1
|
Cao Y, Wang K, Lu F, Li Q, Yang Q, Liu B, Muhammad H, Wang Y, Fu F, Li W, Yu H. Comprehensive identification of maize ZmE2F transcription factors and the positive role of ZmE2F6 in response to drought stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:465. [PMID: 38741087 PMCID: PMC11092242 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early 2 factor (E2F) family is characterized as a kind of transcription factor that plays an important role in cell division, DNA damage repair, and cell size regulation. However, its stress response has not been well revealed. RESULTS In this study, ZmE2F members were comprehensively identified in the maize genome, and 21 ZmE2F genes were identified, including eight E2F subclade members, seven DEL subfamily genes, and six DP genes. All ZmE2F proteins possessed the DNA-binding domain (DBD) characterized by conserved motif 1 with the RRIYD sequence. The ZmE2F genes were unevenly distributed on eight maize chromosomes, showed diversity in gene structure, expanded by gene duplication, and contained abundant stress-responsive elements in their promoter regions. Subsequently, the ZmE2F6 gene was cloned and functionally verified in drought response. The results showed that the ZmE2F6 protein interacted with ZmPP2C26, localized in the nucleus, and responded to drought treatment. The overexpression of ZmE2F6 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis with longer root length, higher survival rate, and biomass by upregulating stress-related gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into a greater understanding and functional study of the E2F family in the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengzhong Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qi Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bingliang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hayderbinkhalid Muhammad
- National Research Centre of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yingge Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu K, Wang L, Lou Z, Guo L, Xu Y, Qi H, Fang Z, Mei L, Chen X, Zhang X, Shao J, Xiang X. E2F8 exerts cancer-promoting effects by transcriptionally activating RRM2 and E2F8 knockdown synergizes with WEE1 inhibition in suppressing lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115854. [PMID: 37863324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that facilitates DNA replication and repair by reducing nucleotide diphosphates (NDPs) to deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates (dNDPs) and is thereby crucial for cell proliferation and cancer development. The E2F family of transcription factors includes key regulators of gene expression involved in cell cycle control. In this study, E2F8 expression was significantly increased in most cancer tissues of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and was correlated with the expression of RRM2 through database and clinical samples analysis. The protein expression of E2F8 and RRM2 were positively correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) pathological stage, and high expression of E2F8 and RRM2 predicted a low 5-year overall survival rate in LUAD patients. Overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that E2F8 was essential for LUAD cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression, which were RRM2-dependent. Reporter gene, ChIP-qPCR, and DNA pulldown-Western blot assays indicated that E2F8 activated the transcription of the RRM2 gene by directly binding with the RRM2 promoter in LUAD cells. Previous studies indicated that inhibition of WEE1 kinase can suppress the phosphorylation of CDK1/2 and promote the degradation of RRM2. We further showed here that the combination of E2F8 knockdown with MK-1775, an inhibitor of WEE1 being evaluated in clinical trials, synergistically suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study reveals a novel role of E2F8 as a proto-oncogenic transcription activator by activating RRM2 expression in LUAD, and targeting both the transcription and degradation mechanisms of RRM2 could produce a synergistic inhibitory effect for LUAD treatment in addition to conventional inhibition of RR enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanling Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingming Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueping Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hüneke H, Langeheine M, Rode K, Jung K, Pilatz A, Fietz D, Kliesch S, Brehm R. Effects of a Sertoli cell-specific knockout of Connexin43 on maturation and proliferation of postnatal Sertoli cells. Differentiation 2023; 134:31-51. [PMID: 37839230 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Adult male Sertoli cell-specific Connexin43 knockout mice (SCCx43KO) exhibit higher Sertoli cell (SC) numbers per seminiferous tubule compared to their wild type (WT) littermates. Thus, deletion of this testicular gap junction protein seems to affect the proliferative potential and differentiation of "younger" SC. Although SC have so far mostly been characterised as postmitotic cells that cease to divide and become an adult, terminally differentiated cell population at around puberty, there is rising evidence that there exist exceptions from this for a very long time accepted paradigm. Aim of this study was to investigate postnatal SC development and to figure out underlying causes for observed higher SC numbers in adult KO mice. Therefore, the amount of SC mitotic figures was compared, resulting in slightly more and prolonged detection of SC mitotic figures in KO mice compared to WT. SC counting per tubular cross section revealed significantly different time curves, and comparing proliferation rates using Bromodesoxyuridine and Sox9 showed higher proliferation rates in 8-day old KO mice. SC proliferation was further investigated by Ki67 immunohistochemistry. SC in KO mice displayed a delayed initiation of cell-cycle-inhibitor p27Kip1 synthesis and prolonged synthesis of the phosphorylated tumour suppressor pRb and proliferation marker Ki67. Thus, the higher SC numbers in adult male SCCx43KO mice may arise due to two different reasons: Firstly, in prepubertal KO mice, the proliferation rate of SC was higher. Secondly, there were differences in their ability to cease proliferation as shown by the delayed initiation of p27Kip1 synthesis and the prolonged production of phosphorylated pRb and Ki67. Immunohistochemical results indicating a prolonged period of SC proliferation in SCCx43KO were confirmed by detection of proliferating SC in 17-days-old KO mice. In conclusion, deletion of the testicular gap junction protein Cx43 might prevent normal SC maturation and might even alter also the proliferation potential of adult SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hüneke
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Rode
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gnanasekaran P, Gupta N, Ponnusamy K, Devendran R, George B, Chakraborty S. Betasatellite-encoded βC1 protein regulates helper virus accumulation by interfering with the ATP hydrolysis activity of geminivirus-encoded replication initiator protein. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37326617 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geminivirus-betasatellite disease complexes are an epidemic threat to the majority of economically important crops across the world. Plant virus satellites including betasatellites are maintained by their associated helper virus. Geminivirus-betasatellites influence viral pathogenesis by substantially increasing or decreasing their helper virus accumulation. In the present study, we attempted to understand the mechanistic details of the geminivirus-betasatellite interaction. Here, we used tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV) and tomato leaf curl Patna betasatellite (ToLCPaB) as a model system. This study reveals that ToLCGV can efficiently trans-replicate ToLCPaB in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, but ToLCPaB greatly reduced the accumulation of its helper virus DNA. For the first time, we have identified that the ToLCPaB-encoded βC1 protein is able to interact with ToLCGV-encoded replication initiator protein (Rep). In addition, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of βC1 interacts with the C-terminus of Rep (RepC) protein. Our previous study had established that βC1 proteins encoded by diverse betasatellites possess a novel ATP hydrolysis activity and the conserved lysine/arginine residues at positions 49 and 91 are necessary for this function. Here, we show that mutating lysine at positions 49 to alanine of βC1 (βC1K49A) protein did not affect its ability to interact with RepC protein. Biochemical studies performed with ATP hydrolysis activity-deficient K49A mutated βC1 (βC1K49A) and RepC proteins revealed that Rep-βC1 interaction interferes with the ATP hydrolysis activity of Rep protein. Further, we demonstrate that βC1 protein is able to interact with D227A and D289A mutated RepC proteins but not with D262A, K272A or D286A mutated RepC proteins, suggesting that the βC1-interacting region of Rep protein encompasses its Walker-B and B' motifs. The results of docking studies supported that the βC1-interacting region of Rep protein encompasses its motifs associated with ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis activities. Docking studies also provided evidence that the Rep-βC1 interaction interferes with the ATP binding activity of Rep protein. Together, our findings suggest that βC1 protein regulates helper virus accumulation by interfering with the ATP hydrolysis activity of helper virus Rep protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Biotechnology Division, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi-110 054, India
| | - Ragunathan Devendran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Biju George
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koch J, Schober SJ, Hindupur SV, Schöning C, Klein FG, Mantwill K, Ehrenfeld M, Schillinger U, Hohnecker T, Qi P, Steiger K, Aichler M, Gschwend JE, Nawroth R, Holm PS. Targeting the Retinoblastoma/E2F repressive complex by CDK4/6 inhibitors amplifies oncolytic potency of an oncolytic adenovirus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4689. [PMID: 35948546 PMCID: PMC9365808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and oncolytic viruses are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. As single agents, CDK4/6 inhibitors that are approved for the treatment of breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy cause G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas adenoviruses induce progression into S-phase in infected cells as an integral part of the their life cycle. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors and adenovirus replication target the Retinoblastoma protein albeit for different purposes. Here we show that in combination CDK4/6 inhibitors potentiate the anti-tumor effect of the oncolytic adenovirus XVir-N-31 in bladder cancer and murine Ewing sarcoma xenograft models. This increase in oncolytic potency correlates with an increase in virus-producing cancer cells, enhanced viral genome replication, particle formation and consequently cancer cell killing. The molecular mechanism that regulates this response is fundamentally based on the reduction of Retinoblastoma protein expression levels by CDK4/6 inhibitors. Neither CDK4/6 inhibitors nor oncolytic adenoviruses show high efficiency as monotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Authors show here that when combined, CDK4/6 inhibitors deplete Retinoblastoma protein levels, which leads to more efficient virus replication and an increase in oncolytic virus-producing cancer cells and thus to efficient anti-tumor response in mouse xenograft sarcoma models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koch
