1
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Coenen A. Sensory gating and gaining in sleep: the balance between the protection of sleep and the safeness of life (a review). J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14152. [PMID: 38286435 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a brain state characterised by a low vigilance level and diminished consciousness. Reaction to and processing of external stimuli is attenuated in sleep. During sleep, the reticular thalamic nucleus reduces the flow of sensory activity to the cerebral cortex through inhibition of the thalamus. This sensory gating process facilitates sleep. After reaching the afferent layers of primary cortex, the reduced sensory flow is adjusted, gained, and processed within various cortical layers before being transferred by the corticofugal system back to appropriate subdivisions of the thalamus as feedback. Thalamic subdivisions then dispatch this sensory information to related areas of the cerebral cortex, where it is (sub)consciously perceived. When necessary, a sleeping individual can be awakened by a wake-up call, either by stimuli indicating danger, or by personally meaningful stimuli. It is safe for a sleeping individual that it can be aroused when necessary. Evidently, there are two processes by which the brain adjusts the response to sensory stimuli before entering (sub)consciousness. Firstly 'sensory gating', a process favourable to the maintenance of sleep by reducing the sensory input to the brain through the reticular thalamic nucleus and secondly 'sensory gaining', a process implying that the gained preserved sensory input is continuously analysed by the corticofugal system to detect dangerous and relevant environmental elements, indispensable for safeness and well-being of the sleeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Coenen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Beguin E, Maranci JB, Leu-Semenescu S, Dodet P, Gales A, Oudiette D, Andrillon T, Arnulf I. "I know when to stop": Sentinels and counter-strategies against drowsy driving in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Sleep 2024:zsae168. [PMID: 39208413 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To collect prodromal symptoms experienced by participants with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (considered "hypersomnolence experts") prior to drowsy driving and counter-strategies used to maintain alertness. METHODS Systematic, face-to-face interview (using a semi-structured questionnaire), including clinical measures, frequency of car accidents/near misses, and symptoms experienced before impending drowsy driving episodes and counter-strategies. RESULTS Among 61 participants (32 with narcolepsy, 29 with idiopathic hypersomnia; 56 drivers), 61% of drivers had at least one lifetime accident/near miss. They had a higher sleepiness score (14 ± 4 vs. 11 ± 5, P<0.04) than those without an accident/near miss, but no other differences in demographics, driving experience, medical conditions, symptoms, sleep tests, and treatment. All but three participants experienced prodromal symptoms of drowsy driving, which included postural and motor changes (86.9%: axial hypotonia - e.g., eyelid droop, stereotyped movements), cognitive impairment (53.3%: automatic steering, difficulty concentrating/shifting, dissociation, mind wandering, dreaming), sensory (65%: paresthesia, pain, stiffness, heaviness, blunted perceptions such as a flat dashboard with loss of 3D, illusions and hallucinations), and autonomic symptoms (10%, altered heart/breath rate, penile erection). Counterstrategies included self-stimulation from external sources (pain, cold air, music, drinks, driving with bare feet), motor changes (upright posture, movements), and surprise (sudden braking). CONCLUSIONS Drowsy driving symptoms can result from "local" NREM, entry in N1 sleep, and hybrid wake/REM sleep states. These rich qualitative insights from participants with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, as well as sophisticated counter-strategies, can be gathered to reduce the crash risk in this population, but also in inexperienced healthy drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Beguin
- Neurology Department, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Maranci
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Smaranda Leu-Semenescu
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Dodet
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ana Gales
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Clinic, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, DMU APPROCHES, APHP-Sorbonne, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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3
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Bloxham A, Horton CL. Enhancing and advancing the understanding and study of dreaming and memory consolidation: Reflections, challenges, theoretical clarity, and methodological considerations. Conscious Cogn 2024; 123:103719. [PMID: 38941924 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Empirical investigations that search for a link between dreaming and sleep-dependent memory consolidation have focused on testing for an association between dreaming of what was learned, and improved memory performance for learned material. Empirical support for this is mixed, perhaps owing to the inherent challenges presented by the nature of dreams, and methodological inconsistencies. The purpose of this paper is to address critically prevalent assumptions and practices, with the aim of clarifying and enhancing research on this topic, chiefly by providing a theoretical synthesis of existing models and evidence. Also, it recommends the method of Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) as a means for investigating if dream content can be linked to specific cued activations. Other recommendations to enhance research practice and enquiry on this subject are also provided, focusing on the HOW and WHY we search for memory sources in dreams, and what purpose (if any) they might serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bloxham
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom.
