1
|
Des Marais DL. Timing is everything: How plants optimize reproduction in a variable environment. Cell 2024; 187:3504-3505. [PMID: 38996485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Organisms experience a constantly changing environment and must adjust their development to maximize fitness. These "life histories" are fantastically diverse and have fascinated biologists for decades. Recent work published in Cell reveals the complex genetic mechanisms that drive life-history variation within and among species in the Brassicaceae plant family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Des Marais
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Ma R, Bhalerao RP. Perenniality: the tale of three MADS-box genes. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-01001-7. [PMID: 38992287 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ruichen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Michl K, David C, Dumont B, Mårtensson LMD, Rasche F, Berg G, Cernava T. Determining the footprint of breeding in the seed microbiome of a perennial cereal. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:40. [PMID: 38886863 PMCID: PMC11184768 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed endophytes have a significant impact on plant health and fitness. They can be inherited and passed on to the next plant generation. However, the impact of breeding on their composition in seeds is less understood. Here, we studied the indigenous seed microbiome of a recently domesticated perennial grain crop (Intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium L.) that promises great potential for harnessing microorganisms to enhance crop performance by a multiphasic approach, including amplicon and strain libraries, as well as molecular and physiological assays. RESULTS Intermediate wheatgrass seeds harvested from four field sites in Europe over three consecutive years were dominated by Proteobacteria (88%), followed by Firmicutes (10%). Pantoea was the most abundant genus and Pantoea agglomerans was identified as the only core taxon present in all samples. While bacterial diversity and species richness were similar across all accessions, the relative abundance varied especially in terms of low abundant and rare taxa. Seeds from four different breeding cycles (TLI C3, C5, C704, C801) showed significant differences in bacterial community composition and abundance. We found a decrease in the relative abundance of the functional genes nirK and nifH as well as a drop in bacterial diversity and richness. This was associated with a loss of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacilli, which could be partially compensated in offspring seeds, which have been cultivated at a new site. Interestingly, only a subset assigned to potentially beneficial bacteria, e.g. Pantoea, Kosakonia, and Pseudomonas, was transmitted to the next plant generation or shared with offspring seeds. CONCLUSION Overall, this study advances our understanding of the assembly and transmission of endophytic seed microorganisms in perennial intermediate wheatgrass and highlights the importance of considering the plant microbiome in future breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Michl
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christophe David
- Department of Agroecosystems, Environment and Production, ISARA, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, Lyon Cedex 07, 69364, France
| | - Benjamin Dumont
- Plant Sciences Axis, Crop Science lab, ULiege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, B- 5030, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Leibnitz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang K, Li J, Fan Y, Yang J. Temperature Effect on Rhizome Development in Perennial rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:32. [PMID: 38717687 PMCID: PMC11078906 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional agriculture is becoming increasingly not adapted to global climate change. Compared with annual rice, perennial rice has strong environmental adaptation and needs fewer natural resources and labor inputs. Rhizome, a kind of underground stem for rice to achieve perenniallity, can grow underground horizontally and then bend upward, developing into aerial stems. The temperature has a great influence on plant development. To date, the effect of temperature on rhizome development is still unknown. Fine temperature treatment of Oryza longistaminata (OL) proved that compared with higher temperatures (28-30 ℃), lower temperature (17-19 ℃) could promote the sprouting of axillary buds and enhance negative gravitropism of branches, resulting in shorter rhizomes. The upward growth of branches was earlier at low temperature than that at high temperature, leading to a high frequency of shorter rhizomes and smaller branch angles. Comparative transcriptome showed that plant hormones played an essential role in the response of OL to temperature. The expressions of ARF17, ARF25 and FucT were up-regulated at low temperature, resulting in prospectively asymmetric auxin distribution, which subsequently induced asymmetric expression of IAA20 and WOX11 between the upper and lower side of the rhizome, further leading to upward growth of the rhizome. Cytokinin and auxin are phytohormones that can promote and inhibit bud outgrowth, respectively. The auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA1 and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene CKX4 and CKX9 were up-regulated, while cytokinin biosynthesis gene IPT4 was down-regulated at high temperature. Moreover, the D3 and D14 in strigolactones pathways, negatively regulating bud outgrowth, were up-regulated at high temperature. These results indicated that cytokinin, auxins, and strigolactones jointly control bud outgrowth at different temperatures. Our research revealed that the outgrowth of axillary bud and the upward growth of OL rhizome were earlier at lower temperature, providing clues for understanding the rhizome growth habit under different temperatures, which would be helpful for cultivating perennial rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yourong Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jiangyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Craine EB, Şakiroğlu M, Barriball S, Peters TE, Schlautman B. Perennial Baki™ Bean Safety for Human Consumption: Evidence from an Analysis of Heavy Metals, Folate, Canavanine, Mycotoxins, Microorganisms and Pesticides. Molecules 2024; 29:1777. [PMID: 38675597 PMCID: PMC11052107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Global food production relies on annual grain crops. The reliability and productivity of these crops are threatened by adaptations to climate change and unsustainable rates of soil loss associated with their cultivation. Perennial grain crops, which do not require planting every year, have been proposed as a transformative solution to these challenges. Perennial grain crops typically rely on wild species as direct domesticates or as sources of perenniality in hybridization with annual grains. Onobrychis spp. (sainfoins) are a genus of perennial legumes domesticated as ancient forages. Baki™ bean is the tradename for pulses derived from sainfoins, with ongoing domestication underway to extend demonstrated benefits to sustainable agriculture. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence characterizing the nutritional quality of Baki™ bean. Through two studies, we investigated the safety of Baki™ bean for human consumption. We quantified heavy metals, folate, and canavanine for samples from commercial seed producers, and we quantified levels of mycotoxins, microorganisms, and pesticides in samples from a single year and seed producer, representing different varieties and production locations. The investigated analytes were not detectable or occurred at levels that do not pose a significant safety risk. Overall, this study supports the safety of Baki™ bean for human consumption as a novel pulse crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan B. Craine
- The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA; (S.B.); (T.E.P.)
| | - Muhammet Şakiroğlu
- Bioengineering Department, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu M, Tello E, Hatzakis E, Peterson DG. Identification of Compounds That Impact Consumer Flavor Liking of American-European Hazelnut Hybrids Using Nontargeted LC/MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8092-8102. [PMID: 38536005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
American-European (Corylus americana × Corylus avellana) hazelnut hybrids are being developed for the Midwest-growing region of the United States. However, an inadequate understanding of the compounds that impact the consumer acceptance of hazelnuts limits breeding programs. Nontargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) chemical profiles of 12 roasted hybrid hazelnut samples and the corresponding consumer flavor liking scores were modeled by orthogonal partial least squares with good fit and predictive ability (R2Y > 0.9, Q2 > 0.9) to identify compounds that impact nut liking. The five most predictive compounds (1-5) were negatively correlated to flavor liking, selected as putative markers, purified by multidimensional preparative LC/MS, structurally elucidated (nuclear magnetic resonance, MS), quantified, and validated for sensory relevance. Compound 1 was identified as 1″-O-3'-b-glucofuranosyl-1'-O-1-b-glucofuranosyl-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethan-4-one. Compounds 2 and 4 were identified as rotamers of 2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl) acetic acid 3-O-6'-galactopyranosyl-2″-(2″oxoindolin-3″yl) acetate, whereas compounds 3 and 5 were identified as rotamers of 1″-O-1'-b-glucofuranosyl-9-O-6'-b-glucopyranosyl-2″-(2″-oxoindolin-3″yl) acetate. Sensory evaluation determined that all compounds were characterized by bitterness and/or astringency. The sensory threshold values of compounds 1-5 were determined to be below the concentrations reported in 91, 83, 41, 25, and 41% of all 12 hybrid hazelnut samples, respectively, indicating they contributed to aversive flavor attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 110 Parker Building, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Edisson Tello
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 110 Parker Building, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 110 Parker Building, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Devin G Peterson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 110 Parker Building, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Craine EB, Barriball S, Şakiroğlu M, Peters T, Schlautman B. Amino acid and fatty acid profiles of perennial Baki™ bean. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1292628. [PMID: 38283912 PMCID: PMC10811165 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1292628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To realize the potential of sainfoins to contribute to sustainable agriculture and expand on demonstrated uses and benefits, de novo domestication is occurring to develop perennial Baki™ bean, the trade name used by The Land Institute for pulses (i.e., grain legumes) derived from sainfoins. The objective of this study was to characterize amino acid and fatty acid profiles of depodded seeds from commercial sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) seed lots, and compare these results with data published in the Global Food Composition Database for Pulses. The fatty acid profile consisted primarily of polyunsaturated fatty acids (56.8%), compared to monounsaturated (29.0%) and saturated fatty acids (14.2%), and n-3 fatty acids (39.5%), compared to n-9 (28.4%) and n-6 (17.6%) fatty acids. The essential fatty acid linolenic acid (18,3 n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid (39.2%), followed by oleic acid (18,1 cis-9) (27.8%), and the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (18,2 n-6) (17.3%). The amino acid profile consisted primarily of the nonessential amino acids glutamic acid (18.3%), arginine (11.6%), and aspartic acid (10.8%), followed by the essential amino acids leucine (6.8%), and lysine (5.8%). Essential amino acid content met adult daily requirements for each amino acid. This indicates that sainfoin seeds may be a complete plant protein source. However, further research is necessary to better understand protein quality, defined by protein digestibility in addition to the amino acid profile. By demonstrating favorable fatty acid and amino acid profiles to human health, these results contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the potential benefits of perennial Baki™ bean, a novel, perennial pulse derived from sainfoins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammet Şakiroğlu
- Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao B, Wang JW. Perenniality: From model plants to applications in agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:141-157. [PMID: 38115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments. One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies, particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death, while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally. This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors. Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common, perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses. This proportion, however, is reversed in agriculture. Hence, perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops, progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials, and many developed species await further improvement. Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation. This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poppenwimer T, Mayrose I, DeMalach N. Revising the global biogeography of annual and perennial plants. Nature 2023; 624:109-114. [PMID: 37938778 PMCID: PMC10830411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
There are two main life cycles in plants-annual and perennial1,2. These life cycles are associated with different traits that determine ecosystem function3,4. Although life cycles are textbook examples of plant adaptation to different environments, we lack comprehensive knowledge regarding their global distributional patterns. Here we assembled an extensive database of plant life cycle assignments of 235,000 plant species coupled with millions of georeferenced datapoints to map the worldwide biogeography of these plant species. We found that annual plants are half as common as initially thought5-8, accounting for only 6% of plant species. Our analyses indicate that annuals are favoured in hot and dry regions. However, a more accurate model shows that the prevalence of annual species is driven by temperature and precipitation in the driest quarter (rather than yearly means), explaining, for example, why some Mediterranean systems have more annuals than desert systems. Furthermore, this pattern remains consistent among different families, indicating convergent evolution. Finally, we demonstrate that increasing climate variability and anthropogenic disturbance increase annual favourability. Considering future climate change, we predict an increase in annual prevalence for 69% of the world's ecoregions by 2060. Overall, our analyses raise concerns for ecosystem services provided by perennial plants, as ongoing changes are leading to a higher proportion of annual plants globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Poppenwimer
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Niv DeMalach
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo C, Lin W, Gao W, Lan C, Xu H, Zou J, Fallah N, Wang W, Lin W, Chen T, Lin W. Physiological Properties of Perennial Rice Regenerating Cultivation in Two Years with Four Harvests. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3910. [PMID: 38005807 PMCID: PMC10674883 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Crop perennialization has garnered global attention recently due to its role in sustainable agriculture. However, there is still a lack of detailed information regarding perennial rice's regenerative characteristics and physiological mechanisms in crop ratooning systems with different rice stubble heights. In addition, the response of phytohormones to varying stubble heights and how this response influences the regenerative characteristics of ratoon rice remains poorly documented. Here, we explored the regenerative characteristics and physiological mechanisms of an annual hybrid rice, AR2640, and a perennial rice, PR25, subjected to different stubble heights (5, 10, and 15 cm). The response of phytohormones to varying stubble heights and how this response influences the regenerative characteristics of ratoon rice were also investigated. The results show that PR25 overwintered successfully and produced the highest yield, especially in the second ratoon season, mainly due to its extended growth duration, higher number of mother stems, tillers at the basal nodes, higher number of effective panicles, and heavier grain weight when subjected to lower stubble heights. Further analysis revealed that PR25 exhibited a higher regeneration rate from the lower-position nodes in the stem with lower stubble heights. this was primarily due to the higher contents of phytohormones, especially auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) at an early stage and abscisic acid (ABA) at a later stage after harvesting of the main crop. Our findings reveal how ratoon rice enhances performance based on different stubble heights, which provides valuable insights and serves as crucial references for delving deeper into cultivating high-yielding perennial rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wujie Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chaojie Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingnan Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nyumah Fallah
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenfang Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.G.); (W.G.); (J.Z.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes and Safety Monitoring, College of Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DeHaan LR, Anderson JA, Bajgain P, Basche A, Cattani DJ, Crain J, Crews TE, David C, Duchene O, Gutknecht J, Hayes RC, Hu F, Jungers JM, Knudsen S, Kong W, Larson S, Lundquist PO, Luo G, Miller AJ, Nabukalu P, Newell MT, Olsson L, Palmgren M, Paterson AH, Picasso VD, Poland JA, Sacks EJ, Wang S, Westerbergh A. Discussion: Prioritize perennial grain development for sustainable food production and environmental benefits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164975. [PMID: 37336402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grains have potential to contribute to ecological intensification of food production by enabling the direct harvest of human-edible crops without requiring annual cycles of disturbance and replanting. Studies of prototype perennial grains and other herbaceous perennials point to the ability of agroecosystems including these crops to protect water quality, enhance wildlife habitat, build soil quality, and sequester soil carbon. However, genetic improvement of perennial grain candidates has been hindered by limited investment due to uncertainty about whether the approach is viable. As efforts to develop perennial grain crops have expanded in past decades, critiques of the approach have arisen. With a recent report of perennial rice producing yields equivalent to those of annual rice over eight consecutive harvests, many theoretical concerns have been alleviated. Some valid questions remain over the timeline for new crop development, but we argue these may be mitigated by implementation of recent technological advances in crop breeding and genetics such as low-cost genotyping, genomic selection, and genome editing. With aggressive research investment in the development of new perennial grain crops, they can be developed and deployed to provide atmospheric greenhouse gas reductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA.
| | - James A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Prabin Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andrea Basche
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1875 N. 38th St, 279 PLSH, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
| | - Douglas J Cattani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jared Crain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Rd, 4024 Throckmorton PSC, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Timothy E Crews
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Christophe David
- ISARA, Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Richard C Hayes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Rd, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Fengyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Center of Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu N Rd, Wuhua District, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jacob M Jungers
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J. C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Steve Larson
- USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Research, 696 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Per-Olof Lundquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison J Miller
- Saint Louis University, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Olivette, MO 63132, USA
| | - Pheonah Nabukalu
- NESPAL, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Matthew T Newell
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra Agricultural Research Station, 296 Binni Creek Rd, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - Lennart Olsson
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, P.O. Box 170, SE-221 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jesse A Poland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shuwen Wang
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao L, Kantar MB, Moxley D, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Rieseberg LH. Crop adaptation to climate change: An evolutionary perspective. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1518-1546. [PMID: 37515323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined throughout their development, with responses to artificial selection yielding insights into the action of natural selection and evolutionary biology providing statistical and conceptual guidance for modern breeding. Here we offer an evolutionary perspective on a grand challenge of the 21st century: feeding humanity in the face of climate change. We first highlight promising strategies currently under way to adapt crops to current and future climate change. These include methods to match crop varieties with current and predicted environments and to optimize breeding goals, management practices, and crop microbiomes to enhance yield and sustainable production. We also describe the promise of crop wild relatives and recent technological innovations such as speed breeding, genomic selection, and genome editing for improving environmental resilience of existing crop varieties or for developing new crops. Next, we discuss how methods and theory from evolutionary biology can enhance these existing strategies and suggest novel approaches. We focus initially on methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of crops and their pests and symbionts, because such historical information provides an overall framework for crop-improvement efforts. We then describe how evolutionary approaches can be used to detect and mitigate the accumulation of deleterious mutations in crop genomes, identify alleles and mutations that underlie adaptation (and maladaptation) to agricultural environments, mitigate evolutionary trade-offs, and improve critical proteins. Continuing feedback between the evolution and crop biology communities will ensure optimal design of strategies for adapting crops to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael B Kantar
- Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dylan Moxley
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morgan R, Danilova T, Newell M, Cai X, Jones S. Agronomic Evaluation and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum spp. Derivative Breeding Lines Presenting Perennial Growth Habits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3217. [PMID: 37765381 PMCID: PMC10534903 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The transition from annual to perennial growth habits can contribute to increased sustainability and diversification of staple cropping systems like those based on annual wheat. Amphiploids between Triticum aestivum and Thinopyrum spp. can present a wheat-like morphology and post sexual cycle regrowth. The complex and unpredictable nature of the chromosomal rearrangements typical of inter-generic hybrids can hamper progress in the development of this new crop. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we described the genomic constitution of three perennial wheat breeding lines that regrew and completed a second year of production in field conditions in Washington state (USA). Two breeding lines presented stable, 56-chromosome partial amphiploids; however, their chromosome composition differed significantly. The third breeding line presented an unstable karyotype with a chromosome number ranging from 53 to 58 across eight individuals. The agronomic performance of the perennial breeding lines was evaluated for two growing seasons from 2020 to 2022. The grain yields of the perennial lines were lower than the grain production of the annual wheat control line in the first season. The perennial lines displayed vigorous regrowth after the initial harvest; however, worsening environmental conditions in the second season of growth hampered subsequent growth and grain yield. This information facilitates the breeding work necessary to improve key traits by grouping agronomically valuable individuals according to their genomic constitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Morgan
- WSU Breadlab, Department of Crop Science, Washington State University, 11768 Westar Ln, Burlington, WA 98233, USA;
| | - Tatiana Danilova
- Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (T.D.); (X.C.)
