
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Melania Capitani
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins-Dean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Zhou LL, Liu W, Wu YM, Sun WL, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Oral Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Immunomodulatory Masters. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1327405. [PMID: 32184830 PMCID: PMC7060886 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1327405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are renowned in the field of tissue engineering/regeneration for their multilineage differentiation potential and easy acquisition. These cells encompass the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), the dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs), the stem/progenitor cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the dental follicle stem/progenitor cells (DFSCs), the bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BM-MSCs) from the alveolar bone proper, and the human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs). Apart from their remarkable regenerative potential, oral MSCs possess the capacity to interact with an inflammatory microenvironment. Although inflammation might affect the properties of oral MSCs, they could inversely exert a multitude of immunological actions to the local inflammatory microenvironment. The present review discusses the current understanding about the immunomodulatory role of oral MSCs both in periodontitis and systemic diseases, their "double-edged sword" uniqueness in inflammatory regulation, their affection of the immune system, and the underlying mechanisms, involving oral MSC-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yan-min Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei-lian Sun
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - C. E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - K. M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11435, Egypt
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21
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Infantino V, Pierri CL, Iacobazzi V. Metabolic Routes in Inflammation: The Citrate Pathway and its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7104-7116. [PMID: 29745322 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180510124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant metabolic changes occur in inflammation to respond to the new energetic needs of cells. Mitochondria are addressed not only to produce ATP, but also to supply substrates, such citrate, to produce pro-inflammatory molecules. In this context, most of the citrate is diverted from Krebs cycle and channeled into the "citrate pathway" leading to the increase in the export of citrate into cytosol by the Mitochondrial Citrate Carrier (CIC) followed by its cleavage into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate by ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY). Acetyl- CoA is used to produce PGE2 and oxaloacetate to make NADPH needed for NO and ROS production. In addition, cytosolic citrate also provides precursors for itaconate synthesis. Citrate- derived itaconate acts as a negative regulator of inflammation by modulating the synthesis of the inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of CIC or ACLY by different synthetic and natural molecules results in the reduction of NO, ROS and PGE2 levels suggesting that the citrate pathway can be a new target to be addressed in inflammation. Beneficial effects can be obtained also in the oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions observed in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Iacobazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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22
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Kwon H, Yang Y, Kumar S, Lee DW, Bajracharya P, Calkins TL, Kim Y, Pietrantonio PV. Characterization of the first insect prostaglandin (PGE 2) receptor: MansePGE 2R is expressed in oenocytoids and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increases transcript expression. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 117:103290. [PMID: 31790798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In arthropods, eicosanoids derived from the oxygenated metabolism of arachidonic acid are significant in mediating immune responses. However, the lack of information about insect eicosanoid receptors is an obstacle to completely decipher immune mechanisms underlying both eicosanoid downstream signal cascades and their relationship to immune pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we cloned and sequenced a G protein-coupled receptor (MW 46.16 kDa) from the model lepidopteran, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae). The receptor shares similarity of amino acid motifs to human prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors, and phylogenetic analysis supports its classification as a prostaglandin receptor. In agreement, the recombinant receptor was activated by PGE2 resulting in intracellular cAMP increase, and therefore designated MansePGE2R. Expression of MansePGE2R in Sf9 cells in which the endogenous orthologous receptor had been silenced showed similar cAMP increase upon PGE2 challenge. Receptor transcript expression was identified in various tissues in larvae and female adults, including Malpighian tubules, fat body, gut and hemocytes, and in female ovaries. In addition to the cDNA cloned that encodes the functional receptor, an mRNA was found featuring the poly-A tail but lacking the predicted transmembrane (TM) regions 2 and 3, suggesting the possibility that internally deleted receptor proteins exist in insects. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that among hemocytes, the receptor was exclusively localized in the oenocytoids. Larval immune challenges injecting bacterial components showed that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increased MansePGE2R expression in hemocytes. In contrast, injection of LPS or peptidoglycan did not increase MansePGE2R transcript levels in hemocytes, suggesting the LTA-associated increase in receptor transcript is regulated through a distinct pathway. This study provides the first characterization of an eicosanoid receptor in insects, and paves the way for establishing the hierarchy in signaling steps required for establishing insect immune responses to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Prati Bajracharya
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Travis L Calkins
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
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23
