1
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease: The Molecular Crosstalk of Upstream Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Apoptosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:140-151. [PMID: 36703582 PMCID: PMC10716878 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230126161524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disease involving a complex interaction between genes and the environment that affects various cellular pathways and neural networks. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants are significant risk factors for the development of PD. Among the herbicides, paraquat has been commonly used, although it has been banned in many countries due to its acute toxicity. Although the direct causational relationship between paraquat exposure and PD has not been established, paraquat has been demonstrated to cause the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic lesion are primarily driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, leading to a cascade of molecular crosstalks that result in the initiation of apoptosis. This review critically analyses the crucial upstream molecular pathways of the apoptotic cascade involved in paraquat neurotoxicity, including mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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3
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Hossain MM, Richardson JR. Nerve Growth Factor Protects Against Pyrethroid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:147-158. [PMID: 31841155 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors crucial for growth and survival of neurons in the developing and adult brain. Reduction in neurotrophin levels is associated with reduced neurogenesis and cognitive deficits in rodents. Recently, we demonstrated that long-term exposure to low levels of the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin causes hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and learning deficits in mice. Here, we found that nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein were selectively reduced in the hippocampus of deltamethrin-treated mice. To explore potential mechanisms responsible for this observation, we employed mouse primary hippocampal neurons. Exposure of neurons to deltamethrin (1-5 μM) caused ER stress as indicated by increased levels of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). These changes were accompanied by increased levels of caspase-12, activated caspase-3, and decreased levels of NGF. Inhibition of ER stress with the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) inhibitor salubrinal abolished deltamethrin-induced activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, and restored NGF levels. Furthermore, deltamethrin decreased Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation, which was significantly prevented by co-treatment with NGF or SC-79 in cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the loss of NGF following ER stress may contribute to deltamethrin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus through the Akt signaling pathway, and that this may provide a plausible mechanism for impaired learning and memory observed following exposure of mice to deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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4
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Wang F, Wang L, Sui G, Yang C, Guo M, Xiong X, Chen Z, Lei P. IGF-1 Alleviates Mitochondrial Apoptosis through the GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in LPS-Treated PC-12 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1320-1328. [PMID: 33403593 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) alleviates mitochondrial apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated PC-12 cells, and to further explore the mechanism involved. Prepared PC-12 cells were treated with IGF-1, Mdivi-1 (DRP1 blocker), LY294002 (PI3K blocker), betulinic acid (NF-κB activator) or their combinations. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP generation were then measured to assess mitochondrial function. The rate of apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. The expression of several apoptosis proteins (i.e. Bax, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3) and signaling proteins (i.e. p-GSK3β, NF-κB and NLRP3) was measured using western blotting. Compared with the control cells, the LPS-treated cells showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, increased apoptosis and upregulation of apoptosis proteins, which were significantly alleviated by Mdivi-1. These findings indicate that neuronal apoptosis was activated partly through the mitochondrial pathway. IGF-1 treatment inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in the LPS-treated cells. The reagent also increased the expression of p-GSK3β and decreased the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3. Both LY294002 and betulinic acid reversed the protective effect of IGF-1. In addition, LY294002 affected the expression of the three signaling proteins, while betulinic acid only affected the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3. These findings indicated a GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway was existed and was involved in the protective mechanism of IGF-1. In conclusion, IGF-1 alleviated mitochondrial apoptosis through GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in LPS-treated PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guanghong Sui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Mengtian Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
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5
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Ramírez-Alarcón K, Victoriano M, Mardones L, Villagran M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M. Phytochemicals as Potential Epidrugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656978. [PMID: 34140928 PMCID: PMC8204854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence has significantly increased worldwide in recent years due to population age, obesity, and modern sedentary lifestyles. The projections estimate that 439 million people will be diabetic in 2030. T2DM is characterized by an impaired β-pancreatic cell function and insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and recently the epigenetic regulation of β-pancreatic cells differentiation has been underlined as being involved. It is currently known that several bioactive molecules, widely abundant in plants used as food or infusions, have a key role in histone modification and DNA methylation, and constituted potential epidrugs candidates against T2DM. In this sense, in this review the epigenetic mechanisms involved in T2DM and protein targets are reviewed, with special focus in studies addressing the potential use of phytochemicals as epidrugs that prevent and/or control T2DM in vivo and in vitro. As main findings, and although some controversial results have been found, bioactive molecules with epigenetic regulatory function, appear to be a potential replacement/complementary therapy of pharmacological hypoglycemic drugs, with minimal side effects. Indeed, natural epidrugs have shown to prevent or delay the T2DM development and the morbidity associated to dysfunction of blood vessels, eyes and kidneys due to sustained hyperglycemia in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo Villagran
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
- Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
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6
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Cellular Signaling and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide and Its Analog on SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176343. [PMID: 32882929 PMCID: PMC7503370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), a natural ligand for the GPR10 receptor, is a neuropeptide with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. Due to its role in the regulation of food intake, PrRP is a potential drug for obesity treatment and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, the neuroprotective effects of lipidized PrRP analogs have been proven. In this study, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of action of natural PrRP31 and its lipidized analog palm11-PrRP31 in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y to describe their cellular signaling and possible anti-apoptotic properties. PrRP31 significantly upregulated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase-protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K-PKB/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element-binding protein (ERK-CREB) signaling pathways that promote metabolic cell survival and growth. In addition, we proved via protein kinase inhibitors that activation of signaling pathways is mediated specifically by PrRP31 and its palmitoylated analog. Furthermore, the potential neuroprotective properties were studied through activation of anti-apoptotic pathways of PrRP31 and palm11-PrRP31 using the SH-SY5Y cell line and rat primary neuronal culture stressed with toxic methylglyoxal (MG). The results indicate increased viability of the cells treated with PrRP and palm11-PrRP31 and a reduced degree of apoptosis induced by MG, suggesting their potential use in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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7
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Yan F, Wang R, Li S, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Liu L, Fang J, Zhen X, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. FoxO3a suppresses neuropeptide W expression in neuronal cells and in rat hypothalamus and its implication in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2775-2787. [PMID: 33061795 PMCID: PMC7545709 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FoxO3a, a forkhead family member of transcription factors, is involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, whether FoxO3a participates in the regulation of glucocorticoids induced-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction is still unknown. Our present results indicate that dexamethasone(DEX) increased FoxO3a expression in PC12 and hypothalamic neuronal cultures in correlation to reduced expression of NPW, a process that could be blocked by GR2 antagonist. DEX restrained the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, resulting with FoxO3a nuclear localization. Overexpression of FoxO3a inhibited NPW expression, while FoxO3a knockdown by siRNA had the opposite effect. The regulatory region of NPW promoter contains multiple FoxO3a binding sites, and FoxO3a bonding to these sites inhibited its transcriptional activity. In a rat model, chronic administration of corticosterone reduced animals' body weight and sucrose consumption and caused stress- depression like behavior. Corticosterone treatment induced a marked increase in FoxO3a levels, while decreased the expression of NPW protein in the hypothalamus. Immunofluorescent double labeling demonstrated that FoxO3a and NPW were collocated in the hypothalamus. Taken together, these data indicate that NPW is a new direct downstream target gene of FoxO3a. FoxO3a suppressed the transcription of NPW and modulated glucocorticoids-induced HPA dysfunction by directly regulating the expression of NPW. Thus, present findings suggest that FoxO3a and NPW may be potential therapeutic targets for endocrine and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yan