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Sruthi V Hindupur
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Schöning
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian G Klein
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Mantwill
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schillinger
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timmy Hohnecker
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Zhan K, Hu Z, Zhao G. SV40T/E6E7-Induced Proliferation Is Involved in the Activity of E2F3 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141790. [PMID: 35883337 PMCID: PMC9312334 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A previous study demonstrated that SV40T does not require E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 activators to induce proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Our results showed that, at an early stage, primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) lacking the E2F1 expression have the capacity to proliferate and show E2F2 and E2F3 slight protein levels. At a late stage, primary BMECs deficient for E2F3 completely abolish any proliferative ability and exhibit a severe cell senescence signal, although the E2F2 can be expressed at a late stage of primary BMECs. Compared with the late stage of primary BMECs, the BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7 restored the protein level of E2F3. In conclusion, this study revealed a molecular mechanism where E2F3 controls the BMECs’ proliferation and senescence. Abstract The E2F family of transcription factor is divided into activators and repressors that control cell proliferation. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) can be immortalized using human papillomavirus 16 E6E7 (HPV16 E6E7) and simian vacuolating virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T). In addition, SV40T does not require E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3 activators to induce proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). However, we report that E2F3 activator is required to induce the proliferation of BMECs. Our results showed that, at an early stage, primary BMECs lacking the E2F1 expression have the capacity to proliferate and show E2F2 and E2F3 slight protein levels. At a late stage, primary BMECs deficient for E2F3 completely abolish any proliferative ability and exhibit a severe cell senescence signal, although the E2F2 can be expressed at a late stage of primary BMECs. Compared with the late stage of primary BMECs, the BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7 restored the protein level of E2F3 and enhanced the CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D3, and CDK2 protein level, leading to proliferating robustly. Surprisingly, it was found that p53, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 were upregulated in SV40T and E6E7-immortalized BMECs, relatively to primary BMECs. Notably, Cdc2 was almost expressed in primary BMECs. However, Cdc2 was elevated in BMECs immortalized by SV40T and E6E7. In conclusion, this study revealed a molecular mechanism where E2F3 controls the BMECs’ proliferation and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18852720422
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The process of revitalising quiescent cells in order for them to proliferate plays a pivotal role in the repair of worn-out tissues as well as for tissue homeostasis. This process is also crucial in the growth, development and well-being of higher multi-cellular organisms such as mammals. Deregulation of proliferation-quiescence transition is related to many diseases, such as cancer. Recent studies have revealed that this proliferation–quiescence process is regulated tightly by the Rb−E2F bistable switch mechanism. Based on experimental observations, in this study, we formulate a mathematical model to examine the effect of the growth factor concentration on the proliferation–quiescence transition in human cells. Working with a non-dimensionalised model, we prove the positivity, boundedness and uniqueness of solutions. To understand model solution behaviour close to bifurcation points, we carry out bifurcation analysis, which is further illustrated by the use of numerical bifurcation analysis, sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations. Indeed, bifurcation and numerical analysis of the model predicted a transition between bistable and stable states, which are dependent on the growth factor concentration parameter (GF). The derived predictions confirm experimental observations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Liu J, Cheang I, Li J, Chen T, Li Y, Yu B. Comprehensive Analysis of the E2F Transcription Factor Family in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5973-5984. [PMID: 35811776 PMCID: PMC9259060 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s369582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), code a family of pivotal transcription factors, have been identified as key regulators in tumor tumorigenesis. However, the function of E2F family in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated. Methods Herein, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal and TIMER were used to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration of E2Fs in LUAD patients. Results The expression levels of E2Fs (E2F1-8) were all significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues. All eight E2Fs had low rates of gene mutation in LUAD patients from cBioPortal databases. Survival analysis revealed that E2F2 (P=0.038; HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02–1.81), E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.33–2.39) and E2F8 (P=0.03; HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.82) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate cox regression analysis found that only E2F7 (P<0.001; HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.75–4.25) was an independent prognostic predictor in LUAD after adjusting common clinical parameters. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also found that E2F7 had high diagnostic value for LUAD (AUC=0.901). Further analysis found that E2F7 was significantly associated with LUAD immune cell infiltration of B cell, T cell, neutrophil, and myeloid dendritic cell. E2F7 also have positive correlations with immune checkpoint genes including SIGLEC15, CD274, HAVCR2, PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, TIGIT, LAG3 and PDCD1 in LUAD. Conclusion Our findings showed various association of E2F7 in LUAD diagnostic and prognostic aspects, which suggested its potential in becoming a novel biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingzhen Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Yanxiu Li, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bo Yu, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong EM, Song YM, Kim JK. Combined multiple transcriptional repression mechanisms generate ultrasensitivity and oscillations. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210084. [PMID: 35450279 PMCID: PMC9010851 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional repression can occur via various mechanisms, such as blocking, sequestration and displacement. For instance, the repressors can hold the activators to prevent binding with DNA or can bind to the DNA-bound activators to block their transcriptional activity. Although the transcription can be completely suppressed with a single mechanism, multiple repression mechanisms are used together to inhibit transcriptional activators in many systems, such as circadian clocks and NF-κB oscillators. This raises the question of what advantages arise if seemingly redundant repression mechanisms are combined. Here, by deriving equations describing the multiple repression mechanisms, we find that their combination can synergistically generate a sharply ultrasensitive transcription response and thus strong oscillations. This rationalizes why the multiple repression mechanisms are used together in various biological oscillators. The critical role of such combined transcriptional repression for strong oscillations is further supported by our analysis of formerly identified mutations disrupting the transcriptional repression of the mammalian circadian clock. The hitherto unrecognized source of the ultrasensitivity, the combined transcriptional repressions, can lead to robust synthetic oscillators with a previously unachievable simple design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui Min Jeong
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Min Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gospel of malignant Glioma: Oncolytic virus therapy. Gene 2022; 818:146217. [PMID: 35093451 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioma accounts for nearly 80% of all intracranial malignant tumors. It is a major challenge to society as it is causes to impaired brain function in many patients. Currently, gliomas are mainly treated with surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the curative effects of these treatments are not satisfactory. Oncolytic virus (OV) is a novel treatment which works by activating the immune functions and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The OV propagates indefinitely in the host cell, eventually leading to the death of host cell. Subsequently, a large number of antigens and signal molecules are released which exert antitumor immunity. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that G207, DNX2401, Zika and other viruses have important roles in malignant tumors. For example, these viruses can reduce the growth of tumor cells without causing severe complications. However, the known OVs have not been clearly classified. Herein, we divided OVs into neurotropic and non-neurophilic OVs based on whether the OVs are naturally neurotropic or not. The therapeutic effects of each group were compared. Finally, challenges encountered in the clinical application of OVs in the treatment of malignant gliomas were summarized.