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Fujishima MAT, Sá DMC, Lima CMDS, Bittencourt JAHM, Pereira WLA, Muribeca ADJB, e Silva CYY, da Silva MN, de Sousa FFO, dos Santos CBR, da Silva JO. Chemical profiling of Curatella americana Linn leaves by UPLC-HRMS and its wound healing activity in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225514. [PMID: 31929529 PMCID: PMC6957176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on ethnopharmacological studies, a lot of plants, as well as its compounds, have been investigated for the potential use as wound healing agents. In Brazil, Curatella americana is traditionally used by local people to treat wounds, ulcers and inflammations. However, to the best of our knowledge, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by a scientific study. Here, some compounds, many of them flavonoids, were identified in the hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of C. americana (HECA) by LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS. Besides that, solutions containing different concentrations of HECA and a gel produced with this extract were evaluated for its antimicrobial, coagulant and wound healing activities on an excision mouse wound model as well as its acute dermal safety. A total of thirteen compounds were identified in HECA, mainly quercetin, kaempferol and glucoside derivatives of both, besides catechin and epicatechin known as wound healing agents. The group treated with 1% of HECA exhibited highest wound healing activity and best rate of wound contraction confirmed by histopathology results. The present study provides scientific evidence of, this extract (HECA) possess remarkable wound healing activity, thereby, supporting the traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Amoras Teles Fujishima
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Dayse Maria Cunha Sá
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Miranda de Sousa Lima
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - José Adolfo H. M. Bittencourt
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cleydson B. R. dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Jocivania Oliveira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
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24
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Jiang W, Xu J. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12712. [PMID: 31730279 PMCID: PMC6985662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elsalawy R, Ibrahim N, Gadalla M, Albargasy H, Zahra N, Mokhtar S, El Nahhas N, El Kaliouby Y, Dörfer CE. The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:445-460. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal Zahra
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Chen S, Hu Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Du N, Song T, Yang Y, Guo A, Wang Y. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates prostaglandin E 2 production of astrocytes to tune inflammatory milieu following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:85. [PMID: 30981278 PMCID: PMC6461812 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes have been shown to produce several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to maintain homeostasis of microenvironment in response to vast array of CNS insults. Some inflammation-related cytokines are responsible for regulating such cell events. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that can be inducibly expressed in the lesioned spinal cord. Unknown is whether MIF can facilitate the production of immunosuppressive factors from astrocytes to tune milieu following spinal cord injury. Methods Following establishment of contusion SCI rat model, correlation of PGE2 synthesis-related protein levels with that of MIF was assayed by Western blot. ELISA assay was used to detect production of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe colocalization of COX2 with GFAP- and S100β-positive astrocytes. The primary astrocytes were treated by various inhibitors to validate relevant signal pathway. Results The protein levels of MIF and COX2, but not of COX1, synchronously increased following spinal cord injury. Treatment of MIF inhibitor 4-IPP to the lesion sites significantly reduced the expression of COX2, mPGES-1, and as a consequence, the production of PGE2. Astrocytes responded robustly to the MIF interference, by which regulated MAPK/COX2/PGE2 signal pathway through coupling with the CD74 membrane receptor. MIF-induced production of PGE2 from astrocytes was able to suppress production of TNF-α, but boosted production of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-activated macrophages. Conclusion Collectively, these results reveal a novel function of MIF-mediated astrocytes, which fine-tune inflammatory microenvironment to maintain homeostasis. These suggest an alternative therapeutic strategy for CNS inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1468-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Du
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aisong Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elahmady M, Adawi Z, Aboushadi N, Elnaggar A, Eid M, Hamdy N, Sanaa D, Dörfer CE. The periodontal stem/progenitor cell inflammatory-regenerative cross talk: A new perspective. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:81-94. [PMID: 30295324 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult multipotent stem/progenitor cells, with remarkable regenerative potential, have been isolated from various components of the human periodontium. These multipotent stem/progenitor cells include the periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), and the alveolar bone proper stem/progenitor cells (AB-MSCs). Whereas inflammation is regarded as the reason for tissue damage, it also remains a fundamental step of any early healing process. In performing their periodontal tissue regenerative/reparative activity, periodontal stem/progenitor cells interact with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environmental, through their expressed receptors, which could influence their fate and the outcome of any periodontal stem/progenitor cell-mediated reparative/regenerative activity. The present review discusses the current understanding about the interaction of periodontal stem/progenitor cells with their surrounding inflammatory micro-environment, elaborates on the inflammatory factors influencing their stemness, proliferation, migration/homing, differentiation, and immunomodulatory attributes, the possible underlying intracellular mechanisms, as well as their proposed relationship to the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Zeina Adawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Elnaggar
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maryam Eid
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayera Hamdy
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Sanaa
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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28