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rikang Wang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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8
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Yan F, Liao R, Silva M, Li S, Jiang Y, Peng T, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Pristimerin-induced uveal melanoma cell death via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6208-6219. [PMID: 32347651 PMCID: PMC7294164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly invasive intraocular malignancy with high mortality. Presently, there is no FDA‐approved standard for the treatment of metastatic UM. Pristimerin is a natural quinine methide triterpenoid compound with anti‐angiogenic, anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, Pristimerin potential cytotoxic effect on UM was poorly investigated. In the present study, we found the migration and invasion of UM‐1 cells were inhibited by Pristimerin which also caused a rapid increase of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, induced the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase, ending with apoptotic cell death. Pristimerin inhibited Akt and FoxO3a phosphorylation and induced nuclear accumulation of FoxO3a in UM‐1 cells, increased the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bim、p27Kip1, cleaved caspase‐3, PARP and Bax, and decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2. LY294002 or Akt‐siRNA inhibited the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway and promoted the Pristimerin‐induced apoptosis, while Pristimerin effects were partially abolished in FoxO3a knockdown UM‐1 cell cultures. Taken together, present results showed that Pristimerin induced apoptotic cell death through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway in UM‐1 cells. These findings indicate that Pristimerin may be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for patients with UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rifang Liao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marta Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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9
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Salarinasab S, Salimi L, Alidadiani N, Shokrollahi E, Arzhanga P, Karbasforush S, Marofi F, Nasirzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Nourazarian A, Nikanfar M. Interaction of opioid with insulin/IGFs signaling in Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:819-834. [PMID: 32026387 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with biochemical and histopathological changes characterized by molecular abnormalities. Due to the lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease, many attempts have been made to find potential therapies to reduce or even return neuronal loss after disease initiation. Alzheimer's disease is also touted as type III diabetes, showing an association with insulin signaling. The large distribution of the insulin receptor on the cell surface and its regulatory role in the central nervous system suggests that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease could be ascribed to insulin signaling. The interference of opioids, such as morphine with insulin signaling pathways, is thought to occur via direct crosstalk between the signaling pathways of the insulin receptor and the mu-opioid receptor. In this review article, we discuss the possible crosstalk between the mu-opioid receptor and insulin signaling pathways. The association of these two signaling pathways with Alzheimer's disease is also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Salarinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Alidadiani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elhameh Shokrollahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhanga
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saedeh Karbasforush
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasirzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-14756, Iran.
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran.
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Signaling Network of Forkhead Family of Transcription Factors (FOXO) in Dietary Restriction. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010100. [PMID: 31906091 PMCID: PMC7016766 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), which is defined as a reduction of particular or total nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been proved to be a robust way to extend both lifespan and health-span in various species from yeast to mammal. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DR confers benefits on longevity were not yet fully elucidated. The forkhead box O transcription factors (FOXOs), identified as downstream regulators of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, control the expression of many genes regulating crucial biological processes such as metabolic homeostasis, redox balance, stress response and cell viability and proliferation. The activity of FOXOs is also mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, the FOXO-related pathways form a complex network critical for coordinating a response to environmental fluctuations in order to maintain cellular homeostasis and to support physiological aging. In this review, we will focus on the role of FOXOs in different DR interventions. As different DR regimens or calorie (energy) restriction mimetics (CRMs) can elicit both distinct and overlapped DR-related signaling pathways, the benefits of DR may be maximized by combining diverse forms of interventions. In addition, a better understanding of the precise role of FOXOs in different mechanistic aspects of DR response would provide clear cellular and molecular insights on DR-induced increase of lifespan and health-span.
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11
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Tan J, Digicaylioglu M, Wang SX, Dresselhuis J, Dedhar S, Mills J. Insulin attenuates apoptosis in neuronal cells by an integrin-linked kinase-dependent mechanism. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02294. [PMID: 31463398 PMCID: PMC6706370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin promotes neuronal survival by activating a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/AKT-dependent signaling pathway and reducing caspase activation. We investigated a role for integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in insulin-mediated cell survival in cultured neurons and differentiated R28 cells. We used a serum and depolarization withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons and a serum withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in differentiated R28 cells. ILK knock-out decreased insulin-mediated protection as did the addition of pharmacological inhibitors of ILK, KP-392 or QLT-0267. Prosurvival effects of insulin were rescued by Boc-Asp (O-methyl)-CH2F (BAF), a pancaspase inhibitor, in the presence of KP-392. Insulin and IGF-1 decreased caspase-3 activation, an effect that was inhibited by KP-392 and QLT-0267. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin-induced stimulation of AKT Ser-473 phosphorylation was decreased after the ILK gene was conditionally knocked-out, following overexpression of AKT-DN or in the presence of QLT-0267. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated ILK kinase activity in primary neurons and this was inhibited following ILK-DN overexpression. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin exposure upregulated the expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP2 in an extracellular matrix-dependent manner, an effect blocked by KP-392. These results indicate that ILK is an important effector in insulin-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tan
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murat Digicaylioglu
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Physiology, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stacy X.J. Wang
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dresselhuis
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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12
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The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2019; 6:201-223. [PMID: 32042861 PMCID: PMC6997590 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
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13
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Wang H, Su X, Fang J, Xin X, Zhao X, Gaur U, Wen Q, Xu J, Little PJ, Zheng W. Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 -Induced Cell Proliferation in PC12 Cells through the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092719. [PMID: 30213025 PMCID: PMC6165471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) facilitate tumor proliferation and progression. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) is an active diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of the herbal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. TSN inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells but its role in the IGF-1R-induced proliferation of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of TSN in PC12 cells and its role on IGF-1R signaling transduction. PC12 cells were treated with IGF-1 with or without TSN, methyl thiazolytetrazolium (MTT) assay, and cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation of PC12 cells. The role of TSN on the apoptosis of PC12 cells were detected by flow cytometry as well. The effects of TSN and IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular-signal related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and other downstream targets were analyzed by Western blotting analysis. Our results showed that IGF-1 promoted the growth of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the phosphorylation of IGF-1R, whereas TSN attenuated the effect of IGF-1. Interestingly, TSN did not induce cell apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, TSN attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 induced by IGF-1, and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) and c-Raf were also inhibited by TSN. Furthermore, TSN inhibited cell growth induced by IGF-1 and blocked the activation of IGF-1R in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, TSN has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of PC12 cells via down-regulation of the phosphorylated IGF-1R and its downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xingan Xin
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.S.).
