1
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Morshed O, Amin M, Cogan NMB, Koessler ER, Collison R, Tumiel TM, Girten W, Awan F, Mathis L, Huo P, Vamivakas AN, Odom TW, Krauss TD. Room-temperature strong coupling between CdSe nanoplatelets and a metal-DBR Fabry-Pérot cavity. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014710. [PMID: 38953450 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of exciton-polaritons through strong light-matter interactions represents an emerging platform for exploring quantum phenomena. A significant challenge in colloidal nanocrystal-based polaritonic systems is the ability to operate at room temperature with high fidelity. Here, we demonstrate the generation of room-temperature exciton-polaritons through the coupling of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) with a Fabry-Pérot optical cavity, leading to a Rabi splitting of 74.6 meV. Quantum-classical calculations accurately predict the complex dynamics between the many dark state excitons and the optically allowed polariton states, including the experimentally observed lower polariton photoluminescence emission, and the concentration of photoluminescence intensities at higher in-plane momenta as the cavity becomes more negatively detuned. The Rabi splitting measured at 5 K is similar to that at 300 K, validating the feasibility of the temperature-independent operation of this polaritonic system. Overall, these results show that CdSe NPLs are an excellent material to facilitate the development of room-temperature quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovishek Morshed
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Mitesh Amin
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Nicole M B Cogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Eric R Koessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Robert Collison
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Trevor M Tumiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - William Girten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Farwa Awan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Lele Mathis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Pengfei Huo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Nickolas Vamivakas
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Todd D Krauss
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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2
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Polimeno L, Coriolano A, Mastria R, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Fieramosca A, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Rizzo A, De Marco L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Room Temperature Polariton Condensation from Whispering Gallery Modes in CsPbBr 3 Microplatelets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312131. [PMID: 38632702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature (RT) polariton condensate holds exceptional promise for revolutionizing various fields of science and technology, encompassing optoelectronics devices to quantum information processing. Using perovskite materials, like all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystal, provides additional advantages, such as ease of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with existing semiconductor technologies. In this work, the formation of whispering gallery modes (WGM) in CsPbBr3 single crystals with controlled geometry is shown, synthesized using a low-cost and efficient capillary bridge method. Through the implementation of microplatelets geometry, enhanced optical properties and performance are achieved due to the presence of sharp edges and a uniform surface, effectively avoiding non-radiative scattering losses caused by defects. This allows not only to observe strong light matter coupling and formation of whispering gallery polaritons, but also to demonstrate the onset of polariton condensation at RT. This investigation not only contributes to the advancement of the knowledge concerning the exceptional optical properties of perovskite-based polariton systems, but also unveils prospects for the exploration of WGM polariton condensation within the framework of a 3D perovskite-based platform, working at RT. The unique characteristics of polariton condensate, including low excitation thresholds and ultrafast dynamics, open up unique opportunities for advancements in photonics and optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Coriolano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Carmela T Prontera
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Universitá del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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3
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Xiang B, Li Y, Spencer MS, Dai Y, Bai Y, Basov DN, Zhu XY. Optical spin hall effect in exciton-polariton condensates in lead halide perovskite microcavities. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:161104. [PMID: 38661194 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An exciton-polariton condensate is a hybrid light-matter state in the quantum fluid phase. The photonic component endows it with characters of spin, as represented by circular polarization. Spin-polarization can form stochastically for quasi-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensates at parallel momentum vector k|| ∼ 0 from bifurcation or deterministically for propagating condensates at k|| > 0 from the optical spin-Hall effect (OSHE). Here, we report deterministic spin-polarization in exciton-polariton condensates at k|| ∼ 0 in microcavities containing methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) single crystals under non-resonant and linearly polarized excitation. We observe two energetically split condensates with opposite circular polarizations and attribute this observation to the presence of strong birefringence, which introduces a large OSHE at k|| ∼ 0 and pins the condensates in a particular spin state. Such spin-polarized exciton-polariton condensates may serve not only as circularly polarized laser sources but also as effective alternatives to ultracold atom Bose-Einstein condensates in quantum simulators of many-body spin-orbit coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yiliu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M S Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Dmitri N Basov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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4
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Wu X, Zhang S, Song J, Deng X, Du W, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang C, Zhong Y, Wu B, Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Xiong Q, Liu X. Exciton polariton condensation from bound states in the continuum at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3345. [PMID: 38637571 PMCID: PMC11026397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons (polaritons) resulting from the strong exciton-photon interaction stimulates the development of novel low-threshold coherent light sources to circumvent the ever-increasing energy demands of optical communications1-3. Polaritons from bound states in the continuum (BICs) are promising for Bose-Einstein condensation owing to their theoretically infinite quality factors, which provide prolonged lifetimes and benefit the polariton accumulations4-7. However, BIC polariton condensation remains limited to cryogenic temperatures ascribed to the small exciton binding energies of conventional material platforms. Herein, we demonstrated room-temperature BIC polariton condensation in perovskite photonic crystal lattices. BIC polariton condensation was demonstrated at the vicinity of the saddle point of polariton dispersion that generates directional vortex beam emission with long-range coherence. We also explore the peculiar switching effect among the miniaturized BIC polariton modes through effective polariton-polariton scattering. Our work paves the way for the practical implementation of BIC polariton condensates for integrated photonic and topological circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiepeng Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoya Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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5
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Hudson RJ, MacDonald TSC, Cole JH, Schmidt TW, Smith TA, McCamey DR. A framework for multiexcitonic logic. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y. [PMID: 38273177 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Exciton science sits at the intersection of chemical, optical and spin-based implementations of information processing, but using excitons to conduct logical operations remains relatively unexplored. Excitons encoding information could be read optically (photoexcitation-photoemission) or electrically (charge recombination-separation), travel through materials via exciton energy transfer, and interact with one another in stimuli-responsive molecular excitonic devices. Excitonic logic offers the potential to mediate electrical, optical and chemical information. Additionally, high-spin triplet and quintet (multi)excitons offer access to well defined spin states of relevance to magnetic field effects, classical spintronics and spin-based quantum information science. In this Roadmap, we propose a framework for developing excitonic computing based on singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Various molecular components capable of modulating SF/TTA for logical operations are suggested, including molecular photo-switching and multi-colour photoexcitation. We then outline a pathway for constructing excitonic logic devices, considering aspects of circuit assembly, logical operation synchronization, and exciton transport and amplification. Promising future directions and challenges are identified, and the potential for realizing excitonic computing in the near future is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Thomas S C MacDonald
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Dane R McCamey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, .