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4
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Azcona-Granada N, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Sauce B. Overlapping genetic influences between creativity and borderline personality symptoms in a large Dutch sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17589. [PMID: 39080443 PMCID: PMC11289366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Creativity and mental disorders are sometimes seen as intertwined, but research is still unclear on whether, how much, and why. Here we explore the potential role of shared genetic factors behind creativity and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD, characterized by mood swings and randomness of thoughts). Data were collected from 6745 twins (2378 complete pairs) by the Netherlands Twin Register on BPD scores (PAI-BOR questionnaire) and working in a creative profession (proxy for creativity). First, we tested whether there is an association between BPD symptoms and creative professions. Results confirmed that individuals scoring higher on the BPD spectrum are more likely to have a creative profession (Cohen's d = 0.16). Next, we modeled how much of this association reflects underlying genetic and/or environmental correlations-by using a bivariate classical twin design. We found that creativity and BPD were each influenced by genetic factors (heritability = 0.45 for BPD and 0.67 for creativity) and that these traits are genetically correlated rG = 0.17. Environmental influences were not correlated. This is evidence for a common genetic mechanism between borderline personality scores and creativity which may reflect causal effects and shed light on mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Azcona-Granada
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Wellbeing, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Abdou K, Nomoto M, Aly MH, Ibrahim AZ, Choko K, Okubo-Suzuki R, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Prefrontal coding of learned and inferred knowledge during REM and NREM sleep. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4566. [PMID: 38914541 PMCID: PMC11196720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Idling brain activity has been proposed to facilitate inference, insight, and innovative problem-solving. However, it remains unclear how and when the idling brain can create novel ideas. Here, we show that cortical offline activity is both necessary and sufficient for building unlearned inferential knowledge from previously acquired information. In a transitive inference paradigm, male C57BL/6J mice gained the inference 1 day after, but not shortly after, complete training. Inhibiting the neuronal computations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during post-learning either non-rapid eye movement (NREM) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not wakefulness, disrupted the inference without affecting the learned knowledge. In vivo Ca2+ imaging suggests that NREM sleep organizes the scattered learned knowledge in a complete hierarchy, while REM sleep computes the inferential information from the organized hierarchy. Furthermore, after insufficient learning, artificial activation of medial entorhinal cortex-ACC dialog during only REM sleep created inferential knowledge. Collectively, our study provides a mechanistic insight on NREM and REM coordination in weaving inferential knowledge, thus highlighting the power of idling brain in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdou
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z Ibrahim
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiriko Choko
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Reiko Okubo-Suzuki
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Centre for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 3290498, Japan
- Centre for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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6
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Jones AM, Itti L, Sheth BR. Expert-level sleep staging using an electrocardiography-only feed-forward neural network. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108545. [PMID: 38749325 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Reliable classification of sleep stages is crucial in sleep medicine and neuroscience research for providing valuable insights, diagnoses, and understanding of brain states. The current gold standard method for sleep stage classification is polysomnography (PSG). Unfortunately, PSG is an expensive and cumbersome process involving numerous electrodes, often conducted in an unfamiliar clinic and annotated by a professional. Although commercial devices like smartwatches track sleep, their performance is well below PSG. To address these disadvantages, we present a feed-forward neural network that achieves gold-standard levels of agreement using only a single lead of electrocardiography (ECG) data. Specifically, the median five-stage Cohen's kappa is 0.725 on a large, diverse dataset of 5 to 90-year-old subjects. Comparisons with a comprehensive meta-analysis of between-human inter-rater agreement confirm the non-inferior performance of our model. Finally, we developed a novel loss function to align the training objective with Cohen's kappa. Our method offers an inexpensive, automated, and convenient alternative for sleep stage classification-further enhanced by a real-time scoring option. Cardiosomnography, or a sleep study conducted with ECG only, could take expert-level sleep studies outside the confines of clinics and laboratories and into realistic settings. This advancement democratizes access to high-quality sleep studies, considerably enhancing the field of sleep medicine and neuroscience. It makes less-expensive, higher-quality studies accessible to a broader community, enabling improved sleep research and more personalized, accessible sleep-related healthcare interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Laurent Itti