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
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14
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Kolisnyk B, Al-Onaizi M, Soreq L, Barbash S, Bekenstein U, Haberman N, Hanin G, Kish MT, Souza da Silva J, Fahnestock M, Ule J, Soreq H, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Cholinergic Surveillance over Hippocampal RNA Metabolism and Alzheimer's-Like Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3553-3567. [PMID: 27312991 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between long-term cholinergic dysfunction and risk of developing dementia is poorly understood. Here we used mice with deletion of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the forebrain to model cholinergic abnormalities observed in dementia. Whole-genome RNA sequencing of hippocampal samples revealed that cholinergic failure causes changes in RNA metabolism. Remarkably, key transcripts related to Alzheimer's disease are affected. BACE1, for instance, shows abnormal splicing caused by decreased expression of the splicing regulator hnRNPA2/B1. Resulting BACE1 overexpression leads to increased APP processing and accumulation of soluble Aβ1-42. This is accompanied by age-related increases in GSK3 activation, tau hyperphosphorylation, caspase-3 activation, decreased synaptic markers, increased neuronal death, and deteriorating cognition. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 hyperactivation reversed deficits in synaptic markers and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by cholinergic dysfunction, indicating a key role for GSK3 in some of these pathological changes. Interestingly, in human brains there was a high correlation between decreased levels of VAChT and hnRNPA2/B1 levels with increased tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that changes in RNA processing caused by cholinergic loss can facilitate Alzheimer's-like pathology in mice, providing a mechanism by which decreased cholinergic tone may increase risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Lilach Soreq
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Shahar Barbash
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uriya Bekenstein
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nejc Haberman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Geula Hanin
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maxine T Kish
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
| | | | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaL8S 4K1
| | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Edmond J Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
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15
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Liao R, Yan F, Zeng Z, Wang H, Qiu K, Xu J, Zheng W. Insulin-like growth factor-1 activates PI3K/Akt signalling to protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from amiodarone-induced oxidative injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:125-139. [PMID: 29057462 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amiodarone is one of the most effective anti-arrhythmic drugs available, but its clinical applications are limited by toxic side effects including optic toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of amiodarone on D407 cells (a human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell line) and the mechanisms of the protective effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The involvement of the kinases, Akt and ERK, was analysed by Western blot. Intracellular accumulation of ROS was measured using fluorophotometric quantification. A pharmacological approach with inhibitors was used to investigate the pathways involved in the protective action of IGF-1. KEY RESULTS Amiodarone concentration-dependently augmented the production of ROS, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in D407 cells. IGF-1 time- and concentration-dependently reversed these effects of amiodarone and protected D407 cells from amiodarone-mediated toxicity. Amiodarone inhibited the pAkt but not pErk, and IGF-1 reversed this inhibitory effect of amiodarone. However, IGF-1 failed to suppress amiodarone-induced cytotoxicity in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 suggesting the direct involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, in vivo rat flash electroretinogram (FERG) recordings showed that IGF-1 reverses the amiodarone-induced decrease in a- and b-waves. The immunocytochemistry findings confirmed that vitreous IGF-1 injections promote the survival of RPE cells in rat retina treated with amiodarone. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS IGF-1 can protect RPE cells from amiodarone-mediated injury via the PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo and in vitro. IGF-1 has potential as a protective drug for the prevention and treatment of amiodarone-induced optic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifang Liao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and UM Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital and the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and UM Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital and the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanping Zeng
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and UM Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital and the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and UM Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, and UM Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital and the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Hadem IKH, Sharma R. Differential Regulation of Hippocampal IGF-1-Associated Signaling Proteins by Dietary Restriction in Aging Mouse. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:985-993. [PMID: 27718093 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent alterations in several biological processes of an organism may be characterized as aging. One of the effects of aging is the decline in cognitive functions. Dietary restriction (DR), an intervention where the consumption of food is lessened but without malnutrition, is a well-established mechanism that has a wide range of important outcomes including improved health span, delayed aging, and extension of lifespan of various species. It also plays a beneficial role in protecting against age-dependent deterioration of cognitive functions, and has neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular and tissue functions, and relating to the aging process the most important pathway of IGF-1 is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) signaling cascade. Although many have studied the changes in the level of IGF-1 and its effect on neural proliferation, the downstream signaling proteins have not been fully elucidated. Hence in the present investigation, the IGF-1 gene expression and the normal endogenous levels of IGF1R (IGF-1 receptor), PI3K, Akt, pAkt, and pFoxO in the hippocampus of young, adult, and old mice were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. The effects of DR on these protein levels were also studied. Results showed a decrease in the levels of IGF-1, IGF1R, PI3K, and pAkt, while pFoxO level increased with respect to age. Under DR, these protein levels are maintained in adult mice, but old mice displayed diminished expression levels of these proteins as compared to ad libitum-fed mice. Maintenance of PI3K/Akt pathway results in the phosphorylation of FoxOs, necessary for the enhancement of neural proliferation and survival in adult mice. The down-regulation of IGF-I signaling, as observed in old mice, leads to increasing the activity of FoxO factors that may be important for the neuroprotective effects seen with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793 022, India.
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17
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H 2O 2 attenuates IGF-1R tyrosine phosphorylation and its survival signaling properties in neuronal cells via NR2B containing NMDA receptor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65313-65328. [PMID: 29029433 PMCID: PMC5630333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling plays an important role in the development of neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the effect of H2O2 on the survival signaling of IGF-1 and its underlying mechanisms in human neuronal cells SH-SY5Y. Our results showed that IGF-1 promoted cell survival and stimulated phosphorylation of IGF-1R as well as its downstream targets like AKT and ERK1/2 in these cells. Meanwhile, these effects of IGF-1 were abolished by H2O2 at 200μM concentration which did not cause any significant toxicity to cells itself in our experiments. Moreover, studies using various glutamate receptor subtype antagonists displayed that N-methyl-D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) blocked the effects of H2O2, whereas other glutamate receptor subtype antagonists, such as non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), metabolic glutamate receptor antagonists LY341495 and CPCCOEt, had no effect. Further studies revealed that NR2B-containing NMDARs are responsible for these effects as its effects were blocked by pharmacological inhibitor Ro25-698 or specific siRNA for NR2B, but not NR2A. Finally, our data also showed that Ca2+ influx contributes to the effects of H2O2. Similar results were obtained in primary cultured cortical neurons. Taken together, the results from the present study suggested that H2O2 attenuated IGF-1R tyrosine phosphorylation and its survival signaling properties via NR2B containing NMDA receptors and Ca2+ influx in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, NMDAR antagonists, especially NR2B-selective ones, combined with IGF-1 may serve as an alternative therapeutic agent for oxidative stress related neurodegenerative disease.