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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6
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Zhai X, Ma X, Gao Y, Xing C, Gao M, Dai H, Wang X, Pan A, Schumacher S, Gao T. Electrically Controlling Vortices in a Neutral Exciton-Polariton Condensate at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:136901. [PMID: 37831991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating bosonic condensates with electric fields is very challenging as the electric fields do not directly interact with the neutral particles of the condensate. Here we demonstrate a simple electric method to tune the vorticity of exciton-polariton condensates in a strong coupling liquid crystal (LC) microcavity with CsPbBr_{3} microplates as active material at room temperature. In such a microcavity, the LC molecular director can be electrically modulated giving control over the polariton condensation in different modes. For isotropic nonresonant optical pumping we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of vortices with topological charges of +1, +2, -2, and -1. The topological vortex charge is controlled by a voltage in the range of 1 to 10 V applied to the microcavity sample. This control is achieved by the interplay of a built-in potential gradient, the anisotropy of the optically active perovskite microplates, and the electrically controllable LC molecular director in our system with intentionally broken rotational symmetry. Besides the fundamental interest in the achieved electric polariton vortex control at room temperature, our work paves the way to micron-sized emitters with electric control over the emitted light's phase profile and quantized orbital angular momentum for information processing and integration into photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhai
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunzi Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meini Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Tingge Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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7
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Chen Y, Shi Y, Gan Y, Liu H, Li T, Ghosh S, Xiong Q. Unraveling the Ultrafast Coherent Dynamics of Exciton Polariton Propagation at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8704-8711. [PMID: 37681647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are widely considered as promising platforms for developing room-temperature polaritonic devices, owing to the high-speed propagation and nonlinear interactions. However, it remains challenging to explore the dynamics of exciton polaritons specifically at room temperature, where the lifetime could be as small as a few picoseconds and the prevailing time-averaged measurement cannot give access to the true nature of it. Herein, by using the time-resolved photoluminescence, we have successfully traced the ultrafast coherent dynamics of a moving exciton polariton condensate in a one-dimensional perovskite microcavity. The propagation speed is directly measured to be ∼12.2 ± 0.8 μm/ps. Moreover, we have developed a time-resolved Michelson interferometry to quantify the time-dependent phase coherence, which reveals that the actual coherence time of exciton polaritons could be much longer (nearly 100%) than what was believed before. Our work sheds new light on the ultrafast coherent propagation of exciton polaritons at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Gan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zou S, Zhao X, Lyu J, Ouyang W, Liu R, Xu S. Light Amplification in Fe-Doped CsPbBr 3 Crystal Microwire Excited by Continuous-Wave Laser. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4815-4821. [PMID: 37191350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrically pumped halide perovskite laser diodes remain unexplored, and it is widely acknowledged that continuous-wave (CW) lasing will be a crucial step. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature amplified spontaneous emission of Fe-doped CsPbBr3 crystal microwire excited by a CW laser. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra indicate that the Fe dopant forms a shallow level trap states near the band edge of the lightly doped CsPbBr3 microcrystal. Pump intensity-dependent time-resolved PL spectra show that the introduced Fe dopant level makes the electron more stable in excited states, suitable for the population inversion. The emission peak intensity of the lightly Fe-doped microwire increases nonlinearly above a threshold of 12.3 kW/cm2 under CW laser excitation, indicating a significant light amplification. Under high excitation, the uniform crystal structure and surface outcoupling in Fe-doped perovskite crystal microwires enhanced the spontaneous emission. These results reveal the considerable promise of Fe-doped perovskite crystal microwires toward low-cost, high-performance, room-temperature electrical pumping perovskite lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nano-photonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenze Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nano-photonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Tian S, Feng J, Qiu Y, Fan X, Yuan M, Zhao Y, Gao H, Zhao H, Jiang L, Wang J, Wu Y. Electrostatic Epitaxy of Orientational Perovskites for Microlasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210594. [PMID: 36859570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Orientational growth of single-crystalline structures is pivotal in the semiconductor industry, which is achievable by epitaxy for producing thin films, heterostructures, quantum wells, and superlattices. Beyond silicon and III-V semiconductors, solution-processible semiconductors, such as metal-halide perovskites, are emerging for scalable and cost-effective manufacture of optoelectronic devices, whereas the polycrystalline nature of fabricated structures restricts their application toward integrated devices. Here, electrostatic epitaxy, a process sustained by strong electrostatic interactions between self-assembled surfactants (octanoate anions) and Pb2+ , is developed to realize orientational growth of single-crystalline CsPbBr3 microwires. Strong electrostatic interactions localized at the air-liquid interface not only support preferential nucleation for single crystallinity, but also select the crystal facet with the highest Pb2+ areal density for pure crystallographic orientation. Due to the epitaxy at the air-liquid interface, direct growth of oriented single-crystalline microwires onto different substrates without the processes of lift-off and transfer is realized. Photonic lasing emission, waveguide coupling, and on-chip propagation of coherent light are demonstrated based on these single-crystalline microwires. These findings open an avenue for on-chip integration of single-crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), and Shanghai Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
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10
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Balasubrahmaniyam M, Simkhovich A, Golombek A, Sandik G, Ankonina G, Schwartz T. From enhanced diffusion to ultrafast ballistic motion of hybrid light-matter excitations. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:338-344. [PMID: 36646793 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of excitons and charge carriers in molecular systems can be enhanced by coherent coupling to photons, giving rise to the formation of hybrid excitations known as polaritons. Such enhancement has far-reaching technological implications; however, the enhancement mechanism and the transport nature of these hybrid excitations remain elusive. Here we map the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of polaritons formed by mixing surface-bound optical waves with Frenkel excitons in a self-assembled molecular layer, resolving polariton dynamics in energy/momentum space. We find that the interplay between the molecular disorder and long-range correlations induced by coherent mixing with light leads to a mobility transition between diffusive and ballistic transport, which can be controlled by varying the light-matter composition of the polaritons. Furthermore, we show that coupling to light enhances the diffusion coefficient of molecular excitons by six orders of magnitude and even leads to ballistic flow at two-thirds the speed of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundakumar Balasubrahmaniyam
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Simkhovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adina Golombek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Sandik
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Ankonina
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Zhang Z, Song F, Li Z, Gao YF, Sun YJ, Lou WK, Liu X, Zhang Q, Tan PH, Chang K, Zhang J. Double-Cavity Modulation of Exciton Polaritons in CsPbBr 3 Microwire. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9365-9371. [PMID: 36399405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lead halide perovskite has become a promising candidate for the study of exciton polaritons due to their excellent optical properties. Here, both experimental and simulated results confirm the existence of two kinds of Fabry-Pérot microcavities in a single CsPbBr3 microwire with an isosceles right triangle cross section, and we experimentally demonstrate that confined photons in a straight and a folded Fabry-Pérot microcavity are strongly coupled with excitons to form exciton polaritons. Furthermore, we reveal the polarization characteristic and double-cavity modulation of exciton polaritons emission by polarization-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results not only prove that the modulation of exciton polaritons emission can occur in this simple double-cavity system but also provide a possibility to develop related polariton devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feilong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Fei Gao
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Kai Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center For Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Room-temperature polariton quantum fluids in halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7388. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractQuantum fluids exhibit quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level, which contrast strongly with classical fluids. Gain-dissipative solid-state exciton-polaritons systems are promising emulation platforms for complex quantum fluid studies at elevated temperatures. Recently, halide perovskite polariton systems have emerged as materials with distinctive advantages over other room-temperature systems for future studies of topological physics, non-Abelian gauge fields, and spin-orbit interactions. However, the demonstration of nonlinear quantum hydrodynamics, such as superfluidity and Čerenkov flow, which is a consequence of the renormalized elementary excitation spectrum, remains elusive in halide perovskites. Here, using homogenous halide perovskites single crystals, we report, in both one- and two-dimensional cases, the complete set of quantum fluid phase transitions from normal classical fluids to scatterless polariton superfluids and supersonic fluids—all at room temperature, clear consequences of the Landau criterion. Specifically, the supersonic Čerenkov wave pattern was observed at room temperature. The experimental results are also in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions from the dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our results set the stage for exploring the rich non-equilibrium quantum fluid many-body physics at room temperature and also pave the way for important polaritonic device applications.