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhavin R Sheth
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for NeuroEngineering and Cognitive Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Zeng Y, Deng J, Xing Q, Luo J. The involvement of decomposition and composition processes in restructuring during problem solving. Conscious Cogn 2024; 121:103685. [PMID: 38598896 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Decomposition of chunks has been widely accepted as a critical proxy of restructuring, but the role of composition in forming new representations has been largely neglected. This study aims to investigate the roles of both decomposition and composition processes in chunk restructuring, as well as their relationships with "aha" experiences during problem-solving. Participants were asked to move a part of a character to another character to create two new characters. Across three experiments, the characters to be decomposed or composed were varied in terms of tight or loose chunks. The results showed that decomposition or composition of tight chunks led to lower success rates, longer response times, and significantly stronger "Aha!" emotional experiences (mainly in terms of surprise and suddenness). This study provides evidence for the contribution of both decomposition and composition processes to restructuring in creative insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Yizhu Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Yuxin Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Jiamin Deng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Qiang Xing
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, China.
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8
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Paller KA. Recurring memory reactivation: The offline component of learning. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108840. [PMID: 38417546 PMCID: PMC10981210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
One can be aware of the effort needed to memorize a new fact or to recall the name of a new acquaintance. Because of experiences like this, learning can seem to have only two components, encoding information and, after some delay, retrieving information. To the contrary, learning entails additional, intervening steps that sometimes are hidden from the learner. For firmly acquiring fact and event knowledge in particular, learners are generally not cognizant of the necessity of offline consolidation. The memories that persist to be available reliably at a later time, according to the present conceptualization, are the ones we repeatedly rehearse and integrate with other knowledge, whether we do this intentionally or unknowingly, awake or asleep. This article examines the notion that learning is not a function of waking brain activity alone. What happens in the brain while we sleep also impacts memory storage, and consequently is a critical component of learning. The idea that memories can change over time and become enduring has long been present in memory research and is foundational for the concept of memory consolidation. Nevertheless, the notion that memory consolidation happens during sleep faced much resistance before eventually being firmly established. Research is still needed to elucidate the operation and repercussions of repeated reactivation during sleep. Comprehensively understanding how offline memory reactivation contributes to learning is vital for both theoretical and practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken A Paller
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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9
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Lacaux C, Strauss M, Bekinschtein TA, Oudiette D. Embracing sleep-onset complexity. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:273-288. [PMID: 38519370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for many vital functions and has been extensively studied. By contrast, the sleep-onset period (SOP), often portrayed as a mere prelude to sleep, has been largely overlooked and remains poorly characterized. Recent findings, however, have reignited interest in this transitional period and have shed light on its neural mechanisms, cognitive dynamics, and clinical implications. This review synthesizes the existing knowledge about the SOP in humans. We first examine the current definition of the SOP and its limits, and consider the dynamic and complex electrophysiological changes that accompany the descent to sleep. We then describe the interplay between internal and external processing during the wake-to-sleep transition. Finally, we discuss the putative cognitive benefits of the SOP and identify novel directions to better diagnose sleep-onset disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lacaux
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institut du Cerveau (Paris Brain Institute), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France.
| | - Mélanie Strauss
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Sleep Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Site Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tristan A Bekinschtein
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Institut du Cerveau (Paris Brain Institute), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France; Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris 75013, France.