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Li YJ, Luo LJ, Harroun SG, Wei SC, Unnikrishnan B, Chang HT, Huang YF, Lai JY, Huang CC. Synergistically dual-functional nano eye-drops for simultaneous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative treatment of dry eye disease. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5580-5594. [PMID: 30860532 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and straightforward topical treatment method for dry eye disease (DED) using poly(catechin) capped-gold nanoparticles (Au@Poly-CH NPs) carrying amfenac [AF; a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)] through effective attenuation of ocular surface tissue damage in dry eyes. A dual-targeted strategy based on ocular therapeutics was adopted to simultaneously block the cyclooxygenase enzymes-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress, the primary two causes of DED. The self-assembled core-shell Au@Poly-CH NPs synthesized via a simple reaction between tetrachloroaurate(iii) and catechin possess a poly(catechin) shell (∼20 nm) on the surface of each Au NP (∼60 nm). The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs were evaluated by DCFH-DA and prostaglandin E2/VEGF assays, respectively. Our results demonstrate that Au@Poly-CH NPs not only act as an anti-oxidant to suppress ROS-mediated processes, but also serve as a drug carrier of AF for a synergistic effect on anti-inflammation. In vivo biocompatibility studies show good tolerability of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs for potential use in the treatment of ocular surface pathologies. The dual-targeted therapeutic effects of AF/Au@Poly-CH NPs lead to rapid recovery from DED in a rabbit model. Au@Poly-CH NPs loaded with NSAIDs is a promising multifunctional nanocomposite for treating various inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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29
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Shen Y, Feng S, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Wu J, Deng Y, Gao L, Zhang S, Li Q, Cao J. Prostaglandin E2 promotes Pam3CSK4-induced inflammation in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 200:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Sanin DE, Matsushita M, Klein Geltink RI, Grzes KM, van Teijlingen Bakker N, Corrado M, Kabat AM, Buck MD, Qiu J, Lawless SJ, Cameron AM, Villa M, Baixauli F, Patterson AE, Hässler F, Curtis JD, O'Neill CM, O'Sullivan D, Wu D, Mittler G, Huang SCC, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Regulates Nuclear Gene Expression in Macrophages Exposed to Prostaglandin E2. Immunity 2018; 49:1021-1033.e6. [PMID: 30566880 PMCID: PMC7271981 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engagement is intrinsic to immune cell function. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to modulate macrophage activation, yet how PGE2 might affect metabolism is unclear. Here, we show that PGE2 caused mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to dissipate in interleukin-4-activated (M(IL-4)) macrophages. Effects on Δψm were a consequence of PGE2-initiated transcriptional regulation of genes, particularly Got1, in the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). Reduced Δψm caused alterations in the expression of 126 voltage-regulated genes (VRGs), including those encoding resistin-like molecule α (RELMα), a key marker of M(IL-4) cells, and genes that regulate the cell cycle. The transcription factor ETS variant 1 (ETV1) played a role in the regulation of 38% of the VRGs. These results reveal ETV1 as a Δψm-sensitive transcription factor and Δψm as a mediator of mitochondrial-directed nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mai Matsushita
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michael D Buck
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Simon J Lawless
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alanna M Cameron
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annette E Patterson
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Hässler
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christina M O'Neill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gerhard Mittler
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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31
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Tian Y, Yang T, Yu S, Liu C, He M, Hu C. Prostaglandin E2 increases migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by activating transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channels. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6327-6337. [PMID: 30338939 PMCID: PMC6237613 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) play important roles in migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells. In this study, we tested the association between PGE2 and TRPM7. We found that PGE2 increased TRPM7 currents in HEK293 and human glioblastoma A172 cells. The PGE2 EP3 receptor antagonist L‐798106 abrogated the PGE2 stimulatory effect, while EP3 agonist 17‐phenyl trinor prostaglandin E2 (17‐pt‐PGE2) mimicked the effect of PEG2 on TRPM7. The TRPM7 phosphotransferase activity‐deficient mutation, K1646R had no effect on PGE2 induced increase of TRPM7 currents. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activity by Rp‐cAMP increased TRPM7 currents. TRPM7 PKA phosphorylation site mutation S1269A abolished the PGE2 effect on TRPM7 currents. PGE2 increased both mRNA and membrane protein expression of TRPM7 in A172 cells. Knockdown of TRPM7 by shRNA abrogated the PGE2 stimulated migration and proliferation of A172 cells. Blockage of TRPM7 with 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) or NS8593 had a similar effect as TRPM7‐shRNA. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PGE2 activates TRPM7 via EP3/PKA signalling pathway, and that PGE2 enhances migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by up‐regulation of the TRPM7 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Tian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuntai Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Wein MN, Foretz M, Fisher DE, Xavier RJ, Kronenberg HM. Salt-Inducible Kinases: Physiology, Regulation by cAMP, and Therapeutic Potential. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:723-735. [PMID: 30150136 PMCID: PMC6151151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) represent a subfamily of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family kinases. Initially named because SIK1 (the founding member of this kinase family) expression is regulated by dietary salt intake in the adrenal gland, it is now apparent that a major biological role of these kinases is to control gene expression in response to extracellular cues that increase intracellular levels of cAMP. Here, we review four physiologically relevant examples of how cAMP signaling impinges upon SIK cellular function. By focusing on examples of cAMP-mediated SIK regulation in gut myeloid cells, bone, liver, and skin, we highlight recent advances in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. New knowledge regarding the role of SIKs in GPCR signaling has led to therapeutic applications of novel small molecule SIK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rogers LM, Anders AP, Doster RS, Gill EA, Gnecco JS, Holley JM, Randis TM, Ratner AJ, Gaddy JA, Osteen K, Aronoff DM. Decidual stromal cell-derived PGE 2 regulates macrophage responses to microbial threat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13032. [PMID: 30084522 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Bacterial chorioamnionitis causes adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet host-microbial interactions are not well characterized within gestational membranes. The decidua, the outermost region of the membranes, is a potential point of entry for bacteria ascending from the vagina to cause