Collapse
|
11
|
Godwin J, Farrona S. The Importance of Networking: Plant Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Its Interactors. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6010008. [PMID: 35323212 PMCID: PMC8948837 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is arguably the best-known plant complex of the Polycomb Group (PcG) pathway, formed by a group of proteins that epigenetically represses gene expression. PRC2-mediated deposition of H3K27me3 has amply been studied in Arabidopsis and, more recently, data from other plant model species has also been published, allowing for an increasing knowledge of PRC2 activities and target genes. How PRC2 molecular functions are regulated and how PRC2 is recruited to discrete chromatin regions are questions that have brought more attention in recent years. A mechanism to modulate PRC2-mediated activity is through its interaction with other protein partners or accessory proteins. Current evidence for PRC2 interactors has demonstrated the complexity of its protein network and how far we are from fully understanding the impact of these interactions on the activities of PRC2 core subunits and on the formation of new PRC2 versions. This review presents a list of PRC2 interactors, emphasizing their mechanistic action upon PRC2 functions and their effects on transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Y, Jiang Y, Lao J, Zhou Y, Su L, Huang X. Characterization and Functional Study of FAM49B Reveals Its Effect on Cell Proliferation in HEK293T Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020388. [PMID: 35205432 PMCID: PMC8872254 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM49B/Fam49b is a member of the Fam49 (Family with sequence similarity 49) gene family, which is characterized by the conserved domain, DUF1394 (Domain of Unknown Function 1394). It has also been named CYRI-B (CYFIP related RAC1 interactor B), implicating its important function of regulating RAC1-driven cytoskeleton remolding. In this study, to further investigate its functions and mechanisms affecting cell behaviors, HEK293T cells (where FAM49B is highly expressed) were used to establish a FAM49B knockout cell line by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Our data have clearly revealed that there are triple alleles of FAM49B in the genome of HEK293T cells. Meanwhile, the proliferation deficiency of the FAM49B KO HEK293T cell line and the significantly changed cell proliferation related gene expression profiles, such as CCND1, have been uncovered. At the same time, the existence of isoform 3 has been confirmed in HEK293T cells. Our studies have suggested that FAM49B may also affect cell proliferation via Cyclins, besides its influence on the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Chen
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jihui Lao
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yankuan Zhou
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lida Su
- Neuroscience Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8820-6786 (X.H.)
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8820-6786 (X.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Yun/Prohibitin complex regulates adult Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation through the transcription factor E2F1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111711119. [PMID: 35115400 PMCID: PMC8832997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111711119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis. We identified a factor, Yun, required for proliferation of normal and transformed intestinal stem cells in adult Drosophila. Yun acts as a scaffold to stabilize the Prohibitin (PHB) complex previously implicated in various cellular and developmental processes and diseases. The Yun/PHB complex acts downstream of EGFR/MAPK signaling and affects the levels of E2F1 to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation. The role of the PHB complex in cell proliferation is evolutionarily conserved. Our results provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of how stem cell proliferation is properly controlled during tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Stem cells constantly divide and differentiate to maintain adult tissue homeostasis, and uncontrolled stem cell proliferation leads to severe diseases such as cancer. How stem cell proliferation is precisely controlled remains poorly understood. Here, from an RNA interference (RNAi) screen in adult Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs), we identify a factor, Yun, required for proliferation of normal and transformed ISCs. Yun is mainly expressed in progenitors; our genetic and biochemical evidence suggest that it acts as a scaffold to stabilize the Prohibitin (PHB) complex previously implicated in various cellular and developmental processes and diseases. We demonstrate that the Yun/PHB complex is regulated by and acts downstream of EGFR/MAPK signaling. Importantly, the Yun/PHB complex interacts with and positively affects the levels of the transcription factor E2F1 to regulate ISC proliferation. In addition, we find that the role of the PHB complex in cell proliferation is evolutionarily conserved. Thus, our study uncovers a Yun/PHB-E2F1 regulatory axis in stem cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
14
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
15
|
Stemness, Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Carcinoma: The Intricate Network. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312891. [PMID: 34884696 PMCID: PMC8658015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In global cancer statistics, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks third by incidence and second by mortality, causing 10.0% of new cancer cases and 9.4% of oncological deaths worldwide. Despite the development of screening programs and preventive measures, there are still high numbers of advanced cases. Multiple problems compromise the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, one of these being cancer stem cells—a minor fraction of pluripotent, self-renewing malignant cells capable of maintaining steady, low proliferation and exhibiting an intriguing arsenal of treatment resistance mechanisms. Currently, there is an increasing body of evidence for intricate associations between inflammation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. In this review, we focus on inflammation and its role in CRC stemness development through epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
|
16
|
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Is Required for JCPyV Infection in Primary Astrocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113218. [PMID: 34831441 PMCID: PMC8624856 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a main target of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in the central nervous system (CNS), where the destruction of these cells, along with oligodendrocytes, leads to the fatal disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There is no cure currently available for PML, so it is essential to discover antivirals for this aggressive disease. Additionally, the lack of a tractable in vivo models for studying JCPyV infection makes primary cells an accurate alternative for elucidating mechanisms of viral infection in the CNS. This research to better understand the signaling pathways activated in response to JCPyV infection reveals and establishes the importance of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in JCPyV infection in primary human astrocytes compared to transformed cell lines. Using RNA sequencing and chemical inhibitors to target PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, we have demonstrated the importance of this signaling pathway in JCPyV infection of primary astrocytes not observed in transformed cells. Collectively, these findings illuminate the potential for repurposing drugs that are involved with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and cancer treatment as potential therapeutics for PML, caused by this neuroinvasive virus.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen W, Gao G, Yan M, Yu M, Shi K, Yang P. Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promoted lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in the myocardium by sponging microRNA-124-3p/E2F3. Mol Med 2021; 27:131. [PMID: 34666672 PMCID: PMC8524853 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis (SIMD) leads to high mortality in critically ill patients. We investigated the function and mechanism of long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 (lncRNA MAPKAPK-AS1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation response in vivo and in vitro. METHOD Male SD rats were utilized for in vivo experiments. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were employed for in vitro experiments. Western blotting was employed to measure protein expression, and RT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression of inflammation factors. TUNEL and flow cytometry were carried out to evulate cell apoptosis. RESULT The results showed that the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 was increased, while the expression of miR-124-3p was decreased in the inflammatory damage induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of MAPKAPK5-AS1 reduced LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response, while overexpression of miR-124-3p weakened the effects of MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response. Moreover, miR-124-3p was identified as a downstream miRNA of MAPKAPK5-AS1, and E2F3 was a target of miR-214-3p. MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown increased the expression of miR-124-3p, while miR-124-3p overexpression reduced the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1. In addition, miR-124-3p was found to downregulate E2F3 expression in H9C2 cells. CONCLUSION MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-124-3p/E2F3 axis regulates LPS-related H9C2 cell apoptosis and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Swiatnicki MR, Andrechek ER. Metastasis is altered through multiple processes regulated by the E2F1 transcription factor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9502. [PMID: 33947907 PMCID: PMC8097008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors is important for many cellular processes, from their canonical role in cell cycle regulation to other roles in angiogenesis and metastasis. Alteration of the Rb/E2F pathway occurs in various forms of cancer, including breast cancer. E2F1 ablation has been shown to decrease metastasis in MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Here we take a bioinformatic approach to determine the E2F1 regulated genomic alterations involved in the metastatic cascade, in both Neu and PyMT models. Through gene expression analysis, we reveal few transcriptome changes in non-metastatic E2F1-/- tumors relative to transgenic tumor controls. However investigation of these models through whole genome sequencing found numerous differences between the models, including differences in the proposed tumor etiology between E2F1-/- and E2F1+/+ tumors induced by Neu or PyMT. For example, loss of E2F1 within the Neu model led to an increased contribution of the inefficient double stranded break repair signature to the proposed etiology of the tumors. While the SNV mutation burden was higher in PyMT mouse tumors than Neu mouse tumors, there was no statistically significant differences between E2F WT and E2F1 KO mice. Investigating mutated genes through gene set analysis also found a significant number of genes mutated in the cell adhesion pathway in E2F1-/- tumors, indicating this may be a route for disruption of metastasis in E2F1-/- tumors. Overall, these findings illustrate the complicated nature of uncovering drivers of the metastatic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Swiatnicki