| | - Matthew Newell
- Cowra Agricultural Research Station, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 296 Binni Ck Rd, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia;
| | - Xiwen Cai
- Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (T.D.); (X.C.)
| | - Stephen Jones
- WSU Breadlab, Department of Crop Science, Washington State University, 11768 Westar Ln, Burlington, WA 98233, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie YN, Qi QQ, Li WH, Li YL, Zhang Y, Wang HM, Zhang YF, Ye ZH, Guo DP, Qian Q, Zhang ZF, Yan N. Domestication, breeding, omics research, and important genes of Zizania latifolia and Zizania palustris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183739. [PMID: 37324716 PMCID: PMC10266587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild rice (Zizania spp.), an aquatic grass belonging to the subfamily Gramineae, has a high economic value. Zizania provides food (such as grains and vegetables), a habitat for wild animals, and paper-making pulps, possesses certain medicinal values, and helps control water eutrophication. Zizania is an ideal resource for expanding and enriching a rice breeding gene bank to naturally preserve valuable characteristics lost during domestication. With the Z. latifolia and Z. palustris genomes completely sequenced, fundamental achievements have been made toward understanding the origin and domestication, as well as the genetic basis of important agronomic traits of this genus, substantially accelerating the domestication of this wild plant. The present review summarizes the research results on the edible history, economic value, domestication, breeding, omics research, and important genes of Z. latifolia and Z. palustris over the past decades. These findings broaden the collective understanding of Zizania domestication and breeding, furthering human domestication, improvement, and long-term sustainability of wild plant cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Xie
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian-Qian Qi
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan-Hong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - De-Ping Guo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Katwijk MM, van Tussenbroek BI. Facultative Annual Life Cycles in Seagrasses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2002. [PMID: 37653920 PMCID: PMC10223934 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant species usually have either annual or perennial life cycles, but facultative annual species have annual or perennial populations depending on their environment. In terrestrial angiosperms, facultative annual species are rare, with wild rice being one of the few examples. Our review shows that in marine angiosperms (seagrasses) facultative annual species are more common: six (of 63) seagrass species are facultative annual. It concerns Zostera marina, Z. japonica, Halophila decipiens, H. beccarii, Ruppia maritima, and R. spiralis. The annual populations generally produce five times more seeds than their conspecific perennial populations. Facultative annual seagrass species occur worldwide. Populations of seagrasses are commonly perennial, but the facultative annual species had annual populations when exposed to desiccation, anoxia-related factors, shading, or heat stress. A system-wide 'experiment' (closure of two out of three connected estuaries for large-scale coastal protection works) showed that the initial annual Z. marina population could shift to a perennial life cycle within 5 years, depending on environmental circumstances. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for plant culture. Further exploration of flexible life histories in plant species, and seagrasses in particular, may aid in answering questions about trade-offs between vegetative and sexual reproduction, and preprogrammed senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke M. van Katwijk
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek
- Institute of Ocean Sciences and Limnology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos 77580, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bertola M, Righetti L, Gazza L, Ferrarini A, Fornasier F, Cirlini M, Lolli V, Galaverna G, Visioli G. Perenniality, more than genotypes, shapes biological and chemical rhizosphere composition of perennial wheat lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1172857. [PMID: 37223792 PMCID: PMC10200949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1172857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grains provide various ecosystem services compared to the annual counterparts thanks to their extensive root system and permanent soil cover. However, little is known about the evolution and diversification of perennial grains rhizosphere and its ecological functions over time. In this study, a suite of -OMICSs - metagenomics, enzymomics, metabolomics and lipidomics - was used to compare the rhizosphere environment of four perennial wheat lines at the first and fourth year of growth in comparison with an annual durum wheat cultivar and the parental species Thinopyrum intermedium. We hypothesized that wheat perenniality has a greater role in shaping the rhizobiome composition, biomass, diversity, and activity than plant genotypes because perenniality affects the quality and quantity of C input - mainly root exudates - hence modulating the plant-microbes crosstalk. In support of this hypothesis, the continuous supply of sugars in the rhizosphere along the years created a favorable environment for microbial growth which is reflected in a higher microbial biomass and enzymatic activity. Moreover, modification in the rhizosphere metabolome and lipidome over the years led to changes in the microbial community composition favoring the coexistence of more diverse microbial taxa, increasing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the dominance of the perenniality effect, our data underlined that the OK72 line rhizobiome distinguished from the others by the increase in abundance of Pseudomonas spp., most of which are known as potential beneficial microorganisms, identifying this line as a suitable candidate for the study and selection of new perennial wheat lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bertola
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Gazza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrarini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Flavio Fornasier
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Unit of Gorizia, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang L, Yu J, Liu Q, Yu K, Zhang Q, Fan M, Jiang F, Han J, Wei H, Jian W, Zhao Z. Study on tillering stage cold tolerant response in overwintering cultivated rice via comparative transcriptomic. Food Energy Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lunxiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Kunchi Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Mao Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Fei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Jiajia Han
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Hongyu Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Jian
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Zhengwu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Specialty Crop Resources Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eckardt NA, Ainsworth EA, Bahuguna RN, Broadley MR, Busch W, Carpita NC, Castrillo G, Chory J, DeHaan LR, Duarte CM, Henry A, Jagadish SVK, Langdale JA, Leakey ADB, Liao JC, Lu KJ, McCann MC, McKay JK, Odeny DA, Jorge de Oliveira E, Platten JD, Rabbi I, Rim EY, Ronald PC, Salt DE, Shigenaga AM, Wang E, Wolfe M, Zhang X. Climate change challenges, plant science solutions. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:24-66. [PMID: 36222573 PMCID: PMC9806663 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade is a critical time for action to mitigate the worst effects on human populations and ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience to harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) and engineering efficient carbon-capturing and carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples of research being conducted in these areas and discuss challenges and open questions as a call to action for the plant science community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rajeev N Bahuguna
- Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79410, USA
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Crop Sciences, and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - James C Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics–Eastern and Southern Africa, Gigiri 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - J Damien Platten
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Ismail Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320 Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Youngsoo Rim
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94704, USA
| | - David E Salt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Marnin Wolfe
- Auburn University, Dept. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pinto P, Cartoni-Casamitjana S, Cureton C, Stevens AW, Stoltenberg DE, Zimbric J, Picasso VD. Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.977841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionKernza intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grain and forage crop. Intercropping IWG with legumes may increase the forage yields and nutritive value but may compromise Kernza grain yields. The interaction between IWG and legumes depends on planting season, row spacing, and legume species. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of those management practices on Kernza grain yield, summer and fall forage yield and nutritive value, weed biomass and, the profitability of the cropping system in Wisconsin, USA.MethodsIn the spring and fall of 2017, we planted eight cropping systems at 38 and 57 cm of row spacing: four IWG monocultures [control without N fertilization or weed removal (IWG), hand weed removal (hand weeded), IWG fertilized with urea at rates of 45 or 90 kg ha−1], and four IWG-legume intercrops (IWG with alfalfa, Berseem clover, Kura clover, or red clover).Results and discussionMost of the intercropping systems were similar to IWG monoculture in grain (ranging from 652 to 1,160 kg ha−1) and forage yield (ranging from 2,740 to 5,190 kg ha−1) and improved the forage quality. However, for spring planted IWG, intercropped with red clover or alfalfa, the grain and forage yields were lower than the IWG monoculture (~80 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively). The best performing intercrops in the first year were Kura clover in the spring planting (652 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 4,920 kg IWG forage ha−1 and 825 kg legume forage ha−1) and red clover in the fall planting (857 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 3,800 kg IWG forage ha−1, and 450 kg legume forage ha−1). In the second year, grain yield decreased 84% on average. Overall, the profitability of the IWG legume intercropping was high, encouraging the adoption of dual-purpose perennial crops.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fuerst D, Shermeister B, Mandel T, Hübner S. Evolutionary Conservation and Transcriptome Analyses Attribute Perenniality and Flowering to Day-Length Responsive Genes in Bulbous Barley (Hordeum bulbosum). Genome Biol Evol 2022; 15:6855281. [PMID: 36449556 PMCID: PMC9840211 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid population growth and dramatic climatic turnovers are challenging global crop production. These challenges are spurring plant breeders to enhance adaptation and sustainability of major crops. One intriguing approach is to turn annual systems into perennial ones, yet long-term classical breeding efforts to induce perenniality have achieved limited success. Here, we report the results of our investigation of the genetic basis of bulb formation in the nonmodel organism Hordeum bulbosum, a perennial species closely related to barley. To identify candidate genes that regulate bulb formation in H. bulbosum, we applied two complementary approaches. First, we explored the evolutionary conservation of expressed genes among annual Poaceae species. Next, we assembled a reference transcriptome for H. bulbosum and conducted a differential expression (DE) analysis before and after stimulating bulb initiation. Low conservation was identified in genes related to perenniality in H. bulbosum compared with other species, including bulb development and sugar accumulation genes. We also inspected these genes using a DE analysis, which enabled identification of additional genes responsible for bulb initiation and flowering regulation. We propose a molecular model for the regulation of bulb formation involving storage organ development and starch biosynthesis genes. The high conservation observed along a major part of the pathway between H. bulbosum and barley suggests a potential for the application of biotechnological techniques to accelerate breeding toward perenniality in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Fuerst
- Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Bar Shermeister
- Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Tali Mandel
- Galilee Research Institute (MIGAL), Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo G, Najafi J, Correia PMP, Trinh MDL, Chapman EA, Østerberg JT, Thomsen HC, Pedas PR, Larson S, Gao C, Poland J, Knudsen S, DeHaan L, Palmgren M. Accelerated Domestication of New Crops: Yield is Key. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1624-1640. [PMID: 35583202 PMCID: PMC9680862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture in the future will depend on crops that are tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, require minimal input of water and nutrients and can be cultivated with a minimal carbon footprint. Wild plants that fulfill these requirements abound in nature but are typically low yielding. Thus, replacing current high-yielding crops with less productive but resilient species will require the intractable trade-off of increasing land area under cultivation to produce the same yield. Cultivating more land reduces natural resources, reduces biodiversity and increases our carbon footprint. Sustainable intensification can be achieved by increasing the yield of underutilized or wild plant species that are already resilient, but achieving this goal by conventional breeding programs may be a long-term prospect. De novo domestication of orphan or crop wild relatives using mutagenesis is an alternative and fast approach to achieve resilient crops with high yields. With new precise molecular techniques, it should be possible to reach economically sustainable yields in a much shorter period of time than ever before in the history of agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, Copenhagen V DK-1799, Denmark
| | - Steve Larson
- US Department of Agriculture (USDA), USDA–ARS Forage & Range Research Lab, Utah State University Logan, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Caixia Gao
- Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jesse Poland
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, Copenhagen V DK-1799, Denmark
| | - Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Zhang X, Li H, Zheng H, Zhang J, Olsen MS, Varshney RK, Prasanna BM, Qian Q. Smart breeding driven by big data, artificial intelligence, and integrated genomic-enviromic prediction. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1664-1695. [PMID: 36081348 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The first paradigm of plant breeding involves direct selection-based phenotypic observation, followed by predictive breeding using statistical models for quantitative traits constructed based on genetic experimental design and, more recently, by incorporation of molecular marker genotypes. However, plant performance or phenotype (P) is determined by the combined effects of genotype (G), envirotype (E), and genotype by environment interaction (GEI). Phenotypes can be predicted more precisely by training a model using data collected from multiple sources, including spatiotemporal omics (genomics, phenomics, and enviromics across time and space). Integration of 3D information profiles (G-P-E), each with multidimensionality, provides predictive breeding with both tremendous opportunities and great challenges. Here, we first review innovative technologies for predictive breeding. We then evaluate multidimensional information profiles that can be integrated with a predictive breeding strategy, particularly envirotypic data, which have largely been neglected in data collection and are nearly untouched in model construction. We propose a smart breeding scheme, integrated genomic-enviromic prediction (iGEP), as an extension of genomic prediction, using integrated multiomics information, big data technology, and artificial intelligence (mainly focused on machine and deep learning). We discuss how to implement iGEP, including spatiotemporal models, environmental indices, factorial and spatiotemporal structure of plant breeding data, and cross-species prediction. A strategy is then proposed for prediction-based crop redesign at both the macro (individual, population, and species) and micro (gene, metabolism, and network) scales. Finally, we provide perspectives on translating smart breeding into genetic gain through integrative breeding platforms and open-source breeding initiatives. We call for coordinated efforts in smart breeding through iGEP, institutional partnerships, and innovative technological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, CIMMYT-China, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; CIMMYT-China Tropical Maize Research Center, School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, CIMMYT-China, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Hongjian Zheng
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- MolBreeding Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Michael S Olsen
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), ICRAF Campus, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), ICRAF Campus, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Qian Qian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, CIMMYT-China, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sandro P, Kucek LK, Sorrells ME, Dawson JC, Gutierrez L. Developing high-quality value-added cereals for organic systems in the US Upper Midwest: hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4005-4027. [PMID: 35633380 PMCID: PMC9142347 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased demand for food-grade grains grown sustainably. Hard red winter wheat has comparative advantages for organic farm rotations due to fall soil cover, weed competition, and grain yields. However, limitations of currently available cultivars such as poor disease resistance, winter hardiness, and baking quality, challenges its adoption and use. Our goal was to develop a participatory hard red winter wheat breeding program for the US Upper Midwest involving farmers, millers, and bakers. Specifically, our goals include (1) an evaluation of genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and genotypic stability for both agronomic and quality traits, and (2) the development of on-farm trials as well as baking and sensory evaluations of genotypes to include farmers, millers, and bakers' perspectives in the breeding process. Selection in early generations for diseases and protein content was followed by multi-environment evaluations for agronomic, disease, and quality traits in three locations during five years, on-farm evaluations, baking trials, and sensory evaluations. GEI was substantial for most traits, but no repeatable environmental conditions were significant contributors to GEI making selection for stability a critical trait. Breeding lines had similar performance in on-station and on-farm trials compared to commercial checks, but some breeding lines were more stable than the checks for agronomic, quality traits, and baking performance. These results suggest that stable lines can be developed using a participatory breeding approach under organic management. Crop improvement explicitly targeting sustainable agriculture practices for selection with farm to table participatory perspectives are critical to achieve long-term sustainable crop production. KEY MESSAGE: We describe a hard red winter wheat breeding program focused on developing genotypes adapted to organic systems in the US Upper Midwest for high-end artisan baking quality using participatory approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sandro
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Mark E Sorrells
- Plant Breeding, and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julie C Dawson
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Lucia Gutierrez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Z, Tian F, Zhao X, Zhang K, Han S. Short-term but not long-term perennial mugwort cropping increases soil organic carbon in Northern China Plain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975169. [PMID: 36299779 PMCID: PMC9589220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perennial cropping has been an alternative land use type due to its widely accepted role in increasing soil carbon sequestration. However, how soil organic carbon (SOC) changes and its underlying mechanisms under different cropping years are still elusive. A chronosequence (0-, 3-, 6-, 20-year) of perennial mugwort cropping was chosen to explore the SOC dynamics and the underlying mechanisms in agricultural soils of Northern China Plain. The results revealed that SOC first increased and then decreased along the 20-year chronosequence. The similar patterns were also found in soil properties (including soil ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorus) and two C-degrading hydrolytic enzyme activities (i.e., α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase). The path analysis demonstrated that soil ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and plant biomass affected SOC primarily through the indirect impacts on soil pH, total phosphorus availability, and C-degrading hydrolytic enzyme activities. In addition, the contributions of soil properties are greater than those of biotic factors (plant biomass) to changes in SOC across the four mugwort cropping years. Nevertheless, the biotic factors may play more important roles in regulating SOC than abiotic factors in the long run. Moreover, SOC reached its maximum and was equaled to that under the conventional rotation when cropping mugwort for 7.44 and 14.88 years, respectively, which has critical implications for sustainable C sequestration of agricultural soils in Northern China Plain. Our observations suggest that short-term but not long-term perennial mugwort cropping is an alternative practice benefiting soil C sequestration and achieving the Carbon Neutrality goal in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhou
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
| | - Shijie Han
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pototskaya IV, Shamanin VP, Aydarov AN, Morgounov AI. The use of wheatgrass (<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i>) in breeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:413-421. [PMID: 36128569 PMCID: PMC9445183 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheatgrass (Th. intermedium) has been traditionally used in wheat breeding for obtaining wheat-wheatgrass hybrids and varieties with introgressions of new genes for economically valuable traits. However, in the 1980s in the United States wheatgrass was selected from among perennial plant species as having promise for domestication and the development of dual-purpose varieties for grain (as an alternative to perennial wheat) and hay. The result of this work was the creation of the wheatgrass varieties Kernza (The Land Institute, Kansas) and MN-Clearwater (University of Minnesota, Minnesota). In Omsk State Agrarian University, the variety Sova was developed by mass selection of the most winter-hardy biotypes with their subsequent combination from the population of wheatgrass obtained from The Land Institute. The average grain yield of the variety Sova is 9.2 dt/ha, green mass is 210.0 dt/ ha, and hay is 71.0 dt/ha. Wheatgrass is a crop with a large production potential, benef icial environmental properties, and valuable grain for functional food. Many publications show the advantages of growing the Kernza variety compared to annual crops in reducing groundwater nitrate contamination, increasing soil carbon sequestration, and reducing energy and economic costs. However, breeding programs for domestication of perennial crops are very limited in Russia. This paper presents an overview of main tasks faced by breeders, aimed at enhancing the yield and cultivating wheatgrass eff iciency as a perennial grain and fodder crop. To address them, both traditional and modern biotechnological and molecular cytogenetic approaches are used. The most important task is to transfer target genes of Th. intermedium to modern wheat varieties and decrease the level of chromatin carrying undesirable genes of the wild relative. The f irst consensus map of wheatgrass containing 10,029 markers was obtained, which is important for searching for genes and their introgressions to the wheat genome. The results of research on the nutritional and technological properties of wheatgrass grain for the development of food products as well as the differences in the quality of wheatgrass grain and wheat grain are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V. P. Shamanin
- Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin
| | - A. N. Aydarov
- Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Crain J, Larson S, Dorn K, DeHaan L, Poland J. Genetic architecture and QTL selection response for Kernza perennial grain domestication traits. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2769-2784. [PMID: 35763029 PMCID: PMC9243872 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of multi-year breeding program data revealed that the genetic architecture of an intermediate wheatgrass population was highly polygenic for both domestication and agronomic traits, supporting the use of genomic selection for new crop domestication. Perennial grains have the potential to provide food for humans and decrease the negative impacts of annual agriculture. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium, Kernza®) is a promising perennial grain candidate that The Land Institute has been breeding since 2003. We evaluated four consecutive breeding cycles of IWG from 2016 to 2020 with each cycle containing approximately 1100 unique genets. Using genotyping-by-sequencing markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for 34 different traits using genome-wide association analysis. Combining data across cycles and years, we found 93 marker-trait associations for 16 different traits, with each association explaining 0.8-5.2% of the observed phenotypic variance. Across the four cycles, only three QTL showed an FST differentiation > 0.15 with two corresponding to a decrease in floret shattering. Additionally, one marker associated with brittle rachis was 216 bp from an ortholog of the btr2 gene. Power analysis and quantitative genetic theory were used to estimate the effective number of QTL, which ranged from a minimum of 33 up to 558 QTL for individual traits. This study suggests that key agronomic and domestication traits are under polygenic control and that molecular methods like genomic selection are needed to accelerate domestication and improvement of this new crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Crain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Steve Larson
- USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kevin Dorn
- USDA-ARS, Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS, 67401, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chapman EA, Thomsen HC, Tulloch S, Correia PMP, Luo G, Najafi J, DeHaan LR, Crews TE, Olsson L, Lundquist PO, Westerbergh A, Pedas PR, Knudsen S, Palmgren M. Perennials as Future Grain Crops: Opportunities and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898769. [PMID: 35968139 PMCID: PMC9372509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grain crops could make a valuable addition to sustainable agriculture, potentially even as an alternative to their annual counterparts. The ability of perennials to grow year after year significantly reduces the number of agricultural inputs required, in terms of both planting and weed control, while reduced tillage improves soil health and on-farm biodiversity. Presently, perennial grain crops are not grown at large scale, mainly due to their early stages of domestication and current low yields. Narrowing the yield gap between perennial and annual grain crops will depend on characterizing differences in their life cycles, resource allocation, and reproductive strategies and understanding the trade-offs between annualism, perennialism, and yield. The genetic and biochemical pathways controlling plant growth, physiology, and senescence should be analyzed in perennial crop plants. This information could then be used to facilitate tailored genetic improvement of selected perennial grain crops to improve agronomic traits and enhance yield, while maintaining the benefits associated with perennialism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophia Tulloch
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M. P. Correia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Javad Najafi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lennart Olsson
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Lundquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boakye PG, Okyere AY, Kougblenou I, Kowalski R, Ismail BP, Annor GA. Optimizing the extrusion conditions for the production of expanded intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) products. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3496-3512. [PMID: 35781707 PMCID: PMC9541489 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the effects of extrusion conditions such as feed moisture content (20%, 24%, and 28%), screw speed (200, 300, and 400 rpm), and extrusion temperature (130, 150, and 170°C) on the physical and functional properties (moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, water absorption index [WAI], water solubility index [WSI]) of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) were investigated for the first time. Response surface methodology was used to model and optimize the extrusion conditions to produce expanded IWG. The model coefficient of determination (R2) was high for all the responses (0.87–0.98). All the models were found to be significant (p < 0.05) and were validated with independent experiments. Generally, all the extrusion conditions were found to have significant effects on the IWG properties measured. Increasing the screw speed and decreasing the extrusion temperature resulted in IWG extrudates with a high expansion ratio. This also resulted in IWG extrudates with generally low hardness and bulk density. Screw speed was found to have the most significant effect on the WAI and WSI, with increasing screw speed resulting in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in WAI and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in WSI. The optimum conditions for obtaining an IWG extrudate with a high expansion ratio and WAI were found to be 20% feed moisture, 200 –356 rpm screw speed, and 130–154°C extrusion temperature. Practical Application Extrusion cooking was employed in the production of expanded IWG. This research could provide a foundation to produce expanded IWG, which can potentially be used as breakfast cereals and snacks. This is critical in the efforts to commercialize IWG for mainstream food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince G Boakye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Akua Y Okyere
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ibilola Kougblenou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan Kowalski
- CW Brabender Instruments Inc, South Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Baraem P Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - George A Annor
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li W, Zhang S, Huang G, Huang L, Zhang J, Li Z, Hu F. A Genetic Network Underlying Rhizome Development in Oryza longistaminata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866165. [PMID: 35463392 PMCID: PMC9022102 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rhizome is an important organ through which many perennial plants are able to propagate vegetatively. Its ecological role has been thoroughly studied on many grass species while the underlying genetic basis is mainly investigated using a rhizomatous wild rice species-Oryza longistaminata. Previous studies have revealed that the rhizome trait in O. longistaminata is jointly controlled by multiple loci, yet how these loci interact with each other remains elusive. Here, an F2 population derived from Oryza sativa (RD23) and O. longistaminata was used to map loci that affect rhizome-related traits. We identified 13 major-effect loci that may jointly control rhizomatousness in O. longistaminata and a total of 51 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to affect rhizome abundance. Notably, some of these loci were found to have effects on more than one rhizome-related trait. For each trait, a genetic network was constructed according to the genetic expectations of the identified loci. Furthermore, to gain an overview of the genetic regulation on rhizome development, a comprehensive network integrating all these individual networks was assembled. This network consists of three subnetworks that control different aspects of rhizome expression. Judging from the nodes' role in the network and their corresponding traits, we speculated that qRHZ-3-1, qRHZ-4, qRHI-2, and qRHI-5 are the key loci for rhizome development. Functional verification using rhizome-free recombinant inbred lines (RILs) suggested that qRHI-2 and qRHI-5, two multi-trait controlling loci that appeared to be critical in our network analyses, are likely both needed for rhizome formation. Our results provide more insights into the genetic basis of rhizome development and may facilitate identification of key rhizome-related genes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Innes P, Gossweiler A, Jensen S, Tilley D, St. John L, Jones T, Kitchen S, Hulke BS. Assessment of biogeographic variation in traits of Lewis flax ( Linum lewisii) for use in restoration and agriculture. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac005. [PMID: 35273788 PMCID: PMC8906388 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lewis flax (Linum lewisii) is widely distributed across western North America and is currently used in native ecosystem restoration. There is also growing interest in de novo domestication of Lewis flax as a perennial oilseed crop. To better understand this species and facilitate both restoration and domestication, we used common gardens to assess biogeographical variation in a variety of seed and growth traits from 37 flax accessions, consisting of 35 wild populations from the Intermountain West region, the pre-variety germplasm Maple Grove (L. lewisii) and the cultivar 'Appar' (L. perenne) and related this variation to collection site geography and climate. Results from linear mixed models suggest there is extensive phenotypic variation among populations of Lewis flax within the Intermountain West. Using a multivariate approach, we identify a key suite of traits that are related to latitude and climate and may facilitate adaptation, including flowering indeterminacy, seed mass and stem number. These traits should be taken into account when considering the release of new germplasm for restoration efforts. We also find that Lewis flax seed contains desirably high amounts of alpha-linolenic acid and is otherwise mostly indistinguishable in fatty acid composition from oil-type varieties of domesticated flax (L. usitatissimum), making it a strong candidate for domestication. This study provides fundamental knowledge for future research into the ecology and evolution of Lewis flax, which will inform its use in both restoration and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Innes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - André Gossweiler
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Scott Jensen
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Derek Tilley
- Aberdeen Plant Materials Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
| | - Loren St. John
- Aberdeen Plant Materials Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
| | - Thomas Jones
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Stanley Kitchen
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service, Provo, UT 84606, USA
| | - Brent S Hulke