chorioamnionitis. We sought to determine whether paracrine communication between decidual stromal cells and macrophages shaped immune responses to microbial sensing. METHOD OF STUDY Decidual cell-macrophage interactions were modeled in vitro utilizing decidualized, telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (dTHESCs) and phorbol ester-differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells. The production of inflammatory mediators in response to LPS was monitored by ELISA for both cell types, while phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Group B Streptococcus (GBS)) was measured in THP-1 cells or primary human placental macrophages. Diclofenac, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were utilized to interrogate prostaglandins as decidual cell-derived paracrine immunomodulators. A mouse model of ascending chorioamnionitis caused by GBS was utilized to assess the colocalization of bacteria and macrophages in vivo and assess PGE2 production. RESULTS In response to LPS, dTHESC and THP-1 coculture demonstrated enhancement of most inflammatory mediators, but a potent suppression of macrophage TNF-α generation was observed. This appeared to reflect a paracrine-mediated effect of decidual cell-derived PGE2 . In mice with GBS chorioamnionitis, macrophages accumulated at sites of bacterial invasion with increased PGE2 in amniotic fluid, suggesting such paracrine effects might hold relevance in vivo. CONCLUSION These data suggest key roles for decidual stromal cells in modulating tissue responses to microbial threat through release of PGE2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anjali P Anders
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Juan S Gnecco
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jacob M Holley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tara M Randis
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam J Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Osteen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veteran Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Dendritic cells in inflammatory angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:180-186. [PMID: 29879585 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) expansion during inflammation is essential to establish immune responses and relies on the development of blood and lymph vessels. Human dendritic cells (DCs), subdivided into two main subsets, namely conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), are professional antigen presenting cells endowed with the capability to produce soluble mediators regulating inflammation and tissue repair. cDCs support angiogenesis in secondary LNs both directly and indirectly through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C and the production of several other mediators endowed with angiogenic properties. Finally, cDCs can affect neovascular formation via a transdifferentiation process. At variance with cDCs, the angiogenic properties of pDCs still remain poorly explored.
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35
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Kaisar MMM, Ritter M, del Fresno C, Jónasdóttir HS, van der Ham AJ, Pelgrom LR, Schramm G, Layland LE, Sancho D, Prazeres da Costa C, Giera M, Yazdanbakhsh M, Everts B. Dectin-1/2-induced autocrine PGE2 signaling licenses dendritic cells to prime Th2 responses. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005504. [PMID: 29668708 PMCID: PMC5927467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms through which dendritic cells (DCs) prime T helper 2 (Th2) responses, including those elicited by parasitic helminths, remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma mansoni, which is well known to drive potent Th2 responses, triggers DCs to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which subsequently—in an autocrine manner—induces OX40 ligand (OX40L) expression to license these DCs to drive Th2 responses. Mechanistically, SEA was found to promote PGE2 synthesis through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, and via a downstream signaling cascade involving spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2). In addition, this pathway was activated independently of the actions of omega-1 (ω-1), a previously described Th2-priming glycoprotein present in SEA. These findings were supported by in vivo murine data showing that ω-1–independent Th2 priming by SEA was mediated by Dectin-2 and Syk signaling in DCs. Finally, we found that Dectin-2−/−, and to a lesser extent Dectin-1−/− mice, displayed impaired Th2 responses and reduced egg-driven granuloma formation following S. mansoni infection, highlighting the physiological importance of this pathway in Th2 polarization during a helminth infection. In summary, we identified a novel pathway in DCs involving Dectin-1/2-Syk-PGE2-OX40L through which Th2 immune responses are induced. T helper 2 (Th2) responses, which are initiated by dendritic cells (DCs), can cause allergic diseases, but they can also provide protection against metabolic disorders and parasitic helminth infections. As such, there is great interest in better understanding how their activity is induced and regulated by DCs. Parasitic helminths can potently induce Th2 responses. However, how helminths condition DCs for priming of Th2 responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that egg antigens from the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni bind to pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 on DCs. This binding triggers a signaling cascade in DCs that results in synthesis of eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is sensed by the DCs themselves, resulting in expression of OX40 ligand (OX40L), which subsequently enables the DCs to promote Th2 differentiation. We show that this pathway is activated independently of omega-1 (ω-1), which is a glycoprotein secreted by the eggs and previously shown to condition DCs for priming of Th2 responses. Moreover, we demonstrate that this ω-1–independent pathway is crucial for Th2 induction and egg-driven immunopathology following S. mansoni infection in vivo. In summary, we identified a novel pathway in DCs involving Dectin-1/2–induced autocrine PGE2 signaling through which Th2 responses are induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. M. Kaisar
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos del Fresno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Carlos III”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hulda S. Jónasdóttir
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin J. van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard R. Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura E. Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany & German Centre for Infection Research, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Carlos III”, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Giera
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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36