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13
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Masharin MA, Shahnazaryan VA, Benimetskiy FA, Krizhanovskii DN, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV, Makarov SV, Samusev AK. Polaron-Enhanced Polariton Nonlinearity in Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9092-9099. [PMID: 36342753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons offer a versatile platform for realization of all-optical integrated logic gates due to the strong effective optical nonlinearity resulting from the exciton-exciton interactions. In most of the current excitonic materials there exists a direct connection between the exciton robustness to thermal fluctuations and the strength of the exciton-exciton interaction, making materials with the highest levels of exciton nonlinearity applicable at cryogenic temperatures only. Here, we show that strong polaronic effects, characteristic for perovskite materials, allow overcoming this limitation. Namely, we demonstrate a record-high value of the nonlinear optical response in the nanostructured organic-inorganic halide perovskite MAPbI3, experimentally detected as a 19.7 meV blueshift of the polariton branch under femtosecond laser irradiation. This is substantially higher than characteristic values for the samples based on conventional semiconductors and monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides. The observed strong polaron-enhanced nonlinearity exists for both tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of MAPbI3 and remains stable at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Masharin
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vanik A Shahnazaryan
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Fedor A Benimetskiy
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ivan V Iorsh
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan52900, Israel
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao266000, Shandong, China
| | - Anton K Samusev
- ITMO University, School of Physics and Engineering, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Wang T, Zang Z, Gao Y, Lyu C, Gu P, Yao Y, Peng K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Liu X, Gao Y, Bao W, Ye Y. Electrically Pumped Polarized Exciton-Polaritons in a Halide Perovskite Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5175-5181. [PMID: 35714056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exciton-polaritons in lead halide perovskite microcavities have been extensively investigated to address striking phenomena such as polariton condensation and quantum emulation. However, a critical step in advancing these findings into practical applications, i.e., realizing electrically pumped perovskite polariton light-emitting devices, has not yet been presented. Here, we devise a new method to combine the device with a microcavity and report the first halide perovskite polariton light-emitting device. Specifically, the device is based on a CsPbBr3 capacitive structure, which can inject the electrons and holes from the same electrode, conducive to the formation of excitons and simultaneously maintaining the high quality of the microcavity. In addition, highly polarized polariton emissions have been demonstrated due to the optical birefringence in the CsPbBr3 microplate. This work paves the way for realizing practical polaritonic devices such as high-speed light-emitting devices for information communications and inversionless electrically pumped lasers based on perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingfan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yige Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Peng
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bao
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University, Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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15
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McClintock L, Song Z, Travaglini HC, Senger RT, Chandrasekaran V, Htoon H, Yarotski D, Yu D. Highly Mobile Excitons in Single Crystal Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Perovskite Microribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3698-3705. [PMID: 35439010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excitons are often given negative connotation in solar energy harvesting in part due to their presumed short diffusion lengths. We investigate exciton transport in single-crystal methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) microribbons via spectrally, spatially, and temporally resolved photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements. Distinct peaks in the photocurrent spectra unambiguously confirm exciton formation and allow for accurate extraction of the low temperature exciton binding energy (39 meV). Photocurrent decays within a few μm at room temperature, while a gate-tunable long-range photocurrent component appears at lower temperatures (about 100 μm below 140 K). Carrier lifetimes of 1.2 μs or shorter exclude the possibility of the long decay length arising from slow trapped-carrier hopping. Free carrier diffusion is also an unlikely source of the highly nonlocal photocurrent, due to their small fraction at low temperatures. We attribute the long-distance transport to high-mobility excitons, which may open up new opportunities for novel exciton-based photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McClintock
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ziyi Song
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - H Clark Travaglini
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R Tugrul Senger
- Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
- ICTP-ECAR Eurasian Center for Advanced Research, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dmitry Yarotski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Spencer MS, Fu Y, Schlaus AP, Hwang D, Dai Y, Smith MD, Gamelin DR, Zhu XY. Spin-orbit-coupled exciton-polariton condensates in lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7667. [PMID: 34851673 PMCID: PMC8635445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is responsible for a range of spintronic and topological processes in condensed matter. Here, we show photonic analogs of SOCs in exciton-polaritons and their condensates in microcavities composed of birefringent lead halide perovskite single crystals. The presence of crystalline anisotropy coupled with splitting in the optical cavity of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes gives rise to a non-Abelian gauge field, which can be described by the Rashba-Dresselhaus Hamiltonian near the degenerate points of the two polarization modes. With increasing density, the exciton-polaritons with pseudospin textures undergo phase transitions to competing condensates with orthogonal polarizations. Unlike their pure photonic counterparts, these exciton-polaritons and condensates inherit nonlinearity from their excitonic components and may serve as quantum simulators of many-body SOC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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17
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Room Temperature Exciton-Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensation in Organic Single-crystal Microribbon Cavities. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Feng J, Wang J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Zhao J, Su R, Peng Y, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, Xiong Q. All-optical switching based on interacting exciton polaritons in self-assembled perovskite microwires. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6627. [PMID: 34757800 PMCID: PMC8580323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical switches and integrated circuits call for giant optical nonlinearity to minimize energy consumption and footprint. Exciton polaritons underpin intrinsic strong nonlinear interactions and high-speed propagation in solids, thus affording an intriguing platform for all-optical devices. However, semiconductors sustaining stable exciton polaritons at room temperature usually exhibit restricted nonlinearity and/or propagation properties. Delocalized and strongly interacting Wannier-Mott excitons in metal halide perovskites highlight their advantages in integrated nonlinear optical devices. Here, we report all-optical switching by using propagating and strongly interacting exciton-polariton fluids in self-assembled CsPbBr3 microwires. Strong polariton-polariton interactions and extended polariton fluids with a propagation length of around 25 μm have been reached. All-optical switching on/off of polariton propagation can be realized in picosecond time scale by locally blue-shifting the dispersion with interacting polaritons. The all-optical switching, together with the scalable self-assembly method, highlights promising applications of solution-processed perovskites toward integrated photonics operating in strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
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19
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Su R, Estrecho E, Biegańska D, Huang Y, Wurdack M, Pieczarka M, Truscott AG, Liew TCH, Ostrovskaya EA, Xiong Q. Direct measurement of a non-Hermitian topological invariant in a hybrid light-matter system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj8905. [PMID: 34731010 PMCID: PMC8565900 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Topology is central to understanding and engineering materials that display robust physical phenomena immune to imperfections. Different topological phases of matter are characterized by topological invariants. In energy-conserving (Hermitian) systems, these invariants are determined by the winding of eigenstates in momentum space. In non-Hermitian systems, a topological invariant is predicted to emerge from the winding of the complex eigenenergies. Here, we directly measure the non-Hermitian topological invariant arising from exceptional points in the momentum-resolved spectrum of exciton polaritons. These are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by photons strongly coupled to electron-hole pairs (excitons) in a halide perovskite semiconductor at room temperature. We experimentally map out both the real (energy) and imaginary (linewidth) parts of the spectrum near the exceptional points and extract the novel topological invariant—fractional spectral winding. Our work represents an essential step toward realization of non-Hermitian topological phases in a condensed matter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Eliezer Estrecho
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Dąbrówka Biegańska