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18
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Dean M, Lassak A, Wilk A, Zapata A, Marrero L, Molina P, Reiss K. Acute Ethanol Increases IGF-I-Induced Phosphorylation of ERKs by Enhancing Recruitment of p52-Shc to the Grb2/Shc Complex. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1275-1286. [PMID: 27607558 PMCID: PMC5381968 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol plays a detrimental role in the development of the brain. Multiple studies have shown that ethanol inhibits insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) function. Because the IGF-IR contributes to brain development by supporting neural growth, survival, and differentiation, we sought to determine the molecular mechanism(s) involved in ethanol's effects on this membrane-associated tyrosine kinase. Using multiple neuronal cell types, we performed Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and GST-pulldowns following acute (1-24 h) or chronic (3 weeks) treatment with ethanol. Surprisingly, exposure of multiple neuronal cell types to acute (up to 24 h) ethanol (50 mM) enhanced IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs), without affecting IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation itself, or Akt phosphorylation. This acute increase in ERKs phosphorylation was followed by the expected inhibition of the IGF-IR signaling following 3-week ethanol exposure. We then expressed a GFP-tagged IGF-IR construct in PC12 cells and used them to perform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis. Using these fluorescently labeled cells, we determined that 50 mM ethanol decreased the half-time of the IGF-IR-associated FRAP, which implied that cell membrane-associated signaling events could be affected. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pulldown studies demonstrated that the acute ethanol exposure increased the recruitment of p52-Shc to the Grb2-Shc complex, which is known to engage the Ras-Raf-ERKs pathway following IGF-1 stimulation. These experiments indicate that even a short and low-dose exposure to ethanol may dysregulate function of the receptor, which plays a critical role in brain development. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1275-1286, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dean
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, LSU Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112
- Department of Genetics, LSU Health New Orleans
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Anna Wilk
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, 36604
| | | | - Luis Marrero
- Morphology and Imaging Core, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Patricia Molina
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, LSU Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112
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19
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Ikubo K, Yamanishi K, Doe N, Hashimoto T, Sumida M, Watanabe Y, El-Darawish Y, Li W, Okamura H, Yamanishi H, Matsunaga H. Molecular analysis of the mouse brain exposed to chronic mild stress: The influence of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α on physiological homeostasis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:301-309. [PMID: 28498421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent disorder that causes considerable disability in social functioning and is a risk factor for physical diseases. Recent clinical reports have demonstrated a marked association between MDD and physiological dyshomeostasis induced by metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hormone abnormalities and autoimmune diseases. The authors of the present study have previously analyzed comparative gene expression profiles in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of MDD. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α) was identified as a central regulator that exerted significant influence on genes associated with physiological homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate: i) the molecular mechanism of the depressive state in the PFC, and ii) the involvement of genes extracted from the comparative gene expression profiles, particularly those applicable to MDD in clinical practice. Core analysis of the previous PFC microarray results was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Subsequently, IPA was used to search for molecules that are regulated by Hnf4α, and exist in the PFC and serum. From the core analysis, 5 genes that are associated with cell death and are expressed in the cortex were selected. Four of the extracted genes, insulin‑like growth factor 1, transthyretin, serpin family A member 3 and plasminogen, were markedly affected by Hnf4α. S100 calcium‑binding protein A9 (S100a9) and α2-HS-glycoprotein (Ahsg) were also chosen as they exist in serum and are also affected by Hnf4α. A significant group difference in the expression of these two genes was detected in the PFC, thalamus and hippocampus. The protein levels of AHSG and S100A9 in the PFC and hippocampus of the CMS group increased significantly when compared with the control group. These findings support the close association of Hnf4α (through genes such as S100a9 and Ahsg) with the development of various diseases induced by deregulation of physiological homeostasis during the progression of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Ikubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Doe
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and CNS Repair, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Miho Sumida
- Department of Psychology, Hyōgo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyōgo 650‑8530, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑0122, Japan
| | - Yosif El-Darawish
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamanishi
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑0122, Japan
| | - Hisato Matsunaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyōgo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo 663‑8501, Japan
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20
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Zheng W, Meng Q, Wang H, Yan F, Little PJ, Deng X, Lin S. IGF-1-Mediated Survival from Induced Death of Human Primary Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by an Akt-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1915-1927. [PMID: 28238097 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the human retinal pigmented epithelium (hRPE) is involved in several eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, we investigated the protective effect of IGF-1 on human primary cultured RPE cells and its underlying mechanism. IGF-1 dose- and time-dependently promoted the survival of RPE cells from serum deprivation. Western blot showed that IGF-1 stimulated the activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways in hRPE. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by the PI3K-specific inhibitor, LY294002 or inhibition of Akt by Akt-specific inhibitors Akt inhibitor VIII or SN-38, or downregulation Akt with siRNA specific for Akt blocked the effect of IGF-1 on hRPE. In contrast, blockade of the MAPK pathway with a specific inhibitor PD98059 had no effect. Interestingly, vitreous IGF-1 injection reversed the inhibitory effect of light exposure (a dry AMD model) on both a wave and b wave. Immunocytochemistry showed that vitreous IGF-1 injections promoted the survival of RPE cells in rat retina and the expression of RPE65 in RPE cells from light injury. These results indicate that IGF-1 is able to protect hRPE cell from different insults in vivo and in vitro. Further detailed studies may lead the way to a therapeutic intervention for retinal diseases in which cell death is an underlying contributory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Meng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Xinguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Lv LJ, Li J, Qiao HB, Nie BJ, Lu P, Xue F, Zhang ZM. Overexpression of GRP75 inhibits inflammation in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1368-1372. [PMID: 28098881 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose‑regulated protein 75 (GRP75) is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and previous studies have demonstrated that GRP75 is involved in diseases of the central nervous system. However, the biological function of GRP75 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains to be clarified. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GRP75 in a rat model of ICH. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of GRP75, active caspase‑3, Bax, Bcl‑2, p‑Akt and Akt in brain tissues following ICH. The levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) and interleukin (IL)‑1β were evaluated using ELISA assay. Expression of GRP75 mRNA and protein was demonstrated to be reduced in the brain tissues of rats with ICH compared with sham‑operated rats. In addition, overexpression of GRP75 in brain tissues with ICH significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF‑α and IL-1β and increased Bcl‑2/decreased Bax levels compared with ICH alone. Furthermore, overexpression of GRP75 in brain tissues with ICH resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt compared with ICH alone. Therefore, the present study demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, significantly reduced GRP75 expression in brain tissues following ICH, and that overexpression of GRP75 inhibits inflammation and potentially inhibits neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of ICH. GRP75 may, therefore, represent a promising target in the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Jie Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Jin Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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22