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Multi-Criteria Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability Characteristics of Intermediate Wheatgrass Grown as a Dual-Purpose Grain and Forage Crop. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kernza® intermediate wheatgrass [IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey] is a novel perennial cool-season grass that is being bred for use as a dual-purpose grain and forage crop. The environmental benefits of perennial agriculture have motivated the development of IWG cropping systems and markets for perennial grain food products made with Kernza, but the economic viability and environmental impact of IWG remain uncertain. In this study, we compared three-year cycles of five organic grain production systems: an IWG monoculture, IWG intercropped with medium red clover, a continuous winter wheat monoculture, a wheat–red clover intercrop, and a corn–soybean–spelt rotation. Economic and environmental impacts of each cropping system were assessed using enterprise budgets, energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and emergy indices as indicators. Grain and biomass yields and values for production inputs used in these analyses were obtained from experimental data and management records from two separate field experiments conducted in New York State, USA. Grain yield of IWG averaged 478 kg ha−1 yr−1 over three years, equaling approximately 17% of winter wheat grain yield (2807 kg ha−1 yr−1) over the same period. In contrast, total forage harvested averaged 6438 kg ha−1 yr−1 from the IWG systems, approximately 160% that of the wheat systems (4024 kg ha−1 yr−1). Low grain yield of IWG greatly impacted economic indicators, with break-even farm gate prices for Kernza grain calculated to be 23% greater than the current price of organic winter wheat in New York. Energy use and GHG emissions from the IWG systems were similar to the annual systems when allocated per hectare of production area but were much greater when allocated per kg of grain produced and much lower when allocated per kg of biomass harvested inclusive of hay and straw. Emergy sustainability indices were favorable for the IWG systems due to lower estimated soil erosion and fewer external inputs over the three-year crop cycle. The results show that the sustainability of IWG production is highly dependent on how the hay or straw co-product is used and the extent to which external inputs can be substituted with locally available renewable resources. Integrated crop–livestock systems appear to be a viable scenario for the adoption of IWG as a dual-use perennial grain and forage crop.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hanak T, Madsen CK, Brinch-Pedersen H. Genome Editing-accelerated Re-Domestication (GEaReD) - a new major direction in plant breeding. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100545. [PMID: 35120401 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of climate change, soil depletion, a growing world population putting pressure on food safety and security are major challenges for agriculture in the 21st century. The breeding success of the green revolution has decelerated and current programs can only offset the yield affecting factors. PURPOSE AND SCOPE New approaches are urgently needed and we propose "Genome Editing-accelerated Re-Domestication" (GEaReD) as a major new direction in plant breeding. By combining the upcoming technologies for phenotyping, omics, and artificial intelligence with the promising new CRISPR-toolkits, this approach is closer than ever. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Wild relatives of current crops are often adapted to harsh environments and have a high genetic diversity. Redomestication of wild barley or teosinte could generate new cultivars adapted to environmental changes. De novo domestication of perennial relatives such as Hordeum bulbosum could counter soil depletion and increase soil carbon. Recent research already proved the principle of redomestication in tomato and rice and therefore laid the foundation for GEaReD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hanak
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Claus Krogh Madsen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Brinch-Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Van Tassel DL, DeHaan LR, Diaz-Garcia L, Hershberger J, Rubin MJ, Schlautman B, Turner K, Miller AJ. Re-imagining crop domestication in the era of high throughput phenomics. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102150. [PMID: 34883308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
De novo domestication is an exciting option for increasing species diversity and ecosystem service functionality of agricultural landscapes. Genomic selection (GS), the application of genomic markers to predict phenotypic traits in a breeding population, offers the possibility of rapid genetic improvement, making GS especially attractive for modifying traits of long-lived species. However, for some wild species just entering the domestication pipeline, especially those with large and complex genomes, a lack of funding and/or prior genome characterization, GS is often out of reach. High throughput phenomics has the potential to augment traditional pedigree selection, reduce costs and amplify impacts of genomic selection, and even create new predictive selection approaches independent of sequencing or pedigrees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee R DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Rd., Salina, KS, 67401, USA
| | | | - Jenna Hershberger
- The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Rd., Salina, KS, 67401, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Matthew J Rubin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Turner
- The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Rd., Salina, KS, 67401, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA; Saint Louis University Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang B, Chen S, Liu J, Yan YB, Chen J, Li D, Liu JY. A High-Quality Haplotype-Resolved Genome of Common Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L.) Provides Insights Into Polyploid Genome Stability and Prostrate Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890980. [PMID: 35548270 PMCID: PMC9081840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important perennial warm-season turfgrass species with great economic value. However, the reference genome is still deficient in C. dactylon, which severely impedes basic studies and breeding studies. In this study, a high-quality haplotype-resolved genome of C. dactylon cultivar Yangjiang was successfully assembled using a combination of multiple sequencing strategies. The assembled genome is approximately 1.01 Gb in size and is comprised of 36 pseudo chromosomes belonging to four haplotypes. In total, 76,879 protein-coding genes and 529,092 repeat sequences were annotated in the assembled genome. Evolution analysis indicated that C. dactylon underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication events, whereas syntenic and transcriptome analysis revealed that global subgenome dominance was absent among the four haplotypes. Genome-wide gene family analyses further indicated that homologous recombination-regulating genes and tiller-angle-regulating genes all showed an adaptive evolution in C. dactylon, providing insights into genome-scale regulation of polyploid genome stability and prostrate growth. These results not only facilitate a better understanding of the complex genome composition and unique plant architectural characteristics of common bermudagrass, but also offer a valuable resource for comparative genome analyses of turfgrasses and other plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Bin Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Yuan Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Lathe RS, Li J, He H, Bhalerao RP. Towards understanding the biological foundations of perenniality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:56-68. [PMID: 34561180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials' physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China.
| | - Rahul S Lathe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Herron SA, Rubin MJ, Albrecht MA, Long QG, Sandoval MC, Miller AJ. The role of genus and life span in predicting seed and vegetative trait variation and correlation in Lathyrus, Phaseolus, and Vicia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2388-2404. [PMID: 34634144 PMCID: PMC9306869 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Annual and perennial life history transitions are abundant among angiosperms, and understanding the phenotypic variation underlying life span shifts is a key endeavor of plant evolutionary biology. Comparative analyses of trait variation and correlation networks among annual and perennial plants is increasingly important as new herbaceous perennial crops are being developed for edible seed. However, it remains unclear how seed to vegetative growth trait relationships correlate with life span. METHODS To assess the relative roles of genus and life span in predicting phenotypic variation and trait correlations, we measured seed size and shape, germination proportion, and early-life-stage plant height and leaf growth over 3 mo in 29 annual and perennial, herbaceous congeneric species from three legume genera (Lathyrus, Phaseolus, and Vicia). RESULTS Genus was the strongest predictor of seed size and shape variation, and life span consistently predicted plant height and leaf number at single time points. Correlation networks revealed that annual species had significant associations between seed traits and vegetative traits, whereas perennials had no significant seed-vegetative associations. Each genus also differed in the extent of integration between seed and vegetative traits, as well as within-vegetative-trait correlation patterns. CONCLUSIONS Genus and life span were important for predicting aspects of early-life-stage phenotypic variation and trait relationships. Differences in phenotypic correlation may indicate that selection on seed size traits will impact vegetative growth differently depending on life span, which has important implications for nascent perennial breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sterling A. Herron
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology3507 Laclede AvenueSt. LouisMissouri63103USA
| | - Matthew J. Rubin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center975 North Warson RoadSt. LouisMissouri63132USA
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development4344 Shaw BoulevardSt. LouisMissouri63110USA
| | - Quinn G. Long
- Shaw Nature Reserve307 Pinetum Loop RoadGray SummitMissouri63039USA
| | - Marissa C. Sandoval
- University of California, Berkeley, Rausser College of Natural Resources319 Wellman Hall, BerkeleyCalifornia94704USA
| | - Allison J. Miller
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology3507 Laclede AvenueSt. LouisMissouri63103USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qiao Z, Yates TB, Shrestha HK, Engle NL, Flanagan A, Morrell‐Falvey JL, Sun Y, Tschaplinski TJ, Abraham PE, Labbé J, Wang Z, Hettich RL, Tuskan GA, Muchero W, Chen J. Towards engineering ectomycorrhization into switchgrass bioenergy crops via a lectin receptor-like kinase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2454-2468. [PMID: 34272801 PMCID: PMC8633507 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne microbes can establish compatible relationships with host plants, providing a large variety of nutritive and protective compounds in exchange for photosynthesized sugars. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the establishment of these beneficial relationships remain unclear. Our previous genetic mapping and whole-genome resequencing studies identified a gene deletion event of a Populus trichocarpa lectin receptor-like kinase gene PtLecRLK1 in Populus deltoides that was associated with poor-root colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. By introducing PtLecRLK1 into a perennial grass known to be a non-host of L. bicolor, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), we found that L. bicolor colonizes ZmUbipro-PtLecRLK1 transgenic switchgrass roots, which illustrates that the introduction of PtLecRLK1 has the potential to convert a non-host to a host of L. bicolor. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses on inoculated-transgenic switchgrass roots revealed genes/proteins overrepresented in the compatible interaction and underrepresented in the pathogenic defence pathway, consistent with the view that pathogenic defence response is down-regulated during compatible interaction. Metabolomic profiling revealed that root colonization in the transgenic switchgrass was associated with an increase in N-containing metabolites and a decrease in organic acids, sugars, and aromatic hydroxycinnamate conjugates, which are often seen in the early steps of establishing compatible interactions. These studies illustrate that PtLecRLK1 is able to render a plant susceptible to colonization by the ectomycorrhizal fungus L. bicolor and shed light on engineering mycorrhizal symbiosis into a non-host to enhance plant productivity and fitness on marginal lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qiao
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Timothy B. Yates
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate EducationUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Him K. Shrestha
- Genome Science and TechnologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Yali Sun
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Chemical Science DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - Jin‐Gui Chen