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Matthias Wurdack
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Maciej Pieczarka
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrew G. Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena A. Ostrovskaya
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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20
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Wang Y, Gong Y, Huang S, Xing X, Lv Z, Wang J, Yang JQ, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Han ST. Memristor-based biomimetic compound eye for real-time collision detection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5979. [PMID: 34645801 PMCID: PMC8514515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is the movement-sensitive, wide-field visual neuron positioned in the third visual neuropile of lobula. LGMD neuron can anticipate collision and trigger avoidance efficiently owing to the earlier occurring firing peak before collision. Vision chips inspired by the LGMD have been successfully implemented in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) system. However, transistor-based chips and single devices to simulate LGMD neurons make them bulky, energy-inefficient and complicated. The devices with relatively compact structure and simple operation mode to mimic the escape response of LGMD neuron have not been realized yet. Here, the artificial LGMD visual neuron is implemented using light-mediated threshold switching memristor. The non-monotonic response to light flow field originated from the formation and break of Ag conductive filaments is analogue to the escape response of LGMD neuron. Furthermore, robot navigation with obstacle avoidance capability and biomimetic compound eyes with wide field-of-view (FoV) detection capability are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, 230013, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gong
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shenming Huang
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Xing
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Lv
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qin Yang
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale optoelectronics and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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21
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Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhang Q, Nguyen HS, Deleporte E, Chen Z, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Perovskite semiconductors for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1315-1324. [PMID: 34211156 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites are generally excellent light emitters and can have larger exciton binding energies than thermal energy at room temperature, exhibiting great promise for room-temperature exciton-polaritonics. Rapid progress has been made recently, although challenges and mysteries remain in lead-halide perovskite semiconductors to push polaritons to room-temperature operation. In this Perspective, we discuss fundamental aspects of perovskite semiconductors for exciton-polaritons and review the recent rapid experimental advances using lead-halide perovskites for room-temperature polaritonics, including the experimental realization of strong light-matter interaction using various types of microcavities as well as reaching the polariton condensation regime in planar microcavities and lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai Son Nguyen
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Zhanghai Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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22
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Motional narrowing, ballistic transport, and trapping of room-temperature exciton polaritons in an atomically-thin semiconductor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5366. [PMID: 34508084 PMCID: PMC8433169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide crystals (TMDCs) hold great promise for semiconductor optoelectronics because their bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) are stable at room temperature and interact strongly with light. When TMDCs are embedded in an optical microcavity, excitons can hybridise with cavity photons to form exciton polaritons, which inherit useful properties from their constituents. The ability to manipulate and trap polaritons on a microchip is critical for applications. Here, we create a non-trivial potential landscape for polaritons in monolayer WS2, and demonstrate their trapping and ballistic propagation across tens of micrometers. We show that the effects of dielectric disorder, which restrict the diffusion of WS2 excitons and broaden their spectral resonance, are dramatically reduced for polaritons, leading to motional narrowing and preserved partial coherence. Linewidth narrowing and coherence are further enhanced in the trap. Our results demonstrate the possibility of long-range dissipationless transport and efficient trapping of TMDC polaritons in ambient conditions.
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23
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Tang J, Zhang J, Lv Y, Wang H, Xu FF, Zhang C, Sun L, Yao J, Zhao YS. Room temperature exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation in organic single-crystal microribbon cavities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3265. [PMID: 34075038 PMCID: PMC8169864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (EP BEC) is of crucial importance for the development of coherent light sources and optical logic elements, as it creates a new state of matter with coherent nature and nonlinear behaviors. The demand for room temperature EP BEC has driven the development of organic polaritons because of the large binding energies of Frenkel excitons in organic materials. However, the reliance on external high-finesse microcavities for organic EP BEC results in poor compactness and integrability of devices, which restricts their practical applications in on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate room temperature EP BEC in organic single-crystal microribbon natural cavities. The regularly shaped microribbons serve as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, in which efficient strong coupling between Frenkel excitons and photons leads to the generation of EPs at room temperature. The large exciton–photon coupling strength due to high exciton densities facilitates the achievement of EP BEC. Taking advantages of interactions in EP condensates and dimension confinement effects, we demonstrate the realization of controllable output of coherent light from the microribbons. We hope that the results will provide a useful enlightenment for using organic single crystals to construct miniaturized polaritonic devices. The use of room temperature exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation is limited by the need for external high-finesse microcavities. The authors generate room temperature EPs with single-crystal microribbons as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, and demonstrate controllable output of coherent light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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24
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Liu W, Li Y, Yu H, Wang J, Hu A, Jia S, Li X, Yang H, Dai L, Lu G, Liu Y, Wang S, Gong Q. Imaging and Controlling Photonic Modes in Perovskite Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100775. [PMID: 33987871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite microcavities have excellent photophysical properties for integrated optoelectronic devices, such as nanolasers. Imaging and controlling the photonic modes within the cavity are fundamentally important to understand and develop applications. Here, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is used to image the photonic modes within optical microcavities with a nanometer-scale spatial resolution. From a CsPbBr3 microcavity, hybrid mode patterns are observed. Spatial frequency spectrum analysis on the patterns uncovers the characteristic cavity modes, which are modeled with transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves, and assigned to exciton-polariton modes. Based on this understanding, the light focus in a designed microcavity is imaged in real space and controlled by the light field polarization. The study confirms that the cavity modes in perovskites can be effectively observed by the PEEM technique under resonant excitation, which, in turn, promotes the design of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ju Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Aiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shangtong Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
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25
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Geng Z, Theenhaus J, Patra BK, Zheng JY, Busink J, Garnett EC, Rodriguez SRK. Fano Lineshapes and Rabi Splittings: Can They Be Artificially Generated or Obscured by the Numerical Aperture? ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1271-1276. [PMID: 34056036 PMCID: PMC8155561 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonances and Rabi splittings are routinely reported in the scientific literature. Asymmetric resonance lineshapes are usually associated with Fano resonances, and two split peaks in the spectrum are often attributed to a Rabi splitting. True Fano resonances and Rabi splittings are unequivocal signatures of coherent coupling between subsystems. However, can the same spectral lineshapes characterizing Fano resonances and Rabi splittings arise from a purely incoherent sum of intensities? Here we answer this question through experiments with a tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity containing a CsPbBr3 perovskite crystal. By measuring the transmission and photoluminescence of this system using microscope objectives with different numerical aperture (NA), we find that even a modest NA = 0.4 can artificially generate Fano resonances and Rabi splittings. We furthermore show that this modest NA can obscure the anticrossing of a bona fide strongly coupled light-matter system. Through transfer matrix calculations we confirm that these spectral artifacts are due to the incoherent sum of transmitted intensities at different angles captured by the NA. Our results are relevant to the wide nanophotonics community, characterizing dispersive optical systems with high numerical aperture microscope objectives. We conclude with general guidelines to avoid pitfalls in the characterization of such optical systems.