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Zhou L, Liu Y, Yang L, Jiang D, Li K, Xie S, Wang X, Wang S. Comprehensive Analysis of Cyclin Family Gene Expression in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674394. [PMID: 33996604 PMCID: PMC8117346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy of the digestive tract with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis of colon cancer and to prolong patient survival. Cyclins are a family of proteins that directly participate in the cell cycle and are associated with many types of tumors, but the role and regulatory mechanism of most cyclin family members in colon cancer remain unclear. Here, we provide a systematic and comprehensive study of cyclin family gene expression and their potential roles in colon cancer. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that cyclin genes were most differentially expressed in colon adenocarcinoma. Among the four datasets of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, six cyclin genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, CCNF, and CCNJL) were differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues. Four of them (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNE1, and CCNF) were notably elevated in the early TNM stages and significantly correlated with overall survival. Meanwhile, the expression of CCNA2 and CCNB1 was positively correlated with tumor-killing immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells.The copy numbers of CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, and CCNF was positively related to gene expression. The methylation levels of CCNB1 were lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues and were negatively correlated with gene expression. The receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the gene expression of 24 cyclins had higher predictive accuracy than the TNM stage. Pathway analysis showed that cyclin genes were tightly associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, hormone ER, the RAS/MAPK pathway, mismatch repair, mTORC1 signaling, KRAS signaling, Akt, and TGFB in colon cancer. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested that cyclin genes were closely linked to CDK1, BIRC5, PLK1, and BCL2L12. At the protein level, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 were also expressed higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, cyclin genes were highly related to the drug sensitivity of some FDA-approved drugs, such as MEK and EGFR inhibitors, which might provide guidance for clinical treatment. In conclusion, cyclin genes are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mizushima S, Sasanami T, Ono T, Matsuzaki M, Kansaku N, Kuroiwa A. Cyclin D1 gene expression is essential for cell cycle progression from the maternal-to-zygotic transition during blastoderm development in Japanese quail. Dev Biol 2021; 476:249-258. [PMID: 33905721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis proceeds by a highly regulated series of events. In animals, maternal factors that accumulate in the egg cytoplasm control cell cycle progression at the initial stage of cleavage. However, cell cycle regulation is switched to a system governed by the activated nuclear genome at a specific stage of development, referred to as maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Detailed molecular analyses have been performed on maternal factors and activated zygotic genes in MZT in mammals, fishes and chicken; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear in quail. In the present study, we demonstrated that MZT occurred at blastoderm stage V in the Japanese quail using novel gene targeting technology in which the CRISPR/Cas9 and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) systems were combined. At blastoderm stage V, we found that maternal retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) protein expression was down-regulated, whereas the gene expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was initiated. When a microinjection of sgRNA containing CCND1-targeted sequencing and Cas9 mRNA was administered at the pronuclear stage, blastoderm development stopped at stage V and the down-regulation of RB1 did not occur. This result indicates the most notable difference from mammals in which CCND-knockout embryos are capable of developing beyond MZT. We also showed that CCND1 induced the phosphorylation of the serine/threonine residues of the RB1 protein, which resulted in the degradation of this protein. These results suggest that CCND1 is one of the key factors for RB1 protein degradation at MZT, and the elimination of RB1 may contribute to cell cycle progression after MZT during blastoderm development in the Japanese quail. Our novel technology, which combined the CRISPR/Cas9 system and ICSI, has the potential to become a powerful tool for avian-targeted mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Mizushima
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Sasanami
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norio Kansaku
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, 229-8501, Japan
| | - Asato Kuroiwa
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Direct Regulation of DNA Repair by E2F and RB in Mammals and Plants: Core Function or Convergent Evolution? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050934. [PMID: 33668093 PMCID: PMC7956360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins and E2F transcription factors partner together to regulate the cell cycle in many eukaryotic organisms. In organisms that lack one or both of these proteins, other proteins have taken on the essential function of cell cycle regulation. RB and E2F also have important functions outside of the cell cycle, including DNA repair. This review summarizes the non-canonical functions of RB and E2F in maintaining genome integrity and raises the question of whether such functions have always been present or have evolved more recently. Abstract Members of the E2F transcription factor family regulate the expression of genes important for DNA replication and mitotic cell division in most eukaryotes. Homologs of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor inhibit the activity of E2F factors, thus controlling cell cycle progression. Organisms such as budding and fission yeast have lost genes encoding E2F and RB, but have gained genes encoding other proteins that take on E2F and RB cell cycle-related functions. In addition to regulating cell proliferation, E2F and RB homologs have non-canonical functions outside the mitotic cell cycle in a variety of eukaryotes. For example, in both mammals and plants, E2F and RB homologs localize to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and directly promote repair by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we discuss the parallels between mammalian E2F1 and RB and their Arabidopsis homologs, E2FA and RB-related (RBR), with respect to their recruitment to sites of DNA damage and how they help recruit repair factors important for DNA end resection. We also explore the question of whether this role in DNA repair is a conserved ancient function of the E2F and RB homologs in the last eukaryotic common ancestor or whether this function evolved independently in mammals and plants.
Collapse
|
23
|
Caradonna F, Cruciata I, Luparello C. Nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and phenotypic outcomes of dietary low-dose alcohol consumption in the suppression and induction of cancer development: evidence from in vitro studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2122-2139. [PMID: 33287559 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1850416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the intake of alcoholic beverages may impair genetic and epigenetic regulatory events with consequent crucial effects on cell phenotypes and that its association with selected genotypes can lead to a different risk of cancer in the population. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies on this topic and recapitulate some of the biochemical and nutrigenetic/nutrigenomic aspects involved in the impact of dietary low-dose alcohol consumption on the switching-on or -off of tumorigenic pathways. These include i) the existence of predisposing or protective human genotypes and the relationship between dietary compounds and alcohol in the promotion or inhibition of carcinogenesis; ii) the effects of other components of alcoholic drinks in the modulation of the expression of oncogenes and oncosuppressors, the autophagic flux and the onset of apoptosis, with examples of their cytospecificity; and iii) the role of alcoholic beverage consumption within particular dietary regimens, including the Mediterranean diet. Taking all the data into account, several alcohol-associated bioactive dietary compounds appear capable to modulate peculiar intracellular pathways predisposing to or protecting from cancer. Advances in the nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic and nutriepigenetic knowledge complementing the biochemical and molecular approaches will help in unveiling their impact on health outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Epstein-Barr Virus Facilitates Expression of KLF14 by Regulating the Cooperative Binding of the E2F-Rb-HDAC Complex in Latent Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01209-20. [PMID: 32847849 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01209-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered as the first human tumor virus more than 50 years ago. EBV infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide and is associated with numerous hematologic malignancies and epithelial malignancies. EBV establishes latent infection in B cells, which is the typical program seen in lymphomagenesis. Understanding EBV-mediated transcription regulatory networks is one of the current challenges that will uncover new insights into the mechanism of viral-mediated lymphomagenesis. Here, we describe the regulatory profiles of several cellular factors (E2F6, E2F1, Rb, HDAC1, and HDAC2) together with EBV latent nuclear antigens using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Our results show that the E2F-Rb-HDAC complex exhibits similar distributions in genomic regions of EBV-positive cells and is associated with oncogenic super-enhancers involving long-range regulatory regions. Furthermore, EBV latent antigens cooperatively hijack this complex to bind at KLFs gene loci and facilitate KLF14 gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These results demonstrate that EBV latent antigens can function as master regulators of this multisubunit repressor complex (E2F-Rb-HDAC) to reverse its suppressive activities and facilitate downstream gene expression that can contribute to viral-induced lymphomagenesis. These results provide novel insights into targets for the development of new therapeutic interventions for treating EBV-associated lymphomas.IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as the first human tumor virus, infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide and is associated with numerous human cancers. Exploring EBV-mediated transcription regulatory networks is critical to understand viral-associated lymphomagenesis. However, the detailed mechanism is not fully explored. Now we describe the regulatory profiles of the E2F-Rb-HDAC complex together with EBV latent antigens, and we found that EBV latent antigens cooperatively facilitate KLF14 expression by antagonizing this multisubunit repressor complex in EBV-positive cells. This provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of EBV-associated cancers.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aarthy M, Panwar U, Singh SK. Structural dynamic studies on identification of EGCG analogues for the inhibition of Human Papillomavirus E7. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8661. [PMID: 32457393 PMCID: PMC7250877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High risk human papillomaviruses are highly associated with the cervical carcinoma and the other genital tumors. Development of cervical cancer passes through the multistep process initiated from benign cyst to increasingly severe premalignant dysplastic lesions in an epithelium. Replication of this virus occurs in the fatal differentiating epithelium and involves in the activation of cellular DNA replication proteins. The oncoprotein E7 of human papillomavirus expressed in the lower epithelial layers constrains the cells into S-phase constructing an environment favorable for genome replication and cell proliferation. To date, no suitable drug molecules exist to treat HPV infection whereas anticipation of novel anti-HPV chemotherapies with distinctive mode of actions and identification of potential drugs are crucial to a greater extent. Hence, our present study focused on identification of compounds analogue to EGCG, a green tea molecule which is considered to be safe to use for mammalian systems towards treatment of cancer. A three dimensional similarity search on the small molecule library from natural product database using EGCG identified 11 potential small molecules based on their structural similarity. The docking strategies were implemented with acquired small molecules and identification of the key interactions between protein and compounds were carried out through binding free energy calculations. The conformational changes between the apoprotein and complexes were analyzed through simulation performed thrice demonstrating the dynamical and structural effects of the protein induced by the compounds signifying the domination. The analysis of the conformational stability provoked us to describe the features of the best identified small molecules through electronic structure calculations. Overall, our study provides the basis for structural insights of the identified potential identified small molecules and EGCG. Hence, the identified analogue of EGCG can be potent inhibitors against the HPV 16 E7 oncoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Aarthy
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knudsen ES, Nambiar R, Rosario SR, Smiraglia DJ, Goodrich DW, Witkiewicz AK. Pan-cancer molecular analysis of the RB tumor suppressor pathway. Commun Biol 2020; 3:158. [PMID: 32242058 PMCID: PMC7118159 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) plays a critical role in coordinating multiple pathways that impact cancer initiation, disease progression, and therapeutic responses. Here we probed molecular features associated with the RB-pathway across 31 tumor-types. While the RB-pathway has been purported to exhibit multiple mutually exclusive genetic events, only RB1 alteration is mutually exclusive with deregulation of CDK4/6 activity. An ER+ breast cancer model with targeted RB1 deletion was used to identify signatures of CDK4/6 activity and RB-dependency (CDK4/6-RB integrated signature). This signature was prognostic in tumor-types with gene expression features indicative of slower growth. Single copy loss on chromosome 13q encompassing the RB1 locus is prevalent in many cancers, yielding reduced expression of multiple genes in cis, and is inversely related to the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature supporting a cause-effect relationship. Genes that are positively and inversely correlated with the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature define new tumor-specific pathways associated with RB-pathway activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Buffalo, USA. .,Center for Personalized Medicine, Buffalo, USA.