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de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Lopim GM, Vannucci Campos D, Fernandes J, Cabral FR, Arida RM. Resistance Exercise Reduces Seizure Occurrence, Attenuates Memory Deficits and Restores BDNF Signaling in Rats with Chronic Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1230-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Elucidating the role of the FoxO3a transcription factor in the IGF-1-induced migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1538-1550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Amiodarone-Induced Retinal Neuronal Cell Apoptosis Attenuated by IGF-1 via Counter Regulation of the PI3k/Akt/FoxO3a Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6931-6943. [PMID: 27774572 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone (AM) is the most effective antiarrhythmic agent currently available. However, clinical application of AM is limited by its serious toxic adverse effects including optic neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of AM and to assess if insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could protect retinal neuronal cells from AM-induced apoptosis, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects. Accordingly, the phosphorylation/activation of Akt and FoxO3a were analyzed by Western blot while the possible pathways involved in the protection of IGF-1 were investigated by application of various pathway inhibitors. The full electroretinogram (FERG) was used to evaluate in vivo effect of AM and IGF-1 on rat retinal physiological functions. Our results showed that AM concentration dependently caused an apoptosis of RGC-5 cells, while IGF-1 protected RGC-5 cells against this effect by AM. The protective effect of IGF-1 was reversed by PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin as well as the Akt inhibitor VIII. AM decreased p-Akt and p-FoxO3a while increased the nuclear localization of FoxO3a in the RGC-5 cells. IGF-1 reversed the effect of AM on the p-Akt and p-FoxO3a and the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a. Similar results were obtained in primary cultured retinal ganglia cells. Furthermore, FERG in vivo recording in rats showed that AM decreased a-wave and b-wave of FERG while IGF-1 reversed the effects of AM. These data show that AM induced apoptosis of retinal neuronal cells via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway while IGF-1 protected RGC-5 cells against AM-induced cell apoptosis by stimulating this pathway.
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Kong D, Gong L, Arnold E, Shanmugam S, Fort PE, Gardner TW, Abcouwer SF. Insulin-like growth factor 1 rescues R28 retinal neurons from apoptotic death through ERK-mediated BimEL phosphorylation independent of Akt. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:82-95. [PMID: 27511131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can provide long-term neurotrophic support by activation of Akt, inhibition of FoxO nuclear localization and suppression of Bim gene transcription in multiple neuronal systems. However, MEK/ERK activation can also promote neuron survival through phosphorylation of BimEL. We explored the contribution of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO and MEK/ERK/BimEL pathways in IGF-1 stimulated survival after serum deprivation (SD) of R28 cells differentiated to model retinal neurons. IGF-1 caused rapid activation of Akt leading to FoxO1/3-T32/T24 phosphorylation, and prevented FoxO1/3 nuclear translocation and Bim mRNA upregulation in response to SD. IGF-1 also caused MAPK/MEK pathway activation as indicated by ERK1/2-T202/Y204 and Bim-S65 phosphorylation. Overexpression of FoxO1 increased Bim mRNA expression and amplified the apoptotic response to SD without shifting the serum response curve. Inhibition of Akt activation with LY294002 or by Rictor knockdown did not block the protective effect of IGF-1, while inhibition of MEK activity with PD98059 prevented Bim phosphorylation and blocked IGF-1 protection. In addition, knockdown of Bim expression was protective during SD, while co-silencing of FoxO1 and Fox03 expression had little effect. Thus, the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway was not essential for protection from SD-induced apoptosis by IGF-1 in R28 cells. Instead, IGF-1 protection was dependent on activation of the MEK/ERK pathway leading to BimEL phosphorylation, which is known to prevent Bax/Bak oligomerization and activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These studies demonstrate the requirement of the MEK/ERK pathway in a model of retinal neuron cell survival and highlight the cell specificity for IGF-1 signaling in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lijie Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edith Arnold
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sumathi Shanmugam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Involvement of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a and PKA/CREB Signaling Pathways in the Protective Effect of Fluoxetine Against Corticosterone-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:567-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zeng Z, Wang X, Bhardwaj SK, Zhou X, Little PJ, Quirion R, Srivastava LK, Zheng W. The Atypical Antipsychotic Agent, Clozapine, Protects Against Corticosterone-Induced Death of PC12 Cells by Regulating the Akt/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3395-3406. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Zatorski H, Marynowski M, Fichna J. Is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system an attractive target inflammatory bowel diseases? Benefits and limitation of potential therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:809-15. [PMID: 27117379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with unknown etiology, whose incidence dramatically increased over the past 50 years. Currently available strategies for IBD treatment, such as biological therapies, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents are effective, but their side effects and economic costs cannot be ignored. Better understanding of IBD etiology and new therapeutics are thus needed. The aim of this paper is to briefly discuss IGF-1 dependent functions, with particular focus on IGF-1 use in IBD therapy. Data collection was based on records found in medical literature. Data analysis included records published between 1984 and 2014. The IGF-1 system is involved in major physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and metabolism, and growth promotion. Most importantly IGF-1 has anti-inflammatory properties and its use in IBD treatment can be recommended. However, potential IGF-1 therapy has some limitations, which include aggravation of fibrosis in Crohn's patients and facilitated transformation to malignancy. Taken into consideration their possible side effects, IGF-1 analogs and recombinants are nonetheless a promising target for IBD therapy for a specific group of patients. Further studies, at the clinical level are thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Zatorski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marynowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
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Genipin Derivatives Protect RGC-5 from Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010117. [PMID: 26797604 PMCID: PMC4730358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CHR20 and CHR21 are a pair of stable diastereoisomers derived from genipin. These stereoisomers are activators of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In the rat retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cell model these compounds are non-toxic. Treatment of RGC-5 with 750 μM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) produces nitrosative stress. Both genipin derivatives, however, protect these cells against SNP-induced apoptic cell death, although CHR21 is significantly more potent than CHR20 in this regard. With Western blotting we showed that the observed neuroprotection is primarily due to the activation of protein kinase B (Akt)/eNOS and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Therefore, LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor) or PD98059 (a MAPK-activating enzyme inhibitor) abrogated the protective effects of CHR20 and CHR21. Altogether, our results show that in our experimental setup neuroprotection by the diasteromeric pair is mediated through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to establish the potential of these compounds to prevent ntric oxide (NO)-induced toxicity commonly seen in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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30
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Wang R, Peng L, Zhao J, Zhang L, Guo C, Zheng W, Chen H. Gardenamide A Protects RGC-5 Cells from H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress Insults by Activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22350-67. [PMID: 26389892 PMCID: PMC4613312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenamide A (GA) protects the rat retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells against cell apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. The protective effect of GA was completely abrogated by the specific phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, and the specific protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor Akt VIII respectively, indicating that the protective mechanism of GA is mediated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 could not block the neuroprotection of GA. GA attenuated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by H₂O₂. Western blotting showed that GA promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively, and effectively reversed the H₂O₂-inhibited phosphorylation of these three proteins. LY294002 completely inhibited the GA-activated phosphorylation of Akt, while only partially inhibiting eNOS. This evidence implies that eNOS may be activated directly by GA. PD98059 attenuated only partially the GA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 with/without the presence of H₂O₂, indicating that GA may activate ERK1/2 directly. All these results put together confirm that GA protects RGC-5 cells from H₂O₂ insults via the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Whether the ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Lizhi Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Laitao Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macao, Macao, China.