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26
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Su R, Ghosh S, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Optical switching of topological phase in a perovskite polariton lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabf8049. [PMID: 34020955 PMCID: PMC8139588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter interaction enriches topological photonics by dressing light with matter, which provides the possibility to realize active nonlinear topological devices with immunity to defects. Topological exciton polaritons-half-light, half-matter quasiparticles with giant optical nonlinearity-represent a unique platform for active topological photonics. Previous demonstrations of exciton polariton topological insulators demand cryogenic temperatures, and their topological properties are usually fixed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a room temperature exciton polariton topological insulator in a perovskite zigzag lattice. Polarization serves as a degree of freedom to switch between distinct topological phases, and the topologically nontrivial polariton edge states persist in the presence of onsite energy perturbations, showing strong immunity to disorder. We further demonstrate exciton polariton condensation into the topological edge states under optical pumping. These results provide an ideal platform for realizing active topological polaritonic devices working at ambient conditions, which can find important applications in topological lasers, optical modulation, and switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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27
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Zhao J, Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhao W, Du W, Liu X, Diederichs C, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Ultralow Threshold Polariton Condensate in a Monolayer Semiconductor Microcavity at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3331-3339. [PMID: 33797259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter bosonic quasiparticles, can condense into a single quantum state, i.e., forming a polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which represents a crucial step for the development of nanophotonic technology. Recently, atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerged as promising candidates for novel polaritonic devices. Although the formation of robust valley-polaritons has been realized up to room temperature, the demonstration of polariton lasing remains elusive. Herein, we report for the first time the realization of this important milestone in a TMD microcavity at room temperature. Continuous wave pumped polariton lasing is evidenced by the macroscopic occupation of the ground state, which undergoes a nonlinear increase of the emission along with the emergence of temporal coherence, the presence of an exciton fraction-controlled threshold and the buildup of linear polarization. Our work presents a critically important step toward exploiting nonlinear polariton-polariton interactions, as well as offering a new platform for thresholdless lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carole Diederichs
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Département de physique de l'ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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28
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Wu J, Ghosh S, Su R, Fieramosca A, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear Parametric Scattering of Exciton Polaritons in Perovskite Microcavities. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3120-3126. [PMID: 33788571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparing with pure photons, higher nonlinearity in polariton systems has been exploited in various proof-of-principle demonstrations of efficient optical devices based on the parametric scattering effect. However, most of them demand cryogenic temperatures limited by the small exciton binding energy of traditional semiconductors or exhibit weak nonlinearity resulting from Frenkel excitons. Lead halide perovskites, possessing both a large binding energy and a strong polariton interaction, emerge as ideal platforms to explore nonlinear polariton physics toward room temperature operation. Here, we report the first observation of nonlinear parametric scattering in a lead halide perovskite microcavity with multiple polariton branches at room temperature. Driven by the scattering source from condensation in one polariton branch, correlated polariton pairs are obtained at high k states in an adjacent branch. Our results strongly advocate the ability to reach the nonlinear regime essential for perovskite polaritonics working at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, https://majulab.cnrs.fr/
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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29
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Wang J, Xu H, Su R, Peng Y, Wu J, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Spontaneously coherent orbital coupling of counterrotating exciton polaritons in annular perovskite microcavities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:45. [PMID: 33649295 PMCID: PMC7921445 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton condensation is regarded as a spontaneous macroscopic quantum phenomenon with phase ordering and collective coherence. By engineering artificial annular potential landscapes in halide perovskite semiconductor microcavities, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the room-temperature spontaneous formation of a coherent superposition of exciton-polariton orbital states with symmetric petal-shaped patterns in real space, resulting from symmetry breaking due to the anisotropic effective potential of the birefringent perovskite crystals. The lobe numbers of such petal-shaped polariton condensates can be precisely controlled by tuning the annular potential geometry. These petal-shaped condensates form in multiple orbital states, carrying locked alternating π phase shifts and vortex-antivortex superposition cores, arising from the coupling of counterrotating exciton-polaritons in the confined circular waveguide. Our geometrically patterned microcavity exhibits promise for realizing room-temperature topological polaritonic devices and optical polaritonic switches based on periodic annular potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huawen Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
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30
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Beierlein J, Rozas E, Egorov OA, Klaas M, Yulin A, Suchomel H, Harder TH, Emmerling M, Martín MD, Shelykh IA, Schneider C, Peschel U, Viña L, Höfling S, Klembt S. Propagative Oscillations in Codirectional Polariton Waveguide Couplers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:075302. [PMID: 33666454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.075302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on novel exciton-polariton routing devices created to study and purposely guide light-matter particles in their condensate phase. In a codirectional coupling device, two waveguides are connected by a partially etched section that facilitates tunable coupling of the adjacent channels. This evanescent coupling of the two macroscopic wave functions in each waveguide reveals itself in real space oscillations of the condensate. This Josephson-like oscillation has only been observed in coupled polariton traps so far. Here, we report on a similar coupling behavior in a controllable, propagative waveguide-based design. By controlling the gap width, channel length, or propagation energy, the exit port of the polariton flow can be chosen. This codirectional polariton device is a passive and scalable coupler element that can serve in compact, next generation logic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beierlein
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Rozas
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Egorov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Klaas
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Yulin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - H Suchomel
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - T H Harder
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Emmerling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M D Martín
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - I A Shelykh
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - U Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - L Viña
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - S Klembt
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Bouteyre P, Son Nguyen H, Lauret JS, Trippé-Allard G, Delport G, Lédée F, Diab H, Belarouci A, Seassal C, Garrot D, Bretenaker F, Deleporte E. Directing random lasing emission using cavity exciton-polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:39739-39749. [PMID: 33379517 DOI: 10.1364/oe.410249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Random lasing is an intriguing phenomenon occurring in disordered structures with optical gain in which light scattering provides the necessary feedback for lasing action. Unlike conventional lasers, random lasing systems emit in all directions due to light scattering. While this property can be desired in some cases, directional emission remains required for most applications. In a vertical microcavity containing the hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3, we report here the coupling of the emission of a random laser with a cavity polaritonic resonance, resulting in a directional random lasing, whose emission angles can be tuned by varying the cavity detuning and reach values as large as 15.8° and 22.4°.