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10
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Andrillon T, Oudiette D. What is sleep exactly? Global and local modulations of sleep oscillations all around the clock. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105465. [PMID: 37972882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Wakefulness, non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) and rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep differ from each other along three dimensions: behavioral, phenomenological, physiological. Although these dimensions often fluctuate in step, they can also dissociate. The current paradigm that views sleep as made of global NREM and REM states fail to account for these dissociations. This conundrum can be dissolved by stressing the existence and significance of the local regulation of sleep. We will review the evidence in animals and humans, healthy and pathological brains, showing different forms of local sleep and the consequences on behavior, cognition, and subjective experience. Altogether, we argue that the notion of local sleep provides a unified account for a host of phenomena: dreaming in REM and NREM sleep, NREM and REM parasomnias, intrasleep responsiveness, inattention and mind wandering in wakefulness. Yet, the physiological origins of local sleep or its putative functions remain unclear. Exploring further local sleep could provide a unique and novel perspective on how and why we sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andrillon
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm-CNRS, Paris 75013, France; Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm-CNRS, Paris 75013, France
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11
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Sayalı C, van den Bosch R, Määttä JI, Hofmans L, Papadopetraki D, Booij J, Verkes RJ, Baas M, Cools R. Methylphenidate undermines or enhances divergent creativity depending on baseline dopamine synthesis capacity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1849-1858. [PMID: 37270619 PMCID: PMC10584959 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamine-enhancing psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate have long been argued to undermine creative thinking. However, prior evidence for this is weak or contradictory, stemming from studies with small sample sizes that do not consider the well-established large variability in psychostimulant effects across different individuals and task demands. We aimed to definitively establish the link between psychostimulants and creative thinking by measuring effects of methylphenidate in 90 healthy participants on distinct creative tasks that measure convergent and divergent thinking, as a function of individuals' baseline dopamine synthesis capacity, indexed with 18F-FDOPA PET imaging. In a double-blind, within-subject design, participants were administered methylphenidate, placebo or selective D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. The results showed that striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and/or methylphenidate administration did not affect divergent and convergent thinking. However, exploratory analysis demonstrated a baseline dopamine-dependent effect of methylphenidate on a measure of response divergence, a creativity measure that measures response variability. Response divergence was reduced by methylphenidate in participants with low dopamine synthesis capacity but enhanced in those with high dopamine synthesis capacity. No evidence of any effect of sulpiride was found. These results show that methylphenidate can undermine certain forms of divergent creativity but only in individuals with low baseline dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Sayalı
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ruben van den Bosch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica I Määttä
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lieke Hofmans
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danae Papadopetraki
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Andrillon T. How we sleep: From brain states to processes. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:649-657. [PMID: 37625978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
All our lives, we alternate between wakefulness and sleep with direct consequences on our ability to interact with our environment, the dynamics and contents of our subjective experience, and our brain activity. Consequently, sleep has been extensively characterised in terms of behavioural, phenomenological, and physiological changes, the latter constituting the gold standard of sleep research. The common view is thus that sleep represents a collection of discrete states with distinct neurophysiological signatures. However, recent findings challenge such a monolithic view of sleep. Indeed, there can be sharp discrepancies in time and space in the activity displayed by different brain regions or networks, making it difficult to assign a global vigilance state to such a mosaic of contrasted dynamics. Viewing sleep as a multidimensional continuum rather than a succession of non-overlapping and mutually exclusive states could account for these local aspects of sleep. Moving away from the focus on sleep states, sleep can also be investigated through the brain processes that are present in sleep, if not necessarily specific to sleep. This focus on processes rather than states allows to see sleep for what it does rather than what it is, avoiding some of the limitations of the state perspective and providing a powerful heuristic to understand sleep. Indeed, what is sleep if not a process itself that makes up wake up every morning with a brain cleaner, leaner and less cluttered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Andrillon
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France; Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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13