| | - Heru Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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31
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Thomas J, Garg ML, Smith DW. Effects of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hippocampal gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetic C57Bl/6 mice. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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32
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Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling protects against cocaine-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:178-87. [PMID: 25933444 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is an addictive substance with a potential to cause deleterious effects in the brain. The strategies for treating its neurotoxicity, however, are limited. Evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system exerts neuroprotective functions against various stimuli. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the main enzyme responsible for terminating the actions of the endocannabinoid anandamide, reduces seizures and cell death in the hippocampus in a model of cocaine intoxication. Male Swiss mice received injections of endocannabinoid-related compounds followed by the lowest dose of cocaine that induces seizures, electroencephalographic activity and cell death in the hippocampus. The molecular mechanisms were studied in primary cell culture of this structure. The FAAH inhibitor, URB597, reduced cocaine-induced seizures and epileptiform electroencephalographic activity. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor selective agonist, ACEA, mimicked these effects, whereas the antagonist, AM251, prevented them. URB597 also inhibited cocaine-induced activation and death of hippocampal neurons, both in animals and in primary cell culture. Finally, we investigated if the PI3K/Akt/ERK intracellular pathway, a cell surviving mechanism coupled to CB1 receptor, mediated these neuroprotective effects. Accordingly, URB597 injection increased ERK and Akt phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of this compound was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. In conclusion, the pharmacological facilitation of the anandamide/CB1/PI3K signaling protects the brain against cocaine intoxication in experimental models. This strategy may be further explored in the development of treatments for drug-induced neurotoxicity.
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33
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Hu W, Li M, Hu R, Li T, Meng X. microRNA-18b modulates insulin-like growth factor-1 expression in deer antler cell proliferation by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:282-9. [PMID: 25756952 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a multipromoter gene that has complex biological functions and plays an important role in Chinese sika deer antler cell differentiation and proliferation. microRNAs and their roles in deer antler growth have attracted much attention. In the present study, to investigate the effect of microRNAs on the regulation of IGF-1 during the rapid growth of antlers, miRNA GeneChip analysis and TargetScan Human software were used to screen microRNAs that bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of IGF-1. The results indicated that a significantly differential expression of miR-18b was observed in cartilage and mesenchymal of antler tip tissue and the presence of miR-18b-binding sites within the IGF-1 3'UTR. A miR-18b mimic was then transfected into antler cartilage cells to overexpress miR-18b and the expression levels were quantified by real-time PCR. Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of miR-18b in transfected cells was significantly increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). Dual luciferase assays revealed that miR-18b decreased the fluorescence value of the luciferase reporter gene in the group transfected with the wild-type vector of IGF-1 3'UTR. In contrast, the relative luciferase activity in the group transfected with the mutant vector of IGF-1 3'UTR did not change obviously. MTT assays and cell cycle analyses confirmed that overexpression of the miR-18b mimic inhibited the proliferation of cartilage cells. In contrast, transfection of a miR-18b inhibitor increased the cell proliferation rate. Furthermore, Western blot analyses revealed that overexpression of miR-18b mimics downregulated the protein levels of IGF-1, while IGF-1 expression increased after transfection of miR-18b inhibitors. Taken together, our findings show that miR-18b is a potentially novel target in deer antler cell proliferation. miR-18b may modulate IGF-1 expression of sika deer antler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agriculture University , Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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34
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Wang R, Yang J, Peng L, Zhao J, Mu N, Huang J, Lazarovici P, Chen H, Zheng W. Gardenamide A attenuated cell apoptosis induced by serum deprivation insult via the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2015; 286:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Scola G, Andreazza AC. The role of neurotrophins in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:122-8. [PMID: 25193130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness of which the pathophysiology remains partially unknown. Abnormalities of neurotrophins and other trophic factors orchestrate important alterations which could be implicated in the etiology of BD. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to examine the recent findings and critically evaluate the potential role of neurotrophins that may allow us to substantially improve the development of novel treatments. The most recently published findings highlight that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present distinct patterns in the different stages of BD, suggesting their potential in the identification of the BD subgroups and may ultimately advance treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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36
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Wang H, Liao S, Geng R, Zheng Y, Liao R, Yan F, Thrimawithana T, Little PJ, Feng ZP, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. IGF-1 signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway confers neuroprotection in human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to sodium nitroprusside insult. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:931-40. [PMID: 25339505 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathological increase in the levels of the second messenger nitric oxide (NO) in the vitreous cavity and retina leads to injury and cell death of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and eventually may contribute to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we developed a cellular model of retinopathy using D407 cells (a human RPE cell line) exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and investigated the protective effect of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) towards this insult. Cell death and apoptosis were examined by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Specific inhibitors were used and phosphorylation of relevant signaling proteins was determined by Western blotting. SNP, in a concentration-dependent fashion, increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation process causing cell death by apoptosis of D407 cells. IGF-1, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, conferred protection towards SNP-mediated insult. Both phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were activated by IGF-1 in relation to the protective effect. Blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway abolished the protective effect of IGF-1 whereas inhibition of the MAPK pathway was ineffective. SNP decreased the phosphorylation of Akt in the cells while IGF-1 reversed this inhibitory effect. These results indicate that the protective effect of IGF-1 on D407 exposed to SNP insult is mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. This proposal may be exploited in the clinic to improve the viability of insulted retinal cells for maintaining physiological vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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The nerve growth factor signaling and its potential as therapeutic target for glaucoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:759473. [PMID: 25250333 PMCID: PMC4164261 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective therapies which focus on factors leading to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degeneration have been drawing more and more attention. The beneficial effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the glaucoma have been recently suggested, but its effects on eye tissue are complex and controversial in various studies. Recent clinical trials of systemically and topically administrated NGF demonstrate that NGF is effective in treating several ocular diseases, including glaucoma. NGF has two receptors named high affinity NGF tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA and low affinity receptor p75NTR. Both receptors exist in cells in retina like RGC (expressing TrkA) and glia cells (expressing p75NTR). NGF functions by binding to TrkA or p75NTR alone or both together. The binding of NGF to TrkA alone in RGC promotes RGC's survival and proliferation through activation of TrkA and several prosurvival pathways. In contrast, the binding of NGF to p75NTR leads to apoptosis although it also promotes survival in some cases. Binding of NGF to both TrkA and p75NTR at the same time leads to survival in which p75NTR functions as a TrkA helping receptor. This review discusses the current understanding of the NGF signaling in retina and the therapeutic implications in the treatment of glaucoma.