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32
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Zhao W, Su R, Huang Y, Wu J, Fong CF, Feng J, Xiong Q. Transient circular dichroism and exciton spin dynamics in all-inorganic halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5665. [PMID: 33168828 PMCID: PMC7653957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic metal halides perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Br or Cl) show strong excitonic and spin-orbital coupling effects, underpinning spin-selective excitonic transitions and therefore exhibiting great promise for spintronics and quantum-optics applications. Here we report spin-dependent optical nonlinearities in CsPbX3 single crystals by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like a pseudo-magnetic field and thus lift the degeneracy of spin states resulting in a photoinduced circular dichroism. Such spontaneous spin splitting between “spin-up” and “spin-down” excitons can be several tens of milli-electron volts under intense excitations. The exciton spin relaxation time is ~20 picoseconds at very low pump fluence, the longest reported in the metal halides perovskites family at room temperature. The dominant spin-flip mechanism is attributed to the electron-hole exchange interactions. Our results provide essential understandings towards realizing practical spintronics applications of perovskite semiconductors. Strong excitonic effects and spin-orbit coupling in all-inorganic halide perovskite is promising for spintronic application, yet the spin-dependent phenomenon is not well understood. Here, the authors reveal that many-body interactions between spin-polarized excitons act like pseudo-magnetic field, lifting the degeneracy and resulting in circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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33
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Ren J, Liao Q, Huang H, Li Y, Gao T, Ma X, Schumacher S, Yao J, Bai S, Fu H. Efficient Bosonic Condensation of Exciton Polaritons in an H-Aggregate Organic Single-Crystal Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7550-7557. [PMID: 32986448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although organic polariton condensation has been recently demonstrated, they only utilize the photon part of polaritons and ignore the excitonic contribution because the polariton-polariton and polariton-reservoir interactions are weak in organic microcavities owing to the absence of Coulomb exchange-interactions between Frenkel excitons. We demonstrate highly efficient and strongly polarization-dependent polariton condensates in a microcavity consisting of an H-aggregate organic single-crystalline microbelt sandwiched between two silver reflectors. Benefitting from the advantages of vibronic coupling in H-aggregates and heavy exciton-like polaritons, both macroscopic coherent polariton ground-state population and high-energy quantized-modes are observed. The measurements are qualitatively reproduced based on simulations of the spatiotemporal polariton dynamics. The observation of low threshold polariton lasing, the ease of fabrication, and the potential for efficient electronic charge injection make microcrystals of organic semiconductors attractive candidates for continuous wave and electrically pumped functional photonic polariton circuits and organic polariton lasers, operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Ren
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingge Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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34
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Sun W, Liu Y, Qu G, Fan Y, Dai W, Wang Y, Song Q, Han J, Xiao S. Lead halide perovskite vortex microlasers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4862. [PMID: 32978397 PMCID: PMC7519163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite microlasers have been very promising for versatile optoelectronic applications. However, most perovskite microlasers are linearly polarized with uniform wavefront. The structured laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum have rarely been studied and the applications of perovskites in next-generation optical communications are thus hindered. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the perovskite vortex microlasers with highly directional outputs and well−controlled topological charges. High quality gratings have been experimentally fabricated in perovskite film and the subsequent vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with divergent angles of 3o are achieved. With the control of Archimedean spiral gratings, the wavefront of the perovskite VCSELs has been switched to be helical with topological charges of q = −4 to 4. This research is able to expand the potential applications of perovskite microlasers in hybrid integrated photonic networks, as well as optical computing. Integration of III-V semiconductor microlasers into modern Si or Si3N4 based photonic integrated circuits remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a perovskite vortex microlaser with highly directional outputs and well-controlled topological charges that is highly compatible with most materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Geyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Fan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P.R. China. .,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
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35
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Shang Q, Li M, Zhao L, Chen D, Zhang S, Chen S, Gao P, Shen C, Xing J, Xing G, Shen B, Liu X, Zhang Q. Role of the Exciton-Polariton in a Continuous-Wave Optically Pumped CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Laser. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6636-6643. [PMID: 32786951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as excellent optical gain materials for solution-processable and flexible lasers. Recently, continuous-wave (CW) optically driven lasing was established in perovskite crystals; however, the mechanism of low-threshold operation is still disputed. In this study, CW-pumped lasing from one-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanoribbons (NBs) with a threshold of ∼130 W cm-2 is demonstrated, which can be ascribed to the large refractive index induced by the exciton-polariton (EP) effect. Increasing the temperature reduces the exciton fraction of EPs, which decreases the group and phase refractive indices and inhibits lasing above 100 K. Thermal management, including reducing the NB height to ∼120 ± 60 nm and adopting a high-thermal-conductivity sink, e.g., sapphire, is critical for CW-driven lasing, even at cryogenic temperatures. These results reveal the nature of ultralow-threshold lasing with CsPbBr3 and provide insights into the construction of room-temperature CW and electrically driven perovskite macro/microlasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meili Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Bo Shen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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36
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Wen X, Xiong Q. Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polariton in perovskites semiconductors. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:193-195. [PMID: 36641580 PMCID: PMC9743866 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Wen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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37
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Sedov E, Sedova I, Arakelian S, Eramo G, Kavokin A. Hybrid optical fiber for light-induced superconductivity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8131. [PMID: 32424228 PMCID: PMC7234985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploit the recent proposals for the light-induced superconductivity mediated by a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons to design a superconducting fiber that would enable long-distance transport of a supercurrent at elevated temperatures. The proposed fiber consists of a conventional core made of a silica glass with the first cladding layer formed by a material sustaining dipole-polarised excitons with a binding energy exceeding 25 meV. To be specific, we consider a perovskite cladding layer of 20 nm width. The second cladding layer is made of a conventional superconductor such as aluminium. The fiber is covered by a conventional coating buffer and by a plastic outer jacket. We argue that the critical temperature for a superconducting phase transition in the second cladding layer may be strongly enhanced due to the coupling of the superconductor to a bosonic condensate of exciton-polaritons optically induced by the evanescent part of the guiding mode confined in the core. The guided light mode would penetrate to the first cladding layer and provide the strong exciton-photon coupling regime. We run simulations that confirm the validity of the proposed concept. The fabrication of superconducting fibers where a high-temperature superconductivity could be controlled by light would enable passing superconducting currents over extremely long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Sedov
- Westlake University, School of Science, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Sciences, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gorky str. 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia.