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Horowitz AH, Esfahany K, Gálvez TV, Maes P, Stickgold R. Targeted dream incubation at sleep onset increases post-sleep creative performance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7319. [PMID: 37188795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between dreams and creativity has been a topic of intense speculation. Recent scientific findings suggest that sleep onset (known as N1) may be an ideal brain state for creative ideation. However, the specific link between N1 dream content and creativity has remained unclear. To investigate the contribution of N1 dream content to creative performance, we administered targeted dream incubation (a protocol that presents auditory cues at sleep onset to introduce specific themes into dreams) and collected dream reports to measure incorporation of the selected theme into dream content. We then assessed creative performance using a set of three theme-related creativity tasks. Our findings show enhanced creative performance and greater semantic distance in task responses following a period of N1 sleep as compared to wake, corroborating recent work identifying N1 as a creative sweet spot and offering novel evidence for N1 enabling a cognitive state with greater associative divergence. We further demonstrate that successful N1 dream incubation enhances creative performance more than N1 sleep alone. To our knowledge, this is the first controlled experiment investigating a direct role of incubating dream content in the enhancement of creative performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Haar Horowitz
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Center for Sleep and Cognition and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kathleen Esfahany
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tomás Vega Gálvez
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pattie Maes
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Center for Sleep and Cognition and Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Cunningham TJ. The next step in understanding the function of dreams. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad010. [PMID: 36656722 PMCID: PMC10091084 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Cunningham
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Psychiatry Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Picard-Deland C, Konkoly K, Raider R, Paller KA, Nielsen T, Pigeon WR, Carr M. The memory sources of dreams: serial awakenings across sleep stages and time of night. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac292. [PMID: 36462190 PMCID: PMC10091095 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories of waking-life events are incorporated into dreams, but their incorporation is not uniform across a night of sleep. This study aimed to elucidate ways in which such memory sources vary by sleep stage and time of night. Twenty healthy participants (11 F; 24.1 ± 5.7 years) spent a night in the laboratory and were awakened for dream collection approximately 12 times spread across early, middle, and late periods of sleep, while covering all stages of sleep (N1, N2, N3, REM). In the morning, participants identified and dated associated memories of waking-life events for each dream report, when possible. The incorporation of recent memory sources in dreams was more frequent in N1 and REM than in other sleep stages. The incorporation of distant memories from over a week ago, semantic memories not traceable to a single event, and anticipated future events remained stable throughout sleep. In contrast, the relative proportions of recent versus distant memory sources changed across the night, independently of sleep stage, with late-night dreams in all stages having relatively less recent and more remote memory sources than dreams earlier in the night. Qualitatively, dreams tended to repeat similar themes across the night and in different sleep stages. The present findings clarify the temporal course of memory incorporations in dreams, highlighting a specific connection between time of night and the temporal remoteness of memories. We discuss how dream content may, at least in part, reflect the mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Konkoly
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Raider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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16
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Chen ZS, Wilson MA. How our understanding of memory replay evolves. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:552-580. [PMID: 36752404 PMCID: PMC9988534 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00454.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory reactivations and replay, widely reported in the hippocampus and cortex across species, have been implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and spatial and skill learning. Technological advances in electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and human neuroimaging techniques have enabled neuroscientists to measure large-scale neural activity with increasing spatiotemporal resolution and have provided opportunities for developing robust analytic methods to identify memory replay. In this article, we first review a large body of historically important and representative memory replay studies from the animal and human literature. We then discuss our current understanding of memory replay functions in learning, planning, and memory consolidation and further discuss the progress in computational modeling that has contributed to these improvements. Next, we review past and present analytic methods for replay analyses and discuss their limitations and challenges. Finally, looking ahead, we discuss some promising analytic methods for detecting nonstereotypical, behaviorally nondecodable structures from large-scale neural recordings. We argue that seamless integration of multisite recordings, real-time replay decoding, and closed-loop manipulation experiments will be essential for delineating the role of memory replay in a wide range of cognitive and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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17