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38
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Activation of IGF-1 and Insulin Signaling Pathways Ameliorate Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism in Huntington’s Disease Human Lymphoblasts. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:331-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Wahane SD, Hellbach N, Prentzell MT, Weise SC, Vezzali R, Kreutz C, Timmer J, Krieglstein K, Thedieck K, Vogel T. PI3K-p110-alpha-subtype signalling mediates survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of cortical progenitor cells via activation of mTORC2. J Neurochem 2014; 130:255-67. [PMID: 24645666 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex is controlled by growth factors among which transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) have a central role. The TGFβ- and IGF1-pathways cross-talk and share signalling molecules, but in the central nervous system putative points of intersection remain unknown. We studied the biological effects and down-stream molecules of TGFβ and IGF1 in cells derived from the mouse cerebral cortex at two developmental time points, E13.5 and E16.5. IGF1 induces PI3K, AKT and the mammalian target of rapamycin complexes (mTORC1/mTORC2) primarily in E13.5-derived cells, resulting in proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation, but has small impact on E16.5-derived cells. TGFβ has little effect at E13.5. It does not activate the PI3K- and mTOR-signalling network directly, but requires its activity to mediate neuronal differentiation specifically at E16.5. Our data indicate a central role of mTORC2 in survival, proliferation as well as neuronal differentiation of E16.5-derived cortical cells. mTORC2 promotes these cellular processes and is under control of PI3K-p110-alpha signalling. PI3K-p110-beta signalling activates mTORC2 in E16.5-derived cells but it does not influence cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. This finding indicates that different mTORC2 subtypes may be implicated in cortical development and that these subtypes are under control of different PI3K isoforms. Within developing cortical cells TGFβ- and IGF-signalling activities are timely separated. TGFβ dominates in E16.5-derived cells and drives neuronal differentiation. IGF influences survival, proliferation and neuronal differentiation in E13.5-derived cells. mTORC2-signalling in E16.5-derived cells influences survival, proliferation and differentiation, activated through PI3K-p110-alpha. PI3K-p110-beta-signalling activates a different mTORC2. Both PI3K/mTORC2-signalling pathways are required but not directly activated in TGFβ-mediated neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Dhanraj Wahane
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Lithium normalizes amphetamine-induced changes in striatal FoxO1 phosphorylation and behaviors in rats. Neuroreport 2014; 24:560-5. [PMID: 23652158 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283623725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the psychostimulant drug amphetamine (AMPH) to animals causes hyperactivity and deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, behaviors that are often observed in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Enhanced central dopamine (DA) transmission is believed to mediate AMPH-induced behavioral alterations. Lithium, a drug used primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder, is reported to interact with the DA system and antagonize some DA-related behaviors. Here, we provide evidence that AMPH and lithium reciprocally regulate the activity of the transcription factor forkhead box, class O1 (FoxO1), a downstream target of Akt. Administration of d-AMPH (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a concomitant decrease in levels of phosphorylated (p) Akt as well as p-FoxO1 in the striatum, whereas lithium chloride (LiCl,100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) exerted the opposite effect, that is, it increased levels of p-Akt and p-FoxO1. Pretreatment of animals with lithium prevented an AMPH-induced decrease in striatal p-Akt and p-FoxO1 levels. Pretreatment of animals with lithium also attenuated AMPH-induced locomotor activity and decreased prepulse inhibition. These in-vivo data suggest that the Akt-FoxO1 pathway may be a common target for the action of dopaminergic and antidopaminergic drugs, and its modulation may be relevant to the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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The role of Akt/FoxO3a in the protective effect of venlafaxine against corticosterone-induced cell death in PC12 cells. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:129-41. [PMID: 23494228 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antidepressants could exert neuroprotective effects against various insults and the antidepressant-like effect may result from its neuroprotective effects. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/Forkhead box O3 (PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a) pathway is a key signaling pathway in mediating cell survival. However, no information is available regarding the interaction of FoxO3a and antidepressants. OBJECTIVES PC12 cells treated with corticosterone were used as a model to study the protective effect of venlafaxine and underlying mechanisms. METHODS Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Hoechst staining, and the observation of FoxO3a subcellular location were used to study the protective effect of venlafaxine against cell damage caused by corticosterone. Pretreatments with various pathway inhibitors were used to investigate the possible pathways involved in the protection of venlafaxine. The phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Corticosterone decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a and led to the nuclear localization of FoxO3a and the apoptosis of PC12 cells. Venlafaxine concentration-dependently protected PC12 cells against corticosterone. The protective effect of venlafaxine was reversed by LY294002 and wortmannin, two PI3K inhibitors, and Akt inhibitor VIII, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK kinase) inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor PD160316 had no effect. Western blot analyses showed that venlafaxine induced the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a by the PI3K/Akt pathway and reversed the reduction of the phosphorylated Akt and FoxO3a, and the nuclear translocation of Foxo3a induced by corticosterone. CONCLUSIONS Venlafaxine protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced cell death by modulating the activity of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
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Hydrogen peroxide attenuates the prosurvival signaling of insulin-like growth factor-1 through two pathways. Neuroreport 2013; 23:768-73. [PMID: 22797316 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e328356f78a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been well established that oxidative stress triggering a variety of signaling pathways leads to cell death, little attention has been paid to how these pathways affect prosurvival factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). In this study, we found that the prosurvival signaling of IGF-1 was attenuated by H₂O₂. To study the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, cells pretreated with Trolox or various glutamate receptor antagonists [i.e. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), metabolic glutamate receptor antagonists LY341495 and CPCCOEt] were exposed to H₂O₂, and then stimulated by IGF-1. The phosphorylation statuses of IGF-1 receptors, Akt and ERK, were determined by western blotting, and cell viability was analyzed by an MTT assay. IGF-1 exerted a potent neuroprotective effect against B27 deprivation, and this effect was abolished by 100 μM H₂O₂. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors, Akt and ERK, was attenuated. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Akt was more susceptible to H₂O₂ insult than IGF-1 receptors. MK-801 increased the phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors and its downstream target Akt, and thereby promoted cell survival, whereas the other glutamate receptor antagonists exerted no effect. Antioxidant Trolox did not restore IGF-1 signaling, but it increased Akt phosphorylation and also increased cell viability. These results showed that H₂O₂ impaired IGF-1 prosurvival signaling through two pathways. One pathway disrupted the autophosphorylation of IGF-1 receptors through NMDA receptors and the other directly dephosphorylated Akt.