| | - Irina Sedova
- Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gorky str. 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Sergey Arakelian
- Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gorky str. 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Eramo
- Mediterranean Institute of Fundamental Physics, 31, Appia Nuova, Frattocchi, Rome, 00031, Italy
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Westlake University, School of Science, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Sciences, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- St. Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Ul'anovskaya 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
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38
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Dang NHM, Gerace D, Drouard E, Trippé-Allard G, Lédée F, Mazurczyk R, Deleporte E, Seassal C, Nguyen HS. Tailoring Dispersion of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polaritons with Perovskite-Based Subwavelength Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2113-2119. [PMID: 32074449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons represent a promising platform for studying quantum fluids of light and realizing prospective all-optical devices. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of exciton-polaritons at room temperature in resonant metasurfaces made from a sub-wavelength two-dimensional lattice of perovskite pillars. The strong coupling regime is revealed by both angular-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence measurements, showing anticrossing between photonic modes and the exciton resonance with a Rabi splitting in the 200 meV range. Moreover, by tailoring the photonic Bloch mode to which perovskite excitons are coupled, polaritonic dispersions are engineered exhibiting linear, parabolic, and multivalley dispersions. All of our results are perfectly reproduced by both numerical simulations based on a rigorous coupled wave analysis and an elementary model based on a quantum theory of radiation-matter interaction. Our results suggest a new approach to study exciton-polaritons and pave the way toward large-scale and low-cost integrated polaritonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ha My Dang
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Dario Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Drouard
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ferdinand Lédée
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Radoslaw Mazurczyk
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christian Seassal
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Hai Son Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
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39
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Takahashi S, Watanabe K. Decoupling from a Thermal Bath via Molecular Polariton Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1349-1356. [PMID: 32017569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between an electronic system and an environmental bath plays a decisive role in the excited state dynamics of artificial/natural molecular condensed phases. Although it is generally difficult to control the coupling between the system and the thermal bath in condensed matter, a strong light-matter coupling can control system-bath coupling properties using the polaron decoupling effect, in which a coherent interaction between excitons and photons reduces the reorganization energy. Here we demonstrate that this polaron decoupling strongly reduces the fluctuations in electronic energy in tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene thin films embedded in an optical microcavity. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, the frequency-fluctuation correlation function of the lower polariton state was revealed, showing that the dynamic inhomogeneity due to bath coupling inside the microcavity almost vanishes completely. This was attributed to a significant delocalization of the lower polariton state over 105 molecules in the cavity, reducing the effective coupling strength of the bath modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8502 , Japan
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40
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Shang Q, Li C, Zhang S, Liang Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang Q. Enhanced Optical Absorption and Slowed Light of Reduced-Dimensional CsPbBr 3 Nanowire Crystal by Exciton-Polariton. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1023-1032. [PMID: 31917588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metallic halide perovskites are promising for low-cost, low-consumption, flexible optoelectronic devices. However, research is lacking on light propagation and dielectric behaviors as fundamental properties for optoelectronic perovskite applications, particularly the mechanism supporting a strong light-matter interaction and the different properties of low-dimensional structures from their bulk counterparts. We use spatially resolved photoluminescence (SRPL) spectroscopy to explore light propagation and measure the refractive index of CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs). Owing to strong exciton-photon interactions, light is guided as an exciton-polariton inside the NWs at room temperature. Remarkable spatial dispersion is confirmed, in which both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index increase dramatically approaching exciton resonance, thus slowing light and enhancing absorption, respectively. Reducing the NWs dimension increases exciton-photon coupling and the exciton fraction, increasing the light absorption coefficient and group index 5- and 3-fold, respectively, relative to those of bulk films and slowing the light group velocity by ∼74%. Furthermore, dispersive absorption induces an energy redshift to the propagating PL at 4.1-5.5 meV μm-1 until the bottleneck region. These findings clarify light-matter interaction in confined perovskite structures to improve their optoelectronic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
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41
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McClintock L, Xiao R, Hou Y, Gibson C, Travaglini HC, Abramovitch D, Tan LZ, Senger RT, Fu Y, Jin S, Yu D. Temperature and Gate Dependence of Carrier Diffusion in Single Crystal Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Microstructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1000-1006. [PMID: 31958953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate temperature-dependent photogenerated carrier diffusion in single-crystal methylammonium lead iodide microstuctures via scanning photocurrent microscopy. Carrier diffusion lengths increased abruptly across the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition and reached 200 ± 50 μm at 80 K. In combination with the microsecond carrier lifetime measured by a transient photocurrent method, an enormous carrier mobility value of 3 × 104 cm2/V s was extracted at 80 K. The observed highly nonlocal photocurrent and the rapid increase of the carrier diffusion length at low temperatures can be understood by the formation and efficient transport of free excitons in the orthorhombic phase as a result of reduced optical phonon scattering due to the dipolar nature of the excitons. Carrier diffusion lengths were tuned by a factor of 8 by gate voltage and increased with increasing majority carrier (electron) concentration, consistent with the exciton model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McClintock
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yasen Hou
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Clinton Gibson
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Henry Clark Travaglini
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - David Abramovitch
- Department of Physics , University of California-Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , 67 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , 67 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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42
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Long-range exciton transport and slow annihilation in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:664. [PMID: 32005840 PMCID: PMC6994693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with strongly bound excitons and tunable structures are desirable for optoelectronic applications. Exciton transport and annihilation are two key processes in determining device efficiencies; however, a thorough understanding of these processes is hindered by that annihilation rates are often convoluted with exciton diffusion constants. Here we employ transient absorption microscopy to disentangle quantum-well-thickness-dependent exciton diffusion and annihilation in two-dimensional perovskites, unraveling the key role of electron-hole interactions and dielectric screening. The exciton diffusion constant is found to increase with quantum-well thickness, ranging from 0.06 ± 0.03 to 0.34 ± 0.03 cm2 s−1, which leads to long-range exciton diffusion over hundreds of nanometers. The exciton annihilation rates are more than one order of magnitude lower than those found in the monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. The combination of long-range exciton transport and slow annihilation highlights the unique attributes of two-dimensional perovskites as an exciting class of optoelectronic materials. Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are promising excitonic materials; however, there currently lacks understanding on exciton diffusion and annihilation. Here Deng et al. employ transient absorption microscopy to disentangle quantum-well-thickness-dependent exciton transport and annihilation in these materials.
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43
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Cooperative excitonic quantum ensemble in perovskite-assembly superlattice microcavities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 31949149 PMCID: PMC6965136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskites—compounds with the CaTiO3-type crystal structure—show outstanding performance in photovoltaics and multiparameter optical emitters due to their large oscillator strength, strong solar absorption, and excellent charge-transport properties. However, the ability to realize and control many-body quantum states in perovskites, which would extend their application from classical optoelectronic materials to ultrafast quantum operation, remains an open research topic. Here, we generate a cooperative quantum state of excitons in a quantum dot ensemble based on a lead halide perovskite, and we control the ultrafast radiation of excitonic quantum ensembles by introducing optical microcavites. The stimulated radiation of excitonic quantum ensemble in a superlattice microcavity is demonstrated to not be limited by the classical population-inversion condition, leading to a picosecond radiative duration time to dissipate all of the in-phase dipoles. Such a perovskite-assembly superlattice microcavity with a tunable radiation rate promises potential applications in ultrafast, photoelectric-compatible quantum processors. The realization and control many-body quantum states in perovskites would extend their application to ultrafast quantum operation. Here, the authors generate a cooperative quantum state of excitons in a lead halide perovskite quantum dot ensemble and control the ultrafast radiation through optical microcavites.