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Qin L, Li B, Ouyang L, Peng X, He H. Quantitative Proteomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Differences in Proteins During Anthers Development in Oryza longistaminata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744792. [PMID: 34868129 PMCID: PMC8640343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oryza longistaminata is an African wild rice species that possesses special traits for breeding applications. Self-incompatibility is the main cause of sterility in O. longistaminata, but here we demonstrated that its pollen vitality are normal. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were active throughout pollen development. In this study, we used I2-KI staining and TTC staining to investigate pollen viability. Aniline-blue-stained semithin sections were used to investigate important stages of pollen development. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative analysis was used to investigate the profiles of proteins related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in 4-, 6-, and 8.5-mm O. longistaminata spikelets before flowering. Pollen was found to germinate normally in vitro and in vivo. We documented cytological changes throughout important stages of anther development, including changes in reproductive cells as they formed mature pollen grains through meiosis and mitosis. A total of 31,987 RNA transcripts and 8,753 proteins were identified, and 6,842 of the proteins could be quantified. RNA-seq and proteome association analysis indicated that fatty acids were converted to sucrose after the 6-mm spikelet stage, based on the abundance of most key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis. The abundance of proteins involved in pollen energy metabolism was further confirmed by combining quantitative real-time PCR with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analyses. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the pollen viability of O. longistaminata at the proteome level, which can be used to improve the efficiency of male parent pollination in hybrid rice breeding applications.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tao X, Liu B, Dou Q. The Kengyiliahirsuta karyotype polymorphisms as revealed by FISH with tandem repeats and single-gene probes. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2021; 15:375-392. [PMID: 34804380 PMCID: PMC8580955 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i4.71525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kengyiliahirsuta (Keng, 1959) J. L. Yang, C. Yen et B. R. Baum, 1992, a perennial hexaploidy species, is a wild relative species to wheat with great potential for wheat improvement and domestication. The genome structure and cross-species homoeology of K.hirsuta chromosomes with wheat were assayed using 14 single-gene probes covering all seven homoeologous groups, and four repetitive sequence probes 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and (AAG)10 by FISH. Each chromosome of K.hirsuta was well characterized by homoeological determination and repeats distribution patterns. The synteny of chromosomes was strongly conserved in the St genome, whereas synteny of the Y and P genomes was more distorted. The collinearity of 1Y, 2Y, 3Y and 7Y might be interrupted in the Y genome. A new 5S rDNA site on 2Y might be translocated from 1Y. The short arm of 3Y might involve translocated segments from 7Y. The 7 Y was identified as involving a pericentric inversion. A reciprocal translocation between 2P and 4P, and tentative structural aberrations in the subtelomeric region of 1PL and 4PL, were observed in the P genome. Chromosome polymorphisms, which were mostly characterized by repeats amplification and deletion, varied between chromosomes, genomes, and different populations. However, two translocations involving a P genome segmental in 3YL and a non-Robertsonial reciprocal translocation between 4Y and 3P were identified in two independent populations. Moreover, the proportion of heterozygous karyotypes reached almost 35% in all materials, and almost 80% in the specific population. These results provide new insights into the genome organization of K.hirsuta and will facilitate genome dissection and germplasm utilization of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Quanwen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Altendorf KR, DeHaan LR, Larson SR, Anderson JA. QTL for seed shattering and threshability in intermediate wheatgrass align closely with well-studied orthologs from wheat, barley, and rice. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20145. [PMID: 34626160 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grain crops have the potential to improve agricultural sustainability but few existing species produce sufficient grain yield to be economically viable. The outcrossing, allohexaploid, and perennial forage species intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] has shown promise in undergoing direct domestication as a perennial grain crop using phenotypic and genomic selection. However, decades of selection will be required to achieve yields on par with annual small-grain crops. Marker-aided selection could accelerate progress if important genomic regions associated with domestication were identified. Here we use the IWG nested association mapping (NAM) population, with 1,168 F1 progeny across 10 families to dissect the genetic control of brittle rachis, floret shattering, and threshability. We used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 8,003 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and linkage mapping-both within-family and combined across families-with a robust phenotypic dataset collected from four unique year-by-location combinations. A total of 29 quantitative trait loci (QTL) using GWAS and 20 using the combined linkage analysis were detected, and most large-effect QTL were in common across the two analysis methods. We reveal that the genetic control of these traits in IWG is complex, with significant QTL across multiple chromosomes, sometimes within and across homoeologous groups and effects that vary depending on the family. In some cases, these QTL align within 216 bp to 31 Mbp of BLAST hits for known domestication genes in related species and may serve as precise targets of selection and directions for further study to advance the domestication of IWG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Altendorf
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | | | - Steve R Larson
- USDA-ARS Forage & Range Research Lab, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - James A Anderson
- Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mosier S, Córdova SC, Robertson GP. Restoring Soil Fertility on Degraded Lands to Meet Food, Fuel, and Climate Security Needs via Perennialization. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.706142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuously growing pressure to increase food, fiber, and fuel production to meet worldwide demand and achieve zero hunger has put severe pressure on soil resources. Abandoned, degraded, and marginal lands with significant agricultural constraints—many still used for agricultural production—result from inappropriately intensive management, insufficient attention to soil conservation, and climate change. Continued use for agricultural production will often require ever more external inputs such as fertilizers and herbicides, further exacerbating soil degradation and impeding nutrient recycling and retention. Growing evidence suggests that degraded lands have a large potential for restoration, perhaps most effectively via perennial cropping systems that can simultaneously provide additional ecosystem services. Here we synthesize the advantages of and potentials for using perennial vegetation to restore soil fertility on degraded croplands, by summarizing the principal mechanisms underpinning soil carbon stabilization and nitrogen and phosphorus availability and retention. We illustrate restoration potentials with example systems that deliver climate mitigation (cellulosic bioenergy), animal production (intensive rotational grazing), and biodiversity conservation (natural ecological succession). Perennialization has substantial promise for restoring fertility to degraded croplands, helping to meet future food security needs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bharathi R, Muljadi T, Tyl C, Annor GA. Progress on breeding and food processing efforts to improve chemical composition and functionality of intermediate wheatgrass (
Thinopyrum intermedium
) for the food industry. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Bharathi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Timothea Muljadi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Catrin Tyl
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Crain J, DeHaan L, Poland J. Genomic prediction enables rapid selection of high-performing genets in an intermediate wheatgrass breeding program. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20080. [PMID: 33660427 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In an era of constrained and depleted natural resources, perennial grains could provide sustainable food production along with beneficial ecosystem services like reduced erosion and increased atmospheric carbon capture. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] has been undergoing continuous breeding for domestication to develop a perennial grain crop since the 1980s. As a perennial, IWG has required 2-5 yr per selection generation, but starting in 2017, genomic selection (GS) was initiated in the breeding program at The Land Institute, Salina, KS (TLI), enabling one complete cycle per year. For each cycle, ∼4,000 seedlings were profiled using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were calculated. Selection based on GEBVs identified ∼100 individuals to advance as parents each generation, while validation populations of 1,000-1,200 genets for GS model training were also selected using the genomic relationship matrix to represent genetic diversity in each cycle. The selected parents were randomly intermated in a greenhouse crossing block to form the subsequent cycle, while the validation populations were transplanted to irrigated and nonirrigated field sites for phenotypic evaluations in the following years. For priority breeding traits of seed mass, free threshing, and nonshattering, correlations between predicted values and observed data were >.5. The realized selection differential ranged from 11-23% for selected traits, and the expected genetic gains for these traits, including spike yield, ranged from 6 to 14% per year. Genomic selection is a powerful tool to speed the domestication and development of IWG and other perennial crops with extended breeding timelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Crain
- Dep. Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, USA, 66506
| | - Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS, USA, 67401
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Dep. Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, USA, 66506
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Crain J, Haghighattalab A, DeHaan L, Poland J. Development of whole-genome prediction models to increase the rate of genetic gain in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) breeding. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20089. [PMID: 33900690 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of perennial grain crops is driven by the vision of simultaneous food production and enhanced ecosystem services. Typically, perennial crops like intermediate wheatgrass (IWG)[Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R Dewey] have low seed yield and other detrimental traits. Next-generation sequencing has made genomic selection (GS) a tractable and viable breeding method. To investigate how an IWG breeding program may use GS, we evaluated 3,658 genets over 2 yr for 46 traits to build a training population. Six statistical models were used to evaluate the non-replicated data, and a model using autoregressive order 1 (AR1) spatial correction for rows and columns combined with the genomic relationship matrix provided the highest estimates of heritability. Genomic selection models were built from 18,357 single nucleotide polymorphism markers via genotyping-by-sequencing, and a 20-fold cross-validation showed high predictive ability for all traits (r > .80). Predictive abilities improved with increased training population size and marker numbers, even with larger amounts of missing data per marker. On the basis of these results, we propose a GS breeding method that is capable of completing one cycle per year compared with a minimum of 2 yr per cycle with phenotypic selection. We estimate that this breeding approach can increase the rate of genetic gain up to 2.6× above phenotypic selection for spike yield in IWG, allowing GS to enable rapid domestication and improvement of this crop. These breeding methods should be transferable to other species with similar long breeding cycles or limited capacity for replicated observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Crain
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Kansas State Univ., 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Atena Haghighattalab
- Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, Center for Applied Phenomics, Univ. of Minnesota, 1519 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS, 67401, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Dep. of Plant Pathology, Kansas State Univ., 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tian Z, Wang JW, Li J, Han B. Designing future crops: challenges and strategies for sustainable agriculture. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1165-1178. [PMID: 33258137 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crop production is facing unprecedented challenges. Despite the fact that the food supply has significantly increased over the past half-century, ~8.9 and 14.3% people are still suffering from hunger and malnutrition, respectively. Agricultural environments are continuously threatened by a booming world population, a shortage of arable land, and rapid changes in climate. To ensure food and ecosystem security, there is a need to design future crops for sustainable agriculture development by maximizing net production and minimalizing undesirable effects on the environment. The future crops design projects, recently launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), aim to develop a roadmap for rapid design of customized future crops using cutting-edge technologies in the Breeding 4.0 era. In this perspective, we first introduce the background and missions of these projects. We then outline strategies to design future crops, such as improvement of current well-cultivated crops, de novo domestication of wild species and redomestication of current cultivated crops. We further discuss how these ambitious goals can be achieved by the recent development of new integrative omics tools, advanced genome-editing tools and synthetic biology approaches. Finally, we summarize related opportunities and challenges in these projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Shanghai, 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Giller KE, Hijbeek R, Andersson JA, Sumberg J. Regenerative Agriculture: An agronomic perspective. OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE 2021; 50:13-25. [PMID: 33867585 PMCID: PMC8023280 DOI: 10.1177/0030727021998063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is in crisis. Soil health is collapsing. Biodiversity faces the sixth mass extinction. Crop yields are plateauing. Against this crisis narrative swells a clarion call for Regenerative Agriculture. But what is Regenerative Agriculture, and why is it gaining such prominence? Which problems does it solve, and how? Here we address these questions from an agronomic perspective. The term Regenerative Agriculture has actually been in use for some time, but there has been a resurgence of interest over the past 5 years. It is supported from what are often considered opposite poles of the debate on agriculture and food. Regenerative Agriculture has been promoted strongly by civil society and NGOs as well as by many of the major multi-national food companies. Many practices promoted as regenerative, including crop residue retention, cover cropping and reduced tillage are central to the canon of 'good agricultural practices', while others are contested and at best niche (e.g. permaculture, holistic grazing). Worryingly, these practices are generally promoted with little regard to context. Practices most often encouraged (such as no tillage, no pesticides or no external nutrient inputs) are unlikely to lead to the benefits claimed in all places. We argue that the resurgence of interest in Regenerative Agriculture represents a re-framing of what have been considered to be two contrasting approaches to agricultural futures, namely agroecology and sustainable intensification, under the same banner. This is more likely to confuse than to clarify the public debate. More importantly, it draws attention away from more fundamental challenges. We conclude by providing guidance for research agronomists who want to engage with Regenerative Agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken E Giller
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hijbeek
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens A Andersson
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - James Sumberg
- Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Large-scale commodity agriculture exacerbates the climatic impacts of Amazonian deforestation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023787118. [PMID: 33558246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023787118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Amazon rainforest, land use following deforestation is diverse and dynamic. Mounting evidence indicates that the climatic impacts of forest loss can also vary considerably, depending on specific features of the affected areas. The size of the deforested patches, for instance, was shown to modulate the characteristics of local climatic impacts. Nonetheless, the influence of different types of land use and management strategies on the magnitude of local climatic changes remains uncertain. Here, we evaluated the impacts of large-scale commodity farming and rural settlements on surface temperature, rainfall patterns, and energy fluxes. Our results reveal that changes in land-atmosphere coupling are induced not only by deforestation size but also, by land use type and management patterns inside the deforested areas. We provide evidence that, in comparison with rural settlements, deforestation caused by large-scale commodity agriculture is more likely to reduce convective rainfall and increase land surface temperature. We demonstrate that these differences are mainly caused by a more intensive management of the land, resulting in significantly lower vegetation cover throughout the year, which reduces latent heat flux. Our findings indicate an urgent need for alternative agricultural practices, as well as forest restoration, for maintaining ecosystem processes and mitigating change in the local climates across the Amazon basin.
Collapse
|
48
|
Liang Y, Nan W, Qin X, Zhang H. Field performance on grain yield and quality and genetic diversity of overwintering cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in southwest China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1846. [PMID: 33469098 PMCID: PMC7815827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the field performance on grain yield and quality and the genetic diversity of overwintering (OW) cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) across main crop (MC) and ratooning crop (RC) is the premise to make strategies for the future OW rice variety improvement in rice production. The present field experiments were conducted in RC of 2016, in MC of both 2017 and 2018, and RC in 2019 to identify genotypes OW rice that perform stable in terms of grain yield and quality across different climate conditions. The grain yield plant-1 (GYP) and its components in six genotypes of OW rice exhibited significant difference across the 4 years (P ≤ 0.05), the maximum GYP in OW6 rice was harvested (60.28 g) in MC of 2017, but the minimum GYP in OW1 rice was harvested (33.01 g) in MC of 2018. Within six genotypes of OW rice, four grain shape traits displayed a relative small significant difference, four grain quality traits exhibited a relative small significant difference except for chalkiness rate (CR), there 226 pairs of significant PCC values between GYP and its components were calculated in all tested rice and varied from six in OW6 to eleven in OW1, there 130 pairs of significant PCC values among the four grain shape traits were calculated and ranged from twenty-one in OW1, 3, 5 to twenty-three in OW2, there 118 pairs of significant PCC values among the four grain quality traits were calculated and ranged from seventeen in OW2 to twenty-three in OW1. The numbers, directions, and size of PCC values for the grain yield and quality characters in all tested rice displayed a series of irregular variations. Six genotypes of OW rice were apparently distinguished by employing 196 pairs of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) markers and exhibited abundant genetic diversity at the DNA level. Data from this study provide an extensive archive for the future exploration and innovation of overwintering cultivated rice variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshu Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Wenbin Nan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaojian Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hanma Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Q, Li W, Tan L, Tian F. Harnessing Knowledge from Maize and Rice Domestication for New Crop Breeding. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:9-26. [PMID: 33316465 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication has fundamentally altered the course of human history, causing a shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies and stimulating the rise of modern civilization. A greater understanding of crop domestication would provide a theoretical basis for how we could improve current crops and develop new crops to deal with environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the similarities and differences in the domestication processes of maize and rice, two major staple food crops that feed the world. We propose that maize and rice might have evolved distinct genetic solutions toward domestication. Maize and rice domestication appears to be associated with distinct regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms. Rice domestication tended to select de novo, loss-of-function, coding variation, while maize domestication more frequently favored standing, gain-of-function, regulatory variation. At the gene network level, distinct genetic paths were used to acquire convergent phenotypes in maize and rice domestication, during which different central genes were utilized, orthologous genes played different evolutionary roles, and unique genes or regulatory modules were acquired for establishing new traits. Finally, we discuss how the knowledge gained from past domestication processes, together with emerging technologies, could be exploited to improve modern crop breeding and domesticate new crops to meet increasing human demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lubin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jordan N, Gutknecht J, Bybee‐Finley KA, Hunter M, Krupnik TJ, Pittelkow CM, Prasad PVV, Snapp S. To meet grand challenges, agricultural scientists must engage in the politics of constructive collective action. CROP SCIENCE 2021; 61:24-31. [PMID: 33664524 PMCID: PMC7894515 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture now faces grand challenges, with crucial implications for the global future. These include the need to increase production of nutrient-dense food, to improve agriculture's effects on soil, water, wildlife, and climate, and to enhance equity and justice in food and agricultural systems. We argue that certain politics of constructive collective action-and integral involvement of agricultural scientists in these politics-are essential for meeting grand challenges and other complex problems facing agriculture in the 21st century. To spur reflection and deliberation about the role of politics in the work of agricultural scientists, we outline these politics of constructive collective action. These serve to organize forceful responses to grand challenges through coordinated and cooperative action taken by multiple sectors of society. In essence, these politics entail (1) building bonds of affinity within a heterogenous network, (2) developing a shared roadmap for collective action, and (3) taking sustained action together. These emerging politics differ markedly from more commonly discussed forms of political activity by scientists, e.g., policy advisory, policy advocacy, and protest. We present key premises for our thesis, and then describe and discuss a politics of constructive collective action, the necessary roles of agricultural scientists, and an agenda for exploring and expanding their engagement in these politics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jordan
- University of Minnesota1991 Upper Buford CircleSt. PaulMN55108USA
| | - J. Gutknecht
- University of Minnesota1529 Gortner AvenueSt. PaulMN55108USA
| | | | - M. Hunter
- American Farmland Trust1991 Upper Buford CircleSt. PaulMN55108USA
| | - T. J. Krupnik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)House 10/B. Road 53. Gulshan‐2Dhaka1213Bangladesh
| | - C. M. Pittelkow
- University of California, DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - P. V. V. Prasad
- Kansas State University108 Waters Hall, 1603 Old Claflin PlaceManhattanKS66506USA
| | - S. Snapp
- Michigan State UniversityPlant and Soil Sciences Building, 1066 Bogue St., Room 490East LansingMI48824USA
| |
Collapse
|