| | - Ram Nambiar
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Buffalo, USA
| | - Spencer R Rosario
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Dominic J Smiraglia
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Buffalo, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Center for Personalized Medicine, Buffalo, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Buffalo, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Windmueller R, Leach JP, Babu A, Zhou S, Morley MP, Wakabayashi A, Petrenko NB, Viatour P, Morrisey EE. Direct Comparison of Mononucleated and Binucleated Cardiomyocytes Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Distinct Proliferative Competencies. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3105-3116.e4. [PMID: 32130910 PMCID: PMC7194103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart is incapable of regenerating a sufficient number of cardiomyocytes to ameliorate the loss of contractile muscle after acute myocardial injury. Several reports have demonstrated that mononucleated cardiomyocytes are more responsive than are binucleated cardiomyocytes to pro-proliferative stimuli. We have developed a strategy to isolate and characterize highly enriched populations of mononucleated and binucleated cardiomyocytes at various times of development. Our results suggest that an E2f/Rb transcriptional network is central to the divergence of these two populations and that remnants of the differences acquired during the neonatal period remain in adult cardiomyocytes. Moreover, inducing binucleation by genetically blocking the ability of cardiomyocytes to complete cytokinesis leads to a reduction in E2f target gene expression, directly linking the E2f pathway with nucleation. These data identify key molecular differences between mononucleated and binucleated mammalian cardiomyocytes that can be used to leverage cardiomyocyte proliferation for promoting injury repair in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Windmueller
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John P Leach
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aoi Wakabayashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nataliya B Petrenko
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Viatour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Valdés A, Zhao H, Pettersson U, Lind SB. Phosphorylation Time-Course Study of the Response during Adenovirus Type 2 Infection. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900327. [PMID: 32032466 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PTMs such as phosphorylations are usually involved in signal transduction pathways. To investigate the temporal dynamics of phosphoproteome changes upon viral infection, a model system of IMR-90 cells infected with human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is used in a time-course quantitative analysis combining titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) particle enrichment and SILAC-MS. Quantitative data from 1552 phosphorylated sites clustered the highly altered phosphorylated sites to the signaling by rho family GTPases, the actin cytoskeleton signaling, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathways. Their activation is especially pronounced at early time post-infection. Changes of several phosphorylated sites involved in the glycolysis pathway, related to the activation of the Warburg effect, point at virus-induced energy production. For Ad2 proteins, 32 novel phosphorylation sites are identified and as many as 52 phosphorylated sites on 17 different Ad2 proteins are quantified, most of them at late time post-infection. Kinase predictions highlighted activation of PKA, CDK1/2, MAPK, and CKII. Overlaps of kinase motif sequences for viral and human proteins are observed, stressing the importance of phosphorylation during Ad2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hongxing Zhao
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Pettersson
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Section of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 24, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lam CW, Fong NC, Chan TYC, Lau KC, Ling TK, Mak DWY, Cheng X, Law CY. Centrosome-associated CDC25B is a novel disease-causing gene for a syndrome with cataracts, dilated cardiomyopathy, and multiple endocrinopathies. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:81-87. [PMID: 32027886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe a unique Chinese girl who presented with intrauterine growth retardation, delayed development, bilateral cataracts, hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, and juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy. She was born to consanguineous parents with a history of one fetal and one infantile death in the family. She died from cardiac failure at the age of 12. In the pursuit of a diagnosis, the family was referred to the Clinics for Rare Diseases Referral and the University of Hong Kong Undiagnosed Disease Program. Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous non-sense variant, NM_021873:c.313G > T (p.Glu105*), in the CDC25B gene, a key regulator of the cell cycle. This variant was located in a region of homozygosity of 25 Mb on chromosome 20. Her parents and two asymptomatic sisters were confirmed to be carriers and one brother did not carry the variant. This is the first report of a natural human knockout of the CDC25B gene. Multiple endocrinopathies and fatal juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy suggests the potential for unfavorable complications in oncology patients receiving CDC25B inhibitors as an emerging targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nai-Chung Fong
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwai-Cheung Lau
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Ki Ling
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Wai-Yau Mak
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chun-Yiu Law
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaynor SM, Sun R, Lin X, Quackenbush J. Identification of differentially expressed gene sets using the Generalized Berk-Jones statistic. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:4568-4576. [PMID: 31062858 PMCID: PMC6853697 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cancer genomics studies frequently aim to identify genes that are differentially expressed between clinically distinct patient subgroups, generally by testing single genes one at a time. However, the results of any individual transcriptomic study are often not fully reproducible. A particular challenge impeding statistical analysis is the difficulty of distinguishing between differential expression comprising part of the genomic disease etiology and that induced by downstream effects. More robust analytical approaches that are well-powered to detect potentially causative genes, are less prone to discovering spurious associations, and can deliver reproducible findings across different studies are needed. RESULTS We propose a set-based procedure for testing of differential expression and show that this set-based approach can produce more robust results by aggregating information across multiple, correlated genomic markers. Specifically, we adapt the Generalized Berk-Jones statistic to test for the transcription factors that may contribute to the progression of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. We demonstrate the ability of our method to produce reproducible findings by applying the same analysis to 21 publicly available datasets, producing a similar list of significant transcription factors across most studies. Our Generalized Berk-Jones approach produces results that show improved consistency over three set-based testing algorithms: Generalized Higher Criticism, Gene Set Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Data are in the MetaGxBreast R package. Code is available at github.com/ryanrsun/gaynor_sun_GBJ_breast_cancer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Gaynor
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kiyokawa J, Wakimoto H. Preclinical And Clinical Development Of Oncolytic Adenovirus For The Treatment Of Malignant Glioma. Oncolytic Virother 2019; 8:27-37. [PMID: 31750274 PMCID: PMC6817710 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication conditional oncolytic human adenovirus has long been considered a promising biological therapeutic to target high-grade gliomas (HGG), a group of essentially lethal primary brain cancer. The last decade has witnessed initiation and some completion of a number of Phase I and II clinical investigations of oncolytic adenovirus for HGG in the US and Europe. Results of these trials in patients are pivotal for not only federal approval but also filling an existing knowledge gap that primarily derives from the stark differences in permissivity to human adenovirus between humans and preclinical mouse models. DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD), the current mainstream oncolytic adenovirus with modifications in E1A and the fiber, has been shown to induce impressive objective response and long-term survival (>3 years) in a fraction of patients with recurrent HGG. Responders exhibited initial enlargement of the treated lesions for a few months post treatment, followed by shrinkage and near complete resolution. In accord with preclinical research, post-treatment specimens revealed virus-mediated alteration of the immune tumor microenvironment as evidenced by infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M1-polarized macrophages. These findings are encouraging and together with further information from ongoing studies have a potential to make oncolytic adenovirus a viable option for clinical management of HGG. This review deals with this timely topic; we will describe both preclinical and clinical development of oncolytic adenovirus therapy for HGG, summarize updated knowledge on clinical trials and discuss challenges that the field currently faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