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44
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Dong H, Zhang C, Liu X, Yao J, Zhao YS. Materials chemistry and engineering in metal halide perovskite lasers. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:951-982. [PMID: 31960011 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The invention and development of the laser have revolutionized science, technology, and industry. Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconductors holding promising potential in further advancing the laser technology. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of metal halide perovskite lasers from the viewpoint of materials chemistry and engineering. After an introduction to the materials chemistry and physics of metal halide perovskites, we present diverse optical cavities for perovskite lasers. We then comprehensively discuss various perovskite lasers with particular functionalities, including tunable lasers, multicolor lasers, continuous-wave lasers, single-mode lasers, subwavelength lasers, random lasers, polariton lasers, and laser arrays. Following this a description of the strategies for improving the stability and reducing the toxicity of metal halide perovskite lasers is provided. Finally, future research directions and challenges toward practical technology applications of perovskite lasers are provided to give an outlook on this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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45
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Li Q, Li C, Shang Q, Zhao L, Zhang S, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Q. Lasing from reduced dimensional perovskite microplatelets: Fabry-Pérot or whispering-gallery-mode? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:211101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xina Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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46
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Yan F, Tan ST, Li X, Demir HV. Light Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: LEDs, Color Converters, Lasers, and Other Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902079. [PMID: 31650694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Facile solution processing lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) exhibit superior properties in light generation, including a wide color gamut, a high flexibility for tuning emissive wavelengths, a great defect tolerance and resulting high quantum yield; and intriguing electric feature of ambipolar transport with moderate and comparable mobility. As a result, LHP-NCs have accomplished great achievements in various light generation applications, including color converters for lighting and display, light-emitting diodes, low threshold lasing, X-ray scintillators, and single photon emitters. Herein, the considerable progress that has been made thus far is reviewed along with the current challenges and future prospects in the light generation applications of LHP-NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Swee Tiam Tan
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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47
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Schlaus AP, Spencer MS, Zhu XY. Light-Matter Interaction and Lasing in Lead Halide Perovskites. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2950-2959. [PMID: 31571486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are attractive material systems for light emission, thanks to the ease and diverse routes of synthesis, the broad tunability in color, the high emission quantum efficiencies, and the strong light-matter coupling which may potentially lead to exciton-polariton condensation. This account contrasts the laser-like coherent light emission from highly lossy Fabry-Perot cavities, formed naturally from LHP nanowires (NWs) and nanoplates (NPs), with highly reflective cavities made of LHP gain media, sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The mechanism responsible for the operation of conventional semiconductor lasers involves stimulated emission of electron and hole pairs bound by the Coulomb potential, i.e., excitons or, at excitation density above the so-called Mott threshold, an electron-hole plasma (EHP). We discuss how lasing from LHP NWs or NPs likely originates from stimulated emission of an EHP, not excitons or exciton-polaritons. A character central to this kind of lasing is the dynamically changing photonic properties in the naturally formed cavity. In contrast to the more static conditions of a DBR cavity, lasing modes and gain profiles are extremely sensitive to material properties and excitation conditions in an NW/NP cavity. While such unstable photonic cavities pose engineering challenges in the application of NW/NP lasers, they provide excellent probes of many-body physics in the LHP material. For sufficiently strong light-matter coupling expected for LHPs in DBR cavities, an exciton-polariton, i.e., the superposition state between the exciton and the cavity photon, can form. An exciting prospect of strong light-matter coupling is the potential formation of an exciton polariton condensate, which possesses many interesting quantum and nonlinear effects, such as superfluidity, long-range coherence, and laserlike light emission. However, it is difficult to distinguish coherent light from an exciton-polariton condensate and that from conventional stimulated laser emission. Several reports have established the condition of strong coupling for LHPs in DBR cavities. We stress, however, that these studies have not included necessary experiments to unambiguously establish the formation of exciton-polariton condensation, and several experiments and routes of analysis are needed to make a more convincing case for exciton-polariton condensation in LHP based systems. The potential of exciton-polariton condensation expands the horizon of LHP materials from conventional optoelectronics to quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael S. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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48
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Xiang B, Ribeiro RF, Li Y, Dunkelberger AD, Simpkins BB, Yuen-Zhou J, Xiong W. Manipulating optical nonlinearities of molecular polaritons by delocalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax5196. [PMID: 31799402 PMCID: PMC6868677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonlinearities are key resources in the contemporary photonics toolbox, relevant to quantum gate operations and all-optical switches. Chemical modification is often used to control the nonlinear response of materials at the microscopic level, but on-the-fly manipulation of such response is challenging. Tunability of optical nonlinearities in the mid-infrared (IR) is even less developed, hindering its applications in chemical sensing or IR photonic circuitry. Here, we report control of vibrational polariton coherent nonlinearities by manipulation of macroscopic parameters such as cavity longitudinal length or molecular concentration. Further two-dimensional IR investigations reveal that nonlinear dephasing provides the dominant source of the observed ultrafast polariton nonlinearities. The reported phenomena originate from the nonlinear macroscopic polarization stemming from strong coupling between microscopic molecular excitations and a macroscopic photonic cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raphael F. Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Blake B. Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author.
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49
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Fieramosca A, Polimeno L, Ardizzone V, De Marco L, Pugliese M, Maiorano V, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Gigli G, Gerace D, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D. Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites sustaining strong polariton interactions at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9967. [PMID: 31172027 PMCID: PMC6544457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polaritonic devices exploit the coherent coupling between excitonic and photonic degrees of freedom to perform highly nonlinear operations with low input powers. Most of the current results exploit excitons in epitaxially grown quantum wells and require low-temperature operation, while viable alternatives have yet to be found at room temperature. We show that large single-crystal flakes of two-dimensional layered perovskite are able to sustain strong polariton nonlinearities at room temperature without the need to be embedded in an optical cavity formed by highly reflecting mirrors. In particular, exciton-exciton interaction energies are shown to be spin dependent, remarkably similar to the ones known for inorganic quantum wells at cryogenic temperatures, and more than one order of magnitude larger than alternative room temperature polariton devices reported so far. Because of their easy fabrication, large dipolar oscillator strengths, and strong nonlinearities, these materials pave the way for realization of polariton devices at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Ardizzone
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Maiorano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Dominici
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G. Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Gerace
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - D. Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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50
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Zhizhchenko A, Syubaev S, Berestennikov A, Yulin AV, Porfirev A, Pushkarev A, Shishkin I, Golokhvast K, Bogdanov AA, Zakhidov AA, Kuchmizhak AA, Kivshar YS, Makarov SV. Single-Mode Lasing from Imprinted Halide-Perovskite Microdisks. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4140-4147. [PMID: 30844247 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Halide-perovskite microlasers have demonstrated fascinating performance owing to their low-threshold lasing at room temperature and low-cost fabrication. However, being synthesized chemically, controllable fabrication of such microlasers remains challenging, and it requires template-assisted growth or complicated nanolithography. Here, we suggest and implement an approach for the fabrication of microlasers by direct laser ablation of a thin film on glass with donut-shaped femtosecond laser beams. The fabricated microlasers represent MAPbBr xI y microdisks with 760 nm thickness and diameters ranging from 2 to 9 μm that are controlled by a topological charge of the vortex beam. As a result, this method allows one to fabricate single-mode perovskite microlasers operating at room temperature in a broad spectral range (550-800 nm) with Q-factors up to 5500. High-speed fabrication and reproducibility of microdisk parameters, as well as a precise control of their location on a surface, make it possible to fabricate centimeter-sized arrays of such microlasers. Our finding is important for direct writing of fully integrated coherent light sources for advanced photonic and optoelectronic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Zhizhchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes (IACP) , Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
| | - Sergey Syubaev
- Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes (IACP) , Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
| | | | | | - Alexey Porfirev
- Samara National Research University , Samara 443086 , Russia
- Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS-Branch of FSRC "Crystallography & Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Science , Samara 443001 , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Anvar A Zakhidov
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101 , Russia
- University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Aleksandr A Kuchmizhak
- Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes (IACP) , Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok 690091 , Russia
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101 , Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
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