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Pupil Dynamics-derived Sleep Stage Classification of a Head-fixed Mouse Using a Recurrent Neural Network. Keio J Med 2023. [PMID: 36740272 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2022-0020-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The standard method for sleep state classification is thresholding the amplitudes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data, followed by manual correction by an expert. Although popular, this method has some shortcomings: (1) the time-consuming manual correction by human experts is sometimes a bottleneck hindering sleep studies, (2) EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with wide-field imaging of the cortical activity of a head-fixed mouse under a microscope, (3) invasive surgery to fix the electrodes on the thin mouse skull risks brain tissue injury, and (4) metal electrodes for EEG and EMG recording are difficult to apply to some experimental apparatus such as that for functional magnetic resonance imaging. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a pupil dynamics-based vigilance state classification method for a head-fixed mouse using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a variant of a recurrent neural network, for multi-class labeling of NREM, REM, and WAKE states. For supervisory hypnography, EEG and EMG recording were performed on head-fixed mice. This setup was combined with left eye pupillometry using a USB camera and a markerless tracking toolbox, DeepLabCut. Our open-source LSTM model with feature inputs of pupil diameter, pupil location, pupil velocity, and eyelid opening for 10 s at a 10 Hz sampling rate achieved vigilance state estimation with a higher classification performance (macro F1 score, 0.77; accuracy, 86%) than a feed-forward neural network. Findings from a diverse range of pupillary dynamics implied possible subdivision of the vigilance states defined by EEG and EMG. Pupil dynamics-based hypnography can expand the scope of alternatives for sleep stage scoring of head-fixed mice.
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18
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Arnulf I. Ideas that come at night: on sleep research in 2022. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:23-24. [PMID: 36517161 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris 75013, France.
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19
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Ghandour K, Inokuchi K. Memory reactivations during sleep. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:60-65. [PMID: 36581176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activities that occur during awake periods are often reactivated again during sleep, to consolidate recently encoded memories, a process known as consolidation. In recent years, advanced tools, specially optical techniques and in-vivo live Ca2+ imaging, have revealed a deeper understanding to the offline periods' neuronal activities and their correspondence to later awake behavioral outputs. Recently, there is a growing consensus that sleep is more of an active process. Sleep has been associated with various functions, memory updating, future imaginations of possible familiar scenarios, decision making and planning by replaying past memories. Also, boosting insightful thoughts, creative thinking and problem solving by forming new associations and connections that were not present in awake states. Sleep activities have been directly associated with many "EUREKA" or "AHA" moments. Here, we describe recent views on memory reactivations during sleep and their implications on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ghandour
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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20
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Imagetic and affective measures of memory reverberation diverge at sleep onset in association with theta rhythm. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119690. [PMID: 36261058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'day residue' - the presence of waking memories into dreams - is a century-old concept that remains controversial in neuroscience. Even at the psychological level, it remains unclear how waking imagery cedes into dreams. Are visual and affective residues enhanced, modified, or erased at sleep onset? Are they linked, or dissociated? What are the neural correlates of these transformations? To address these questions we combined quantitative semantics, sleep EEG markers, visual stimulation, and multiple awakenings to investigate visual and affect residues in hypnagogic imagery at sleep onset. Healthy adults were repeatedly stimulated with an affective image, allowed to sleep and awoken seconds to minutes later, during waking (WK), N1 or N2 sleep stages. 'Image Residue' was objectively defined as the formal semantic similarity between oral reports describing the last image visualized before closing the eyes ('ground image'), and oral reports of subsequent visual imagery ('hypnagogic imagery). Similarly, 'Affect Residue' measured the proximity of affective valences between 'ground image' and 'hypnagogic imagery'. We then compared these grounded measures of two distinct aspects of the 'day residue', calculated within participants, to randomly generated values calculated across participants. The results show that Image Residue persisted throughout the transition to sleep, increasing during N1 in proportion to the time spent in this stage. In contrast, the Affect Residue was gradually neutralized as sleep progressed, decreasing in proportion to the time spent in N1 and reaching a minimum during N2. EEG power in the theta band (4.5-6.5 Hz) was inversely correlated with the Image Residue during N1. The results show that the visual and affective aspects of the 'day residue' in hypnagogic imagery diverge at sleep onset, possibly decoupling visual contents from strong negative emotions, in association with increased theta rhythm.