LncRNA MRAK048635_P1 is critical for vascular smooth muscle cell function and phenotypic switching in essential hypertension. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182229. [PMID: 30833363 PMCID: PMC6422888 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling caused by essential hypertension is a leading cause of death in patients, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and phenotypic switching result in vascular remodeling. Therefore, inhibiting cell dysfunction and phenotypic switching in VSMCs may be a new treatment strategy for essential hypertension. The aim of the current study is to explore the roles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MRAK048635_P1 in VSMC function and phenotypic switching. The MRAK048635_P1 level was determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and VSMCs isolated from SHRs. MRAK048635_P1 was knocked down using a specific siRNA in VSMCs isolated from the thoracic aorta of SHRs and Wistar–Kyoto rats. Then, the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), a 3H labeling method, a transwell assay, and a wound healing assay. Flow cytometry was used to test the effect of MRAK048635_P1 on VSMC apoptosis. The protein and mRNA levels of associated genes were measured through Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). MRAK048635_P1 showed low expression during hypertension in vivo and in vitro. Down-regulation of lncRNA MRAK048635_P1 promoted proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis in VSMCs isolated from healthy rat vascular tissue and SHR-derived VSMCs. Importantly, we also found that down-regulation of MRAK048635_P1 could induce VSMC phenotypic switching from a contractile to a secretory phenotype. In conclusion, our findings reveal that decreased MRAK048635_P1 is probably an important factor for vascular remodeling by affecting VSMC cell function and phenotypic switching in essential hypertension.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hua M, Qin Y, Sheng M, Cui X, Chen W, Zhong J, Yan J, Chen Y. miR‑145 suppresses ovarian cancer progression via modulation of cell growth and invasion by targeting CCND2 and E2F3. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3575-3583. [PMID: 30864742 PMCID: PMC6471561 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA/miRs) have been demonstrated to be critical post‑transcriptional modulators of gene expression during tumorigenesis. Numerous miRNAs have been revealed to be downregulated in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In the present study, it was observed that the expression of miR‑145 was decreased in EOC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR‑145 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of EOC cells. The D‑type cyclin 2, cyclin D2 (CCND2), and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) were confirmed to be targets of miR‑145. In addition, restoration of these 2 genes significantly reversed the tumor suppressive effects of miR‑145. Collectively, the results indicated that miR‑145 serves a critical role in suppressing the biological behavior of EOC cells by targeting CCND2 and E2F3. Therefore, miR‑145 was suggested to be a potential miRNA‑based therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Meihong Sheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weiguan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Junming Yan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Role of RB in Prostate Cancer Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:301-318. [PMID: 31900914 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RB tumor suppressor is one of the most commonly deleted/mutated genes in human cancers. In prostate cancer specifically, mutation of RB is most frequently observed in aggressive, metastatic disease. As one of the earliest tumor suppressors to be identified, the molecular functions of RB that are lost in tumor development have been studied for decades. Earlier work focused on the canonical RB pathway connecting mitogenic signaling to the cell cycle via Cyclin/CDK inactivation of RB, thereby releasing the E2F transcription factors. More in-depth analysis revealed that RB-E2F complexes regulate cellular processes beyond proliferation. Most recently, "non-canonical" roles for RB function have been expanded beyond its E2F interactions, which may play a particular role in advanced prostate cancer. For example, in mouse models of prostate cancer, loss of RB has been shown to induce lineage plasticity, which enables resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. This increased understanding of the potential downstream functions of RB in prostate cancer may lead the way to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities in cells following RB loss.
Collapse
|
35
|
The Transcriptional Repressor BS69 is a Conserved Target of the E1A Proteins from Several Human Adenovirus Species. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120662. [PMID: 30469473 PMCID: PMC6315623 DOI: 10.3390/v10120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early region 1A (E1A) is the first viral protein produced upon human adenovirus (HAdV) infection. This multifunctional protein transcriptionally activates other HAdV early genes and reprograms gene expression in host cells to support productive infection. E1A functions by interacting with key cellular regulatory proteins through short linear motifs (SLiMs). In this study, the molecular determinants of interaction between E1A and BS69, a cellular repressor that negatively regulates E1A transactivation, were systematically defined by mutagenesis experiments. We found that a minimal sequence comprised of MPNLVPEV, which contains a conserved PXLXP motif and spans residues 112–119 in HAdV-C5 E1A, was necessary and sufficient in binding to the myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain of BS69. Our study also identified residues P113 and L115 as critical for this interaction. Furthermore, the HAdV-C5 and -A12 E1A proteins from species C and A bound BS69, but those of HAdV-B3, -E4, -D9, -F40, and -G52 from species B, E, D, F, and G, respectively, did not. In addition, BS69 functioned as a repressor of E1A-mediated transactivation, but only for HAdV-C5 and HAdV-A12 E1A. Thus, the PXLXP motif present in a subset of HAdV E1A proteins confers interaction with BS69, which serves as a negative regulator of E1A mediated transcriptional activation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Multipronged activity of combinatorial miR-143 and miR-506 inhibits Lung Cancer cell cycle progression and angiogenesis in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10495. [PMID: 30002440 PMCID: PMC6043488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Downregulation of CDK1, 4 and 6, key regulators of cell cycle progression, correlates with decreased LC cell proliferation. Enforced expression of miRNAs (miRs) is a promising approach to regulate genes. Here, we study the combinatorial treatment of miR-143 and miR-506 to target the CDK1, 4/6 genes, respectively. We analyzed the differential expression of CDK genes by qPCR, and western blot, and evaluated changes in the cell cycle distribution upon combinatorial treatment. We used an antibody microarray analysis to evaluate protein expression, focusing on the cell cycle pathway, and performed RNA-sequencing for pathway analysis. The combinatorial miR treatment significantly downregulated CDK1, 4 and 6 expression, and induced a shift of the cell cycle populations, indicating a G1 and G2 cell cycle block. The two miRs induces strong cytotoxic activity, with potential synergism, and a significant Caspase 3/7 activation. We identified a strong inhibition of tube formation in the presence or absence VEGF in an in vitro angiogenesis model. Together with the pathways analysis of the RNA-sequencing data, our findings establish the combinatorial miR transfection as a viable strategy for lung cancer treatment that merits further investigation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Stiebing BN, Rosado FG, Vos JA. Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignancies in the Setting of Posttransplantation Immunosuppression. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142:711-714. [PMID: 29848025 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0586-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - The use of immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection within the host creates the opportunity for unchecked development of malignancy in the posttransplantation setting. These malignancies frequently show association with human papillomavirus. Within this specific patient population, understanding the oncogenic role of this virus is vital for prompt recognition and treatment of malignancy and precursor lesions as well as the institution of appropriate preventive measures. OBJECTIVE - To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in the posttransplantation setting. DATA SOURCES - The study comprised a review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS - The development of human papillomavirus-related malignancies in transplantation patients is dependent on several factors, such as virus subtype, length of immunosuppression, and type of immunosuppressive therapy. Malignancies within these patients differ from those in the general population in terms of pathogenesis, frequency, and recurrence rate, and therefore require further understanding to allow for optimal surveillance and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey A Vos
- From the West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (Ms Stiebing); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern BioCenter, Dallas (Dr Rosado); and the Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (Dr Vos)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sollazzo MR, Benassi MS, Magagnoli G, Gamberi G, Molendini L, Ragazzini P, Merli M, Ferrari C, Balladelli A, Picci P. Increased C-MYC Oncogene Expression in Ewing's Sarcoma: Correlation with Ki67 Proliferation Index. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 85:167-73. [PMID: 10426126 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Ewing's sarcoma is a highly malignant musculoskeletal tumor composed of small round cells. Although important results have been achieved with surgery associated with chemotherapy, recurrent disease is still a major problem. In order to define new prognostic factors useful for therapeutic decision-making, we conducted a study on 38 Ewing's sarcoma samples in which c-myc oncogene expression and Ki67 proliferation index were correlated with clinical outcome. Methods and Study Design Nineteen patients developed metastases during follow-up and 10 of these patients died. C-myc and Ki67 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry performed on 5 μm formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, while the c-myc mRNA transcript was localized using in situ hybridization. Results A statistically positive correlation was found between c-myc protein and Ki67 (P = 0.001) and c-myc mRNA and Ki67 expression (P = 0.047). The 38 patients were divided into two groups using as the cutoff 50% of Ki67-positive cells. The disease-free survival and overall survival estimates were 68% and 90%, respectively, in the group of patients with a percentage of Ki67-positive cells <50%, and 25% and 50%, respectively, in the group with a percentage of Ki67-positive cells ≥50%. The difference between the survival curves was statistically significant (P <0.05 and P <0.01). Furthermore, relapsed patients had a high and uniform expression of c-myc protein and mRNA compared to disease-free patients. Conclusion These results suggest a possible role of the c-myc oncogene and Ki67 antigen in the malignant progression of Ewing's sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Sollazzo