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Samuchiwal SK, Boyce JA. Role of lipid mediators and control of lymphocyte responses in type 2 immunopathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1182-1190. [PMID: 29477727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunopathology is a cardinal feature of allergic diseases and involves cooperation between adaptive immunity and innate effector responses. Virtually all cell types relevant to this pathology generate leukotriene and/or prostaglandin mediators that derive from arachidonic acid, express receptors for such mediators, or both. Recent studies highlight prominent functions for these mediators in communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as amplification or suppression of type 2 effector responses. This review focuses on recent advances and insights, and highlights existing and potential therapeutic applications of drugs that target these mediators or their receptors, with a special emphasis on their regulation of the innate and adaptive lymphocytes relevant to type 2 immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Samuchiwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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37
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Chang LL, Hsu WH, Kao MC, Chou CC, Lin CC, Liu CJ, Weng BC, Kuo FC, Kuo CH, Lin MH, Wang CJ, Lin CH, Wu DC, Huang SK. Stromal C-type lectin receptor COLEC12 integrates H. pylori, PGE2-EP2/4 axis and innate immunity in gastric diseases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3821. [PMID: 29491476 PMCID: PMC5830506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue stroma is known to be important in regulating Hp-mediated inflammation, but its interaction with Hp and dendritic cells (DCs) remains to be determined. To this end, the potential crosstalk between H. pylori (Hp) infected gastric stromal cells (Hp-GSCs) and DCs was investigated. Primary GSCs from cancerous and adjacent normal tissues were generated from gastric cancer patients, and monocyte-derived DCs were obtained from healthy individuals. Levels of cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA, and C-type lectin expression in GSCs was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In a trans-well co-culture system, significantly upregulated DC-derived IL-23 expression was found when DCs were co-cultured with Hp-infected GSCs (Hp-GSCs). Further, PGE2 from Hp-GSCs was discovered to possess the priming effect, which could be inhibited by anti-COLEC12 (Collectin subfamily member 12) Abs, COLEC12 knockdown or when alpha3-fucosyltransferase-null (futB; HP0651) strain of Hp was used. Also, the expression of COLEC12 was co-localized with CD90+ stromal cells in cancerous tissues. Hp-GSCs-conditioned DCs were able to induce the expression of IL-17 from CD4+ T cells, which could be inhibited by IL-23-neutralizing Abs. These results suggested the importance of COLEC12 as a receptor involved in Hp-stromal cell interaction and its subsequent conditioning effect on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mou-Chieh Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Cheng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chuang Weng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program and the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Shen-Zhen University Lo-Hu Hospital, Shen-Zhen, China. .,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA.
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Shen Y, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Feng S, Qian Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Gao L, Fu C, Li Q, Deng Y, Cao J. PGE 2 downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses via the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 129:25-31. [PMID: 29482767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum bacterial infections of the uterus cause endometritis in dairy cows. Inflammatory responses to bacterial infections in the bovine uterus were generated through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. Among these PRRs, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is primarily responsible for LPS recognition, which triggers inflammatory responses via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB signaling activation, resulting in the expression of inflammatory mediators in mammals such as IL-8 and IL-6. Previous studies indicate that PGE2 plays an important role in bacterial endometritis, although details on the mechanism underlying how it regulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) remain elusive. In the present study, bEECs were pre-treated with exogenous PGE2 and/or PGF2α prior to LPS stimulation. With PGE2 pre-treatment, we observed an augmentation in LPS-stimulated PKA, ERK, and IκBα phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression and downregulation of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) and TLR4 in bEECs. These results indicate that LPS-induced inflammatory responses through TLR4 signaling in bEECs could be downregulated by exogenous PGE2 pre-treatment, but not PGF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Yinghong Qian
- Inner Mongolia of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, No.22, Zhaojun Road, Yuquan District, 010031 Hohhot, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018 Hohhot, China.
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Issara-Amphorn J, Surawut S, Worasilchai N, Thim-Uam A, Finkelman M, Chindamporn A, Palaga T, Hirankarn N, Pisitkun P, Leelahavanichkul A. The Synergy of Endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan, from Gut Translocation, Worsens Sepsis Severity in a Lupus Model of Fc Gamma Receptor IIb-Deficient Mice. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:189-201. [PMID: 29393221 DOI: 10.1159/000486321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of spontaneous gut leakage upon polymicrobial sepsis in a lupus model with Fc gamma receptor IIb-deficient (FcGRIIb-/-) mice aged 8 and 40 weeks, as representing asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus, respectively. Spontaneous gut leakage, determined by (i) the presence of FITC-dextran, (ii) elevated serum endotoxin, and (iii) elevated serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), was demonstrated in symptomatic lupus but not in the asymptomatic group. In parallel, spontaneous gut leakage, detected by elevated serum BG without fungal infection, was demonstrated in patients with active lupus nephritis. Gut leakage induced by dextran sulfate solution (DSS) or endotoxin administration together with BG or endotoxin alone, but not BG alone, enhanced the severity of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis more prominently in 8-week-old FcGRIIb-/- mice. Additionally, the bone marrow-derived macrophages of FcGRIIb-/- mice produced higher cytokine levels when coexposed to endotoxin and BG, when compared to wild-type mice. In summary, spontaneous gut leakage was demonstrated in symptomatic FcGRIIb-/- mice and the induction of gut permeability worsened sepsis severity. Gut translocation of endotoxin and BG had a minor effect on wild-type mice, but the synergistic effect of BG and endotoxin was prominent in FcGRIIb-/- mice. The data suggest that therapeutic strategies addressing gut leakage may be of interest in sepsis conditions in patients with lupus.