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Sun C, Meng Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Quirion R, Zheng W. Glutamate attenuates IGF-1 receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse brain: Possible significance in ischemic brain damage. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang H, Duan X, Ren Y, Liu Y, Huang M, Liu P, Wang R, Gao G, Zhou L, Feng Z, Zheng W. FoxO3a Negatively Regulates Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neuronal Differentiation Through Inhibiting the Expression of Neurochondrin in PC12 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:24-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yang H, Wu D, Zhang X, Wang X, Peng Y, Hu Z. Telencephalin protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by activating the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:2189-98. [PMID: 25538739 PMCID: PMC4268718 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.028.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telencephalin is a neural glycoprotein that reduces apoptosis induced by amyloid beta protein in the human neural tumor cell line PAJU. In this study, we examined the role of the ezrin/radixin/moesin protein family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in this process. Western blot analysis demonstrated that telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B were not expressed in PAJU cells transfected with empty plasmid, while they were expressed in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid. After treatment with 1.0 nM amyloid beta protein 42, expression of telencephalin and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B in the transfected cells gradually diminished, while levels of phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin increased. In addition, the high levels of telencephalin, phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B expression in PAJU cells transfected with a telencephalin expression plasmid could be suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. These findings indicate that telencephalin activates the ezrin/radixin/moesin family/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and protects PAJU cells from amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shangrao No. 5 People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Shangrao 334000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Chen WL, Chen YL, Chiang YM, Wang SG, Lee HM. Fenofibrate lowers lipid accumulation in myotubes by modulating the PPARα/AMPK/FoxO1/ATGL pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:522-31. [PMID: 22687626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a fibric acid derivative, is known to possess lipid-lowering effects. Although fenofibrate may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and regulate the transcription of several genes, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that incubation of C2C12 myotubes with fenofibrate increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression and suppressed fatty acid synthase (FAS) level, thereby decreasing intracellular triglyceride accumulation when cells were incubated at high-glucose condition. Fenofibrate increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently increased fatty acid β-oxidation. AMPK phosphorylation was reduced by pretreatment with GW9662 (a PPARα inhibitor), suggesting that AMPK may be a downstream effector of PPARα. Pretreatment with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or GW9662 blocked fenofibrate-induced ATGL expression and the lipid-lowering effect. Our results suggest that AMPK is as an upstream regulator of ATGL. With further exploration, we demonstrated that fenofibrate stimulated FoxO1 translocation from the cytosol to nuclei by immunefluorescence assay, chromatin immuneprecipitation assay, and reporter assay. Furthermore, oral administration of fenofibrate ameliorated the body weight, visceral fat and serum biochemical indexes in db/db mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the lipid-lowering effect of fenofibrate was achieved by activating PPARα and AMPK signaling pathway that resulted in increasing ATGL expression, lipolysis, and fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces the phosphorylation of PRAS40 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:105-9. [PMID: 22490886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide tropic factor that plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that IGF-1 promotes neuronal cell survival via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40) is a recently discovered downstream target of Akt. However, the relationship between IGF-1 and PRAS40 is not known. In this study, we characterized the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 in PC12 cells and explored the signaling pathway responsible for the effect of IGF-1. IGF-1 induced the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr473 and PRAS40 at Thr246 in PC12 cells. The phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 (100ng/ml) was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) specific inhibitor LY294002 (50μM), while no inhibitory effect was observed for a MAPK kinase pathway specific inhibitor PD98059 nor a p38 MAPK inhibitor PD169316, suggesting that the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 is mediated by the PI3K pathway in PC12 cells and primary cultured neurons. In further support this hypothesis, an Akt kinase specific inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, attenuated IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40 at the concentration that blocked the phosphorylation of Akt induced by IGF-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IGF-1 stimulates the phosphorylation of PRAS40 at Thr246 in neuronal cells and the effect of IGF-1 is mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Wen Q, Wang H, Little PJ, Quirion R, Zheng W. Forkhead family transcription factor FoxO and neural differentiation. Neurogenetics 2012; 13:105-13. [PMID: 22453702 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-012-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Forkhead Box subgroup O (FoxO) transcription factor family is one of the most important downstream targets of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway playing an important role in many biological functions including transcriptional regulation of cellular differentiation. Neuronal differentiation is a complex process which involves many signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that the FoxO family is involved in a number of signaling pathways regulating cell differentiation. The actions occur at different stages in the differentiation process and by differing mechanisms. This review will focus on FoxO as a novel transcription factor in neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wen
- Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Cheng H, Wang K, Wen T. Different effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors nicotinamide and trichostatin A (TSA) in C17.2 neural stem cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1307-15. [PMID: 22407380 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are involved in proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, mRNA transcription, and protein expression in various cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such functions is still not fully clear. In this study, we used C17.2 neural stem cell (NSC) line as a model to evaluate the effects of nicotinamide and trichostatin A (TSA) on cell characteristics. Results show that nicotinamide and TSA greatly inhibit cell growth, lead to cell morphology changes, and effectively induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analyses confirmed that nicotinamide significantly decreases the expression of bcl-2 and p38. Further insight into the molecular mechanisms shows the suppression of phosphorylation in eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) by nicotinamide, whereas, an increased expression of bcl-2 and p38 and phosphorylation of 4EBP1 by TSA. However, both nicotinamide and TSA significantly increase the expression of cytochrome c (cyt c). These results strongly suggest that bcl-2, p38, cyt c, and p-4EBP1 could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of C17.2 NSCs mediated by histone deacetylase inhibitors, nicotinamide and TSA, involving different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is an essential regulator of prostate cancer proliferation and tumor growth and represents a new therapeutic target. Oncogene 2012; 32:689-98. [PMID: 22410775 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl has been implicated in the progression of several human cancers. However, the role of Axl in prostate cancer remains poorly understood, and the therapeutic efficacy of Axl targeting remains untested. In this report we identified Axl as a new therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Axl is consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate tumors. Interestingly, the blockage of Axl gene expression strongly inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth. Furthermore, inhibition of Axl expression by small interfering RNA regulates a transcriptional program of genes involved in cell survival, strikingly all connected to the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Additionally, blockage of Axl expression leads to inhibition of Akt, IKKα and IκBα phosphorylation, increasing IκBα expression and stability. Furthermore, induction of Akt phosphorylation by insulin-like growth factor 1 in Axl knockdown cells restores Akt activity and proliferation. Taken together, our results establish an unambiguous role for Axl in prostate cancer tumorigenesis with implications for prostate cancer treatment.
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