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Oncologica, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Farman FU, Haq F, Muhammad N, Ali N, Rahman H, Saeed M. Aberrant promoter methylation status is associated with upregulation of the E2F4 gene in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8461-8469. [PMID: 29805583 PMCID: PMC5950537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F4 is an important basal transcription factor with the potential to promote tumor growth. Its upregulation in various types of cancer has been linked to numerous genetic factors; however, the nature of the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, remains elusive. In the present study, E2F4 expression profiles were determined in 100 paired breast tumor and control samples, through RT-qPCR using the SYBR® green method. Furthermore, the E2F4 promoter methylation status in each of these samples was assessed using methylation specific PCR, in order to evaluate its impact on gene expression. A two-fold increase in E2F4 gene expression was observed in the breast tumors compared with in their respective controls (P=0.022); of these tumors, ~72% were under-methylated. The change in methylation status was also significantly higher (P<0.001) in the tumor samples. Methylation status was negatively correlated (r=-30) with E2F4 expression profiles, indicating that a decrease in methylation may promote higher expression of E2F4. The two study cohorts (>45 and ≤45 years) had comparable methylation profiles, though they had significantly decreased methylation status compared with controls. Various histo-pathological types also have different methylation profiles, indicating the presence of a tissue specific methylation signature. The results of the present study demonstrated that E2F4 methylation status can have a notable influence on its expression, and that it may have prognostic value in breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah Farman
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou Y, Shen JK, Yu Z, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. Expression and therapeutic implications of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in osteosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1573-1582. [PMID: 29452249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and/or hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) has been found in many types of human cancers, and a CDK4 specific inhibitor, palbociclib, has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer. However, the expression and the therapeutic potential of CDK4 in osteosarcoma remain unclear. In the present study, CDK4 was found to be highly expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines as compared with normal human osteoblasts. Elevated CDK4 expression correlated with metastasis potential and poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients as determined by immunohistochemical analysis in a human osteosarcoma tissue microarray (TMA). CDK4 inhibition by either palbociclib or specific small interference RNA (siRNA) exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of osteosarcoma cell proliferation and growth, accompanied by suppression of the CDK4/6-cyclinD-Rb signaling pathway. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CDK4 knockdown arrested osteosarcoma cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of CDK4 significantly decreased osteosarcoma cell migration in vitro determined by the wound healing assay. These data highlight that CDK4 may be a potential promising therapeutic target in the treatment of human osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
El-Athman R, Genov NN, Mazuch J, Zhang K, Yu Y, Fuhr L, Abreu M, Li Y, Wallach T, Kramer A, Schmitt CA, Relógio A. The Ink4a/Arf locus operates as a regulator of the circadian clock modulating RAS activity. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002940. [PMID: 29216180 PMCID: PMC5720494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock and the cell cycle are two major biological oscillators whose coupling influences cell fate decisions. In the present study, we use a model-driven experimental approach to investigate the interplay between clock and cell cycle components and the dysregulatory effects of RAS on this coupled system. In particular, we focus on the Ink4a/Arf locus as one of the bridging clock-cell cycle elements. Upon perturbations by the rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS), differential effects on the circadian phenotype were observed in wild-type and Ink4a/Arf knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which could be reproduced by our modelling simulations and correlated with opposing cell cycle fate decisions. Interestingly, the observed changes can be attributed to in silico phase shifts in the expression of core-clock elements. A genome-wide analysis revealed a set of differentially expressed genes that form an intricate network with the circadian system with enriched pathways involved in opposing cell cycle phenotypes. In addition, a machine learning approach complemented by cell cycle analysis classified the observed cell cycle fate decisions as dependent on Ink4a/Arf and the oncogene RAS and highlighted a putative fine-tuning role of Bmal1 as an elicitor of such processes, ultimately resulting in increased cell proliferation in the Ink4a/Arf knock-out scenario. This indicates that the dysregulation of the core-clock might work as an enhancer of RAS-mediated regulation of the cell cycle. Our combined in silico and in vitro approach highlights the important role of the circadian clock as an Ink4a/Arf-dependent modulator of oncogene-induced cell fate decisions, reinforcing its function as a tumour-suppressor and the close interplay between the clock and the cell cycle network. In mammals, the circadian clock controls the punctual regulation of biological processes, which, in turn, affect physiology and behaviour, allowing for the synchronisation of internal time to environmental light-dark cycles. Malfunctions of the circadian clock are associated with pathological phenotypes including cancer. Given the range of molecular time-dependent processes, including metabolism, DNA repair, and the cell cycle, the clock is hypothesised to act as a tumour suppressor. With the help of mathematical modelling and whole-genome analysis combined with machine learning, we investigated the RAS-dependent dysregulation of the circadian clock. We find that the tumour-suppressor Ink4a/Arf acts as a key mediator of RAS oncogene-induced changes in the circadian system, thereby mediating the interplay between the clock and the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukeia El-Athman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Nikolai N. Genov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Jeannine Mazuch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Kaiyang Zhang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
| | - Yong Yu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luise Fuhr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Mónica Abreu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Yin Li
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Thomas Wallach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens A. Schmitt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fischer M, Müller GA. Cell cycle transcription control: DREAM/MuvB and RB-E2F complexes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:638-662. [PMID: 28799433 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1360836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise timing of cell cycle gene expression is critical for the control of cell proliferation; de-regulation of this timing promotes the formation of cancer and leads to defects during differentiation and development. Entry into and progression through S phase requires expression of genes coding for proteins that function in DNA replication. Expression of a distinct set of genes is essential to pass through mitosis and cytokinesis. Expression of these groups of cell cycle-dependent genes is regulated by the RB pocket protein family, the E2F transcription factor family, and MuvB complexes together with B-MYB and FOXM1. Distinct combinations of these transcription factors promote the transcription of the two major groups of cell cycle genes that are maximally expressed either in S phase (G1/S) or in mitosis (G2/M). In this review, we discuss recent work that has started to uncover the molecular mechanisms controlling the precisely timed expression of these genes at specific cell cycle phases, as well as the repression of the genes when a cell exits the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Gerd A Müller
- a Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maurer C, Martel S, Zardavas D, Ignatiadis M. New agents for endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
44
|
Liu S, Yang TB, Nan YL, Li AH, Pan DX, Xu Y, Li S, Li T, Zeng XY, Qiu XQ. Genetic variants of cell cycle pathway genes predict disease-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017. [PMID: 28639733 PMCID: PMC5504311 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the cell cycle pathway has previously been related to development of human cancers. However, associations between genetic variants of cell cycle pathway genes and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the associations between 24 potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 16 main cell cycle pathway genes and disease‐free survival (DFS) of 271 HCC patients who had undergone radical surgery resection. We identified two SNPs, i.e., SMAD3 rs11556090 A>G and RBL2 rs3929G>C, that were independently predictive of DFS in an additive genetic model with false‐positive report probability (FPRP) <0.2. The SMAD3 rs11556090G allele was associated with a poorer DFS, compared with the A allele [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) = 1.13–1.89, P = 0.004]; while the RBL2 rs3929 C allele was associated with a superior DFS, compared with the G allele (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57–0.96, P = 0.023). Additionally, patients with an increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (NUGs) of these loci had a significant shorter DFS (Ptrend = 0.0001). Further analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the model including the NUGs and known prognostic clinical variables demonstrated a significant improvement in predicting the 1‐year DFS (P = 0.011). Moreover, the RBL2 rs3929 C allele was significantly associated with increased mRNA expression levels of RBL2 in liver tissue (P = 1.8 × 10−7) and the whole blood (P = 3.9 × 10−14). Our data demonstrated an independent or a joint effect of SMAD3 rs11556090 and RBL2 rs3929 in the cell cycle pathway on DFS of HCC, which need to be validated by large cohort and biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tian-Bo Yang