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40
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Johannessen L, Sundberg TB, O'Connell DJ, Kolde R, Berstler J, Billings KJ, Khor B, Seashore-Ludlow B, Fassl A, Russell CN, Latorre IJ, Jiang B, Graham DB, Perez JR, Sicinski P, Phillips AJ, Schreiber SL, Gray NS, Shamji AF, Xavier RJ. Small-molecule studies identify CDK8 as a regulator of IL-10 in myeloid cells. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:1102-1108. [PMID: 28805801 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a promising strategy to suppress pathogenic inflammation. To identify new mechanisms regulating IL-10 production, we conducted a phenotypic screen for small molecules that enhance IL-10 secretion from activated dendritic cells. Mechanism-of-action studies using a prioritized hit from the screen, BRD6989, identified the Mediator-associated kinase CDK8, and its paralog CDK19, as negative regulators of IL-10 production during innate immune activation. The ability of BRD6989 to upregulate IL-10 is recapitulated by multiple, structurally differentiated CDK8 and CDK19 inhibitors and requires an intact cyclin C-CDK8 complex. Using a highly parallel pathway reporter assay, we identified a role for enhanced AP-1 activity in IL-10 potentiation following CDK8 and CDK19 inhibition, an effect associated with reduced phosphorylation of a negative regulatory site on c-Jun. These findings identify a function for CDK8 and CDK19 in regulating innate immune activation and suggest that these kinases may warrant consideration as therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Johannessen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas B Sundberg
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J O'Connell
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Berstler
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katelyn J Billings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin N Russell
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel J Latorre
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose R Perez
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Phillips
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alykhan F Shamji
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Jeong HY, Choi YS, Lee JK, Lee BJ, Kim WK, Kang H. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citric Acid-Treated Wheat Germ Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Nutrients 2017; 9:E730. [PMID: 28698513 PMCID: PMC5537844 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, fermentation was the only processing used to improve the functionality of wheat germ. The release of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) from hydroquinone glycosides during the fermentation process is considered a marker of quality control. Here, we treated wheat germ extract with citric acid (CWG) to release DMBQ and examined the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract using a lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage model. Treatment of wheat germ with citric acid resulted in detectable release of DMBQ but reduced total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared with untreated wheat germ extract (UWG). CWG inhibited secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 and the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2, while UWG only decreased IL-12 production. CWG and UWG induced high levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and heme oxygenase-1. CWG specifically inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38 kinase at 15 min after LPS stimulation. Our study showed that citric acid treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of wheat germ extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeong Jeong
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | | | | | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woo-Ki Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hee Kang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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42
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Tang T, Scambler TE, Smallie T, Cunliffe HE, Ross EA, Rosner DR, O'Neil JD, Clark AR. Macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide are modulated by a feedback loop involving prostaglandin E 2, dual specificity phosphatase 1 and tristetraprolin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4350. [PMID: 28659609 PMCID: PMC5489520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In many different cell types, pro-inflammatory agonists induce the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), an enzyme that catalyzes rate-limiting steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to a variety of lipid signaling molecules, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 has key roles in many early inflammatory events, such as the changes of vascular function that promote or facilitate leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. Depending on context, it also exerts many important anti-inflammatory effects, for example increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), and decreasing that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The tight control of both biosynthesis of, and cellular responses to, PGE2 are critical for the precise orchestration of the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. Here we describe evidence of a negative feedback loop, in which PGE2 augments the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1, impairs the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, increases the activity of the mRNA-destabilizing factor tristetraprolin, and thereby inhibits the expression of COX-2. The same feedback mechanism contributes to PGE2-mediated suppression of TNF release. Engagement of the DUSP1-TTP regulatory axis by PGE2 is likely to contribute to the switch between initiation and resolution phases of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tang
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Thomas E Scambler
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Tim Smallie
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Helen E Cunliffe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Ewan A Ross
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Dalya R Rosner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - John D O'Neil
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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43
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Hooper KM, Kong W, Ganea D. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits Tr1 cell differentiation through suppression of c-Maf. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179184. [PMID: 28604806 PMCID: PMC5467903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major lipid mediator abundant at inflammatory sites, acts as a proinflammatory agent in models of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases by promoting CD4 Th1/Th17 differentiation. Regulatory T cells, including the IL-10 producing Tr1 cells counterbalance the proinflammatory activity of effector Th1/Th17 cells. Tr1 cell differentiation and function are induced by IL-27, and depend primarily on sustained expression of c-Maf in addition to AhR and Blimp-1. In agreement with the in vivo proinflammatory role of PGE2, here we report for the first time that PGE2 inhibits IL-27-induced differentiation and IL-10 production of murine CD4+CD49b+LAG-3+Foxp3- Tr1 cells. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 was mediated through EP4 receptors and induction of cAMP, leading to a significant reduction in c-Maf expression. Although PGE2 reduced IL-21 production in differentiating Tr1 cells, its inhibitory effect on Tr1 differentiation and c-Maf expression also occurred independent of IL-21 signaling. PGE2 did not affect STAT1/3 activation, AhR expression and only marginally reduced Egr-2/Blimp-1 expression. The effect of PGE2 on CD4+CD49b+LAG-3+ Tr1 differentiation was not associated with either induction of Foxp3 or IL-17 production, suggesting a lack of transdifferentiation into Foxp3+ Treg or effector Th17 cells. We recently reported that PGE2 inhibits the expression and production of IL-27 from activated conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in vivo and in vitro. The present study indicates that PGE2 also reduces murine Tr1 differentiation and function directly by acting on IL-27-differentiating Tr1 cells. Together, the ability of PGE2 to inhibit IL-27 production by cDC, and the direct inhibitory effect on Tr1 differentiation mediated through reduction in c-Maf expression, represent a new mechanistic perspective for the proinflammatory activity of PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mary Hooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Doina Ganea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Yu W, Li Z, Long F, Chen W, Geng Y, Xie Z, Yao M, Han B, Liu T. A Systems Pharmacology Approach to Determine Active Compounds and Action Mechanisms of Xipayi KuiJie'an enema for Treatment of Ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1189. [PMID: 28446747 PMCID: PMC5430631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xipayi Kui Jie’an (KJA), a type of traditional Uygur medicine (TUM), has shown promising therapeutic effects in Ulcerative colitis (UC). Owing to the complexity of TUM, the pharmacological mechanism of KJA remains vague. Therefore, the identification of complex molecular mechanisms is a major challenge and a new method is urgently needed to address this problem. In this study, we established a feasible pharmacological model based on systems pharmacology to identify potential compounds and targets. We also applied compound-target and target-diseases network analysis to evaluate the action mechanisms. According to the predicted results, 12 active compounds were selected and these compounds were also identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The main components were tannins, this result is consistent with the prediction. The active compounds interacted with 22 targets. Two targets including PTGS2 and PPARG were demonstrated to be the main targets associated with UC. Systematic analysis of the constructed networks revealed that these targets were mainly involved in NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, KJA could also regulate the CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells. In conclusion, this systems pharmacology-based approach not only explained that KJA could alleviate the UC by regulating its candidate targets, but also gave new insights into the potential novel therapeutic strategies for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Education, DongZhiMen Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Fei Long
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Yurong Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- The first affiliated hospital, School of medicine, Shihezi university, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- College of pharmacy, Sun yat-sen university, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832002, China.
| | - Teigang Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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45
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Zasłona Z, Pålsson-McDermott EM, Menon D, Haneklaus M, Flis E, Prendeville H, Corcoran SE, Peters-Golden M, O'Neill LAJ. The Induction of Pro-IL-1β by Lipopolysaccharide Requires Endogenous Prostaglandin E 2 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3558-3564. [PMID: 28298525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PGE2 has been shown to increase the transcription of pro-IL-1β. However, recently it has been demonstrated that PGE2 can block the maturation of IL-1β by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. These apparently conflicting results have led us to reexamine the effect of PGE2 on IL-1β production. We have found that in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, PGE2 via the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway is potently inducing IL-1β transcription, as well as boosting the ability of LPS to induce IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β while inhibiting the production of TNF-α. This results in an increase in mature IL-1β production in macrophages treated with ATP. We also examined the effect of endogenously produced PGE2 on IL-1β production. By blocking PGE2 production with indomethacin, we made a striking finding that endogenous PGE2 is essential for LPS-induced pro-IL-1β production, suggesting a positive feedback loop. The effect of endogenous PGE2 was mediated by EP2 receptor. In primary human monocytes, where LPS alone is sufficient to induce mature IL-1β, PGE2 boosted LPS-induced IL-1β production. PGE2 did not inhibit ATP-induced mature IL-1β production in monocytes. Because PGE2 mediates the pyrogenic effect of IL-1β, these effects might be especially relevant for the role of monocytes in the induction of fever. A positive feedback loop from IL-1β and back to PGE2, which itself is induced by IL-1β, is likely to be operating. Furthermore, fever might therefore occur in the absence of a septic shock response because of the inhibiting effect of PGE2 on TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zasłona
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Eva M Pålsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Deepthi Menon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Ewelina Flis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Hannah Prendeville
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Sarah E Corcoran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
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46
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Hooper KM, Yen JH, Kong W, Rahbari KM, Kuo PC, Gamero AM, Ganea D. Prostaglandin E2 Inhibition of IL-27 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells: A Novel Mechanism That Involves IRF1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1521-1530. [PMID: 28062696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-27, a multifunctional cytokine produced by APCs, antagonizes inflammation by affecting conventional dendritic cells (cDC), inducing IL-10, and promoting development of regulatory Tr1 cells. Although the mechanisms involved in IL-27 induction are well studied, much less is known about the factors that negatively impact IL-27 expression. PGE2, a major immunomodulatory prostanoid, acts as a proinflammatory agent in several models of inflammatory/autoimmune disease, promoting primarily Th17 development and function. In this study, we report on a novel mechanism that promotes the proinflammatory function of PGE2 We showed previously that PGE2 inhibits IL-27 production in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. In this study, we show that, in addition to bone marrow-derived DCs, PGE2 inhibits IL-27 production in macrophages and in splenic cDC, and we identify a novel pathway consisting of signaling through EP2/EP4→induction of cAMP→downregulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 expression and binding to the p28 IFN-stimulated response element site. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 on p28 and irf1 expression does not involve endogenous IFN-β, STAT1, or STAT2, and inhibition of IL-27 does not appear to be mediated through PKA, exchange protein activated by cAMP, PI3K, or MAPKs. We observed similar inhibition of il27p28 expression in vivo in splenic DC following administration of dimethyl PGE2 in conjunction with LPS. Based on the anti-inflammatory role of IL-27 in cDC and through the generation of Tr1 cells, we propose that the PGE2-induced inhibition of IL-27 in activated cDC represents an important additional mechanism for its in vivo proinflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Hooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46202