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21
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Lacaux C. A doorway into possibility. Science 2022; 378:611. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The borderland between wakefulness and sleep promotes creativity
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lacaux
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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22
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Guo B, Song Y, Zhao L, Cheng X, Ma H, Qiu X, Yang X, Qiao Z, Zhao E, Bu T, Yang J, Mishra R, Yang Y, Zhou J. Sleep quality and creativity in Chinese college student during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of executive function. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987372. [PMID: 36311563 PMCID: PMC9609157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has impacted adolescents' interpersonal relationships, life attitudes, and mental health during the past 3 years. However, previous studies predominantly focused on negative problems, while few studies assessed the situation of teenagers from the perspective of positive psychology. Therefore, this study explores the creativity level of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between sleep quality and creativity, and the mediating role of executive function. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted across six colleges in Heilongjiang in China, with a sample of 4,258 college students recruited via stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through an online survey. A mediation model was constructed, and SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyze the data. Results The creativity score of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 106.48 ± 13.61. Correlation analysis demonstrated that sleep quality correlated negatively with creativity (r = -0.08, P < 0.01) but positively with executive function (r=0.45, P < 0.01), whilst executive function correlated negatively with creativity (r = -0.10, P < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model revealed that executive function partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and creativity in college students (indirect effect = -0.017, SE = 0.004, 95% CI = [-0.025, -0.008]). Executive function accounted for 48.6% of the variance in college students' creativity. Conclusion School administrators should implement measures such as sleep education to enhance students' sleep quality. Concurrently, curriculum and assessment implementation should enhance executive function. Such measures can contribute to improved student creativity, thus helping students overcome the negative emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botang Guo
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Student Affairs, Mental Health Education Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Human Resource Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhui Cheng
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanze Ma
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Bu
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Academy of Educational Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Rupam Mishra
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Yanjie Yang
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Psychological Science and Health Management Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Jiawei Zhou
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23
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Goetting MG. Role of Psychologists in Pediatric Sleep Medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:989-1002. [PMID: 36207108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders commonly afflict infants, children, and adolescents and have a significant adverse impact on them and their families, sometimes to a severe degree. They can cause immediate stress and suffering and long-term loss of opportunities and potential. Many of these disorders can be well managed by the psychologist and often one is required, either as the sole provider or as an integral part of a team. Sleep disorders have a bidirectional interplay with mental health disorders. The patient may therefore present initially to the psychologist, primary care provider, or the sleep medicine specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Goetting
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Office 2627, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-8010, USA.
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24
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Lacaux C, Andrillon T, Arnulf I, Oudiette D. Memory loss at sleep onset. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac042. [PMID: 36415306 PMCID: PMC9677600 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Every night, we pass through a transitory zone at the borderland between wakefulness and sleep, named the first stage of nonrapid eye movement sleep (N1). N1 sleep is associated with increased hippocampal activity and dream-like experiences that incorporate recent wake materials, suggesting that it may be associated with memory processing. Here, we investigated the specific contribution of N1 sleep in the processing of memory traces. Participants were asked to learn the precise locations of 48 objects on a grid and were then tested on their memory for these items before and after a 30-min rest during which participants either stayed fully awake or transitioned toward N1 or deeper (N2) sleep. We showed that memory recall was lower (10% forgetting) after a resting period, including only N1 sleep compared to N2 sleep. Furthermore, the ratio of alpha/theta power (an electroencephalography marker of the transition toward sleep) correlated negatively with the forgetting rate when taking into account all sleepers (N1 and N2 groups combined), suggesting a physiological index for memory loss that transcends sleep stages. Our findings suggest that interrupting sleep onset at N1 may alter sleep-dependent memory consolidation and promote forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lacaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov'it team, Inserm, CNRS, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital , Paris 75013 , France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov'it team, Inserm, CNRS, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital , Paris 75013 , France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov'it team, Inserm, CNRS, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital , Paris 75013 , France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy , 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013 , France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov'it team, Inserm, CNRS, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital , Paris 75013 , France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy , 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013 , France
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