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yue-Li Nan
- Shenzhen Longhua Center for Chronic Diseases Prevention and Control, 118 Guanlan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, China
| | - An-Hua Li
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dong-Xiang Pan
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ting Li
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Immunohistochemical Expression of P16ink4a in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Adenomatous and Normal Tissue Samples: A Study on Southeast Iranian Samples. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
46
|
Molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:464-475. [PMID: 28619685 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the general cellular and molecular underpinnings of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinogenesis in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and focuses on HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in areas for which specific data is available. It covers the major pathways dysregulated in HPV-positive HNSCC and the genome-wide changes associated with this disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Han B, Liang W, Liu L, Li Y, Sun D. Determination of genetic effects of ATF3 and CDKN1A genes on milk yield and compositions in Chinese Holstein population. BMC Genet 2017; 18:47. [PMID: 28525989 PMCID: PMC5437669 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous RNA-sequencing study revealed that the ATF3 and CDKN1A genes were remarkably differentially expressed between the mammary glands of lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low milk protein and fat percentage so that both of them were considered as candidates for milk composition. Herein, we further verified whether these genes have genetic effects on milk production traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By re-sequencing the entire coding and regulatory regions, we identified four SNPs in 5’promoter region, two in exons, seven in 3′ un-translated region (UTR), and six in 3’flanking region of ATF3 gene, and one SNP in exon 5, two in 3’UTR, and two in 3’flanking region of CDKN1A gene. Of these, only the SNP, c.271C > T (rs442346530), in exon 5 of CDKN1A gene was predicted to result in an amino acid replacement from arginine to tryptophan. Subsequent genotype-phenotype association analysis revealed that 19 SNPs in ATF3 and 5 SNPs in CDKN1A were evidently associated with 305-days milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, or protein percentage (P = < 0.0001 ~ 0.0494). Whilst, no significant SNPs in ATF3 gene were associated with fat percentage in both first and second lactations (P > 0.05), and only two SNPs of CDKN1A gene, c.271C > T (P = 0.0377) and c.*654C > T (P = 0.0144), were markedly associated with fat percentage in the first lactation. Further, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses were conducted among the identified SNPs in ATF3 and/or CDKN1A genes to further confirm the association results. We also observed that the four SNPs, g.72834301C > A, g.72834229C > A, g.72833969A > G, and g.72833562G > T altered the specific transcription factor (TF) binding sites in ATF3 promoter, and one SNP, c.271C > T, changed the CDKN1A protein secondary structure, suggesting they might be the promising potential functional mutations. Conclusion Our findings first profiled the genetic effects of ATF3 and CDKN1A genes for milk production traits in dairy cattle and will be available for marker-assisted breeding in dairy cattle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0516-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijun Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ralff MD, Kline CLB, Küçükkase OC, Wagner J, Lim B, Dicker DT, Prabhu VV, Oster W, El-Deiry WS. ONC201 Demonstrates Antitumor Effects in Both Triple-Negative and Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancers through TRAIL-Dependent and TRAIL-Independent Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1290-1298. [PMID: 28424227 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been of interest as a cancer therapeutic, but only a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is sensitive to TRAIL. The small-molecule ONC201 induces expression of TRAIL and its receptor DR5. ONC201 has entered clinical trials in advanced cancers. Here, we show that ONC201 is efficacious against both TNBC and non-TNBC cells (n = 13). A subset of TNBC and non-TNBC cells succumbs to ONC201-induced cell death. In 2 of 8 TNBC cell lines, ONC201 treatment induces caspase-8 cleavage and cell death that is blocked by TRAIL-neutralizing antibody RIK2. The proapoptotic effect of ONC201 translates to in vivo efficacy in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft model. In most TNBC lines tested (6/8), ONC201 has an antiproliferative effect but does not induce apoptosis. ONC201 decreases cyclin D1 expression and causes an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. pRb expression is associated with sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of ONC201, and the compound synergizes with taxanes in less sensitive cells. All non-TNBC cells (n = 5) are growth inhibited following ONC201 treatment, and unlike what has been observed with TRAIL, a subset (n = 2) shows PARP cleavage. In these cells, cell death induced by ONC201 is TRAIL independent. Our data demonstrate that ONC201 has potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in a broad range of breast cancer subtypes, through TRAIL-dependent and TRAIL-independent mechanisms. These findings develop a preclinical rationale for developing ONC201 as a single agent and/or in combination with approved therapies in breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1290-8. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Ralff
- MD/PhD Program, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina L B Kline
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ozan C Küçükkase
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ueno Y, Kitamura C, Terashita M, Nishihara T. Re-oxygenation Improves Hypoxia-induced Pulp Cell Arrest. J Dent Res 2016; 85:824-8. [PMID: 16931865 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp cells can be exposed to hypoxia during severe inflammation or restorative procedures, though their response to hypoxia is not well-understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia has effects on the growth of pulp cells in vitro. When the cells were exposed to hypoxia for 48 hr, cell growth was suppressed, and cell death was detected by Hoechst staining. Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was inhibited in cells exposed to hypoxia. Analyses of the molecules involved in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation revealed that hypoxia suppressed cyclin D2 and activated p21CIP1/WAF1. Further, hypoxia-exposed pulp cells showed improvement of cell viability, cell-cycle progression, and expression of cyclin D2 with re-oxygenation. These findings indicate that hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest in pulp cells is reversible, while cyclin D2 may play an essential role in the improvement of cell proliferation with re-oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ueno
- Division of Pulp Biology, Operative Dentistry, and Endodontics, Department of Cariology and Periodontology, Science of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Miles S, Breeden L. A common strategy for initiating the transition from proliferation to quiescence. Curr Genet 2016; 63:179-186. [PMID: 27544284 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Development, tissue renewal and long term survival of multi-cellular organisms is dependent upon the persistence of stem cells that are quiescent, but retain the capacity to re-enter the cell cycle to self-renew, or to produce progeny that can differentiate and re-populate the tissue. Deregulated release of these cells from the quiescent state, or preventing them from entering quiescence, results in uncontrolled proliferation and cancer. Conversely, loss of quiescent cells, or their failure to re-enter cell division, disrupts organ development and prevents tissue regeneration and repair. Understanding the quiescent state and how cells control the transitions in and out of this state is of fundamental importance. Investigations into the mechanics of G1 arrest during the transition to quiescence continue to identify striking parallels between the strategies used by yeast and mammals to regulate this transition. When cells commit to a stable but reversible arrest, the G1/S genes responsible for promoting S phase must be inhibited. This process, from yeast to humans, involves the formation of quiescence-specific complexes on their promoters. In higher cells, these so-called DREAM complexes of E2F4/DP/RBL/MuvB recruit the highly conserved histone deacetylase HDAC1, which leads to local histone deacetylation and repression of S phase-promoting transcripts. Quiescent yeast cells also show pervasive histone deacetylation by the HDAC1 counterpart Rpd3. In addition, these cells contain quiescence-specific regulators of G1/S genes: Msa1 and Msa2, which can be considered components of the yeast equivalent of the DREAM complex. Despite a lack of physical similarities, the goals and the strategies used to achieve a reversible transition to quiescence are highly conserved. This motivates a detailed study of this process in the simple model organism: budding yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Miles
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Linda Breeden
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|