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Kate M Rahbari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46202
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Doina Ganea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140;
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47
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Protective Effect of Galectin-1 during Histoplasma capsulatum Infection Is Associated with Prostaglandin E 2 and Nitric Oxide Modulation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5813794. [PMID: 27698545 PMCID: PMC5028869 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5813794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that develops a yeast-like morphology in host's tissue, responsible for the pulmonary disease histoplasmosis. The recent increase in the incidence of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients highlights the need of understanding immunological controls of fungal infections. Here, we describe our discovery of the role of endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in the immune pathophysiology of experimental histoplasmosis. All infected wild-type (WT) mice survived while only 1/3 of Lgals1−/− mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 survived 30 days after infection. Although infected Lgals1−/− mice had increased proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and elevations in neutrophil pulmonary infiltration, they presented higher fungal load in lungs and spleen. Infected lung and infected macrophages from Lgals1−/− mice exhibited elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, a prostanoid regulator of macrophage activation) and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (Ptgs2) mRNA. Gal-1 did not bind to cell surface of yeast phase of H. capsulatum, in vitro, suggesting that Gal-1 contributed to phagocytes response to infection rather than directly killing the yeast. The data provides the first demonstration of endogenous Gal-1 in the protective immune response against H. capsulatum associated with NO and PGE2 as an important lipid mediator in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis.
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48
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Montero J, Gómez-Abellán V, Arizcun M, Mulero V, Sepulcre MP. Prostaglandin E2 promotes M2 polarization of macrophages via a cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and deactivates granulocytes in teleost fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:632-41. [PMID: 27368534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The profile of prostaglandin (PG) production is determined by the differential expression of the enzymes involved in their production and degradation. Although the production of PGE2 by fish leukocytes has been relatively well studied in several fish species, knowledge of how its production is regulated, its biological activities and the signaling pathways activated by this PG is scant or even contradictory. In this work we show that in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) macrophages regulate PGE2 release mainly by inducing the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for its synthesis, while acidophilic granulocytes (AGs) not only induce these genes quickly after activation but also inhibit the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for PGE2 degradation at later time points. In addition, treatment of macrophages with PGE2 promoted their M2 polarization, which is characterized by high expression levels of interleukin-10, mannose-receptor c-type 1 and arginase 2 genes. In sharp contrast, PGE2 promoted the deactivation of AGs, since it decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. These differences are the result of the alternative signaling pathways used by PGE2 in macrophages and AGs, a cAMP/CREB signaling pathway operating in macrophages, but not in AGs, downstream of PGE2. Our data identify for the first time a role for professional phagocyte-derived-PGE2 in the resolution of inflammation in fish and highlight key differences in the PGE2 signaling pathway in macrophages and granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Montero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO), Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María P Sepulcre
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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49
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells: Common Traits in Immune Regulation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7121580. [PMID: 27529074 PMCID: PMC4978836 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To protect host against immune-mediated damage, immune responses are tightly regulated. The regulation of immune responses is mediated by various populations of mature immune cells, such as T regulatory cells and B regulatory cells, but also by immature cells of different origins. In this review, we discuss regulatory properties and mechanisms whereby two distinct populations of immature cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells mediate immune regulation, focusing on their similarities, discrepancies, and potential clinical applications.
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50
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Abstract
Macrophages and their counterparts in the central nervous system, the microglia, detect and subsequently clear microbial pathogens and injured tissue. These phagocytic cells alter and adapt their phenotype depending on their prime activity, i.e., whether they participate in acute defence against pathogenic organisms ('M1'-phenotype) or in clearing damaged tissues and performing repair activities ('M2'-phenotype). Stimulation of pattern recognition receptors by viruses (vaccines), bacterial membrane components (e.g., LPS), alcohol, or long-chain saturated fatty acids promotes M1-polarization. Vaccine or LPS administration to healthy human subjects can result in sickness symptoms and low mood. Alcohol abuse and abdominal obesity are recognized as risk factors for depression. In the M1-polarized form, microglia and macrophages generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals to eradicate microbial pathogens. Inadvertently, also tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) may become oxidized. This is an irreversible reaction that generates neopterin, a recognized biomarker for depression. BH4 is a critical cofactor for the synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin, and its loss could explain some of the symptoms of depression. Based on these aspects, the suppression of M1-polarization would limit the inadvertent catabolism of BH4. In the current review, we evaluate the evidence that antidepressant treatments (monoamine reuptake inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, lithium, valproate, agomelatine, tianeptine, electroconvulsive shock, and vagus nerve stimulation) inhibit LPS-induced microglia/macrophage M1-polarization. Consequently, we propose that supplementation with BH4 could limit the reduction in central monoamine synthesis and might represent an effective treatment for depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans O Kalkman
- Neuroscience Research, NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 22-3.001.02, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Feuerbach
- Neuroscience Research, NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 22-3.001.02, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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